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Fyrby Runestone

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or "many staffs" in memory of their father may refer to the staves of the runes in the text. Two other inscriptions, DR 40 in Randbøl and Sm 16 in Nöbbele, make explicit use of the word "staff" to refer to runes. Other inscriptions which use the word in reference to the raising of a staff as a
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RAK. RAK is the classification for the oldest style where the ends of the runic bands are straight and there are no animal designs. The inscription is considered somewhat enigmatic due to its use of the pronoun "I" at the beginning of the runic text, which might even refer to the stone itself
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The runic text indicates that the inscription is a memorial to a father from his two sons which also boasts of the skills of the sons in rune-making, claiming that the brothers were the most skilled in runes in
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on the Fyrby Runestone consists of runic text within a band that curves along the face of the north side of a granite boulder that is two meters in height. The runic inscription is classified as being carved in
1108:"He Drowned in Holmr's Sea - His Cargo-Ship Drfted to the Sea-Bottom, Only Three Came Out Alive": Records and Representations of Baltic Traffic in the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages in Early Nordic Sources 848:
iak · uait : hastain : þa : hulmstain : bryþr · menr : rynasta : a : miþkarþi : setu : stain : auk : stafa : marga {} eftiʀ · fraystain · faþur ·
221:. The names in the Fyrby Runestone inscription also reflect a common practice of that time in Scandinavia of repeating an element in a parent's name in the names of the children. Here the 270: 855:
Iak {} væit {} Hastæin {} þa {} Holmstæin {} brøðr {} mænnr {} rynasta {} a {} Miðgarði, {} sattu {} stæin {} ok {} stafa {} marga {} æftiʀ {} Frøystæin, {} faður {} sinn.
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from the father's name, Freystein, is repeated in the names of the two sons, Hásteinn and Holmsteinn, to show the family relationship. The statement that the sons placed
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Ek {} veit {} Hástein {} þá {} Holmstein {} brœðr {} menn {} rýnasta {} á {} Miðgarði, {} settu {} stein {} ok {} stafa {} marga {} eptir {} Freystein, {} fǫður {} sinn.
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Jesch, Judith (1998). "Still Standing in Ågersta: Textuality and Literacy in Late Viking-Age Rune Stone Inscriptions". In Hoops, Johannes; et al. (eds.).
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I know Hásteinn and Holmsteinn, the most rune-skilled brothers in Middle Earth, placed many a stone and staff in memory of Freysteinn, their father.
845:ᛁᛅᚴ ᛫ ᚢᛅᛁᛏ ᛬ ᚼᛅᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ ᛬ ᚦᛅ ᛬ ᚼᚢᛚᛘᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ ᛬ ᛒᚱᚢᚦᚱ ᛫ ᛘᛂᚾᚱ ᛬ ᚱᚢᚾᛅᛋᛏᛅ ᛬ ᛅ ᛬ ᛘᛁᚦᚴᛅᚱᚦᛁ ᛬ ᛋᛂᛏᚢ ᛬ ᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ ᛬ ᛅᚢᚴ ᛬ ᛋᛏᛅᚠᛅ ᛬ ᛘᛅᚱᚵᛅ ¶ ᛂᚠᛐᛁᛦ ᛫ ᚠᚱᛅᚤᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ ᛬ ᚠᛅᚦᚢᚱ ᛫ ᛋᛁᚾ 1072:
Peterson, Lena (2002). "Developments of Personal Names from Ancient Nordic to Old Nordic". In Bandle, Oskar; Elmevik, Lennart; et al. (eds.).
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The first line is the runes, the second a transliteration of the runes into Latin characters. Next are two
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Gräslund, Anne-Sofie (2006), "Dating the Swedish Viking-Age Rune Stones on Stylistic Grounds",
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The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages
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or "Middle Earth". One personal name in the inscription contains the name of the
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It has been noted that the inscription on the Fyrby Runestone can be read as an
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element. The father's name, Freysteinn, means "Freyr's Stone." In addition, the
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or "High" in the name Hásteinn, which means "High Stone", may refer to the
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speaking to the reader. This runestone is notable for its reference to
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located in Fyrby, which is about 15 kilometers south of
171:("Middle Earth"), which was one of the nine worlds of 1078:. Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 745–753. 1789: 1262:Western route and unspecified expeditions abroad 1043: 242:in Vreta, and the now-lost U 849 in Balingsta. 1114:. Tartu University Press (Diss.). p. 156. 52:The Fyrby Runestone from Södermanland, Sweden. 1239: 186:proposed for the RAK style was 990-1010 AD. 1001:Runes and Their Secrets: Studies in Runology 16:Viking Age runestone in Södermanland, Sweden 973:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 279:A reading of the Fyrby runestone's text in 1573:Uppland Rune Inscriptions 101, 143 and 147 1246: 1232: 1771:Runic inscriptions online interactive map 1146: 1144: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1071: 997: 175:and the home of humans. The period that 101: 47: 1778:Runic transliteration and transcription 1065: 976:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 462–475. 965: 963: 961: 41:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 1790: 1135: 1104: 230:monument include Sö 196 in Kolsundet, 1227: 1093: 1023: 969: 862: 958: 13: 252: 90:, and in the historic province of 14: 1819: 1176: 1157:Scandinavian Runic-text Database 291:Problems playing this file? See 268: 21: 1187:Swedish National Heritage Board 1054:An Icelandic-English Dictionary 1253: 1037: 1017: 991: 245: 97: 1: 951: 911:I know the brothers, Hásteinn 1569:Hargs bro runic inscriptions 1057:. Clarendon Press. pp.  823: 809: 795: 781: 767: 753: 739: 725: 711: 697: 683: 669: 655: 641: 627: 613: 599: 585: 571: 557: 543: 529: 515: 501: 487: 473: 459: 445: 431: 417: 403: 389: 375: 361: 347: 333: 319: 134: 123: 112: 7: 939: 10: 1824: 1798:Runestones in Södermanland 1285:Gunnar's bridge runestones 106:Detail showing the runes: 1808:11th-century inscriptions 1803:10th-century inscriptions 1753: 1741: 1717: 1579: 1556:Snottsta and Vreta stones 1485: 1438: 1330: 1293: 1261: 1152:"Runic inscription Sö 56" 915:the most rune-skilled men 238:in Bällsta, the now-lost 60:, which is designated as 1105:Zilmer, Kristel (2005). 923:in memory of Freysteinn 820: 806: 792: 778: 764: 750: 736: 722: 708: 694: 680: 666: 652: 638: 624: 610: 596: 582: 568: 554: 540: 526: 512: 498: 484: 470: 456: 442: 428: 414: 400: 386: 372: 358: 344: 330: 316: 131: 120: 109: 1307:Baltic area runestones 264:Old East Norse reading 257: 154: 53: 43: instead of runes. 29:This section contains 1725:Jarlabanke Runestones 1444:Battle of Fýrisvellir 1280:Hakon Jarl runestones 1049:Vigfússon, Guðbrandur 256: 105: 51: 1565:Broby bro Runestones 1548:Färentuna Runestones 1457:Hällestad Runestones 1301:Varangian runestones 921:and many rune-staves 1718:Runestone monuments 1210:58.9533°N 16.6689°E 1206: /  1183:Photograph of Sö 56 892:þā Holmstæin brø̄ðr 177:Anne-Sofie Gräslund 84:Södermanland County 1761:List of runestones 1729:Hunnestad Monument 1586:Old Norse religion 1275:England runestones 1030:Teutonic Mythology 871:, specifically in 869:alliterative verse 863:Alliterative verse 258: 234:in Stora Ryttern, 155: 54: 1785: 1784: 1467:Karlevi Runestone 1322:Ingvar runestones 1312:Greece runestones 1269:Viking runestones 933: 932: 274: 159:runic inscription 151:"in Middle Earth" 145:a : miþkarþi 37:rendering support 1815: 1709:Thorwald's Cross 1486:Viking Age women 1472:Egtved Runestone 1462:Sjörup Runestone 1317:Italy runestones 1248: 1241: 1234: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1215:58.9533; 16.6689 1211: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1148: 1133: 1132: 1130: 1124:. Archived from 1113: 1102: 1091: 1089: 1069: 1063: 1062: 1045:Cleasby, Richard 1041: 1035: 1034: 1021: 1015: 1014: 995: 989: 987: 967: 919:placed the stone 917:in Middle Earth, 902:æftiʀ Frøystæin, 890:Iak væit Hāstæin 885: 884: 308:, the second in 276: 275: 255: 185: 25: 24: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1773: 1749: 1737: 1713: 1682: 1650:Cursed stones: 1649: 1617: 1584: 1581:Norse mythology 1575: 1558: 1552:Hillersjö stone 1544:Gerlög and Inga 1541: 1481: 1452:Högby Runestone 1434: 1326: 1289: 1257: 1252: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1192: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1163: 1161: 1150: 1149: 1136: 1128: 1122: 1111: 1103: 1094: 1086: 1070: 1066: 1042: 1038: 1022: 1018: 1012: 996: 992: 984: 968: 959: 954: 942: 927: 924: 922: 920: 918: 916: 914: 913:and Holmsteinn, 912: 906: 903: 901: 899: 897: 895: 893: 891: 865: 860: 843: 832: 818: 804: 790: 776: 762: 748: 734: 720: 706: 692: 678: 664: 650: 636: 622: 608: 594: 580: 566: 552: 538: 524: 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Retrieved 1155: 1126:the original 1107: 1074: 1067: 1053: 1039: 1029: 1025:Grimm, Jacob 1019: 1000: 993: 972: 946:Middle-earth 910: 904:faður sinn. 889: 873:fornyrðislag 866: 857: 854: 851: 847: 844: 841: 839: 837: 834: 829: 826: 815: 812: 801: 798: 787: 784: 773: 770: 759: 756: 745: 742: 731: 728: 717: 714: 703: 700: 689: 686: 675: 672: 661: 658: 647: 644: 633: 630: 619: 616: 605: 602: 591: 588: 577: 574: 563: 560: 549: 546: 535: 532: 521: 518: 507: 504: 493: 490: 479: 476: 465: 462: 451: 448: 437: 434: 423: 420: 409: 406: 395: 392: 381: 378: 367: 364: 353: 350: 339: 336: 325: 322: 299: 290: 226: 222: 207: 191: 188: 156: 150: 147: 144: 142:ᛅ ᛬ ᛘᛁᚦᚴᛅᚱᚦᛁ 141: 137: 126: 115: 92:Södermanland 61: 57: 55: 28: 1440:Jomsvikings 1213: / 988:p. 471-472. 898:sattu stæin 896:ā Miðgarði, 246:Inscription 227:stafa marga 217:of the god 196:Norse pagan 180: [ 98:Description 33:characters. 1792:Categories 1477:Aars stone 1255:Runestones 1201:16°40′08″E 1198:58°57′12″N 1185:in 1985 - 952:References 774:Frøystæin, 771:Freystein, 293:media help 70:Viking Age 1754:Resources 1597:hallow": 768:fraystain 765:ᚠᚱᛅᚤᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ 578:Miðgarði, 575:Miðgarði, 438:Holmstæin 435:Holmstein 432:hulmstain 429:ᚼᚢᛚᛘᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ 76:runestone 1442:and the 1051:(1878). 1027:(1888). 940:See also 572:miþkarþi 569:ᛘᛁᚦᚴᛅᚱᚦᛁ 192:Miðgarði 138:Miðgarði 135:miþkarþi 132:ᛘᛁᚦᚴᛅᚱᚦᛁ 73:memorial 1766:Rundata 1683:Other: 1164:Feb 25, 1090:p. 750. 522:rynasta 519:rýnasta 516:rynasta 513:ᚱᚢᚾᛅᛋᛏᛅ 382:Hastæin 379:Hástein 376:hastain 373:ᚼᛅᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ 169:Midgard 66:Rundata 64:in the 1747:Sö 113 1705:Vg 119 1693:Ög 181 1689:Ög 136 1685:Sö 154 1680:DR 360 1676:DR 357 1672:DR 338 1668:DR 230 1664:DR 209 1647:DR 120 1635:Sö 111 1627:Vg 113 1623:U 1161 1615:DR 220 1611:DR 209 1607:DR 110 1603:Sö 140 1599:Vg 150 1561:Estrid 1539:DR 143 1535:DR 114 1515:Sr 139 1426:DR 330 1422:DR 259 1402:Sö 360 1398:Sö 333 1394:Sö 174 1378:U 1048 1303:(main) 1271:(main) 1118:  1082:  1008:  980:  835:  816:  813:  788:  785:  760:  757:  732:  729:  726:  704:  701:  676:  673:  648:  645:  620:  617:  592:  589:  564:  561:  536:  533:  508:  505:  480:  477:  452:  449:  424:  421:  396:  393:  368:  365:  340:  337:  223:steinn 212:byname 127:  88:Sweden 1742:Other 1701:Vg 63 1660:DR 83 1656:DR 81 1652:Vg 67 1643:DR 48 1639:DR 26 1631:Sö 86 1605:(?), 1593:"May 1531:DR 55 1527:N 225 1519:Vg 67 1511:U 861 1507:U 489 1503:U 455 1499:U 337 1491:Vs 24 1430:N 239 1418:G 207 1414:Sm 48 1410:Vg 81 1406:Vg 40 1390:Sö 49 1386:Sö 47 1382:Sö 16 1370:U 954 1366:U 948 1362:U 925 1354:U 614 1350:U 605 1346:U 258 1342:U 158 1338:Nä 29 1129:(PDF) 1112:(PDF) 1061:–244. 876:metre 830:sinn. 827:sinn. 802:faður 799:fǫður 796:faþur 793:ᚠᛅᚦᚢᚱ 746:æftiʀ 743:eptir 740:eftiʀ 737:ᛂᚠᛐᛁᛦ 718:marga 715:marga 712:marga 709:ᛘᛅᚱᚵᛅ 690:stafa 687:stafa 684:stafa 681:ᛋᛏᛅᚠᛅ 634:stæin 631:stein 628:stain 625:ᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ 606:sattu 603:settu 494:mænnr 466:brøðr 463:brœðr 460:bryþr 457:ᛒᚱᚢᚦᚱ 240:U 332 236:U 226 202:as a 200:Freyr 184:] 62:Sö 56 31:runic 1697:Öl 1 1595:Thor 1523:N 68 1495:U 15 1374:1028 1166:2024 1116:ISBN 1080:ISBN 1006:ISBN 978:ISBN 600:setu 597:ᛋᛂᛏᚢ 491:menn 488:menr 485:ᛘᛂᚾᚱ 354:væit 351:veit 348:uait 345:ᚢᛅᛁᛏ 232:Vs 1 219:Odin 198:god 157:The 80:Flen 56:The 1707:, 1583:and 1358:699 1059:243 849:sin 824:sin 821:ᛋᛁᚾ 656:auk 653:ᛅᚢᚴ 326:Iak 320:iak 317:ᛁᛅᚴ 215:Hár 208:Hár 1794:: 1731:, 1727:, 1703:, 1699:, 1695:, 1691:, 1687:, 1678:, 1674:, 1670:, 1666:, 1662:, 1658:, 1654:, 1645:, 1641:, 1637:, 1633:, 1629:, 1625:, 1621:: 1613:, 1609:, 1601:, 1571:, 1567:, 1563:: 1554:, 1550:, 1546:: 1537:, 1533:, 1529:, 1525:, 1521:, 1517:, 1513:, 1509:, 1505:, 1501:, 1497:, 1493:, 1428:, 1424:, 1420:, 1416:, 1412:, 1408:, 1404:, 1400:, 1396:, 1392:, 1388:, 1384:, 1380:, 1376:, 1372:, 1368:, 1364:, 1360:, 1356:, 1352:, 1348:, 1344:, 1340:, 1154:. 1137:^ 1095:^ 1047:; 960:^ 878:: 662:ok 659:ok 410:þa 407:þá 404:þa 401:ᚦᛅ 323:Ek 312:. 182:sv 94:. 86:, 82:, 1247:e 1240:t 1233:v 1168:. 1088:. 986:. 810:· 807:᛫ 782:· 779:᛬ 754:· 751:᛫ 723:¶ 698:: 695:᛬ 670:: 667:᛬ 642:: 639:᛬ 614:: 611:᛬ 586:: 583:᛬ 558:: 555:᛬ 550:a 547:á 544:a 541:ᛅ 530:: 527:᛬ 502:: 499:᛬ 474:· 471:᛫ 446:: 443:᛬ 418:: 415:᛬ 390:: 387:᛬ 362:: 359:᛬ 334:· 331:᛫ 295:. 283:. 124:: 121:᛬ 116:á 113:a 110:ᛅ

Index

runic
rendering support
question marks, boxes, or other symbols

Rundata
Viking Age
memorial
runestone
Flen
Södermanland County
Sweden
Södermanland

runic inscription
runestone style
Midgard
Norse cosmology
Anne-Sofie Gräslund
sv
Norse pagan
Freyr
theophoric name
byname
Hár
Odin
Vs 1
U 226
U 332
Old East Norse reading
Old East Norse

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