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Pfizer were being paid $ 21 per child if GAVI subsidies were included, and the change would not greatly increase affordability for mid-wealth countries, those too rich for GAVI help but too poor to afford the vaccine. They said that, as Pfizer had made $ 16 billion in profits on pneumococcal vaccine in the last four years, a larger price cut would be affordable. In early 2016, they ran the "A fair shot" campaign to pressure GSK and Pfizer to drop prices. Pfizer said that they were already selling the vaccine at "far below" cost, while GSK said that the price enabled them to "just about" cover their costs, and "To discount it further would threaten our ability to supply it to these countries in the long-term".
1432:, which offered the vaccine at 2/3 of the price then offered by the two. As the pneumococcal vaccine made up 40% of Gavi's vaccine purchasing costs, a 33% price drop would save Gavi billions (13% of its total vaccine purchasing costs). Pneumonia kills more than a quarter of children dying before the age of five, almost a million children each year. MSF said that GSK and Pfizer's pricing was exploitative and had left millions of children who could have been protected vulnerable. In December 2019, they reiterated this request, pointing out that the GSK/Pfizer pneumococcal vaccine often costs US$ 80 in middle-income countries too rich for GAVI support.
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1490:. At GAVI, some argued that vaccination could not be effectively carried out and sustained without strengthening healthcare, citing experiences in Gavi's vaccination programmes, where availability of staff, training, transport, and funds had hindered vaccination and reporting of vaccination coverage and stocks. There were also worries that Gavi was undermining and paralyzing health care systems. Others argued that HSS was a distraction from Gavi's single-minded focus on vaccines, and HSS was a nebulous concept that could not be defined and quantified.
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1538:. GAVI measured HSS using vaccination coverage as the sole indicator. It set the reporting indicators which were required of recipients of its funding; countries were not allowed to use similar indicators they already collected; this has been criticized for conferring a heavy accounting burden and diverting attention from indigenous goals. National government representatives did sit on the board, but had little influence; one European representative described the environment in the mid-2010s as "highly intimidating".
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1285:(MSF) "The right shot" report criticized Gavi for focusing on funding expensive new vaccines and neglecting to give children low-cost older ones. "Twenty percent of the world's children aren't even getting the basic vaccines", MSF's vaccine policy adviser said. MSF criticized the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), a WHO global collaboration of which Gavi is listed as a leader, as flawed for failing to help those 20%, which is some 19 million children.
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higher in less-developed healthcare systems. There was no spending on operational research, improving use of existing resources, or developing national drug and vaccine policies. In some grants, HSS funds were mostly spent on day-to-day operational costs, with no exit plan for the funding. GAVI subsequently (before 2018) shifted HSS aid to focus more on sustainability and the principles of the
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influence through public-private partnerships like Gavi than through the traditional public sector. There is also criticism that staff at GHIs are often recruited directly from elite educational institutions, and have no experience in health care systems, especially those in poorer countries. Some WHO officials have privately criticized Gavi for infringing and weakening the WHO's mandate.
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282:. GAVI has been criticized for giving private donors more unilateral power to decide on global health goals, prioritizing new, expensive vaccines while putting less money and effort into expanding coverage of old, cheap ones, harming local healthcare systems, spending too much on subsidies to large, profitable pharmaceutical companies without reducing the prices of some vaccines, and its
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to endorse an HSS goal. Up to a quarter of Gavi's funding was dedicated to "strengthening the capacity of integrated health systems to deliver immunisation", in practice it's been around 10%. After 2010, this funding went through a joint-venture Health
Systems Funding Platform. Gavi's funding for this platform was conditional on the platform meeting vaccine coverage goals.
251:, and reducing the commercial risks that manufacturers face when selling vaccines to the poor and developing vaccines. It also provides funding to strengthen health systems and train health workers across the developing world, though the effectiveness of its health-system-strengthening programs is disputed.
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As of the mid-2010s, few in Gavi were working on HSS, most of the former pro-HSS people had left, and some at Gavi dismissed HSS as PR to gain support from pro-HSS donors and counter criticisms that Gavi was harming healthcare systems. Such criticisms were generally not a topic that GAVI engaged with
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personally) opposed it. The majority of vaccine experts tended to favour technological rather than HSS-based approaches. Pharmaceutical industry representatives were supportive of HSS, possibly because they saw it as key to sustainable markets for their products. In 2005, a narrow vote brought Gavi
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Gavi responded in April 2020 by agreeing with MSF's goals, but regretting that MSF had discussed the issue in public as well as through its own close ties to Gavi. Gavi said that low prices required large, stable, high-volume deals, and "careful consideration and the support of key constituencies".
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The UK government stated that this round of funding would mean that 300 million more children in lower-income countries are immunized for diseases including measles, polio and diphtheria by the end of 2025. Additionally, the funding will support health systems to withstand the impact of coronavirus
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Following the latest Global
Vaccine Summit in June 2020 hosted in the UK, $ 8.8 billion (USD) was raised for the funding cycle 2021 to 2025; exceeding the target of $ 7.4 billion. This included $ 2 billion from the UK, $ 1.6 billion from the Gates Foundation and $ 1 billion
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responded to MSF, saying "I think there is an organisation that's wonderful in every other respect, but every time we raise money to save poor children's lives, they put out a press release that says the price of these things should be zero". He said that criticizing pharmaceutical company pricing
1405:
In
January 2015, MSF also called upon GSK and Pfizer to cut the price of the pneumococcal vaccine to US$ 5 per child in developing countries, a price they estimated as competitive. On January 27, they responded to Pfizer's commitment to reduce prices by 6% to $ 10 per child. They said that GSK and
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election cycle. One author described Gavi's approach to public health as business-oriented and technology-focused, using market-oriented measures, and seeking quantifiable results. Gavi follows a model termed the "Gates approach" or US-type approach. It contrasts with the approach typified by the
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A 2016 funding-allocation analysis of a sample of GAVI grants found that just over half the money went to purchasing drugs, equipment, supplies, and facilities (and 3% on bonuses and incentive pay). These are short-term funding activities which the WHO does not consider HSS. The proportions were
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Public-sector workers and academics public health have criticized Gavi, and other global health initiatives (GHIs) with private-sector actors, saying that they have neither the democratic legitimacy nor the capacity to decide on public health agendas. Private donors often find it easier to exert
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In the 20-naughts, Gavi had intense internal debate about its role in vaccinations and in health systems strengthening (HSS). This was part of a broader discussion in healthcare about "vertical" approaches (often targeting specific diseases or behaviours) and "horizontal" ones, targeting broad
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Along with Global Health
Initiatives (GHIs) in general, Gavi was described as innovative, effective, and less bureaucratic than multilateral government institutions like the WHO. Gavi programmes may produce quantified results within an election cycle, which is appealing to parties locked in an
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MSF argued that the
Advance Market Commitment had transferred far more money to GSK and Pfizer than the GAVI grants had transferred to low-cost suppliers for technology transfer and product development. MSF said that large pharmaceutical multinationals had been found to put very high
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Industrialised countries are GAVI's principal donors, providing approximately three-quarters of the total funding. All donor governments are represented on the Gavi Board through a constituency system (i.e. one donor country will represent several donors in their constituency).
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internally; the lack of internal engagement with the issue has been criticized. The disagreements were fairly intense; when Bill Gates came to visit GAVI headquarters, employees would hide the HSS-related posters so that he would not be reminded of this aspect of GAVI's work.
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It has been argued that GAVI's HSS spending in the early 2010s went to selective, disease-specific interventions repackaged as HSS. GAVI's HSS support at this time tended to focus on immunisation strengthening support, especially the building of
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In
January 2021, Seth Berkley announced that Gavi hoped to deliver 145 to 150 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines in the first quarter of 2021 and 500 million doses in the second quarter, and then 1.5 billion in the second half of the year.
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global health partnership with the goal of increasing access to immunization in poor countries. In 2016, Gavi channeled more than half of total donor assistance for health, and most donor assistance for immunization, by monetary measure.
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Gavi was awarded the 2019 Lasker-Bloomberg Public
Service Award for "providing sustained access to childhood vaccines around the globe, thus saving millions of lives, and for highlighting the power of immunization to prevent disease".
1155:, which was launched in 1990. In August 2014, Gavi changed its name from "GAVI Alliance" and rebranded itself with a new logo deliberately reminiscent of UN organization logos, but using green as a mark of difference.
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by making an advance pledge that if a vaccine for a certain condition is developed, meeting certain specifications, donors will buy a certain number of doses. GAVI seeks to design its AMCs in a way that encourages a
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The following month, Gavi announced the approval of up to $ 150 million to help 92 low- and middle-income countries prepare for the delivery of future COVID-19 vaccines, including technical assistance and
1390:; apart from charging slightly higher prices for GAVI, it charged unaffordable prices (about ten time the GAVI price) for middle-income countries too rich for GAVI aid. MSF also highlighted the success of the
1398:, looser age restrictions, fewer shots, lower prices, etc.). They recommended that GAVI spend more money on adapted vaccines and on fostering competition, and less subsidizing large pharmaceutical companies.
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In
January 2020, MSF repeated the appeal for Gavi to bulk-buy the cheaper pneumococcal vaccine and vaccinate more of the 55 million children who are not vaccinated with it. They also appealed to the
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in 2022 for
Promoting vaccine equity at the forefront of COVID-19 by leading COVAX and Improving overall health of humanity by increasing access to vaccine for children in vulnerable countries.
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1417:: "We get a great price for these things, which is tiered pricing... And that's how we manage to cut childhood death in half". He also advocated improving low-temperature supply chains (a.k.a.
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Gavi supports the immunization of almost half the world's children. Gavi has helped immunize over 760 million children, preventing over 13 million deaths worldwide, helping increase
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on prices, and internationally certified vaccine could be made for about 40% less cost by smaller companies in India and China, despite patent-related obstacles. The duopoly allowed
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1837:"Effect of donor funding for immunization from Gavi and other development assistance channels on vaccine coverage: Evidence from 120 low and middle income recipient countries"
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needed a global response whereby the best global facilities for separate parts of the processes should then be integrated into a global process. He said he hoped that the
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Gavi runs in five-year funding cycles which enables it to negotiate long-term deals with manufacturers, secure in the knowledge that funding will be available.
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1948:"Perspective and investments in health system strengthening of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance: a content analysis of health system strengthening-specific funding"
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The number of manufacturers making certified pentavalent vaccine increased, making the market more competitive. Graph by Gavi; manufacturers are not named.
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vaccine coverage in supported countries from 59% in 2000 to 81% in 2019, contributing to reducing child mortality by half. It also seeks to improve the
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that is scandalously expensive to donors and taxpayers" (in return, the companies committed to sell at least 30 million doses annually for ten years).
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In the period of 2016–2020, Gavi received US$ 9.3 billion, with over half of the total funding provided by the three largest donors: the UK, the
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reported that following 309 million coronavirus vaccine doses being delivered in
December 2021, COVAX had delivered over 1 billion for the pandemic.
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Malhame, Melissa; Baker, Edward; Gandhi, Gian; Jones, Andrew; Kalpaxis, Philipp; Iqbal, Robyn; Momeni, Yalda; Nguyen, Aurelia (18 July 2019).
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countries should work together with a budget of tens of billions of dollars, and that individual countries should be prepared for finished
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deterred them from investing in medicines for the developing world, and said that instead, pharmaceutical companies should be praised for
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GAVI's main objective is vaccination programs. Gavi has been the main donor funder of vaccination in low and middle income countries.
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2513:"Access: MSF calls on GSK and Pfizer to slash pneumo vaccine price to $ 5 per child for poor countries ahead of donor meeting"
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274:, the vaccine industry in both industrialised and developing countries, research and technical agencies, civil society, the
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2771:"Resource Allocation Strategies to Increase the Efficiency and Sustainability of Gavi's Health System Strengthening Grants"
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In August 2019, MSF asked Gavi to stop giving Advance Market Commitment subsidies to GSK and Pfizer, whom they called a
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2823:"Shaping markets to benefit global health – A 15-year history and lessons learned from the pentavalent vaccine market"
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1878:"Has Gavi lived up to its promise? Quasi-experimental evidence on country immunisation rates and child mortality"
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in having vaccine manufacturers on its governance board. Gavi has taken steps to address some of these concerns.
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2964:"Covax vaccine deliveries surge in final stretch of 2021, with a record 300 million doses sent out in December"
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2992:"2019 Lasker~Bloomberg Public Service Award Providing sustained access to childhood vaccines around the globe"
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1522:, who was Gavi's CEO between 2004 and 2010, was rumoured to have left over conflicts around his support for
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In 2011 Gavi added "shape the market for vaccines and other immunisation supplies" to its strategic goals.
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Ikilezi, Gloria; Augusto, Orvalho J.; Dieleman, Joseph L.; Sherr, Kenneth; Lim, Stephen S. (2020).
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and maintain the infrastructure necessary to roll out a future COVID-19 vaccine on a global scale.
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market to be more stable and competitive. The vaccine price fell with increased competition, and
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2228:"Pneumococcal Vaccine is Launched in Africa, But Are Donors Getting a Fair Deal from Companies?"
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Of 22% on Human resources development/Performance management (fig2), 15.8% was spent on bonuses
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Gavi facilitates vaccinations in developing countries by working with donor governments, the
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Mimche, Honoré; Squires, Ellen; Miangotar, Yodé; Mokdad, Ali; El Bcheraoui, Charbel (2018).
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2288:"Bill Gates-backed vaccine alliance raises $ 8.8 billion from world leaders and businesses"
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were functionally receiving a subsidy as well as a per-unit payment for supplying doses of
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2681:"MSF urges Gavi to work for more children to a get new, more affordable pneumonia vaccine"
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1358:(MSF) recommended that Gavi change the ways in which it buy vaccines. They criticized the
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2465:"Gavi must stop giving millions in subsidies to Pfizer and GSK for pneumococcal vaccine"
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program, which makes vaccines that are easier to deliver in remote areas (no need for a
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2314:"The Global Vaccine Summit, hosted by the UK, raises US$ 8.8 billion for immunisation"
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2906:"GAVI providing $ 150 million to poorer countries to prepare for COVID-19 vaccines"
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2699:"Gavi must work to ensure more children get new, more affordable pneumonia vaccine"
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Gavi has been particularly successful at promoting the uptake of newer vaccines.
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2599:"Pharmaceutical companies told to slash price of pneumococcal disease vaccine"
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In September 2020, Gavi was announced as one of the organisations leading the
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2531:"MSF responds to Pfizer announcement of pneumococcal vaccine price reduction"
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2936:"Covax scheme: 150m Covid-19 vaccine doses could be given to nations in Q1"
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2022:"The GAVI Alliance and the 'Gates approach' to health system strengthening"
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would be shared equally between the world's richest and poorest countries.
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2880:"'Landmark moment': 156 countries agree to Covid vaccine allocation deal"
2174:"Doctors Without Borders criticizes Gates-backed global vaccine strategy"
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Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture
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declined. Whether Gavi met quantitative goals will be assessed in 2020.
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and other private philanthropists. Gavi has observer status at the
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Gavi spent 15 years (2005–2020) with a program for shaping the
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2574:. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International. Archived from
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2618:"Bill Gates dismisses criticism of high prices for vaccines"
1481:, speaking at the UK-hosted GAVI pledging event in June 2011
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1772:"GAVI – The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations"
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almost vanished. Graph by Gavi; non-UNICEF prices not shown
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2550:"Vaccine price cut pledge not enough, critics tell Pfizer"
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Seth Berkley: interview BBC Radio 4 8:46 am 11 April 2020
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Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
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Jaupart, Pascal; Dipple, Lizzie; Dercon, Stefan (2019).
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vaccine allocation plan, created to ensure that any new
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2207:"GAVI money welcome but could it be more wisely spent?"
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Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
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Tsai, Feng-Jen; Lee, Howard; Fan, Victoria Y. (2016).
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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia
2122:"The World Bank's Partnership with the Gavi Alliance"
1750:"The evolution of global health's 'best-kept secret'"
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Gavi (Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization)
2146:. Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation. Archived from
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1805:"Green light from Gavi for cervical cancer vaccine"
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vaccines to be allocated according to greatest need
1163:Advance Market Commitments (AMCs) aim to overcome
1159:Vaccine development and advance market commitments
4570:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
3394:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
3042:"Hektisk nomineringsaktivitet før fredsprisfrist"
2144:"What We Do -VACCINE DELIVERY- Strategy Overview"
1530:has been the CEO of Gavi since 2011, as of 2020.
19:For the footballer Pablo Martín Páez Gavira, see
4675:International responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
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2339:"BOARD AND BOARD COMMITTEE OPERATING PROCEDURES"
2251:Annual Contributions and Proceeds 31 March 2021
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1151:Gavi was created in 2000 as a successor to the
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1360:pneumococcal vaccine Advance Market Commitment
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3018:"Flere fredsprisforslag før fristen gikk ut"
2703:Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International
2535:Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International
2517:Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International
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2731:"BACK TO GAVI SECRETARIAT Dr Seth Berkley"
2020:Storeng, Katerini T. (14 September 2014).
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1322:. Please do not remove this message until
295:Five year contribution to Gavi (2016–2020)
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1032:ELMA Vaccines and Immunization Foundation
2775:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
2306:
2280:
1594:All pentavalent vaccine prices fell and
1473:
1454:
1318:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3492:Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative
3251:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
2811:
2615:
2596:
2547:
2331:
2201:
2199:
2171:
2019:
1802:
1544:Paris Declaration for Aid Effectiveness
1288:
1178:
1146:
4657:
2098:. UNICEF. 9 April 2007. Archived from
1819:
1748:Ravelo, Jenny Lei (10 November 2014).
1747:
1557:
1273:Vaccines in programs supported by GAVI
247:, negotiating bulk prices, supporting
3518:
3480:Camfed, Campaign for Female Education
3423:
3121:
3081:
2432:"Global vaccine plan draws criticism"
994:China Merchants Charitable Foundation
3361:Malaria Research and Training Centre
3110:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
2196:
1603:
1292:
34:
3341:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
2717:"The health systems goal (Phase 3)"
2246:"Annual Contributions and Proceeds"
1803:Boseley, Sarah (17 November 2011).
1507:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
1451:Health systems strengthening debate
1396:temperature-controlled supply chain
1133:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
329:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
276:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
13:
4597:Eradication of infectious diseases
4354:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
2616:Boseley, Sarah (27 January 2015).
2597:Boseley, Sarah (20 January 2015).
2548:Boseley, Sarah (26 January 2015).
1135:(BMGF), and the USA (see insert).
14:
4691:
4680:Organizations established in 2000
4670:Vaccination-related organizations
4187:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
3353:Manhiça Centre of Health Research
3057:
1847:(3). sciencedirect.com: 588–596.
1549:
1374:, which the organization deemed "
4576:Alternative vaccination schedule
3546:Artificial induction of immunity
3382:National Transplant Organization
2124:. World Bank Group. 18 July 2014
1691:
1666:Gavi was nominated for the 2021
1587:
1575:
1297:
1078:
1042:
1014:
966:
938:
900:
872:
854:
826:
778:
750:
712:
694:
666:
648:
612:
594:
576:
547:
529:
501:
483:
465:
447:
429:
411:
393:
375:
357:
339:
311:
39:
3365:Kintampo Health Research Centre
3034:
2984:
2972:. United States. 1 January 2022
2956:
2928:
2898:
2872:
2863:
2753:
2723:
2709:
2691:
2673:
2655:
2637:
2634:one-third of 40% is 13.3333...%
2628:
2609:
2590:
2560:
2541:
2523:
2505:
2483:"GAVI responds to MSF campaign"
2475:
2424:
2403:
2392:"Pneumococcal AMC GAVI webpage"
2359:
2255:
2238:
2136:
2114:
2096:"Supplies and Logistics – GAVI"
4408:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
3402:for the Advancement of Science
2912:. October 2020. Archived from
2088:
2062:
1869:
1796:
1764:
1:
3939:Group B streptococcal disease
3758:Vaccines for Children Program
3112:for International Cooperation
2667:Doctors Without Borders - USA
2469:Doctors Without Borders – USA
2232:Doctors Without Borders – USA
1854:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.057
1732:
1256:haemophilus influenza vaccine
1199:Japanese Encephalitis vaccine
1153:Children's Vaccine Initiative
2787:10.1097/INF.0000000000001848
2172:Paulson, Tom (15 May 2012).
2038:10.1080/17441692.2014.940362
1189:Human Papillomavirus vaccine
7:
3452:Hispanic Society of America
3378:The Transplantation Society
3327:2004: The European Union's
3311:International Space Station
2839:10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100033
1885:The British Medical Journal
1684:
1524:health system strengthening
1467:health centre, in northern
1421:) in developing countries.
1324:conditions to do so are met
1210:Measles and rubella vaccine
844:Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
289:
120:; 24 years ago
10:
4696:
3474:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
2944:. Singapore. 27 March 2021
1608:In April 2020, Gavi's CEO
629:Anonymous Swiss Foundation
221:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
136:Public–private partnership
25:
18:
16:Global health organization
4615:
4584:
4523:
4455:
4346:
4318:
4285:
3954:
3785:
3778:
3697:
3625:
3577:
3430:
3419:
3372:World Health Organization
3323:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
3305:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
3128:
3117:
1897:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001789
1777:World Health Organization
1657:
1437:World Health Organization
264:World Health Organization
198:
173:
156:
148:
140:
132:
114:
98:
3934:Clostridioides difficile
3357:Ifakara Health Institute
2248:. Gavi. 25 October 2023.
1964:10.1093/inthealth/ihv063
1430:Serum Institute of India
1283:Médecins Sans Frontières
684:Lions Club International
347:United States of America
4197:Tick-borne encephalitis
3247:Government of Guatemala
3174:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
3164:University of Salamanca
1356:Doctors Without Borders
1004:Reckitt Benckiser Group
918:Alwaleed Philanthropies
602:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
4607:List of vaccine topics
3602:Mathematical modelling
3196:Hans-Dietrich Genscher
2737:. GAVI. Archived from
2568:"A fair shot campaign"
1482:
1471:
1206:(Meningitis A vaccine)
928:Rockefeller Foundation
227:, and before that the
4602:Vaccinate Your Family
4053:Japanese encephalitis
3168:University of Coimbra
3028:Norwegian News Agency
2072:. WHO. Archived from
1717:Economics of vaccines
1677:Gavi was awarded the
1477:
1458:
1204:Meningococcal vaccine
638:"la Caixa" Foundation
284:conflicts of interest
280:World Health Assembly
245:economics of vaccines
28:Gavi (disambiguation)
4485:John Franklin Enders
3277:Fatana Ishaq Gailani
3261:Olayinka Koso-Thomas
3209:Frederik W. de Klerk
2996:laskerfoundation.org
2026:Global Public Health
1952:International Health
1596:price discrimination
1568:price discrimination
1463:supplied by GAVI at
1415:price discrimination
1388:price discrimination
1372:pneumococcal vaccine
1289:Pneumococcal vaccine
1235:Yellow fever vaccine
1215:Pneumococcal vaccine
1179:Vaccination programs
1147:History and programs
257:Alma Ata Declaration
249:price discrimination
70:improve this article
26:For other uses, see
3666:Virus-like particle
3590:Vaccine ingredients
3458:Amref Health Africa
3140:Enrique V. Iglesias
3134:José López Portillo
2998:. Lasker Foundation
2886:. 21 September 2020
2719:. 11 November 2019.
2397:7 June 2013 at the
1652:the Washington Post
1612:commented that the
1564:pentavalent vaccine
1558:Pentavalent vaccine
1311:of this section is
1281:In 2012, the first
1240:Pentavalent vaccine
730:Shell International
519:European Commission
298:
192:José Manuel Barroso
105:2014 logo, evoking
95:
74:independent sources
4642:Never to phase III
4441:Hexavalent vaccine
4255:Epstein–Barr virus
4150:Oxford–AstraZeneca
3838:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
3400:Max Planck Society
3146:Belisario Betancur
3050:. 31 January 2021.
3030:. 31 January 2021.
2705:. 21 January 2020.
2687:. 21 January 2020.
2669:. 3 December 2019.
2537:. 27 January 2015.
2519:. 20 January 2015.
2471:. 3 December 2019.
2184:on 3 November 2021
2150:on 15 January 2020
1722:Vaccine resistance
1679:Sunhak Peace Prize
1672:Carl-Erik Grimstad
1483:
1472:
1170:competitive market
1059:Al Ansari Exchange
796:Audacious Alliance
294:
93:
4652:
4651:
4564:Vaccines and SIDS
4451:
4450:
4225:Hepatitis A and B
4201:Varicella zoster
3658:Subunit/component
3512:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3415:
3414:
3407:Fulbright Program
3329:Erasmus Programme
3190:Mikhail Gorbachev
3108:Laureates of the
3073:GAVI Vaccine Fund
2916:on 9 October 2020
2651:. 26 August 2019.
2411:"Vaccine support"
1668:Nobel Peace Prize
1650:In January 2022,
1614:COVID-19 pandemic
1604:COVID-19 pandemic
1520:Julian Lob-Levitt
1486:programs such as
1376:corporate welfare
1352:
1351:
1344:
1230:Rotavirus vaccine
1118:
1117:
806:Red Nose Day Fund
567:and Patty Quillin
214:
213:
188:Dagfinn Høybråten
91:
90:
61:largely based on
21:Gavi (footballer)
4687:
4543:MMR autism fraud
4490:Maurice Hilleman
4475:Hilary Koprowski
3783:
3782:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3516:
3515:
3421:
3420:
3380:and the Spanish
3273:Rigoberta Menchú
3119:
3118:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3079:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3066:Official website
3052:
3051:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2850:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2493:on 13 April 2020
2489:. Archived from
2479:
2473:
2472:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2438:. Archived from
2436:Nature News Blog
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2407:
2401:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2343:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2180:. Archived from
2169:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2102:on 16 March 2013
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2076:on 11 March 2015
2066:
2060:
2059:
2049:
2017:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1943:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1908:
1882:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1856:
1832:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1780:. Archived from
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1745:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1670:by Norwegian MP
1633:COVID-19 vaccine
1591:
1579:
1445:Gates Foundation
1392:adapted vaccines
1347:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1020:
1018:
1017:
972:
970:
969:
944:
942:
941:
906:
904:
903:
878:
876:
875:
860:
858:
857:
832:
830:
829:
784:
782:
781:
756:
754:
753:
718:
716:
715:
700:
698:
697:
672:
670:
669:
654:
652:
651:
618:
616:
615:
600:
598:
597:
582:
580:
579:
553:
551:
550:
535:
533:
532:
507:
505:
504:
489:
487:
486:
471:
469:
468:
453:
451:
450:
435:
433:
432:
417:
415:
414:
399:
397:
396:
381:
379:
378:
363:
361:
360:
345:
343:
342:
317:
315:
314:
299:
293:
223:(previously the
210:
207:
205:
194:, Anuradha Gupta
128:
126:
121:
103:
96:
92:
86:
83:
77:
63:routine coverage
43:
42:
35:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4632:Clinical trials
4611:
4580:
4519:
4495:Stanley Plotkin
4457:
4447:
4359:Cancer vaccines
4342:
4336:Schistosomiasis
4314:
4308:Trypanosomiasis
4281:
4245:Cytomegalovirus
4155:Pfizer–BioNTech
3950:
3774:
3723:Vaccine wastage
3693:
3621:
3573:
3543:
3513:
3504:
3486:Ellen MacArthur
3446:Paris Agreement
3426:
3411:
3299:Valeri Polyakov
3152:Contadora group
3124:
3113:
3106:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3055:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2969:Washington Post
2962:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2884:theguardian.com
2878:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2819:
2812:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2741:on 21 June 2020
2729:
2728:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2614:
2610:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2578:on 17 June 2020
2566:
2565:
2561:
2546:
2542:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2399:Wayback Machine
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2213:. 14 June 2011.
2205:
2204:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2170:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2070:"GAVI Alliance"
2068:
2067:
2063:
2018:
1989:
1944:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1833:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1784:on 5 April 2022
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1735:
1699:Medicine portal
1697:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1660:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1580:
1560:
1552:
1501:supported HSS;
1461:measles vaccine
1453:
1364:GlaxoSmithKline
1362:, arguing that
1348:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1317:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1225:Cholera vaccine
1220:Typhoid vaccine
1181:
1161:
1149:
1079:
1077:
1043:
1041:
1015:
1013:
967:
965:
939:
937:
901:
899:
873:
871:
855:
853:
827:
825:
779:
777:
751:
749:
713:
711:
695:
693:
667:
665:
649:
647:
613:
611:
595:
593:
577:
575:
548:
546:
530:
528:
502:
500:
484:
482:
466:
464:
448:
446:
430:
428:
412:
410:
394:
392:
376:
374:
358:
356:
340:
338:
312:
310:
296:
292:
202:
176:
169:
124:
122:
119:
110:
87:
81:
78:
67:
52:a press release
44:
40:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4693:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4533:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4510:Katalin Karikó
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4324:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4265:Herpes simplex
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4219:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4165:Sinopharm BIBP
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4115:Bharat Biotech
4112:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3738:Vaccine injury
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3701:
3699:
3698:Administration
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3672:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3542:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3519:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3438:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3403:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3374:
3368:
3355:(Mozambique),
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3283:
3269:Fatiha Boudiaf
3253:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3221:
3215:
3213:Nelson Mandela
3205:
3198:
3192:
3186:Jacques Delors
3182:
3176:
3170:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3059:
3058:External links
3056:
3054:
3053:
3033:
3009:
2983:
2955:
2927:
2897:
2871:
2862:
2810:
2781:(5): 407–412.
2761:
2752:
2722:
2708:
2690:
2672:
2654:
2636:
2627:
2608:
2589:
2559:
2540:
2522:
2504:
2474:
2453:
2423:
2402:
2384:
2367:"Gavi – About"
2358:
2330:
2305:
2279:
2254:
2237:
2216:
2195:
2161:
2135:
2113:
2087:
2061:
2032:(8): 865–879.
1987:
1958:(4): 246–252.
1927:
1891:(6): e001789.
1868:
1818:
1795:
1763:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1727:Vaccine equity
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1686:
1683:
1659:
1656:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1574:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1550:Market shaping
1548:
1452:
1449:
1350:
1349:
1305:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1165:market failure
1160:
1157:
1148:
1145:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1000:
999:
996:
990:
989:
986:
980:
979:
976:
962:
961:
958:
952:
951:
948:
934:
933:
930:
924:
923:
920:
914:
913:
910:
896:
895:
892:
886:
885:
882:
868:
867:
864:
850:
849:
846:
840:
839:
836:
822:
821:
818:
812:
811:
808:
802:
801:
798:
792:
791:
788:
774:
773:
770:
764:
763:
760:
746:
745:
742:
736:
735:
732:
726:
725:
722:
708:
707:
704:
690:
689:
686:
680:
679:
676:
662:
661:
658:
644:
643:
640:
634:
633:
630:
626:
625:
622:
608:
607:
604:
590:
589:
586:
572:
571:
568:
561:
560:
557:
543:
542:
539:
525:
524:
521:
515:
514:
511:
497:
496:
493:
479:
478:
475:
461:
460:
457:
443:
442:
439:
425:
424:
421:
407:
406:
403:
389:
388:
385:
371:
370:
367:
353:
352:
349:
335:
334:
331:
325:
324:
321:
319:United Kingdom
307:
306:
303:
291:
288:
233:public–private
212:
211:
200:
196:
195:
177:
174:
171:
170:
168:
167:
160:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
116:
112:
111:
104:
89:
88:
56:a news article
47:
45:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4692:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4515:Drew Weissman
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4500:H. Fred Clark
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4470:Louis Pasteur
4468:
4466:
4465:Edward Jenner
4463:
4462:
4460:
4454:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:DTwP-HepB-Hib
4434:
4432:
4431:DTaP-IPV-HepB
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:combination:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4320:Helminthiasis
4317:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:combination:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:DPT/DTwP/DTaP
3917:
3916:
3915:combination:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3828:Meningococcus
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:Leptospirosis
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:Vaccine court
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:GAVI Alliance
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3229:Yasser Arafat
3226:
3225:Yitzhak Rabin
3222:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3158:Raúl Alfonsín
3155:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3013:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2943:
2942:
2941:Straits Times
2937:
2931:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2765:
2756:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2718:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2442:on 6 May 2021
2441:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2347:
2340:
2334:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2294:. 4 June 2020
2293:
2289:
2283:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2123:
2117:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1806:
1799:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1751:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1689:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1597:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:Major donors
1491:
1489:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1346:
1343:
1335:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1267:
1266:Ebola vaccine
1264:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Polio vaccine
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1124:from Norway.
1121:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
995:
992:
991:
987:
985:
982:
981:
977:
975:
964:
963:
959:
957:
954:
953:
949:
947:
936:
935:
931:
929:
926:
925:
921:
919:
916:
915:
911:
909:
898:
897:
893:
891:
890:LDS Charities
888:
887:
883:
881:
870:
869:
865:
863:
852:
851:
847:
845:
842:
841:
837:
835:
824:
823:
819:
817:
814:
813:
809:
807:
804:
803:
799:
797:
794:
793:
789:
787:
776:
775:
771:
769:
766:
765:
761:
759:
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
737:
733:
731:
728:
727:
723:
721:
710:
709:
705:
703:
692:
691:
687:
685:
682:
681:
677:
675:
664:
663:
659:
657:
646:
645:
641:
639:
636:
635:
631:
628:
627:
623:
621:
610:
609:
605:
603:
592:
591:
587:
585:
574:
573:
569:
566:
565:Reed Hastings
563:
562:
558:
556:
545:
544:
540:
538:
527:
526:
522:
520:
517:
516:
512:
510:
499:
498:
494:
492:
481:
480:
476:
474:
463:
462:
458:
456:
445:
444:
440:
438:
427:
426:
422:
420:
409:
408:
404:
402:
391:
390:
386:
384:
373:
372:
368:
366:
355:
354:
350:
348:
337:
336:
332:
330:
327:
326:
322:
320:
309:
308:
304:
301:
300:
297:US$ million
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
252:
250:
246:
242:
237:
234:
230:
226:
225:GAVI Alliance
222:
219:, officially
218:
209:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:Sania Nishtar
178:
172:
166:, Switzerland
165:
162:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
117:
113:
108:
102:
97:
85:
82:December 2020
75:
71:
65:
64:
58:
57:
53:
48:This article
46:
37:
36:
33:
29:
22:
4592:Epidemiology
4568:
4540:
4426:DTaP-IPV/Hib
4217:Yellow fever
4130:EpiVacCorona
3882:Tuberculosis
3855:Pneumococcal
3823:Lyme disease
3707:
3651:Heterologous
3550:Immunization
3473:
3468:Khan Academy
3388:Bill Drayton
3363:(Mali), and
3359:(Tanzania),
3295:Chiaki Mukai
3265:Graça Machel
3235:Mário Soares
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2735:www.gavi.org
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2346:www.gavi.org
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2321:. Retrieved
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2270:. Retrieved
2267:www.gavi.org
2266:
2257:
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2182:the original
2178:Humanosphere
2177:
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2100:the original
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1775:
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1649:
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1637:
1626:
1610:Seth Berkley
1607:
1561:
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1528:Seth Berkley
1516:
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1488:primary care
1484:
1459:Preparing a
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1095:Other donors
946:South Africa
768:Comic Relief
534:
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228:
224:
220:
216:
215:
184:Seth Berkley
141:Legal status
79:
68:Please help
60:
49:
32:
4628:from market
4524:Controversy
4458:researchers
4374:Hepatitis B
4260:Hepatitis C
4205:Chicken pox
4031:Hepatitis E
4026:Hepatitis B
4021:Hepatitis A
3967:Chikungunya
3944:Shigellosis
3798:Brucellosis
3684:Therapeutic
3638:Inactivated
3578:Development
3566:Inoculation
3558:Vaccination
3464:Salman Khan
3335:Simone Veil
3287:Pedro Duque
3257:Emma Bonino
3241:Helmut Kohl
3180:Óscar Arias
3023:Aftenposten
2910:reuters.com
2572:A fair shot
1643:equipment.
1536:cold chains
1419:cold chains
1260:Hepatitis B
956:Girl Effect
862:New Zealand
620:South Korea
537:Switzerland
455:Netherlands
152:Vaccination
59:and may be
50:reads like
4659:Categories
4559:Thiomersal
4505:Paul Offit
4480:Jonas Salk
4456:Inventors/
4327:research:
4304:research:
4241:research:
4170:Skycovione
4160:Sanofi–GSK
4105:SARS-CoV-2
4016:Hantavirus
3977:rVSV-ZEBOV
3962:Adenovirus
3930:research:
3808:Diphtheria
3646:Attenuated
3450:2017: The
3315:2002: The
3291:John Glenn
3281:Somaly Mam
3047:Dagsavisen
2976:13 October
2948:27 January
2833:: 100033.
2827:Vaccine: X
2745:15 January
2377:24 October
2154:15 January
2128:15 January
2106:27 January
2080:15 January
1807:. Guardian
1756:25 January
1733:References
1641:cold chain
1511:Bill Gates
1479:Bill Gates
1443:, and the
1410:Bill Gates
1366:(GSK) and
1309:neutrality
1258:(Type B),
1244:Diphtheria
880:Luxembourg
272:World Bank
241:diphtheria
175:Key people
4638:Phase III
4626:Withdrawn
4554:Pox party
4364:ALVAC-CEA
4286:Protozoan
4175:Sputnik V
4125:CoronaVac
4095:Rotavirus
3993:Pandemrix
3845:Pertussis
3786:Bacterial
3670:Synthetic
3633:Conjugate
3585:Adjuvants
3562:Infection
3436:Knowledge
3002:4 October
2920:4 October
2890:4 October
2263:"Funding"
1920:4 October
1354:In 2011,
1332:June 2023
1320:talk page
1252:pertussis
1103:Deferrals
473:Australia
305:Proceeds
4396:Prostvac
4389:Gardasil
4384:Cervarix
4331:Hookworm
4210:Shingles
4192:Smallpox
4110:Corbevax
4046:Gardasil
4041:Cervarix
3779:Vaccines
3733:Schedule
3704:Global:
3612:Timeline
3554:Vaccines
3466:and the
3444:and the
3249:and the
2857:31384748
2805:29278610
2582:12 April
2497:12 April
2446:12 April
2416:12 March
2395:Archived
2371:gavi.org
2292:cnbc.com
2188:12 April
2056:25156323
1982:26612851
1915:31908857
1863:31679863
1811:29 April
1685:See also
1505:and the
1469:Ethiopia
1313:disputed
1086:Colombia
816:Unilever
290:Sponsors
157:Location
72:and add
4585:Related
4531:General
4293:Malaria
4180:Valneva
4145:Novavax
4140:Moderna
4135:Janssen
4120:CanSino
4100:Rubella
4058:Measles
3924:Td/Tdap
3894:Typhoid
3877:Tetanus
3872:Q fever
3803:Cholera
3793:Anthrax
3662:Peptide
3626:Classes
3607:Storage
3367:(Ghana)
3347:Al Gore
3204:(UNHCR)
2848:6668221
2796:5916462
2047:4166931
1973:6281386
1906:6936423
1841:Vaccine
1752:. Devex
1499:Britain
1426:duopoly
1384:markups
1248:tetanus
1050:Iceland
908:Finland
674:Denmark
656:Ireland
383:Germany
231:) is a
199:Website
123: (
115:Founded
4621:WHO-EM
4541:Lancet
4418:TA-NIC
4403:NicVAX
4250:Dengue
4090:Rabies
3911:Typhus
3850:Plague
3728:Policy
3689:Toxoid
3617:Trials
3497:2024:
3494:(DNDi)
3490:2023:
3484:2022:
3478:2021:
3472:2020:
3462:2019:
3456:2018:
3440:2016:
3434:2015:
3405:2014:
3398:2013:
3392:2012:
3386:2011:
3376:2010:
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3132:1981:
2855:
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2803:
2793:
2373:. GAVI
2318:gov.uk
2054:
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1980:
1970:
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1788:26 May
1658:Awards
1495:Norway
1441:UNICEF
1368:Pfizer
1114:8,804
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1022:Monaco
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4549:NCVIA
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4298:RTS,S
4078:Sabin
4073:Polio
4068:Mumps
3972:Ebola
3955:Viral
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3713:NITAG
3642:Live
3501:(OEI)
2342:(PDF)
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1712:COVAX
1629:COVAX
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1111:Total
1106:−714
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720:Qatar
555:Spain
509:Japan
437:Italy
302:Donor
206:.gavi
149:Focus
109:logos
4275:Zika
4235:MMRV
4083:Salk
4063:Mpox
4009:LAIV
4004:H5N8
3999:H5N1
3989:H1N1
3865:PPSV
3748:ACIP
3744:US:
3718:SAGE
3679:mRNA
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