652:). Same number of loops (2) & jet pumps (20), but the jet pumps were upgraded to a five nozzle design. Variable speed pumps were replaced with two-speed pumps (each rated at 35,400 US gallons per minute (2.23 m/s) for a discharge pressure head of 865 feet (264 m)), and a flow control valve (adjustable from 22% open to 100% open with a linear flow response) was added to each loop for use in regulating recirculation flow (capable of regulating recirculation flow between 35% and 100% with the pumps in the fast speed setting, or between 30% and 40% with the pumps in the slow speed setting). Improved ECCS valve flow control. Only available with Mark II containment.
779:
465:
626:
564:(6×6, 7×7) reactor followed Big Rock Point, returning to the more efficient forced circulation method (via external recirculation pumps). These experimental designs (all of which shared the BWR-1 classification despite their divergent designs) used fuel rod bundles in 6×6, 7×7, 8×8, 9×9, 11×11, and 12×12 configurations, but GE's 9×9 bundle later used in BWR/2–6 reactors is different from the one used in the BWR/1 era. The BWR/1 was the first BWR design with internal steam separation. It also had an isolation condenser, and pressure suppression containment.
792:
895:
812:
3021:
663:(44 kW/m)), improved compact jet pumps with higher circulation capacity (available with 16–24 total jet pumps depending on the configuration), increased capacity of the steam separators and dryers, increased fuel capacity, increased output (20% increase vs. BWR/5 when using the same size pressure vessels), improved ECCS, introduced an option for a compact control room, and introduced a solid-state nuclear system protection system option (only
25:
3009:
3033:
519:, loss of reactor core cooling led to three nuclear meltdowns, three hydrogen explosions, and the release of radioactive contamination in Units 1, 2 and 3 between 12 and 15 March. Safe operation of this reactor design family depends on continued coolant flow at all times during operation. A reactor after a full-power shutdown may require active cooling of
874:
BWR designs operate constantly at about half the primary system pressure of PWR designs while producing the same quantity and quality of steam in a compact system: 1020 psi (7 MPa) reactor vessel pressure, and 288 °C temperature for BWR which is lower than 2240 psi (14.4 MPa) and 326 °C for
590:). Included a large direct cycle. 5 recirculation loops, variable speed external recirculation pumps (one pump per loop, each pump's flow rate could be varied from 6,400 to 32,000 US gallons per minute (0.40 to 2.02 m/s)). This design, as well as the BWR/3–6, would all later be classified as
926:
Steam generated in a BWR contains trace amounts of radioactive materials, as a result, large portions of the
Turbine Building are compartmentalized to prevent radiation exposure to workers. PWR Turbine Buildings, on the other hand, are essentially the same as a fossil fuel power plant's Turbine
858:
One advantage of the BWR design (compared to PWR) is improved load-following by virtue of control rod manipulation combined with changing the recirculation flow rate. The integration of the turbine pressure regulator and control system with the recirculation flow control system allows automatic
827:
The GE Mark III Containment-system is a single barrier pressure containment and multi-barrier fission containment system, consisting of the containment vessel plus associated dry- and wetwell (pressure and fission barriers), the external shield building of it, the auxiliary building and the fuel
511:
in Japan, which consisted of six boiling water reactors of GE design. The reactors for Units 1, 2, and 6 were supplied by
General Electric, the other three by Toshiba and Hitachi. Unit 1 was a 460 MW boiling water reactor from the BWR-3 design iteration introduced in 1965 and constructed in July
662:
BWR Type 6 (BWR-6, BWR/6): Introduced in 1972, available in configurations ranging from 600–1400 MW. Transitioned from 7×7 to 8×8 fuel bundle with longer and thinner fuel rods that fit within the same external footprint as the previous 7×7 fuel bundle, reduced fuel duty (to 13.4 kW/ft
608:). First use of internal jet pumps (single nozzle, 10 per loop, 20 total). 2 recirculation loops, variable speed recirculation pumps (one pump per loop, each pump had a rated flow of 45,200 US gallons per minute (2.85 m/s)). Improved ECCS spray and flood, improved feedwater spargers.
548:(6Ă—6, 7Ă—7) reactor, embodying the first iteration of GE's BWR/1 design. Dresden 1 used forced circulation (via external recirculation pumps) and a unique dual cycle (direct+indirect) heat transfer design that proved to be uneconomical. GE further developed the BWR-1 design with the 70 MW
552:(9Ă—9, 11Ă—11, 12Ă—12) reactor, which (like all GE BWR models following Dresden 1) used the more economical direct cycle method of heat transfer, but disposed with the external recirculation pumps in favor of natural circulation (an unusual strategy that only the 55 MW
3079:
490:
The progenitor of the BWR line was the 5 MW Vallecitos
Boiling Water Reactor (VBWR), brought online in October 1957. Six design iterations, BWR-1 through BWR-6, were introduced between 1955 and 1972.
819:
Described as an "over-under" configuration with the drywell forming a truncated cone on a concrete slab. Below is a cylindrical suppression chamber made of concrete rather than just sheet metal.
868:
Jet pumps internal to the reactor vessel provide 2/3rds of the recirculation flow, allowing the external recirculation flow loop to be small and compact compared to contemporary PWR designs.
3074:
1784:
862:
Bottom-entry bottom-mounted control rods allow refueling without removal of the control rods and drives, while also allowing drive testing with an open vessel prior to fuel loading.
1070:"Moore, R.S., and K.J. Notz. Physical Characteristics of GE (General Electric) BWR (boiling-Water Reactor) Fuel Assemblies. United States: N. p., 1989. Web. doi:10.2172/5898210"
493:
This was followed by the
Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) introduced in the 1990s and the Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR) introduced in the early 2010s.
2370:
638:). Largely similar to the BWR/3 in design with an identical recirculation system, but power density was increased by 20%. Available with either Mark I or Mark II containment.
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1972:
1499:
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1182:
693:: Passive safety, natural circulation (no loops or pumps), 1600 MW. It has a gravity flooder, isolation condenser, and passive containment cooling.
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1479:
1801:
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1567:
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2070:
878:
Steam is generated in the reactor pressure vessel in a BWR, whereas it is generated in the steam generator on a second loop in a PWR.
649:
2309:
2520:
2360:
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758:
8x8 fuel bundle with 58 to 62 fuel rods and 2-6 water rods. Prepressurized at 5 standard atmospheres (510 kPa) with helium.
583:
2440:
2265:
1494:
962:
680:: Higher safety margins, no external recirculation loops, reactor internal pumps. It also has fine motion control rod drives.
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516:
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89:
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1225:
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635:
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61:
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1600:
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46:
250:
68:
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2365:
1789:
1717:
828:
building, all of which are normally kept at negative pressure which prevents the egress of fission products.
613:
553:
496:
As of August 2018, 83 reactors of this design family have been built, of which 67 reactors are operational.
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for their increased scale, improved safety features, commercial viability, profitability, and long lifetime.
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75:
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532:
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2685:
2597:
1806:
1692:
1652:
1464:
57:
1127:
738:
Retrofit 8x8 fuel bundle
Prepressurized and Barrier fuel bundles containing 62 and two water rods.
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2815:
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2404:
2181:
1987:
1910:
1867:
1850:
1811:
1734:
803:
which resembles an inverted lightbulb above the wetwell which is a steel torus containing water.
275:
42:
35:
2773:
2680:
1967:
1511:
1000:
952:
163:
152:
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2710:
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2127:
2055:
1982:
1977:
1942:
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1094:
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591:
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190:
147:
131:
2885:
2660:
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1962:
1920:
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1662:
1590:
942:
800:
778:
544:
BWR Type 1 (BWR-1, BWR/1): In 1955 GE developed their original VBWR design into the 197 MW
464:
8:
2984:
2795:
2580:
2174:
2042:
2020:
1845:
1702:
1469:
1431:
1264:
625:
270:
179:
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2700:
2537:
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1895:
1879:
1862:
1506:
1396:
1344:
1294:
1241:
629:
Browns Ferry Unit 1 drywell and wetwell under construction, within a Mark I containment
556:
reactor adopted, although this technique has been resurrected for the newest Gen III+
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1825:
1712:
1687:
1625:
1582:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1259:
1069:
290:
616:
had significantly lower power ratings despite also being classified as BWR/3 models.
82:
2880:
1935:
1900:
1657:
1647:
1535:
1523:
1364:
1359:
1349:
1339:
1334:
1073:
838:
Lower pressure containment design, but significant larger volume than Mark I and II
472:
201:
128:
791:
748:
Prepressurized at 3 standard atmospheres (300 kPa) with helium with a
Barrier
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2738:
2192:
2006:
1930:
1905:
1751:
1544:
1446:
1436:
1401:
1279:
1269:
484:
483:
represents the designs of a relatively large (~18%) percentage of the commercial
2270:
859:
power changes of up to 25% of rated power without altering control rod settings.
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2728:
2723:
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937:
246:
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1311:
2895:
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2132:
1639:
1610:
811:
242:
894:
3080:
Nuclear power stations using
Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactors
2248:
520:
718:
Improved 7x7 fuel bundle with 49 fuel rods, one of which is segmented.
2890:
2253:
2243:
1371:
1324:
1289:
1210:
871:
Under loss of coolant jet pumps provide 10% power similar to boilers.
667:
took this). First and only model available with Mark III containment.
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24:
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1005:
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2142:
2117:
1557:
1388:
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1354:
1319:
848:-type) with the typical BWR-pressure suppression type containment
235:
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690:
557:
295:
167:
3075:
Nuclear power stations using advanced boiling water reactors
499:
The design garnered world attention in the aftermath of the
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2339:
2149:
2107:
677:
156:
2423:
2287:
574:
BWR Type 2 (BWR-2, BWR/2): Introduced in 1963, >500 MW
523:
from long-lived radioactive isotopes for a year or more.
648:
BWR Type 5 (BWR-5, BWR/5): Introduced in 1969, 1100 MW (
634:
BWR Type 4 (BWR-4, BWR/4): Introduced in 1966, 1100 MW (
507:
of 11 March 2011. GE had been a major contractor to the
604:
BWR Type 3 (BWR-3, BWR/3): Introduced in 1965, 800 MW (
1183:"BWR/6 General Description of a Boiling Water Reactor"
1126:
Hylko, James M.; Peltier, Robert (1 November 2010).
1033:"Nuclear Power Reactors in the World – 2015 Edition"
927:
Building with all equipment accessible at all times.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1973:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
1025:
728:8x8 fuel bundle with 63 fuel rods and 1 water rod.
3051:
515:After the plant became severely damaged in the
881:BWR allows for bulk boiling while PWR doesn't.
865:BWR allow lower primary coolant flow than PWR.
2676:Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)
1226:
782:Schematic GE BWR inside a Mark I containment.
468:Schematic GE BWR inside a Mark I containment.
1125:
531:The progenitor of the BWR line was the 5 MW
1121:
1119:
1117:
1038:. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
1233:
1219:
221:83 reactors built, 67 reactors operational
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1067:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1057:
1055:
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795:Schematic BWR inside Mark I containment.
790:
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535:(VBWR), brought online in October 1957.
463:
3052:
2603:Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)
1240:
2845:
2608:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)
2017:
2004:
1214:
1177:
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1173:
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963:Economics of new nuclear power plants
509:Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
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2005:
889:
774:Boiling water reactor safety systems
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2613:Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)
831:Features of the containment :
697:
228:Main parameters of the reactor core
13:
3065:Nuclear power in the United States
2422:
1573:Positron-emission tomography (PET)
1170:
505:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
16:Type of commercial fission reactor
14:
3091:
1596:Neutron capture therapy of cancer
1495:Radioisotope thermoelectric (RTG)
815:BWR inside a Mark II containment.
271:Neutron energy spectrum
3031:
3020:
3019:
3007:
2696:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)
1068:Moore, R.S.; Notz, K.J. (1989).
973:Reduced moderation water reactor
893:
885:
533:Vallecitos Boiling Water Reactor
282:Primary control method
23:
1785:Historical stockpiles and tests
742:
34:needs additional citations for
2686:Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)
1568:Single-photon emission (SPECT)
1153:"Boiling Water Reactor Basics"
1145:
844:Combines the dry containment (
767:
1:
3014:Nuclear technology portal
1018:
852:
517:TĹŤhoku earthquake and tsunami
2876:Field-reversed configuration
2486:Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz
1128:"The Evolution of the ESBWR"
1011:Kerena boiling water reactor
978:Advanced Heavy Water Reactor
7:
3060:Nuclear power reactor types
2833:Aircraft Reactor Experiment
2018:
1780:States with nuclear weapons
931:
822:
10:
3096:
2846:
2671:Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)
1795:Tests in the United States
958:Nuclear safety in the U.S.
806:
771:
526:
3001:
2957:
2909:
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2856:
2808:
2796:Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)
2709:
2691:Reduced-moderation (RMWR)
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2639:
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2506:
2498:Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)
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2013:
2000:
1955:
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1833:
1824:
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1680:
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1638:
1581:
1543:
1534:
1455:
1387:
1310:
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968:Pressurized water reactor
841:Improved pipe whip design
835:Improved seismic response
786:
578:, typically around 650 MW
392:
322:
318:Generation of electricity
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217:
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197:
186:
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139:
123:
2701:Dual fluid reactor (DFR)
2317:Steam-generating (SGHWR)
1653:Electron-beam processing
982:Other Gen III+ designs:
684:
656:
642:
620:
598:
568:
538:
223:(As of August 2018)
2816:Organic nuclear reactor
1988:Nuclear power phase-out
1911:Nuclear decommissioning
1851:Reactor-grade plutonium
1601:Targeted alpha-particle
1480:Accidents and incidents
762:
752:
732:
722:
712:
702:
671:
3070:Boiling water reactors
1102:Cite journal requires
953:Generation III reactor
816:
796:
783:
630:
592:Generation II reactors
481:boiling water reactors
469:
1978:Anti-nuclear movement
948:Generation II reactor
814:
794:
781:
628:
467:
191:Boiling water reactor
132:Boiling Water Reactor
2886:Reversed field pinch
2681:Traveling-wave (TWR)
2165:Supercritical (SCWR)
1663:Gemstone irradiation
943:Generation I reactor
801:containment building
144:Generation I (BWR-1)
43:improve this article
2051:Aqueous homogeneous
1846:Reprocessed uranium
1519:Safety and security
180:Light water reactor
2965:Dense plasma focus
1880:Actinide chemistry
1345:Isotope separation
1242:Nuclear technology
1195:on 5 February 2018
905:. You can help by
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797:
784:
631:
487:around the world.
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2944:Magnetized-target
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1996:
1995:
1951:
1950:
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1807:Weapon-free zones
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1633:
1626:Radiopharmacology
923:
922:
588:Nine Mile Point 1
462:
461:
291:Primary moderator
119:
118:
111:
93:
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3035:
3034:
3023:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3010:
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2881:Levitated dipole
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2843:
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2791:Helium gas (GFR)
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2015:
2014:
2007:Nuclear reactors
2002:
2001:
1901:High-level (HLW)
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1830:
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1658:Food irradiation
1648:Atomic gardening
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1524:Nuclear meltdown
1350:Nuclear material
1340:Fissile material
1335:Fertile material
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1249:
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1188:. Archived from
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1072:. Web.ornl.gov.
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1045:
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915:
897:
890:
708:7x7 fuel bundle.
698:Fuel Rod Bundles
636:Browns Ferry 1–3
485:fission reactors
477:BWR product line
473:General Electric
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393:Power (electric)
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236:fissile material
213:General Electric
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202:General Electric
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129:General Electric
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2196:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2083:Natural fission
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2036:
2024:
2019:
2009:
1992:
1968:Nuclear weapons
1947:
1906:Low-level (LLW)
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1079:10.2172/5898210
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1026:
1021:
934:
919:
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903:needs expansion
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323:Power (thermal)
302:Primary coolant
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209:Manufactured by
208:
176:Reactor concept
164:Generation III+
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98:
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2975:Muon-catalyzed
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2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2666:Integral (IFR)
2663:
2657:
2651:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2417:
2410:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2186:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2011:
2010:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1983:Uranium mining
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:Minor actinide
1853:
1848:
1837:
1835:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1553:Autoradiograph
1549:
1547:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Atomic nucleus
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1169:
1144:
1132:POWER Magazine
1113:
1104:|journal=
1049:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
933:
930:
929:
928:
921:
920:
900:
898:
887:
884:
883:
882:
879:
876:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
854:
851:
850:
849:
842:
839:
836:
824:
821:
808:
805:
788:
785:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
754:
751:
750:
749:
744:
741:
740:
739:
734:
731:
730:
729:
724:
721:
720:
719:
714:
711:
710:
709:
704:
701:
699:
696:
695:
694:
686:
683:
682:
681:
673:
670:
669:
668:
658:
655:
654:
653:
644:
641:
640:
639:
622:
619:
618:
617:
600:
597:
596:
595:
579:
575:
570:
567:
566:
565:
550:Big Rock Point
540:
537:
528:
525:
460:
459:
454:
446:
438:
430:
422:
414:
406:
398:
394:
390:
389:
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
324:
320:
319:
316:
312:
311:
307:
306:
305:Liquid (water)
303:
299:
298:
293:
287:
286:
283:
279:
278:
273:
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
240:
230:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
211:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
188:
184:
183:
177:
173:
172:
153:Generation III
141:
137:
136:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3092:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3040:
3039:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2932:electrostatic
2930:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2711:Generation IV
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Breeder (FBR)
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2638:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2394:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:Nuclear power
1961:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1943:Transmutation
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:high-altitude
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1730:Proliferation
1728:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Brachytherapy
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:Cross section
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1191:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1154:
1148:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1096:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
938:Nuclear power
936:
935:
925:
924:
917:
908:
904:
901:This section
899:
896:
892:
891:
886:Disadvantages
880:
877:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
857:
856:
847:
843:
840:
837:
834:
833:
832:
829:
820:
813:
804:
802:
793:
780:
775:
757:
756:
747:
746:
737:
736:
727:
726:
717:
716:
707:
706:
692:
689:
688:
679:
676:
675:
666:
661:
660:
651:
647:
646:
637:
633:
632:
627:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:
593:
589:
585:
573:
572:
563:
560:). The 65 MW
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:
536:
534:
524:
522:
518:
513:
510:
506:
502:
497:
494:
491:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
466:
395:
391:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:Reactor usage
308:
304:
300:
297:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:
237:
231:
226:
220:
216:
212:
206:
203:
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
178:
174:
169:
165:
158:
154:
149:
148:Generation II
142:
138:
133:
130:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3036:
3024:
3005:
2985:Pyroelectric
2939:Laser-driven
2719:Sodium (SFR)
2646:fast-neutron
2485:
2060:
2031:
1921:Reprocessing
1802:WMD treaties
1621:Radiosurgery
1591:Fast-neutron
1563:Scintigraphy
1197:. Retrieved
1190:the original
1160:. Retrieved
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:
1095:cite journal
1083:. Retrieved
1040:. Retrieved
1027:
911:
907:adding to it
902:
830:
826:
818:
798:
743:GE-6 & 7
584:Oyster Creek
562:Humboldt Bay
530:
514:
498:
495:
492:
489:
476:
471:
285:Control rods
187:Reactor line
105:
99:January 2014
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2896:Stellarator
2860:confinement
2754:Superphénix
2581:Molten-salt
2533:VHTR (HTGR)
2310:HW BLWR 250
2276:R4 Marviken
2205:Pressurized
2175:Heavy water
2159:many others
2088:Pressurized
2043:Light water
1745:underground
1703:Disarmament
1611:Tomotherapy
1606:Proton-beam
1470:Power plant
1432:Temperature
1265:Engineering
768:Containment
650:LaSalle 1–2
606:Dresden 2–3
315:Primary use
296:Light water
198:Designed by
3054:Categories
2921:(acoustic)
2538:PBR (PBMR)
1926:Spent fuel
1916:Repository
1896:Fuel cycle
1863:Activation
1640:Processing
1507:Propulsion
1465:by country
1397:Activation
1162:11 January
1042:26 October
1019:References
914:April 2018
853:Advantages
799:A drywell
772:See also:
610:Monticello
521:decay heat
262:Fuel state
140:Generation
69:newspapers
2891:Spheromak
2590:Fluorides
2254:IPHWR-700
2249:IPHWR-540
2244:IPHWR-220
2033:Moderator
1713:Explosion
1688:Arms race
1475:Economics
1427:Reflector
1422:Radiation
1417:Generator
1372:Plutonium
1325:Deuterium
1290:Radiation
1260:Chemistry
1158:. Edf.com
614:Pilgrim 1
554:Dodewaard
546:Dresden 1
3026:Category
2980:Polywell
2911:Inertial
2868:Magnetic
2623:TMSR-LF1
2618:TMSR-500
2598:Fuji MSR
2558:THTR-300
2398:Graphite
2261:PHWR KWU
2227:ACR-1000
2155:IPWR-900
2138:ACPR1000
2133:HPR-1000
2123:CPR-1000
2098:APR-1400
1889:Disposal
1841:Actinide
1834:Products
1693:Delivery
1536:Medicine
1365:depleted
1360:enriched
1330:Helium-3
1295:ionizing
1199:24 March
1137:24 March
1006:VVER-TOI
932:See also
823:Mark III
503:level 7
58:"GE BWR"
3038:Commons
2949:Z-pinch
2919:Bubble
2901:Tokamak
2764:FBR-600
2744:CFR-600
2739:BN-1200
2405:coolant
2332:Organic
2217:CANDU 9
2214:CANDU 6
2182:coolant
2143:ACP1000
2118:CAP1400
2056:Boiling
2021:Fission
1868:Fission
1812:Weapons
1752:Warfare
1735:Testing
1725:History
1718:effects
1673:Weapons
1583:Therapy
1558:RadBall
1545:Imaging
1437:Thermal
1402:Capture
1389:Neutron
1377:Thorium
1355:Uranium
1320:Tritium
1300:braking
1280:Fission
1270:Physics
1253:Science
1085:5 April
996:US-APWR
807:Mark II
665:Clinton
582:gross (
527:History
512:1967.
457:(ESBWR)
453:1600 MW
445:1400 MW
441:(BWR-6)
437:1150 MW
433:(BWR-5)
429:1050 MW
425:(BWR-4)
417:(BWR-3)
409:(BWR-2)
401:(BWR-1)
387:(ESBWR)
383:4500 MW
375:4000 MW
371:(BWR-6)
367:3400 MW
363:(BWR-5)
359:3100 MW
355:(BWR-4)
351:3000 MW
347:(BWR-3)
343:2400 MW
339:(BWR-2)
335:1500 MW
331:(BWR-1)
276:Thermal
83:scholar
2849:Fusion
2809:Others
2749:Phénix
2734:BN-800
2729:BN-600
2724:BN-350
2553:HTR-PM
2548:HTR-10
2528:UHTREX
2493:Magnox
2488:(UNGG)
2381:Lucens
2376:KS 150
2113:ATMEA1
2093:AP1000
2076:Kerena
1956:Debate
1708:Ethics
1698:Design
1681:Topics
1512:rocket
1490:Fusion
1485:Policy
1447:Fusion
1407:Poison
1285:Fusion
986:AP1000
787:Mark I
449:(ABWR)
421:784 MW
413:460 MW
405:650 MW
397:160 MW
379:(ABWR)
327:530 MW
234:Fuel (
218:Status
124:GE BWR
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2970:Migma
2958:Other
2927:Fusor
2826:Piqua
2821:Arbus
2779:PRISM
2521:MHR-T
2516:GTMHR
2446:EGP-6
2441:AMB-X
2416:Water
2361:HWGCR
2300:HWLWR
2239:IPHWR
2210:CANDU
2071:ESBWR
1826:Waste
1790:Tests
1773:Lists
1757:Yield
1500:MMRTG
1457:Power
1193:(PDF)
1186:(PDF)
1156:(PDF)
1036:(PDF)
691:ESBWR
685:ESBWR
657:BWR-6
643:BWR-5
621:BWR-4
599:BWR-3
569:BWR-2
558:ESBWR
539:BWR-1
265:Solid
193:(BWR)
182:(LWR)
168:ESBWR
90:JSTOR
76:books
2786:Lead
2769:CEFR
2759:PFBR
2641:None
2451:RBMK
2436:AM-1
2366:EL-4
2340:WR-1
2322:AHWR
2266:MZFR
2234:CVTR
2223:AFCR
2150:VVER
2108:APWR
2103:APR+
2066:ABWR
1936:cask
1931:pool
1873:LLFP
1762:TNTe
1442:Fast
1312:Fuel
1201:2018
1164:2014
1139:2018
1108:help
1087:2017
1044:2017
875:PWR.
763:GE-9
753:GE-8
733:GE-5
723:GE-4
713:GE-3
703:GE-2
678:ABWR
672:ABWR
612:and
501:INES
157:ABWR
62:news
2858:by
2774:PFR
2565:PMR
2543:AVR
2465:Gas
2403:by
2371:KKN
2305:ATR
2220:EC6
2180:by
2128:EPR
2061:BWR
1074:doi
1001:ACR
991:EPR
909:.
846:PWR
479:of
475:'s
255:MOX
251:LEU
45:by
3056::
2508:He
2474:CO
2350:CO
2271:R3
1172:^
1130:.
1116:^
1099::
1097:}}
1093:{{
1052:^
586:,
385:th
377:th
369:th
361:th
353:th
345:th
337:th
329:th
247:Pu
2648:)
2644:(
2476:2
2428:O
2426:2
2424:H
2352:2
2292:O
2290:2
2288:H
2197:O
2195:2
2193:D
1234:e
1227:t
1220:v
1203:.
1166:.
1141:.
1110:)
1106:(
1089:.
1076::
1046:.
916:)
912:(
580:e
576:e
455:e
447:e
439:e
431:e
423:e
415:e
407:e
399:e
257:)
253:/
249:(
245:/
243:U
238:)
170:)
166:(
159:)
155:(
134:)
127:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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