1822:. Duchesne points out that "the Gallican Liturgy in the features which distinguish it from the Roman, betrays all the characteristics of the Eastern Orthodox liturgies," and that "some of its formularies are to be found word for word in the Greek Orthodox texts which were in use in the Churches of the Syro-Byzantine Rite either in the fourth century or somewhat later," and infers from this that, "the Gallican Liturgy is an Oriental liturgy, introduced into the West towards the middle of the fourth century." Duchesne does not, however, note that in certain other important peculiarities the Gallican Liturgy agrees with the Roman where the latter differs from the Oriental. Controverting the third or Roman theory of origin, he stresses that
109:
1551:
2925:, in the 9th century, mentions that at Lyon there were no canticles except from the Psalms, no hymns written by poets, and no lessons except from Scripture. Mabillon says that though in his day Lyon agreed with Rome in many things, especially in the distribution of the Psalter, and admitted lessons from the Acts of the Saints, there were still no hymns except at Complin, and he mentions a similar rule as to hymns at Vienne. But the 767 Council of Tours canon 23 allowed the use of the Ambrosian hymns. Though the Psalter of the second recension of
1530:
84:
1967:
and spread thence to the countries under direct Roman influence, or whether it originated elsewhere and was adopted by Rome, there is no means of knowing. The adoption must have happened when liturgies were in rather a fluid state. The
Gallicans may have carried to an extreme the changes begun at Rome, and may have retained some archaic features which had been later dropped by Rome. During the 4th century – it has been conjectured that it was in the papacy of
5276:
1510:
2024:
were in many respects gradual. Of the three theories of origin, the
Ephesine may be dismissed as practically disproved. To both of the other two the same objection may be urged, that they are largely founded on conjecture and on the critical examination of documents of a much later date than the periods to which the conjectures relate. But at present there is little else to go upon. It may be well to mention also a theory put forward by W. C. Bishop in
3562:
5302:
4514:
1570:
1702:, enough of an independent history to require separate treatment, so that though it will be necessary to allude to both by way of illustration, this article will be devoted primarily to the rite once used in what is now France. Of the origin of the Gallican Rite there are three principal theories, between two of which the controversy is not yet settled. These theories may be termed: the Ephesine, the Ambrosian, and the Roman.
5314:
36:
1540:
3200:
a varied end, and the collect (but not the
Bidding Prayer), and the anointing of the hands with its formula are in the modern Roman Pontifical, but with very large additions. The consecration of bishops began, after an election, with a presentation and recognition, neither of which is in the modern Pontifical. Then followed a long Bidding Prayer, also not adopted in the Roman Rite, and the Consecration Prayer
1520:
5326:
1678:, until the middle or end of the 8th century. There is no information before the 5th century and very little then; and throughout the whole period there was, to judge by existing documents and descriptions, so much diversity that, though the general outlines of the rite were of the same pattern, the name must not be taken to imply more than a very moderate amount of homogeneity. The Rite of
3204:, part of which is embodied in the Preface in the Leonine and Gregorian Sacramentaries, and in the present Pontifical. During this prayer two bishops held the Book of the Gospels over the candidate, and all the bishops laid their hands on his head. Then followed the anointing of the hands, but apparently not of the head as in the modern rite, with a formula which is not in the Roman books.
3587:
3138:. That is to say, a mixed form which does not agree with the more or less contemporary Roman form in the Leonine and Gregorian Sacramentaries, though it contains some Roman prayers, is found in these two books, and it may reasonably be inferred that the differences are of Gallican origin. Moreover, extracts relating to ceremonial are given with them from the
2311:) and several pairs of Bidding Prayers and Collects, the former having the title "Exhortatio" or "Exhortatio Matutina". The Mai fragments begin with part of a Bidding Prayer and contain a fragment of a Contestatio, with that title, and fragments of other prayers, two of which have the title "Post Nomina", and two others which seem to be prayers
2410:. There are eighty-one numbered sections, of which the last is the first prayer of "Missa Romensif cottidiana", with which the manuscript breaks off. The details of Masses in this book are given in the section of the present article on the liturgical year. Masses are all Gallican as to order, but many of the actual prayers are Roman.
2812:." The meaning of manicationes and of the whole statement is obscure. In September there were fourteen psalms, two under each antiphon; in October twenty-four psalms, three to each antiphon; and from December to Easter thirty psalms, three to each antiphon. Caesarius orders six psalms at Prime with the hymn "
3199:
acclamation in
Byzantine ordinations. The Bidding Prayer and collect which follow are both in the present Roman Pontifical, though separated by much additional matter. The ordination of priests was of the same type as that of deacons, with the addition of the anointing of the hands. The address, with
2852:
made up
Vespers, combining the twelfth hour of the Divine Office (that is, of the recitation of the Psalter with its accompaniments) with a service for what, without any intention of levity, one may call "lighting-up time". The Ambrosian and Mozarabic Vespers are constructed on this principle, and so
2471:
are from a manuscript at Autun. There appears to be no reason to doubt that they are genuine. They contain mystical interpretations of the ceremonies of the Mass and of other services. Duchesne says of the descriptions, on which the interpretations are based, that "We may reconstruct from the letters
2122:
between 784 and 791 sent to
Charlemagne at his own request a copy of what was considered to be the Gregorian Sacramentary, but which certainly represented the Roman use of the end of the 8th century. This book, which was far from complete, was edited and supplemented by the addition of a large amount
2520:
The above are all that exist as directly
Gallican sources, but much information may also be gleaned from the books of the transition period, which, though substantially Roman, were much edited with Germanic tendencies and contained a large amount which was of a Gallican rather than a Roman type. The
2028:
for July 1908, to the effect that the
Gallican Liturgy was not introduced into Gaul from anywhere but was the original liturgy of that country, apparently invented and developed there. He speaks of an original independence of Rome (of course liturgically only) followed by later borrowings. This does
2700:
There is curiously little information on this point, and it is not possible to reconstruct the
Gallican Divine Office from the scanty allusions that exist. It seems probable that there was considerable diversity in various times and places, though councils, both in Gaul and Hispania, tried to bring
2023:
The Latin liturgical rites have been described as undergoing three phases, which may be called for want of better names the
Gallican, the Ambrosian, and the Roman stages. The holders of the theory no doubt recognize that the demarcation between these stages is rather vague, and that the alterations
1966:
These variations from the Eastern usages are of an early date, and it is inferred from them, and from other considerations more historical than liturgical, that a liturgy with these peculiarities was the common property of Gaul, Hispania, and Italy. Whether, as is most likely, it originated in Rome
1951:, for which, though of course the fact is found there, there is no verbal Scriptural warrant. The Mozarabic of today uses the Pauline words, and no Gallican Recital of the Institution remains in full; but in both the prayer that follows is called (with alternative nomenclature in the Gallican) post-
2947:
is known as the "Roman", it does not seem that the Gallican Psalter was used even in Gaul until a comparatively later date, though it spread thence over nearly all the West. At present the Mozarabic and Ambrosian Psalters are variants of the "Roman", with peculiarities of their own. Probably the
1979:, and second part, the Mass of the Faithful, was no longer needed, and therefore the want was felt of a position with some meaning to it for the sign of Christian unity. The long and diffuse prayers were made into the short and crisp collects of the Roman type. It was then that the variable post-
1854:
The third theory is perhaps rather complicated to state without danger of misrepresentation, and has not been so definitely stated as the other two by any one writer. It is held in part by Milanese liturgists and by many others whose opinion is of weight. In order to state it clearly it will be
2333:), described by Delisle, is a manuscript dating from the end of the 7th, or the early part of the 8th. Only a fragment, it begins with a Mass for the feast of Germanus of Auxerre, after which come prayers for the Blessing of Virgins and Widows, two Advent Masses, the Christmas Eve Mass, the
2980:(555–576), and by a comparison of these with the extant sacramentaries, not only of Gaul but of the Celtic Rite, with the Irish tracts on the Mass, with the books of the still existing Mozarabic Rite, and with the descriptions of the Hispanic Mass given by
2500:
in our knowledge of the Gallican Rite may reasonably be conjecturally filled up from the Mozarabic books, which even in their present form are those of substantially the same rite. There are also liturgical allusions in certain 5th and 6th century writers:
1896:
In the Western rites – whether Hispano-Gallican, Ambrosian, or Roman – a very large proportion of the priest's part varies according to the day, and these variations are so numerous in the Gallican Rite that the fixed part, even of the Prayer of the
2543:, and one at the Abbey of Saint Gall. The manuscripts are of the early 8th century. The groundwork is Roman, with Gallican additions and modifications. Evidence for the Gallican rites of ordination and some other matters is derived from this book.
3276:
Peyron believed the fragment was written in the 7th century and Hammond suspected that the Peyron fragment was from the same manuscript as the Mai fragment; nevertheless, according to Hammond, the fragments belong to the Gallican type liturgies
2037:
The later history of the Gallican rite is obscure and filled with liturgical anarchy. France had no clear capital; Toledo occasionally tried to impose liturgical law, but only over Visigothic areas, and without much success. The Councils of
2374:), described by Delisle, is a manuscript dating from the end of the 7th century and once belonging to the Petau Library. The name is due to a 15th-century note at the beginning of the book, and hence it has been attributed by Tommasi and
3068:, both of which are incomplete, along with a few details in the second Letter of Germanus of Paris. The forms given in the Stowe Missal and the Bobbio Missal are too much Romanized to well illustrate the Gallican Rite. The form given in
1999:. This reform, possibly through the influence of Ambrose, was adopted at Milan, but not in Gaul and Hispania. At a still later period, during the 5th and 6th centuries, changes were again made at Rome, principally attributed to
1855:
necessary to point out first certain details in which all the Latin liturgical rites agree with one another in differing from the Eastern, and in this we speak only of the Mass, which is of far more importance than either the
2436:, it has been attributed to Paris. It contains the Prophetical Lessons, epistles, and Gospels for the year from Christmas Eve onwards. At the end are the lessons of a few special Masses, for the burial of a bishop, for the
3091:
ceremonies which are mixed with the Baptismal service in the two books are not very characteristic. The couplets of invitatory and collect which occur in the Roman Good Friday service are given with verbal variations in
3775:
2565:
There are many manuscripts of the Gregorian Sacramentary. It represents the sacramentary sent by Adrian I to Charlemagne, after it had been rearranged and supplemented by Gelasian and Gallican editions in France.
3723:
The ancient liturgies of the Gallican Church: now first collected with an introductory dissertation, notes, and various readings, together with parallel passages from the Roman, Ambrosian, and Mozarabic
3043:. and probably fixed would be the priest's devotions at Communion. Most of these are very short and only the most important passage wanting is the one fixed passage in the Prayer of Consecration, the
1838:) as "foreign importations" and did not recognize in them the ancient usage of his own Church, and he thinks it hard to explain why the African Church should have accepted the Roman reforms, while
2988:, gave a very full account constructed on this basis, though some will differ from him in his supplying certain details from Ambrosian books, and in his claiming the Bobbio Missal Sacramentary as
1635:, which comprised the majority use of most of Western Christianity for the greater part of the 1st millennium AD. The rites first developed in the early centuries as the Syriac-Greek rites of
2999:
is, therefore, of less importance than it would be in, for instance, the Roman Mass or the Ambrosian Mass. Thus the fixed parts of the service would only be: (a) the three Canticles, (b) the
1917:
intercessory prayers, and they occur in a form borrowed later from the Gallican in the ordination services, but in general the invitation to prayer is reduced to its lowest terms in the word
3768:
2123:
of matter derived from the Gallican books and from the Roman book known as the Gelasian Sacramentary, which had been gradually supplanting the Gallican. It is probable that the editor was
2029:
not seem to exclude the idea that Rome and the West may have had the germ of the Western Rite in common. Again the theory is conjectural and is only very slightly stated in the article.
981:
2995:
Jenner's analysis shows that the Gallican Mass contained a very small number of fixed elements and that nearly the whole service was variable according to the day. The absence of an
2127:, Charlemagne's principal liturgical advisor. Copies were distributed throughout Charlemagne's empire, and this "composite liturgy", as Duchesne describes, "from its source in the
1947:) and date the Institution by the betrayal, and of the less important anaphoras, most either use the same expression or paraphrase it. The Western liturgies date from the Passion,
3761:
2131:
spread throughout all the churches of the Frankish Empire and at length, finding its way to Rome gradually supplanted there the ancient use." More than half a century later, when
1877:, as in the Syro-Jacobite Rite, or on certain days, as in Byzantine and East Syrian, but they are complete in themselves and do not contain passages appropriate to the day. The
2748:
But the application of these names is sometimes obscure. It is not quite clear whether Nocturns and Lauds were not joined together as Matins; Caesarius speaks of Prima, while
2228:
2808:" are ordered. This evidently means twelve psalms, two under each antiphon. In August there seem to have been no psalms, because there were festivals and Masses of saints. "
2684:
19-year-cycle, the Gallican Church continued to use the 532-year-cycle, until the end of the 8th or beginning of the 9th century. Lent began with the first Sunday, not with
2879:
There is a short passage which throws a little light upon the Lyon use of the end of the 5th century in an account of the Council of Lyon in 499. The council, assembled by
3225:
3157:
3145:
2085:
speculates that some of these represent originally Gallican liturgies with Roman elements introduced, while evaluating others, such as the Gelasian Sacramentary and the
3249:
3213:
2629:
as the key-day for Advent Sunday, so that, as at present in the Mozarabic and Ambrosian Rites, there were six Sundays of Advent (but only two Advent Masses survive in
1971:(366–384) – liturgical reforms were made at Rome: the position of the Great Intercession and of the Pax were altered, the latter perhaps because the form of the
2135:
wished to see what the ancient Gallican Rite had been like, it was necessary to import Hispanic priests to celebrate it in his presence. Subsequently, with the
2864:". The rules of Caesarius and Aurelian both speak of two nocturns with lessons, which include on the feasts of martyrs lessons from their passions. They order
3253:
2677:
1846:
is not really Roman, but Gallican, much Romanized at a later period, and that the Gubbio variations of which Innocent I complained were borrowed from Milan.
4895:
2964:, may well have known about some of these of his own knowledge; but through the 7th century there are indications of adoption of the Roman or the Monastic
3185:
and towel to subdeacons. Bidding Prayers and all are in the Roman Pontifical of today. In the ordination of deacons there is a form which is found in the
5250:
4277:
2984:. One may arrive at a fairly clear and general idea of the service, though there exists no Gallican Ordinary of the Mass and no Antiphoner. Duchesne, in
2701:
about some uniformity. The principal authorities are the Councils of Agde (506) and Tours (567) and allusions in the writings of Gregory of Tours and
4218:
3788:
3572:
1598:
1446:
1180:
2357:, are Gallican in order with many Roman prayers. The Good Friday prayers are, with a few verbal variations, exactly as those in the Roman Missal.
2275:
1987:
were altered into a fixed Canon of a type similar to the Roman Canon of today, though perhaps this Canon began with the clause which now reads "
2456:". This lectionary is purely Gallican with no apparent Roman influence. The manuscript has not been printed in its entirety, but Mabillon, in
4549:
986:
2960:
and the Ambrosian, all of which seem to have been going on then. The unknown writer, though his opinion is of no value on the origin of the
5009:
3832:
3169:, were very short, and consisted simply of the delivery of the instruments: keys to the porters; books of lectors and exorcists; cruets to
1130:
1463:
446:
2187:
There are no manuscripts of the Gallican Rite earlier than the later part of the 7th century, though the descriptions in the letters of
4571:
3134:
services of the Gallican Rite do not occur in any of the avowedly Gallican books. They are found in the Gelasian Sacramentary and the
3863:
531:
4789:
2688:. There is a not very intelligible passage in the canons of the Council of Tours to the effect that all through August there were "
1473:
623:
1867:
The Eastern Eucharists of whatever rite are marked by the invariability of the priest's part. There are, it is true, alternative
1376:
2015:. These later reforms were not adopted at Milan which retained the books of the first reform, which are now known as Ambrosian.
1913:
embodying the suggestions of the Bidding Prayer, addressed to God. These Bidding Prayers have survived in the Roman Rite in the
4859:
2588:
are the chief authorities on this point, and to these may be added some information to be gathered from the regulations of the
3873:
3868:
3678:
2705:. The general arrangement and nomenclature were very similar to those of the Celtic Rite. There were two principal services,
1591:
422:
4680:
4020:
2680:
532-year-cycle in 457, the Gallican Church, unlike the Celts, did the same; but when, in 525, the Roman Church adopted the
2676:
depended, of course, on Easter. When the Roman Church altered the Easter computation from the old 84-year-cycle to the new
1694:. It was so nearly allied to the Gallican Rite that the term Hispano-Gallican is often applied to the two. But the Iberian
1453:
4883:
4871:
4749:
3817:
2557:(Vat. Reg. Lat. 257) is a fragment of a sacramentary similar to the Gelasian Sacramentary, though not identical with it.
2292:
2073:
Throughout this period, there was a slow process of Romanization in the Gallican rite, accelerated in the 8th century by
1125:
653:
3240:, which may be presumed to have borrowed from it. A 9th century commentary on the ritual of a dedication, attributed by
1944:
4608:
3837:
1636:
1426:
1140:
4542:
3804:
3784:
3709:
3667:
2800:, with Alleluia (presumably as Antiphon). For Matins there is a curious arrangement which reminds one of that in the
1640:
1543:
1493:
1421:
1406:
1105:
172:
2349:, Good Friday and Easter Sunday ceremonies and the baptismal service, Masses for the Sundays after Easter up to the
1901:, is strangely little. Certain varying prayers of the Hispano-Gallican Rite have a tendency to fall into couples, a
5351:
4668:
3822:
3618:
The ancient liturgy of Antioch and other liturgical fragments: being an appendix to "Liturgies Eastern and Western"
3096:; in both, however, there are other prayers of a similar type and prayers for some of the Hours of Good Friday and
1940:
1788:
1584:
1523:
1436:
1337:
1120:
911:
732:
648:
470:
326:
283:
143:
2178:
of the French dioceses in the 17th to mid-19th centuries. These have nothing to do with the ancient Gallican Rite.
1795:(Lyon), was the principal centre of Gallican development. He lays great stress on the incontestable importance of
5346:
5223:
4686:
4624:
4615:
4025:
3842:
1800:
1503:
1411:
1135:
154:
57:
5079:
4698:
4306:
2904:
1718:, was once very popular among Anglican scholars. According to it the Gallican Rite went back to one brought to
1498:
763:
556:
239:
150:
122:
2303:(Preface) with other prayers of Gallican type. The Bunsen fragment contains part of a Mass for the Dead (post-
5356:
5238:
4674:
3716:
Describes Rose's research (quoting him extensively) into early Gallican, monasticism, missions, worship, etc.
3599:
Christian worship: its origin and evolution : a study of the Latin liturgy up to the time of Charlemagne
3189:
but has not been adopted in the Roman Rite, the recognition by the people, after an address, with the cry of
1651:
1381:
1351:
1151:
751:
17:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2896:
2613:
It is probable that there were many variations in different times and places, and that the influence of the
2062:(581, 623) made attempts at imposing liturgical consistency, but only at a local level. In the 7th century,
1674:
The Gallican Rite was used from before the 5th century, and likely prior to the Diocletian reform in AD 293
4535:
4127:
2968:
instead of the Gallican, or to mix them up, a tendency which was resisted at times by provincial councils.
2233:
1441:
1416:
1346:
808:
306:
3753:
2593:
1799:(Milan) as the capital of the Western Roman Empire from 286 to 402 and of the Church of Milan in the late
3890:
2584:
2280:
1711:
1533:
1468:
1458:
1371:
1069:
696:
613:
546:
387:
5269:
5292:
4161:
2493:
1356:
108:
2601:
2238:(760–781). It contains eleven Masses of purely Gallican type, one of which is a Mass for the feast of
5245:
4439:
3812:
3228:
was exclusively funerary and contained little else but the deposition of the relics, as shown in the
1366:
1342:
589:
321:
2204:
4742:
4692:
4446:
3140:
1834:, spoke of usages which Duchesne recognizes as Gallican (e.g. the position of the Diptychs and the
1513:
1261:
1064:
976:
951:
873:
701:
628:
436:
259:
92:
3658:. Translated by Charles Underhill Quinn. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. pp.
3216:
does not occur in the recognized Gallican books and from prayers in the Gelasian Sacramentary and
3013:(d) the Dismissal, (e) the priest's prayers at the Offertory, (f) the Great Intercession, (g) the
2948:
decadence of the Gallican Divine Office was very gradual. In an 8th-century manuscript tract, the
2517:, and some information may be gathered from the decrees of the Gallican councils mentioned above.
1751:
4993:
4662:
4619:
4206:
3602:. Translated by M. L. McClure (5th ed.). London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
2977:
2930:
2128:
1976:
1905:, or invitation to pray, sometimes of considerable length and often partaking of the nature of a
961:
746:
113:
3659:
3286:
The Bunsen fragments belong to the Gallican type liturgies classification, according to Hammond.
5255:
5233:
5005:
4824:
4819:
4642:
4633:
4518:
4234:
3626:
3252:
manuscript are the other authorities from which Duchesne derives his details. The order of the
2872:
2437:
1995:
once read "Fac nobis hanc oblationem". This may have been introduced by a short, variable post-
1666:. Ireland is also known to have had a form of this Gallican Liturgy mixed with Celtic customs.
1628:
1574:
1188:
455:
966:
5279:
4814:
4732:
4591:
3577:
2530:
2287:
2082:
1771:
921:
768:
677:
618:
608:
536:
517:
503:
244:
205:
195:
49:
4628:
3616:
2664:
a large space is given to the services of the two days before Easter, and in the latter the
54:. It may be out of date, or may reflect the point of view of the Catholic Church as of 1913.
5228:
4988:
4769:
4759:
4727:
4201:
4122:
4042:
3934:
3912:
3827:
3590:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3044:
2996:
2597:
2497:
1932:
1663:
1648:
1620:
1115:
1089:
971:
788:
756:
638:
493:
301:
269:
200:
2059:
8:
5306:
5198:
4809:
4425:
4092:
3245:
3195:
2626:
2296:
2239:
2114:
2105:
1972:
1686:
to the end of the 11th century, and lingered as an archaeological survival in chapels at
1555:
716:
429:
404:
359:
5055:
4965:
4953:
4930:
4794:
4704:
4646:
4047:
3652:
2981:
2702:
2606:
2510:
2502:
2383:
2220:
2055:
1868:
1804:
1156:
1029:
896:
686:
551:
526:
508:
249:
217:
210:
177:
2656:
has a Mass for the feast of Germanus of Auxerre before the two Advent Masses. In both
2484:
Much side light is thrown on the Gallican Rite by the Celtic books, especially by the
4494:
3732:
3705:
3684:
3663:
3630:
3603:
3233:
3149:
2681:
2506:
2140:
2047:
2039:
1679:
1616:
1039:
793:
598:
575:
498:
394:
343:
160:
3241:
5087:
4876:
4852:
4804:
4719:
4489:
4472:
4457:
4314:
4144:
4030:
3792:
3746:
3622:
3257:
3028:
2912:
2884:
2648:, the Luxeuil has Commons of bishops and deacons for a number of other Masses, and
2514:
2425:
2188:
2132:
2101:
2051:
1936:
1831:
1682:
was used from the 5th century in Roman provinces within the Roman civil diocese of
1332:
1291:
1281:
1271:
1059:
946:
906:
783:
691:
603:
488:
311:
227:
165:
2820:"; six psalms at Terce, Sext, and None, with an antiphon, a hymn, a lesson, and a
2460:, gives references to all the lessons and the beginnings and endings of the text.
5155:
5112:
5102:
5097:
5050:
5044:
4980:
4900:
4467:
4382:
4339:
4329:
4324:
4282:
4272:
4193:
4057:
3972:
3954:
3929:
3796:
2714:
2589:
2429:
2346:
2043:
2004:
1856:
1823:
1811:
1755:
1659:
1431:
1276:
1208:
1203:
1094:
868:
798:
568:
479:
264:
100:
2792:. The distribution of the Psalter is not known. The Council of Tours orders six
1975:
of the catechumens was disused, and the distinction between the first part, the
5330:
5137:
5107:
5092:
5034:
5024:
4959:
4942:
4784:
4484:
4477:
4364:
4334:
4319:
4262:
4252:
4085:
3858:
3728:
3597:
3186:
3101:
2989:
2730:
2692:", but this is not borne out by the existing sacramentaries or the Lectionary.
2673:
2124:
2012:
2008:
1968:
1902:
1843:
1784:
1739:
1695:
1307:
1286:
1249:
1239:
1166:
1161:
1074:
1002:
825:
773:
658:
633:
563:
377:
232:
4637:
3692:
2617:
brought about gradual assimilation to Rome. The year, as is usual, began with
2242:, but the others do not specify any festival. One Mass is written entirely in
5340:
5318:
5029:
4912:
4834:
4774:
4737:
4462:
4257:
4075:
3901:
3736:
3688:
3607:
3591:
3566:
3174:
2685:
2489:
2433:
2399:
2375:
2119:
1835:
1819:
1759:
1687:
1655:
1624:
1302:
1244:
1007:
991:
847:
842:
711:
706:
45:
3721:
3634:
1963:
in the Gallican Masses, so that it is clear that this form existed in both.
5160:
5132:
5062:
4754:
4598:
4566:
4558:
4387:
4359:
4289:
4229:
4183:
4178:
4166:
3885:
3880:
3783:
3162:
3097:
3019:
2934:
2810:
Toto Augusto manicationes fiant, quia festivitates sunt et missae sanctorum
2536:
2485:
2263:
2081:
period, which are all that are left, contain many Roman elements. The 1913
1898:
1815:
1803:, and conjectures that a liturgy of Oriental origin, introduced perhaps by
1766:
1727:
1632:
1401:
1218:
1213:
1084:
1079:
901:
879:
778:
722:
316:
137:
1742:. The idea originated partly in a statement in the 8th-century tract in a
83:
5218:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5165:
5150:
5145:
4864:
4847:
4799:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4392:
4377:
4372:
4134:
4102:
4097:
4070:
3907:
2941:
2109:
2078:
1914:
1699:
956:
741:
382:
296:
254:
222:
3236:
manuscript, the Gallican Rite resembled more closely that of the modern
2535:
There are three extant manuscripts of the Gelasian Sacramentary, one at
1765:. This theory "may be dismissed as practically disproved," according to
5039:
4920:
4267:
4139:
4117:
4112:
3917:
3615:
Hammond, Charles E. (1879). "Fragments of ancient Gallican liturgies".
3237:
3131:
2892:
2866:
2816:", two lessons, one from the old and one from the New Testament, and a
2428:, but because among its very few saints' days it contains the feast of
2420:
2387:
2271:
2216:
2212:
2100:(742–66). The Roman chant was introduced about 760, and by a decree of
2097:
2063:
2000:
1873:
1796:
1743:
1675:
1198:
926:
916:
668:
643:
412:
5067:
4294:
3166:
3088:
2645:
2243:
2224:
1827:
1691:
1223:
663:
580:
541:
460:
2540:
2424:(Luxeuil) is a 7th-century manuscript discovered by Mabillon in the
4888:
4842:
4779:
4603:
4587:
4513:
4080:
4015:
3998:
3984:
3895:
3565: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3110:
2880:
2742:
2391:
2379:
2350:
2191:(555–76) take one back another century. The known manuscripts are:
2175:
2074:
1886:
1882:
1792:
1735:
1731:
1683:
1569:
1327:
1034:
1022:
887:
399:
291:
5301:
4936:
4925:
4764:
4151:
4107:
4035:
3978:
3538:
3170:
3005:
2922:
2899:. Then psalms were sung and a lesson was read from the prophets (
2734:
2710:
2622:
2342:
2160:
2136:
2067:
1910:
1878:
1839:
1723:
1110:
1017:
1012:
863:
372:
2856:
Caesarius mentions a blessing given by the bishop at the end of
2386:. Duchesne, judging by the inclusion of Masses for the feast of
2299:. The Peyron fragment contains part of what looks like a Lenten
2262:
The Peyron, Mai, and Bunsen fragments are disjointed palimpsest
4947:
4527:
4173:
4156:
4065:
3990:
3942:
3704:. Platina: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood. pp. 701–716.
3650:
Bouyer, Louis (1968) . "The Gallican and Mozarabic Eucharist".
3155:
The ceremonial contained therein agrees with that described in
2976:
The chief authorities for the Gallican Mass are the letters of
2926:
2706:
2641:
2618:
2445:
2403:
2267:
2168:
2164:
1919:
1906:
1762:
3654:
Eucharist: theology and spirituality of the eucharistic prayer
2089:, as Roman liturgies with Gallican additions and adaptations.
3960:
3948:
3178:
2793:
2722:
2395:
2251:
2227:. The manuscript, which is late 7th century, had belonged to
1890:
1808:
1644:
833:
803:
465:
3329:
For the full list of variables, in the Reichenau fragments,
3193:
This is used for priests and bishops also, for example, the
3148:, but now known to be a Gallican decree "promulgated in the
1818:, Mediolanum, to the Roman provinces in Gaul, Hispania, and
4595:
3966:
3182:
2726:
2093:
1719:
133:
2637:
and the Luxeuil Lectionary both begin with Christmas Eve.
1664:
which had a few early centers of Christianity in the south
3380:
Bibliothèque nationale de France. Manuscript. Latin 974.
2929:, now used in all the churches of the Roman Rite except
2118:
in 789, the Gallican chant was abolished in its favour.
3526:
3060:
The authorities for the Gallican Baptismal Service are
2862:
cumque expleto Lucernario benedictionem populo dedisset
2832:" of the Ambrosian Rite), two antiphons, a hymn, and a
2804:. Normally in summer (apparently from Easter to July) "
3700:
Hieromonk Damascene (2003). "Western Orthodox Roots".
2143:, the Gallican rite was the official form of liturgy.
1881:
of course vary with the day in all rites, and varying
5290:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
2870:
to be sung at Lauds and during the Paschal days, and
2398:. Masses are numbered, the manuscript beginning with
2353:
Mass, where the manuscript breaks off. Masses, as in
2291:
at Milan, and those fragments which are an eponym of
2011:; these three popes are the eponyms of three varying
1862:
1787:
puts forward in place of the Ephesine. He holds that
1654:. By the 5th century, it was well established in the
3683:. Translated by Catherine M. Antony. London: Sands.
3514:
3502:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
2828:
a "Psalmus Directaneus", whatever that may be (cf. "
2402:
which is numbered III. Probably there were once two
2257:
5251:
Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions
3699:
3389:For the order of the consecration of a church, see
2463:
1859:or the occasional services in determining origins.
1842:himself a Roman, refused them. He assumes that the
3741:Contains reconstructions from several manuscripts.
3651:
3316:For a reconstructed order of a Gallican Mass, see
3122:. There is no blessing of the new fire in either.
3114:and its Preface nearly exactly as in the Roman, a
2840:, eighteen psalms, an antiphon, hymn, lesson, and
2610:, as to the Gallican practice in the 6th century.
2146:
1931:Another Western peculiarity is in the form of the
1750:) to such an origin, and partly in a statement of
3581:. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3407:
44:This article incorporates unedited text from the
5338:
3720:Neale, John M.; Forbes, George H., eds. (1855).
3152:towards the end of the 5th century" (Duchesne).
2182:
3207:
2937:, is known as the "Gallican", while the older,
2903:,), more psalms and a lesson from the Gospels,
1991:", but according to the pseudo-Ambrosian tract
3220:. Duchesne's analysis of both rites shows, in
2889:feast of Just. The vigil was kept at his tomb.
4543:
3769:
3104:consists of a Bidding Prayer and collect (in
2844:. From this it seems as though the office of
2077:. Nearly all the Gallican books of the later
1758:(664) respecting the Johannine origin of the
1592:
3677:Cabrol, Fernand (1934). "The Mass in Gaul".
3295:For a list of liturgical year variations in
3027:(j) the Recital of the Institution, (k) the
2171:. This was only a variant of the Roman Rite.
3719:
2318:
4550:
4536:
3776:
3762:
3050:
1710:The Ephesine theory, first put forward by
1599:
1585:
107:
3864:Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
2560:
2155:has also been applied to two other uses:
1935:. The principal Eastern liturgies follow
1746:, which refers the Service of the Gauls (
3702:Father Seraphim Rose: his life and works
3595:
3548:
3532:
3055:
2625:days a week during Advent and mentioned
2524:
2448:is ordained, when a priest is blessed, "
614:Outside the Church there is no salvation
3614:
3520:
3508:
2876:sung on Sundays and greater festivals.
2764:, while Aurelian distinguishes between
1909:, addressed to the congregation, and a
1893:; but the priest's part remains fixed.
14:
5339:
4245:
3676:
3649:
3570:
3544:
3496:
3390:
3368:
3351:
3334:
3317:
3304:
2945:now used in St. Peter's Basilica only,
2621:. The Council of Mâcon arranged three
2582:, and the Gallican adaptations of the
2569:
2194:
447:Realms beyond the States of the Church
4531:
3874:Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
3869:Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great
3757:
3727:(in Latin and English). Burntisland:
3125:
2413:
2018:
1669:
4021:Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
3161:by Isidore of Seville. The forms of
2695:
2546:
2469:The Letters of St. Germanus of Paris
2341:and other ceremonies preparatory to
2209:Mémoire sur d'anciens Sacramentaires
1519:
58:broader and more recent perspectives
29:
27:Historical form of Christian liturgy
2733:; and probably two night services,
2521:principal of these are as follows.
2496:may also be of service, while most
2360:
2293:Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen
1778:
1539:
24:
4609:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
3643:
3333:, and Germanus's description, see
3116:Collectio post benedictionem cerei
2891:This began with a lesson from the
2756:; Caesarius distinguishes between
2604:(581), and from Gregory of Tours'
2066:'s missionaries likely introduced
1926:
1863:Invariability of the Priest's part
1705:
25:
5368:
3575:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2258:Peyron, Mai, and Bunsen Fragments
2092:The Roman Liturgy was adopted at
1814:from 355 to 374, spread from the
5324:
5312:
5300:
5275:
5274:
4557:
4512:
3585:
3560:
3076:has a much fuller form with the
2690:festivitates et missae sanctorum
2640:Both books also have Commons of
2464:Letters of St. Germanus of Paris
2032:
1941:First Epistle to the Corinthians
1783:The second theory is that which
1568:
1549:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1518:
1509:
1508:
912:Catechism of the Catholic Church
82:
34:
5224:Latin Church in the Middle East
3383:
3374:
3357:
3009:, etc., at the Gospel, (c) the
2672:are given at great length. The
2479:
2159:a French use introduced by the
2147:Other uses of the name Gallican
1849:
1643:and were first translated into
56:It should be edited to reflect
3340:
3323:
3310:
3289:
3280:
3270:
3031:. Possibly fixed would be the
1959:" come at the end of the post-
1734:, who had received it through
1619:and other ritual practices in
240:History of the Catholic Church
13:
1:
3680:The Mass of the Western Rites
3400:
3363:For the baptismal service in
3346:For the baptismal service in
3248:, and the 8th or 9th century
3144:, formerly attributed to the
2853:is the Byzantine Hesperinos.
2183:Manuscripts and other sources
1652:Praetorian prefecture of Gaul
4128:Divine Worship: Daily Office
3750:(London: A.R. Mowbray, 1958)
3208:The Consecration of a church
2806:sex antiphonae binis psalmis
2266:. Those fragments which are
2229:John II, Bishop of Constance
7:
3621:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3120:Collectio post hymnum cerri
2971:
2615:Martyrologium Hieronymianum
2585:Martyrologium Hieronymianum
2440:, when a bishop preaches, "
2394:(d. 680), attributes it to
2246:verse, except for the post-
697:Infallibility of the Church
10:
5373:
4519:Catholic Church portal
4162:Divine Worship: The Missal
3226:Roman Rite of Consecration
3224:, that at a time when the
3158:De Officiis Ecclesiasticis
3146:Fourth Council of Carthage
2986:Origines du Culte chrétien
2952:is distinguished from the
2528:
2494:Ambrosian Liturgy and Rite
2211:. They were discovered by
1631:that developed within the
1575:Catholic Church portal
5264:
5246:Eastern Catholic Churches
5211:
5125:
5078:
5017:
5004:
4979:
4911:
4833:
4718:
4655:
4580:
4565:
4509:
4438:
4352:
4305:
4228:
4217:
4192:
4056:
4009:Other liturgical services
4008:
3928:
3851:
3803:
3744:Porter, William Stevens.
3596:Duchesne, Louis (1919) .
2814:Fulgentis auctor aetheris
2713:; and four Lesser Hours,
2594:Fourth Council of Orléans
1949:Qui pridie quam pateretur
3957:(first hour of daylight)
3263:
3214:Consecration of a church
3141:Statuta Ecclesia Antiqua
2911:, and a lesson from the
2574:The Luxeuil Lectionary,
2492:. A comparison with the
2327:Missale Gallicanum Vetus
2320:Missale Gallicanum Vetus
1889:, etc., are sung by the
1647:in various parts of the
1615:is a historical form of
1262:Eastern Catholic liturgy
1065:Eastern Catholic liturgy
874:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
260:Four Marks of the Church
5352:Christianity in Francia
4994:Liturgical use of Latin
4620:Pierbattista Pizzaballa
4207:Liturgical use of Latin
3571:Jenner, Henry (1909). "
3072:is the least complete.
3051:The Occasional Services
2978:Saint Germanus of Paris
2652:has six Sunday Masses.
2602:Second Council of Mâcon
2450:in profectione itineris
2442:et plebs decimas reddat
1977:Mass of the Catechumens
1556:Vatican City portal
982:Philosophy of canon law
702:Mystical Body of Christ
5347:Latin liturgical rites
5256:Western Rite Orthodoxy
4896:Santiago de Compostela
4825:1983 Code of Canon Law
4800:Protestant Reformation
4743:Historical development
3987:(Anglican Use Vespers)
3250:Angoulême Sacramentary
3100:. The Blessing of the
2873:Gloria in excelsis Deo
2802:Rule of St. Columbanus
2782:Initium Noctis Paschae
2561:Gregorian Sacramentary
2438:dedication of a church
2205:Léopold Victor Delisle
2070:elements to the rite.
1871:which are used either
1629:Latin liturgical rites
5270:Doctors of the Church
4733:History of the papacy
4592:Patriarch of the West
4058:Liturgical literature
3993:(West Syriac Vespers)
3852:Eucharistic liturgies
3833:Anointing of the Sick
3578:Catholic Encyclopedia
3056:The Baptismal Service
2790:ad Duodeciman Paschae
2531:Gelasian Sacramentary
2525:Gelasian Sacramentary
2458:De Liturgia Gallicana
2288:Biblioteca Ambrosiana
2083:Catholic Encyclopedia
1826:(416) in a letter to
1772:Catholic Encyclopedia
1752:Colmán of Lindisfarne
1698:has, like the allied
1623:. It is not a single
1131:Anointing of the Sick
922:Apostolic exhortation
619:Infused righteousness
537:Immaculate Conception
245:History of the papacy
50:Catholic Encyclopedia
5357:Catholic terminology
4989:Ecclesiastical Latin
4760:Early African church
4728:Apostolic succession
4202:Ecclesiastical Latin
4123:Liturgy of the Hours
4043:Liturgy of the Hours
3913:Pontifical High Mass
3045:Words of Institution
2997:Ordinary of the Mass
2992:rather than Celtic.
2931:St. Peter's Basilica
2454:lectiones cotidianae
2223:, in the library of
2219:manuscript from the
1955:and the catchwords "
1933:Words of Institution
1649:Western Roman Empire
1621:Western Christianity
1474:the Age of Discovery
1464:Sex and gender roles
1454:Role in civilization
1447:in the United States
1090:Liturgy of the Hours
624:Invincible ignorance
494:Crucifixion of Jesus
302:College of Cardinals
270:Apostolic succession
114:St. Peter's Basilica
5199:Pre-Tridentine Mass
4810:Counter-Reformation
4572:order of precedence
4426:Pre-Tridentine Mass
4194:Liturgical language
3303:, and Luxeuil, see
3254:Celtic Consecration
3246:Remigius of Auxerre
3202:Deus omnium honorum
2796:at Sext and twelve
2678:Victorius Aquitaine
2570:The Liturgical Year
2382:, which was in the
2297:Abbey of Saint Gall
2240:Germanus of Auxerre
2201:Reichenau Fragments
2195:Reichenau Fragments
2115:Admonitio generalis
2106:Mayor of the Palace
1716:Origines Liturgicae
1656:Roman civil diocese
1627:but rather several
1487:Links and resources
547:Perpetual virginity
518:Blessed Virgin Mary
405:Divinum illud munus
307:Ecumenical councils
250:Ecumenical councils
5056:Extraordinary form
4966:Isidore of Seville
4954:Augustine of Hippo
4931:Hilary of Poitiers
4647:Francesco Moraglia
4629:Filipe Neri Ferrão
4278:Extraordinary Form
3695:on 6 January 2009.
3126:Ordination Service
3023:dialogue, (i) the
2982:Isidore of Seville
2939:a revision of the
2703:Caesarius of Arles
2607:Historia Francorum
2511:Caesarius of Arles
2503:Hilary of Poitiers
2414:Luxeuil Lectionary
2384:Visigothic Kingdom
2295:were found at the
2285:were found in the
2221:Abbey of Reichenau
2019:Summary of origins
1670:History and origin
1030:Christian humanism
927:Epistula Encyclica
687:College of Bishops
395:Consubstantialitas
218:Early Christianity
5288:
5287:
5207:
5206:
5121:
5120:
4975:
4974:
4714:
4713:
4525:
4524:
4505:
4504:
4434:
4433:
4348:
4347:
3981:(sunset/evening)
3747:The Gallican Rite
3573:The Gallican Rite
3260:is very similar.
3234:Saint-Amand Abbey
3222:Christian worship
3218:Missale Francorum
3150:province of Arles
3136:Missale Francorum
3082:expositio symboli
3017:formula, (h) the
2739:ad initium noctis
2696:The Divine Office
2682:Dionysius Exiguus
2666:expositio symboli
2555:Missale Francorum
2548:Missale Francorum
2513:, and especially
2507:Sulpicius Severus
2390:and the feast of
2335:expositio symboli
2203:are described in
2141:Kingdom of Sicily
2087:Missale Francorum
1617:Christian liturgy
1609:
1608:
1450:
1040:Neo-scholasticism
816:
815:
794:Seven deadly sins
717:Perfect community
599:Baptism of desire
499:Harrowing of Hell
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
5364:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5305:
5304:
5296:
5278:
5277:
5088:Benedictine Rite
5076:
5075:
5015:
5014:
5006:Liturgical rites
4831:
4830:
4805:Council of Trent
4790:Age of Discovery
4770:East–West Schism
4578:
4577:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4529:
4528:
4517:
4516:
4490:East Syriac Rite
4458:Alexandrian Rite
4447:Eastern Catholic
4440:Eastern Catholic
4315:Benedictine Rite
4303:
4302:
4243:
4242:
4237:liturgical rites
4226:
4225:
4145:Roman Pontifical
4001:(end of the day)
3935:Liturgical hours
3778:
3771:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3740:
3715:
3696:
3691:. Archived from
3673:
3657:
3638:
3611:
3589:
3588:
3582:
3564:
3563:
3552:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3394:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3372:
3361:
3355:
3344:
3338:
3327:
3321:
3314:
3308:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3258:An Leabhar Breac
3078:traditio symboli
2958:Cursus Scottorum
2954:Cursus Romanorum
2946:
2913:Pauline epistles
2890:
2885:king of Burgundy
2830:Psalmus Directus
2670:traditio symboli
2627:St. Martin's Day
2598:Council of Tours
2580:Missale Gallicum
2576:Missale Gothicum
2515:Gregory of Tours
2426:Abbey of Luxeuil
2368:Missale Gothicum
2362:Missale Gothicum
2339:traditio symboli
2284:
2237:
2189:Germain of Paris
2133:Charles the Bald
2102:Pepin of Herstal
2026:Church Quarterly
1939:'s words in the
1937:Paul the Apostle
1832:bishop of Gubbio
1779:Ambrosian theory
1601:
1594:
1587:
1573:
1572:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1444:
1362:Relations with:
1333:Anti-Catholicism
947:Cardinal Virtues
907:Athanasian Creed
784:Hypostatic union
692:Deposit of faith
604:Baptism of blood
489:Passion of Jesus
355:
354:
322:Eastern Churches
312:Episcopal polity
140:
111:
86:
79:
78:
70:
67:
61:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5313:
5311:
5299:
5291:
5289:
5284:
5260:
5203:
5193:Missa Venatoria
5117:
5113:Norbertine Rite
5103:Cistercian Rite
5098:Carthusian Rite
5074:
5051:Tridentine Mass
5047:(Ordinary form)
5045:Mass of Paul VI
5010:Liturgical days
5008:
5000:
4971:
4907:
4829:
4710:
4651:
4612:
4569:
4561:
4556:
4526:
4521:
4511:
4501:
4468:Antiochene Rite
4448:
4444:
4441:
4430:
4420:Missa Venatoria
4344:
4340:Norbertine Rite
4330:Cistercian Rite
4325:Carthusian Rite
4301:
4283:Tridentine Mass
4273:Mass of Paul VI
4236:
4232:
4220:
4213:
4188:
4052:
4004:
3951:(early morning)
3933:
3930:Canonical hours
3924:
3847:
3799:
3797:Catholic Church
3782:
3712:
3670:
3646:
3644:Further reading
3641:
3627:2027/hvd.ah51jq
3586:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3543:
3539:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3362:
3358:
3345:
3341:
3328:
3324:
3315:
3311:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:classification.
3275:
3271:
3266:
3210:
3128:
3058:
3053:
2974:
2950:Cursus Gallorum
2938:
2888:
2887:, began on the
2778:Vespera Paschae
2698:
2674:moveable feasts
2590:Council of Agde
2572:
2563:
2551:
2533:
2527:
2482:
2474:Ordo Gallicanus
2466:
2430:Saint Genevieve
2416:
2365:
2347:Maundy Thursday
2323:
2278:
2260:
2231:
2197:
2185:
2149:
2129:Imperial chapel
2096:in the time of
2035:
2021:
2005:Pope Gelasius I
1989:Quam oblationem
1929:
1927:The Institution
1865:
1857:canonical hours
1852:
1824:Pope Innocent I
1812:bishop of Milan
1781:
1756:Synod of Whitby
1748:Cursus Gallorum
1708:
1706:Ephesine theory
1672:
1625:liturgical rite
1605:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1396:
1395:Societal issues
1388:
1387:
1386:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1298:
1267:
1257:
1256:
1230:
1204:Post-Vatican II
1194:
1183:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1147:
1101:
1095:Liturgical year
1054:
1046:
1045:
1044:
997:
977:Social teaching
962:Catholic ethics
941:
933:
932:
931:
897:Apostles' Creed
869:Sixtine Vulgate
828:
818:
817:
799:Beatific vision
733:Other teachings
654:Moral influence
480:Paschal mystery
352:
351:
333:
332:
331:
286:
276:
275:
274:
265:One true church
190:
182:
132:
117:
101:Catholic Church
71:
65:
62:
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5370:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5334:
5333:
5321:
5309:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5272:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5140:
5138:Aquileian Rite
5135:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5108:Dominican Rite
5105:
5100:
5095:
5093:Carmelite Rite
5090:
5084:
5082:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5048:
5037:
5035:Mozarabic Rite
5032:
5027:
5025:Ambrosian Rite
5021:
5019:
5012:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4963:
4960:Pope Gregory I
4957:
4951:
4945:
4943:Pope Damasus I
4940:
4934:
4928:
4923:
4917:
4915:
4913:Church Fathers
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4839:
4837:
4835:Apostolic sees
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4785:Western Schism
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4681:Constantinople
4678:
4672:
4666:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4640:
4631:
4622:
4613:
4584:
4582:
4575:
4563:
4562:
4555:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4532:
4523:
4522:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4487:
4485:Byzantine Rite
4482:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4367:
4365:Aquileian Rite
4362:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4335:Dominican Rite
4332:
4327:
4322:
4320:Carmelite Rite
4317:
4311:
4309:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4275:
4265:
4263:Mozarabic Rite
4260:
4255:
4253:Ambrosian Rite
4249:
4247:
4240:
4223:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4198:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4086:Roman Breviary
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3988:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3939:
3937:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3898:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3859:Divine Liturgy
3855:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3742:
3729:Pitsligo Press
3717:
3710:
3697:
3674:
3668:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3612:
3583:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:, p. 408.
3537:
3535:, p. 149.
3525:
3513:
3501:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3382:
3373:
3356:
3339:
3322:
3309:
3288:
3279:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3242:Edmond Martène
3230:Ordines Romani
3209:
3206:
3187:Byzantine Rite
3127:
3124:
3102:Paschal Candle
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
2973:
2970:
2697:
2694:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2550:
2545:
2529:Main article:
2526:
2523:
2481:
2478:
2465:
2462:
2415:
2412:
2406:Masses, as in
2364:
2359:
2322:
2317:
2259:
2256:
2196:
2193:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2148:
2145:
2125:Alcuin of York
2034:
2031:
2020:
2017:
2013:sacramentaries
2009:Pope Gregory I
1993:De Sacramentis
1969:Pope Damasus I
1928:
1925:
1903:Bidding Prayer
1864:
1861:
1851:
1848:
1844:Ambrosian Rite
1785:Louis Duchesne
1780:
1777:
1740:John of Patmos
1712:William Palmer
1707:
1704:
1696:Mozarabic Rite
1671:
1668:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1167:Biblical canon
1164:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1075:Divine Liturgy
1072:
1067:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1005:
1003:Augustinianism
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
943:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
930:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
892:
891:
890:
885:
884:
883:
876:
871:
858:
857:
856:Official Bible
853:
852:
851:
850:
845:
837:
836:
830:
829:
824:
823:
820:
819:
814:
813:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
789:Predestination
786:
781:
776:
774:Amillennialism
771:
766:
761:
760:
759:
749:
744:
736:
735:
729:
728:
727:
726:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
681:
680:
674:
673:
672:
671:
666:
661:
659:Sanctification
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
634:Means of grace
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
593:
592:
586:
585:
584:
583:
578:
573:
572:
571:
561:
560:
559:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
521:
520:
514:
513:
512:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
483:
482:
476:
475:
474:
473:
468:
463:
458:
450:
449:
443:
442:
441:
440:
433:
426:
416:
415:
409:
408:
407:
402:
397:
392:
391:
390:
385:
380:
368:
367:
366:
365:
353:
350:
349:
346:
340:
339:
338:
335:
334:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
288:
287:
282:
281:
278:
277:
273:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
236:
235:
230:
225:
215:
214:
213:
208:
203:
192:
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
181:
180:
175:
169:
168:
163:
158:
147:
146:
141:
129:
126:
125:
119:
118:
116:, Vatican City
112:
104:
103:
97:
96:
88:
87:
73:
72:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5369:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5332:
5322:
5320:
5310:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5281:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5179:Missa Nautica
5176:
5174:
5173:Gallican Rite
5171:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5030:Rite of Braga
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4775:Scholasticism
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4750:First Martyrs
4748:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4738:Papal primacy
4736:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4568:
4567:Patriarchates
4564:
4560:
4553:
4548:
4546:
4541:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4520:
4515:
4508:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4463:Armenian Rite
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4443:
4437:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4406:Missa Nautica
4403:
4401:
4400:Gallican Rite
4398:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4258:Rite of Braga
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4076:Book of hours
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3902:Missa Cantata
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3774:
3772:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3713:
3711:1-887904-07-7
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3671:
3669:0-268-00498-6
3665:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3648:
3647:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3592:public domain
3584:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3567:public domain
3559:
3558:
3550:
3549:Duchesne 1919
3546:
3541:
3534:
3533:Duchesne 1919
3529:
3523:, p. 53.
3522:
3517:
3511:, p. 51.
3510:
3505:
3498:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3392:
3391:Jenner (1909)
3386:
3377:
3370:
3369:Jenner (1909)
3366:
3360:
3353:
3352:Jenner (1909)
3349:
3343:
3336:
3335:Jenner (1909)
3332:
3326:
3319:
3318:Jenner (1909)
3313:
3306:
3305:Jenner (1909)
3302:
3298:
3292:
3283:
3273:
3269:
3261:
3259:
3256:given in the
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3033:Confractorium
3030:
3029:Lord's Prayer
3026:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2905:Matthew 11:21
2902:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2851:
2850:ad Duodecimam
2847:
2843:
2839:
2838:ad Duodecimam
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2798:ad Duodecimam
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2766:ad Duodeciman
2763:
2762:ad Duodeciman
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:Ash Wednesday
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2558:
2556:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:Bobbio Missal
2487:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2434:Germain Morin
2431:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2400:Christmas Eve
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2376:Jean Mabillon
2373:
2369:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2276:Amedeo Peyron
2273:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:in 1850 in a
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2177:
2174:the reformed
2173:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2120:Pope Adrian I
2117:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2033:Later history
2030:
2027:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:Quartodeciman
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:Gallican Rite
1602:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1525:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:Homosexuality
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1382:Protestantism
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:Miscellaneous
1318:
1317:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:Latin liturgy
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:Scholasticism
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
993:
992:Virtue ethics
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
937:
936:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
889:
886:
882:
881:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
862:
861:
860:
859:
855:
854:
849:
848:New Testament
846:
844:
843:Old Testament
841:
840:
839:
838:
835:
832:
831:
827:
822:
821:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
758:
755:
754:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
737:
734:
731:
730:
725:
724:
720:
718:
715:
713:
712:People of God
710:
708:
707:Papal primacy
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
682:
679:
676:
675:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:Justification
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
595:
594:
591:
588:
587:
582:
579:
577:
574:
570:
567:
566:
565:
562:
558:
555:
554:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
523:
522:
519:
516:
515:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
481:
478:
477:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
451:
448:
445:
444:
439:
438:
434:
432:
431:
427:
425:
424:
420:
419:
418:
417:
414:
411:
410:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
371:
370:
369:
364:
363:
362:
361:
357:
356:
347:
345:
342:
341:
337:
336:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
285:
280:
279:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
219:
216:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
197:
194:
193:
186:
185:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
162:
159:
156:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
135:
131:
130:
128:
127:
124:
121:
120:
115:
110:
106:
105:
102:
99:
98:
94:
90:
89:
85:
81:
80:
77:
69:
59:
53:
52:
51:
47:
46:public-domain
41:
32:
31:
19:
18:Gallican rite
5307:Christianity
5239:Titular sees
5191:
5184:
5177:
5172:
5156:Hereford Use
5133:African Rite
5063:Anglican Use
4755:Great Church
4602:
4559:Latin Church
4418:
4411:
4404:
4399:
4383:Hereford Use
4360:African Rite
4290:Anglican Use
4230:Latin Church
4184:Sacramentary
4179:Roman Ritual
4167:Roman Missal
3975:(ninth hour)
3963:(third hour)
3900:
3886:Holy Qurbono
3881:Holy Qurbana
3818:Confirmation
3745:
3722:
3701:
3693:the original
3679:
3653:
3617:
3598:
3576:
3540:
3528:
3521:Hammond 1879
3516:
3509:Hammond 1879
3504:
3385:
3376:
3364:
3359:
3347:
3342:
3330:
3325:
3312:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3282:
3272:
3229:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3201:
3194:
3190:
3165:, including
3163:minor orders
3156:
3154:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3105:
3098:Easter Vigil
3093:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:Sursum corda
3018:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2985:
2975:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2940:
2935:Vatican City
2921:
2878:
2871:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2738:
2718:
2699:
2689:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2614:
2612:
2605:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2537:Vatican City
2534:
2519:
2486:Stowe Missal
2483:
2480:Celtic books
2473:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2419:The Luxeuil
2418:
2417:
2407:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2354:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2286:
2270:of Cardinal
2261:
2247:
2208:
2200:
2198:
2186:
2152:
2150:
2113:
2108:, quoted in
2091:
2086:
2072:
2036:
2025:
2022:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1930:
1918:
1899:Consecration
1895:
1872:
1866:
1853:
1850:Roman theory
1816:capital city
1782:
1770:
1767:Henry Jenner
1747:
1728:St. Pothinus
1715:
1709:
1673:
1633:Latin Church
1612:
1610:
1437:Nazi Germany
1427:Sexual abuse
1361:
1234:
1219:Anglican Use
1214:Use of Sarum
1126:Confirmation
1085:Holy Qurbono
1080:Holy Qurbana
996:
987:Philosophers
902:Nicene Creed
880:Nova Vulgata
878:
779:Original sin
723:Subsistit in
721:
678:Ecclesiology
649:Satisfaction
609:Divine grace
504:Resurrection
435:
428:
421:
358:
317:Latin Church
284:Organisation
206:Resurrection
76:
63:
48:
43:
5219:Latin cross
5186:Missa sicca
5151:Durham Rite
5146:Celtic Rite
4701:(1555–1663)
4689:(1524–1963)
4687:West Indies
4683:(1204–1964)
4677:(1098–1964)
4671:(1276–1964)
4638:Rui Valério
4625:East Indies
4473:West Syriac
4413:Missa sicca
4378:Durham Rite
4373:Celtic Rite
4135:Martyrology
4103:Gospel Book
4098:Euchologion
4071:Antiphonary
3945:(nighttime)
3908:Solemn Mass
3838:Holy Orders
3545:Jenner 1909
3497:Jenner 1909
3191:Dignus est!
3108:only), the
2942:Vetus Itala
2858:Lucernarium
2846:Lucernarium
2826:Lucernarium
2758:Lucernarium
2754:ad Secundum
2719:ad Secundum
2600:(567), and
2345:; also the
2301:Contestatio
2279: [
2232: [
2110:Charlemagne
2079:Merovingian
2058:(578), and
1915:Good Friday
1801:4th century
1700:Celtic Rite
1544:WikiProject
1412:Health care
1357:Monasticism
1292:East Syriac
1282:West Syriac
1272:Alexandrian
1141:Holy orders
972:Probabilism
967:Personalism
957:Natural law
769:Apologetics
742:Josephology
430:Ex Cathedra
297:Roman Curia
255:Magisterium
201:Crucifixion
66:August 2015
5341:Categories
5040:Roman Rite
4921:Tertullian
4820:Vatican II
4707:(560–1451)
4695:(560–1751)
4669:Alexandria
4268:Roman Rite
4219:Liturgical
4140:Pontifical
4118:Lectionary
4113:Horologion
4048:Procession
3918:Papal Mass
3805:Sacraments
3785:Sacraments
3401:References
3365:Gallicanum
3238:Pontifical
3132:Ordination
3074:Gallicanum
3066:Gallicanum
2917:Romans 2:4
2909:Luke 10:13
2901:Isaiah 6:9
2897:Exodus 7:3
2893:Pentateuch
2867:Magnificat
2842:capitellum
2834:capitellum
2822:capitellum
2818:capitellum
2786:Gallicanum
2776:speaks of
2752:speaks of
2750:Gallicanum
2662:Gallicanum
2654:Gallicanum
2646:Confessors
2631:Gallicanum
2472:a kind of
2444:", when a
2421:Lectionary
2408:Gallicanum
2388:Symphorian
2331:Gallicanum
2272:Angelo Mai
2217:palimpsest
2213:Franz Mone
2176:Breviaries
2098:Chrodegang
2064:Columbanus
2001:Pope Leo I
1957:Qui pridie
1874:ad libitum
1797:Mediolanum
1744:manuscript
1676:Roman Gaul
1277:Antiochene
1209:Tridentine
1106:Sacraments
940:Philosophy
917:Papal bull
669:Venial sin
644:Mortal sin
576:Apparition
552:Assumption
532:Veneration
437:Deificatio
413:Divine law
388:Holy Ghost
344:Theologies
189:Background
173:Sacraments
5161:Sarum Use
5068:Zaire Use
4815:Vatican I
4616:Jerusalem
4478:Malankara
4388:Sarum Use
4295:Zaire Use
4093:Customary
3843:Matrimony
3823:Eucharist
3793:liturgies
3737:793555941
3689:557830331
3608:844623358
3181:, basin,
3167:subdeacon
3089:Holy Week
2990:Ambrosian
2539:, one at
2250:which is
2244:hexameter
2225:Karlsruhe
2151:The name
1983:and post-
1973:dismissal
1883:antiphons
1869:anaphoras
1828:Decentius
1820:Britannia
1805:Auxentius
1692:Salamanca
1637:Jerusalem
1534:Templates
1407:Evolution
1377:Orthodoxy
1352:Ecumenism
1338:Criticism
1328:Antipopes
1308:Byzantine
1287:Malankara
1250:Mozarabic
1240:Ambrosian
1224:Zaire Use
1157:Devotions
1136:Matrimony
1121:Eucharist
764:Sexuality
664:Synergism
590:Salvation
581:Mediatrix
557:Dormition
542:Mater Dei
527:Mariology
509:Ascension
461:Purgatory
423:Decalogus
327:Canon law
211:Ascension
144:Hierarchy
5280:Category
5212:See also
5166:York Use
5142:British
4981:Language
4889:Barnabas
4860:Syracuse
4795:Humanism
4780:Crusades
4699:Ethiopia
4693:Aquileia
4665:(?−1964)
4663:Carthage
4604:cathedra
4442:Churches
4393:York Use
4369:British
4081:Breviary
4026:Exorcism
4016:Asperges
3999:Compline
3985:Evensong
3896:Low Mass
3635:23760885
3348:Gothicum
3331:Gothicum
3301:Gothicum
3297:Gallicum
3171:acolytes
3111:Exsultet
3106:Gothicum
3094:Gothicum
3070:Gothicum
3062:Gothicum
3041:Communio
3037:Trecanum
3025:Sanctus,
2972:The Mass
2881:Gundobad
2774:Gothicum
2743:Nocturns
2658:Gothicum
2650:Gothicum
2635:Gothicum
2452:", and "
2392:Leodegar
2380:Narbonne
2372:Gothicum
2355:Gothicum
2351:Rogation
2313:ad Pacem
2153:Gallican
2075:Boniface
1945:11:23–25
1887:troparia
1879:lections
1793:Lugdunum
1736:Polycarp
1732:Irenaeus
1684:Hispania
1514:Category
1504:Glossary
1442:Politics
1417:HIV/AIDS
1347:Pandeism
1303:Armenian
1235:Gallican
1035:Molinism
1023:Occamism
998:Schools
952:Just war
888:Peshitta
757:Lectures
747:Morality
400:Filioque
348:Doctrine
292:Holy See
161:Theology
155:timeline
123:Overview
93:a series
91:Part of
5331:History
5293:Portals
5268:* also
5126:Defunct
5018:Current
4937:Ambrose
4926:Cyprian
4765:Vulgate
4720:History
4675:Antioch
4656:Defunct
4599:Francis
4581:Current
4495:Malabar
4449:liturgy
4353:Defunct
4246:Current
4152:Psalter
4108:Gradual
4036:Requiem
4031:Funeral
3979:Vespers
3828:Penance
3813:Baptism
3795:of the
3569::
3232:in the
3175:chalice
3084:, etc.
3006:Sanctus
2923:Agobard
2770:Complin
2735:Complin
2711:Vespers
2642:Martyrs
2623:fasting
2596:(541),
2592:(506),
2498:lacunae
2343:Baptism
2307:, post-
2305:Sanctus
2268:eponyms
2161:Normans
2139:in the
2137:Normans
2056:Auxerre
2054:(567),
2050:(529),
2046:(506),
2042:(465),
1997:Sanctus
1981:Sanctus
1961:Sanctus
1911:collect
1840:Ambrose
1754:at the
1724:Ephesus
1641:Antioch
1499:Outline
1469:Slavery
1459:Science
1372:Judaism
1116:Penance
1111:Baptism
1060:Liturgy
1053:Worship
1018:Scotism
1013:Thomism
864:Vulgate
373:Trinity
233:Fathers
166:Liturgy
151:History
138:Francis
5319:France
5234:Turkey
5229:Latins
5080:Orders
4948:Jerome
4643:Venice
4634:Lisbon
4601:(with
4307:Orders
4174:Tonary
4157:Missal
4066:Agpeya
3991:Ramsha
3969:(noon)
3943:Matins
3791:, and
3735:
3708:
3687:
3666:
3662:–337.
3633:
3606:
3594::
3367:, see
3350:, see
3118:, and
3039:, and
2966:cursus
2962:cursus
2956:, the
2927:Jerome
2836:; and
2794:psalms
2784:, and
2741:, and
2729:, and
2707:Matins
2619:Advent
2541:Zürich
2446:deacon
2404:Advent
2309:Pridie
2264:leaves
2248:Pridie
2169:Sicily
2165:Apulia
2048:Vaison
2040:Vannes
2007:, and
1985:Pridie
1953:Pridie
1920:Oremus
1907:homily
1791:, not
1763:Easter
1688:Toledo
1680:Iberia
1152:Prayer
804:Saints
564:Titles
456:Heaven
378:Father
95:on the
4901:James
4884:Milan
4872:Malta
4865:Peter
4848:Peter
4705:Grado
4235:Latin
4221:rites
3973:Nones
3961:Terce
3955:Prime
3949:Lauds
3789:rites
3724:rites
3264:Notes
3196:Axios
3179:paten
3011:Prex,
2824:; at
2737:, or
2723:Terce
2717:, or
2715:Prime
2396:Autun
2283:]
2252:prose
2236:]
2163:into
2068:Irish
2060:Mâcon
2052:Tours
1891:choir
1809:Arian
1789:Milan
1769:, in
1738:from
1722:from
1645:Latin
1524:Media
1494:Index
1432:Music
1367:Islam
1343:Deism
1245:Braga
1199:Roman
1181:Rites
1162:Bible
834:Bible
826:Texts
809:Dogma
639:Merit
569:Queen
466:Limbo
223:Peter
196:Jesus
4877:Paul
4853:Paul
4843:Rome
4596:Pope
4594:'):
4588:Rome
4570:(by
3967:Sext
3891:Mass
3733:OCLC
3706:ISBN
3685:OCLC
3664:ISBN
3631:OCLC
3604:OCLC
3212:The
3183:ewer
3130:The
3087:The
3080:and
3064:and
3003:and
3001:Ajus
2848:and
2788:has
2780:and
2768:and
2760:and
2731:None
2727:Sext
2709:and
2668:and
2660:and
2644:and
2578:and
2553:The
2488:and
2337:and
2325:The
2274:and
2199:The
2167:and
2094:Metz
2044:Agde
1807:the
1730:and
1720:Lyon
1690:and
1660:Gaul
1639:and
1611:The
1070:Mass
752:Body
471:Hell
228:Paul
178:Mary
134:Pope
4607:in
3660:315
3623:hdl
3244:to
3015:Pax
2907:or
2860:, "
2633:).
2476:".
2378:to
2207:'s
2112:'s
1836:Pax
1726:by
1714:in
1658:of
1402:Art
383:Son
360:God
5343::
4645::
4636::
4627::
4618::
4590:('
3787:,
3731:.
3629:.
3547:;
3409:^
3299:,
3177:,
3173:;
3047:.
3035:,
2933:,
2919:.
2915:,
2895:,
2883:,
2772:;
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2725:,
2721:,
2509:,
2505:,
2432:,
2315:.
2281:it
2254:.
2234:de
2104:,
2003:,
1923:.
1885:,
1830:,
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1662:,
136::
5295::
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4956:*
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3337:.
3320:.
3307:.
2370:(
2329:(
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1264::
1191::
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153:(
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