St. Peter's Basilica

4377: 1533: 2116: 3072: 1525: 2088: 3921: 3952: 3937: 1181: 2064: 2864: 4488: 121: 1998: 2470: 1852: 2104: 5619:, 2007: "Tetzel's experiences as a preacher of indulgences, especially between 1503 and 1510, led to his appointment as general commissioner by Albrecht, archbishop of Mainz, who, deeply in debt to pay for a large accumulation of benefices, had to contribute a considerable sum toward the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Albrecht obtained permission from Pope Leo X to conduct the sale of a special plenary indulgence (i.e., remission of the temporal punishment of sin), half of the proceeds of which Albrecht was to claim to pay the fees of his benefices. In effect, Tetzel became a salesman whose product was to cause a scandal in Germany that evolved into the greatest crisis (the Reformation) in the history of the Western church." 1876: 2378: 2076: 3020: 2799: 3909: 2936: 4001: 2524: 1235: 863: 2992: 2178:' treatise (1563), the dome may be represented as ovoid, but the perspective is ambiguous. Stefan du Pérac's engraving (1569) shows a hemispherical dome, but this was perhaps an inaccuracy of the engraver. The profile of the wooden model is more ovoid than that of the engravings, but less so than the finished product. It has been suggested that Michelangelo on his death bed reverted to the more pointed shape. However, Lees-Milne cites Giacomo della Porta as taking full responsibility for the change and as indicating to Pope Sixtus that Michelangelo was lacking in the scientific understanding of which he himself was capable. 2127:, is constructed of two shells of brick, the outer one having 16 stone ribs, twice the number at Florence but far fewer than in Sangallo's design. As with the designs of Bramante and Sangallo, the dome is raised from the piers on a drum. The encircling peristyle of Bramante and the arcade of Sangallo are reduced to 16 pairs of Corinthian columns, each of 15 metres (49 ft) high which stand proud of the building, connected by an arch. Visually they appear to buttress each of the ribs, but structurally they are probably quite redundant. The reason for this is that the dome is ovoid in shape, rising steeply as does the 16073: 13580: 12431: 11495: 10160: 3589: 2699: 3573: 3621: 1864: 3605: 2463:. To this end an order was issued which stated that "all work should take a second seat to that of the campanile". The south tower was completed on time even in spite of these issues, but records show that in the wake of the unveiling the Pope was not content with what he saw and he ordered the top level of Bernini's tower removed so that the structure could be made even grander. The tower continued to grow, and as the construction began to settle, the first cracks started to appear followed by Urban's infamous public admonishment of his architect. 3240: 3978: 2807:

including the olive leaves, bees, and the portrait heads of Urban's niece in childbirth and her newborn son, are picked out in gold leaf. The baldacchino stands as a vast free-standing sculptural object, central to and framed by the largest space within the building. It is so large that the visual effect is to create a link between the enormous dome which appears to float above it, and the congregation at floor level of the basilica. It is penetrated visually from every direction, and is visually linked to the

16159: 10282: 2277: 2486:" such as was occasionally found in Italian churches. This is the part of Maderno's design with which he was most satisfied. Its long barrel vault is decorated with ornate stucco and gilt, and successfully illuminated by small windows between pendentives, while the ornate marble floor is beamed with light reflected in from the piazza. At each end of the narthex is a theatrical space framed by ionic columns and within each is set a statue, an 16142: 16061: 13592: 12443: 11507: 10634: 10172: 810: 16176: 1374: 16085: 16097: 16125: 2167:

della Porta subsequently altered this model in several ways. The major change restored an earlier design, in which the outer dome appears to rise above, rather than rest directly on the base. Most of the other changes were of a cosmetic nature, such as the adding of lion's masks over the swags on the drum in honour of Pope Sixtus and adding a circlet of

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building looks nearer than it is, the breadth of the facade is minimized and its height appears greater in proportion to its width. The second section of the piazza is a huge elliptical circus which gently slopes downwards to the obelisk at its centre. The two distinct areas are framed by a colonnade formed by doubled pairs of columns supporting an

1581:. It contained a very large number of burials and memorials, including those of most of the popes from St. Peter to the 15th century. Like all of the earliest churches in Rome, both this church and its successor had the entrance to the east and the apse at the west end of the building. Since the construction of the current basilica, the name 2087: 1774:. The main difference between Bramante's design and that of the Pantheon is that where the dome of the Pantheon is supported by a continuous wall, that of the new basilica was to be supported only on four large piers. This feature was maintained in the ultimate design. Bramante's dome was to be surmounted by a 3085:

the Redeemer, St. John the Baptist and 11 Apostles. From the left: St. Thadeus, St. Matthew, St. Philip, St. Thomas, St. James the Greater, St. John the Baptist, The Redeemer, St. Andrew, St. John the Evangelist, St. James the Lesser, St. Bartholomew, St. Simeon, and St. Matthias. Above the Roman clock is the

2572:. Remarkably, all of the large altarpieces, with the exception of the Holy Trinity by Pietro da Cortona in the Blessed Sacrament Chapel, have been reproduced in mosaic. Two precious paintings from the old basilica, Our Lady of Perpetual Help and Our Lady of the Column are still being used as altarpieces. 6273:"Since Nicholas V twenty-seven popes over a span of 178 years had imagined this day. They had already spent 46 800 052 ducats (...) And still the building was not done. The basic construction was complete, but the last genius (Bernini) to put his signature on the Basilica was just beginning his work." in 3084:

The top of the facade of St. Peter's Basilica has two clocks and several sculptures. The clocks were created to replace Bernini's bell towers which had to be torn down due to insufficient support. The left hand clock shows Rome time, the right hand one shows European mean time. The statues are Christ

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The part of the colonnade that is around the ellipse does not entirely encircle it, but reaches out in two arcs, symbolic of the arms of "the Catholic Church reaching out to welcome its communicants". The obelisk and Maderno's fountain mark the widest axis of the ellipse. Bernini balanced the scheme

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The ovoid profile of the dome has been the subject of much speculation and scholarship over the past century. Michelangelo died in 1564, leaving the drum of the dome complete, and Bramante's piers much bulkier than originally designed, each 18 metres (59 ft) across. Following his death, the work

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Even though the work had progressed only a little in 40 years, Michelangelo did not simply dismiss the ideas of the previous architects. He drew on them in developing a grand vision. Above all, Michelangelo recognized the essential quality of Bramante's original design. He reverted to the Greek Cross

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Age". It occupies an awkward position, being set in a niche above a doorway into a small vestry, but Bernini has utilized the doorway in a symbolic manner. Pope Alexander kneels upon his tomb, facing outward. The tomb is supported on a large draped shroud in patterned red marble, and is supported by

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story. The breadth is caused by modifying the plan to have towers on either side. These towers were never executed above the line of the facade because it was discovered that the ground was not sufficiently stable to bear the weight. One effect of the facade and lengthened nave is to screen the view

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The facade is often cited as the least satisfactory part of the design of St. Peter's. The reasons for this, according to James Lees-Milne, are that it was not given enough consideration by the Pope and committee because of the desire to get the building completed quickly, coupled with the fact that

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Michelangelo left a few drawings, including an early drawing of the dome, and some details. There were also detailed engravings published in 1569 by Stefan du Pérac who claimed that they were the master's final solution. Michelangelo, like Sangallo before him, also left a large wooden model. Giacomo

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Sangallo's plan (1513), of which a large wooden model still exists, looks to both these predecessors. He realized the value of both the coffering at the Pantheon and the outer stone ribs at Florence Cathedral. He strengthened and extended the peristyle of Bramante into a series of arched and ordered

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The nave which leads to the central dome is in three bays, with piers supporting a barrel vault, the highest of any church. The nave is framed by wide aisles which have a number of chapels off them. There are also chapels surrounding the dome. Moving around the basilica in a clockwise direction they

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The interior dimensions are vast when compared to other churches. One author wrote: "Only gradually does it dawn upon us – as we watch people draw near to this or that monument, strangely they appear to shrink; they are, of course, dwarfed by the scale of everything in the building. This in its turn

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On 7 December 2007, a fragment of a red chalk drawing of a section of the dome of the basilica, almost certainly by the hand of Michelangelo, was discovered in the Vatican archives. The drawing shows a small precisely drafted section of the plan of the entablature above two of the radial columns of

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took over a building site at which four piers, enormous beyond any constructed since ancient Roman times, were rising behind the remaining nave of the old basilica. He also inherited the numerous schemes designed and redesigned by some of the greatest architectural and engineering minds of the 16th

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maintained changes that Raphael had proposed to the internal arrangement of the three main apses, but otherwise reverted to the Greek Cross plan and other features of Bramante. This plan did not go ahead because of various difficulties of both Church and state. In 1527 Rome was sacked and plundered

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was confirmed as the architect of St. Peter's on 1 August 1514. The main change in his plan is the nave of five bays, with a row of complex apsidal chapels off the aisles on either side. Raphael's plan for the chancel and transepts made the squareness of the exterior walls more definite by reducing

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The entire interior of St. Peter's is lavishly decorated with marble, reliefs, architectural sculpture and gilding. The basilica contains a large number of tombs of popes and other notable people, many of which are considered outstanding artworks. There are also a number of sculptures in niches and

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To the single bay of Michelangelo's Greek Cross, Maderno added a further three bays. He made the dimensions slightly different from Michelangelo's bay, thus defining where the two architectural works meet. Maderno also tilted the axis of the nave slightly. This was not by accident, as suggested by

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On 1 January 1547 in the reign of Pope Paul III, Michelangelo, then in his seventies, succeeded Sangallo the Younger as "Capomaestro", the superintendent of the building program at St Peter's. He is to be regarded as the principal designer of a large part of the building as it stands today, and as

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made its construction feasible. Its double-shell construction of bricks locked together in a herringbone pattern (re-introduced from Byzantine architecture), and the gentle upward slope of its eight stone ribs made it possible for the construction to take place without the massive wooden formwork

1793:, nave and transept arms were each to be of two bays ending in an apse. At each corner of the building was to stand a tower, so that the overall plan was square, with the apses projecting at the cardinal points. Each apse had two large radial buttresses, which squared off its semi-circular shape. 1466:

from the Circus, less than 150 metres (490 ft) from his place of death. The Via Cornelia was a road which ran east-to-west along the north wall of the Circus on land now covered by the southern portions of the Basilica and St. Peter's Square. A shrine was built on this site some years later.

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The baldacchino is surmounted not with an architectural pediment, like most baldacchini, but with curved Baroque brackets supporting a draped canopy, like the brocade canopies carried in processions above precious iconic images. In this case, the draped canopy is of bronze, and all the details,

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appear to thrust upwards because of the apparent pressure created by flattening the building's angles and restraining its projections. If this explanation is the correct one, then the profile of the dome is not merely a structural solution, as perceived by Giacomo della Porta; it is part of the

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and because the projection of the nave screens the dome from sight when the building is approached from the square in front of it, the work of Michelangelo is best appreciated from a distance. What becomes apparent is that the architect has greatly reduced the clearly defined geometric forms of

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Bernini's transformation of the site is entirely Baroque in concept. Where Bramante and Michelangelo conceived a building that stood in "self-sufficient isolation", Bernini made the whole complex "expansively relate to its environment". Banister Fletcher says "No other city has afforded such a

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and the altar of the Basilica in the "Confession". For this reason, many Popes have, from the early years of the Church, been buried near Pope St. Peter in the necropolis beneath the Basilica. Construction of the current basilica, over the old Constantinian basilica, began on 18 April 1506 and

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Bernini's ingenious solution was to create a piazza in two sections. That part which is nearest the basilica is trapezoid, but rather than fanning out from the facade, it narrows. This gives the effect of countering the visual perspective. It means that from the second part of the piazza, the

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had long been a critic of Bernini's predecessor, Carlo Maderno. His disapproval of the architect's work stemmed largely from Maderno's design for the longitudinal nave of St. Peters, which was widely condemned for obscuring Michelangelo's dome. When the Pope gave the commission to Bernini he

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Helen Gardner suggests that Michelangelo made the change to the hemispherical dome of lower profile in order to establish a balance between the dynamic vertical elements of the encircling giant order of pilasters and a more static and reposeful dome. Gardner also comments, "The sculpturing of

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submitted a plan which combines features of Peruzzi, Raphael and Bramante in its design and extends the building into a short nave with a wide façade and portico of dynamic projection. His proposal for the dome was much more elaborate of both structure and decoration than that of Bramante and

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designed by Maderno in 1613 and set to one side of the obelisk, making a line parallel with the facade. Bernini's plan uses this horizontal axis as a major feature of his unique, spatially dynamic and highly symbolic design. The most obvious solutions were either a rectangular piazza of vast

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In the mid-18th century, cracks appeared in the dome, so four iron chains were installed between the two shells to bind it, like the rings that keep a barrel from bursting. As many as ten chains have been installed at various times, the earliest possibly planned by Michelangelo himself as a

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and placed within St Peter's. In 1505 Julius made a decision to demolish the ancient basilica and replace it with a monumental structure to house his enormous tomb and "aggrandize himself in the popular imagination". A competition was held, and a number of the designs have survived at the

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It is this sense of the building being sculptured, unified and "pulled together" by the encircling band of the deep cornice that led Eneide Mignacca to conclude that the ovoid profile, seen now in the end product, was an essential part of Michelangelo's first (and last) concept. The

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had stood for so long was hallowed. The only solution was to build a nave that encompassed the whole space. In 1607 a committee of ten architects was called together, and a decision was made to extend Michelangelo's building into a nave. Maderno's plans for both the nave and the

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of Corinthian pilasters all set at slightly different angles to each other, in keeping with the ever-changing angles of the wall's surface. Above them, the huge cornice ripples in a continuous band, giving the appearance of keeping the whole building in a state of compression.

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Bramante's plan of a square with square projections, and also of Raphael's plan of a square with semi-circular projections. Michelangelo has blurred the definition of the geometry by making the external masonry of massive proportions and filling in every corner with a small

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the cupola drum. Michelangelo is known to have destroyed thousands of his drawings before his death. The rare survival of this example is probably due to its fragmentary state and the fact that detailed mathematical calculations had been made over the top of the drawing.

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necessary to construct hemispherical arches. While its appearance, with the exception of the details of the lantern, is entirely Gothic, its engineering was highly innovative, and the product of a mind that had studied the huge vaults and remaining dome of Ancient Rome.

2963:, known as "The Witness", at 25.31 metres (83.0 ft) and a total height, including base and the cross on top, of 40 metres (130 ft), is the second largest standing obelisk, and the only one to remain standing since its removal from Egypt and re-erection at the 1829:

included ribs on the exterior. Like Bramante, Sangallo proposed that the dome be surmounted by a lantern which he redesigned to a larger and much more elaborate form. Sangallo's main practical contribution was to strengthen Bramante's piers which had begun to crack.

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determined to enshrine it in suitable splendor as the object upon which the line of successors to Peter was based. Bernini created a large bronze throne in which it was housed, raised high on four looping supports held effortlessly by massive bronze statues of four

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In 1939, in the reign of Pope Pius XII, 10 years of archaeological research began under the crypt of the basilica in an area inaccessible since the ninth century. The excavations revealed the remains of shrines of different periods at different levels, from

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in Côte d'Ivoire is larger appear to be spurious, as the measurements include a rectorate, a villa and probably the forecourt. Its dome, based on that of St. Peter's Basilica, is lower but carries a taller cross, and thus claims to be the tallest domed

1141:, in reference to the confession of faith by St. Peter, which led to his martyrdom. Two curving marble staircases lead to this underground chapel at the level of the Constantinian church and immediately above the purported burial place of Saint Peter. 2555:

basins, appear of quite normal cherubic size, until approached. Then it becomes apparent that each one is over 2 metres high and that real children cannot reach the basins unless they scramble up the marble draperies. The aisles each have two smaller

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and also had Rossellino design a plan for an entirely new basilica, or an extreme modification of the old. His reign was frustrated by political problems and when he died, little had been achieved. He had, however, ordered the demolition of the

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or stairwell. The effect created is of a continuous wall surface that is folded or fractured at different angles, but lacks the right angles which usually define change of direction at the corners of a building. This exterior is surrounded by a

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openings around the base, with a second such arcade set back in a tier above the first. In his hands, the rather delicate form of the lantern, based closely on that in Florence, became a massive structure, surrounded by a projecting base, a

2821:. There was much dismay from those who thought that the dome might fall, but it did not. On the balconies Bernini created showcases, framed by the eight ancient twisted columns, to display the four most precious relics of the basilica: the 3893:. The foot of Truth rests upon a globe of the world, her toe being pierced symbolically by the thorn of Protestant England. Coming forth, seemingly, from the doorway as if it were the entrance to a tomb, is the skeletal winged figure of 3040:

with another fountain in 1675. The approach to the square used to be through a jumble of old buildings, which added an element of surprise to the vista that opened up upon passing through the colonnade. Nowadays a long wide street, the

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on 28 September 1586, was an operation fraught with difficulties and nearly ending in disaster when the ropes holding the obelisk began to smoke from the friction. Fortunately this problem was noticed by Benedetto Bresca, a sailor of

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Maderno was hesitant to deviate from the pattern set by Michelangelo at the other end of the building. Lees-Milne describes the problems of the façade as being too broad for its height, too cramped in its details and too heavy in the

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and had demonstrated himself as a dynamic architect. Maderno's idea was to ring Michelangelo's building with chapels, but the Pope was hesitant about deviating from the master's plan, even though he had been dead for forty years. The

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purple. Although it could not be determined with certainty that the bones were those of Peter, the rare vestments suggested a burial of great importance. On 23 December 1950, in his pre-Christmas radio broadcast to the world,

1306:. However, St. Peter's is functionally the Pope's principal church, as most Papal liturgies and ceremonies take place there due to its size, proximity to the Papal residence, and location within the Vatican City proper. The " 2219:, had the cross raised into place, an event which took all day, and was accompanied by the ringing of the bells of all the city's churches. In the arms of the cross are set two lead caskets, one containing a fragment of the 1337:

in 1984 under criteria (i), (ii), (iv), and (vi). With an exterior area of 21,095 square metres (227,060 sq ft), an interior area of 15,160 square metres (163,200 sq ft), St. Peter's Basilica is the

3012:. The problems of the square plan are that the necessary width to include the fountain would entail the demolition of numerous buildings, including some of the Vatican, and would minimize the effect of the facade. The 2360:

The building of the nave began on 7 May 1607, and proceeded at a great rate, with an army of 700 labourers being employed. The following year, the façade was begun, in December 1614 the final touches were added to the

2921:, the little chapel that marks the place of the death of St. Peter. On either side is an angel, one gazing in rapt adoration and the other looking towards the viewer in welcome. Bernini died in 1680 in his 82nd year. 2452:

therefore requested that a new design for the facade's bell towers to be submitted for consideration. Baldinucci describes Bernini's tower as consisting of "two orders of columns and pilasters, the first order being

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As part of the scheme for the central space of the church, Bernini had the huge piers, begun by Bramante and completed by Michelangelo, hollowed out into niches, and had staircases made inside them, leading to four

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wide-swept approach to its cathedral church, no other architect could have conceived a design of greater nobility ... (it is) the greatest of all atriums before the greatest of all churches of Christendom."

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had been a cemetery for some years before the Circus of Nero was built. It was a burial ground for the numerous executions in the Circus and contained many Christian burials as for many years after the burial of

1250:. Its dome is a feature of the skyline of Rome and covers an area of 2.3 hectares (5.7 acres). One of the holiest sites of Christianity and Catholic Tradition, it is traditionally the burial site of its titular, 4376: 3004:

proportions so that the obelisk stood centrally and the fountain (and a matching companion) could be included, or a trapezoid piazza which fanned out from the facade of the basilica like that in front of the

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or "throne of St. Peter" a chair which was often claimed to have been used by the apostle, but appears to date from the 12th century. As the chair itself was fast deteriorating and was no longer serviceable,

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The statue was damaged in 1972 by Lazlo Toft, a Hungarian-Australian, who considered that the veneration shown to the statue was idolatrous. The damage was repaired and the statue subsequently placed behind

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which has the effect of creating both vertical and horizontal ribs while lightening the overall load. At the summit is an ocular opening 8 metres (26 ft) across which provides light to the interior.

10783: 1845:. Michelangelo wrote, "I undertake this only for the love of God and in honour of the Apostle." He insisted that he should be given a free hand to achieve the ultimate aim by whatever means he saw fit. 2182:

architecture ... here extends itself up from the ground through the attic stories and moves on into the drum and dome, the whole building being pulled together into a unity from base to summit."

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Bernini's final work for St. Peter's, undertaken in 1676, was the decoration of the Chapel of the Sacrament. To hold the sacramental Host, he designed a miniature version in gilt bronze of Bramante's

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bringing the construction to a point where it could be carried through. He did not take on the job with pleasure; it was forced upon him by Pope Paul, frustrated at the death of his chosen candidate,

2914:, had urged Bernini to make the figures large, so that they would be seen well from the central portal of the nave. The chair was enshrined in its new home with great celebration of 16 January 1666. 2761:, a pavilion-like structure 28.74 metres (94.3 ft) tall and claimed to be the largest piece of bronze in the world, which stands beneath the dome and above the altar. Its design is based on the 1443:, Peter was crucified head downwards, by his own request because he considered himself unworthy to die in the same manner as Jesus. The crucifixion took place near an ancient Egyptian obelisk in the 11450: 6679: 5004: 2906:, the Greek Church. The four figures are dynamic with sweeping robes and expressions of adoration and ecstasy. Behind and above the cathedra, a blaze of light comes in through a window of yellow 3920: 2540:

had been erected in the square outside, but had not been quite aligned with Michelangelo's building, so Maderno compensated, in order that it should, at least, align with the Basilica's façade.

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integrated design solution that is about visual tension and compression. In one sense, Michelangelo's dome may appear to look backward to the Gothic profile of Florence Cathedral and ignore the

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form but the early designs were for a centrally planned structure and this is still in evidence in the architecture. The central space is dominated both externally and internally by one of the

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The dome of the Pantheon stands on a circular wall with no entrances or windows except a single door. The whole building is as high as it is wide. Its dome is constructed in a single shell of

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Another influence on the thinking of both the Fabbrica and the Curia was a certain guilt at the demolition of the ancient building. The ground on which it and its various associated chapels,

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as a watchdog to make sure that Michelangelo's plans were carried out exactly. Despite Vignola's knowledge of Michelangelo's intentions, little happened in this period. In 1585 the energetic

1633:. A succession of popes and architects followed in the next 120 years, their combined efforts resulting in the present building. The scheme begun by Julius II continued through the reigns of 1923:

expresses it: "Without destroying the centralising features of Bramante's plan, Michelangelo, with a few strokes of the pen converted its snowflake complexity into massive, cohesive unity."

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The 19th and early-20th-century architectural revivals brought about the building of a great number of churches that imitate elements of St Peter's to a greater or lesser degree, including

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Concrete for which he had rediscovered a formula. With the exception of the lantern that surmounts it, the profile is very similar, except that in this case, the supporting wall becomes a

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planned far more for St Peter's than Nicholas V's program of repair or modification. Julius was at that time planning his own tomb, which was to be designed and adorned with sculpture by

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who viewed the basilica as belonging to Rome rather than Christendom, were in a quandary as to how the building should proceed. One of the matters that influenced their thinking was the

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raised high above ground level on four massive piers. The solid wall, as used at the Pantheon, is lightened at St. Peter's by Bramante piercing it with windows and encircling it with a

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and by the time of his death, 2,522 cartloads of stone had been transported for use in the new building. The foundations were completed for a new transept and choir to form a domed

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of columns, stretches across the end of the square and is approached by steps on which stand two 5.55-metre (18.2 ft) statues of the first-century apostles to Rome, Saints

2845:, the brother of Saint Peter. In each of the niches that surround the central space of the basilica was placed a huge statue of the saint associated with the relic above. Only 2723:

and worked on the embellishment of the Basilica for 50 years. Appointed as Maderno's successor in 1629, he was to become regarded as the greatest architect and sculptor of the

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decoration of the vault and early in 1615 the partition wall between the two sections was pulled down. All the rubble was carted away, and the nave was ready for use by

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that approximately weighs 9 tonnes. From 1931, the bells are operated electrically, thus permitting even the largest bell to be tolled from a distance. The oldest bell

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or canopy carried above the head of the pope in processions, and in part from eight ancient columns that had formed part of a screen in the old basilica. Their twisted

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The word "stupendous" is used by a number of writers trying to adequately describe the enormity of the interior. These include James Lees-Milne and Banister Fletcher.

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and other privileged persons could descend in order to be nearer to the burial place of the apostle. Its marble steps are remnants of the old basilica and around its

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dome, such as that of the Pantheon, which, although it is not buttressed, is countered by the downward thrust of heavy masonry which extends above the circling wall.

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sculptor/architect has, figuratively speaking, taken all the previous designs in hand and compressed their contours as if the building were a lump of clay. The dome

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was designed by Giacomo della Porta before the completion of St Peter's Basilica, and subsequently worked on by Carlo Maderno. This was followed by the domes of

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In 1642 all work on both towers came to a halt. Bernini had to pay the cost for the demolition; eventually the idea of completing the bell towers was abandoned.

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IOANNES PAVLVS II P.M. PORTAM SANCTAM ANNO IVBILAEI MCMLXXVI A PAVLO PP VI RESERVATAM ET CLAVSAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO IVB HVMANE REDEMP MCMLXXXIII–MCMLXXXIV

2795:. Based on these columns, Bernini created four huge columns of bronze, twisted and decorated with laurel leaves and bees, which were the emblem of Pope Urban. 2021:

Bramante's plan for the dome of St. Peter's (1506) follows that of the Pantheon very closely, and like that of the Pantheon, was designed to be constructed in

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In the towers to either side of the facade are two clocks. The clock on the left has been operated electrically since 1931. Its oldest bell dates from 1288.

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The dome of St. Peter's rises to a total height of 136.57 metres (448.1 ft) from the floor of the basilica to the top of the external cross. It is the

13409: 13115: 10872: 10333: 11465: 7420: 4849:, the renowned architectural historian calls it "the greatest creation of the Renaissance" and "... the greatest of all churches of Christendom" in 4782: 4996: 3338:

One of the most important treasures of the basilica is a mosaic set above the central external door. Called the "Navicella", it is based on a design by

2779:

are generally of white marble, with inlaid coloured stone. Bernini's concept was for something very different. He took his inspiration in part from the

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The Basilica has 6 bells, placed in the room under the Roman clock, only 3 of them are visible from ground level while the rest are hidden behind the

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As one of the constituent structures of the historically and architecturally significant Vatican City, St. Peter's Basilica was inscribed as a UNESCO

148: 13110: 11831: 9823: 4884: 3417:(John Paul II, Pontifex Maximus, again opened and closed the holy door in the year of the great jubilee, from the incarnation of the Lord 2000–2001.) 12978: 6910: 5265: 3422:

FRANCISCVS PP. PORTAM SANCTAM ANNO MAGNI IVB MM–MMI A IOANNE PAVLO PP. II RESERVATAM ET CLAVSAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO IVB MISERICORDIAE MMXV–MMXVI

1985:

that the architects of St. Peter's looked for solutions as to how to go about building what was conceived, from the outset, as the greatest dome of

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a century earlier and which has since dominated the skyline of Renaissance Florence, and they all called for a strongly symmetrical plan of either

1342:

by the two latter metrics and the second largest by the first as of 2016. The top of its dome, at 448.1 feet (136.6 m), also places it as the

13532: 12841: 12640: 12344: 11221: 11128: 9772: 1758:

Pope Julius' scheme for the grandest building in Christendom was the subject of a competition for which a number of entries remain intact in the

6957: 2115: 1961:. Its internal diameter is 41.47 metres (136.1 ft), slightly smaller than two of the three other huge domes that preceded it, those of the 1934:

end (the ecclesiastical "Eastern end") with its huge centrally placed dome that is the work of Michelangelo. Because of its location within the

1180: 16281: 15721: 13049: 11460: 11368: 10233: 10202: 10138: 4142: 3350: 2487: 2288:, the dismantling of the remaining parts of the Constantinian basilica began. The marble cross that had been set at the top of the pediment by 2174:

A drawing by Michelangelo indicates that his early intentions were towards an ovoid dome, rather than a hemispherical one. In an engraving in

1227:

worldwide. However, unlike all the other Papal Major Basilicas, it is wholly within the territory, and thus the sovereign jurisdiction, of the

6136: 13464: 13024: 9086: 8488: 7709: 6016: 4572: 4503: 4456:

The drum of the dome: 630 feet (190 m) in circumference and 65.6 feet (20.0 m) high, rising to 240 feet (73 m) from the ground

3517:

Set in niches within the four piers supporting the dome are the larger-than-life statues associated with the basilica's primary holy relics:

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between 319 and 333 AD. It was of typical basilical form, a wide nave and two aisles on each side and an apsidal end, with the addition of a

1339: 780: 2240:("... you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church. ... and I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven ..." 16236: 15326: 12798: 12280: 11423: 11006: 10950: 10671: 10298: 9724: 3342:(early 14th century) and represents a ship symbolizing the Christian Church. The mosaic is mostly a 17th-century copy of Giotto's original. 1597:, the old basilica had fallen into disrepair. It appears that the first pope to consider rebuilding or at least making radical changes was 5860: 2719:

and stated his wish to build "a mighty throne for the apostle". His wish came true. As a young man, in 1626, he received the patronage of

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This claim has recently been made for Yamoussoukro Basilica, the dome of which, modelled on St. Peter's, is lower but has a taller cross.

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Of the five portals from the narthex to the interior, three contain notable doors. The central portal has the Renaissance bronze door by

1532: 4917: 2308:. The tombs of various popes were opened, treasures removed and plans made for re-interment in the new basilica. The Pope had appointed 15606: 14849: 11643: 11216: 11019: 9188: 9110: 9099: 8747: 7997: 5186: 6046: 16266: 16226: 15626: 15397: 14729: 10328: 10313: 10195: 9542: 8075: 7638: 6713: 2560:

and a larger rectangular chapel, the Chapel of the Sacrament and the Choir Chapel. These are lavishly decorated with marble, stucco,

1875: 755:; these liturgies draw audiences numbering from 15,000 to over 80,000 people. St. Peter's has many historical associations, with the 697:

in Rome), St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic shrines. It has been described as "holding a unique position in the

5484: 2215:, saw Fontana complete the lantern and had an inscription to the honour of Sixtus V placed around its inner opening. The next pope, 14689: 13221: 11772: 11445: 10788: 10626: 10271: 9141: 5438: 3377:

The northernmost door is the "Holy Door" which, by tradition, is walled-up with bricks, and opened only for holy years such as the

827: 55: 14974: 10578: 5916: 5526: 2767:, of which there are many in the churches of Rome, serving to create a sort of holy space above and around the table on which the 13100: 12960: 12304: 11811: 11111: 11094: 11064: 10793: 10748: 8264: 7877: 1322:

from St. Peter to the reigning Pope. It occupies an elevated position in the apse of the Basilica, supported symbolically by the

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plan, on the other hand, would maximize the apparent width of the facade, which was already perceived as a fault of the design.

2013:, made light by the inclusion of a large amount of the volcanic stones tuff and pumice. The inner surface of the dome is deeply 16271: 15706: 15286: 14854: 12232: 11398: 10463: 7816: 7063: 6248: 6193: 6164: 5986: 4523: 3503:, to contain white stoles embroidered with black crosses and woven with the wool of lambs blessed on the feastday of St. Agnes. 2984:, and for his swift intervention, his town was granted the privilege of providing the palms that are used at the basilica each 2667: 771:

and numerous artists, especially Michelangelo. As a work of architecture, it is regarded as the greatest building of its age.

559: 7989: 3403:(Paul VI, Pontifex Maximus, opened and closed the holy door of this patriarchal Vatican basilica in the jubilee year of 1975.) 16231: 12887: 11236: 11123: 10798: 9896: 9663: 7716: 7144: 6863: 6842: 6809: 6780: 6660: 6641: 6622: 6600: 6577: 6222: 5275: 5248: 3390: 6815: 6487: 2385:

The facade designed by Maderno, is 114.69 metres (376.3 ft) wide and 45.55 metres (149.4 ft) high and is built of

16216: 16211: 15641: 14127: 12227: 11074: 10753: 9761: 9598: 8148: 5886: 5319: 4513: 3393:. Above it are inscriptions commemorating the opening of the door: PAVLVS V PONT MAX ANNO XIII and GREGORIVS XIII PONT MAX. 2507:

Five portals, of which three are framed by huge salvaged antique columns, lead into the basilica. The central portal has a

937:, or entrance hall, which stretches across the building. One of the decorated bronze doors leading from the narthex is the 3254:

within St. Peter's Basilica (extant to various extents), many located beneath the Basilica. These include 91 popes, Saint

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The Development of the Cult of St. Peter in the Vatican: from the poor man's grave to the largest basilica in the world

5340: 4017: 3778:, and which was used for baptisms from the 15th century until the late 17th century, when Fontana's work was completed. 3117:" blessing to the city and to the world. Campanone also announces the death of the pope and an election of a new pope. 2671: 2195:

of the Renaissance, but on the other hand, perhaps more than any other building of the 16th century, it prefigures the

1354:. Though the largest dome in the world by diameter at the time of its completion, it no longer holds this distinction. 775: 694: 5098: 3452:

Along the floor of the nave are markers showing the comparative lengths of other churches, starting from the entrance.

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Bramante had envisioned that the central dome would be surrounded by four lower domes at the diagonal axes. The equal

16206: 15944: 15676: 15546: 14764: 14117: 13882: 13638: 13279: 13140: 13072: 12827: 12222: 12217: 12125: 11428: 11355: 11206: 11186: 10897: 10714: 10363: 9643: 9079: 8481: 8010: 7764: 7631: 7617: 6993: 6427: 5837: 5804: 5587: 5494: 4939: 4543: 4193: 2655: 2456:" and "a third or attic story formed of pilasters and two columns on either side of the open archway in the center". 1895:

century. There were certain common elements in these schemes. They all called for a dome to equal that engineered by

1343: 1274:. Although the New Testament does not mention St. Peter's martyrdom in Rome, tradition, based on the writings of the 849: 34: 16201: 11816: 2683: 751:

functions. The pope presides at a number of liturgies throughout the year both within the basilica or the adjoining

16276: 15741: 15686: 15661: 15316: 14904: 14087: 13253: 13216: 13135: 12195: 11767: 11544: 11433: 10664: 10508: 9913: 9390: 9006: 8331: 8016: 8002: 7689: 7601: 7580: 5134: 4538: 3771: 3263: 1418: 1295: 1212: 674: 670: 609: 3880:, towards the end of the aisle, is the work of Bernini and called by Lees-Milne "one of the greatest tombs of the 16251: 15746: 15646: 15301: 15075: 15060: 14829: 13622: 13441: 13321: 13125: 12988: 12868: 12753: 12371: 12359: 10813: 10699: 9969: 8886: 8209: 8112: 7666: 6505:"Papal Policy: The Planning of Rome during the Renaissance in The Evidence of Art: Images and Meaning in History" 6504: 6076: 4533: 3415:

IOANNES PAVLVS II P.M. ITERVM PORTAM SANCTAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO MAGNI IVBILAEI AB INCARNATIONE DOMINI MM–MMI

3401:

PAVLVS VI PONT MAX HVIVS PATRIARCALIS VATICANAE BASILICAE PORTAM SANCTAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO IVBILAEI MCMLXXV

3019: 1977:, 44 metres (144 ft). It has a greater diameter by approximately 30 feet (9.1 m) than Constantinople's 1825: 1766:

that was selected, and for which the foundation stone was laid in 1506. This plan was in the form of an enormous

1528:

Maarten van Heemskerck – Santa Maria della Febbre, Vatican Obelisk, Saint Peter's Basilica in construction (1532)

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On the decorative pilasters of the piers of the nave are medallions with relief depicting 56 of the first popes.

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Older commemorative plaques are removed to make way for the new plaque when the holy door is opened and sealed.

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Pope Urban desired the towers to be completed by a very specific date: 29 June 1641, the feast day dedicated to

2341:

as truly symbolic of Christianity. The central plan also did not have a "dominant orientation toward the east."

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the size of the towers, and the semi-circular apses more clearly defined by encircling each with an ambulatory.

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James Lees-Milne describes St. Peter's Basilica as "a church with a unique position in the Christian world" in

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is rung at Christmas and Easter, on the Solemnity of Sts. Peter and Paul, and every time the Pope imparts the "

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Giacomo della Porta and Domenico Fontana brought the dome to completion in 1590, the last year of the reign of

2123:

Michelangelo redesigned the dome in 1547, taking into account all that had gone before. His dome, like that of

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Maderno's last work at St. Peter's was to design a crypt-like space or "Confessio" under the dome, where the

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Maderno's façade, with the statues of Saint Peter (left) and Saint Paul (right) flanking the entrance stairs

1414: 15731: 15236: 15140: 14999: 14979: 14704: 12863: 12733: 12688: 12657: 12532: 11864: 11373: 11241: 11158: 11145: 11054: 10818: 10743: 10603: 10583: 10433: 10413: 10308: 10303: 10097: 9908: 9603: 9445: 9072: 8612: 8474: 8436: 8425: 8389: 7870: 7680: 7552: 7303: 6911:"Saint Peter's – Truth Unveiled: Bernini's Bell Towers and the Allegory of Truth: Urban VIII's Bell Towers" 4298: 4208: 3620: 3604: 3086: 1618:

with the preserved nave and side aisles of the old basilica. Some walls for the choir had also been built.

1503:

containing fragments of bones that were folded in a tissue with gold decorations, tinted with the precious

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Catholic tradition holds that Peter, after a ministry of thirty-four years, travelled to Rome and met his

16221: 15823: 15701: 15671: 15377: 15241: 14824: 14819: 14794: 14784: 14769: 14749: 14719: 14586: 14556: 13398: 13316: 13274: 12715: 12574: 11438: 11350: 11231: 10867: 10657: 10593: 10428: 10418: 10393: 10383: 10368: 10348: 10318: 9992: 9832: 9688: 9183: 8665: 8555: 8325: 8257: 7976: 7806: 7673: 6914: 6890: 4664:(technically a 'precursor' and not an apostle); ⑦ Christ (centre, the only one with a halo); ⑧ Andrew, ⑨ 4274: 4148: 4097: 3786: 3287: 3267: 1545: 1537: 1468: 639: 7592: 6894: 6873:

Rasch, Jürgen (1985), "Die Kuppel in der römischen Architektur. Entwicklung, Formgebung, Konstruktion",

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Vestibule: 232.9 feet (71.0 m) wide, 44.2 feet (13.5 m) deep, and 91.8 feet (28.0 m) high

1314:, an ancient chair sometimes presumed to have been used by St. Peter himself, but which was a gift from 16246: 16131: 16051: 15964: 15050: 14799: 14754: 14724: 14092: 13615: 13491: 13296: 13158: 12810: 12723: 12292: 12253: 11879: 11681: 11340: 11282: 11226: 10935: 10398: 10353: 10323: 9736: 9566: 9553: 9435: 9292: 9125: 9034: 9024: 8928: 8622: 8307: 7959: 7056: 5661: 4528: 4292: 3361: 3233: 2659: 2600: 2431:(Paul V (Camillo Borghese), born in Rome but of a Sienese family, liked to emphasize his "Romanness".) 1401:, took a leadership position among Jesus' followers and was of great importance in the founding of the 1220: 958: 790:. Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop; the 120: 6101:

Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 : die Kardinäle unter Coelestin III. und Innocenz III

4708:

The obelisk was originally erected at Heliopolis by an unknown pharaoh of the Fifth dynasty of Egypt (

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Betts, Richard J. (1993). "Structural Innovation and Structural Design in Renaissance Architecture".

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Pope and College of Cardinals from 1191 to 1216: the cardinals under Celestine III. and Innocence III

4626:

Julius II's tomb was left incomplete and was eventually erected in the Church of St Peter ad Vincola.

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of the dome, so that the building, from the front, has no vertical feature, except from a distance.

2140: 1030: 989:, the Chapel of the Madonna of Column, the altar of Saint Peter and the Paralytic, the apse with the 878:

St. Peter's is a church built in the Renaissance style located in the Vatican City west of the River

329: 30: 9440: 4592:" had as a consequence that Catholic Roman Rite patriarchal basilicas are today officially known as 3572: 3469:, with some scholars dating it to the fifth century. One foot of the statue is largely worn away by 16286: 15954: 15711: 15681: 15432: 15346: 15331: 14994: 14969: 14874: 14779: 14734: 14478: 14448: 14155: 14122: 13849: 12911: 12775: 12728: 12569: 12564: 12398: 12190: 11624: 11335: 11101: 10778: 10598: 10573: 10378: 10068: 10026: 9753: 9627: 9331: 9270: 8649: 8061: 6477: 5953: 3588: 2758: 2752: 2537: 2093:

The engraving by Stefan du Pérac was published in 1569, five years after the death of Michelangelo.

1974: 1569:. It was over 103.6 metres (340 ft) long, and the entrance was preceded by a large colonnaded 538: 361: 231: 13284: 6127: 6008: 4175: 3458:

In niches between the pilasters of the nave are statues depicting 39 founders of religious orders.

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Boorsch, Suzanne (Winter 1982–1983). "The Building of the Vatican: The Papacy and Architecture".

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stone, with a giant order of Corinthian columns and a central pediment rising in front of a tall

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and gives distant views of St. Peter's as the visitor approaches, with the basilica acting as a

2813:

in the apse behind it and to the four piers containing large statues that are at each diagonal.

1863: 1151: 1026: 16012: 15852: 15716: 15586: 15566: 15526: 15100: 14949: 14914: 14879: 14869: 14814: 14774: 14709: 14591: 14576: 14546: 14454: 13552: 13526: 12940: 12473: 12447: 11910: 11884: 10836: 10553: 10518: 10473: 10373: 10032: 9925: 9395: 8985: 8950: 8856: 8671: 8525: 8358: 8313: 8250: 8128: 8118: 7800: 7625: 7319: 7264: 7217: 6108:] (in German). Wien : Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften – via 5854: 5486:

The Lands of St. Peter: The Papal State in the Middle Ages and the Early Renaissance, Volume 10

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and includes a portrait of Pope John XXIII kneeling before the crucified figure of Saint Peter.

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with its own small dome but otherwise very similar in form to the Early Renaissance lantern of

1742: 1602: 1578: 1382: 1239: 942: 764: 756: 254: 190: 6699: 5829: 5822: 5796: 5789: 4907: 3754:, (great nephew of Domenico Fontana). The font was carved from the lid of the purple porphyry 2238:

TV ES PETRVS ET SVPER HANC PETRAM AEDIFICABO ECCLESIAM MEAM ET TIBI DABO CLAVES REGNI CAELORVM

15656: 15581: 15496: 15200: 15165: 15055: 14934: 14919: 14839: 14834: 14759: 14566: 14500: 14459: 14300: 14268: 14212: 13380: 13351: 13016: 12793: 12546: 12354: 12275: 12098: 11937: 11932: 11821: 11316: 11089: 10945: 10773: 10538: 10523: 10448: 10443: 10358: 9987: 9952: 9858: 9719: 9658: 9571: 9547: 9503: 9498: 9380: 9287: 9200: 9166: 8881: 8811: 8337: 8177: 8029: 7933: 7913: 7863: 7489: 7464: 7378: 7137: 7049: 7022: 6343: 5224: 4605:

Quarrying of stone for the Colosseum had, in turn, been paid for with treasure looted at the

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sarcophagus lid font replaced an earlier font, which was re-purposed from the sarcophagus of

3346: 3275: 3271: 2930: 2887: 2792: 2604: 2293: 2108: 1958: 1570: 1554: 1513: 1448: 1368: 1351: 1323: 1275: 1191: 1163:. The apse culminates in a sculptural ensemble, also by Bernini, and containing the symbolic 895: 887: 752: 729: 643: 134: 15811: 5194: 15857: 15571: 15476: 15466: 15291: 15190: 15125: 14964: 14909: 14739: 14684: 14654: 14375: 14147: 13867: 13722: 13374: 13263: 12899: 12758: 12314: 12248: 12045: 12028: 11963: 11537: 10568: 10513: 10338: 10266: 10102: 9957: 9945: 9593: 9586: 9375: 9265: 9225: 9220: 8957: 8846: 8705: 8694: 8653: 8626: 8584: 8543: 8513: 8454: 8420: 8403: 8154: 7645: 7427: 7329: 7250: 7189: 7169: 6038: 4508: 4346: 4304: 4103: 3927: 3470: 3446: 3354: 2858: 2809: 2740: 2712: 2596: 2523: 2491: 2258:(To the glory of St Peter; Sixtus V, pope, in the year 1590, the fifth of his pontificate.) 2196: 2041: 1896: 1797: 1413:, and is the literal translation of the Aramaic "Kepa", the name given to Simon by Jesus. ( 1394: 1319: 1307: 1216: 1174:

described St. Peter's as "an ornament of the earth ... the sublime of the beautiful."

1160: 990: 871: 744: 666: 341: 293: 9808: 8289: 1851: 1017:, the Gregorian Chapel with the altar of the Madonna of Succour, the larger Chapel of the 8: 16089: 16077: 15874: 15412: 14789: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14571: 14370: 14360: 14336: 14273: 14250: 14054: 14027: 13899: 13831: 13754: 13707: 13584: 13557: 13165: 12996: 12435: 11920: 11905: 11859: 11678: 11499: 11297: 10841: 10388: 10164: 10039: 9901: 9653: 9455: 9425: 8911: 8497: 8448: 8399: 8385: 7908: 7448: 7441: 6483:

History of Architecture on the Comparative Method for the student, craftsman, and amateur

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Obelisk: 83.6 feet (25.5 m). Total height with base and cross, 132 feet (40 m).

4316: 4286: 4262: 4124: 3885:

four female figures, of whom only the two at the front are fully visible. They represent

3378: 3291: 3255: 2788: 2592: 2330: 2156: 2026: 1606: 1334: 1171: 1126: 1074: 902:. The first space is oval and the second trapezoidal. The façade of the basilica, with a 768: 502: 356: 345: 325: 313: 289: 215: 9930: 7785: 7503: 6969: 5446: 2057:

the design was "too eclectic, too pernickety and too tasteless to have been a success".

1721:

One method employed to finance the building of St. Peter's Basilica was the granting of

1573:. This church had been built over the small shrine believed to mark the burial place of 16065: 16022: 15984: 15974: 15611: 15456: 15451: 15296: 15004: 14894: 14581: 14523: 14495: 14430: 14365: 14132: 14049: 13786: 13744: 13596: 13403: 13326: 12805: 12349: 12287: 12212: 12018: 11976: 11970: 11511: 11378: 11181: 10638: 10608: 10498: 10176: 9803: 9731: 9520: 9465: 9282: 9215: 8876: 8831: 8816: 8712: 8602: 8381: 8021: 7780: 7760: 7559: 7434: 7385: 7309: 6754: 6589: 6535: 6462: 6454: 6398: 6369: 6312: 6099: 5908: 5103:. London, England: Burns, Oates, and Washbourne Limited. pp. 42–66. Archived from 4181: 3877: 3862: 3832: 3767: 3550: 3542: 3442: 3302: 2882: 2842: 2591:

The design of St. Peter's Basilica, and in particular its dome, has greatly influenced

2037: 1970: 1912: 1813: 1779: 1733:

by contributing to the rebuilding program. To facilitate this, he appointed the German

1436: 1110: 1070: 1050: 1002: 982: 7511: 4660:. From left to right: ① Thaddeus, ② Matthew, ③ Philip, ④ Thomas, ⑤ James the Elder, ⑥ 2377: 16017: 15621: 15471: 15392: 15231: 15180: 15070: 14989: 14809: 14611: 14551: 14425: 14414: 14380: 14307: 14217: 14197: 14102: 13914: 13904: 13816: 13801: 13331: 13087: 13064: 12681: 12601: 12596: 12536: 12466: 12013: 11958: 11383: 11290: 10408: 10144: 10092: 9561: 9525: 9336: 9297: 8795: 8576: 8395: 7257: 6859: 6853: 6838: 6832: 6805: 6786: 6776: 6770: 6746: 6705: 6656: 6637: 6618: 6596: 6573: 6527: 6466: 6423: 6406: 6381:

Boorsch, Suzanne (1982). "The Building of the Vatican: The Papacy and Architecture".

6320: 5833: 5800: 5583: 5490: 5271: 5244: 4846: 4334: 4250: 4154: 4085: 3943: 3805:

unveiled in 1819. Opposite it is the memorial of James Francis Edward Stuart's wife,

3747: 3710: 3699: 3676: 3500: 3466: 3318: 3310: 3061: 2784: 2716: 2427:

Borghese, a Roman, Supreme Pontiff, in the year 1612, the seventh of his pontificate)

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A modern conjectural reconstruction of the relative locations of the circus, and the

1290:

St. Peter's Basilica is neither the Pope's official seat nor first in rank among the

1263: 1114: 1106: 1090: 998: 966: 305: 6729:

McClendon, Charles (1989). "The History of the Site of St. Peter's Basilica, Rome".

2698: 2234:

Around the inside of the dome is written, in letters 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) high:

1458:

According to tradition, Peter's remains were buried just outside the Circus, on the

16165: 15795: 15691: 15556: 15511: 15501: 15266: 15195: 15155: 15080: 15028: 15019: 15009: 14944: 14669: 14517: 14489: 14232: 14137: 14044: 13960: 13862: 13811: 13761: 13727: 13697: 13542: 12788: 12559: 12270: 12153: 12008: 12003: 11826: 11796: 11716: 11711: 11562: 10907: 10613: 10548: 10218: 10187: 10021: 9879: 9714: 9608: 9370: 9360: 9346: 9323: 9304: 9158: 9029: 8891: 8826: 8756: 8616: 8590: 8430: 7943: 7918: 7700: 7392: 7336: 6766: 6738: 6695: 6519: 6446: 6390: 6361: 6304: 6292: 6109: 5982: 4911: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4432:

Total area: 227,070 square feet (21,095 m), more than 5 acres (20,000 m).

4380: 4322: 4280: 3886: 3817: 3725: 3718: 3668: 3558: 3518: 3477: 3049: 3045: 3005: 2976: 2838: 2826: 2612: 2453: 2402: 2313: 2289: 2160: 2103: 2054: 2002: 1838: 1686: 1682: 1642: 1452: 1346:

as of 2016. The dome's soaring height placed it among the tallest buildings of the

1315: 1223:. The rank of major basilica confers on St. Peter's Basilica precedence before all 1102: 1058: 612: 604: 580: 321: 301: 91: 4468:

Each arm of the colonnade: 306 feet (93 m) long, and 64 feet (20 m) high

3371: 2991: 2417:

IN HONOREM PRINCIPIS APOST PAVLVS V BVRGHESIVS ROMANVS PONT MAX AN MDCXII PONT VII

2040:, the desired visual appearance of the pointed dome existed for many years before 1211:

of Rome the others (all of which are also Papal Basilicas) being the Basilicas of

16004: 15989: 15930: 15892: 15751: 15402: 15341: 15205: 15170: 15150: 15105: 15095: 14804: 14617: 14400: 14202: 14142: 14064: 13974: 13967: 13857: 13836: 13806: 13766: 13732: 13712: 13682: 13657: 13537: 12932: 12518: 12309: 12207: 12200: 12168: 11806: 11614: 11530: 11255: 10458: 10403: 10222: 10076: 9940: 9863: 9483: 9412: 9341: 8871: 8851: 8836: 8770: 8559: 8442: 8187: 8084: 7964: 7928: 7923: 7790: 7756: 7371: 6799: 6610: 6481: 5070: 4593: 4352: 4310: 4232: 4220: 3821: 3775: 3714: 3656: 3562: 3279: 2999:

The other object in the old square with which Bernini had to contend was a large

2935: 2910:, illuminating, at its centre, the Dove of the Holy Spirit. The elderly painter, 2903: 2720: 2648: 2640: 2448: 2398: 2297: 2175: 2163:. The five-year reign of Sixtus was to see the building advance at a great rate. 1763: 1734: 1725:

in return for contributions. A major promoter of this method of fund-raising was

1710: 1706: 1702: 1650: 1598: 1303: 1284: 1255: 1082: 1042: 1022: 690: 682: 654: 631: 473: 195: 6949:‒ unofficial website on the basilica, with images and text from different books. 5878: 4465:

St. Peter's Square: 1,115 feet (340 m) long, 787.3 feet (240.0 m) wide

4340: 3364:(called Filarete) (1455), enlarged to fit the new space. The southern door, the 2955:

inspiration of Bernini who inherited a location already occupied by an Egyptian

2304:

columns, the largest of their kind, were carefully stored and later used in the

15897: 15651: 15616: 15506: 15486: 15461: 15351: 15145: 15120: 14954: 14939: 14929: 14642: 14442: 14436: 14420: 14341: 14331: 14279: 14257: 14207: 14166: 13909: 13821: 13692: 13677: 13672: 13662: 13652: 13238: 13198: 13000: 12944: 12763: 12718: 12650: 12606: 12584: 12579: 12413: 12366: 12336: 12330: 12115: 12108: 11991: 11874: 11801: 11749: 11721: 11669: 11592: 11360: 11266: 10558: 10543: 10533: 10290: 10248: 9818: 9691: 9638: 9385: 9248: 9210: 9178: 9044: 8861: 8821: 8375: 7938: 7613: 7455: 7129: 6966:- A self-directed virtual tour of St. Peter's Basilica and other Roman churches 4363: 3986: 3982: 3856: 3554: 3534: 3102: 3098: 2964: 2876: 2144: 1962: 1771: 1759: 1678: 1638: 1630: 1621: 1594: 1593:

By the end of the 15th century, having been neglected during the period of the

1496: 1444: 1410: 1397:

that one of his twelve disciples, Simon known as Saint Peter, a fisherman from

1291: 1267: 1224: 1208: 1204: 1086: 1066: 962: 721: 635: 592: 490: 372: 247: 106: 10649: 6572:. Vol. 2 (12th ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. pp. 499–500, 571–575. 5856:

Galassi Alghisii Carpens., apud Alphonsum II. Ferrariae Ducem architecti, opus

3278:, Cardinal Bishop of Frascati, are buried here, having been granted asylum by 2798: 2515:

c. 1440 for the old basilica and somewhat enlarged to fit the new space.

2276: 2131:

of Florence Cathedral, and therefore exerting less outward thrust than does a

16195: 15994: 15907: 15902: 15882: 15847: 15696: 15516: 15491: 15422: 15175: 15130: 14924: 14744: 14540: 14225: 14192: 14059: 14020: 13929: 13919: 13796: 13771: 13749: 13702: 13469: 12949: 12591: 12554: 12503: 12500: 11619: 11030:

Activities of Public Juridical Persons of the Church in the Healthcare Sector

10528: 10343: 10009: 9999: 9488: 9400: 9365: 8991: 8906: 8866: 8841: 8699: 8596: 8580: 8354: 8301: 8273: 7471: 7357: 7007: 6750: 6531: 5612: 5332: 4328: 3751: 3664: 3382: 2972: 2959:

which was centrally placed, (with some contrivance) to Maderno's facade. The

2911: 2420: 2309: 2152: 1935: 1927: 1738: 1674: 1646: 1509: 1451:

and is revered as a "witness" to Peter's death. It is one of several ancient

1429: 1299: 1118: 1078: 1062: 1006: 930: 678: 662: 337: 333: 163: 150: 6410: 6336: 6324: 5217: 4000: 796:

of the pope as bishop of Rome is at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran.

16101: 16038: 15979: 15959: 15925: 15912: 15887: 15576: 15387: 15215: 15210: 15160: 15090: 14959: 14648: 14635: 14352: 13981: 13826: 13791: 13781: 13776: 13739: 13667: 13346: 13248: 12710: 12645: 12611: 12527: 12510: 12158: 12068: 12035: 11983: 11782: 11705: 11638: 11605: 11578: 11310: 10563: 10004: 9683: 9613: 9195: 9136: 9095: 9039: 8780: 7296: 7072: 6790: 6709: 5293: 5104: 4585: 4268: 4160: 4005: 3964: 3942:

The bronze statue of Saint Peter holding the keys of heaven, attributed to

3866: 3695: 3660: 3530: 3526: 3485: 3114: 3033: 2874:

Bernini then turned his attention to another precious relic, the so-called

2702:

The apse with St. Peter's Cathedral supported by four Doctors of the Church

2551:

who flutter against the first piers of the nave, carrying between them two

2469: 2216: 1981:

church, completed in 537. It was to the domes of the Pantheon and Florence

1978: 1966: 1891: 1775: 1662: 1658: 1625: 1492: 1475: 1463: 1459: 1435:. His execution was one of the many martyrdoms of Christians following the 1405:. The name Peter is "Petrus" in Latin and "Petros" in Greek, deriving from 1402: 1247: 1228: 1146: 1122: 1094: 986: 978: 698: 658: 616: 266: 208: 183: 5582:(First ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1998. pp. 276–282. 4947: 4404:

Interior length including vestibule: 693.8 feet (211.5 m), more than

3437:

On the first piers of the nave are two Holy Water basins held by pairs of

1804:, who both died in 1515 (Bramante himself having died the previous year). 15417: 15256: 15045: 14407: 14293: 14187: 14002: 13995: 13935: 13564: 12783: 12672: 12523: 12378: 12265: 12185: 12120: 12103: 12063: 11869: 10680: 9766: 9709: 7364: 7350: 7343: 7289: 5513:

excavation has revealed that the tomb of the apostle was wantonly smashed

3828: 3763: 3755: 3492:

army. This has now been moved to the back (eastern) end of the grottoes.

3397:

Recently installed commemorative plaques read above the door as follows:

3295: 3239: 3057: 3029: 2985: 2968: 2863: 2624: 2424: 2390: 2366: 2338: 2334: 2325:, a group drawn from various nationalities and generally despised by the 2296:

was lowered to the ground. The timbers were salvaged for the roof of the

2285: 2212: 2148: 1986: 1945: 1908: 1900: 1767: 1730: 1722: 1698: 1694: 1666: 1615: 1574: 1480: 1390: 1327: 1098: 1054: 1046: 1038: 1014: 926: 907: 903: 709: 702: 259: 11084:

College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata

10281: 9064: 6437:

Finch, Margaret (1991). "The Cantharus and Pigna at Old Saint Peter's".

4997:"St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican Is Not The Official Church Of The Pope" 3977: 650:

began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.

15536: 15446: 14314: 13988: 13953: 13547: 12745: 12148: 12023: 11927: 11915: 11889: 11787: 10846: 8662:(gates of the Blessed Sacrament Chapel and possibly parts of baldachin) 7573: 6758: 6402: 4491: 3994: 3538: 3522: 2899: 2830: 2822: 2552: 2386: 2224: 2220: 2192: 1783: 1634: 954: 911: 834: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 733: 620: 485: 220: 11027:

Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion

8466: 6539: 6458: 6373: 6316: 6251:(Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 5 February 2005. 6196:(Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 31 October 2006. 6068: 4477:

Weight of obelisk: 360.2 short tons (326,800 kg; 720,400 lb)

3746:

The first chapel in the south aisle is the baptistry, commissioned by

3694:

supported by two kneeling angels and with behind it a painting of the

3686:

which contains the tabernacle by Bernini (1664) resembling Bramante's

2951:). The present arrangement, constructed between 1656 and 1667, is the 2119:

The dome was brought to completion by Giacomo della Porta and Fontana.

2098: 2005:

depicting Bramante's design, including the four flanking smaller domes

1234: 15786: 15561: 15531: 14346: 14081: 13687: 13453: 13268: 12916: 12815: 12297: 12132: 12073: 11942: 10735: 9741: 8965: 8901: 8896: 8775: 8516:(restoration, 1638–1639; decoration of the Trinity Chapel, 1628–1639) 7811: 5156: 4610: 3898: 3897:, its head hidden beneath the shroud, but its right hand carrying an 3511: 3013: 2907: 2895: 2852: 2834: 2829:, with the miraculous image of the face of Christ, a fragment of the 2780: 2772: 2768: 2728: 2663: 2565: 2322: 2171:

around the spire at the top of the lantern, as proposed by Sangallo.

2050: 2030: 2014: 1611: 1566: 1425: 1347: 1279: 1251: 1156: 938: 918: 899: 883: 862: 686: 549: 281: 202: 16182: 13607: 11033:

Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy

6742: 6394: 6167:(Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 24 April 2002. 4462:

The ball and cross: 8 and 16 feet (2.4 and 4.9 m), respectively

1770:

with a dome inspired by that of the huge circular Roman temple, the

1585:

has been used for its predecessor to distinguish the two buildings.

1550:

Old St. Peter's Basilica was the fourth-century church begun by the

809: 126: 16060: 15969: 15261: 14286: 14161: 13591: 12699: 12489: 12442: 12408: 12383: 12088: 11738: 11656: 11587: 11570: 11506: 10828: 10684: 10633: 10238: 10171: 10054: 9120: 8725: 7891: 6946: 6523: 6450: 6365: 6308: 5820:

De la Croix, Horst; Tansey, Richard G.; Kirkpatrick, Diane (1991).

5787:

De la Croix, Horst; Tansey, Richard G.; Kirkpatrick, Diane (1991).

4435:

Internal area: 163,182.2 square feet (3.75 acres; 15,160.12 m)

3852: 3733: 3489: 3386: 3299: 3243: 3101:. They range from the smallest which is 260 kg to the massive 3000: 2675: 2580: 2544: 2512: 2349: 2208: 2124: 2010: 1558: 1500: 1311: 974: 970: 792: 647: 297: 8522:(ground break, 1638; dedication, 1646; works continued afterwards) 8053: 2678:, which replicates many aspects of St Peter's on a smaller scale. 1428:

there along with Paul on 13 October 64 AD during the reign of the

15246: 12093: 12053: 8785: 8316:(original project by Francesco Capriani; completion in 1604–1609) 3881: 3759: 3546: 3345:

At each end of the narthex is an equestrian figure, to the north

3259: 2981: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2891: 2818: 2787:

had a special significance as they were modelled on those of the

2724: 2561: 2501: 2483: 2406: 2305: 2241: 1931: 1926:

As it stands today, St. Peter's has been extended with a nave by

1805: 1790: 1551: 1398: 1373: 1130: 961:, the larger Choir Chapel, the altar of the Transfiguration, the 934: 748: 708:

Catholic tradition holds that the basilica is the burial site of

623: 468: 365: 8242: 6855:

Basilica: the Splendor and the Scandal – Building of St. Peter's

2971:

of Saint Peter. Its removal to its present location by order of

2967:

in 37 AD, where it is thought to have stood witness to the

1207:(previously styled "patriarchal basilicas") and one of the four 874:

and the Basilica. The iconic dome dominates the skyline of Rome.

15271: 12904: 11851: 8790: 7971:

Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects

7041: 4441:

Façade: 167 feet (51 m) high by 375 feet (114 m) wide

4438:

Height from pavement to top of cross: 448.1 feet (136.6 m)

4390: 3802: 3481: 3438: 3339: 2736: 2636: 2628: 2620: 2569: 2557: 2548: 2508: 2410: 2394: 2362: 2354: 2345: 2301: 2168: 2132: 1940: 1842: 1440: 1133:. At the heart of the basilica, beneath the high altar, is the 994: 778:, amongst the four churches in the world that hold the rank of 16084: 4877:"St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro) in Rome, Italy" 4471:

The colonnades have 284 columns, 88 pilasters, and 140 statues

2482:

Behind the façade of St. Peter's stretches a long portico or "

894:

dominates the skyline of Rome. The basilica is approached via

16107: 15666: 12083: 12058: 11728: 11664: 11404:

Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church

10903:

Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff

8102: 6295:(1968). "The Constantinian Basilica of Saint Peter at Rome". 5968:

The Renaissance in Italy: Architecture • Sculpture • Frescoes

4614: 3894: 3890: 3724:

At the end of the aisle is an altar containing the relics of

3507: 3314: 3053: 3009: 2644: 2436: 2401:(except Saint Peter, whose statue is left of the stairs) and 2326: 1982: 1504: 1259: 879: 867: 713: 13297:

Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples

9256: 6114:

corrections of Miranda for the period before 1190 until 1254

5819: 5786: 4450:

The circumference of the central piers: 240 feet (73 m)

4447:

The internal columns and pilasters: 92 feet (28 m) tall

3667:. The space below the altar used to be the resting place of 3499:("Niche of Stoles") which contains a bronze urn, donated by 3381:

by the Pope. The present door is bronze and was designed by

2735:), the Chapel of the Sacrament, the plan for the niches and 2280:

Michelangelo's plan extended with Maderno's nave and narthex

13179: 12707: 12507: 12458: 12078: 11660: 11637: 11602: 11553: 9680: 9132: 8191: 8181: 8142: 8132: 8122: 6701:

Saint Peter's – the story of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome

5320:

Outline of St. Peter's, Old St. Peter's, and Circus of Nero

4389:

Cost of construction of the basilica: more than 46,800,052

4383:

are seen in St. Peter's Basilica at certain times each day.

3675:

on 8 April 2011. This was done to make way for the body of

3652:, who abdicated in 1654 in order to convert to Catholicism. 3461:

Set against the north east pier of the dome is a statue of

3251: 2527:

Maderno's nave, looking towards the chancel, as painted by

2128: 2022: 1911:

with the transepts of identical form to the chancel, as at

1601:(1447–1455). He commissioned work on the old building from 1562: 1432: 1271: 922: 891: 760: 725: 669:, St. Peter's is one of the most renowned works of Italian 627: 436: 130: 6225:(Press release). Holy See Press Office. 20 February 2021. 5232: 4644:

The dome of Florence Cathedral is depicted in a fresco at

4417:

Length of the transepts in interior: 451 feet (137 m)

4358:

Comastri was named Coadjutor Archpriest on 5 February 2005

3679:. His remains were placed beneath the altar on 2 May 2011. 2995:

One of the two fountains which form the axis of the piazza

1796:

When Pope Julius died in 1513, Bramante was replaced with

1318:

and used by many popes, symbolizes the continuing line of

1294:

of Rome. This honour is held by the Pope's cathedral, the

11522: 9813: 8194:(original design c. 1501; demolished in the 17th century) 5912: 5775:

Michelangelo and the architecture of St. Peter's Basilica

5263: 3901:

stretched upward towards the kneeling figure of the pope.

3641:

In the first chapel of the north aisle is Michelangelo's

642:, which was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor 630:, Italy. It was initially planned in the 15th century by 13414:

House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul

4549:

List of tallest structures built before the 20th century

3648:

On the first pier in the right aisle is the monument of

1821:. Peruzzi died in 1536 without his plan being realized. 784:, all four of which are in Rome, and is also one of the 11586: 6570:

Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective

4746:"Take Amazing 360° Tour of St. Peter's in Vatican City" 2775:

and emphasizing the significance of this ritual. These

2231:

precaution, as Brunelleschi did at Florence Cathedral.

1992: 1741:, whose salesmanship provoked a scandal and led to the 898:, a forecourt in two sections, both surrounded by tall 11394:

Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters

10987:

Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia

6678:. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 5943: 5699: 5697: 5127:"St. Peter's Basilica – Interior of the Basilica" 4429:

Internal height of nave: 151.5 feet (46.2 m) high

3762:, and is surmounted with a gilt-bronze figure of the " 2757:

Bernini's first work at St. Peter's was to design the

2256:

S. PETRI GLORIAE SIXTVS PP. V. A. M. D. XC. PONTIF. V.

2227:

and the other containing medallions of the Holy Lamb.

2053:

and surmounted by a spire of conic form. According to

1812:

In 1520 Raphael also died, aged 37, and his successor

16292:

17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy

16049: 6942:"Virtual Reality Tour of the Basilica of Saint Peter" 6804:(second ed.). London: Laurence King Publishing. 5527:"The Eschatological Dimension of Church Architecture" 3465:, sometimes attributed to late 13th-century sculptor 3317:, is the recently discovered vaulted fourth-century " 1952: 1393:

of Jesus, it is recorded in the Biblical book of the

13307:

Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches

10873:

Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See

10217: 6953:

360 Degree Photographs Inside Saint Peter's Basilica

6631: 6564: 5756: 5744: 5643: 3914:

The Holy Door is opened only for great celebrations.

13482: 13364: 10764:

Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments

10698: 9516:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici

8151:(original project attributed, ground breaking 1508) 6039:"The Seminarian GuidesNorth American College, Rome" 5694: 5461: 5333:"Jerome, De Viris Illustribus (On Illustrious Men)" 2727:period. Bernini's works at St. Peter's include the 2586: 2099:

Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585

1029:. The Monuments, in a clockwise direction, are to: 11070:Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors 6588: 6354:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 6297:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 5821: 5788: 4426:Internal width at transepts: 451 feet (137 m) 3294:, who abdicated her throne in order to convert to 3075:View of Rome from the Dome of St. Peter's Basilica 2853:Cathedra Petri and Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament 2262: 11832:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province 11192:Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon 6632:Hintzen-Bohlen, Brigitte; Sorges, Jürgen (2001). 6617:(6th ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. 6069:"Essay of a General List of Cardinals (494-2022)" 5852: 3480:(see above) contained a large kneeling statue by 2715:(1598–1680) visited St. Peter's with the painter 1283:finished in 1615. At length, on 18 November 1626 16193: 11326: 11117:Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews 10784:Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life 8558:(project and direction, 1653–1667; continued by 7857:Study of a Kneeling Nude Girl for The Entombment 7838: 6568:; Kleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2005). 5853:Alghisi, Galasso; Thebaldius, Dominicus (1563). 5300: 4453:Outer diameter of dome: 137.7 feet (42.0 m) 997:, the altar of St. Petronilla, the altar of the 701:world", and as "the greatest of all churches of 11129:Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims 10958:Supervisory and Financial Information Authority 10679: 4648:that pre-dates its building by about 100 years. 4588:'s theological act of renouncing the title of " 4395:Geographic orientation: chancel west, nave east 3758:which had once held the remains of the Emperor 3321:". (See below for some descriptions of tombs). 3087:coat of arms for the city-state of Vatican City 2825:, said to have pierced the side of Christ, the 2682:has seen free adaptations of St Peter's in the 2111:showing the dome rising behind Maderno's façade 1483:, many Christians chose to be buried near him. 977:with altars to the Crucifixion of Saint Peter, 11451:Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People 11369:Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics 10234:Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province of Rome 8145:(original design, 1503, ground breaking, 1506) 5983:"St Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro)" 5489:. University of California Press. p. 57. 5241:The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History 4494:of St. Peter's Basilica at sundown (view from 2706: 2271: 1886: 1340:largest Christian church building in the world 1159:, or canopy over the Papal Altar, designed by 13623: 13465:Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide 12474: 11538: 10665: 10203: 9080: 8741: 8482: 8258: 8069: 7057: 5974: 5873: 5871: 5482: 4609:and destruction of the temple by the emperor 4573:Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro 4504:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 4423:Width at the tribune: 78.7 feet (24.0 m) 3789:, known as the "Old Pretender" and his sons, 2688:Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro 1716: 677:by interior measure. While it is neither the 83: 11424:Pontifical Council for Social Communications 11140:Pontifical Work for Ecclesiastical Vocations 10951:Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology 6586: 6486:(6th, enlarged ed.). London: Batsford. 5716: 5559: 4773: 4771: 3985:in Saint Peter's Basilica two days before a 3838:The large chapel off the south aisle is the 3023:Evening aerial view of the piazza and facade 2939:St. Peter's Basilica and the piazza at night 1362: 577:Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican 74:Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican 15722:Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria 12893:Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe 6960:: Vatican ‒ Satellite image of the Basilica 6417: 6223:"Resignations and Appointments, 20.02.2021" 6217: 6215: 5828:(9th ed.). Thomson/Wadsworth. p. 5795:(9th ed.). Thomson/Wadsworth. p. 5769: 5767: 5765: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4289:(12 December 1881 – 16 September 1892) 3781:Against the first pier of the aisle is the 3682:The large chapel on the right aisle is the 1727:Albrecht, Archbishop of Mainz and Magdeburg 1519: 693:(these equivalent titles being held by the 98: 15: 15873: 15607:Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum 13630: 13616: 12481: 12467: 11545: 11531: 11456:Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers 11274:Prelate Secretary of the Vicariate of Rome 11271:Auxiliary Bishops of the Vicariate of Rome 10672: 10658: 10210: 10196: 9087: 9073: 8748: 8734: 8489: 8475: 8265: 8251: 8076: 8062: 7998:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes 7064: 7050: 6775:(7th ed.). Baltimore: Penguin Books. 6694: 6334: 5970:. New York: The Viking Press. p. 279. 5949: 5868: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5467: 5412: 5215: 5096: 4863: 4832: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4800: 3861:The south transept contains the altars of 16: 9543:Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri 9094: 7639:The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants 6731:Perspecta: The Yale Architectural Journal 6728: 6291: 5131:Internet Portal of the Vatican City State 5045:"St. Peter's Square – Statue of St. Paul" 4768: 4307:(12 January 1914 – 26 February 1930) 3972: 3449:and sculptor Francesco Moderati, (1720s). 2746: 1246:It is the most prominent building in the 973:Entrance, the Altar of the Lie, the left 850:Learn how and when to remove this message 585:Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano 15772:Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum 14690:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 13222:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 11773:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 11263:Vicar General for the Vatican City State 10719:Secretary for Pontifical Representations 10272:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 8611:(worked in the 1650s; co-autorship with 6669: 6476: 6212: 6188: 6186: 6159: 6157: 6135:. Vol. LXXXIII. 1991. p. 631. 6097: 5762: 5704: 5688: 5675: 5627: 5625: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 4983: 4905: 4850: 4668:, ⑩ James the Younger, ⑪ Bartholomew, ⑫ 4486: 4375: 4205:Giovanni Evangelista Palotta (1589–1620) 3999: 3976: 3793:, known as "Bonnie Prince Charlie", and 3370:, was designed by 20th-century sculptor 3238: 3070: 3018: 2990: 2934: 2862: 2797: 2697: 2693: 2599:. Within Rome, the huge domed church of 2522: 2468: 2376: 2275: 2252:Beneath the lantern is the inscription: 2114: 2102: 1996: 1531: 1523: 1372: 1350:, and it continues to hold the title of 1233: 1013:, the altar of St. Jerome, the altar of 933:in the world. The entrance is through a 861: 774:St. Peter's is ranked second, after the 24:This is an accepted version of this page 16257:1626 establishments in the Papal States 11817:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church 11812:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles 11267:Vicar General for the Vicariate of Rome 11095:Pontifical Commission for Latin America 8674:(Filomarino Family Chapel design, 1646) 8496: 6765: 6502: 6383:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 6380: 5721: 5562:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5239:Ellis, Edward Robb (21 December 2004). 4797: 4331:(14 August 1961 – 8 February 1983) 4301:(21 March 1894 – 16 December 1913) 3313:, on 5 January 2023. Beneath, near the 3109:dates from 1288 and the bourdon called 1262:and, according to tradition, the first 14: 16194: 15707:Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia 14695:Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican 11399:Special Administration of the Holy See 11106:Pontifical Work for Priestly Vocations 8605:(remodelling, 1646, façade and loggia) 8157:(original project attributed, c. 1509) 7817:Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri 6851: 6274: 6267: 6122: 6120: 6073:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church 5965: 5919:from the original on 26 September 2022 5655: 5069: 5051:from the original on 26 September 2022 4994: 4524:Index of Vatican City-related articles 4420:Width of nave: 90.2 feet (27.5 m) 4325:(14 November 1959 – 30 July 1961) 4319:(14 March 1939 – 2 November 1959) 4283:(10 July 1872 – 30 November 1881) 2668:Immaculate Heart of Mary in Pittsburgh 2477: 1302:of all churches in communion with the 1009:, Saints Processo and Martiniano, and 16282:Gian Lorenzo Bernini church buildings 14975:Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio 13637: 13611: 12959: 12462: 11526: 10653: 10579:Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio 10191: 9068: 8729: 8470: 8246: 8057: 7837: 7738: 7533: 7104: 7045: 6872: 6830: 6818:from the original on 22 February 2024 6609: 6436: 6351: 6183: 6154: 5631: 5622: 5599: 5524: 5503:from the original on 22 February 2024 5306: 5284:from the original on 22 February 2024 5238: 5167:from the original on 25 December 2017 5019: 5007:from the original on 15 February 2019 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4920:from the original on 3 September 2023 4887:from the original on 23 February 2015 4842: 4840: 4459:The lantern: 63 feet (19 m) high 4355:(31 October 2006 – 20 February 2021) 4271:(11 March 1843 – 7 October 1870) 4265:(1 July 1837 – 24 February 1843) 3488:, who was captured and mistreated by 3391:Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry 3329: 3305:, supporter of the Papacy during the 3246:for the crypt in St. Peter's Basilica 2924: 1729:, who had to clear debts owed to the 1565:, giving the building the shape of a 603: 56:St. Peter's Basilica (disambiguation) 16114: 15382:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy 14730:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana 11075:International Theological Commission 11059:International Council for Catechesis 11002:International Eucharistic Congresses 10329:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana 9978: 8755: 8149:Santa Maria della Consolazione, Todi 7421:Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours 6797: 6650: 6512:Journal of Interdisciplinary History 6347:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 5937: 5931: 5777:, lecture, Sydney University, (1982) 5580:Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide 5439:"University of Alberta Express News" 5355: 5228:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4613:'s general (and the future emperor) 4514:History of early modern period domes 4337:(8 February 1983 – 1 July 1991) 4295:(6 October 1892 – 9 March 1894) 4133:Pedro Fernandez de Frias (1412–1420) 3736:(Giovanni Francesco Barbieri), 1623. 3539:spear that pierced the side of Jesus 3476:The sunken Confessio leading to the 3441:each 2 metres high, commissioned by 3196:Campanoncino (Mezzana, Benedittina) 2849:is the work of Bernini. (See below) 2802:The altar with Bernini's baldacchino 1993:Bramante and Sangallo, 1506 and 1513 1782:designed for Brunelleschi's dome by 1326:and enlightened symbolically by the 1005:, the right transept with altars of 832:adding citations to reliable sources 803: 743:St. Peter's is famous as a place of 16237:Tourist attractions in Vatican City 15398:Column of the Immaculate Conception 15327:in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere 13497:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi 11837:Sovereign of the Vatican City State 11346:Congregation for Catholic Education 10913:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church 10880:Commission for Confidential Matters 8328:(direction of the works, 1602–1620) 8304:(reconstruction project, 1595–1603) 8083: 6837:. San Francisco: Harper & Row. 6772:An Outline of European Architecture 6682:from the original on 26 August 2021 6490:from the original on 1 January 2024 6194:"Rinunce e Nomine, 31 October 2006" 6117: 6079:from the original on 15 August 2021 5909:"Rare Michelangelo sketch for sale" 5865:pp. 44, 147 of Google PDF download. 5553: 5436: 5077:. Companion Guides. pp. 615–6. 4565: 4554:List of tourist attractions in Rome 4398:Total length: 730 feet (220 m) 4313:(25 March 1930 – 2 March 1939) 4277:(8 October 1870 – 7 July 1872) 4115:Hugues de Saint-Martial (1374–1378) 3967:, 1498–1499, is in the north aisle. 3827:Against the piers are the tombs of 3349:by Bernini (1670) and to the south 3232:For a more comprehensive list, see 3227: 2943:To the east of the basilica is the 2443: 2372: 1753: 1278:, holds that his tomb is below the 1203:St. Peter's Basilica is one of the 993:, the altar of Saint Peter raising 736:of the basilica, also known as the 133:of St. Peter's Basilica, seen from 48: 15727:Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome 14680:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 13502:Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua 13212:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 11758:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 11735:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 11409:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei 11048:Councils, commissions, and offices 10931:Labour Office of the Apostolic See 10424:S. Giovanni Bosco in Via Tuscolana 10257:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 8644:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 8532:Santa Maria dei Sette Dolori, Rome 6893:. 28 October 2010 . Archived from 6716:from the original on 20 April 2015 6615:History of Italian Renaissance Art 5879:"Michelangelo 'last sketch' found" 5863:from the original on 3 April 2023. 5757:Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya 2005 5745:Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya 2005 5644:Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya 2005 5209: 4962: 4837: 4781:(in Italian). Vatican City State. 4658:Another view of the façade statues 4401:Total width: 500 feet (150 m) 3671:but his remains were moved to the 3559:veil with the image of Jesus' face 3266:. Exiled Catholic British royalty 2898:representing the Latin Church and 2672:Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral 2409:on the 1 metre (3.3 ft) tall 1953:Dome: successive and final designs 1588: 1467:Almost three hundred years later, 776:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 695:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 49: 16303: 15677:Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica 15642:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna 14118:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 13280:Pontifical North American College 12842:Section for Relations with States 11429:Pontifical Council for the Family 11356:Congregation of the Vatican Press 10898:Prefecture of the Papal Household 10715:Section for Relations with States 9824:Postage stamps and postal history 8292:(co-autorship, late 16th-century) 8272: 7632:Separation of Light from Darkness 6923: 6672:"Chapter III: Christian Churches" 6595:(6th ed.). Oxford: Phaidon. 6549:from the original on 27 July 2020 5980: 5889:from the original on 20 June 2017 5343:from the original on 17 July 2019 5216:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 5087:Ralph Waldo Emerson, 7 April 1833 4785:from the original on 19 July 2020 4544:List of tallest buildings in Rome 4371: 4349:(24 April 2002 – 31 October 2006) 4109:Guillaume de La Jugie (1362–1365) 3812:The second chapel is that of the 2739:in the piers of the dome and the 2656:St. Mary of the Angels in Chicago 2518: 1969:, 43.3 metres (142 ft), and 1762:, Florence. It was the design of 1409:which means "stone" or "rock" in 1287:solemnly dedicated the Basilica. 605:[baˈziːlikadisamˈpjɛːtro] 16267:Donato Bramante church buildings 16227:Renaissance architecture in Rome 16174: 16157: 16140: 16123: 16095: 16083: 16071: 16059: 15742:Museum of the Liberation of Rome 15687:Museo delle anime del Purgatorio 15637:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica 15627:Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna 14088:Temple of Antoninus and Faustina 13590: 13578: 12974:Extraordinary general assemblies 12441: 12429: 11505: 11493: 11434:Pontifical Council for the Laity 11351:Sacred Congregation of the Index 10632: 10280: 10170: 10158: 9965:Philatelic and Numismatic Office 8332:Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome 8004:The Titan: Story of Michelangelo 7739: 7071: 6877:, vol. 15, pp. 117–139 6341:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 6255:from the original on 7 June 2023 6229:from the original on 9 June 2023 6200:from the original on 7 June 2023 6171:from the original on 8 June 2023 6142:from the original on 16 May 2023 6049:from the original on 3 July 2017 6019:from the original on 5 July 2017 5989:from the original on 11 May 2021 5541:from the original on 9 July 2017 4539:List of Roman Catholic basilicas 4259:(6 May 1820 – 18 June 1837) 4056:Giovanni da Sutri (1176/78–1180) 3950: 3935: 3919: 3907: 3842:which contains the altar of the 3659:, contains the statues of popes 3655:The second chapel, dedicated to 3619: 3603: 3587: 3571: 3309:. The most recent interment was 3264:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina 2587:Influence on church architecture 2488:equestrian statue of Charlemagne 2393:surmounted by thirteen statues: 2333:which increasingly associated a 2086: 2074: 2062: 1874: 1862: 1850: 1579:the tomb was "smashed" in 846 AD 1471:was constructed over this site. 1296:Archbasilica of St. John Lateran 1179: 808: 119: 15747:National Museum of Oriental Art 15647:Giorgio de Chirico House Museum 15076:Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari 15061:Domus Internationalis Paulus VI 13442:Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo 13342:Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo 13322:Pontifical Minor Roman Seminary 13121:Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno 8887:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger 8340:(possible collaboration, 1620s) 8115:(1492–1498) (cloister and apse) 8113:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan 6335:Baumgarten, Paul Maria (1913). 6284: 6241: 6091: 6061: 6031: 6001: 5959: 5901: 5846: 5813: 5780: 5749: 5710: 5681: 5668: 5649: 5636: 5605: 5593: 5572: 5518: 5476: 5472:, US: Clark Baxter, p. 671 5430: 5417: 5325: 5312: 5257: 5179: 5149: 5119: 5090: 5081: 5063: 5037: 4988: 4913:Guide to Saint Peter's Basilica 4718: 4702: 4693: 4651: 4638: 4629: 4620: 4599: 4579: 4534:List of oldest church buildings 3684:Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament 3089:since 1931 held by two angels. 2337:plan with paganism and saw the 2263:Discovery of Michelangelo draft 1826:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger 1748: 1344:second tallest building in Rome 819:needs additional citations for 15767:Porta San Paolo Railway Museum 14562:Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas 13131:Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo 11842:Servant of the servants of God 11414:Pontifical Council for Culture 11080:Pontifical Biblical Commission 9353:Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena 9149:Vicar General for Vatican City 8625:(1644–1667; co-autorship with 8593:(expansion commissioned, 1628) 8520:San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane 8298:(façade and other works, 1600) 8161:Basilica of San Magno, Legnano 7710:The Crucifixion of Saint Peter 7105: 6249:"Rinunce e Nomine, 05.02.2005" 6165:"Rinunce e Nomine, 24.04.2002" 5824:Gardner's Art Through the Ages 5791:Gardner's Art Through the Ages 5264:Fodor's Travel Guides (2014). 4932: 4899: 4869: 4856: 4752:. 19 July 2015. Archived from 4738: 4675:"Unofficial architecture site" 4118:Philippe d'Alençon (1378–1397) 4082:Riccardo Annibaldi (1254–1276) 3926:The tomb of Alexander VII, by 3816:and contains the memorials of 3740: 3635: 2684:Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń 2139:continued under his assistant 787:Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome 665:, with piazza and fittings by 646:. Construction of the present 310:Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane 13: 1: 16272:Michelangelo church buildings 13394:Pontifical Oriental Institute 10877:Office of the Auditor General 9310:Monument to the Royal Stuarts 9206:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi 8970: 8933: 8678:Santa Maria alla Porta, Milan 8652:(possible collaboration with 8099:Santa Maria presso San Satiro 7534: 7117: 6587:Goldscheider, Ludwig (1996). 6338:"Basilica of St. Peter" 5468:Cunningham, Lawrence (2010), 5443:In search of St. Peter's Tomb 5219:"Basilica of St. Peter" 5097:Williamson, Benedict (1929). 4779:"St. Peter's Basilica - Dome" 4731: 4709: 4343:(1 July 1991 – 24 April 2002) 4190:Franciotto Orsini (1520–1530) 4121:Cristoforo Maroni (1397–1404) 4073:Guido Pierleoni (1206/7–1228) 4060: 4044: 4027: 3783:Monument to the Royal Stuarts 2867:Bernini's Cathedra Petri and 2202: 1447:. The obelisk now stands in 16232:Baroque architecture in Rome 15732:Museum of Roman Civilization 15662:Keats–Shelley Memorial House 15141:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne 14685:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 13217:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 12488: 11865:Coat of arms of the Holy See 11768:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 11159:Press Office of the Holy See 10969:Interdicasterial commissions 10267:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 9604:Santo Stefano degli Abissini 8646:(renovation of the interior) 8426:San Giacomo degli Incurabili 8322:(façade and nave, 1602–1615) 7871:Studies for the Libyan Sibyl 7839:Works on paper, milieu, etc. 7553:The Torment of Saint Anthony 6801:A History of Interior Design 5660:. New York: Reynal and Co., 5658:The Complete Work of Raphael 5243:. Basic Books. p. 413. 5161:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 4366:(20 February 2021 – present) 4299:Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro 4209:Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese 3797:, a cardinal. The tomb is a 3673:Altar of the Transfiguration 3222: 3048:after the conclusion of the 2405:. The inscription below the 2312:in 1602. He was a nephew of 1474:The area now covered by the 1097:, St Peter (Bronze Statue), 921:in shape, with an elongated 7: 16217:Church buildings with domes 16212:Coronation church buildings 15824:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus 15702:Museo di Roma in Trastevere 15672:Museo Archeologico Ostiense 15408:Hospital of the Holy Spirit 14980:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura 14587:Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker 14557:Catacombs of San Sebastiano 13399:Pontifical Lombard Seminary 13275:Pontifical Urban University 12969:Ordinary general assemblies 12716:Cardinal Secretary of State 12367:Pontifical colleges in Rome 11361:Sacred Congregation of the 10868:Secretariat for the Economy 10711:Section for General Affairs 10584:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura 9993:Vatican Information Service 9833:Secretariat for the Economy 9689:Cardinal Secretary of State 9431:Modern and Contemporary Art 8666:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini 8326:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini 7977:Michelangelo and the Medici 7807:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini 6891:National Geographic Society 6834:The Pilgrim's Guide to Rome 6704:. London: Hamish Hamilton. 6655:. New York: Paulist Press. 6503:Frommel, Christoph (1986). 6418:Dzyubanskyy, Taras (2010). 5531:Sacred Architecture Journal 5133:. p. 2. Archived from 5075:The Companion Guide to Rome 5047:. saintpetersbasilica.org. 4995:Noreen (19 November 2012). 4906:Giuliani, Giovanni (1995). 4482: 4275:Niccola Paracciani Clarelli 4166:Richard Olivier (1464–1470) 4098:Napoleone Orsini Frangipani 3730:The Burial of St Petronilla 3709:are the monuments of popes 3510:is surmounted by Bernini's 3324: 3288:James Francis Edward Stuart 3268:James Francis Edward Stuart 2707:Pope Urban VIII and Bernini 2639:, Czech Republic), and the 2284:On 18 February 1606, under 2272:Addition of nave and facade 2197:architecture of the Baroque 1887:Michelangelo's contribution 1512:announced the discovery of 1155:. The central feature is a 799: 675:largest church in the world 10: 16308: 16242:Churches completed in 1626 15965:Castello Orsini-Odescalchi 15051:Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi 14825:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini 14820:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina 14093:Temple of Apollo Palatinus 13492:Basilica of the Holy House 13116:Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino 12524:Sovereignty and government 12448:Catholic Church portal 11682:properties of the Holy See 11552: 11341:Congregation of Ceremonies 10995:Commissions and committees 10984:Candidates to Sacred Order 10936:Vatican Apostolic Archives 10809:Integral Human Development 10429:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini 10419:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina 10123:Amateur Sports Association 9567:San Pellegrino in Vaticano 9494:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri 9035:Johann Joachim Winckelmann 9025:Art patronage of Julius II 8623:Palazzo di Propaganda Fide 7960:Art patronage of Julius II 7885:Pietà for Vittoria Colonna 7030:136.6 metres (448 ft) 7001:136.6 metres (448 ft) 6970:Confessio by Carlo Maderno 6670:Lanciani, Rodolfo (1892). 6009:"St. Peter's, the Obelisk" 5966:Decker, Heinrich (1969) . 5662:William Morrow and Company 4529:List of basilicas in Italy 4293:Francesco Ricci Paracciani 4112:Rinaldo Orsini (1366–1374) 3871:Crucifixion of Saint Peter 3814:Presentation of the Virgin 3234:List of extant papal tombs 3231: 2928: 2856: 2750: 2731:(baldaquin, from Italian: 2159:who was to be assisted by 2107:St. Peter's Basilica from 1717:Financing with indulgences 1543: 1536:A conjectural view of the 1366: 1357: 1270:, rendering him the first 1254:, who was the head of the 1221:St. Paul outside the Walls 959:Presentation of the Virgin 503:UNESCO World Heritage Site 431:136.6 metres (448 ft) 385:18 November 1626 53: 16031: 16003: 15943: 15921: 15866: 15785: 15757:Palazzo delle Esposizioni 15595: 15545: 15431: 15370: 15224: 15186:Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli 15086:Palazzo della Cancelleria 15038: 15018: 14668: 14627: 14532: 14509: 14484:Column of Marcus Aurelius 14471: 14389: 14324: 14264:Basilica of Junius Bassus 14242: 14180: 14108:Temple of Hercules Victor 14098:Temple of Apollo Sosianus 14073: 14037: 14012: 13945: 13925:Arch of Septimius Severus 13892: 13881: 13847: 13645: 13573: 13518: 13449:Gardens of the Villa Cybo 13432: 13302:Palace of the Holy Office 13292:Palazzo della Cancelleria 13264:Palace of Saint Callixtus 13234: 13197: 13187: 13176: 13157: 13086: 13063: 13015: 12987: 12931: 12826: 12774: 12744: 12698: 12671: 12545: 12533:Sovereign judicial entity 12496: 12424: 12323: 12241: 12167: 12141: 12044: 11951: 11898: 11850: 11781: 11748: 11698: 11577: 11560: 11488: 11461:Evangelization of Peoples 11389:Office of Papal Charities 11281: 11254: 11169: 11047: 11040: 10994: 10968: 10941:Vatican Apostolic Library 10923: 10890: 10883:Committee for Investments 10855: 10827: 10734: 10707: 10691: 10622: 10289: 10278: 10247: 10229: 10153: 10115: 10085: 10067: 10015:Vatican Television Center 9887: 9878: 9846: 9794: 9785: 9752: 9700: 9673: 9635: 9626: 9533:Mater Ecclesiae Monastery 9411: 9322: 9247: 9243: 9234: 9157: 9106: 9017: 8920: 8804: 8763: 8687: 8636: 8629:, involved in 1620s–1644) 8609:Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome 8569: 8504: 8413: 8392:; involvement, 1603–1623) 8368: 8347: 8296:Santa Maria sopra Minerva 8280: 8232:Palazzo Visconti frescoes 8224: 8201: 8170: 8091: 8012:The Agony and the Ecstasy 7952: 7901: 7848: 7844: 7833: 7773: 7749: 7745: 7734: 7699: 7612: 7591: 7544: 7540: 7529: 7481: 7411:Christ Carrying the Cross 7402: 7318: 7242: 7201: 7161: 7115: 7111: 7100: 7079: 7033: 7020: 7014: 7004: 6991: 6985: 6980: 6634:Rome and the Vatican City 6098:Maleczek, Werner (1984). 5656:Golzio, Vincenzo (1969). 5578:Claridge, Amanda (1998). 5100:The Treaty of the Lateran 4908:"Altar of the Confession" 4257:Pietro Francesco Galleffi 4227:Francesco Nerli (iuniore) 4130:Antonio Calvi (1408–1411) 3997:of the Vatican Basilica: 3876:The tomb of Fabio Chigi, 3807:Maria Clementina Sobieska 3650:Queen Christina of Sweden 3473:kissing it for centuries. 3284:Maria Clementina Sobieska 3079: 2837:by Constantine's mother, 2623:, England), the domes of 2543:The nave has huge paired 2497:The Vision of Constantine 2397:flanked by eleven of the 2141:Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola 1959:tallest dome in the world 1499:(590–604), built over an 1363:Saint Peter's burial site 1352:tallest dome in the world 1231:, and not that of Italy. 1198: 1170:The American philosopher 1031:Maria Clementina Sobieska 965:Chapel with the altar of 569: 565: 555: 545: 533: 525: 517: 509: 500: 496: 484: 479: 467: 462: 458:41.5 metres (136 ft) 454: 446: 442:46.2 metres (152 ft) 435: 427: 419: 411: 401: 396: 381: 371: 355: 330:Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola 280: 275: 265: 253: 243: 238: 226: 214: 201: 189: 179: 145: 141: 118: 78: 73: 68: 16207:Churches in Vatican City 15955:Appian Way Regional Park 15762:Pigorini National Museum 15682:Museo Civico di Zoologia 15317:della Piazza dei Quiriti 15029:List of churches in Rome 14970:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re 14795:S. Croce in Via Flaminia 14770:S. Cecilia in Trastevere 14755:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio 14735:S. Apollinare alle Terme 14715:S. Anastasia al Palatino 14700:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura 14479:Column of Antoninus Pius 14156:Largo di Torre Argentina 14128:Temple of Minerva Medica 14123:Temple of Jupiter Tonans 13390:Archaeological Institute 12575:Old St. Peter's Basilica 12570:Patrimony of Saint Peter 12565:History of papal primacy 11336:Congregation for Borders 10978:Church in Eastern Europe 10574:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re 10439:S. Giuseppe al Trionfale 10394:S. Croce in Via Flaminia 10369:S. Cecilia in Trastevere 10354:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio 10334:S. Apollinare alle Terme 10314:S. Anastasia al Palatino 10299:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura 10027:Vatican Publishing House 9332:Redemptoris Mater Chapel 9184:Old St. Peter's Basilica 8556:Sant'Andrea delle Fratte 8540:(involvement, 1653–1657) 7878:The Punishment of Tityus 6994:Tallest building in Rome 6947:St Peter's Basilica.info 6887:National Geographic News 6676:Pagan and Christian Rome 4559: 3495:In the Confessio is the 3092: 2651:to St Peter's Basilica. 2536:his critics. An ancient 1583:Old St. Peter's Basilica 1546:Old St. Peter's Basilica 1538:Old St. Peter's Basilica 1520:Old St. Peter's Basilica 1469:Old St. Peter's Basilica 1139:Chapel of the Confession 673:architecture and is the 653:Designed principally by 640:Old St. Peter's Basilica 560:Europe and North America 423:150 metres (490 ft) 415:220 metres (720 ft) 31:latest accepted revision 16277:Carlo Maderno buildings 15843:Portonaccio sarcophagus 15830:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa 15807:Colossus of Constantine 15802:Augustus of Prima Porta 15777:Venanzo Crocetti Museum 15737:Museum of the Ara Pacis 15712:Museo Nazionale Etrusco 15632:Galleria Doria Pamphilj 15522:Via della Conciliazione 15482:Piazza della Repubblica 15111:Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini 15066:Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga 14905:S. Maria della Vittoria 14800:S. Croce in Gerusalemme 14750:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola 14705:S. Agnese fuori le mura 14172:Porta Maggiore Basilica 13873:Obelisk of Montecitorio 13585:Vatican City portal 13317:Palace of the Vicariate 13111:Civitavecchia-Tarquinia 12635:Prisoner in the Vatican 12624:Investiture Controversy 12436:Vatican City portal 11500:Vatican City portal 11124:Interreligious Dialogue 10863:Council for the Economy 10799:Interreligious Dialogue 10509:S. Maria della Vittoria 10399:S. Croce in Gerusalemme 10349:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola 10304:S. Agnese fuori le mura 10165:Vatican City portal 9577:Via della Conciliazione 9173:Prisoner in the Vatican 8308:Sant'Andrea della Valle 8107:Giovanni Antonio Amadeo 8035:Michelangelo quadrangle 7765:Basilica of San Lorenzo 6651:Korn, Frank J. (2002). 6560:(subscription required) 6518:(1). Cambridge: 39–65. 6472:(subscription required) 6330:(subscription required) 6043:saintpetersbasilica.org 6013:saintpetersbasilica.org 5617:Encyclopædia Britannica 5270:. Travel Distribution. 5034:Pio V. Pinto, pp. 48–59 4679:saintpetersbasilica.org 4245:Romualdo Braschi-Onesti 4086:Giovanni Gaetano Orsini 3851:At the entrance to the 3728:and with an altarpiece 3431: 3307:Investiture Controversy 3282:. Also buried here are 3042:Via della Conciliazione 2660:St. Josaphat's Basilica 2601:Sant'Andrea della Valle 738:Altar of the Confession 450:42 metres (138 ft) 318:Michelangelo Buonarroti 16252:Burial places of popes 16013:Festa della Repubblica 15853:Sistine Chapel ceiling 15717:Museo Nazionale Romano 15587:Parco degli Acquedotti 15567:Villa Borghese gardens 15527:Via dei Fori Imperiali 15101:Palazzo della Consulta 14985:S. Silvestro in Capite 14890:S. Maria in Trastevere 14885:S. Maria sopra Minerva 14860:S. Maria in Montesanto 14720:S. Andrea delle Fratte 14592:Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus 14577:Mausoleum of Maxentius 14547:Catacombs of Domitilla 14455:Villa of the Quintilii 13597:Catholicism portal 13553:Apostolic Penitentiary 13527:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 13474:Santa Maria di Galeria 12799:For Vatican City State 12281:for Vatican City State 11911:Apostolic constitution 11512:Catholicism portal 11311:Reform by John Paul II 10837:Apostolic Penitentiary 10789:Laity, Family and Life 10639:Catholicism portal 10589:S. Silvestro in Capite 10494:S. Maria in Trastevere 10489:S. Maria sopra Minerva 10319:S. Andrea delle Fratte 10177:Catholicism portal 10139:National football team 10133:National football team 10033:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 9725:For Vatican City State 8986:Sistine Chapel ceiling 8951:San Pietro in Montorio 8857:Bernardino delle Croci 8672:Santi Apostoli, Naples 8550:Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza 8526:Oratorio dei Filippini 8359:Santa Maria del Popolo 8314:San Giacomo in Augusta 8129:Santa Maria della Pace 8119:San Pietro in Montorio 7786:Piazza del Campidoglio 7717:The Conversion of Saul 7593:Salone dei Cinquecento 7265:Piccolomini Altarpiece 7145:Battle of the Centaurs 6852:Scotti, R. A. (2007). 6798:Pile, John F. (2005). 6129:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 5483:Peter Partner (1972). 4499: 4384: 4170:Giovanni Battista Zeno 4009: 3990: 3973:Archpriests since 1053 3766:". Fontana's reworked 3692:San Pietro in Montorio 3426: 3419: 3412: 3405: 3247: 3076: 3024: 2996: 2940: 2871: 2803: 2747:Baldacchino and niches 2703: 2532: 2529:Giovanni Paolo Pannini 2474: 2429: 2382: 2281: 2260: 2250: 2120: 2112: 2006: 1903:form, like the iconic 1743:Protestant Reformation 1603:Leone Battista Alberti 1541: 1529: 1386: 1385:Basilicas of St. Peter 1243: 1240:Second Vatican Council 1025:and the Chapel of the 875: 765:Protestant Reformation 757:early Christian Church 732:is directly below the 638:to replace the ageing 608:), is a church of the 601:Basilica di San Pietro 600: 596: 589:Saint Peter's Basilica 584: 99: 85:Basilica di San Pietro 84: 69:Saint Peter's Basilica 63:Church in Vatican City 51:Church in Vatican City 16005:Events and traditions 15812:La Bocca della Verità 15657:Jewish Museum of Rome 15151:Palazzo del Quirinale 14995:S. Sofia a Via Boccea 14855:S. Maria degli Angeli 14845:S. Maria Ausiliatrice 14725:S. Andrea della Valle 14567:Mausoleum of Augustus 14501:Five-Columns Monument 14449:Insula dell'Ara Coeli 14301:Portico Dii Consentes 14269:Basilica of Maxentius 13381:San Carlo ai Catinari 13352:Paul VI Audience Hall 13338:Benedictine monastery 13285:Bambino Gesù Hospital 13055:Sabina-Poggio Mirteto 12404:Sexually active popes 12355:Pontifical university 12099:Ring of the Fisherman 11938:Ecclesiastical letter 11933:Apostolic exhortation 11822:Patriarch of the West 11807:Vicar of Jesus Christ 11374:Congregation of Rites 11222:Immaculate Conception 11136:Culture and Education 11065:Doctrine of the Faith 10981:Consecrated Religious 10946:Fabric of Saint Peter 10804:Culture and Education 10749:Doctrine of the Faith 10599:S. Sofia a Via Boccea 10464:S. Maria degli Angeli 10454:S. Maria Ausiliatrice 10324:S. Andrea della Valle 9988:Holy See Press Office 9773:Corps of Firefighters 9548:Paul VI Audience Hall 9499:Domus Sanctae Marthae 9271:St. Peter's Baldachin 9201:Cortile del Belvedere 9167:History of the papacy 8882:Sebastiano del Piombo 8812:Mariotto Albertinelli 8680:(portal and tympanum) 8650:St. Peter's Baldachin 8178:Cortile del Belvedere 8105:(c. 1476–1482) (with 8030:Michelangelo (crater) 7934:Sebastiano del Piombo 7914:Tommaso dei Cavalieri 7864:Male Back with a Flag 7379:The Genius of Victory 7138:Madonna of the Stairs 6478:Fletcher, Banister F. 6389:(3). New York: 4–64. 6344:Catholic Encyclopedia 5755:Michelangelo's plan, 5525:Dietz, Helen (2005). 5225:Catholic Encyclopedia 4590:Patriarch of the West 4571:Claims made that the 4519:List of tallest domes 4490: 4379: 4239:Henry Benedict Stuart 4053:Bernard (1145?–1176?) 4026:Rustico de' Rustici ( 4003: 3980: 3845:Immaculate Conception 3774:, the fourth-century 3614:by Francois Duquesnoy 3541:, by Bernini (1639); 3463:Saint Peter Enthroned 3420: 3413: 3406: 3399: 3347:Constantine the Great 3276:Henry Benedict Stuart 3272:Charles Edward Stuart 3258:, Holy Roman Emperor 3242: 3074: 3022: 2994: 2938: 2888:Doctors of the Church 2866: 2801: 2753:St. Peter's Baldachin 2701: 2694:Bernini's furnishings 2605:San Carlo ai Catinari 2583:are 95 bronze lamps. 2526: 2494:in the south end and 2472: 2461:Saints Peter and Paul 2415: 2380: 2294:Constantine the Great 2279: 2254: 2236: 2118: 2106: 2000: 1669:(saint) (1565–1572), 1555:Constantine the Great 1540:by H. W. Brewer, 1891 1535: 1527: 1376: 1324:Doctors of the Church 1276:Fathers of the Church 1237: 941:, only opened during 865: 644:Constantine the Great 597:Basilica Sancti Petri 455:Dome diameter (inner) 447:Dome diameter (outer) 164:41.90222°N 12.45333°E 100:Basilica Sancti Petri 16202:St. Peter's Basilica 16110:St. Peter's Basilica 15858:Velletri Sarcophagus 15818:Laocoön and His Sons 15572:Villa Doria Pamphili 15477:Piazza della Minerva 15302:di Piazza d'Aracoeli 15191:Palazzo del Viminale 15136:Palazzo di Giustizia 14965:Sacro Cuore di Maria 14950:Ss. Quattro Coronati 14935:S. Pietro in Vincoli 14920:S. Nicola in Carcere 14915:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo 14900:S. Maria in Via Lata 14875:S. Maria in Aracoeli 14865:S. Maria in Cosmedin 14840:S. Lorenzo in Lucina 14835:S. Lorenzo in Damaso 14830:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo 14775:Ss. Celso e Giuliano 14760:S. Camillo de Lellis 14376:Theatre of Marcellus 14148:House of the Vestals 13207:St. Peter's Basilica 12900:Apostolic nunciature 12759:College of Cardinals 12754:Secretariat of State 12399:Popes by nationality 12315:Sistine Chapel Choir 12249:College of Cardinals 11880:Regalia and insignia 11763:St. Peter's Basilica 11217:Saint Thomas Aquinas 11170:Pontifical academies 11154:L'Osservatore Romano 10700:Secretariat of State 10569:Sacro Cuore di Maria 10554:Ss. Quattro Coronati 10539:S. Pietro in Vincoli 10524:S. Nicola in Carcere 10519:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo 10504:S. Maria in Via Lata 10479:S. Maria in Aracoeli 10469:S. Maria in Cosmedin 10449:S. Lorenzo in Lucina 10444:S. Lorenzo in Damaso 10434:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo 10374:Ss. Celso e Giuliano 10359:S. Camillo de Lellis 10262:St. Peter's Basilica 10049:L'Osservatore Romano 9958:Sistine Chapel Choir 9762:Corps of Gendarmerie 9587:Porta San Pellegrino 9538:Sant'Egidio in Borgo 9266:Chair of Saint Peter 9258:St. Peter's Basilica 9226:Piazza Scossacavalli 8980:St. Peter's Basilica 8847:Antonio da Correggio 8764:Principal proponents 8706:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8695:Baroque architecture 8660:St. Peter's Basilica 8654:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8627:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8585:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8544:San Giovanni in Oleo 8538:Sant'Agnese in Agone 8514:Santa Lucia in Selci 8455:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8421:Baroque architecture 8404:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 8320:St. Peter's Basilica 8210:Christ at the Column 8155:San Giovanni in Oleo 8139:St. Peter's Basilica 7796:St. Peter's Basilica 7646:The Creation of Adam 7170:Arca di San Domenico 6883:"Inside the Vatican" 6075:. Salvador Miranda. 5427:Paulist Press (2002) 4509:Architecture of Rome 4347:Francesco Marchisano 4305:Rafael Merry del Val 4187:Marco Cornaro (1520) 4104:Annibaldo di Ceccano 4040:Griffone (1138–1139) 4004:The inauguration of 3928:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 3497:Niche of the Pallium 3490:Napoleon Bonaparte's 3447:Agostino Cornacchini 3385:in 1950 and cast in 2945:Piazza di San Pietro 2859:Chair of Saint Peter 2713:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 2609:Sant'Agnese in Agone 1798:Giuliano da Sangallo 1395:Acts of the Apostles 1320:apostolic succession 1308:Chair of Saint Peter 1266:and later the first 1165:Chair of Saint Peter 1161:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 991:Chair of Saint Peter 957:, the Chapel of the 828:improve this article 781:Major papal basilica 667:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 342:Gian Lorenzo Bernini 294:Giuliano da Sangallo 248:Papal major basilica 232:St. Peter's Basilica 54:For other uses, see 15378:Altare della Patria 15039:Castles and palaces 14910:S. Martino ai Monti 14880:S. Maria del Popolo 14870:S. Maria in Domnica 14815:S. Francesca Romana 14785:Ss. Cosma e Damiano 14607:Tombs of Via Latina 14602:Tomb of the Scipios 14597:Tomb of the Haterii 14572:Mausoleum of Helena 14371:Stadium of Domitian 14361:Gardens of Maecenas 14337:Circus of Maxentius 14274:Basilica of Neptune 14251:Basilica Argentaria 14055:Baths of Diocletian 14028:Cloaca Circi Maximi 13900:Arch of Constantine 13868:Obelisk of Minerveo 13558:Apostolic Signatura 13386:Collegio Bellarmino 13258:Adjoining buildings 12833:Multilateral policy 11298:Immensa Aeterni Dei 11041:Other organizations 11007:Historical Sciences 10975:Particular Churches 10842:Apostolic Signatura 10514:S. Martino ai Monti 10484:S. Maria del Popolo 10474:S. Maria in Domnica 10414:S. Francesca Romana 10384:Ss. Cosma e Damiano 10040:Annuario Pontificio 9892:Academy of Sciences 9451:Gregoriano Egiziano 8912:Antonio Vassilacchi 8599:(remodelling, 1632) 8579:(co-autorship with 8546:(remodelling, 1658) 8507:religious buildings 8498:Francesco Borromini 8449:Francesco Borromini 8400:Francesco Borromini 8398:(co-autorship with 8386:Giacomo della Porta 8384:(co-autorship with 8310:(new project, 1608) 8283:religious buildings 7909:Cecchino dei Bracci 7403:Florence, 1516–1534 7243:Florence, 1501–1505 6897:on 20 November 2001 6858:. New York: Plume. 6831:Pinto, Pio (1975). 5915:. 14 October 2005. 5885:. 7 December 2007. 5664:. pp. 593–594. 5470:Cultures and Values 5137:on 26 February 2009 4950:on 24 February 2021 4756:on 23 February 2021 4750:National Geographic 4646:Santa Maria Novella 4317:Federico Tedeschini 4287:Edward Henry Howard 4263:Giacomo Giustiniani 4215:Francesco Barberini 4092:Matteo Rosso Orsini 3707:Our Lady of Succour 3292:Christina of Sweden 3262:, and the composer 3256:Ignatius of Antioch 3250:There are over 100 2793:Emperor Constantine 2791:and donated by the 2789:Temple of Jerusalem 2633:St. Nicholas Church 2617:St Paul's Cathedral 2611:, and many others. 2597:Western Christendom 2593:church architecture 2478:Narthex and portals 2331:Counter-Reformation 2300:and two rare black 2157:Giacomo della Porta 1907:in Venice, or of a 1905:St. Mark's Basilica 1881:Michelangelo's plan 1837:and the refusal of 1607:Bernardo Rossellino 1335:World Heritage Site 1172:Ralph Waldo Emerson 1145:chapels, including 1127:Christina of Sweden 1001:, the altar of the 985:, the altar of the 888:Hadrian's Mausoleum 769:Counter-Reformation 720:and also the first 636:Pope Julius II 626:within the city of 346:Francesco Borromini 326:Giacomo Della Porta 314:Baldassarre Peruzzi 290:Bernardo Rossellino 160: / 21:Page version status 16222:Terminating vistas 16023:Rome Film Festival 15985:Villa Aldobrandini 15612:Capitoline Museums 15457:Clivus Capitolinus 15116:Palazzo Giustinani 15056:Castel Sant'Angelo 15000:S. Stefano Rotondo 14582:Pyramid of Cestius 14431:Palace of Domitian 14366:Gardens of Sallust 14213:Forum of Vespasian 14133:Temple of Portunus 14050:Baths of Caracalla 13327:Collegio Teutonico 13244:Lateran University 13088:Suffragan dioceses 13065:Territorial abbeys 13035:Porto-Santa Rufina 13017:Suburbicarian sees 12979:Special assemblies 12874:Permanent Observer 12350:Pontifical academy 12345:Orders of chivalry 11471:Catholic Education 11466:New Evangelization 11419:New Evangelization 11379:Apostolic Chancery 11024:Financial Security 10754:Service of Charity 10604:S. Stefano Rotondo 9804:Vatican euro coins 9599:Saint John's Tower 9572:St. Peter's Square 9521:Collegio Teutonico 9504:Holy Spirit Chapel 9466:Bramante Staircase 9446:Gregoriano Etrusco 9288:Saint Peter's tomb 9283:Vatican Necropolis 9142:List of sovereigns 8877:Baldassare Peruzzi 8832:Moretto da Brescia 8817:Pellegrino Aretusi 8603:Palazzo Falconieri 8445:(possible brother) 8382:Villa Aldobrandini 8338:Sant'Ignazio, Rome 8023:A Season of Giants 8006:(1950 documentary) 7781:Capitoline Museums 7761:Laurentian Library 7560:Manchester Madonna 7310:Rothschild Bronzes 7162:Bologna, 1494–1495 6636:. Köln: Könemann. 5449:on 25 January 2006 5267:Fodor's Italy 2015 4607:Siege of Jerusalem 4500: 4496:Castel Sant'Angelo 4385: 4200:Alessandro Farnese 4059:Ugolino di Segni ( 4010: 3991: 3878:Pope Alexander VII 3833:Pope Innocent VIII 3705:Near the altar of 3630:by Francesco Mochi 3551:Francois Duquesnoy 3547:St. Andrew's Cross 3443:Pope Benedict XIII 3330:Towers and narthex 3303:Matilda of Tuscany 3270:and his two sons, 3248: 3077: 3025: 2997: 2975:and engineered by 2949:St. Peter's Square 2941: 2931:St. Peter's Square 2925:St. Peter's Piazza 2883:Pope Alexander VII 2872: 2804: 2785:barley-sugar shape 2741:chair of St. Peter 2704: 2647:, France) all pay 2533: 2504:in the north end. 2490:(18th century) by 2475: 2421:Prince of Apostles 2419:(In honour of the 2383: 2282: 2121: 2113: 2109:Castel Sant'Angelo 2038:Florence Cathedral 2007: 1971:Florence Cathedral 1913:Florence Cathedral 1814:Baldassare Peruzzi 1780:Florence Cathedral 1542: 1530: 1514:Saint Peter's tomb 1449:St. Peter's Square 1437:Great Fire of Rome 1387: 1369:Saint Peter's tomb 1244: 1229:Vatican City State 1192:St. Peter's Square 1111:Matilda of Canossa 896:St. Peter's Square 876: 753:St. Peter's Square 730:Saint Peter's tomb 546:Reference no. 169:41.90222; 12.45333 135:St. Peter's Square 27: 16247:Tombs of apostles 16047: 16046: 16018:Rome Quadriennale 15945:Metropolitan City 15939: 15938: 15622:Galleria Borghese 15497:Piazza San Pietro 15472:Piazza del Popolo 15467:Piazza d'Aracoeli 15440:and public spaces 15322:di Piazza Nicosia 15312:di Piazza Farnese 15307:di Piazza Colonna 15181:Palazzo Valentini 15071:Palazzo Barberini 14765:S. Carlo al Corso 14664: 14663: 14655:Ponte Sant'Angelo 14612:Tomb of Priscilla 14552:Catacombs of Rome 14426:House of Augustus 14415:Domus Transitoria 14381:Theatre of Pompey 14308:Porticus Octaviae 14198:Forum of Augustus 14103:Temple of Hadrian 13915:Arch of Gallienus 13905:Arch of Dolabella 13863:Flaminian Obelisk 13639:Landmarks of Rome 13605: 13604: 13514: 13513: 13510: 13509: 13472:antennae area of 13463:Summer estate of 13428: 13427: 13360: 13359: 13332:Teutonic Cemetery 13230: 13229: 13193: 13192: 13189: 13170: 13153: 13152: 13149: 13148: 13106:Civita Castellana 13009: 12953: 12927: 12926: 12692: 12629:Age of Revolution 12602:Donation of Pepin 12597:Donation of Sutri 12537:international law 12456: 12455: 12223:Prelate of Honour 11790: 11694: 11693: 11690: 11689: 11520: 11519: 11484: 11483: 11446:Justice and Peace 11384:Apostolic Dataria 11317:Reform by Francis 11305:Reform by Paul VI 11291:Roman Inquisition 11256:Papal See of Rome 11250: 11249: 10814:Legislative Texts 10759:Oriental Churches 10730: 10729: 10726: 10725: 10647: 10646: 10364:S. Carlo al Corso 10185: 10184: 10145:Vatican Athletics 10111: 10110: 10063: 10062: 9919:Apostolic Archive 9874: 9873: 9781: 9780: 9644:Foreign relations 9622: 9621: 9594:Ricciolo d'Italia 9562:Passetto di Borgo 9526:Teutonic Cemetery 9479: 9478: 9337:Borgia Apartments 9318: 9317: 9298:Tomb of the Julii 9062: 9061: 9007:The Last Judgment 8796:Leonardo da Vinci 8723: 8722: 8577:Palazzo Barberini 8570:Secular buildings 8464: 8463: 8396:Palazzo Barberini 8369:Secular buildings 8290:Trinità dei Monti 8240: 8239: 8171:Secular buildings 8135:(1504) (cloister) 8121:(The Tempietto), 8051: 8050: 8047: 8046: 8043: 8042: 7829: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7730: 7729: 7726: 7725: 7690:The Last Judgment 7618:(ceiling gallery) 7602:Battle of Cascina 7581:Leda and the Swan 7525: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7320:Tomb of Julius II 7263:Additions to the 7258:Madonna of Bruges 7168:Additions to the 7040: 7039: 7031: 7005:Succeeded by 7002: 6865:978-0-452-28860-7 6844:978-0-06-013388-7 6811:978-1-856-69418-6 6782:978-0-14-020109-3 6767:Pevsner, Nikolaus 6696:Lees-Milne, James 6662:978-0-8091-4109-8 6643:978-3-8290-3109-7 6624:978-0-13-188247-8 6602:978-0-7148-3296-8 6579:978-0-495-00479-0 6293:Bannister, Turpin 5773:Eneide Mignacca, 5717:Goldscheider 1996 5703:Sangallo's plan, 5642:Bramante's plan, 5437:Hijmans, Steven. 5277:978-0-8041-4291-5 5250:978-0-7867-1436-0 5001:Today I Found Out 4847:Banister Fletcher 4672:and ⑬ Matthias. ( 4335:Aurelio Sabattani 4251:Alessandro Mattei 4194:Francesco Cornaro 4155:Giuliano Cesarini 3944:Arnolfo di Cambio 3748:Pope Innocent XII 3700:Pietro da Cortona 3677:Pope John Paul II 3501:Pope Benedict XIV 3467:Arnolfo di Cambio 3362:Antonio Averulino 3319:Tomb of the Julii 3311:Pope Benedict XVI 3220: 3219: 3062:terminating vista 3052:, leads from the 2841:, and a relic of 2823:spear of Longinus 2717:Annibale Carracci 2513:Antonio Averulino 2211:. His successor, 2081:Sangallo's design 1975:Early Renaissance 1819:Emperor Charles V 1264:Bishop of Antioch 999:Archangel Michael 872:Ponte Sant'Angelo 860: 859: 852: 619:, an independent 573: 572: 306:Giovanni Giocondo 39:23 September 2024 18: 16299: 16187: 16179: 16178: 16177: 16170: 16162: 16161: 16160: 16153: 16145: 16144: 16143: 16136: 16128: 16127: 16126: 16116: 16100: 16099: 16098: 16088: 16087: 16076: 16075: 16074: 16064: 16063: 16055: 15871: 15870: 15796:Apollo Belvedere 15692:Museo delle Mura 15512:Via dei Coronari 15502:Piazza di Spagna 15196:Palazzo Wedekind 15156:Palazzo Pamphilj 15081:Palazzo Borghese 14990:S. Sisto Vecchio 14518:Porticus Aemilia 14490:Column of Phocas 14472:Column monuments 14233:Forum Holitorium 14138:Temple of Saturn 14045:Baths of Agrippa 13961:Aqua Alexandrina 13893:Triumphal arches 13890: 13889: 13762:Castra Praetoria 13632: 13625: 13618: 13609: 13608: 13595: 13594: 13583: 13582: 13581: 13485:extraterritorial 13480: 13479: 13458:Adjacent gardens 13418:Nympheum of Nero 13367:extraterritorial 13362: 13361: 13254:Sancta Sanctorum 13232: 13231: 13195: 13194: 13188: 13185: 13184: 13174: 13173: 13162: 13013: 13012: 12994: 12991:province of Rome 12957: 12956: 12938: 12789:Apostolic Camera 12696: 12695: 12678: 12560:Primacy of Peter 12483: 12476: 12469: 12460: 12459: 12446: 12445: 12434: 12433: 12432: 12271:Apostolic Camera 12228:Prince assistant 12154:Sedia gestatoria 11827:Primate of Italy 11786: 11717:Papal apartments 11712:Apostolic Palace 11679:extraterritorial 11635: 11634: 11584: 11583: 11547: 11540: 11533: 11524: 11523: 11510: 11509: 11498: 11497: 11496: 11324: 11323: 11045: 11044: 10908:Apostolic Camera 10769:Causes of Saints 10705: 10704: 10696: 10695: 10674: 10667: 10660: 10651: 10650: 10637: 10636: 10594:S. Sisto Vecchio 10284: 10212: 10205: 10198: 10189: 10188: 10175: 10174: 10163: 10162: 10161: 10022:Vatican News App 9976: 9975: 9885: 9884: 9792: 9791: 9715:Apostolic Camera 9633: 9632: 9609:Vatican Pharmacy 9554:The Resurrection 9371:Niccoline Chapel 9361:Cappella Paolina 9347:Papal apartments 9324:Apostolic Palace 9305:Vatican Grottoes 9254: 9253: 9245: 9244: 9241: 9240: 9089: 9082: 9075: 9066: 9065: 9030:Jacob Burckhardt 8975: 8974: 1502–1516 8972: 8938: 8937: 1492–1498 8935: 8892:Andrea del Sarto 8827:Ludovico Beretta 8757:High Renaissance 8750: 8743: 8736: 8727: 8726: 8617:Domenico Fontana 8613:Giovanni Fontana 8591:Villa Falconieri 8491: 8484: 8477: 8468: 8467: 8437:Giovanni Fontana 8431:Domenico Fontana 8390:Giovanni Fontana 8267: 8260: 8253: 8244: 8243: 8092:Church buildings 8078: 8071: 8064: 8055: 8054: 7990:Replicas of the 7944:Luigi del Riccio 7919:Vittoria Colonna 7846: 7845: 7835: 7834: 7747: 7746: 7736: 7735: 7667:Prophet Jeremiah 7542: 7541: 7531: 7530: 7504:Palestrina Pietà 7497:Florentine Pietà 7337:Rebellious Slave 7122: 7121: 1488–1492 7119: 7113: 7112: 7102: 7101: 7066: 7059: 7052: 7043: 7042: 7029: 7015:Preceded by 7000: 6986:Preceded by 6978: 6977: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932:Official website 6918: 6917:on 10 June 2014. 6913:. Archived from 6906: 6904: 6902: 6878: 6869: 6848: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6794: 6762: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6666: 6647: 6628: 6611:Hartt, Frederick 6606: 6594: 6583: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6548: 6509: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6473: 6470: 6433: 6414: 6377: 6348: 6340: 6331: 6328: 6278: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6219: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6190: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6161: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6141: 6134: 6124: 6115: 6113: 6110:Internet Archive 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6035: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5978: 5972: 5971: 5963: 5957: 5947: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5875: 5866: 5864: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5827: 5817: 5811: 5810: 5794: 5784: 5778: 5771: 5760: 5753: 5747: 5742: 5719: 5714: 5708: 5701: 5692: 5687:Peruzzi's plan, 5685: 5679: 5674:Raphael's plan, 5672: 5666: 5665: 5653: 5647: 5640: 5634: 5629: 5620: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5576: 5570: 5569: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5508: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5445:. Archived from 5434: 5428: 5421: 5415: 5410: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5329: 5323: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5291: 5289: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5221: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5193:. Archived from 5183: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5094: 5088: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5071:Masson, Georgina 5067: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012: 4992: 4986: 4981: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4946:. Archived from 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4873: 4867: 4860: 4854: 4844: 4835: 4830: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4775: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4742: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4706: 4700: 4697: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4666:John the Apostle 4662:John the Baptist 4655: 4649: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4618: 4603: 4597: 4583: 4577: 4569: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4381:Crepuscular rays 4323:Domenico Tardini 4281:Edoardo Borromeo 4125:Angelo Acciaioli 4069: 4068: 1200–1206 4065: 4062: 4049: 4046: 4036: 4032: 4029: 4023:Azzo (1103–1104) 3954: 3939: 3923: 3911: 3818:Pope Benedict XV 3750:and designed by 3726:Saint Petronilla 3669:Pope Innocent XI 3623: 3607: 3591: 3575: 3478:Vatican Grottoes 3367:Door of the Dead 3228:Tombs and relics 3120: 3119: 3050:Lateran Treaties 3006:Palazzo Pubblico 2977:Domenico Fontana 2827:veil of Veronica 2771:is laid for the 2613:Christopher Wren 2538:Egyptian obelisk 2511:door created by 2444:Bernini's Towers 2403:John the Baptist 2373:Maderno's facade 2314:Domenico Fontana 2246:Matthew 16:18–19 2161:Domenico Fontana 2090: 2078: 2066: 2055:James Lees-Milne 2003:Cristoforo Foppa 1878: 1866: 1854: 1839:Jacopo Sansovino 1754:Successive plans 1709:(1623–1644) and 1453:Obelisks of Rome 1403:Christian Church 1316:Charles the Bald 1213:St. John Lateran 1183: 1021:, the Chapel of 949:overwhelms us." 917:The basilica is 855: 848: 844: 841: 835: 812: 804: 613:High Renaissance 607: 407:or 20,000 seated 405:60,000 standing 392: 390: 322:Domenico Fontana 302:Raffaello Sanzio 271:18 November 1626 234: 175: 174: 172: 171: 170: 165: 161: 158: 157: 156: 153: 123: 110: 102: 95: 87: 66: 65: 16307: 16306: 16302: 16301: 16300: 16298: 16297: 16296: 16287:Major basilicas 16192: 16191: 16190: 16180: 16175: 16173: 16169:from Wikivoyage 16163: 16158: 16156: 16152:from Wikisource 16146: 16141: 16139: 16129: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16115:sister projects 16112:at Knowledge's 16106: 16096: 16094: 16082: 16072: 16070: 16058: 16050: 16048: 16043: 16027: 15999: 15975:Hadrian's Villa 15947:of Rome Capital 15946: 15935: 15931:Monte Testaccio 15917: 15862: 15781: 15752:Palazzo Colonna 15598: 15591: 15549: 15541: 15452:Campo de' Fiori 15439: 15427: 15371:Other landmarks 15366: 15342:Quattro Fontane 15220: 15206:Villa Farnesina 15201:Palazzo Zuccari 15171:Palazzo Ruspoli 15106:Palazzo Farnese 15096:Palazzo Colonna 15034: 15014: 14895:S. Maria in Via 14671: 14660: 14623: 14618:Vigna Randanini 14528: 14524:Trajan's Market 14505: 14496:Trajan's Column 14467: 14401:Domus Augustana 14385: 14320: 14238: 14203:Forum of Caesar 14176: 14143:Temple of Vesta 14113:Temple of Janus 14069: 14065:Baths of Trajan 14033: 14008: 13975:Aqua Anio Novus 13968:Aqua Anio Vetus 13941: 13884: 13877: 13858:Lateran Obelisk 13843: 13646:Walls and gates 13641: 13636: 13606: 13601: 13589: 13579: 13577: 13569: 13538:Papal household 13506: 13484: 13478: 13434: 13424: 13410:Sant'Apollinare 13408:Two Palaces of 13404:Russian College 13366: 13356: 13226: 13199:Major basilicas 13178: 13167: 13164: 13161: 13145: 13082: 13059: 13004: 12993: 12990: 12983: 12947: 12943: 12937: 12934: 12923: 12852:Of the Holy See 12847:To the Holy See 12830: 12828:Foreign affairs 12822: 12770: 12740: 12686: 12683: 12680: 12677: 12675:judicial entity 12674: 12667: 12541: 12519:Diocese of Rome 12492: 12487: 12457: 12452: 12440: 12430: 12428: 12420: 12389:Canonised popes 12319: 12310:Cappella Giulia 12237: 12201:Papal majordomo 12163: 12137: 12040: 11947: 11894: 11846: 11785: 11777: 11750:Major basilicas 11744: 11686: 11641: 11633: 11615:Diocese of Rome 11590: 11573: 11556: 11551: 11521: 11516: 11504: 11494: 11492: 11480: 11328: 11322: 11277: 11246: 11237:Social Sciences 11165: 11112:Christian Unity 11036: 10990: 10964: 10961:Domus Vaticanae 10919: 10886: 10851: 10823: 10794:Christian Unity 10722: 10687: 10678: 10648: 10643: 10631: 10618: 10499:S. Maria in Via 10285: 10276: 10243: 10225: 10223:Diocese of Rome 10216: 10186: 10181: 10169: 10159: 10157: 10149: 10107: 10081: 10077:Catholic Church 10059: 9974: 9970:Public holidays 9870: 9842: 9777: 9748: 9696: 9669: 9664:Fundamental Law 9618: 9484:Gregorian Tower 9475: 9413:Vatican Museums 9407: 9342:Clementine Hall 9314: 9230: 9153: 9102: 9093: 9063: 9058: 9013: 8999:Transfiguration 8973: 8936: 8929:The Last Supper 8916: 8872:Maffeo Olivieri 8852:Piero di Cosimo 8837:Gasparo Cairano 8800: 8771:Donato Bramante 8759: 8754: 8724: 8719: 8683: 8668:(choir project) 8632: 8565: 8560:Mattia de Rossi 8506: 8500: 8495: 8465: 8460: 8443:Stefano Maderno 8409: 8364: 8343: 8282: 8276: 8271: 8241: 8236: 8220: 8197: 8188:Palazzo Caprini 8166: 8087: 8085:Donato Bramante 8082: 8052: 8039: 7965:Casa Buonarroti 7948: 7929:Gherardo Perini 7924:Ascanio Condivi 7897: 7840: 7821: 7801:Tor San Michele 7791:Palazzo Farnese 7769: 7741: 7722: 7695: 7616: 7608: 7587: 7545:Panel paintings 7536: 7517: 7512:Rondanini Pietà 7482:Rome, 1534–1564 7477: 7398: 7372:Awakening Slave 7314: 7238: 7202:Rome, 1496–1500 7197: 7176:Saint Petronius 7157: 7120: 7107: 7096: 7075: 7070: 7028: 7026: 7018: 7010: 6999: 6997: 6989: 6975: 6964:"Beggar's Rome" 6936: 6930: 6929: 6926: 6921: 6909: 6900: 6898: 6881: 6866: 6845: 6821: 6819: 6812: 6783: 6743:10.2307/1567138 6719: 6717: 6685: 6683: 6663: 6644: 6625: 6603: 6580: 6559: 6552: 6550: 6546: 6507: 6493: 6491: 6471: 6430: 6422:. Lviv: Artos. 6395:10.2307/3258914 6329: 6287: 6282: 6281: 6272: 6268: 6258: 6256: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6232: 6230: 6221: 6220: 6213: 6203: 6201: 6192: 6191: 6184: 6174: 6172: 6163: 6162: 6155: 6145: 6143: 6139: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6118: 6096: 6092: 6082: 6080: 6067: 6066: 6062: 6052: 6050: 6037: 6036: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6007: 6006: 6002: 5992: 5990: 5979: 5975: 5964: 5960: 5950:Lees-Milne 1967 5948: 5944: 5936: 5932: 5922: 5920: 5907: 5906: 5902: 5892: 5890: 5877: 5876: 5869: 5851: 5847: 5840: 5818: 5814: 5807: 5785: 5781: 5772: 5763: 5754: 5750: 5743: 5722: 5715: 5711: 5702: 5695: 5686: 5682: 5673: 5669: 5654: 5650: 5641: 5637: 5630: 5623: 5610: 5606: 5598: 5594: 5577: 5573: 5558: 5554: 5544: 5542: 5523: 5519: 5506: 5504: 5497: 5481: 5477: 5466: 5462: 5452: 5450: 5435: 5431: 5423:Frank J. Korn, 5422: 5418: 5413:Lees-Milne 1967 5411: 5356: 5346: 5344: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5317: 5313: 5305: 5301: 5287: 5285: 5278: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5237: 5233: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5198: 5197:on 16 July 2012 5185: 5184: 5180: 5170: 5168: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5095: 5091: 5086: 5082: 5068: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5020: 5010: 5008: 4993: 4989: 4982: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4904: 4900: 4890: 4888: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4864:Lees-Milne 1967 4861: 4857: 4845: 4838: 4833:Baumgarten 1913 4831: 4798: 4788: 4786: 4777: 4776: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4723: 4719: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4698: 4694: 4683: 4681: 4673: 4656: 4652: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4621: 4604: 4600: 4594:Papal basilicas 4584: 4580: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4485: 4480: 4410: 4406: 4405: 4374: 4369: 4353:Angelo Comastri 4311:Eugenio Pacelli 4233:Annibale Albani 4221:Carlo Barberini 4182:Ippolito d'Este 4149:Giordano Orsini 4067: 4063: 4047: 4034: 4030: 4014:Giovanni (1053) 3989:, 16 April 2005 3975: 3968: 3955: 3946: 3940: 3931: 3924: 3915: 3912: 3855:is the tomb of 3822:Pope John XXIII 3776:Prefect of Rome 3743: 3715:Camillo Rusconi 3657:Saint Sebastian 3638: 3631: 3629: 3624: 3615: 3613: 3608: 3599: 3597: 3592: 3583: 3582:by Andrea Bolgi 3581: 3576: 3563:Francesco Mochi 3434: 3423: 3416: 3409: 3402: 3357:(18th century). 3332: 3327: 3280:Pope Clement XI 3237: 3230: 3225: 3095: 3082: 2933: 2927: 2904:John Chrysostom 2861: 2855: 2755: 2749: 2721:Pope Urban VIII 2711:As a young boy 2709: 2696: 2589: 2521: 2480: 2446: 2418: 2375: 2357:were accepted. 2298:Borghese Palace 2274: 2265: 2257: 2239: 2223:and a relic of 2205: 2176:Galasso Alghisi 2101: 2094: 2091: 2082: 2079: 2070: 2069:Bramante's dome 2067: 2036:In the case of 1995: 1955: 1889: 1882: 1879: 1870: 1867: 1858: 1857:Bramante's plan 1855: 1764:Donato Bramante 1756: 1751: 1719: 1599:Pope Nicholas V 1591: 1589:Plan to rebuild 1548: 1522: 1439:. According to 1371: 1365: 1360: 1304:Catholic Church 1292:Major Basilicas 1285:Pope Urban VIII 1256:twelve Apostles 1238:Bishops at the 1225:minor basilicas 1209:Major Basilicas 1205:papal basilicas 1201: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1023:Saint Sebastian 1011:Saint Wenceslas 856: 845: 839: 836: 825: 813: 802: 691:Diocese of Rome 683:Catholic Church 655:Donato Bramante 632:Pope Nicholas V 505: 406: 388: 386: 351: 230: 168: 166: 162: 159: 154: 151: 149: 147: 146: 137: 114: 113: 104: 89: 64: 59: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 16305: 16295: 16294: 16289: 16284: 16279: 16274: 16269: 16264: 16262:Pope Julius II 16259: 16254: 16249: 16244: 16239: 16234: 16229: 16224: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16189: 16188: 16171: 16154: 16137: 16108: 16105: 16104: 16092: 16080: 16068: 16045: 16044: 16042: 16041: 16035: 16033: 16029: 16028: 16026: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16009: 16007: 16001: 16000: 15998: 15997: 15992: 15987: 15982: 15977: 15972: 15967: 15962: 15957: 15951: 15949: 15941: 15940: 15937: 15936: 15934: 15933: 15928: 15922: 15919: 15918: 15916: 15915: 15910: 15905: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15879: 15877: 15868: 15864: 15863: 15861: 15860: 15855: 15850: 15845: 15840: 15833: 15826: 15821: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15799: 15791: 15789: 15783: 15782: 15780: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15699: 15694: 15689: 15684: 15679: 15674: 15669: 15664: 15659: 15654: 15652:Galleria Spada 15649: 15644: 15639: 15634: 15629: 15624: 15619: 15617:Casa di Goethe 15614: 15609: 15603: 15601: 15593: 15592: 15590: 15589: 15584: 15582:Villa Torlonia 15579: 15574: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15553: 15551: 15547:Parks, gardens 15543: 15542: 15540: 15539: 15534: 15529: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15507:Piazza Venezia 15504: 15499: 15494: 15489: 15487:Piazza Farnese 15484: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15462:Piazza Colonna 15459: 15454: 15449: 15443: 15441: 15429: 15428: 15426: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15374: 15372: 15368: 15367: 15365: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15352:Trevi Fountain 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15332:di Ponte Sisto 15329: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15228: 15226: 15222: 15221: 15219: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15166:Palazzo Riario 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15146:Palazzo Mattei 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15126:Palazzo Madama 15123: 15121:Lateran Palace 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15042: 15040: 15036: 15035: 15033: 15032: 15024: 15022: 15020:Other churches 15016: 15015: 15013: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14967: 14962: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14942: 14937: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14797: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14676: 14674: 14670:Roman Catholic 14666: 14665: 14662: 14661: 14659: 14658: 14651: 14646: 14643:Pons Fabricius 14639: 14631: 14629: 14625: 14624: 14622: 14621: 14614: 14609: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14574: 14569: 14564: 14559: 14554: 14549: 14544: 14536: 14534: 14530: 14529: 14527: 14526: 14521: 14513: 14511: 14507: 14506: 14504: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14486: 14481: 14475: 14473: 14469: 14468: 14466: 14465: 14457: 14452: 14445: 14443:Villa of Livia 14440: 14437:Villa Gordiani 14433: 14428: 14423: 14421:Flavian Palace 14418: 14411: 14404: 14396: 14394: 14387: 14386: 14384: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14357: 14356: 14344: 14342:Circus of Nero 14339: 14334: 14332:Circus Maximus 14328: 14326: 14322: 14321: 14319: 14318: 14311: 14304: 14297: 14290: 14283: 14280:Basilica Ulpia 14276: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14258:Basilica Julia 14254: 14246: 14244: 14240: 14239: 14237: 14236: 14229: 14222: 14221: 14220: 14218:Trajan's Forum 14215: 14210: 14208:Forum of Nerva 14205: 14200: 14190: 14184: 14182: 14178: 14177: 14175: 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14152: 14151: 14150: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14077: 14075: 14071: 14070: 14068: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14041: 14039: 14035: 14034: 14032: 14031: 14024: 14016: 14014: 14010: 14009: 14007: 14006: 13999: 13992: 13985: 13978: 13971: 13964: 13957: 13949: 13947: 13943: 13942: 13940: 13939: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13910:Arch of Drusus 13907: 13902: 13896: 13894: 13887: 13879: 13878: 13876: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13854: 13852: 13845: 13844: 13842: 13841: 13840: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13767:Janiculum Wall 13764: 13759: 13758: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13737: 13736: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13723:San Sebastiano 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13653:Aurelian Walls 13649: 13647: 13643: 13642: 13635: 13634: 13627: 13620: 13612: 13603: 13602: 13600: 13599: 13587: 13574: 13571: 13570: 13568: 13567: 13562: 13561: 13560: 13555: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13522: 13520: 13516: 13515: 13512: 13511: 13508: 13507: 13505: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13488: 13486: 13477: 13476: 13467: 13461: 13460: 13459: 13456: 13450: 13447: 13438: 13436: 13430: 13429: 13426: 13425: 13423: 13422: 13421: 13420: 13412: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13388: 13383: 13377: 13373:Palace of the 13370: 13368: 13358: 13357: 13355: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13336: 13335: 13334: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13288: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13266: 13261: 13260: 13259: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13239:Lateran Palace 13235: 13228: 13227: 13225: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13203: 13201: 13191: 13190: 13182: 13171: 13168:territoriality 13155: 13154: 13151: 13150: 13147: 13146: 13144: 13143: 13138: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13092: 13090: 13084: 13083: 13081: 13080: 13075: 13069: 13067: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13030:Velletri-Segni 13027: 13021: 13019: 13010: 12989:Ecclesiastical 12985: 12984: 12982: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12965: 12963: 12954: 12945:full communion 12929: 12928: 12925: 12924: 12922: 12921: 12920: 12919: 12909: 12908: 12907: 12897: 12896: 12895: 12888:European Union 12885: 12884: 12883: 12882: 12881: 12869:United Nations 12866: 12861: 12860: 12859: 12849: 12844: 12838: 12836: 12824: 12823: 12821: 12820: 12819: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12802: 12801: 12791: 12780: 12778: 12772: 12771: 12769: 12768: 12767: 12766: 12764:Papal conclave 12756: 12750: 12748: 12742: 12741: 12739: 12738: 12737: 12736: 12731: 12721: 12719:Pietro Parolin 12713: 12704: 12702: 12693: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12654: 12653: 12651:Lateran Treaty 12643: 12638: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12620: 12619: 12617:Temporal power 12609: 12607:Avignon Papacy 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12588: 12587: 12580:Lateran Palace 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12551: 12549: 12543: 12542: 12540: 12539: 12530: 12521: 12497: 12494: 12493: 12486: 12485: 12478: 12471: 12463: 12454: 12453: 12451: 12450: 12438: 12425: 12422: 12421: 12419: 12418: 12417: 12416: 12414:Western Schism 12406: 12401: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12375: 12374: 12372:Major Seminary 12364: 12363: 12362: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12341: 12340: 12331:Papal nobility 12327: 12325: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12301: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12284: 12283: 12273: 12263: 12262: 12261: 12256: 12245: 12243: 12239: 12238: 12236: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12204: 12203: 12193: 12188: 12179: 12173: 12171: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12145: 12143: 12142:Transportation 12139: 12138: 12136: 12135: 12130: 12129: 12128: 12118: 12116:Sub-cinctorium 12113: 12112: 12111: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12050: 12048: 12042: 12041: 12039: 12038: 12033: 12032: 12031: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12001: 12000: 11999: 11989: 11988: 11987: 11980: 11968: 11967: 11966: 11955: 11953: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11924: 11923: 11913: 11908: 11902: 11900: 11896: 11895: 11893: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11875:Keys of Heaven 11872: 11867: 11862: 11856: 11854: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11802:Bishop of Rome 11799: 11793: 11791: 11779: 11778: 11776: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11754: 11752: 11746: 11745: 11743: 11742: 11732: 11726: 11725: 11724: 11722:Sistine Chapel 11719: 11709: 11702: 11700: 11696: 11695: 11692: 11691: 11688: 11687: 11685: 11684: 11675: 11674: 11673: 11670:Lateran Treaty 11653: 11651: 11632: 11631: 11630: 11629: 11628: 11627: 11598: 11596: 11593:Full communion 11581: 11575: 11574: 11561: 11558: 11557: 11550: 11549: 11542: 11535: 11527: 11518: 11517: 11515: 11514: 11502: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11482: 11481: 11479: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11332: 11330: 11321: 11320: 11314: 11308: 11302: 11294: 11293:(16th century) 11287: 11285: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11275: 11272: 11269: 11264: 11260: 11258: 11252: 11251: 11248: 11247: 11245: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11187:Ecclesiastical 11184: 11179: 11173: 11171: 11167: 11166: 11164: 11163: 11162: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146:Communications 11143: 11142: 11141: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11121: 11120: 11119: 11109: 11108: 11107: 11099: 11098: 11097: 11087: 11086: 11085: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11062: 11061: 11060: 11055:Evangelization 11051: 11049: 11042: 11038: 11037: 11035: 11034: 11031: 11028: 11025: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11009: 11004: 10998: 10996: 10992: 10991: 10989: 10988: 10985: 10982: 10979: 10976: 10972: 10970: 10966: 10965: 10963: 10962: 10959: 10956: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10927: 10925: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10917: 10916: 10915: 10905: 10900: 10894: 10892: 10888: 10887: 10885: 10884: 10881: 10878: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10859: 10857: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10833: 10831: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10821: 10819:Communications 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10744:Evangelization 10740: 10738: 10732: 10731: 10728: 10727: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10720: 10717: 10712: 10708: 10702: 10693: 10689: 10688: 10677: 10676: 10669: 10662: 10654: 10645: 10644: 10642: 10641: 10629: 10627:Basilicas list 10623: 10620: 10619: 10617: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10295: 10293: 10287: 10286: 10279: 10277: 10275: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10253: 10251: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10241: 10236: 10230: 10227: 10226: 10215: 10214: 10207: 10200: 10192: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10179: 10167: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10147: 10142: 10136: 10130: 10125: 10119: 10117: 10113: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10089: 10087: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10079: 10073: 10071: 10065: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10057: 10052: 10045: 10044: 10043: 10036: 10024: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10007: 9997: 9996: 9995: 9984: 9982: 9973: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9950: 9949: 9948: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9926:Climate Forest 9923: 9922: 9921: 9911: 9906: 9905: 9904: 9899: 9888: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9868: 9867: 9866: 9861: 9850: 9848: 9847:Infrastructure 9844: 9843: 9841: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9829: 9828: 9827: 9826: 9819:Poste Vaticane 9816: 9809:Communications 9806: 9801: 9795: 9789: 9783: 9782: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9775: 9769: 9764: 9758: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9746: 9745: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9728: 9727: 9717: 9706: 9704: 9698: 9697: 9695: 9694: 9692:Pietro Parolin 9686: 9677: 9675: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9667: 9666: 9661: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9630: 9624: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9590: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9558: 9557: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9523: 9513: 9508: 9507: 9506: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9480: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9436:Pio-Clementino 9433: 9428: 9423: 9417: 9415: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9405: 9404: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9386:Sistine Chapel 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9357: 9356: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9328: 9326: 9320: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9301: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9280: 9273: 9268: 9262: 9260: 9251: 9249:Major basilica 9238: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9211:Lateran Treaty 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9192: 9191: 9181: 9179:Circus of Nero 9176: 9169: 9163: 9161: 9155: 9154: 9152: 9151: 9146: 9145: 9144: 9130: 9129: 9128: 9118: 9113: 9107: 9104: 9103: 9092: 9091: 9084: 9077: 9069: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9045:Giorgio Vasari 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9021: 9019: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9011: 9003: 8995: 8989: 8983: 8977: 8962: 8954: 8948: 8940: 8924: 8922: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8862:Girolamo Genga 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8822:Fra Bartolomeo 8819: 8814: 8808: 8806: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8767: 8765: 8761: 8760: 8753: 8752: 8745: 8738: 8730: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8717: 8709: 8708:(collaborator) 8703: 8702:(collaborator) 8697: 8691: 8689: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8681: 8675: 8669: 8663: 8657: 8647: 8640: 8638: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8630: 8620: 8606: 8600: 8594: 8588: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8563: 8553: 8547: 8541: 8535: 8529: 8523: 8517: 8510: 8508: 8502: 8501: 8494: 8493: 8486: 8479: 8471: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8458: 8457:(collaborator) 8452: 8451:(collaborator) 8446: 8440: 8434: 8428: 8423: 8417: 8415: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8407: 8393: 8379: 8376:Palazzo Mattei 8372: 8370: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8362: 8361:(c. 1601–1605) 8351: 8349: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8341: 8335: 8329: 8323: 8317: 8311: 8305: 8299: 8293: 8286: 8284: 8278: 8277: 8270: 8269: 8262: 8255: 8247: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8228: 8226: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8218: 8205: 8203: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8195: 8185: 8174: 8172: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8164: 8158: 8152: 8146: 8136: 8126: 8116: 8110: 8095: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8081: 8080: 8073: 8066: 8058: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8025:(1990 TV film) 8019: 8008: 8000: 7995: 7987: 7979: 7974: 7967: 7962: 7956: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7939:Febo di Poggio 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7905: 7903: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7895: 7888: 7881: 7874: 7867: 7860: 7852: 7850: 7849:Works on paper 7842: 7841: 7831: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7777: 7775: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7753: 7751: 7743: 7742: 7732: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7720: 7713: 7705: 7703: 7701:Pauline Chapel 7697: 7696: 7694: 7693: 7686: 7685: 7684: 7677: 7670: 7663: 7660:Prophet Isaiah 7656: 7653:Prophet Daniel 7649: 7642: 7635: 7622: 7620: 7614:Sistine Chapel 7610: 7609: 7607: 7606: 7597: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7585: 7577: 7570: 7567:The Entombment 7563: 7556: 7548: 7546: 7538: 7537: 7527: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7508: 7500: 7493: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7468: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7456:Medici Madonna 7452: 7445: 7438: 7431: 7424: 7416:Medici Chapel 7414: 7406: 7404: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7396: 7389: 7382: 7375: 7368: 7361: 7354: 7347: 7340: 7333: 7325: 7323: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7300: 7293: 7286: 7285: 7284: 7261: 7254: 7246: 7244: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7229: 7225:Standing Cupid 7221: 7214: 7210:Sleeping Cupid 7205: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7193: 7186: 7183:Saint Proculus 7179: 7165: 7163: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7148: 7141: 7134: 7130:Head of a Faun 7125: 7123: 7109: 7108: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7091: 7088: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7069: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7046: 7038: 7037: 7035:Current holder 7032: 7019: 7016: 7012: 7011: 7006: 7003: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6982: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6961: 6955: 6950: 6944: 6939: 6925: 6924:External links 6922: 6920: 6919: 6907: 6879: 6870: 6864: 6849: 6843: 6828: 6810: 6795: 6781: 6763: 6726: 6692: 6667: 6661: 6648: 6642: 6629: 6623: 6607: 6601: 6584: 6578: 6566:Gardner, Helen 6562: 6524:10.2307/204124 6500: 6474: 6451:10.2307/767006 6434: 6428: 6415: 6378: 6366:10.2307/990755 6349: 6332: 6309:10.2307/988425 6288: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277:, p. 241. 6266: 6240: 6211: 6182: 6153: 6116: 6090: 6060: 6030: 6000: 5981:Kilby, Peter. 5973: 5958: 5954:Maderno's Nave 5942: 5930: 5900: 5867: 5845: 5838: 5812: 5805: 5779: 5761: 5748: 5720: 5709: 5693: 5680: 5667: 5648: 5635: 5621: 5604: 5602:, pp. 6–7 5592: 5571: 5552: 5517: 5495: 5475: 5460: 5429: 5416: 5354: 5324: 5311: 5299: 5276: 5256: 5249: 5231: 5208: 5178: 5157:"Vatican City" 5148: 5118: 5107:on 23 May 2018 5089: 5080: 5062: 5036: 5018: 4987: 4961: 4944:Papal Audience 4931: 4898: 4881:reidsitaly.com 4868: 4855: 4853:, p. 588. 4836: 4796: 4767: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4727: 4717: 4713: 2494 BC 4701: 4692: 4650: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4598: 4578: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4386: 4373: 4372:Specifications 4370: 4368: 4367: 4364:Mauro Gambetti 4361: 4360: 4359: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4137:Antonio Correr 4134: 4131: 4128: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4080: 4074: 4071: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4041: 4038: 4024: 4021: 4015: 4011: 3987:papal conclave 3974: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3956: 3949: 3947: 3941: 3934: 3932: 3925: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3874: 3859: 3857:Pope Pius VIII 3849: 3836: 3825: 3810: 3791:Charles Edward 3779: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3737: 3722: 3703: 3680: 3653: 3646: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3627:Saint Veronica 3625: 3618: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3600: 3595:Saint Longinus 3593: 3586: 3584: 3577: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3555:Saint Veronica 3535:Saint Longinus 3515: 3504: 3493: 3474: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3445:from designer 3433: 3430: 3395: 3394: 3375: 3358: 3343: 3336: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3094: 3091: 3081: 3078: 3032:of the simple 2965:Circus of Nero 2929:Main article: 2926: 2923: 2877:Cathedra Petri 2857:Main article: 2854: 2851: 2847:Saint Longinus 2833:discovered in 2810:Cathedra Petri 2751:Main article: 2748: 2745: 2708: 2705: 2695: 2692: 2588: 2585: 2520: 2519:Maderno's nave 2517: 2479: 2476: 2445: 2442: 2374: 2371: 2290:Pope Sylvester 2273: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2204: 2201: 2145:Giorgio Vasari 2100: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2092: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2061: 2001:1506 medal by 1994: 1991: 1954: 1951: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1873: 1871: 1869:Raphael's plan 1868: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1849: 1824:At this point 1760:Uffizi Gallery 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1718: 1715: 1631:Uffizi Gallery 1622:Pope Julius II 1595:Avignon Papacy 1590: 1587: 1544:Main article: 1521: 1518: 1460:Mons Vaticanus 1445:Circus of Nero 1367:Main article: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1268:Bishop of Rome 1217:St. Mary Major 1200: 1197: 1186: 1185: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1075:Alexander VIII 1019:Holy Sacrament 890:. Its central 866:View from the 858: 857: 816: 814: 807: 801: 798: 722:Bishop of Rome 712:, chief among 571: 570: 567: 566: 563: 562: 557: 553: 552: 547: 543: 542: 535: 531: 530: 527: 523: 522: 519: 515: 514: 511: 507: 506: 501: 498: 497: 494: 493: 491:Mauro Gambetti 488: 482: 481: 477: 476: 471: 465: 464: 463:Administration 460: 459: 456: 452: 451: 448: 444: 443: 440: 433: 432: 429: 425: 424: 421: 417: 416: 413: 409: 408: 403: 399: 398: 397:Specifications 394: 393: 383: 379: 378: 375: 373:Groundbreaking 369: 368: 359: 353: 352: 350: 349: 286: 284: 278: 277: 273: 272: 269: 263: 262: 257: 251: 250: 245: 241: 240: 236: 235: 228: 224: 223: 218: 212: 211: 206: 199: 198: 193: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 143: 142: 139: 138: 124: 116: 115: 112: 111: 96: 80: 79: 76: 75: 71: 70: 62: 50: 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16304: 16293: 16290: 16288: 16285: 16283: 16280: 16278: 16275: 16273: 16270: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16253: 16250: 16248: 16245: 16243: 16240: 16238: 16235: 16233: 16230: 16228: 16225: 16223: 16220: 16218: 16215: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16199: 16197: 16186:from Wikidata 16185: 16184: 16172: 16168: 16167: 16166:Travel guides 16155: 16151: 16150: 16138: 16134: 16133: 16121: 16120: 16117: 16111: 16103: 16093: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16079: 16069: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16056: 16053: 16040: 16037: 16036: 16034: 16030: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16010: 16008: 16006: 16002: 15996: 15995:Villa Farnese 15993: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15966: 15963: 15961: 15958: 15956: 15953: 15952: 15950: 15948: 15942: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15923: 15920: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15880: 15878: 15876: 15872: 15869: 15865: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15848:Raphael Rooms 15846: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15838: 15834: 15832: 15831: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15819: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15797: 15793: 15792: 15790: 15788: 15784: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15697:Museo di Roma 15695: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15683: 15680: 15678: 15675: 15673: 15670: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15610: 15608: 15605: 15604: 15602: 15600: 15599:art galleries 15594: 15588: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15565: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15555: 15554: 15552: 15548: 15544: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15517:Via del Corso 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15492:Piazza Navona 15490: 15488: 15485: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15444: 15442: 15438: 15434: 15430: 15424: 15423:Spanish Steps 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15413:Milizie Tower 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15393:Capocci Tower 15391: 15389: 15386: 15383: 15379: 15376: 15375: 15373: 15369: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15337:Quattro Fiumi 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15229: 15227: 15223: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15176:Palazzo Spada 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15131:Palazzo Malta 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15091:Palazzo Chigi 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15043: 15041: 15037: 15031: 15030: 15026: 15025: 15023: 15021: 15017: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14966: 14963: 14961: 14958: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14945:S. Pudenziana 14943: 14941: 14938: 14936: 14933: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14677: 14675: 14673: 14667: 14657: 14656: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14644: 14640: 14638: 14637: 14633: 14632: 14630: 14626: 14620: 14619: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14573: 14570: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14558: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14542: 14541:Casal Rotondo 14538: 14537: 14535: 14531: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14519: 14515: 14514: 14512: 14508: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14491: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14476: 14474: 14470: 14464: 14463: 14460:Villa of the 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14450: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14438: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14416: 14412: 14410: 14409: 14405: 14403: 14402: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14393: 14388: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14355: 14354: 14350: 14349: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14329: 14327: 14325:Entertainment 14323: 14317: 14316: 14312: 14310: 14309: 14305: 14303: 14302: 14298: 14296: 14295: 14291: 14289: 14288: 14284: 14282: 14281: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14259: 14255: 14253: 14252: 14248: 14247: 14245: 14241: 14235: 14234: 14230: 14228: 14227: 14226:Forum Boarium 14223: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14195: 14194: 14193:Imperial fora 14191: 14189: 14186: 14185: 14183: 14179: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14157: 14153: 14149: 14146: 14145: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14083: 14079: 14078: 14076: 14072: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14060:Baths of Nero 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14042: 14040: 14036: 14030: 14029: 14025: 14023: 14022: 14021:Cloaca Maxima 14018: 14017: 14015: 14011: 14005: 14004: 14000: 13998: 13997: 13993: 13991: 13990: 13986: 13984: 13983: 13979: 13977: 13976: 13972: 13970: 13969: 13965: 13963: 13962: 13958: 13956: 13955: 13951: 13950: 13948: 13944: 13938: 13937: 13933: 13931: 13930:Arch of Titus 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13920:Arch of Janus 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13897: 13895: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883:Ancient Roman 13880: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13855: 13853: 13851: 13846: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13832:Querquetulana 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13784: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13756: 13755:Santo Spirito 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13742: 13741: 13738: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13708:San Pancrazio 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13655: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13648: 13644: 13640: 13633: 13628: 13626: 13621: 13619: 13614: 13613: 13610: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13586: 13576: 13575: 13572: 13566: 13563: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13550: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13543:Peter's Pence 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13528: 13524: 13523: 13521: 13517: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13489: 13487: 13481: 13475: 13471: 13470:Vatican Radio 13468: 13466: 13462: 13457: 13455: 13451: 13448: 13445: 13444: 13443: 13440: 13439: 13437: 13431: 13419: 13416: 13415: 13413: 13411: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13378: 13376: 13375:Holy Apostles 13372: 13371: 13369: 13363: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13337: 13333: 13330: 13329: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13241: 13240: 13237: 13236: 13233: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13200: 13196: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13175: 13172: 13169: 13160: 13156: 13142: 13139: 13137: 13134: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13101:Anagni-Alatri 13099: 13097: 13094: 13093: 13091: 13089: 13085: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13070: 13068: 13066: 13062: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13022: 13020: 13018: 13014: 13011: 13007: 13002: 12998: 12992: 12986: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12962: 12958: 12955: 12951: 12950:Papal primacy 12946: 12942: 12936: 12930: 12918: 12915: 12914: 12913: 12910: 12906: 12903: 12902: 12901: 12898: 12894: 12891: 12890: 12889: 12886: 12880: 12877: 12876: 12875: 12872: 12871: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12858: 12855: 12854: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12829: 12825: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12811:Congregations 12809: 12807: 12804: 12800: 12797: 12796: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12786: 12785: 12782: 12781: 12779: 12777: 12773: 12765: 12762: 12761: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12751: 12749: 12747: 12743: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12726: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12706: 12705: 12703: 12701: 12697: 12694: 12690: 12685: 12682:international 12676: 12670: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12636: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12592:Duchy of Rome 12590: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12555:Apostolic see 12553: 12552: 12550: 12548: 12544: 12538: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12516: 12512: 12509: 12505: 12504:episcopal see 12502: 12499: 12498: 12495: 12491: 12484: 12479: 12477: 12472: 12470: 12465: 12464: 12461: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12437: 12427: 12426: 12423: 12415: 12412: 12411: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12373: 12370: 12369: 12368: 12365: 12361: 12358: 12357: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12338: 12334: 12333: 12332: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12322: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12293:Congregations 12291: 12289: 12286: 12282: 12279: 12278: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12268: 12267: 12264: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12251: 12250: 12247: 12246: 12244: 12240: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12202: 12199: 12198: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12174: 12172: 12170: 12166: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12146: 12144: 12140: 12134: 12131: 12127: 12124: 12123: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12110: 12107: 12106: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12051: 12049: 12047: 12043: 12037: 12034: 12030: 12027: 12026: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 11998: 11995: 11994: 11993: 11990: 11986: 11985: 11981: 11978: 11974: 11973: 11972: 11969: 11965: 11962: 11961: 11960: 11957: 11956: 11954: 11950: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11922: 11919: 11918: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11906:Infallibility 11904: 11903: 11901: 11899:Proclamations 11897: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11860:Coats of arms 11858: 11857: 11855: 11853: 11849: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11784: 11780: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11751: 11747: 11740: 11736: 11733: 11730: 11727: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11714: 11713: 11710: 11707: 11704: 11703: 11701: 11697: 11683: 11680: 11676: 11671: 11668: 11667: 11666: 11662: 11658: 11655: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11645: 11640: 11636: 11626: 11623: 11622: 11621: 11618: 11617: 11616: 11612: 11608: 11607: 11604: 11600: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11589: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11576: 11572: 11568: 11564: 11559: 11555: 11548: 11543: 11541: 11536: 11534: 11529: 11528: 11525: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11501: 11491: 11490: 11487: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11441: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11364: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11333: 11331: 11325: 11318: 11315: 11312: 11309: 11306: 11303: 11300: 11299: 11295: 11292: 11289: 11288: 11286: 11284: 11280: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11257: 11253: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11174: 11172: 11168: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150:Vatican Press 11149: 11148: 11147: 11144: 11139: 11138: 11137: 11134: 11130: 11127: 11126: 11125: 11122: 11118: 11115: 11114: 11113: 11110: 11105: 11104: 11103: 11100: 11096: 11093: 11092: 11091: 11088: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11067: 11066: 11063: 11058: 11057: 11056: 11053: 11052: 11050: 11046: 11043: 11039: 11032: 11029: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10993: 10986: 10983: 10980: 10977: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10967: 10960: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10922: 10914: 10911: 10910: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10895: 10893: 10889: 10882: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10860: 10858: 10854: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10830: 10826: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10733: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10710: 10709: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10697: 10694: 10690: 10686: 10682: 10675: 10670: 10668: 10663: 10661: 10656: 10655: 10652: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10624: 10621: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10549:S. Pudenziana 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10296: 10294: 10292: 10288: 10283: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10246: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10231: 10228: 10224: 10220: 10213: 10208: 10206: 10201: 10199: 10194: 10193: 10190: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10166: 10156: 10155: 10152: 10146: 10143: 10140: 10137: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10114: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10084: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10070: 10066: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10050: 10046: 10042: 10041: 10037: 10035: 10034: 10030: 10029: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10010:Vatican Radio 10008: 10006: 10003: 10002: 10001: 10000:Vatican Media 9998: 9994: 9991: 9990: 9989: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9977: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9959: 9956: 9955: 9954: 9951: 9947: 9944: 9943: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9920: 9917: 9916: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9894: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9877: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9856: 9855: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9845: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9825: 9822: 9821: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9811: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9796: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9784: 9774: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9751: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9737:Congregations 9735: 9733: 9730: 9726: 9723: 9722: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9711: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9703: 9699: 9693: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9672: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9649:Vicar General 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9625: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9574: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9556: 9555: 9551: 9550: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9505: 9502: 9501: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9489:Casina Pio IV 9487: 9485: 9482: 9481: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9456:Pio Cristiano 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9414: 9410: 9402: 9401:Room of Tears 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9388: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9366:Raphael Rooms 9364: 9362: 9359: 9355: 9354: 9350: 9349: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9321: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9285: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9278: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9233: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9221:Borgo Vecchio 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9174: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9156: 9150: 9147: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9134: 9131: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9090: 9085: 9083: 9078: 9076: 9071: 9070: 9067: 9053: 9052: 9048: 9047: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9016: 9009: 9008: 9004: 9001: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8992:Raphael Rooms 8990: 8987: 8984: 8981: 8978: 8968: 8967: 8963: 8960: 8959: 8955: 8952: 8949: 8946: 8945: 8941: 8931: 8930: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8919: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8907:Palma Vecchio 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8867:Lorenzo Lotto 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8842:Giulio Clovio 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8805:Other artists 8803: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8751: 8746: 8744: 8739: 8737: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8715: 8714: 8710: 8707: 8704: 8701: 8700:Carlo Maderno 8698: 8696: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8686: 8679: 8676: 8673: 8670: 8667: 8664: 8661: 8658: 8655: 8651: 8648: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8635: 8628: 8624: 8621: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8607: 8604: 8601: 8598: 8597:Palazzo Spada 8595: 8592: 8589: 8586: 8582: 8581:Carlo Maderna 8578: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8568: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8551: 8548: 8545: 8542: 8539: 8536: 8533: 8530: 8527: 8524: 8521: 8518: 8515: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8503: 8499: 8492: 8487: 8485: 8480: 8478: 8473: 8472: 8469: 8456: 8453: 8450: 8447: 8444: 8441: 8438: 8435: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8412: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8394: 8391: 8387: 8383: 8380: 8377: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8367: 8360: 8356: 8355:Cerasi Chapel 8353: 8352: 8350: 8346: 8339: 8336: 8333: 8330: 8327: 8324: 8321: 8318: 8315: 8312: 8309: 8306: 8303: 8302:Santa Susanna 8300: 8297: 8294: 8291: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8279: 8275: 8274:Carlo Maderno 8268: 8263: 8261: 8256: 8254: 8249: 8248: 8245: 8233: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8223: 8216: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8200: 8193: 8189: 8186: 8183: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8169: 8162: 8159: 8156: 8153: 8150: 8147: 8144: 8140: 8137: 8134: 8130: 8127: 8124: 8120: 8117: 8114: 8111: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8079: 8074: 8072: 8067: 8065: 8060: 8059: 8056: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8009: 8007: 8005: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7900: 7894: 7893: 7889: 7887: 7886: 7882: 7880: 7879: 7875: 7873: 7872: 7868: 7866: 7865: 7861: 7859: 7858: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7836: 7832: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7737: 7733: 7719: 7718: 7714: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7682: 7681:Prophet Jonah 7678: 7676: 7675: 7671: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7662: 7661: 7657: 7655: 7654: 7650: 7648: 7647: 7643: 7641: 7640: 7636: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7628: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7604: 7603: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7590: 7583: 7582: 7578: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7569: 7568: 7564: 7562: 7561: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7532: 7528: 7514: 7513: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7494: 7492: 7491: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7472:Crouching Boy 7469: 7467: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7457: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7446: 7444: 7443: 7439: 7437: 7436: 7432: 7430: 7429: 7425: 7423: 7422: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7412: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7374: 7373: 7369: 7367: 7366: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7358:Bearded Slave 7355: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7346: 7345: 7341: 7339: 7338: 7334: 7332: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7305: 7304:Saint Matthew 7301: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7266: 7262: 7260: 7259: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7241: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7222: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7200: 7192: 7191: 7187: 7185: 7184: 7180: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7149: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7114: 7110: 7103: 7099: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7085:List of works 7082: 7081: 7078: 7074: 7067: 7062: 7060: 7055: 7053: 7048: 7047: 7044: 7036: 7025: 7024: 7013: 7009: 7008:Torre Eurosky 6996: 6995: 6984: 6979: 6976: 6971: 6968: 6965: 6962: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6933: 6928: 6927: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6871: 6867: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6829: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6803: 6802: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6778: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6727: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6702: 6697: 6693: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6668: 6664: 6658: 6654: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6635: 6630: 6626: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6593: 6592: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6501: 6489: 6485: 6484: 6479: 6475: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6431: 6429:9789662154535 6425: 6421: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6350: 6346: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6289: 6276: 6270: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6228: 6224: 6218: 6216: 6199: 6195: 6189: 6187: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6138: 6131: 6130: 6123: 6121: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6102: 6094: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6064: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6034: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6004: 5988: 5984: 5977: 5969: 5962: 5955: 5951: 5946: 5940:, p. 131 5939: 5934: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5872: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5849: 5841: 5839:0-15-503769-2 5835: 5831: 5826: 5825: 5816: 5808: 5806:0-15-503769-2 5802: 5798: 5793: 5792: 5783: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5759:, p. 458 5758: 5752: 5746: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5718: 5713: 5707:, p. 586 5706: 5705:Fletcher 1921 5700: 5698: 5691:, p. 586 5690: 5689:Fletcher 1921 5684: 5678:, p. 586 5677: 5676:Fletcher 1921 5671: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5646:, p. 458 5645: 5639: 5633: 5628: 5626: 5618: 5614: 5613:Johann Tetzel 5608: 5601: 5596: 5589: 5588:0-19-288003-9 5585: 5581: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5556: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5521: 5514: 5502: 5498: 5496:9780520021815 5492: 5488: 5487: 5479: 5471: 5464: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5420: 5414: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5321: 5315: 5309:, p. 118 5308: 5303: 5295: 5283: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5260: 5252: 5246: 5242: 5235: 5227: 5226: 5220: 5212: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5182: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5122: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5093: 5084: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5050: 5046: 5040: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4985: 4984:Fletcher 1921 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4902: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4866:, p. 12. 4865: 4859: 4852: 4851:Fletcher 1921 4848: 4843: 4841: 4834: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4772: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4737: 4721: 4705: 4696: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4647: 4641: 4632: 4623: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4602: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4574: 4568: 4564: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4365: 4362: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4329:Paolo Marella 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4078: 4077:Stefano Conti 4075: 4072: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4042: 4039: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3981:Cardinals at 3979: 3966: 3962: 3961: 3953: 3948: 3945: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3922: 3917: 3910: 3905: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3799:Neo-Classical 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3752:Carlo Fontana 3749: 3745: 3744: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3628: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3574: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3514:. (See above) 3513: 3509: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3411: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3383:Vico Consorti 3380: 3376: 3373: 3372:Giacomo Manzù 3369: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3245: 3241: 3235: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3021: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2993: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2973:Pope Sixtus V 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2937: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2912:Andrea Sacchi 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2878: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2812: 2811: 2800: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2700: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2680:Postmodernism 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2530: 2525: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2457: 2455: 2450: 2441: 2438: 2432: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2379: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2356: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2311: 2310:Carlo Maderno 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2278: 2269: 2259: 2253: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2153:Pope Sixtus V 2150: 2147:appointed by 2146: 2142: 2136: 2134: 2133:hemispherical 2130: 2126: 2117: 2110: 2105: 2089: 2084: 2077: 2072: 2065: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2004: 1999: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1950: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1936:Vatican State 1933: 1929: 1928:Carlo Maderno 1924: 1922: 1921:Helen Gardner 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1877: 1872: 1865: 1860: 1853: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1835:Giulio Romano 1830: 1827: 1822: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1739:Johann Tetzel 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1714: 1713:(1644–1655). 1712: 1708: 1705:(1621–1623), 1704: 1701:(1605–1621), 1700: 1696: 1693:(1592–1605), 1692: 1688: 1685:(1590–1591), 1684: 1680: 1677:(1585–1590), 1676: 1673:(1572–1585), 1672: 1668: 1665:(1559–1565), 1664: 1661:(1555–1559), 1660: 1656: 1653:(1550–1555), 1652: 1649:(1534–1549), 1648: 1645:(1523–1534), 1644: 1641:(1522–1523), 1640: 1637:(1513–1521), 1636: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1547: 1539: 1534: 1526: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1510:Pope Pius XII 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1484: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1431: 1430:Roman Emperor 1427: 1422: 1420: 1419:Matthew 16:18 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1300:mother church 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1193: 1188: 1182: 1175: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1071:Alexander VII 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1051:Innocent VIII 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1007:Saint Erasmus 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 967:Saint Gregory 964: 960: 956: 950: 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 931:largest domes 928: 924: 920: 915: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 882:and near the 881: 873: 869: 864: 854: 851: 843: 833: 829: 823: 822: 817:This section 815: 811: 806: 805: 797: 795: 794: 789: 788: 783: 782: 777: 772: 770: 767:and Catholic 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 706: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 679:mother church 676: 672: 668: 664: 663:Carlo Maderno 660: 656: 651: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 622: 618: 614: 611: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 587:), or simply 586: 582: 578: 568: 564: 561: 558: 554: 551: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 529:i, ii, iv, vi 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 510:Official name 508: 504: 499: 495: 492: 489: 487: 483: 478: 475: 472: 470: 466: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 404: 400: 395: 384: 380: 377:18 April 1506 376: 374: 370: 367: 363: 360: 358: 354: 347: 343: 339: 338:Carlo Maderno 335: 334:Pirro Ligorio 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 288: 287: 285: 283: 279: 274: 270: 268: 264: 261: 258: 256: 252: 249: 246: 242: 237: 233: 229: 225: 222: 219: 217: 213: 210: 207: 204: 200: 197: 194: 192: 188: 185: 182: 178: 173: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 122: 117: 108: 101: 97: 93: 86: 82: 81: 77: 72: 67: 61: 57: 40: 36: 32: 25: 20: 16181: 16164: 16147: 16135:from Commons 16130: 16109: 16090:Architecture 16078:Vatican City 16039:Vatican City 15990:Villa d'Este 15980:Ostia Antica 15960:Capo di Bove 15926:Tiber Island 15835: 15828: 15816: 15794: 15577:Villa Medici 15418:Sisto Bridge 15388:Campo Verano 15292:del Pantheon 15237:Acqua Felice 15216:Villa Madama 15211:Villa Giulia 15161:Palazzo Poli 15027: 14925:S. Pancrazio 14810:S. Eustachio 14790:S. Crisogono 14740:Ss. Apostoli 14694: 14653: 14649:Ponte Milvio 14641: 14636:Pons Cestius 14634: 14616: 14539: 14516: 14461: 14447: 14435: 14413: 14406: 14399: 14391: 14390:Palaces and 14353:Ludus Magnus 14351: 14313: 14306: 14299: 14292: 14285: 14278: 14256: 14249: 14231: 14224: 14154: 14080: 14038:Public baths 14026: 14019: 14001: 13994: 13987: 13982:Aqua Claudia 13980: 13973: 13966: 13959: 13952: 13934: 13787:Caelimontana 13782:Servian Wall 13772:Terreus Wall 13745:Cavalleggeri 13740:Leonine Wall 13718:San Giovanni 13525: 13347:Beda College 13249:Scala Sancta 13206: 13073:Montecassino 13006:Vatican City 12689:Legal status 12658:World War II 12646:Vatican City 12641:Savoyard era 12612:Papal States 12528:Vatican City 12159:Shepherd One 12019:Inauguration 11984:Urbi et Orbi 11982: 11797:His Holiness 11762: 11706:Vatican City 11699:Headquarters 11639:Vatican City 11601: 11579:Jurisdiction 11439: 11362: 11296: 11020:Disciplinary 11015:Swiss Guards 10529:S. Pancrazio 10409:S. Eustachio 10389:S. Crisogono 10339:Ss. Apostoli 10261: 10128:Cricket team 10098:Coat of arms 10047: 10038: 10031: 10005:Vatican News 9931:Demographics 9909:Architecture 9897:AT telescope 9614:Vatican Hill 9552: 9461:Ethnographic 9351: 9275: 9257: 9196:Leonine City 9096:Vatican City 9049: 9040:Leonardeschi 9005: 8997: 8979: 8964: 8956: 8942: 8927: 8781:Michelangelo 8711: 8659: 8587:, 1627–1633) 8505:Churches and 8406:, 1627–1633) 8319: 8281:Churches and 8214: 8208: 8138: 8022: 8014:(1961 novel, 8011: 8003: 7991: 7983: 7982:Replicas of 7969: 7890: 7883: 7876: 7869: 7862: 7855: 7795: 7757:New Sacristy 7740:Architecture 7715: 7708: 7688: 7679: 7674:Prophet Joel 7672: 7665: 7658: 7651: 7644: 7637: 7630: 7600: 7579: 7572: 7565: 7558: 7551: 7510: 7502: 7495: 7488: 7470: 7463: 7454: 7447: 7440: 7433: 7426: 7419: 7409: 7391: 7384: 7377: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7349: 7342: 7335: 7328: 7302: 7297:Taddei Tondo 7295: 7288: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7270:Saints Peter 7269: 7256: 7249: 7231: 7223: 7216: 7208: 7188: 7181: 7174: 7150: 7143: 7136: 7128: 7090:✻ attributed 7083: 7073:Michelangelo 7034: 7027:1626–present 7023:Tallest dome 7021: 6992: 6974: 6937:(in Italian) 6915:the original 6899:. Retrieved 6895:the original 6886: 6875:Architectura 6874: 6854: 6833: 6820:. Retrieved 6800: 6771: 6734: 6730: 6718:. Retrieved 6700: 6684:. Retrieved 6675: 6652: 6633: 6614: 6591:Michelangelo 6590: 6569: 6551:. Retrieved 6515: 6511: 6492:. Retrieved 6482: 6445:(1): 16–26. 6442: 6438: 6419: 6386: 6382: 6357: 6353: 6342: 6300: 6296: 6285:Bibliography 6269: 6257:. Retrieved 6243: 6231:. Retrieved 6202:. Retrieved 6173:. Retrieved 6144:. Retrieved 6128: 6105: 6100: 6093: 6081:. Retrieved 6072: 6063: 6051:. Retrieved 6042: 6033: 6021:. Retrieved 6012: 6003: 5991:. Retrieved 5976: 5967: 5961: 5945: 5933: 5921:. Retrieved 5903: 5891:. Retrieved 5882: 5855: 5848: 5823: 5815: 5790: 5782: 5774: 5751: 5712: 5683: 5670: 5657: 5651: 5638: 5616: 5607: 5595: 5579: 5574: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5543:. Retrieved 5534: 5530: 5520: 5512: 5505:. Retrieved 5485: 5478: 5469: 5463: 5451:. Retrieved 5447:the original 5442: 5432: 5424: 5419: 5345:. Retrieved 5336: 5327: 5314: 5302: 5294:Google Books 5292:– via 5286:. Retrieved 5266: 5259: 5240: 5234: 5223: 5211: 5199:. Retrieved 5195:the original 5190: 5181: 5169:. Retrieved 5160: 5151: 5139:. Retrieved 5135:the original 5130: 5121: 5109:. Retrieved 5105:the original 5099: 5092: 5083: 5074: 5065: 5053:. Retrieved 5039: 5009:. Retrieved 5000: 4990: 4952:. Retrieved 4948:the original 4943: 4940:"Papal Mass" 4934: 4922:. Retrieved 4912: 4901: 4889:. Retrieved 4880: 4871: 4858: 4787:. Retrieved 4760:12 September 4758:. Retrieved 4754:the original 4749: 4740: 4720: 4704: 4695: 4682:. Retrieved 4678: 4653: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4601: 4586:Benedict XVI 4581: 4567: 4341:Virgilio Noè 4269:Mario Mattei 4161:Pietro Barbo 4143:Lucido Conti 4006:Pope Francis 3992: 3965:Michelangelo 3959: 3870: 3867:Saint Joseph 3863:Saint Thomas 3843: 3840:Choir Chapel 3839: 3813: 3787:James Stuart 3729: 3711:Gregory XIII 3706: 3696:Holy Trinity 3687: 3683: 3672: 3642: 3626: 3611:Saint Andrew 3610: 3594: 3579:Saint Helena 3578: 3557:holding her 3543:Saint Andrew 3537:holding the 3531:Andrea Bolgi 3521:holding the 3519:Saint Helena 3496: 3486:Pope Pius VI 3462: 3427: 3421: 3414: 3407: 3400: 3396: 3379:Jubilee year 3365: 3249: 3171:850 kg 3157:280 kg 3143:260 kg 3115:Urbi et Orbi 3110: 3106: 3096: 3083: 3066: 3038: 3034:Tuscan Order 3026: 2998: 2944: 2942: 2916: 2875: 2873: 2868: 2846: 2843:Saint Andrew 2815: 2808: 2805: 2776: 2763: 2756: 2732: 2710: 2653: 2631:, Austria), 2590: 2574: 2542: 2534: 2506: 2495: 2481: 2465: 2458: 2447: 2433: 2430: 2416: 2384: 2359: 2343: 2321:or building 2318: 2283: 2266: 2255: 2251: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2217:Clement VIII 2206: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2173: 2165: 2137: 2122: 2047: 2042:Brunelleschi 2035: 2020: 2008: 1979:Hagia Sophia 1967:Ancient Rome 1956: 1930:. It is the 1925: 1917: 1897:Brunelleschi 1892:Michelangelo 1890: 1831: 1823: 1811: 1802:Fra Giocondo 1795: 1788: 1757: 1749:Architecture 1720: 1691:Clement VIII 1671:Gregory XIII 1655:Marcellus II 1626:Michelangelo 1620: 1592: 1582: 1549: 1493:Callixtus II 1489:Clement VIII 1485: 1476:Vatican City 1473: 1464:Via Cornelia 1457: 1423: 1406: 1388: 1332: 1289: 1248:Vatican City 1245: 1202: 1190:Panorama of 1169: 1164: 1150: 1147:Michelangelo 1143: 1138: 1134: 1115:Innocent XII 1107:Gregory XIII 1095:Benedict XIV 1091:Clement XIII 987:Sacred Heart 983:Saint Thomas 979:Saint Joseph 951: 947: 916: 877: 846: 837: 826:Please help 821:verification 818: 791: 785: 779: 773: 747:and for its 742: 737: 707: 659:Michelangelo 652: 617:Vatican City 588: 576: 574: 513:Vatican City 282:Architect(s) 276:Architecture 209:Latin Church 191:Denomination 184:Vatican City 60: 38: 29:This is the 23: 16066:Catholicism 15875:Seven Hills 15597:Museums and 15403:Conti Tower 15257:Il Facchino 15242:Acqua Paola 14940:S. Prassede 14780:S. Clemente 14710:S. Agostino 14462:sette bassi 14408:Domus Aurea 14294:Curia Julia 14188:Roman Forum 14003:Aqua Tepula 13996:Aqua Marcia 13936:Arcus Novus 13777:Romuli Wall 13565:Swiss Guard 13312:Palazzo Pio 12816:Dicasteries 12794:Commissions 12784:Roman Curia 12663:Warsaw Pact 12379:Swiss Guard 12298:Dicasteries 12276:Commissions 12266:Roman Curia 12186:Swiss Guard 11959:Arbitration 11788:Papal names 11677:along with 11329:dicasteries 11207:Archaeology 10736:Dicasteries 10692:Secretariat 10681:Roman Curia 10544:S. Prassede 10379:S. Clemente 10309:S. Agostino 9902:observatory 9767:Swiss Guard 9742:Dicasteries 9720:Commissions 9710:Roman Curia 9441:Chiaramonti 9381:Scala Regia 9293:Papal tombs 9216:Borgo Nuovo 9189:Papal tombs 9010:(1536–1541) 9002:(1516–1520) 8994:(1509–1524) 8988:(1508–1512) 8982:(1506–1513) 8961:(1501–1504) 8947:(1498–1499) 8921:Major works 8716:(2015 film) 8713:La Sapienza 8637:Other works 8552:(1642–1660) 8534:(1643–1655) 8528:(1637–1651) 8378:(1598–1618) 8334:(1605–1620) 8215:attribution 8213:(c. 1490) ( 8184:(1504–1505) 8163:(1504–1513) 7365:Atlas Slave 7351:Young Slave 7344:Dying Slave 7322:, 1505–1545 7290:Pitti Tondo 6958:Google Maps 6901:30 December 6686:20 February 6653:Hidden Rome 6553:6 September 6494:22 February 6360:(1): 5–25. 6303:(1): 3–32. 6275:Scotti 2007 6233:20 February 6083:22 February 6023:22 December 5453:25 December 5425:Hidden Rome 5191:St. Peter's 5055:22 December 5011:14 February 4954:28 February 4891:22 February 4715:– 2345 BC). 4253:(1817–1820) 4247:(1807–1817) 4241:(1751–1807) 4235:(1712–1751) 4229:(1704–1708) 4223:(1667–1704) 4217:(1633–1667) 4211:(1620–1633) 4202:(1543–1589) 4196:(1530–1543) 4184:(1501–1520) 4172:(1470–1501) 4163:(1445–1464) 4157:(1439–1444) 4151:(1434–1438) 4145:(1429–1434) 4139:(1420–1429) 4127:(1404–1408) 4106:(1342–1350) 4100:(1306–1342) 4094:(1278–1305) 4088:(1276–1277) 4079:(1229–1254) 4064: 1191 4048: 1140 4035: 1131 4031: 1128 3995:archpriests 3930:, 1671–1678 3829:Pope Pius X 3764:Lamb of God 3756:sarcophagus 3741:South aisle 3719:Gregory XIV 3717:(1723) and 3636:North aisle 3355:Cornacchini 3351:Charlemagne 3296:Catholicism 3140:Campanella 3054:River Tiber 3044:, built by 3030:entablature 2986:Palm Sunday 2969:crucifixion 2759:baldacchino 2733:baldacchino 2625:Karlskirche 2615:'s dome at 2492:Cornacchini 2473:The narthex 2367:Palm Sunday 2339:Latin Cross 2335:Greek Cross 2286:Pope Paul V 2213:Gregory XIV 2149:Pope Pius V 1987:Christendom 1946:giant order 1909:Latin Cross 1901:Greek Cross 1768:Greek Cross 1731:Roman Curia 1723:indulgences 1687:Innocent IX 1683:Gregory XIV 1643:Clement VII 1616:Latin cross 1495:(1123) and 1491:(1594) to 1481:Saint Peter 1462:across the 1391:crucifixion 1328:Holy Spirit 1103:Gregory XIV 1099:Gregory XVI 1059:Innocent XI 1039:Benedict XV 1015:Saint Basil 927:Latin cross 904:giant order 710:Saint Peter 703:Christendom 671:Renaissance 615:located in 599:; Italian: 362:Renaissance 267:Consecrated 260:Saint Peter 167: / 16196:Categories 15893:Capitoline 15537:Via Veneto 15447:Appian Way 15347:Tartarughe 14805:S. Eugenio 14745:S. Balbina 14315:Tabularium 13989:Aqua Julia 13954:Aqua Appia 13812:Fontinalis 13728:Settimiana 13548:Roman Rota 13446:Papal farm 13379:Palace of 13271:Hill area 13159:Properties 13045:Palestrina 12917:Concordats 12776:Government 12746:Governance 12233:Theologian 12177:Camerlengo 12149:Popemobile 12009:Consistory 12004:Coronation 11977:Pontifical 11964:Deposition 11952:Activities 11928:Encyclical 11890:Umbraculum 11563:Episcopate 11182:Alphonsian 10924:Institutes 10847:Roman Rota 10404:S. Eugenio 10344:S. 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