3489:
4693:
5411:
2788:
804:
4753:
4521:
909:
3603:
5065:
4207:
5382:
5198:
5133:
4559:
4089:
4868:
3973:
2895:
3167:
4400:
3727:
3951:
3368:
4610:
4588:
3922:
3046:
860:
4991:
3106:
3557:
5282:
4945:
4287:
4125:
6647:. They are mainly ground-dwellers and have short, rounded wings for brief flights. They are well adapted to winter by growing feather "snowshoes" on their feet and roosting beneath the snow. They range in size from the 13-inch (33 cm) white-tailed ptarmigan to the 28-inch (71 cm) sage grouse. Their plumage is dense and soft and is most commonly found in shades of red, brown, and gray to camouflage to the ground. They are polygamous and male courtship behavior includes strutting and dancing and aggressive fighting for possession of females. The typical
4348:
36:
5043:
3419:
4499:
4378:
3650:
4715:
5304:
3397:
4185:
4309:
3521:
5162:
3135:
2873:
5021:
3749:
888:
4775:
271:
2844:
5220:
3225:
832:
5855:
3247:
6491:
4147:
9380:
2742:
9404:
3196:
1014:, toothed birds that dominated the trees and skies. Unlike those enantiornithes, the ancestors of the galliformes were a niche group that were toothless and ground-dwelling. When the asteroid impact killed off all non-avian dinosaurs, and the dominant birds, it destroyed all creatures that lived in trees and on open ground. The enantiornithes were wiped out, but the ancestors of galliformes were small and lived in the ground (unlike water for
6061:
189:
6667:– has five distinct subspecies (Eastern, Rio Grande, Florida , Merriam's, and Gould's). Hybrids also exist where the ranges of these subspecies overlap. All are native only to North America, though transplanted populations exist elsewhere. Their plumage differs slightly by subspecies, but is generally dark to black for males, with buff to cream highlights, and generally drab brown for females. The feathers are quite
9416:
9392:
6272:
1298:
603:
6757:. They are mainly arboreal and make their nests in trees 5 to 15 feet (1.5 to 4.6 m) above the ground. They are large, long-legged birds that can grow up to 26 inches (66 cm) long. They have long tails and are chicken-like in appearance. Their frail-looking yet sturdy nests are made of sticks and leaves. Their clutch size is three or four eggs. The males make a unique, loud,
1046:, dating to about 85 million years ago (Mya). This bird was quite certainly closely related to Galliformes, but whether it was a part of these or belongs elsewhere in the little-known galliform branch of Galloanserae is not clear. However, in 2004, Clarke classified it as a member of the larger group
7533:
Crowe, Timothy M.; Bowie, Rauri C.K.; Bloomer, Paulette; Mandiwana, Tshifhiwa G.; Hedderson, Terry A.J.; Randi, Ettore; Pereira, Sergio L. & Wakeling, Julia (2006b): Phylogenetics, biogeography and classification of, and character evolution in, gamebirds (Aves: Galliformes): effects of character
6254:
Gallinaceous birds are well adapted to regions with cold winters. Their larger size, increased plumage, and lower activity levels help them to withstand the cold and conserve energy. Under such conditions, they are able to change their feeding strategy to that of a ruminant. This allows them to feed
6237:
Most species that show only limited sexual dimorphism are notable for the great amount of locomotion required to find food throughout the majority of the year. Those species that are highly sedentary but with marked ecological transformations over seasons exhibit marked distinct differences between
5874:
As their name suggests they are chicken-like in appearance, with rounded bodies and blunt wings, and range in size from small at 15 cm (6 inches) to large at 120 cm (4 feet). They are mainly terrestrial birds and their wings are short and rounded for short-distance flight. Galliforms
6684:
peninsula. After the 19th and early 20th centuries, wild turkey populations dropped significantly because of hunting and habitat loss. However, populations now flourish again due to hunting management and transplanting. The ocellated turkey, not commonly hunted, is currently threatened due to
6671:
and can take on distinct reddish/copper hues in sunlight. Their feathers are well defined with broad, square ends, giving the bird the appearance of being covered in scales. Males have a "beard" of coarse black bristles hanging from the center of their upper breasts and tend to have more vibrantly
5886:
Gallinaceous birds are arboreal or terrestrial animals; many prefer not to fly, but instead walk and run for locomotion. They live 5–8 years in the wild and up to 30 years in captivity. They can be found worldwide and in a variety of habitats, including forests, deserts, and grasslands. They use
6662:
Turkeys are large, long-legged birds that can grow up to 4 feet (1.2 m) in height and weigh up to 30 pounds (14 kg) in the wild. They have a long, broad, rounded tail with 14–19 blunt feathers. They have a naked, wrinkled head and feathered body. The North
American wild turkey –
546:
Many gallinaceous species are skilled runners and escape predators by running rather than flying. Males of most species are more colorful than the females, with often elaborate courtship behaviors that include strutting, fluffing of tail or head feathers, and vocal sounds. They are mainly
1233:
boundary, roughly 25–20 Mya. It is not well known whether the living genera of the other, older, galliform families originated around the same time or earlier, though at least in the New World quail, pre-Neogene forms seem to belong to genera that became entirely extinct later on.
5975:
forms are unknown among the extant members of the order. Though they are often mischaracterised as weak-flying, Galliformes are actually highly specialised for their particular flight style, bearing extremely powerful flight muscles, and some species are even migratory. Adult
6431:, in sand, or shallow pools or along stream banks. These genera are also outwardly similar in that they each have exceptionally long, delicate legs and toes and the tendency to frequent seasonally wet habitats to forage, especially during chick-rearing. The
7406:
Worthy, T., Mitri, M., Handley, W., Lee, M., Anderson, A., Sand, C. 2016. Osteology supports a steam-galliform affinity for the giant extinct flightless birds
Sylviornis neocaledoniae (Sylviornithidae, Galloanseres). PLOS ONE. doi:
6730:
inches (14 cm) quail to pheasants up to almost 30 inches (76 cm). Pheasants and quail have heavy, round bodies and rounded wings. Though they have short legs, they are very fast runners when escaping predators.
7388:
Madge, Steve; McGowan, J. K.; Kirwan, Guy M. (2002). Pheasants, Partridges and Grouse: A Guide to the
Pheasants, Partridges, Quail, Grouse, Guineafowl, Buttonquail and Sandgrouse of the World. A.C. Black. pp. 174–180.
7642:
Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Ligon, J. David; Randi, Ettore & Lucchini, Vittorio (2006): Using molecular phylogenetics to interpret evolutionary changes in morphology and behavior in the
Phasianidae.
7417:
Mourer-Chauviré, C.; Pickford, M. (2015). "Stemp group galliform and stemp group psittaciform birds (Aves, Galliformes, Paraortygidae, and
Psittaciformes, family incertae sedis) from the Middle Eocene of Namibia".
6290:
galliforms, forming the majority of the group, are typically stoutly built and have short, thick bills primarily adapted for foraging on the ground for rootlets or the consumption of other plant material such as
7742:
Zelenitsky, Darla K.; Hills, L.V. & Currie, Philip J. (1996): Parataxonomic classification of ornithoid eggshell fragments from the Oldman
Formation (Judith River Group; Upper Cretaceous), Southern Alberta.
5958:
Adult males of many galliform birds have one to several sharp horny spurs on the back of each leg, which they use for fighting. In several lineages, pronounced sexual dimorphism occurs, and among each galliform
1269:
For a long time, the pheasants, partridges, and relatives were indiscriminately lumped in the
Phasianidae, variously including or excluding turkeys, grouse, New World quail, and guineafowl, and divided into two
480:, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are often reared by humans for their meat and eggs, or hunted as game birds.
7582:
Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Zwartjes, P.W.; Crowe, Timothy M. & Ligon, J. David (1999): A molecular phylogeny of the pheasants and partridges suggests that these lineages are not monophyletic.
6467:) are notable for their aptitude to forage for crustaceans such as crayfish and other aquatic small animals in shallow streams and amongst rushes in much the same manner as some members of the rail family (
5901:
Gallinaceous birds feed on a variety of plant and animal material, which may include fruits, seeds, leaves, shoots, flowers, tubers, roots, insects, snails, worms, lizards, snakes, small rodents, and eggs.
7512:
Crowe, Timothy M.; Bloomer, Paulette; Randi, Ettore; Lucchini, Vittorio; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L. & Groth, Jeffrey G. (2006a): Supra-generic cladistics of landfowl (Order
Galliformes).
5898:. Male courtship behavior includes elaborate visual displays of plumage. They breed seasonally in accordance with the climate and lay three to 16 eggs per year in nests built on the ground or in trees.
7167:"Skull morphology of the enigmatic Genyornis newtoni Stirling and Zeitz, 1896 (Aves, Dromornithidae), with implications for functional morphology, ecology, and evolution in the context of Galloanserae"
2621:, traits it shares with the other advanced phasianids. However, among these its relationships are obscure; it is unclear whether it is closer to the turkeys or to certain short-tailed pheasants like
6620:
ash, or hot sand. The young must dig out of the nest mounds after hatching, but they emerge from the eggs fully feathered, and upon leaving the mound, they are able to fly considerable distances.
6038:
as traditionally expected, achieved flightlessness more traditionally, strongly reducing their wings and keel. They were massive herbivorous birds, among the largest avian dinosaurs of all time.
6761:
that give them their name. Chachalacas feed mainly on berries, but also eat insects. They are a popular game bird, as their flesh is good to eat. They are also commonly domesticated as pets.
7657:
Mandiwana-Neudani, T.G.; Little, R.M.; Crowe, T.M.; Bowie, R.C.K. (2019). "Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of
African spurfowl Galliformes, Phasianidae, Phasianinae, Coturnicini:
6643:
Grouse, ptarmigans, and prairie chickens are all chicken-like birds with short, curved, strong bills, part of the family
Tetraonidae. This group includes 25 species residing mostly in
7558:
Dyke, Gareth J; Gulas, Bonnie E. & Crowe, Timothy M. (2003): Suprageneric relationships of galliform birds (Aves, Galliformes): a cladistic analysis of morphological characters.
2289:
2594:(in the latter). Thus, the bulk of the Phasianidae was alternatively treated as a single subfamily Phasianinae. The grouse, turkeys, true pheasants, etc., would then become
2300:
6553:, especially during the snowy and rainy periods when foraging on the ground is dangerous and less than fruitful for a variety of reasons. Although members of the genus
688:
and has been the one major change of that proposed scheme that was almost universally adopted. However, the Galliformes as they were traditionally delimited are called
2241:
6778:
7614:
Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Ligon, J. David; Lucchini, Vittorio & Randi, Ettore (2001): A molecular phylogeny of the peacock-pheasants (Galliformes:
6202:
Some Galliformes are adapted to grassland habitat, and these genera are remarkable for their long, thin necks, long legs, and large, wide wings. Fairly unrelated
1417:
1071:
1043:
6557:
are capable of subsisting almost entirely on vegetarian materials for months at a time, this is not true for many of the subtropical genera. For example, the
7463:
7759:
Eaton, Stephen W. 1992. The Birds of North America: Wild Turkey No. 22. The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington DC: The American Ornithologists’ Union.
1778:
1676:
1385:
3488:
1634:
1328:
2344:
1972:
1727:
1102:
7046:
8292:
2322:
1991:
1462:
6141:
regions must reach their watering and/or foraging areas through sustained flight. Species known to make extensive flights include the ptarmigans,
12695:
5478:
1547:
1106:
980:
Phylogeny of the Galliformes based a study by De Chen and collaborators published in 2021. The number of species are from the list maintained by
7771:
Peterson, M.J. 2000. The Birds of North America: Plain Chachalaca (Ortalis vetula), No. 550. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
6027:
seems to have become flightless simply due to its bulk, with the wing reduction following a consequence, not the reason for its flightlessness.
12852:
2333:
1801:
1428:
1237:
A number of Paleogene to mid-Neogene fossils are quite certainly Galliformes, but their exact relationships in the order cannot be determined:
6565:) and crested argus may do most of their foraging during rainy months in the canopy of the jungle, as well. There they are known to forage on
12734:
7605:
6043:
2388:
1899:
1790:
1666:
1623:
1590:
1568:
1175:
6427:) have narrow, relatively delicate bills, poorly suited for digging. These galliform genera prefer instead to capture live invertebrates in
1082:
of a neornithine bird, which in its general shape and particularly the wide and deep attachment for the muscle joining the coracoid and the
7637:
7553:
5564:
2366:
2278:
1881:
1374:
1340:
1150:
1132:
1123:
4692:
12847:
1579:
1473:
1406:
7751:
7524:
3314:
2252:
2073:
1966:
1557:
7651:
7455:
Agnolin, Federico L.; Novas, Fernando E. & Lio, Gabriel (2006): Neornithine bird coracoid from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia.
5927:
The galliform bird species with the largest wingspan and largest overall length (including a train of over 6 feet) is most likely the
1309:
1117:, some additional birds may or may not be early Galliformes, though even if they are, they are unlikely to belong to extant families:
637:, where pheasant-sized competitors were absent. The ancestors of grouse, though, adapted to harsh climates and could thereby colonize
7620:
7560:
6479:) have a diet primarily of vegetation, they will eat insects, mice, lizards, and amphibians, wading in water to hunt for the latter.
3147:
2084:
2062:
1908:
1450:
6543:—which are often avoided by other herbivores. Many species of moderate altitudes—for example the long-tailed pheasants of the genus
12669:
2602:. found the family to comprise three distinct subfamilies, with two containing multiple genera; these results were followed by the
6779:"A new taxon of stem group Galliformes and the earliest record for stem group Cuculidae from the Eocene of Djebel Chambi, Tunisia"
12708:
8287:
7097:
6806:
Kuhl., H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020).
6608:
and roam with their mothers – or both parents in monogamous species – mere hours after hatching. The most extreme case are the
6589:
regularly exceeding 10 eggs in many species. In contrast to most birds which are – at least for a particular breeding season –
989:
9454:
7585:
2603:
12713:
6672:
colored plumage than do females. They breed in the spring and their typical clutch size is between 10 and 12 eggs. The
1282:(partridge-like forms). This crude arrangement was long considered to be in serious need of revision, but even with modern
6789:
6716:, 94 species of partridges, and 48 species of pheasants. This family includes a wide range of bird sizes from a
2598:
of this subfamily, similar to how the Coturnicinae are commonly split into a quail and a spurfowl tribe. In 2021, Kimball
1187:
onwards – about 45 Mya or so, true galliforms are known, and these completely replace their older relatives in the early
5410:
7394:
6912:
6629:
6108:
79:
57:
6090:
1218:
eggs, but in the absence of bone material, their relationships cannot be determined except that they are apparently
50:
12809:
12638:
7762:
Forbush, Edward H. 1929. Birds of Massachusetts and Other New England States, Norwood Massachusetts: Norwood press.
12739:
12651:
7831:
7497:
11369:
9694:
6086:
2787:
803:
6263:
needles. This provides a virtually unlimited source of accessible food and requires little energy to harvest.
12721:
11389:
10252:
10224:
9684:
7756:
Bent, Arthur C. 1963. Life Histories of North American Gallinaceous Birds, New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
7093:
6930:"Divergence time estimation of Galliformes based on the best gene shopping scheme of ultraconserved elements"
6577:
to the exclusion of plant material. How they forage in the forest canopy during the rainy months is unknown.
6047:
appears to have been more aerial than modern fowl, with a flight style more suited for gliding and soaring.
2586:
The relationships of many pheasants and partridges were formerly very badly resolved and much confounded by
11240:
6082:
4752:
7237:
6598:
5913:) (5 in) long and weighing 28–40 g (1–1.4 oz) to the largest extant galliform species, the
5891:
12581:
12568:
10899:
9420:
8277:
7792:
6246:) are examples of limited sexual differences and requirements for traveling over wide terrain to forage.
5980:
are, however, flightless, requiring gravity to launch, although juveniles can still fly relatively well.
4520:
908:
5887:
visual displays and vocalizations for communication, courtship, fighting, territoriality, and brooding.
270:
11049:
10462:
8059:
7013:
6979:
6928:
Chen, D.; Hosner, P.A.; Dittmann, D.L.; O’Neill, J.P.; Birks, S.M.; Braun, E.L.; Kimball, R.T. (2021).
6448:
3602:
981:
12801:
12586:
7470:
6199:) — are all notable for their daily excursions on foot which may take them many miles in a given day.
12814:
12749:
12377:
12082:
11468:
11399:
10949:
10919:
10909:
10787:
10059:
9447:
7974:
7964:
7302:
7166:
6150:
12417:
11693:
11478:
11429:
11419:
11379:
11289:
11120:
10692:
8300:
8282:
6071:
5381:
5064:
4206:
2435:
685:
44:
17:
7800:
7768:
Pearson, T. Gilbert, et al. 1936. Birds of America, New York: Garden City Publishing Company, Inc.
7602:
5197:
712:
methodology employed in the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy. Phenetic studies do not distinguish between
12387:
12307:
12267:
12247:
11703:
11488:
11409:
11059:
10999:
10979:
10777:
10682:
10407:
10236:
10047:
8305:
6075:
5939:
are plump-bodied with thick necks and moderately long legs, with rounded and rather short wings.
5924:), which may weigh as much as 14 kg (30.5 lb) and may exceed 120 cm (47 in).
4558:
4088:
633:-like birds. The turkeys became larger after their ancestors colonized temperate and subtropical
340:
12775:
7979:
4867:
3972:
2894:
12788:
12508:
12457:
12447:
12437:
12277:
12237:
11788:
11778:
11250:
11009:
10577:
10264:
10012:
9659:
9396:
8272:
8084:
8034:
6523:), and several species of grouse and ptarmigan are exceptional in their largely vegetarian and
5132:
4399:
61:
6904:
6365:) are similar ecologically to the Himalayan monal in that they too forage in rotting wood for
4609:
4587:
3950:
3921:
3367:
859:
12783:
12770:
12546:
12427:
12407:
12337:
12327:
12112:
11768:
11748:
11728:
11568:
11523:
11359:
11130:
10810:
10724:
10303:
8109:
7777:
et al. 1966. A Guide to Field Identification: Birds of North America, New York: Golden Press.
6696:
The family is divided into four groups: 30 species of new world quail, residing between
6130:
4990:
1010:, that killed off the rest of the dinosaurs. The dominant birds of the dinosaur era were the
684:(ratites and tinamous) in modern bird classification systems. This was first proposed in the
12762:
12700:
7521:
6896:
3556:
708:". This is not a natural group, however, but rather an erroneous result of the now-obsolete
12842:
12837:
12607:
12555:
12287:
12132:
11982:
11738:
10989:
10929:
10632:
10612:
10587:
10567:
10397:
10037:
9893:
9440:
8737:
7670:
7536:
7249:
6495:
6408:
6231:
6215:
6166:
5281:
4944:
4286:
4124:
3166:
2591:
1195:– the youngest family of galliforms, the other families of Galliformes must be at least of
1191:. Since the earliest representatives of living galliform families apparently belong to the
1059:
221:
6808:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
6527:
foraging habitats; grouse are especially notable for being able to feed on plants rich in
4347:
3045:
8:
12467:
12347:
11937:
11029:
10652:
10557:
10437:
10214:
10179:
9629:
9619:
8267:
8159:
8099:
8044:
7824:
6594:
6590:
6276:
6238:
the sexes in size and/or appearance. Eared-pheasants, guineafowl, toothed quail, and the
5042:
4498:
4377:
3649:
3418:
2453:
1264:
253:
7674:
7253:
6487:) share this opportunistic behaviour and will eat insects, mice, worms, and amphibians.
5303:
4714:
4184:
3396:
3105:
2613:
is not closely related to other partridge-like Galliformes, as already indicated by its
755:. The relationships of the hoatzin are entirely obscure, and it is usually treated as a
12187:
12177:
11847:
11827:
11758:
11334:
11039:
10642:
9840:
9729:
9050:
8114:
8074:
8039:
7735:
7699:
7686:
7501:
7435:
7281:
7142:
7047:
Quaillike creatures were the only birds to survive the dinosaur-killing asteroid impact
6956:
6929:
6834:
6807:
6460:
6358:
4308:
3726:
3520:
2614:
2587:
1602:
1439:
1110:
1030:
399:
265:
6605:
12757:
12594:
12297:
12257:
12157:
12122:
12072:
11892:
11658:
11648:
11593:
11019:
10939:
10889:
10833:
10672:
10372:
10362:
9403:
9176:
9123:
9073:
8216:
8206:
8149:
7949:
7944:
7884:
7690:
7573:
7549:
7390:
7285:
7273:
7265:
7188:
6961:
6908:
6897:
6839:
6648:
6350:
5863:
1087:
721:
673:
12661:
12560:
7505:
7439:
7238:"A phylogenomic supermatrix of Galliformes (Landfowl) reveals biased branch lengths"
6987:
751:
adapted to an inland lifestyle, whereas the mesites are probably closely related to
12573:
12102:
11857:
11837:
11543:
11324:
10969:
10959:
10662:
10622:
10094:
9980:
9827:
9778:
9639:
9042:
8184:
7856:
7774:
7731:
7678:
7629:
7594:
7569:
7545:
7493:
7427:
7257:
7178:
7017:
6983:
6951:
6941:
6829:
6819:
6673:
6613:
6400:
6207:
6158:
5161:
3134:
3040:
2872:
1853:
1207:
985:
618:
492:
419:
7682:
7577:
7183:
5020:
3748:
887:
12599:
12317:
12212:
12167:
12017:
11683:
11638:
11613:
11533:
11270:
10856:
10714:
10497:
10472:
10427:
10417:
10313:
10189:
9920:
9719:
9274:
9102:
8572:
8094:
8079:
8017:
7916:
7844:
7804:
7609:
7528:
6550:
6516:
6314:
6255:
on and extract energy and nutrients from coarse, fibrous plant material, such as
6178:
6174:
5972:
5859:
4806:
2595:
2550:
1509:
1159:
1141:
1035:
1025:
748:
701:
477:
461:
229:
213:
178:
12726:
7618:
spp.) indicates loss and reduction of ornamental traits and display behaviours.
7261:
7021:
5963:, the more apomorphic ("advanced") lineages tend to be more sexually dimorphic.
4774:
12646:
12633:
12397:
12367:
12092:
12037:
11902:
11867:
11603:
11513:
11504:
11449:
11205:
10879:
10704:
10532:
10507:
10352:
10129:
10002:
9649:
9580:
9541:
9384:
9314:
9266:
9200:
9139:
9094:
9081:
8955:
8918:
8769:
8543:
8380:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8104:
8089:
7984:
7959:
7954:
7936:
7817:
6946:
6334:
6239:
6126:
6121:
Most of the galliform birds are more or less resident, but some of the smaller
5984:
5895:
5276:
4515:
4472:
3501:
3469:
2560:
2113:
2054:
1484:
1250:
1078:) has also been suggested to be an early galliform relative. This is a partial
1047:
1011:
882:
625:
probably do not warrant separation as families due to their recent origin from
516:
378:
325:
245:
205:
197:
7722:
aggrecan gene-based phylogenetic analysis of selected avian taxonomic groups.
7431:
2843:
12831:
12357:
12047:
11973:
11231:
11215:
11180:
10154:
9883:
9808:
9739:
9322:
9306:
9229:
9221:
9055:
8853:
8703:
8590:
8548:
8348:
8340:
8262:
8226:
8144:
8068:
7896:
7269:
7192:
7105:
6824:
6644:
6586:
6342:
6004:
5928:
5914:
5219:
4201:
4141:
4042:
3224:
2838:
2399:
2093:
1980:
1734:
1532:
831:
650:
634:
469:
139:
7765:
Harrison, Kit and George. 1990. The Birds of Winter, New York: Random House.
7379:
Gary W. Kaiser, The Inner Bird: Anatomy and Evolution Paperback – 1 Feb 2008
6680:), a different species of turkey, currently exists only in a portion of the
12531:
12027:
11818:
11674:
11350:
11314:
10848:
10548:
10453:
10284:
10170:
10119:
10084:
9955:
9945:
9798:
9675:
9600:
9408:
9152:
8997:
8813:
8651:
8599:
8471:
8432:
8201:
8189:
8179:
8169:
7866:
7633:
7598:
7277:
6965:
6843:
6786:
Proceed. 8th Inter Nat. Meeting Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution
6609:
6472:
6432:
6417:
6330:
6195:
6035:
5890:
They have diverse mating strategies: some are monogamous, while others are
5876:
5854:
5492:
5298:
5214:
5037:
4971:
4862:
4769:
4281:
3857:
3597:
3459:
3246:
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2509:
2492:
2472:
2377:
2210:
1646:
1283:
1196:
1039:
1015:
1003:
798:
725:
697:
681:
669:
661:
587:
548:
528:
373:
358:
7165:
McInerney, Phoebe L.; Blokland, Jacob C.; Worthy, Trevor H. (2024-06-02).
6490:
6309:
pheasant genera have very different nutritional requirements from typical
4146:
1050:, more closely related to chickens than to ducks, but not a member of the
12682:
12540:
11927:
11808:
11719:
11629:
11459:
11305:
11280:
11196:
11155:
10871:
10205:
9936:
9911:
9817:
9710:
9509:
9463:
9213:
9060:
8866:
8845:
8834:
8799:
8666:
8656:
8505:
8372:
8174:
7999:
7994:
7926:
7911:
7879:
6758:
6742:
6668:
6558:
6428:
6423:
6306:
6283:
6142:
6012:
5997:
5917:
5602:
5533:
5516:
5059:
4925:
4845:
4821:
4604:
4553:
4493:
4179:
4062:
3916:
3825:
3580:
3515:
3483:
3219:
2975:
2961:
2629:
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2443:
2410:
2311:
2263:
2225:
2199:
2122:
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1939:
1821:
1811:
1363:
1351:
1275:
1192:
1051:
903:
732:
713:
646:
642:
607:
536:
496:
388:
237:
114:
7793:
Gamebird Journal – An Online Magazine Devoted To The Gamebird Enthusiast
6601:. Such species can be recognized by their pronounced sexual dimorphism.
2741:
12228:
12007:
11957:
11947:
11883:
11584:
11559:
11146:
11111:
10802:
10769:
10757:
10388:
10333:
10294:
9990:
9874:
9860:
9759:
9561:
9330:
9192:
9131:
9110:
8942:
8926:
8861:
8806:
8778:
8710:
8675:
8553:
8401:
8236:
8211:
7969:
6754:
6549:—also find a great deal of their daily nutritional requirements in the
6545:
6385:
6326:
6310:
6302:
6287:
6223:
6190:
5992:
5906:
5626:
5362:
5156:
5112:
4709:
4687:
4582:
4342:
4083:
3967:
3892:
3875:
3842:
3743:
3673:
3129:
2999:
2889:
2782:
2650:
2516:
2482:
2462:
2431:
2355:
2177:
2144:
1891:
1832:
1756:
1715:
1520:
1394:
1302:
1279:
1215:
1200:
752:
677:
559:
532:
159:
124:
7809:
7788:
The World Pheasant Association – The ultimate authority on Galliformes
7236:
Kimball, Rebecca T.; Hosner, Peter A.; Braun, Edward L. (2021-05-01).
6681:
3195:
747:) were placed in the Galliformes, too. The former are now known to be
12620:
12148:
12063:
11088:
10488:
10246:
10110:
9571:
9290:
9245:
9034:
8827:
8744:
8728:
8717:
8627:
8563:
8522:
8221:
8022:
8009:
7989:
7889:
6709:
6617:
6574:
6536:
6503:
6322:
6138:
6122:
6031:
6020:
6007:, was flightless, but as opposed to most other flightless birds like
5952:
5948:
5880:
5458:
5405:
5192:
4939:
4394:
4303:
4028:
3697:
3413:
3391:
3324:
3161:
2712:
2623:
2618:
2530:
2421:
2233:
2155:
2042:
2031:
2003:
1918:
1683:
1612:
1494:
1291:
1287:
1271:
1226:
1098:
1075:
1067:
1007:
854:
756:
665:
654:
638:
626:
622:
520:
500:
488:
383:
282:
164:
108:
12502:
7348:
6060:
1254:(Agate Fossil Beds Early Miocene of Sioux County, USA) – tetraonine?
12687:
12674:
12625:
12525:
12203:
11998:
11918:
11171:
11101:
10825:
9769:
9610:
9481:
9258:
8988:
8963:
8909:
8820:
8792:
8682:
8646:
8638:
8620:
8515:
8500:
8484:
8231:
8194:
8027:
7352:
6697:
6532:
6524:
6511:
6499:
6468:
5977:
5944:
5867:
5376:
4985:
4747:
4666:
4372:
4223:
4119:
3945:
3644:
3551:
3086:
2951:
2765:
2641:
2635:
2536:
2229:
2188:
2133:
1864:
1770:
1704:
1114:
1079:
1063:
826:
717:
709:
693:
630:
611:
524:
504:
363:
302:
154:
149:
134:
129:
119:
10603:
10523:
10075:
9971:
9522:
9168:
9021:
8900:
8785:
8751:
8689:
8510:
8364:
8356:
8049:
7921:
7906:
7656:
7100:
6540:
6528:
6480:
6389:
6381:
6366:
6298:
6292:
6260:
6203:
6134:
6016:
6000:
5667:
5578:
5252:
3721:
3338:
3100:
3023:
2867:
2556:– peacock-pheasants, Asian spurfowl, and crimson-headed partridge
2449:
2166:
2010:
1873:
1843:
1745:
1230:
1211:
1188:
1094:
1083:
740:
563:
508:
484:
473:
188:
169:
144:
10343:
10145:
10028:
9864:
9475:
9298:
9237:
9013:
9005:
8934:
8874:
8758:
8696:
8579:
8246:
8241:
8119:
6750:
6705:
6701:
6447:– which it dispatches with its strong feet and sharp bill. The
6374:
6186:
6008:
5940:
5936:
5883:, but some of the adult males grow spurs that point backwards.
5650:
5434:
5127:
3362:
2736:
2610:
2499:
2020:
1693:
1654:
1206:
is based on fossil eggshell fragments from the Late Cretaceous
1184:
1021:
736:
540:
512:
292:
101:
9432:
7787:
6271:
449:
12796:
12612:
9532:
9184:
8971:
8534:
6805:
6746:
6570:
6444:
6440:
6377:
5960:
5015:
3190:
1929:
1297:
602:
1199:
origin but might even be as old as the Late Cretaceous. The
1093:
Additional galliform-like pangalliformes are represented by
617:
The living Galliformes were once divided into seven or more
443:
9487:
9160:
8527:
8490:
8460:
7874:
7840:
7498:
10.1206/0003-0090(2004)286<0001:mptaso>2.0.co;2
6713:
6566:
3241:
1950:
1319:
1219:
1163:(Bridger middle Eocene of Forbidden City, USA) – phasianid?
1055:
551:
during their long and extensive relationships with humans.
465:
312:
5971:
While most galliformes are rather reluctant flyers, truly
1241:†Galliformes gen. et sp. indet. (Oligocene) – formerly in
9282:
8139:
7901:
6927:
6370:
6256:
434:
428:
425:
7117:
7115:
6333:, even bracing itself with aid of its squared tail. The
1054:
that includes all modern galliformes. Another specimen,
829:– chachalacas, curassows, guans (11 genera, 57 species)
539:). They adapt to most environments except for innermost
7797:
7471:"Morphology, Phylogenetic Taxonomy, and Systematics of
7416:
7164:
4444:(Old World quail & partridges)
1225:
Modern genera of phasianids start appearing around the
1018:) which protected them from the blast and destruction.
645:
are expanded in current taxonomy to include the former
6230:) are outwardly similar in their body types (see also
5955:
are typical in their outwardly corpulent silhouettes.
7112:
1294:
of the Phasianidae has resisted complete resolution.
762:
The fossil record for the Galliformes is incomplete.
452:
440:
422:
9837:
7718:
Smith, Edward J.; Shi, Li & Tu, Zhijian (2005):
7012:
6978:
6745:
are found in the chaparral ecosystems from southern
6149:), crested partridge, green peafowl, crested argus,
2566:– junglefowl, bamboo partridges, and true francolins
1358:(Austin Chalk Late Cretaceous of Fort McKinney, USA)
431:
8431:
6321:) has been observed digging in the rotting wood of
6177:(also known as the ‘toothed quail’), the enigmatic
2661:Living Galliformes based on the work by John Boyd.
621:. Despite their distinctive appearance, grouse and
446:
437:
7486:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
7235:
1179:(Santa Cruz Middle Miocene of Karaihen, Argentina)
1006:-like birds were one of the main survivors of the
906:– pheasants & allies (54 genera, 188 species)
692:in the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, which splits the
12829:
6295:shoots. The young birds will also take insects.
5866:is conspicuous in this species, one of the most
7534:exclusion, data partitioning and missing data.
6988:"Megapodes, guans, guineafowl, New World quail"
6776:
1318:A tentative list of the higher-level galliform
1024:of these galliform-like birds originate in the
6137:species, and a few species of subtropical and
1145:(Willwood Early Eocene of Bighorn County, USA)
9448:
7825:
7704:– a stem group representative of Galliformes"
6443:for its appetite for snakes – even poisonous
6034:, which may be closer to Galliformes than to
5905:These birds vary in size from the diminutive
1649:– mound-builders and scrubfowl, or megapodes
1136:(Early Eocene of England, and Virginia, USA?)
8339:
7006:
6972:
1307:
597:
6799:
6612:, where the adults do not brood, but leave
6089:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
6019:of their flight apparatus and subsequently
1808:(Brule Late Oligocene of South Dakota, USA)
668:) and the Galliformes together make up the
527:(including chachalacas and curassows), and
9455:
9441:
7832:
7818:
7697:
2617:coloration and possession of more than 14
1573:Mourer-Chauviré, Pickford & Senut 2015
885:– New World quail (10 genera, 34 species)
801:– megapodes (7 genera, 21 extant species)
187:
27:Order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds
10292:
9507:
7798:Galliformes – Conservation and aviculture
7182:
7143:"Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List"
6955:
6945:
6833:
6823:
6109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2478:– monals, monal-partridges, and tragopans
1170:(middle Oligocene of Tatal-Gol, Mongolia)
759:order Opisthocomiformes to signify this.
491:except Antarctica, and divided into five
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
10755:
9806:
9569:
6704:, 11 species of Old World quail in
6585:Most galliforms are very prolific, with
6489:
6270:
6050:
5853:
4645:(junglefowl & francolins)
2576:- Old World quail, snowcocks, and allies
1296:
601:
547:nonmigratory. Several species have been
43:This article includes a list of general
11086:
9767:
7839:
6894:
1322:, listed in evolutionary sequence, is:
14:
12830:
7468:
2649:. found it to belong to the subfamily
1389:(Barstow Late Miocene of Barstow, USA)
12853:Taxa named by Coenraad Jacob Temminck
12507:
12506:
11085:
10754:
9506:
9436:
8324:
7813:
7297:
7295:
7242:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7160:
7158:
7137:
7135:
7028:. International Ornithologists' Union
6994:. International Ornithologists' Union
6777:Mourer-Chauviré; et al. (2013).
6685:ongoing habitat loss in the Yucutan.
2604:International Ornithological Congress
2382:Burchak-Abramovich & Meladze 1972
1258:
1154:(London Clay Early Eocene of England)
1127:(London Clay Early Eocene of England)
610:is actually a very close relative of
606:Despite its distinct appearance, the
12802:51CED4EC-C9D2-A670-E87E-8BFA38A5EF10
12750:1eab45d3-1c08-41cd-ad14-b1ce3c89621e
12652:a4d00d07-d7c7-4c19-b41d-ade07b125ce7
9530:
9391:
7350:
7341:
7218:See e.g. the phylogenies in Kimball
6087:adding citations to reliable sources
6054:
1411:Mourer-Chauviré, Pickford & 2011
1310:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
29:
9415:
7698:Mayr, Gerald; Weidig, Ilka (2004).
7022:"Pheasants, partridges, francolins"
6266:
5091:(tragopans & monals)
1773:– chachalacas, guans and curassows
1761:Gaimard 1823 non (sic) Mathews 1913
1514:Mourer-Chauviré & Balouet, 2005
990:International Ornithologists' Union
988:and David Donsker on behalf of the
857:– guineafowl (4 genera, 8 species)
24:
12848:Extant Paleocene first appearances
7745:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
7736:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01356.x
7449:
7292:
7155:
7132:
6860:(1999), Dyke et al. (2003), Smith
6689:Pheasants, quail, and partridges -
6133:is evidently quite common amongst
5985:outside the Galliforme crown-group
1457:(middle Eocene? – Early Oligocene)
1444:Zelenitsky, Hills & Curri 1996
586:. Galliforms and waterfowl (order
483:The order contains about 290
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
12864:
8293:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
7781:
6630:List of Galliformes by population
6623:
6616:to mounds of rotting vegetation,
6249:
5966:
5757:(turkeys & grouse)
1584:Gaillard 1908 sensu Brodkorb 1964
1499:Hébert, 1855 (vide Prévost, 1855)
177:Possible earlier origin based on
9414:
9402:
9390:
9379:
9378:
9269:(New World vultures and condors)
7574:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00048.x
7550:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00120.x
7026:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
6992:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
6502:leaves, which are toxic to most
6059:
6041:By contrast, the stem-galliform
5409:
5380:
5302:
5280:
5218:
5196:
5160:
5131:
5063:
5041:
5019:
4989:
4943:
4866:
4801:(peafowl and arguses)
4773:
4751:
4713:
4691:
4608:
4586:
4557:
4519:
4497:
4398:
4376:
4346:
4307:
4285:
4205:
4183:
4145:
4123:
4087:
3971:
3949:
3920:
3747:
3725:
3648:
3601:
3555:
3519:
3487:
3417:
3395:
3366:
3245:
3223:
3194:
3165:
3133:
3104:
3044:
2893:
2871:
2842:
2786:
2740:
2653:, alongside the true pheasants.
1828:(black & sickle-winged guan)
907:
886:
858:
830:
802:
418:
269:
112:
34:
12495:185 living species in 32 genera
9462:
7410:
7400:
7382:
7373:
7320:
7229:
7212:
7199:
7086:
7073:
7060:
7051:
6812:Molecular Biology and Evolution
6580:
6494:During mating season, the male
6173:). Other species — most of the
6015:which become flightless due to
2522:– true pheasants and partridges
1214:, Canada, which are similar to
680:birds, and normally follow the
464:of heavy-bodied ground-feeding
11370:Bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant
8325:
7040:
6921:
6895:Jackson, Christine E. (2006).
6888:
6871:
6850:
6770:
6651:is between seven and 12 eggs.
5849:
1595:Zelenkov & Panteleyev 2019
1278:(pheasant-like forms) and the
1058:237, from the Late Cretaceous
13:
1:
10225:Columbian sharp-tailed grouse
7708:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
7683:10.2989/00306525.2019.1584925
7184:10.1080/08912963.2024.2308212
6764:
6459:), Bulwer's pheasant and the
6129:over considerable distances.
2097:Bowie, Coehn & Crowe 2013
1204:Tristraguloolithus cracioides
11241:Chestnut-necklaced partridge
7407:10.1371/journal.pone.0150871
5987:did produce flightlessness.
3820:(New World quail)
2656:
2426:Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2009
2316:Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2010
2160:Gould 1846 non Des Murs 1854
1455:Tordoff & Macdonald 1957
998:
7:
10900:Chestnut-breasted partridge
9695:Szechenyi's monal-partridge
9333:(woodpeckers and relatives)
7262:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107091
7020:, eds. (24 December 2023).
6986:, eds. (24 December 2023).
6903:. Reaktion Books. pp.
6421:) and the hill partridges (
6125:species (such as quail) do
2667:Galliformes classification
1368:Mourer-Chauviré et al. 2013
1335:(Oligocene? – Late Miocene)
720:characters, which leads to
641:regions. Consequently, the
499:(including chicken, quail,
10:
12869:
11390:Germain's peacock-pheasant
11050:Chestnut-bellied partridge
10253:Attwater's prairie chicken
9685:Verreaux's monal-partridge
9195:(cormorants and relatives)
8288:Extinct species since 1500
7702:Gallinuloides wyomingensis
7109:: Mayr & Weidig (2004)
6947:10.1186/s12862-021-01935-1
6627:
1975:– tentatively placed here
1422:Kuročkin 1968 nomen dubium
1379:Harrison & Walker 1977
1345:Harrison & Walker 1977
1262:
739:(Mesitornithidae) and the
590:) are collectively called
12515:
12493:
12226:
12201:
12146:
12061:
11996:
11971:
11916:
11881:
11816:
11806:
11717:
11672:
11627:
11582:
11557:
11502:
11469:Mountain bamboo partridge
11457:
11447:
11400:Mountain peacock-pheasant
11348:
11303:
11278:
11268:
11229:
11194:
11169:
11144:
11109:
11099:
11095:
11081:
10950:Chestnut-headed partridge
10920:Rufous-throated partridge
10910:White-necklaced partridge
10870:
10847:
10824:
10801:
10788:Udzungwa forest partridge
10768:
10764:
10750:
10601:
10546:
10521:
10486:
10451:
10386:
10341:
10331:
10282:
10203:
10168:
10143:
10108:
10073:
10060:Black-billed capercaillie
10026:
9969:
9934:
9909:
9872:
9858:
9796:
9757:
9708:
9673:
9608:
9598:
9559:
9520:
9516:
9502:
9470:
9374:
9325:(kingfishers and rollers)
9257:
9212:
9179:(albatrosses and petrels)
9151:
9122:
9093:
9072:
9063:(swifts and hummingbirds)
9045:(nightjars and relatives)
9033:
8996:
8987:
8954:
8917:
8908:
8899:
8895:
8869:(pheasants and relatives)
8844:
8768:
8727:
8665:
8637:
8613:
8589:
8562:
8483:
8470:
8427:
8400:
8396:
8335:
8331:
8320:
8316:
8255:
8158:
8058:
8008:
7935:
7865:
7852:
7432:10.1007/s10336-014-1124-y
6934:BMC Ecology and Evolution
6604:Galliform young are very
6439:) is famed in its native
6415:), the ruffed pheasants (
6275:Flock of adult and young
6151:mountain peacock-pheasant
5983:Nonetheless, a few birds
5664:
5647:
5640:
5623:
5616:
5599:
5592:
5575:
5568:
5530:
5513:
5506:
5489:
5482:
5472:
5455:
5448:
5431:
5424:
5402:
5395:
5373:
5366:
5295:
5273:
5266:
5249:
5242:
5211:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5153:
5146:
5123:
5116:
5106:
5056:
5034:
5011:
5004:
4982:
4975:
4965:
4958:
4936:
4929:
4859:
4842:
4835:
4817:
4810:
4766:
4744:
4737:
4706:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4660:
4601:
4579:
4572:
4550:
4543:
4512:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4466:
4459:
4391:
4368:
4361:
4338:
4331:
4300:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4220:
4198:
4176:
4169:
4138:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4056:
4039:
4032:
4022:
3964:
3942:
3935:
3913:
3906:
3889:
3871:
3853:
3846:
3836:
3829:
3740:
3718:
3711:
3694:
3687:
3670:
3663:
3641:
3634:
3594:
3577:
3570:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3512:
3505:
3480:
3473:
3463:
3410:
3388:
3381:
3359:
3352:
3335:
3328:
3318:
3238:
3216:
3209:
3187:
3180:
3158:
3151:
3126:
3119:
3097:
3090:
3037:
3020:
3013:
2996:
2989:
2972:
2965:
2955:
2945:
2886:
2864:
2857:
2835:
2828:
2779:
2762:
2755:
2733:
2726:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2685:
2678:
1711:(Australian Brushturkeys)
901:
880:
873:
852:
845:
824:
817:
796:
789:
782:
774:
598:Systematics and evolution
405:
398:
353:
348:
266:Scientific classification
264:
196:Clockwise from top left:
195:
186:
96:
11694:White-throated francolin
11479:Chinese bamboo partridge
11430:Bornean peacock-pheasant
11420:Malayan peacock-pheasant
11380:Palawan peacock-pheasant
11290:Crimson-headed partridge
11121:Vietnamese crested argus
9898:C. canadensis franklinii
9224:(seriemas and relatives)
9203:(pelicans and relatives)
7469:Clarke, Julia A (2004).
6030:The gigantic Australian
2542:– peafowl, arguses, and
2512:– long-billed partridges
1946:(razor-billed curassows)
1090:lineages of galliforms.
1086:bone resembles the more
1028:, most notably those of
686:Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
12388:Double-spurred spurfowl
12268:Chestnut-naped spurfowl
12248:Mount Cameroon spurfowl
11489:Taiwan bamboo partridge
11410:Hainan peacock-pheasant
11060:Grey-breasted partridge
11000:Orange-necked partridge
10980:White-cheeked partridge
10778:Rubeho forest partridge
10463:Lady Amherst's pheasant
10237:Greater prairie chicken
10048:Cantabrian capercaillie
9317:(hornbills and hoopoes)
9232:(falcons and relatives)
7700:"The Early Eocene bird
7650:(Supplement): 362–365.
7520:(Supplement): 358–361.
6593:, galliforms are often
6471:). Similarly, although
6465:Lophura erythrophthalma
6453:Chrysolophus amherstiae
6449:Lady Amherst's pheasant
6325:in a similar manner to
6193:, and eared pheasants (
6155:Polyplectron inopinatum
5858:Female (left) and male
1070:, about 90 Mya) in the
64:more precise citations.
12458:Grey-breasted spurfowl
12448:Yellow-necked spurfowl
12378:Hildebrandt's spurfowl
12278:Black-fronted spurfowl
12083:Przevalski's partridge
11779:Orange River francolin
11251:Green-legged partridge
11010:Red-breasted partridge
10578:Tibetan eared pheasant
10265:Lesser prairie chicken
10013:White-tailed ptarmigan
9301:(trogons and quetzals)
9113:(cranes and relatives)
8383:(emus and cassowaries)
8273:Glossary of bird terms
8085:Confuciusornithiformes
7634:10.1006/bijl.2001.0536
7599:10.1006/mpev.1998.0562
7586:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
7479:(Avialae: Ornithurae)"
7420:Journal of Ornithology
7353:"GALLIFORMES- Landfowl
7103:of a bird larger than
6825:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
6506:
6280:
5871:
5357:(true pheasants)
2290:"Gallus" beremendensis
2038:(Vulturine Guineafowl)
1783:Crowe & Short 1992
1315:
1308:
1168:"Palaeorallus" alienus
724:lineages appearing as
614:
531:(incubator birds like
12784:Paleobiology Database
12771:Paleobiology Database
12418:Clapperton's spurfowl
12328:Grey-striped spurfowl
11769:Grey-winged francolin
11729:Ring-necked francolin
11524:Sri Lankan junglefowl
11360:Grey peacock-pheasant
11131:Malayan crested argus
10811:Ferruginous partridge
10693:Hoogerwerf's pheasant
10304:Long-billed partridge
9142:(kagu and sunbittern)
9105:(gulls and relatives)
8110:Songlingornithiformes
8075:Omnivoropterygiformes
7645:Acta Zoologica Sinica
7515:Acta Zoologica Sinica
6635:Grouse and ptarmigans
6493:
6319:Lophophorus impejanus
6274:
6131:Altitudinal migration
6051:Behaviour and ecology
5857:
2027:(Helmeted Guineafowl)
1925:(Nocturnal Curassows)
1300:
605:
12647:Fauna Europaea (new)
12308:Swierstra's spurfowl
12219:) (possibly extinct)
12133:Red-legged partridge
11983:Madagascar partridge
11739:Red-winged francolin
11704:Schlegel's francolin
10990:Bar-backed partridge
10930:Red-billed partridge
10683:Salvadori's pheasant
10588:Brown eared pheasant
10568:White eared pheasant
10408:Mrs. Hume's pheasant
10038:Western capercaillie
8964:Phoenicopteriformes
7775:Robbins, Chandler S.
7347:John Boyd's website
7330:(1999, 2001), Smith
7125:(1999, 2001), Crowe
6658:Family Meleagrididae
6496:western capercaillie
6232:convergent evolution
6220:Acryllium vulturinum
6216:vulturine guineafowl
6183:Ptilopachus petrosus
6083:improve this section
6017:arrested development
2592:convergent evolution
2590:(in the former) and
2242:Alectoris” pliocaena
1752:(Moluccan Megapodes)
1639:Mourer-Chauviré 1992
1606:Mourer-Chauviré 1992
1551:Mourer-Chauviré 1992
1418:Palaeorallus alienus
1072:Sierra de Portezuelo
1060:Portezuelo Formation
1044:Fort McKinney, Texas
566:". Common names are
234:Centrocercus minimus
222:red-legged partridge
12468:Red-necked spurfowl
12438:Swainson's spurfowl
12348:Red-billed spurfowl
12238:Hartlaub's spurfowl
11938:Snow Mountain quail
11789:Shelley's francolin
10653:Vietnamese pheasant
10558:Blue eared pheasant
10215:Sharp-tailed grouse
10180:Greater sage-grouse
9660:Temminck's tragopan
8935:Mesitornithiformes
8929:(doves and pigeons)
8263:Families and orders
8125:Ichthyornithiformes
8100:Patagopterygiformes
7675:2019Ostri..90..145M
7621:Biol. J. Linn. Soc.
7561:Zool. J. Linn. Soc.
7351:Boyd, John (2007).
7254:2021MolPE.15807091K
6795:on 20 October 2023.
6665:Meleagris gallopavo
6477:Meleagris gallopavo
6347:Rheinardia ocellata
6277:helmeted guineafowl
6171:Syrmaticus reevesii
6163:Pucrasia macrolopha
5922:Meleagris gallopavo
2645:. In 2021, Kimball
2129:(Tawny-faced Quail)
1265:List of Galliformes
1034:. Its partial left
745:Opisthocomus hoazin
543:and perpetual ice.
519:(New World quail),
487:, inhabiting every
254:helmeted guineafowl
242:Meleagris gallopavo
218:Chrysolophus pictus
12428:Harwood's spurfowl
12408:Heuglin's spurfowl
12338:Jackson's spurfowl
12188:Manipur bush quail
12178:Painted bush quail
12113:Philby's partridge
11848:Himalayan snowcock
11828:Caucasian snowcock
11759:Moorland francolin
11749:Finsch's francolin
11569:Latham's francolin
11434:P. schleiermacheri
11335:Sri Lanka spurfowl
11040:Sumatran partridge
10725:Swinhoe's pheasant
10647:L. erythrophthalma
10643:Crestless fireback
9841:Californian turkey
9277:(eagles and hawks)
9177:Procellariiformes
9082:Opisthocomiformes
9051:Steatornithiformes
8278:List by population
8115:Hongshanornithidae
8040:Evolution of birds
7803:2019-07-22 at the
7608:2011-04-28 at the
7527:2010-06-23 at the
7171:Historical Biology
7016:; Donsker, David;
6982:; Donsker, David;
6692:Family Phasianidae
6678:Meleagris ocellata
6639:Family Tetraonidae
6507:
6461:crestless fireback
6455:), green peafowl (
6359:crested guineafowl
6281:
5935:). Most galliform
5911:Coturnix chinensis
5872:
2615:sexually dimorphic
2588:adaptive radiation
2488:– koklass pheasant
2360:Milne-Edwards 1869
2327:Sánchez Marco 2009
2301:"Gallus" europaeus
2204:Ogilvie-Grant 1893
2127:Ogilvie-Grant 1893
2057:– New World quail
1750:Ogilvie-Grant 1893
1659:Worthy et al. 2015
1603:Quercymegapodiidae
1478:Milne-Edwards 1869
1440:Tristraguloolithus
1316:
1259:List of major taxa
1111:Quercymegapodiidae
1097:families from the
1031:Austinornis lentus
731:Historically, the
615:
580:gallinaceous birds
12825:
12824:
12758:Open Tree of Life
12509:Taxon identifiers
12500:
12499:
12489:
12488:
12485:
12484:
12481:
12480:
12412:P. icterorhynchus
12332:P. griseostriatus
12298:Djibouti spurfowl
12288:Erckel's spurfowl
12272:P. castaneicollis
12258:Handsome spurfowl
12182:P. erythrorhyncha
12158:Jungle bush quail
12123:Barbary partridge
12073:Arabian partridge
11893:See-see partridge
11802:
11801:
11659:Chinese francolin
11649:Painted francolin
11594:Crested francolin
11443:
11442:
11264:
11263:
11077:
11076:
11073:
11072:
11020:Malayan partridge
10940:Siamese partridge
10890:Sichuan partridge
10834:Crested partridge
10746:
10745:
10742:
10741:
10738:
10737:
10697:L. i. hoogerwerfi
10673:Imperial pheasant
10633:Edward's pheasant
10613:Bulwer's pheasant
10398:Elliot's pheasant
10373:Tibetan partridge
10363:Daurian partridge
10327:
10326:
10278:
10277:
10269:T. pallidicinctus
10229:T. p. columbianus
10052:T. u. cantabricus
9894:Franklin's grouse
9854:
9853:
9792:
9791:
9753:
9752:
9644:T. melanocephalus
9594:
9593:
9555:
9554:
9430:
9429:
9370:
9369:
9366:
9365:
9362:
9361:
9358:
9357:
9354:
9353:
9350:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9163:(loons or divers)
9132:Phaethontiformes
9124:Phaethontimorphae
9074:Opisthocomiformes
9043:Caprimulgiformes
8983:
8982:
8972:Podicipediformes
8891:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8883:
8882:
8609:
8608:
8392:
8391:
8349:Struthioniformes
8217:Waterfowl hunting
8150:Gastornithiformes
8145:Aepyornithiformes
8135:Lithornithiformes
7750:(12): 1655–1667.
7738:
7636:
7601:
7576:
7552:
7222:(2006) and Crowe
7018:Rasmussen, Pamela
6984:Rasmussen, Pamela
6521:Syrmaticus mikado
6485:Gallus domesticus
6409:Bulwer's pheasant
6401:peacock-pheasants
6395:Typical peafowl (
6363:Guttera pucherani
6355:Rollulus roulroul
6351:crested partridge
6167:Reeves's pheasant
6119:
6118:
6111:
5864:Sexual dimorphism
5847:
5846:
5842:
5841:
5833:
5832:
5824:
5823:
5815:
5814:
5806:
5805:
5797:
5796:
5788:
5787:
5779:
5778:
5770:
5769:
5761:
5760:
5751:
5750:
5742:
5741:
5733:
5732:
5724:
5723:
5715:
5714:
5706:
5705:
5697:
5696:
5688:
5687:
5679:
5678:
5554:
5553:
5545:
5544:
5351:
5350:
5342:
5341:
5333:
5332:
5324:
5323:
5315:
5314:
5231:
5230:
5095:
5094:
5085:
5084:
5076:
5075:
4915:
4914:
4906:
4905:
4897:
4896:
4888:
4887:
4879:
4878:
4795:
4794:
4786:
4785:
4726:
4725:
4649:
4648:
4639:
4638:
4630:
4629:
4621:
4620:
4532:
4531:
4448:
4447:
4438:
4437:
4429:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4411:
4410:
4320:
4319:
4253:
4252:
4244:
4243:
4235:
4234:
4158:
4157:
4011:
4010:
4002:
4001:
3993:
3992:
3984:
3983:
3814:
3813:
3805:
3804:
3796:
3795:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3777:
3769:
3768:
3760:
3759:
3623:
3622:
3614:
3613:
3448:
3447:
3439:
3438:
3430:
3429:
3304:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3266:
3258:
3257:
3075:
3074:
3066:
3065:
3057:
3056:
2934:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2915:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2609:The partridge of
2575:
2574:Reichenbach, 1848
2565:
2555:
2541:
2521:
2504:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2457:
2439:
2427:
2416:
2405:
2394:
2383:
2372:
2361:
2350:
2339:
2328:
2317:
2306:
2295:
2284:
2273:
2264:Centuriavis lioae
2258:
2247:
2216:
2205:
2194:
2183:
2172:
2161:
2151:(Wood Partridges)
2150:
2139:
2128:
2118:
2108:
2098:
2090:
2079:
2068:
2048:
2037:
2026:
2016:
1997:
1986:
1956:
1945:
1935:
1924:
1913:
1904:
1897:
1886:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1849:
1838:
1827:
1816:
1807:
1796:
1784:
1779:Archaealectrornis
1762:
1751:
1740:
1721:
1710:
1699:
1689:
1677:Brushturkey group
1672:
1671:& Ivison 1999
1661:(Lini's megapode)
1660:
1640:
1629:
1618:
1607:
1596:
1585:
1574:
1563:
1552:
1538:
1526:
1515:
1503:Paleocene-Eocene)
1502:
1500:
1490:
1479:
1468:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1433:Tomek et al. 2014
1423:
1412:
1400:
1386:Cyrtonyx tedfordi
1380:
1369:
1357:
1346:
1334:
1038:was found in the
996:
995:
974:
973:
965:
964:
956:
955:
947:
946:
938:
937:
929:
928:
920:
919:
753:pigeons and doves
676:among the living
412:
411:
344:
181:
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
12860:
12818:
12817:
12805:
12804:
12792:
12791:
12779:
12778:
12766:
12765:
12753:
12752:
12743:
12742:
12730:
12729:
12727:NBNSYS0000160036
12717:
12716:
12704:
12703:
12691:
12690:
12678:
12677:
12665:
12664:
12655:
12654:
12642:
12641:
12629:
12628:
12616:
12615:
12603:
12602:
12590:
12589:
12577:
12576:
12564:
12563:
12551:
12550:
12549:
12536:
12535:
12534:
12504:
12503:
12103:Chukar partridge
12077:A. melanocephala
12012:C. coromandelica
11897:A. griseogularis
11858:Tibetan snowcock
11838:Caspian snowcock
11814:
11813:
11608:O. pondicerianus
11544:Green junglefowl
11455:
11454:
11325:Painted spurfowl
11276:
11275:
11107:
11106:
11097:
11096:
11083:
11082:
11030:Roll's partridge
10994:A. brunneopectus
10970:Taiwan partridge
10960:Hainan partridge
10934:A.a rubrirostris
10766:
10765:
10752:
10751:
10663:Crested fireback
10623:Siamese fireback
10537:Catreus wallichi
10438:Reeve's pheasant
10339:
10338:
10290:
10289:
10099:L. mlokosiewiczi
10095:Caucasian grouse
9981:Willow ptarmigan
9870:
9869:
9839:
9828:Ocellated turkey
9804:
9803:
9779:Koklass pheasant
9765:
9764:
9640:Western tragopan
9630:Cabot's tragopan
9620:Blyth's tragopan
9606:
9605:
9567:
9566:
9528:
9527:
9518:
9517:
9504:
9503:
9457:
9450:
9443:
9434:
9433:
9418:
9417:
9406:
9394:
9393:
9382:
9381:
9334:
9326:
9318:
9310:
9307:Leptosomiformes
9302:
9294:
9286:
9278:
9275:Accipitriformes
9270:
9249:
9248:(perching birds)
9241:
9233:
9225:
9204:
9196:
9188:
9180:
9172:
9169:Sphenisciformes
9164:
9143:
9135:
9114:
9106:
9103:Charadriiformes
9085:
9064:
9046:
9025:
9017:
9014:Musophagiformes
9009:
8994:
8993:
8975:
8967:
8946:
8938:
8930:
8915:
8914:
8906:
8905:
8897:
8896:
8870:
8857:
8635:
8634:
8631:
8624:
8537:
8530:
8494:
8481:
8480:
8477:
8468:
8467:
8464:
8429:
8428:
8425:
8424:
8398:
8397:
8384:
8376:
8368:
8360:
8352:
8337:
8336:
8333:
8332:
8322:
8321:
8318:
8317:
8185:Bird collections
8140:Dinornithiformes
8045:Darwin's finches
8035:Origin of flight
7975:Seabird breeding
7965:Sexual selection
7834:
7827:
7820:
7811:
7810:
7730:
7715:
7694:
7628:
7593:
7568:
7544:
7509:
7483:
7444:
7443:
7414:
7408:
7404:
7398:
7386:
7380:
7377:
7371:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7345:
7339:
7324:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7314:
7299:
7290:
7289:
7233:
7227:
7216:
7210:
7203:
7197:
7196:
7186:
7177:(6): 1093–1165.
7162:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7149:
7139:
7130:
7119:
7110:
7090:
7084:
7077:
7071:
7064:
7058:
7055:
7049:
7044:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6976:
6970:
6969:
6959:
6949:
6925:
6919:
6918:
6902:
6892:
6886:
6875:
6869:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6837:
6827:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6788:. Archived from
6783:
6774:
6729:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6674:ocellated turkey
6563:Argusianus argus
6498:feeds mainly on
6339:Catreus wallichi
6305:and most of the
6267:Food and feeding
6208:crested fireback
6159:koklass pheasant
6114:
6107:
6103:
6100:
6094:
6063:
6055:
6023:to larger size,
5860:common pheasants
5643:
5642:
5619:
5618:
5595:
5594:
5571:
5570:
5509:
5508:
5485:
5484:
5475:
5474:
5451:
5450:
5427:
5426:
5413:
5398:
5397:
5384:
5369:
5368:
5306:
5284:
5269:
5268:
5245:
5244:
5222:
5200:
5185:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5164:
5149:
5148:
5135:
5119:
5118:
5109:
5108:
5067:
5045:
5023:
5007:
5006:
4993:
4978:
4977:
4968:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4947:
4932:
4931:
4870:
4838:
4837:
4813:
4812:
4777:
4755:
4740:
4739:
4717:
4695:
4680:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4663:
4662:
4612:
4590:
4575:
4574:
4561:
4546:
4545:
4523:
4501:
4486:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4469:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4402:
4380:
4364:
4363:
4350:
4334:
4333:
4311:
4289:
4274:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4209:
4187:
4172:
4171:
4149:
4127:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4091:
4076:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4059:
4058:
4035:
4034:
4025:
4024:
3975:
3953:
3938:
3937:
3924:
3909:
3908:
3849:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3751:
3729:
3714:
3713:
3690:
3689:
3666:
3665:
3652:
3637:
3636:
3605:
3573:
3572:
3559:
3544:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3523:
3508:
3507:
3491:
3476:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3421:
3399:
3384:
3383:
3370:
3355:
3354:
3331:
3330:
3321:
3320:
3249:
3227:
3212:
3211:
3198:
3183:
3182:
3169:
3154:
3153:
3137:
3122:
3121:
3108:
3093:
3092:
3048:
3016:
3015:
2992:
2991:
2968:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2897:
2875:
2860:
2859:
2846:
2831:
2830:
2790:
2758:
2757:
2744:
2729:
2728:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2539:
2519:
2502:
2485:
2475:
2468:– blood pheasant
2465:
2458:– snow partridge
2452:
2434:
2425:
2415:Wang et al. 2006
2414:
2403:
2392:
2381:
2370:
2359:
2348:
2337:
2326:
2315:
2304:
2293:
2282:
2267:
2256:
2245:
2214:
2203:
2192:
2181:
2170:
2159:
2148:
2140:(Mountain Quail)
2137:
2126:
2116:
2106:
2096:
2088:
2077:
2066:
2046:
2035:
2024:
2014:
1995:
1984:
1954:
1943:
1933:
1922:
1911:
1905:} (Horned Guans)
1902:
1895:
1884:
1877:
1867:
1857:
1848:Reichenbach 1853
1847:
1839:(Highland Guans)
1837:Reichenbach 1861
1836:
1825:
1814:
1805:
1794:
1782:
1760:
1749:
1738:
1719:
1708:
1697:
1687:
1670:
1658:
1638:
1635:Quercymegapodius
1627:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1583:
1572:
1561:
1550:
1536:
1524:
1513:
1498:
1489:Fürbringer, 1888
1488:
1480:(Late Oligocene)
1477:
1466:
1454:
1443:
1432:
1421:
1410:
1401:(middle Miocene)
1398:
1378:
1367:
1355:
1344:
1332:
1329:Archaeophasianus
1313:
1208:Oldman Formation
986:Pamela Rasmussen
911:
890:
876:
875:
862:
848:
847:
834:
820:
819:
806:
792:
791:
785:
784:
777:
776:
770:
769:
765:
764:
459:
458:
455:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
349:Extant families
339:
274:
273:
258:Numida meleagris
191:
176:
174:
111:
100:Temporal range:
94:
93:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
12868:
12867:
12863:
12862:
12861:
12859:
12858:
12857:
12828:
12827:
12826:
12821:
12813:
12808:
12800:
12795:
12787:
12782:
12774:
12769:
12761:
12756:
12748:
12746:
12738:
12733:
12725:
12720:
12712:
12707:
12699:
12694:
12686:
12681:
12673:
12668:
12660:
12658:
12650:
12645:
12637:
12632:
12624:
12619:
12611:
12606:
12598:
12593:
12585:
12580:
12572:
12567:
12559:
12554:
12545:
12544:
12539:
12530:
12529:
12524:
12511:
12501:
12496:
12477:
12392:P. bicalcaratus
12382:P. hildebrandti
12318:Ahanta spurfowl
12252:P. camerunensis
12222:
12217:O. superciliosa
12213:Himalayan quail
12197:
12192:P. manipurensis
12168:Rock bush quail
12142:
12057:
12018:Harlequin quail
11992:
11987:M. madagarensis
11967:
11932:S. ypsilophorus
11912:
11877:
11852:T. himalayensis
11798:
11743:S. levaillantii
11733:S. streptophora
11713:
11684:Coqui francolin
11668:
11639:Black francolin
11623:
11614:Swamp francolin
11578:
11553:
11534:Grey junglefowl
11498:
11439:
11364:P. bicalcaratum
11344:
11299:
11294:H. sanguiniceps
11271:Polyplectronini
11260:
11225:
11190:
11165:
11140:
11091:
11069:
10974:A. crudigularis
10866:
10857:Black partridge
10843:
10820:
10797:
10792:X. udzungwensis
10760:
10734:
10715:Silver pheasant
10709:L. leucomelanos
10597:
10572:C. crossoptilon
10542:
10517:
10498:Common pheasant
10482:
10473:Golden pheasant
10447:
10432:S. soemmerringi
10428:Copper pheasant
10418:Mikado pheasant
10382:
10323:
10314:Dulit partridge
10308:R. longirostris
10274:
10257:T. c. attwateri
10219:T. phasianellus
10199:
10190:Gunnison grouse
10184:C. urophasianus
10164:
10139:
10104:
10069:
10064:T. urogalloides
10022:
9965:
9930:
9921:Siberian grouse
9905:
9863:
9850:
9788:
9749:
9730:Sclater's monal
9720:Himalayan monal
9704:
9669:
9590:
9551:
9512:
9498:
9466:
9461:
9431:
9426:
9338:
9332:
9324:
9316:
9315:Bucerotiformes
9309:(cuckoo-roller)
9308:
9300:
9292:
9284:
9276:
9268:
9267:Cathartiformes
9253:
9247:
9239:
9238:Psittaciformes
9231:
9223:
9208:
9202:
9201:Pelecaniformes
9194:
9186:
9178:
9170:
9162:
9147:
9141:
9140:Eurypygiformes
9133:
9118:
9112:
9104:
9089:
9083:
9068:
9062:
9044:
9029:
9023:
9015:
9007:
8979:
8973:
8965:
8950:
8944:
8943:Pterocliformes
8936:
8928:
8879:
8868:
8855:
8840:
8764:
8723:
8661:
8626:
8625:
8618:
8617:
8605:
8585:
8558:
8535:
8528:
8488:
8487:
8475:
8474:
8458:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8448:
8446:
8444:
8442:
8440:
8438:
8436:
8434:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8405:
8403:
8388:
8382:
8381:Casuariiformes
8374:
8373:Apterygiformes
8366:
8358:
8350:
8327:
8312:
8283:Lists by region
8251:
8161:
8154:
8095:Chaoyangiformes
8080:Jeholornithidae
8054:
8018:Origin of birds
8004:
7985:Brood parasites
7931:
7861:
7848:
7838:
7805:Wayback Machine
7784:
7739:(HTML abstract)
7610:Wayback Machine
7529:Wayback Machine
7481:
7452:
7450:Further reading
7447:
7415:
7411:
7405:
7401:
7387:
7383:
7378:
7374:
7361:
7359:
7346:
7342:
7325:
7321:
7312:
7310:
7301:
7300:
7293:
7234:
7230:
7217:
7213:
7204:
7200:
7163:
7156:
7147:
7145:
7141:
7140:
7133:
7120:
7113:
7091:
7087:
7078:
7074:
7065:
7061:
7056:
7052:
7045:
7041:
7031:
7029:
7011:
7007:
6997:
6995:
6977:
6973:
6926:
6922:
6915:
6893:
6889:
6876:
6872:
6855:
6851:
6804:
6800:
6792:
6781:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6738:Family Cracidae
6726:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6632:
6626:
6583:
6517:mikado pheasant
6509:The tragopans (
6413:Lophura bulweri
6399:), most of the
6315:Himalayan monal
6269:
6252:
6228:Leipoa ocellata
6179:stone partridge
6175:New World quail
6115:
6104:
6098:
6095:
6080:
6064:
6053:
5998:prehistorically
5969:
5852:
5843:
5834:
5825:
5816:
5807:
5798:
5789:
5780:
5771:
5762:
5752:
5743:
5734:
5725:
5716:
5707:
5698:
5689:
5680:
5555:
5546:
5352:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5316:
5232:
5096:
5086:
5077:
4916:
4907:
4898:
4889:
4880:
4807:Polyplectronini
4796:
4787:
4727:
4650:
4640:
4631:
4622:
4533:
4449:
4439:
4430:
4421:
4412:
4321:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4159:
4012:
4003:
3994:
3985:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3779:
3770:
3761:
3624:
3615:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3305:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3076:
3067:
3058:
2935:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2659:
2551:Polyprectronini
2540:Rafinesque 1815
2345:Palaeocryptonyx
2246:Tugarinov 1940b
2206:(Singing Quail)
1973:Gallinuloididae
1923:Burmeister 1856
1912:Rafinesque 1815
1887:} (Chachalacas)
1868:Rafinesque 1815
1728:Scrubfowl group
1510:Sylviornithidae
1267:
1261:
1142:Palaeophasianus
1113:. In the early
1103:Gallinuloididae
1036:tarsometatarsus
1026:Late Cretaceous
1001:
975:
966:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:
600:
523:(guinea fowl),
511:(peacocks) and
421:
417:
407:Phasianiformes
338:
268:
230:Gunnison grouse
214:golden pheasant
182:
179:molecular clock
175:
173:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
106:
105:
98:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12866:
12856:
12855:
12850:
12845:
12840:
12823:
12822:
12820:
12819:
12806:
12793:
12780:
12767:
12754:
12744:
12731:
12718:
12705:
12692:
12679:
12666:
12656:
12643:
12634:Fauna Europaea
12630:
12617:
12604:
12591:
12578:
12565:
12552:
12537:
12521:
12519:
12513:
12512:
12498:
12497:
12494:
12491:
12490:
12487:
12486:
12483:
12482:
12479:
12478:
12476:
12475:
12465:
12455:
12452:P. leucoscepus
12445:
12435:
12425:
12422:P. clappertoni
12415:
12405:
12398:Scaly spurfowl
12395:
12385:
12375:
12368:Natal spurfowl
12365:
12355:
12345:
12335:
12325:
12315:
12305:
12302:P. ochropectus
12295:
12285:
12275:
12265:
12255:
12245:
12234:
12232:
12224:
12223:
12221:
12220:
12209:
12207:
12199:
12198:
12196:
12195:
12185:
12175:
12165:
12154:
12152:
12144:
12143:
12141:
12140:
12130:
12120:
12110:
12100:
12093:Rock partridge
12090:
12080:
12069:
12067:
12059:
12058:
12056:
12055:
12045:
12038:Japanese quail
12035:
12025:
12022:C. delegorguei
12015:
12004:
12002:
11994:
11993:
11991:
11990:
11979:
11977:
11969:
11968:
11966:
11965:
11955:
11945:
11942:S. monorthonyx
11935:
11924:
11922:
11914:
11913:
11911:
11910:
11903:Sand partridge
11900:
11889:
11887:
11879:
11878:
11876:
11875:
11868:Altai snowcock
11865:
11855:
11845:
11835:
11824:
11822:
11811:
11804:
11803:
11800:
11799:
11797:
11796:
11786:
11776:
11766:
11756:
11746:
11736:
11725:
11723:
11715:
11714:
11712:
11711:
11701:
11698:C. albogularis
11691:
11680:
11678:
11670:
11669:
11667:
11666:
11663:F. pintadeanus
11656:
11646:
11643:F. francolinus
11635:
11633:
11625:
11624:
11622:
11621:
11611:
11604:Grey francolin
11601:
11590:
11588:
11580:
11579:
11577:
11576:
11565:
11563:
11555:
11554:
11552:
11551:
11541:
11531:
11521:
11514:Red junglefowl
11510:
11508:
11500:
11499:
11497:
11496:
11486:
11476:
11465:
11463:
11452:
11445:
11444:
11441:
11440:
11438:
11437:
11427:
11417:
11407:
11397:
11387:
11377:
11367:
11356:
11354:
11346:
11345:
11343:
11342:
11339:G. bicalcarata
11332:
11322:
11311:
11309:
11301:
11300:
11298:
11297:
11286:
11284:
11273:
11266:
11265:
11262:
11261:
11259:
11258:
11248:
11237:
11235:
11227:
11226:
11224:
11223:
11213:
11206:Indian peafowl
11202:
11200:
11192:
11191:
11189:
11188:
11177:
11175:
11167:
11166:
11164:
11163:
11152:
11150:
11142:
11141:
11139:
11138:
11128:
11117:
11115:
11104:
11093:
11092:
11079:
11078:
11075:
11074:
11071:
11070:
11068:
11067:
11057:
11047:
11037:
11027:
11017:
11007:
10997:
10987:
10984:A. atrogularis
10977:
10967:
10957:
10947:
10937:
10927:
10924:A. rufogularis
10917:
10907:
10897:
10887:
10880:Hill partridge
10876:
10874:
10868:
10867:
10865:
10864:
10853:
10851:
10845:
10844:
10842:
10841:
10830:
10828:
10822:
10821:
10819:
10818:
10807:
10805:
10799:
10798:
10796:
10795:
10785:
10774:
10772:
10762:
10761:
10748:
10747:
10744:
10743:
10740:
10739:
10736:
10735:
10733:
10732:
10722:
10712:
10705:Kalij pheasant
10702:
10701:
10700:
10680:
10670:
10660:
10657:L. hatinhensis
10650:
10640:
10630:
10620:
10609:
10607:
10599:
10598:
10596:
10595:
10592:C.mantchuricum
10585:
10575:
10565:
10554:
10552:
10544:
10543:
10541:
10540:
10533:Cheer pheasant
10529:
10527:
10519:
10518:
10516:
10515:
10508:Green pheasant
10505:
10494:
10492:
10484:
10483:
10481:
10480:
10470:
10459:
10457:
10449:
10448:
10446:
10445:
10435:
10425:
10415:
10405:
10394:
10392:
10384:
10383:
10381:
10380:
10370:
10360:
10353:Grey partridge
10349:
10347:
10336:
10329:
10328:
10325:
10324:
10322:
10321:
10311:
10300:
10298:
10287:
10280:
10279:
10276:
10275:
10273:
10272:
10262:
10261:
10260:
10250:
10234:
10233:
10232:
10211:
10209:
10201:
10200:
10198:
10197:
10187:
10176:
10174:
10166:
10165:
10163:
10162:
10151:
10149:
10141:
10140:
10138:
10137:
10130:Chinese grouse
10127:
10116:
10114:
10106:
10105:
10103:
10102:
10092:
10081:
10079:
10071:
10070:
10068:
10067:
10057:
10056:
10055:
10034:
10032:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10020:
10010:
10003:Rock ptarmigan
10000:
9999:
9998:
9977:
9975:
9967:
9966:
9964:
9963:
9960:D. fuliginosus
9953:
9942:
9940:
9932:
9931:
9929:
9928:
9925:F. falcipennis
9917:
9915:
9907:
9906:
9904:
9903:
9902:
9901:
9880:
9878:
9867:
9856:
9855:
9852:
9851:
9849:
9848:
9845:M. californica
9835:
9825:
9814:
9812:
9801:
9794:
9793:
9790:
9789:
9787:
9786:
9775:
9773:
9762:
9755:
9754:
9751:
9750:
9748:
9747:
9737:
9727:
9716:
9714:
9706:
9705:
9703:
9702:
9692:
9681:
9679:
9671:
9670:
9668:
9667:
9657:
9650:Satyr tragopan
9647:
9637:
9627:
9616:
9614:
9603:
9596:
9595:
9592:
9591:
9589:
9588:
9581:Blood pheasant
9577:
9575:
9564:
9557:
9556:
9553:
9552:
9550:
9549:
9542:Snow partridge
9538:
9536:
9525:
9514:
9513:
9500:
9499:
9497:
9496:
9490:
9484:
9478:
9471:
9468:
9467:
9460:
9459:
9452:
9445:
9437:
9428:
9427:
9425:
9424:
9412:
9400:
9388:
9375:
9372:
9371:
9368:
9367:
9364:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9356:
9355:
9352:
9351:
9348:
9347:
9344:
9343:
9340:
9339:
9337:
9336:
9328:
9323:Coraciiformes
9320:
9312:
9304:
9299:Trogoniformes
9296:
9288:
9280:
9272:
9263:
9261:
9255:
9254:
9252:
9251:
9246:Passeriformes
9243:
9235:
9230:Falconiformes
9227:
9222:Cariamiformes
9218:
9216:
9210:
9209:
9207:
9206:
9198:
9190:
9185:Ciconiiformes
9182:
9174:
9166:
9157:
9155:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9145:
9137:
9128:
9126:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9116:
9108:
9099:
9097:
9095:Cursorimorphae
9091:
9090:
9088:
9087:
9078:
9076:
9070:
9069:
9067:
9066:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9039:
9037:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9019:
9011:
9002:
9000:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8981:
8980:
8978:
8977:
8969:
8960:
8958:
8956:Mirandornithes
8952:
8951:
8949:
8948:
8940:
8932:
8927:Columbiformes
8923:
8921:
8919:Columbimorphae
8912:
8903:
8893:
8892:
8889:
8888:
8885:
8884:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8877:
8872:
8864:
8859:
8854:Meleagridinae
8850:
8848:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8838:
8831:
8824:
8817:
8810:
8803:
8796:
8789:
8782:
8774:
8772:
8770:Odontophoridae
8766:
8765:
8763:
8762:
8755:
8748:
8741:
8733:
8731:
8725:
8724:
8722:
8721:
8714:
8707:
8700:
8693:
8686:
8679:
8671:
8669:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8643:
8641:
8632:
8611:
8610:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8603:
8595:
8593:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8583:
8576:
8568:
8566:
8560:
8559:
8557:
8556:
8551:
8549:Stictonettinae
8546:
8544:Dendrocygninae
8541:
8540:
8539:
8532:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8497:
8495:
8478:
8465:
8422:
8394:
8393:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8386:
8378:
8370:
8362:
8354:
8345:
8343:
8329:
8328:
8314:
8313:
8311:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8303:
8297:Notable birds
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8259:
8257:
8253:
8252:
8250:
8249:
8247:Egg collecting
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8198:
8197:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8166:
8164:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8130:Hesperornithes
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8105:Ambiortiformes
8102:
8097:
8092:
8090:Enantiornithes
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8064:
8062:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8031:
8030:
8025:
8014:
8012:
8006:
8005:
8003:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7941:
7939:
7933:
7932:
7930:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7893:
7892:
7882:
7877:
7871:
7869:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7859:
7853:
7850:
7849:
7837:
7836:
7829:
7822:
7814:
7808:
7807:
7795:
7790:
7783:
7782:External links
7780:
7779:
7778:
7772:
7769:
7766:
7763:
7760:
7757:
7754:
7740:
7716:
7695:
7669:(2): 145–172.
7654:
7640:
7627:(2): 187–198.
7612:
7580:
7567:(2): 227–244.
7556:
7543:(6): 495–532.
7531:
7510:
7466:
7462:(1): 245–248.
7451:
7448:
7446:
7445:
7426:(1): 275–286.
7409:
7399:
7381:
7372:
7340:
7334:(2005), Crowe
7319:
7307:bird-phylogeny
7291:
7228:
7211:
7198:
7154:
7131:
7111:
7085:
7072:
7059:
7050:
7039:
7005:
6971:
6920:
6913:
6887:
6881:(2005), Crowe
6870:
6864:(2005), Crowe
6849:
6798:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6625:
6624:Common species
6622:
6582:
6579:
6437:Pavo cristatus
6335:cheer pheasant
6268:
6265:
6251:
6250:Winter ecology
6248:
6240:snow partridge
6212:Lophura ignita
6117:
6116:
6067:
6065:
6058:
6052:
6049:
5968:
5967:Flightlessness
5965:
5915:North American
5896:polygynandrous
5851:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5753:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5646:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5622:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5598:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5574:
5569:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5551:
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5547:
5543:
5542:
5539:
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5529:
5526:
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5522:
5521:
5512:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5488:
5483:
5481:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5454:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5430:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5401:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5372:
5367:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5272:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5248:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5152:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5122:
5117:
5115:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5010:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4981:
4976:
4974:
4966:
4964:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4935:
4930:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4841:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4816:
4811:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4743:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4683:
4678:
4676:
4671:
4669:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4600:
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4578:
4573:
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4568:
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4564:
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4538:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4489:
4484:
4482:
4477:
4475:
4467:
4465:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4367:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4337:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4277:
4272:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4175:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4115:
4110:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4079:
4074:
4072:
4067:
4065:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3941:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3912:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3837:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3784:
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3776:
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3772:
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3762:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3576:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3502:Odontophorinae
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3470:Odontophoridae
3464:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3387:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2956:
2954:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2930:(bushturkeys)
2927:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2686:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2658:
2655:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2567:
2557:
2547:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2520:Horsfield 1821
2513:
2506:
2496:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2454:von Boetticher
2440:
2428:
2417:
2406:
2395:
2384:
2373:
2362:
2351:
2340:
2329:
2323:Megalocoturnix
2318:
2307:
2296:
2285:
2274:
2259:
2248:
2236:and relatives
2222:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2207:
2196:
2185:
2174:
2163:
2162:(Banded Quail)
2152:
2141:
2130:
2114:Odontophorinae
2111:
2110:
2109:
2091:
2080:
2069:
2055:Odontophoridae
2051:
2050:
2049:
2047:Bonaparte 1850
2039:
2028:
2017:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1992:Paraortygoides
1987:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1936:
1926:
1906:
1903:Bonaparte 1853
1888:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1829:
1815:Bonaparte 1851
1809:
1797:
1786:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1742:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1701:
1690:
1673:
1662:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1630:
1628:Alvarenga 1995
1619:
1617:Alvarenga 1988
1599:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1575:
1564:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1528:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1485:Gastornithidae
1481:
1469:
1463:Paleophasianus
1458:
1446:
1435:
1424:
1413:
1402:
1390:
1381:
1370:
1359:
1347:
1336:
1333:Lambrecht 1933
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1251:Palaealectoris
1246:
1181:
1180:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1048:Pangalliformes
1012:enantiornithes
1000:
997:
994:
993:
977:
976:
972:
971:
968:
967:
963:
962:
959:
958:
954:
953:
950:
949:
945:
944:
941:
940:
936:
935:
932:
931:
927:
926:
923:
922:
918:
917:
914:
913:
900:
897:
896:
893:
892:
883:Odontophoridae
879:
874:
872:
869:
868:
865:
864:
851:
846:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
823:
818:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
795:
790:
788:
783:
781:
775:
773:
768:
735:(Turnicidae),
599:
596:
562:", Latin for "
558:derives from "
517:Odontophoridae
468:that includes
410:
409:
403:
402:
396:
395:
394:
393:
392:
391:
386:
381:
379:Odontophoridae
369:
368:
367:
366:
361:
351:
350:
346:
345:
333:
329:
328:
326:Pangalliformes
323:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
290:
286:
285:
280:
276:
275:
262:
261:
246:great curassow
226:Alectoris rufa
206:red junglefowl
202:Pavo cristatus
198:Indian peafowl
193:
192:
184:
183:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
99:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12865:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12835:
12833:
12816:
12811:
12807:
12803:
12798:
12794:
12790:
12785:
12781:
12777:
12772:
12768:
12764:
12759:
12755:
12751:
12745:
12741:
12736:
12732:
12728:
12723:
12719:
12715:
12710:
12706:
12702:
12697:
12693:
12689:
12684:
12680:
12676:
12671:
12667:
12663:
12659:Featherbase:
12657:
12653:
12648:
12644:
12640:
12635:
12631:
12627:
12622:
12618:
12614:
12609:
12605:
12601:
12596:
12592:
12588:
12583:
12579:
12575:
12570:
12566:
12562:
12557:
12553:
12548:
12542:
12538:
12533:
12527:
12523:
12522:
12520:
12518:
12514:
12510:
12505:
12492:
12473:
12469:
12466:
12463:
12462:P. rufopictus
12459:
12456:
12453:
12449:
12446:
12443:
12442:P. swainsonii
12439:
12436:
12433:
12429:
12426:
12423:
12419:
12416:
12413:
12409:
12406:
12403:
12399:
12396:
12393:
12389:
12386:
12383:
12379:
12376:
12373:
12372:P. natalensis
12369:
12366:
12363:
12359:
12358:Cape spurfowl
12356:
12353:
12349:
12346:
12343:
12339:
12336:
12333:
12329:
12326:
12323:
12322:P. ahantensis
12319:
12316:
12313:
12312:P. swierstrai
12309:
12306:
12303:
12299:
12296:
12293:
12289:
12286:
12283:
12279:
12276:
12273:
12269:
12266:
12263:
12259:
12256:
12253:
12249:
12246:
12243:
12239:
12236:
12235:
12233:
12231:
12230:
12225:
12218:
12214:
12211:
12210:
12208:
12206:
12205:
12200:
12193:
12189:
12186:
12183:
12179:
12176:
12173:
12169:
12166:
12163:
12159:
12156:
12155:
12153:
12151:
12150:
12145:
12138:
12134:
12131:
12128:
12124:
12121:
12118:
12114:
12111:
12108:
12104:
12101:
12098:
12094:
12091:
12088:
12084:
12081:
12078:
12074:
12071:
12070:
12068:
12066:
12065:
12060:
12053:
12052:C. pectoralis
12049:
12048:Stubble quail
12046:
12043:
12039:
12036:
12033:
12029:
12026:
12023:
12019:
12016:
12013:
12009:
12006:
12005:
12003:
12001:
12000:
11995:
11988:
11984:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11976:
11975:
11974:Margaroperdix
11970:
11963:
11959:
11956:
11953:
11949:
11946:
11943:
11939:
11936:
11933:
11929:
11926:
11925:
11923:
11921:
11920:
11915:
11908:
11904:
11901:
11898:
11894:
11891:
11890:
11888:
11886:
11885:
11880:
11873:
11869:
11866:
11863:
11859:
11856:
11853:
11849:
11846:
11843:
11839:
11836:
11833:
11832:T. caucasicus
11829:
11826:
11825:
11823:
11821:
11820:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11805:
11794:
11790:
11787:
11784:
11783:S. gutturalis
11780:
11777:
11774:
11770:
11767:
11764:
11763:S. psilolaema
11760:
11757:
11754:
11750:
11747:
11744:
11740:
11737:
11734:
11730:
11727:
11726:
11724:
11722:
11721:
11716:
11709:
11708:C. schlegelii
11705:
11702:
11699:
11695:
11692:
11689:
11685:
11682:
11681:
11679:
11677:
11676:
11671:
11664:
11660:
11657:
11654:
11650:
11647:
11644:
11640:
11637:
11636:
11634:
11632:
11631:
11626:
11619:
11615:
11612:
11609:
11605:
11602:
11599:
11595:
11592:
11591:
11589:
11587:
11586:
11581:
11574:
11570:
11567:
11566:
11564:
11562:
11561:
11556:
11549:
11545:
11542:
11539:
11538:G. sonneratii
11535:
11532:
11529:
11525:
11522:
11519:
11515:
11512:
11511:
11509:
11507:
11506:
11501:
11494:
11490:
11487:
11484:
11483:B. thoracicus
11480:
11477:
11474:
11470:
11467:
11466:
11464:
11462:
11461:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11446:
11435:
11431:
11428:
11425:
11421:
11418:
11415:
11414:P. katsumatae
11411:
11408:
11405:
11404:P. inopinatum
11401:
11398:
11395:
11391:
11388:
11385:
11381:
11378:
11375:
11371:
11368:
11365:
11361:
11358:
11357:
11355:
11353:
11352:
11347:
11340:
11336:
11333:
11330:
11326:
11323:
11320:
11316:
11313:
11312:
11310:
11308:
11307:
11302:
11295:
11291:
11288:
11287:
11285:
11283:
11282:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11267:
11256:
11252:
11249:
11246:
11245:T. charltonii
11242:
11239:
11238:
11236:
11234:
11233:
11232:Tropicoperdix
11228:
11221:
11217:
11216:Green peafowl
11214:
11211:
11207:
11204:
11203:
11201:
11199:
11198:
11193:
11186:
11182:
11181:Congo peafowl
11179:
11178:
11176:
11174:
11173:
11168:
11161:
11157:
11154:
11153:
11151:
11149:
11148:
11143:
11136:
11135:R. nigrescens
11132:
11129:
11126:
11122:
11119:
11118:
11116:
11114:
11113:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11098:
11094:
11090:
11084:
11080:
11065:
11064:A. orientalis
11061:
11058:
11055:
11051:
11048:
11045:
11041:
11038:
11035:
11031:
11028:
11025:
11021:
11018:
11015:
11014:A. hyperythra
11011:
11008:
11005:
11001:
10998:
10995:
10991:
10988:
10985:
10981:
10978:
10975:
10971:
10968:
10965:
10961:
10958:
10955:
10954:A. cambodiana
10951:
10948:
10945:
10941:
10938:
10935:
10931:
10928:
10925:
10921:
10918:
10915:
10911:
10908:
10905:
10901:
10898:
10895:
10894:A. rufipectus
10891:
10888:
10885:
10881:
10878:
10877:
10875:
10873:
10869:
10862:
10858:
10855:
10854:
10852:
10850:
10846:
10839:
10835:
10832:
10831:
10829:
10827:
10823:
10816:
10812:
10809:
10808:
10806:
10804:
10800:
10793:
10789:
10786:
10783:
10782:X. obscuratus
10779:
10776:
10775:
10773:
10771:
10767:
10763:
10759:
10753:
10749:
10730:
10726:
10723:
10720:
10719:L. nycthemera
10716:
10713:
10710:
10706:
10703:
10698:
10694:
10691:
10690:
10688:
10684:
10681:
10678:
10677:L. imperialis
10674:
10671:
10668:
10664:
10661:
10658:
10654:
10651:
10648:
10644:
10641:
10638:
10634:
10631:
10628:
10624:
10621:
10618:
10614:
10611:
10610:
10608:
10606:
10605:
10600:
10593:
10589:
10586:
10583:
10579:
10576:
10573:
10569:
10566:
10563:
10559:
10556:
10555:
10553:
10551:
10550:
10545:
10538:
10534:
10531:
10530:
10528:
10526:
10525:
10520:
10513:
10512:P. versicolor
10509:
10506:
10503:
10499:
10496:
10495:
10493:
10491:
10490:
10485:
10478:
10474:
10471:
10468:
10467:C. amherstiae
10464:
10461:
10460:
10458:
10456:
10455:
10450:
10443:
10439:
10436:
10433:
10429:
10426:
10423:
10419:
10416:
10413:
10409:
10406:
10403:
10399:
10396:
10395:
10393:
10391:
10390:
10385:
10378:
10377:P. hodgsoniae
10374:
10371:
10368:
10364:
10361:
10358:
10354:
10351:
10350:
10348:
10346:
10345:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10330:
10319:
10318:R. dulitensis
10315:
10312:
10309:
10305:
10302:
10301:
10299:
10297:
10296:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10281:
10270:
10266:
10263:
10258:
10254:
10251:
10248:
10245:
10244:
10242:
10238:
10235:
10230:
10226:
10223:
10222:
10220:
10216:
10213:
10212:
10210:
10208:
10207:
10202:
10195:
10191:
10188:
10185:
10181:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10173:
10172:
10167:
10160:
10156:
10155:Ruffed grouse
10153:
10152:
10150:
10148:
10147:
10142:
10135:
10131:
10128:
10125:
10121:
10118:
10117:
10115:
10113:
10112:
10107:
10100:
10096:
10093:
10090:
10086:
10083:
10082:
10080:
10078:
10077:
10072:
10065:
10061:
10058:
10053:
10049:
10046:
10045:
10043:
10039:
10036:
10035:
10033:
10031:
10030:
10025:
10018:
10014:
10011:
10008:
10004:
10001:
9996:
9995:L. l. scotica
9992:
9989:
9988:
9986:
9982:
9979:
9978:
9976:
9974:
9973:
9968:
9961:
9957:
9954:
9951:
9947:
9944:
9943:
9941:
9939:
9938:
9933:
9926:
9922:
9919:
9918:
9916:
9914:
9913:
9908:
9899:
9895:
9892:
9891:
9889:
9888:C. canadensis
9885:
9884:Spruce grouse
9882:
9881:
9879:
9877:
9876:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9862:
9857:
9846:
9842:
9836:
9833:
9829:
9826:
9823:
9819:
9816:
9815:
9813:
9811:
9810:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9795:
9784:
9783:P. macrolopha
9780:
9777:
9776:
9774:
9772:
9771:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9756:
9745:
9741:
9740:Chinese monal
9738:
9735:
9731:
9728:
9725:
9721:
9718:
9717:
9715:
9713:
9712:
9707:
9700:
9699:T. szechenyii
9696:
9693:
9690:
9686:
9683:
9682:
9680:
9678:
9677:
9672:
9665:
9664:T. temminckii
9661:
9658:
9655:
9651:
9648:
9645:
9641:
9638:
9635:
9631:
9628:
9625:
9621:
9618:
9617:
9615:
9613:
9612:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9597:
9586:
9582:
9579:
9578:
9576:
9574:
9573:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9558:
9547:
9543:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9535:
9534:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9519:
9515:
9511:
9505:
9501:
9495:
9491:
9489:
9485:
9483:
9479:
9477:
9473:
9472:
9469:
9465:
9458:
9453:
9451:
9446:
9444:
9439:
9438:
9435:
9423:
9422:
9413:
9411:
9410:
9405:
9401:
9399:
9398:
9389:
9387:
9386:
9377:
9376:
9373:
9335:
9329:
9327:
9321:
9319:
9313:
9311:
9305:
9303:
9297:
9295:
9289:
9287:
9283:Strigiformes
9281:
9279:
9273:
9271:
9265:
9264:
9262:
9260:
9256:
9250:
9244:
9242:
9236:
9234:
9228:
9226:
9220:
9219:
9217:
9215:
9211:
9205:
9199:
9197:
9191:
9189:
9183:
9181:
9175:
9173:
9167:
9165:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9154:
9150:
9144:
9138:
9136:
9134:(tropicbirds)
9130:
9129:
9127:
9125:
9121:
9115:
9109:
9107:
9101:
9100:
9098:
9096:
9092:
9086:
9080:
9079:
9077:
9075:
9071:
9065:
9059:
9057:
9056:Podargiformes
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9041:
9040:
9038:
9036:
9032:
9026:
9020:
9018:
9012:
9010:
9006:Cuculiformes
9004:
9003:
9001:
8999:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8986:
8976:
8970:
8968:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8957:
8953:
8947:
8941:
8939:
8933:
8931:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8920:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8898:
8894:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8847:
8843:
8837:
8836:
8832:
8830:
8829:
8825:
8823:
8822:
8818:
8816:
8815:
8811:
8809:
8808:
8804:
8802:
8801:
8797:
8795:
8794:
8790:
8788:
8787:
8783:
8781:
8780:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8771:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8756:
8754:
8753:
8749:
8747:
8746:
8742:
8740:
8739:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8730:
8726:
8720:
8719:
8715:
8713:
8712:
8708:
8706:
8705:
8704:Macrocephalon
8701:
8699:
8698:
8694:
8692:
8691:
8687:
8685:
8684:
8680:
8678:
8677:
8673:
8672:
8670:
8668:
8664:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8644:
8642:
8640:
8636:
8633:
8629:
8622:
8616:
8612:
8602:
8601:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8592:
8591:Anseranatidae
8588:
8582:
8581:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8565:
8561:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8538:
8533:
8531:
8526:
8525:
8524:
8521:
8517:
8514:
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8369:
8365:Tinamiformes
8363:
8361:
8355:
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8341:Palaeognathae
8338:
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8230:
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8227:Pigeon racing
8225:
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8069:Archaeopteryx
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7720:Gallus gallus
7717:
7714:(2): 211–217.
7713:
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7464:HTML fulltext
7461:
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7303:"Galliformes"
7298:
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7106:Gallinuloides
7102:
7099:
7095:
7089:
7082:
7076:
7069:
7063:
7057:Clarke (2004)
7054:
7048:
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6735:Chachalacas -
6732:
6715:
6711:
6707:
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6686:
6683:
6679:
6675:
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6650:
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6645:North America
6641:
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6596:
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6556:
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6551:tree canopies
6548:
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6526:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6492:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6481:Domestic hens
6478:
6474:
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6446:
6442:
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6364:
6360:
6356:
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6348:
6344:
6343:crested argus
6340:
6336:
6332:
6331:invertebrates
6328:
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6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6300:
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6264:
6262:
6259:, twigs, and
6258:
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6128:
6124:
6113:
6110:
6102:
6099:December 2010
6092:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6073:
6068:This section
6066:
6062:
6057:
6056:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6028:
6026:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6005:New Caledonia
6002:
5999:
5995:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5981:
5979:
5974:
5964:
5962:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5929:green peafowl
5925:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5908:
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5899:
5897:
5893:
5888:
5884:
5882:
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5869:
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5500:
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5496:
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5480:
5479:Centrocercina
5477:
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4202:Margaroperdix
4196:
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4142:Excalfactoria
4136:
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4070:
4064:
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4054:
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4044:
4043:Tropicoperdix
4037:
4036:
4030:
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4015:
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3998:
3997:
3989:
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3490:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3454:(guineafowl)
3453:
3452:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3434:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3408:
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3254:
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3202:
3199:
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3185:
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3178:
3177:
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3141:
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3112:
3109:
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3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2970:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2920:
2919:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2839:Macrocephalon
2833:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:Tropicoperdix
2538:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2400:Shandongornis
2396:
2393:Brodkorb 1964
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2338:Brodkorb 1952
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2305:Harrison 1978
2303:
2302:
2297:
2294:Jánossy 1976b
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2257:Kuročkin 1982
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2215:Vieillot 1816
2213:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2171:Goldfuss 1820
2169:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2107:Swainson 1837
2105:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:Ptilopachinae
2092:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2025:Linnaeus 1764
2023:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2006:– guineafowl
2005:
2001:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1981:Gallinuloides
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1955:Linnaeus 1758
1953:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1934:Temminck 1813
1932:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1795:Brodkorb 1954
1793:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1735:Macrocephalon
1732:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1720:Oustalet 1880
1718:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1562:Brodkorb 1964
1560:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1548:Paraortygidae
1545:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1533:Megavitiornis
1529:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1290:methods, the
1289:
1286:analyses and
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1243:Gallinuloides
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:From the mid-
1178:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:Paraortygidae
1104:
1101:, namely the
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:
970:
969:
961:
960:
952:
951:
943:
942:
934:
933:
925:
924:
916:
915:
912:
910:
905:
899:
898:
895:
894:
891:
889:
884:
878:
877:
871:
870:
867:
866:
863:
861:
856:
850:
849:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
833:
828:
822:
821:
815:
814:
811:
810:
807:
805:
800:
794:
793:
787:
786:
779:
778:
772:
771:
767:
766:
763:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:plesiomorphic
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
651:Meleagrididae
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:North America
632:
628:
624:
620:
613:
609:
604:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
544:
542:
538:
537:brush-turkeys
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
457:
416:
408:
404:
401:
397:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
375:
371:
370:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
355:
354:
352:
347:
342:
337:
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:
284:
281:
278:
277:
272:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:Gallus gallus
207:
203:
199:
194:
190:
185:
180:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
110:
103:
95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
70:November 2015
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
12516:
12471:
12461:
12451:
12441:
12431:
12421:
12411:
12402:P. squamatus
12401:
12391:
12381:
12371:
12361:
12352:P. adspersus
12351:
12341:
12331:
12321:
12311:
12301:
12291:
12282:P. atrifrons
12281:
12271:
12261:
12251:
12242:P. hartlaubi
12241:
12227:
12216:
12202:
12191:
12181:
12172:P. argoondah
12171:
12161:
12147:
12136:
12126:
12116:
12106:
12096:
12086:
12076:
12062:
12051:
12041:
12031:
12028:Common quail
12021:
12011:
11997:
11986:
11972:
11962:S. chinensis
11961:
11952:S. adansonii
11951:
11941:
11931:
11917:
11906:
11896:
11882:
11871:
11862:T. tibetanus
11861:
11851:
11841:
11831:
11819:Tetraogallus
11817:
11792:
11782:
11772:
11762:
11752:
11742:
11732:
11718:
11707:
11697:
11687:
11675:Campocolinus
11673:
11662:
11652:
11642:
11628:
11617:
11607:
11597:
11583:
11572:
11558:
11547:
11537:
11528:G. lafayetii
11527:
11517:
11503:
11493:B. sonorivox
11492:
11482:
11472:
11458:
11433:
11424:P. malacense
11423:
11413:
11403:
11393:
11383:
11374:P. chalcurum
11373:
11363:
11351:Polyplectron
11349:
11338:
11328:
11318:
11315:Red spurfowl
11304:
11293:
11279:
11255:T. chloropus
11254:
11244:
11230:
11219:
11210:P. cristatus
11209:
11195:
11185:A. congensis
11184:
11170:
11159:
11145:
11134:
11124:
11110:
11063:
11053:
11044:A. sumatrana
11043:
11033:
11024:A. campbelli
11023:
11013:
11003:
10993:
10983:
10973:
10963:
10953:
10943:
10933:
10923:
10913:
10904:A. mandellii
10903:
10893:
10884:A. torqueola
10883:
10860:
10849:Melanoperdix
10837:
10814:
10791:
10781:
10728:
10718:
10708:
10696:
10686:
10676:
10666:
10656:
10646:
10636:
10626:
10616:
10602:
10591:
10581:
10571:
10561:
10549:Crossoptilon
10547:
10536:
10522:
10511:
10502:P. colchicus
10501:
10487:
10476:
10466:
10454:Chrysolophus
10452:
10441:
10431:
10421:
10411:
10401:
10387:
10376:
10366:
10356:
10342:
10317:
10307:
10293:
10285:Rhizotherini
10268:
10256:
10240:
10228:
10218:
10204:
10193:
10183:
10171:Centrocercus
10169:
10158:
10144:
10134:T. sewerzowi
10133:
10123:
10120:Hazel grouse
10109:
10098:
10088:
10085:Black grouse
10074:
10063:
10051:
10042:T. urogallus
10041:
10027:
10016:
10006:
9994:
9984:
9970:
9959:
9956:Sooty grouse
9949:
9946:Dusky grouse
9935:
9924:
9910:
9897:
9887:
9873:
9844:
9831:
9822:M. gallopavo
9821:
9807:
9799:Meleagridini
9782:
9768:
9743:
9733:
9724:L. impejanus
9723:
9709:
9698:
9688:
9676:Tetraophasis
9674:
9663:
9653:
9643:
9633:
9623:
9609:
9601:Lophophorini
9584:
9570:
9545:
9531:
9493:
9419:
9407:
9395:
9383:
9293:(mousebirds)
9291:Coliiformes
9161:Gaviiformes
9153:Aequornithes
9061:Apodiformes
9022:Otidiformes
8998:Otidimorphae
8945:(sandgrouse)
8867:Phasianinae
8833:
8826:
8819:
8814:Odontophorus
8812:
8805:
8798:
8791:
8784:
8777:
8757:
8750:
8743:
8736:
8716:
8709:
8702:
8695:
8688:
8681:
8674:
8652:Oreophasinae
8614:
8598:
8578:
8571:
8476:(waterfowls)
8472:Anseriformes
8222:Cockfighting
8207:Conservation
8202:Bird feeding
8190:Birdwatching
8180:Ornithomancy
8120:Gansuiformes
8067:
8060:Fossil birds
7950:Intelligence
7752:PDF fulltext
7747:
7744:
7729:(1): 23–32.
7726:
7723:
7719:
7711:
7707:
7701:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7652:PDF fulltext
7647:
7644:
7638:PDF fulltext
7624:
7619:
7616:Polyplectron
7615:
7603:PDF fulltext
7592:(1): 38–54.
7589:
7584:
7578:PDF fulltext
7564:
7559:
7554:PDF fulltext
7540:
7535:
7522:PDF fulltext
7517:
7514:
7489:
7485:
7476:
7472:
7459:
7456:
7423:
7419:
7412:
7402:
7384:
7375:
7369:
7360:. Retrieved
7358:
7354:
7343:
7335:
7331:
7327:
7322:
7311:. Retrieved
7306:
7245:
7241:
7231:
7223:
7219:
7214:
7206:
7201:
7174:
7170:
7146:. Retrieved
7126:
7122:
7104:
7088:
7080:
7075:
7067:
7062:
7053:
7042:
7030:. Retrieved
7025:
7008:
6996:. Retrieved
6991:
6974:
6937:
6933:
6923:
6898:
6890:
6882:
6878:
6873:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6852:
6815:
6811:
6801:
6790:the original
6785:
6772:
6741:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6695:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6677:
6664:
6661:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6633:
6610:Megapodiidae
6603:
6584:
6581:Reproduction
6573:, ants, and
6562:
6554:
6544:
6520:
6510:
6508:
6484:
6476:
6473:wild turkeys
6464:
6457:Pavo muticus
6456:
6452:
6436:
6433:blue peafowl
6422:
6418:Chrysolophus
6416:
6412:
6405:Polyplectron
6404:
6396:
6394:
6362:
6354:
6346:
6338:
6318:
6313:genera. The
6297:
6286:to slightly
6282:
6253:
6243:
6236:
6227:
6219:
6211:
6201:
6196:Crossoptilon
6194:
6182:
6170:
6162:
6154:
6147:Centrocercus
6146:
6120:
6105:
6096:
6081:Please help
6069:
6042:
6040:
6036:Anseriformes
6029:
6024:
5991:
5989:
5982:
5970:
5957:
5933:Pavo muticus
5932:
5926:
5921:
5910:
5904:
5900:
5889:
5885:
5873:
5666:
5665:
5649:
5648:
5625:
5624:
5601:
5600:
5577:
5576:
5532:
5531:
5515:
5514:
5493:Centrocercus
5491:
5490:
5457:
5456:
5433:
5432:
5404:
5403:
5375:
5374:
5299:Crossoptilon
5297:
5296:
5275:
5274:
5251:
5250:
5215:Chrysolophus
5213:
5212:
5191:
5190:
5155:
5154:
5125:
5124:
5058:
5057:
5038:Tetraophasis
5036:
5035:
5014:
5012:
4984:
4983:
4972:Lophophorini
4938:
4937:
4863:Polyplectron
4861:
4860:
4844:
4843:
4819:
4818:
4768:
4767:
4746:
4745:
4708:
4707:
4686:
4685:
4603:
4602:
4581:
4580:
4552:
4551:
4514:
4513:
4492:
4491:
4393:
4392:
4371:
4369:
4340:
4339:
4302:
4301:
4282:Tetraogallus
4280:
4279:
4222:
4221:
4200:
4199:
4178:
4177:
4140:
4139:
4118:
4117:
4082:
4081:
4041:
4040:
3966:
3965:
3944:
3943:
3915:
3914:
3891:
3890:
3874:
3872:
3858:Melanoperdix
3856:
3854:
3742:
3741:
3720:
3719:
3696:
3695:
3672:
3671:
3643:
3642:
3598:Odontophorus
3596:
3595:
3579:
3578:
3550:
3549:
3514:
3513:
3482:
3481:
3460:Phasianoidea
3412:
3411:
3390:
3389:
3361:
3360:
3337:
3336:
3300:(curassows)
3240:
3239:
3218:
3217:
3189:
3188:
3160:
3159:
3128:
3127:
3099:
3098:
3039:
3038:
3022:
3021:
2998:
2997:
2974:
2973:
2888:
2887:
2866:
2865:
2837:
2836:
2781:
2780:
2764:
2763:
2735:
2734:
2711:
2710:
2692:Megapodiidae
2660:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2608:
2599:
2585:
2543:
2510:Rhizotherini
2493:Meleagridini
2486:Wolters 1976
2473:Lophophorini
2420:
2409:
2398:
2387:
2378:Rustaviornis
2376:
2371:Kretzoi 1955
2365:
2354:
2349:Depéret 1892
2343:
2334:Miophasianus
2332:
2321:
2310:
2299:
2288:
2277:
2269:
2262:
2251:
2240:
2217:(Wood Quail)
2211:Odontophorus
2209:
2198:
2187:
2176:
2165:
2154:
2143:
2132:
2121:
2101:
2083:
2072:
2061:
2041:
2030:
2019:
2009:
1990:
1985:Eastman 1900
1979:
1949:
1938:
1928:
1917:
1914:(Curassows)
1890:
1885:Donegan 2012
1872:
1852:
1842:
1831:
1820:
1806:Wetmore 1956
1802:Palaeonossax
1800:
1789:
1777:
1755:
1744:
1733:
1726:
1714:
1703:
1700:(Malleefowl)
1692:
1682:
1675:
1665:
1653:
1647:Megapodiidae
1633:
1622:
1611:
1589:
1578:
1567:
1556:
1537:Worthy, 2000
1531:
1525:Poplin, 1980
1519:
1493:
1472:
1467:Wetmore 1940
1461:
1449:
1438:
1429:Sobniogallus
1427:
1416:
1405:
1393:
1384:
1373:
1362:
1350:
1339:
1327:
1317:
1301:
1284:DNA sequence
1268:
1249:
1245:; phasianid?
1242:
1236:
1224:
1210:of southern
1203:
1197:Early Eocene
1182:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1092:
1040:Austin Chalk
1029:
1020:
1016:Anseriformes
1004:Galloanserae
1002:
902:
881:
853:
825:
799:Megapodiidae
797:
780:Galliformes
761:
744:
733:buttonquails
730:
726:monophyletic
705:
698:Megapodiidae
690:Gallomorphae
689:
682:Paleognathae
670:Galloanserae
662:Anseriformes
659:
616:
591:
588:Anseriformes
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
555:
553:
549:domesticated
545:
529:Megapodiidae
482:
414:
413:
406:
374:Phasianoidea
372:Superfamily
359:Megapodiidae
335:
319:
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
217:
209:
201:
91:
76:
67:
48:
12843:Bird orders
12838:Galliformes
12683:iNaturalist
12662:galliformes
12574:Galliformes
12561:Galliformes
12547:Galliformes
12541:Wikispecies
12517:Galliformes
12432:P. harwoodi
12362:P. capensis
12342:P. jacksoni
12292:P. erckelii
12162:P. asiatica
12042:C. japonica
12032:C. coturnix
11928:Brown quail
11872:T. altaicus
11809:Coturnicini
11793:S. shelleyi
11720:Scleroptila
11630:Francolinus
11598:O. sephaena
11460:Bambusicola
11394:P. germaini
11384:P. emphanum
11329:G. lunulata
11319:G. spadicea
11306:Galloperdix
11281:Haematortyx
11156:Great argus
11125:R. ocellata
11054:A. javanica
10872:Arborophila
10729:L. swinhoii
10687:L. inornata
10637:L. edwardsi
10367:P. dauurica
10206:Tympanuchus
10159:B. umbellus
9950:D. obscurus
9937:Dendragapus
9912:Falcipennis
9832:M. ocellata
9818:Wild turkey
9734:L. sclateri
9711:Lophophorus
9689:T. obscurus
9585:I. cruentus
9510:Phasianinae
9494:Galliformes
9464:Phasianidae
9421:WikiProject
9331:Piciformes
9214:Australaves
9193:Suliformes
9111:Gruiformes
8966:(flamingos)
8875:Tetraoninae
8846:Phasianidae
8835:Rhynchortyx
8800:Dactylortyx
8667:Megapodidae
8657:Penelopinae
8615:Galliformes
8357:Rheiformes
8351:(ostriches)
8301:individuals
8175:Ornithology
8162:interaction
7917:Preen gland
7473:Ichthyornis
7457:Ameghiniana
7362:30 December
7309:(in German)
7079:Zelenitsky
7014:Gill, Frank
6980:Gill, Frank
6818:: 108–127.
6759:mating call
6743:Chachalacas
6649:clutch size
6559:great argus
6429:leaf litter
6424:Arborophila
6386:crustaceans
6329:to extract
6327:woodpeckers
6307:subtropical
6284:Herbivorous
6244:Lerwa lerwa
6143:sage-grouse
6044:Scopelortyx
6003:species of
5918:wild turkey
5877:anisodactyl
5850:Description
5603:Falcipennis
5534:Tympanuchus
5517:Dendragapus
5060:Lophophorus
4926:Phasianinae
4846:Haematortyx
4822:Galloperdix
4605:Francolinus
4554:Scleroptila
4494:Bambusicola
4180:Anurophasis
4063:Coturnicini
3917:Arborophila
3826:Phasianidae
3581:Dactylortyx
3516:Rhynchortyx
3484:Ptilopachus
2976:Chamaepetes
2962:Penelopinae
2630:Lophophorus
2571:Coturnicini
2466:Wolters 197
2444:Phasianinae
2411:Shanxiornis
2389:Schaubortyx
2312:Lophogallus
2226:Phasianidae
2200:Dactylortyx
2182:Wagler 1832
2173:(Bobwhites)
2123:Rhynchortyx
2103:Ptilopachus
2089:Holman 1961
2078:Weigel 1963
2067:Miller 1944
2015:Wagler 1832
1944:Lesson 1831
1900:Oreophasini
1878:Merrem 1786
1858:Merrem 1786
1826:Wagler 1832
1822:Chamaepetes
1812:Penelopinae
1791:Boreortalis
1785:(Oligocene)
1739:Müller 1846
1688:Lesson 1828
1667:Ngawupodius
1624:Ameripodius
1591:Xorazmortyx
1569:Scopelortyx
1364:Chambiortyx
1356:Clarke 2004
1352:Austinornis
1276:Phasianinae
1272:subfamilies
1222:in origin.
1193:Phasianidae
1176:Anisolornis
1052:crown group
904:Phasianidae
706:Craciformes
678:neognathous
672:. They are
655:subfamilies
647:Tetraonidae
643:Phasianidae
608:wild turkey
556:galliformes
507:, turkeys,
497:Phasianidae
415:Galliformes
389:Phasianidae
336:Galliformes
238:wild turkey
97:Galliformes
62:introducing
12832:Categories
12262:P. nobilis
12229:Pternistis
12127:A. barbara
12117:A. philbyi
12008:Rain quail
11958:King quail
11948:Blue quail
11884:Ammoperdix
11842:T. caspius
11753:S. finschi
11618:O. gularis
11585:Ortygornis
11573:P. lathami
11560:Peliperdix
11473:B. fytchii
11220:P. muticus
11147:Argusianus
11112:Rheinardia
11087:Subfamily
10944:A. diversa
10914:A. gingica
10838:R. rouloul
10815:C. oculeus
10803:Caloperdix
10770:Xenoperdix
10758:Rollulinae
10756:Subfamily
10617:L. bulweri
10582:C. harmani
10562:C. auritum
10442:S. reevesi
10402:S. ellioti
10389:Syrmaticus
10334:Phasianini
10295:Rhizothera
10194:C. minimus
10124:T. bonasia
10017:L. leucura
9991:Red grouse
9985:L. lagopus
9875:Canachites
9861:Tetraonini
9760:Pucrasiini
9744:L. lhuysii
9624:T. blythii
9562:Ithaginini
9508:Subfamily
9171:(penguins)
9024:(bustards)
8862:Perdicinae
8807:Dendrortyx
8779:Callipepla
8711:Megapodius
8676:Aepypodius
8554:Tadorninae
8536:true geese
8367:(tinamous)
8326:Neornithes
8237:Pheasantry
8212:Aviculture
7980:Incubation
7970:Lek mating
7659:Pternistis
7537:Cladistics
7313:2021-08-01
7248:: 107091.
7148:2021-08-01
7096:342506. A
6940:(1): 209.
6765:References
6755:Costa Rica
6669:iridescent
6628:See also:
6614:incubation
6606:precocious
6599:polygamous
6595:polygynous
6591:monogamous
6575:amphibians
6555:Syrmaticus
6546:Syrmaticus
6504:herbivores
6388:and young
6357:) and the
6311:Palearctic
6303:junglefowl
6288:omnivorous
6224:malleefowl
6191:guineafowl
6025:Sylviornis
6011:or island
5993:Sylviornis
5990:The genus
5973:flightless
5953:partridges
5949:francolins
5907:king quail
5892:polygamous
5881:passerines
5868:apomorphic
5627:Canachites
5565:Tetraonina
5363:Tetraonini
5157:Syrmaticus
5113:Phasianini
4710:Argusianus
4688:Rheinardia
4583:Peliperdix
4343:Pternistis
4084:Ammoperdix
3968:Caloperdix
3893:Xenoperdix
3876:Rhizothera
3843:Rollulinae
3744:Callipepla
3674:Dendrortyx
3130:Oreophasis
3000:Penelopina
2890:Megapodius
2783:Aepypodius
2651:Phasianini
2564:Brehm 1831
2554:Blyth 1852
2546:partridges
2529:Subfamily
2517:Phasianini
2503:Leach 1820
2500:Tetraonini
2483:Pucrasiini
2476:Gray, 1841
2463:Ithaginini
2442:Subfamily
2432:Rollulinae
2430:Subfamily
2367:Plioperdix
2356:Palaeortyx
2279:Diangallus
2234:partridges
2193:Gould 1844
2178:Callipepla
2149:Gould 1844
2145:Dendrortyx
2138:Baird 1858
2117:Gould 1844
1892:Oreophasis
1882:Ortalidini
1833:Penelopina
1757:Megapodius
1716:Aepypodius
1698:Gould 1840
1539:(Holocene)
1527:(Holocene)
1521:Sylviornis
1395:Linquornis
1375:Coturnipes
1341:Argillipes
1306:skeleton,
1303:Palaeortyx
1280:Perdicinae
1263:See also:
1216:chachalaca
1201:ichnotaxon
1151:Percolinus
1133:Coturnipes
1124:Argillipes
982:Frank Gill
749:shorebirds
718:apomorphic
584:galliforms
533:malleefowl
501:partridges
250:Crax rubra
107:55–0
45:references
12149:Perdicula
12107:A. chukar
12097:A. graeca
12064:Alectoris
11653:F. pictus
11548:G. varius
11518:G. gallus
11089:Pavoninae
11004:A. davidi
10964:A. ardens
10667:L. ignita
10627:L. diardi
10489:Phasianus
10477:C. pictus
10422:S. mikado
10412:S. humiae
10357:P. perdix
10249:(extinct)
10247:Heath hen
10241:T. cupido
10111:Tetrastes
10089:L. tetrix
9809:Meleagris
9654:T. satyra
9634:T. caboti
9572:Ithaginis
9474:Kingdom:
9240:(parrots)
9084:(hoatzin)
9035:Strisores
9016:(turacos)
9008:(cuckoos)
8937:(mesites)
8856:(turkeys)
8828:Philortyx
8745:Agelastes
8738:Acryllium
8729:Numididae
8718:Talegalla
8628:gamebirds
8621:landfowls
8600:Anseranas
8564:Anhimidae
8523:Anserinae
8306:fictional
8028:dinosaurs
8023:Theropoda
8010:Evolution
7955:Migration
7937:Behaviour
7691:195417777
7492:: 1–179.
7477:Apatornis
7338:(2006a,b)
7286:231963063
7270:1055-7903
7226:(2006a,b)
7193:0891-2963
7129:(2006a,b)
7092:Specimen
6885:(2006a,b)
6868:(2006a,b)
6710:Australia
6655:Turkeys -
6537:sagebrush
6535:—such as
6206:like the
6139:subarctic
6123:temperate
6070:does not
6032:mihirungs
5996:, a huge
5978:snowcocks
5945:pheasants
5459:Tetrastes
5406:Meleagris
5193:Phasianus
4940:Ithaginis
4395:Perdicula
4304:Alectoris
4029:Pavoninae
3698:Philortyx
3414:Agelastes
3392:Acryllium
3325:Numididae
3162:Nothocrax
2713:Talegalla
2657:Phylogeny
2624:Ithaginis
2619:rectrices
2531:Pavoninae
2436:Bonaparte
2422:Tologuica
2230:pheasants
2156:Philortyx
2043:Agelastes
2036:Gray 1840
2032:Acryllium
2004:Numididae
1996:Mayr 2000
1965:Suborder
1919:Nothocrax
1896:Gray 1844
1709:Gray 1831
1684:Talegalla
1613:Taubacrex
1580:Paraortyx
1495:Gastornis
1474:Taoperdix
1407:Namaortyx
1292:phylogeny
1288:cladistic
1227:Oligocene
1099:Paleogene
1076:Argentina
1068:Coniacian
1008:K-T Event
999:Evolution
855:Numididae
757:monotypic
666:waterfowl
639:subarctic
627:partridge
612:pheasants
572:gamebirds
554:The name
521:Numididae
505:pheasants
489:continent
384:Numididae
289:Kingdom:
283:Eukaryota
104:-Recent,
12526:Wikidata
12204:Ophrysia
12087:A. magna
11999:Coturnix
11919:Synoicus
11688:C. coqui
11172:Afropavo
11160:A. argus
11102:Pavonini
11034:A. rolli
10861:M. niger
10826:Rollulus
9770:Pucrasia
9611:Tragopan
9546:L. lerwa
9482:Chordata
9480:Phylum:
9476:Animalia
9385:Category
9259:Afroaves
9187:(storks)
8989:Passerea
8974:(grebes)
8910:Columbea
8821:Oreortyx
8793:Cyrtonyx
8683:Alectura
8647:Cracinae
8639:Cracidae
8516:Oxyurini
8506:Aythyini
8501:Anatinae
8485:Anatidae
8232:Falconry
8195:big year
8050:Seabirds
7960:Foraging
7907:Feathers
7801:Archived
7724:Genetica
7606:Archived
7525:Archived
7506:84035285
7440:16336177
7326:Kimball
7278:33545275
7121:Kimball
7098:proximal
7066:Agnolin
6966:34809586
6856:Kimball
6844:32781465
6749:through
6698:Paraguay
6618:volcanic
6587:clutches
6541:conifers
6533:quinones
6529:terpenes
6525:arboreal
6512:Tragopan
6500:bilberry
6469:Rallidae
6382:molluscs
6367:termites
6323:deadfall
6279:foraging
5870:gamefowl
5377:Pucrasia
4986:Tragopan
4748:Afropavo
4667:Pavonini
4373:Ophrysia
4224:Coturnix
4120:Synoicus
3946:Rollulus
3645:Oreortyx
3552:Cyrtonyx
3315:Phasiani
3087:Cracinae
3081:(guans)
3041:Penelope
2952:Cracidae
2766:Alectura
2642:Tragopan
2636:Pucrasia
2537:Pavonini
2505:– grouse
2495:– turkey
2404:Yeh 1997
2283:Hou 1985
2253:Bantamyx
2189:Cyrtonyx
2134:Oreortyx
2074:Nanortyx
1971:Family †
1967:Phasiani
1865:Cracinae
1854:Penelope
1817:(Guans)
1771:Cracidae
1741:(Maleos)
1705:Alectura
1601:Family †
1558:Pirortyx
1546:Family †
1508:Family †
1483:Family †
1399:Yeh 1980
1160:Amitabha
1115:Cenozoic
1080:coracoid
1064:Turonian
827:Cracidae
728:groups.
710:phenetic
694:Cracidae
631:pheasant
619:families
576:landfowl
568:gamefowl
525:Cracidae
493:families
474:chickens
400:Synonyms
364:Cracidae
341:Temminck
303:Chordata
299:Phylum:
293:Animalia
279:Domain:
18:Gamebird
12472:P. afer
12137:A. rufa
11907:A. heyi
11773:S. afra
11450:Gallini
10604:Lophura
10524:Catreus
10076:Lyrurus
10007:L. muta
9972:Lagopus
9523:Lerwini
9492:Order:
9486:Class:
9397:Commons
8901:Neoaves
8786:Colinus
8752:Guttera
8690:Eulipoa
8511:Mergini
8375:(kiwis)
8359:(rheas)
8170:Ringing
7995:Hybrids
7990:Nesting
7945:Singing
7922:Plumage
7897:Dactyly
7867:Anatomy
7857:Outline
7847:: Aves)
7671:Bibcode
7663:Ostrich
7250:Bibcode
7101:humerus
6957:8609756
6899:Peacock
6835:7783168
6725:⁄
6682:Yucatán
6407:), the
6390:rodents
6349:), the
6299:Peafowl
6293:heather
6261:conifer
6222:), and
6204:species
6169:, and (
6135:montane
6127:migrate
6091:removed
6076:sources
6009:ratites
6001:extinct
5668:Lyrurus
5579:Lagopus
5277:Catreus
5253:Lophura
4473:Gallini
3722:Colinus
3339:Guttera
3148:Cracini
3101:Ortalis
3024:Aburria
2868:Eulipoa
2561:Gallini
2450:Lerwini
2268:Ksepka
2224:Family
2167:Colinus
2085:Neortyx
2063:Miortyx
2053:Family
2011:Guttera
2002:Family
1909:Cracini
1874:Ortalis
1844:Aburria
1769:Family
1746:Eulipoa
1645:Family
1451:Procrax
1314:, Paris
1231:Miocene
1212:Alberta
1189:Neogene
1095:extinct
1084:humerus
1022:Fossils
741:hoatzin
737:mesites
623:turkeys
564:rooster
541:deserts
509:peafowl
485:species
470:turkeys
332:Order:
309:Class:
58:improve
12815:225848
12776:365141
12763:837585
12747:NZOR:
12714:175693
12626:1GALLO
12532:Q21659
11807:Tribe
11505:Gallus
11448:Tribe
11269:Tribe
11100:Tribe
10344:Perdix
10332:Tribe
10283:Tribe
10146:Bonasa
10029:Tetrao
9865:Grouse
9859:Tribe
9797:Tribe
9758:Tribe
9599:Tribe
9560:Tribe
9521:Tribe
9409:Portal
9285:(owls)
8759:Numida
8697:Leipoa
8580:Chauna
8573:Anhima
8268:Genera
8242:Imping
8160:Human
8000:Colony
7927:Vision
7912:Flight
7689:
7661:spp".
7504:
7438:
7393:
7336:et al.
7332:et al.
7328:et al.
7284:
7276:
7268:
7224:et al.
7220:et al.
7209:(2003)
7207:et al.
7191:
7127:et al.
7123:et al.
7083:(1996)
7081:et al.
7070:(2006)
7068:et al.
7032:27 May
6998:27 May
6964:
6954:
6911:
6883:et al.
6879:et al.
6877:Smith
6866:et al.
6862:et al.
6858:et al.
6842:
6832:
6751:Mexico
6712:, and
6706:Africa
6702:Canada
6571:snails
6445:cobras
6378:larvae
6375:beetle
6187:Africa
6021:evolve
5951:, and
5941:Grouse
5937:genera
5651:Tetrao
5435:Bonasa
5128:Perdix
4516:Gallus
3363:Numida
2737:Leipoa
2639:, and
2611:Europe
2596:tribes
2569:Tribe
2559:Tribe
2549:Tribe
2535:Tribe
2515:Tribe
2508:Tribe
2498:Tribe
2491:Tribe
2481:Tribe
2471:Tribe
2461:Tribe
2456:, 1939
2448:Tribe
2438:, 1850
2272:, 2022
2270:et al.
2021:Numida
1694:Leipoa
1655:Mwalau
1274:– the
1185:Eocene
700:as an
560:gallus
513:grouse
460:is an
343:, 1820
102:Eocene
47:, but
12810:WoRMS
12797:Plazi
12789:39330
12701:11922
12696:IRMNG
12639:10702
9533:Lerwa
8529:swans
8491:ducks
8461:fowls
8256:Lists
7880:Brain
7845:class
7841:Birds
7687:S2CID
7502:S2CID
7482:(PDF)
7436:S2CID
7282:S2CID
7205:Dyke
6793:(PDF)
6782:(PDF)
6747:Texas
6567:slugs
6441:India
6185:) of
6013:rails
5961:clade
5879:like
5016:Lerwa
3191:Pauxi
2647:et al
2600:et al
1930:Pauxi
1220:avian
1088:basal
1042:near
722:basal
702:order
674:basal
629:- or
582:, or
478:quail
466:birds
462:order
320:Clade
12740:8976
12735:NCBI
12709:ITIS
12670:GBIF
12621:EPPO
12613:7589
12582:BOLD
11197:Pavo
9488:Aves
7902:Eggs
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