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In an age when restorations to Roman sculptures were broadly conceived and the refinishing of whole surfaces was still common practice, Hamilton maintained a reputation as an honest man who did not tamper unduly with the sculptures that passed through his hands. Hamilton sold many of the works of art
342:
in Tivoli in 1769–1771, at first to acquire marble for his sculptor to restore sculptures. His excavators reopened the outlet of a low-lying swampy area and "after some weeks' work underground by lamp-light and up to the knees in muddy water" retrieved sculptures from the muck, where they had been
182:, and with them visited Naples and Venice. On returning to Britain, he spent several years portrait-painting in London (1751–1756). At the end of that period, he returned to Rome. He lived there for the next four decades, until his death in 1798.
448:
434:, as the Pope claimed one-third of all excavated works and had the right to forbid export of outstanding treasures. In addition, Hamilton paid landowners for excavating rights, so kept his peace with them.
343:
thrown centuries before with timber when
Christians levelled the sacred grove.(Smith 1901:308). From 1771 Hamilton excavated other sites in the environs of Rome: Cardinal
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497:
410:, a young sculptor whom he met at a dinner party in December 1779 on Canova's first visit to Rome. The painter advised the younger man to put aside his early,
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478:
430:
Such hunting and sale of antiquities was considered a marginally shady undertaking. Hamilton was successful in making generous offerings to the
Vatican's
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924:
383:, to whom the painter wrote: "the most valuable acquisition a man of refined taste can make, is a piece of fine Greek Sculpture"; and to
414:
manner and concentrate on conflating the study of nature with the best of antiquities and a narrow range of classic modern sculptors.
774:
939:
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527:
Ilaria
Bignamini, 'British Conquerors of the Marbles, 1 Gavin Hamilton as Archaeologist', in Ilaria Bignamini and Clare Hornsby,
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under the
Professor of Humanity at the age of 15. By 1744 he was in Italy, and probably studied in Rome in the studio of
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Gavin
Hamilton's long series of letters to Lord Shelburne survive. Other purchasers included the Hon. Charles Greville,
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and reproduced, these were disseminated widely and enormously influential. Also influential was
Hamilton's
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641:
396:
522:
The Life & Letters of Gavin
Hamilton (1723–1798): Artist & Art Dealer in Eighteenth-Century Rome
427:
and sent it to London for sale. His purchase was the version now held by the
National Gallery, London.
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272:
208:
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21 (1901), pp. 306–321; Irwin, David. (1962) "Gavin
Hamilton: Archaeologist, Painter and Dealer", in
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507:
323:
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207:, intended to have a pictorial impact equivalent to the epic grandeur of Homer as identified by
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248:(1784). Like most later paintings of the scene, it placed it over Lucretia's dead body. In
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150:, who is more widely remembered for his searches for antiquities in the neighbourhood of
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Aside from a few portraits of friends, the
Hamilton family, and British people on the
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549:
A Dictionary of British and Irish Travellers to Italy, 1701–1800, Compiled from the
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This inspired a series of "oath paintings" by European painters, which included
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at Shelburne, later Lansdowne House, London. In 1771 Hamilton discovered the
294:. He was less widely appreciated in Britain, though his patrons included the
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38:
388:
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and others in Rome. He received a commission to paint the altar piece of
189:, most of his paintings, many of which are very large, were of classical
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133:
61:
154:. These roles in combination made him an arbiter of neoclassical taste.
714:
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186:
57:
374:
Gavin Hamilton by Christopher Hewetson, Hunterian Art Gallery, Glasgow
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558:
David Irwin, 'Gavin Hamilton Archaeologist, Painter and Dealer', in
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B. Cassidy, 'Gavin Hamilton, Thomas Pitt and statues for Stowe', in
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As a painter of classical subjects, Hamilton was highly regarded by
287:, the Scottish national church in Rome, for which he portrayed the
94:
65:
673:
David Irwin, "Gavin Hamilton: Archaeologist, Painter, and Dealer"
844:. Engraved by James Caldwell from the painting by Gavin Hamilton.
32:
347:'s Tor Colombaro, 1771–72, Albano, 1772, Monte Cagnolo 1772–73,
627:
A. H. Smith, 'Gavin Hamilton's Letters to Charles Townley', in
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276:
174:. From 1748 to 1750 he shared an apartment with James Stuart,
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203:
198:
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A. H. Smith, "Gavin Hamilton's Letters to Charles Townley,"
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subjects. His most famous is a cycle of six paintings from
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79:
318:. Among the artists who sought his favour and advice were
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for his Villa Albani, and his fellow antiquities hunter,
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he recovered to his British clients, most notably to
751:Irwin 1962:89, noting J.T. Smith's assessment in
399:, a connoisseur and the British envoy at Naples.
16:Scottish neoclassical history painter (1723–1798)
871:
529:Digging And Dealing in Eighteenth-Century Rome
263:Pastel portrait of Gavin Hamilton (detail) by
213:An Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer
696:, National Galleries of Scotland, pp. 14 - 23
688:
686:
850:Works in the National Galleries of Scotland
166:, Scotland in 1723, he matriculated at the
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534:M. Cima, 'Gavin Hamilton a Gabii ...', in
31:
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789:for his museum at the Vatican, Cardinal
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258:
872:
597:Scotland and the Origins of Modern Art
545:; 146 (2004 December), p. 806–814
470:Douglas Hamilton, 8th Duke of Hamilton
76:4 January 1798 (aged 74–75)
819:(Yale University Press) 1981, p. 66f.
935:People of the Scottish Enlightenment
815:Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny,
710:Scottish Painting: Ramsay to Raeburn
485:Venus giving Paris Helen as his wife
385:William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne
338:, Hamilton undertook excavations at
437:He died in Rome on 4 January 1798.
402:Gavin Hamilton worked closely with
13:
925:18th-century Scottish male artists
718:No. 17, Summer 1984, pp. 25 - 29,
694:Scots in Italy in the 18th Century
664:A Grande História da Arte (Vol 16)
618:Scots in Italy in the 18th Century
585:No. 17, Summer 1984, pp. 25 - 29,
562:; 44:2 (1962 June), p. 87–102
531:(2010. Yale U.P.), p. 194–207
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351:1774–75, the Villa Fonseca on the
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536:Villa Borghese: storia e gestione
736:The Journal of Hellenic Studies,
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477:
462:
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940:Expatriates in the Papal States
809:
629:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
363:), ca 1775 Castel di Guido and
254:overthrow of the Roman monarchy
215:(1735), and also influenced by
920:18th-century Scottish painters
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622:National Galleries of Scotland
603:, London (2023), pp. 26 - 64,
508:Pontifical Scots College, Rome
1:
885:18th-century British painters
855:A biography of Gavin Hamilton
712:, in Parker, Geoffrey (ed.),
579:, in Parker, Geoffrey (ed.),
406:. He was an early advisor of
781:, James Hugh Smith-Barry of
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252:it is made later, after the
221:Treatise on Ancient Painting
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642:William Hamilton (diplomat)
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231:(1760s), also known as the
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956:
785:, Cheshire, and, in Rome,
692:Skinner, Basil C. (1966),
538:, ed. A. Campitelli (2005)
440:
404:Giovanni Battista Piranesi
285:Sant'Andrea degli Scozzesi
273:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
865:2 works from Tate Britain
553:Archive by John Ingamells
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30:
23:
860:4 works from the ArtFund
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417:In 1785 Hamilton bought
900:Scottish archaeologists
880:People from Lanarkshire
753:Nollekins and His Times
504:Martyrdom of St. Andrew
334:. As an art dealer and
223:(1740). As engraved by
930:Scottish male painters
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680:.2 (June 1962:87–102).
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106:Scottish Enlightenment
895:Scottish antiquarians
890:Neoclassical painters
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817:Taste and the Antique
764:Quoted Irwin 1962:88.
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262:
168:University of Glasgow
834:Act V, Scene III of
432:Museo Pio-Clementino
397:Sir William Hamilton
915:British art dealers
570:Scottish Painting:
555:(1997), p. 447
543:Burlington Magazine
487:(1782–84), held by
424:Virgin of the Rocks
245:Oath of the Horatii
240:Jacques-Louis David
176:Matthew Brettingham
41:, 1778, pencil, NGS
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595:Duncan Macmillan,
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361:Villa dei Quintili
304:Viscount Palmerson
269:
265:Archibald Skirving
136:– 4 January 1798,
37:Gavin Hamilton by
791:Alessandro Albani
742:44:2, pp. 87–102;
706:Macmillan, Duncan
609:978-1-84822-633-3
520:B. Cassidy, ed.,
455:Elizabeth Gunning
419:Leonardo da Vinci
332:Alexander Nasmyth
279:, young sculptor
229:Death of Lucretia
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806:Irwin 1962:87ff.
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787:Pope Clement XIV
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566:Duncan Macmillan
560:The Art Bulletin
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395:. He sold it to
314:, Lord Hope and
209:Thomas Blackwell
172:Agostino Masucci
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524:(2 vols., 2012)
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515:Further reading
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489:Palazzo Braschi
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393:Hadrian's Villa
381:Charles Townley
340:Hadrian's Villa
324:William Cochran
316:Sir James Grant
225:Domenico Cunego
217:George Turnbull
180:Nicholas Revett
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148:history painter
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104:Neoclassicism,
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308:Lord Shelburne
296:Duke of Dorset
281:Antonio Canova
234:Oath of Brutus
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357:Roma Vecchia
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353:Caelian Hill
345:Flavio Chigi
312:Lord Spencer
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270:
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228:
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184:
161:
145:neoclassical
129:
128:
84:Papal States
18:
910:1798 deaths
905:1723 births
836:Shakespeare
775:Lord Temple
328:David Allan
320:Anne Forbes
164:Lanarkshire
134:Lanarkshire
91:Nationality
62:Lanarkshire
874:Categories
841:Coriolanus
715:Cencrastus
582:Cencrastus
187:Grand Tour
58:Murdostoun
724:0264-0856
620:, (1966,
591:0264-0856
472:(1775–77)
457:(1752/53)
355:in Rome,
291:St Andrew
275:, writer
242:'s noted
158:Biography
118:(brother)
112:Relatives
54:1723 ODNB
708:(1984),
636:See also
162:Born in
142:Scottish
140:) was a
123:(nephew)
101:Movement
95:Scottish
66:Scotland
576:Raeburn
441:Gallery
211:in his
132:(1723,
722:
607:
589:
572:Ramsay
491:, Rome
412:Rococo
277:Goethe
267:, 1788
779:Stowe
653:Notes
365:Gabii
359:(the
349:Ostia
204:Iliad
199:Homer
195:Roman
191:Greek
720:ISSN
605:ISBN
587:ISSN
330:and
250:Livy
193:and
178:and
152:Rome
138:Rome
80:Rome
73:Died
47:Born
838:'s
777:at
574:to
421:'s
391:at
219:'s
201:'s
876::
685:^
678:44
616:,
599:,
568:,
326:,
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298:,
82:,
64:,
60:,
797:.
624:)
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236:.
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