158:
180:
650:
777:
537:
49:
187:
762:
There are two nature reserves in
Gedling, Gedling House Woods and Gedling House Meadows. These are contiguous spaces owned by Gedling Borough Council and managed by the Friends of Gedling House Woods. The woodland part of the site was designated a local nature reserve in 1992, with the meadow added
657:
Gedling
Colliery, which was the life-blood of Gedling and many of the surrounding villages, opened in 1899 and was closed in 1991. One hundred and twenty-eight men died at the colliery, which produced over a million tonnes of coal per year in the 1960s. It developed a reputation as the "pit of all
905:
713:
which was closed on 4 April 1960, or to open the old line as a part of the
Mineral Line cycleway. The original station building is now owned by a youth group. The line itself officially closed in 1995 when the line to the colliery eventually was classed as redundant.
605:, and then up the Little Ouse dyke, until he could get no further upstream. He landed at the spot which is thought to be the present-day site of All Saints' Church. Gedling has had several versions of its name including Ghellinge, Gedlinga, Geddlings, and Gettang.
351:
913:
632:
Church. It dates from the 11th century, with the oldest part of the church (the entrance) dating back to 1089 – although there have been four other churches on this site, the oldest dating back to the year 678AD.
495:, which in turn was abolished in 1974 on the creation of borough of Gedling. The population of the Gedling ward at the 2011 census was 6,817 and 111,787 for the district. Gedling was recorded in the
523:, which have become increasingly urban around Nottingham) means it can be difficult to distinguish the village of Gedling from the nearby town of Carlton, with which it has become contiguous.
1038:
877:
620:, which covers the suburbs to the east of Nottingham, including Arnold and Carlton. Village pubs are the Gedling Inn (once the Chesterfield Arms) and The Willowbrook on Main Road.
1696:
1005:
1186:
601:
times, when the Saxon chief Gedl (hence the name
Gedling, coming from the chief "Gedl" and "Ing" being Saxon for People, Gedl-Ing meaning "Gedl's People") sailed up the
1679:
165:
391:
658:
nations" because of the diversity of foreign miners who worked there: in the 1960s, 10 per cent of the colliery's workforce of 1,400 were originally from the
253:
1689:
1711:
884:
774: Victoria Retail Park, Netherfield, Cavendish Road, Westdale Lane, Adbolton Avenue, Jessops Lane, Carlton Square, Netherfield, Victoria Retail Park.
226:
1777:
375:
1159:
697:. There are a number of paths that weave their way through the woodlands and grasslands that make up the flora and fauna within the country park.
677:
Opened in March 2015 on the site of the former
Gedling Colliery, the site has views of Gedling, and from its highest point there are views across
1046:
499:
and is still a distinct settlement, although residential, commercial and industrial growth in the wider borough of
Gedling and the neighbouring
1394:
1716:
1701:
1706:
1145:
1657:
1436:
1097:
1013:
435:
17:
1232:
368:
337:
1123:
179:
1721:
1772:
617:
399:
35:
710:
363:
1741:
1736:
1731:
857:
26A: Nottingham, Carlton Hill, Gedling, Carlton-le-Willows (School), Burton Joyce, Lowdham, Southwell (Minster School).
488:
113:
1684:
824:
584:
427:
132:
806:
726:, Wood Lane, Gedling for 11-to-18 year olds. The Gedling School closed to pupils in 2016 after becoming an Academy.
566:
85:
961:
417:
1069:
1746:
380:
325:
289:
1446:
802:
641:
In 1931 the parish had a population of 2822. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with
Carlton.
562:
92:
70:
1429:
219:
1366:"44A - Gedling to Nottingham, via Colwick Industrial Estate, Racecourse P&R | Nottingham City Transport"
1592:
157:
1619:
99:
1385:
1726:
1624:
1572:
723:
706:
1557:
1310:"26A - Southwell Minster School to Nottingham, via Burton Joyce, Lowdham | Nottingham City Transport"
838:
422:
1338:"N26 - via NTU Brackenhurst, Thurgarton, Lowdham, Burton Joyce, Gedling | Nottingham City Transport"
81:
1547:
1537:
1532:
1422:
798:
787:
558:
547:
492:
303:
66:
1674:
1527:
1465:
791:
613:
551:
59:
887:
775: Victoria Retail Park, Netherfield, Emerys Road, Stoke
Bardolph, Burton Joyce, Foxhill Road.
649:
356:
957:
854:
26: Nottingham, Carlton Hill, Gedling, Carlton-le-Willows, Burton Joyce, Lowdham, Southwell.
735:
666:
235:
8:
1587:
1504:
1489:
504:
1629:
1577:
1499:
1494:
1484:
1414:
739:
609:
520:
500:
476:
271:
243:
31:
1562:
1479:
869:
44A: Nottingham, Sneinton
Hermitage, Colwick Industrial Estate, Netherfield, Gedling.
694:
512:
106:
1767:
330:
1597:
1452:
1389:
1127:
1074:
872:
60: Nottingham, Woodborough Road, Mapperley, Westdale Lane, Gedling (Chase Farm).
863:
N26: Nottingham, Colwick, Netherfield, Gedling, Burton Joyce, Lowdham, Southwell.
678:
480:
261:
200:
1399:
1644:
1124:"Station which gave author inspiration for Lord of the Rings could be restored"
982:
690:
686:
1098:"Platforms will be installed boasting expansive views of Gedling Country Park"
1761:
496:
450:
437:
279:
935:
682:
598:
516:
472:
1365:
1337:
1323:
1309:
1281:
1351:
1295:
1267:
1253:
1131:
848:
25: Nottingham, Carlton Hill, Westdale Lane, Mapperley, Daybrook, Arnold.
629:
602:
1404:
1282:"25B - Nottingham to Mapperley, via Carlton | Nottingham City Transport"
1603:
1509:
508:
484:
318:
1582:
750:
Gedling borough has its own dedicated hyperlocal news website called
659:
313:
1187:"Nature conservation and geological sites - Gedling Borough Council"
776:
754:, which has been publishing local news on a daily basis since 2015.
536:
487:
city centre. The parish was abolished in 1935 and absorbed into the
48:
1609:
1567:
1552:
1146:"Former Sherwood Academy will be demolished and sold to developers"
1070:"How Britain's black miners are reclaiming their place in history"
866:
44: Nottingham, Sneinton
Hermitage, Colwick, Netherfield, Gedling.
608:
Despite being a fairly small place, Gedling gives its name to the
1649:
1634:
1614:
1542:
295:
1639:
1409:
1254:"24 - Victoria Retail Park to City | Nottingham City Transport"
751:
1382:
1211:
1296:"26 - Southwell to Nottingham | Nottingham City Transport"
860:
26B: Nottingham, Carlton Hill, Gedling. (Schooldays Only)
30:
This article is about the village. For the district, see
1444:
1233:"History of the Woods and Meadows – Gedling House Woods"
851:
25B: Nottingham, Carlton Hill, Westdale Lane, Mapperley.
705:
There are plans to either reopen the railway line from
483:, England. It lies 4 miles (6.4 km) north-east of
983:"Relationships and changes Gedling CP/AP through time"
1324:"26B - Gedling to City | Nottingham City Transport"
845:
24: Nottingham, Carlton Hill, Victoria Retail Park.
653:
The 'Pit of Nations' mosaic at Gedling Country Park
73:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1352:"44 - Gedling to City | Nottingham City Transport"
958:"Population statistics Gedling CP/AP through time"
1268:"25 - Arnold to City | Nottingham City Transport"
689:. On a clear day it is possible to see as far as
1759:
912:. Office for National Statistics. Archived from
1430:
628:In the older part of Gedling is All Hallows'
1039:"Gedling Colliery – 20 years since closure"
1003:
805:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
565:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1437:
1423:
1658:List of civil parishes in Nottinghamshire
1067:
1033:
1031:
825:Learn how and when to remove this message
585:Learn how and when to remove this message
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
1778:Former civil parishes in Nottinghamshire
1006:"Bygones: Tragedies at Gedling Colliery"
648:
738:convenience store on Arnold Lane and a
515:(as well as the Derbyshire boroughs of
14:
1760:
1121:
1095:
1068:Perraudin, Frances (24 October 2016).
1028:
1418:
1395:History of Gedling (background music)
803:adding citations to reliable sources
770:
563:adding citations to reliable sources
530:
71:adding citations to reliable sources
42:
36:Gedling (UK Parliament constituency)
1184:
475:which gives its name to the larger
27:Village in Nottinghamshire, England
24:
1122:Barlow, Jamie (28 November 2017).
1096:Barlow, Jamie (16 November 2019).
985:. A Vision of Britain through Time
878:Nottingham Minibuses & Coaches
757:
700:
25:
1789:
1376:
597:Gedling was first settled around
962:A Vision of Britain through Time
775:
612:which has its offices in nearby
535:
185:
178:
156:
47:
1405:Friends of Gedling Country Park
1358:
1344:
1330:
1316:
1302:
1288:
1274:
1260:
1246:
1225:
1204:
1178:
1152:
1138:
766:
672:
636:
186:
58:needs additional citations for
1115:
1089:
1061:
997:
975:
950:
928:
906:"Gedling Ward population 2011"
898:
13:
1:
891:
742:supermarket on Gedling Road.
1680:Parliamentary constituencies
717:
162:Parish Church of All Hallows
34:. For the constituency, see
7:
1773:Villages in Nottinghamshire
729:
644:
220:OS grid reference
145:Human settlement in England
10:
1794:
1717:Grade II* listed buildings
1185:Council, Gedling Borough.
724:Carlton le Willows Academy
707:Nottingham railway station
618:parliamentary constituency
526:
29:
1667:
1518:
1472:
1460:
839:Nottingham City Transport
623:
408:
390:
386:
374:
362:
350:
346:
336:
324:
312:
302:
288:
270:
252:
234:
218:
210:
173:
155:
150:
1712:Grade I listed buildings
910:Neighbourhood Statistics
745:
722:The local school is the
616:, and also to the local
471:is a village and former
18:Gedling, Nottinghamshire
1383:Gedling Borough Council
711:Gedling railway station
665:The site was opened as
214:6,817 (Ward. 2016)
681:and into neighbouring
654:
326:Postcode district
1473:Boroughs or districts
1212:"Gedling House Woods"
652:
610:local borough council
799:improve this section
667:Gedling Country Park
559:improve this section
304:Sovereign state
67:improve this article
1722:Scheduled monuments
1645:West Bridgford
1588:Mansfield Woodhouse
1521:(cities in italics)
1505:Newark and Sherwood
1461:Unitary authorities
1400:Gedling – A History
1388:23 May 2003 at the
1164:Sainsbury's website
447: /
1702:Places of interest
1630:Sutton-in-Ashfield
1578:Kirkby-in-Ashfield
1191:www.gedling.gov.uk
916:on 16 January 2017
669:on 28 March 2015.
655:
501:city of Nottingham
477:Borough of Gedling
392:UK Parliament
338:Dialling code
32:Borough of Gedling
1755:
1754:
1563:Harworth Bircotes
1519:Major settlements
1447:Ceremonial county
1049:on 31 August 2022
1004:Nottingham Post.
835:
834:
827:
736:Sainsbury's Local
695:Lincoln Cathedral
595:
594:
587:
466:
465:
254:Shire county
143:
142:
135:
117:
16:(Redirected from
1785:
1742:Lord Lieutenants
1455:
1449:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1160:"Store overview"
1156:
1150:
1149:
1148:. 18 March 2019.
1142:
1136:
1135:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1045:. Archived from
1035:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1012:. Archived from
1001:
995:
994:
992:
990:
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
932:
926:
925:
923:
921:
902:
830:
823:
819:
816:
810:
779:
771:
590:
583:
579:
576:
570:
539:
531:
511:and district of
462:
461:
459:
458:
457:
452:
451:52.975°N 1.081°W
448:
445:
444:
443:
440:
414:
298:
230:
229:
199:Location within
189:
188:
182:
160:
148:
147:
138:
131:
127:
124:
118:
116:
75:
51:
43:
21:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1663:
1652:
1598:Newark-on-Trent
1520:
1514:
1468:
1456:
1453:Nottinghamshire
1451:
1445:
1443:
1390:Wayback Machine
1379:
1374:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1128:Nottingham Post
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1075:theguardian.com
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1010:Nottingham Post
1002:
998:
988:
986:
981:
980:
976:
966:
964:
956:
955:
951:
941:
939:
934:
933:
929:
919:
917:
904:
903:
899:
894:
831:
820:
814:
811:
796:
780:
769:
760:
758:Nature Reserves
748:
732:
720:
703:
701:Railway station
679:Nottinghamshire
675:
647:
639:
626:
591:
580:
574:
571:
556:
540:
529:
481:Nottinghamshire
455:
453:
449:
446:
441:
438:
436:
434:
433:
432:
428:Nottinghamshire
412:
404:
369:Nottinghamshire
357:Nottinghamshire
294:
284:
266:
262:Nottinghamshire
248:
225:
224:
206:
205:
204:
203:
201:Nottinghamshire
197:
196:
195:
194:
190:
169:
163:
146:
139:
128:
122:
119:
76:
74:
64:
52:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1791:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Country houses
1704:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1378:
1377:External links
1375:
1372:
1371:
1357:
1343:
1329:
1315:
1301:
1287:
1273:
1259:
1245:
1224:
1203:
1177:
1151:
1137:
1114:
1102:nottinghampost
1088:
1060:
1027:
1016:on 14 May 2014
996:
974:
949:
927:
896:
895:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
881:
880:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
842:
841:
833:
832:
783:
781:
774:
768:
765:
759:
756:
747:
744:
731:
728:
719:
716:
709:and to reopen
702:
699:
691:Belvoir Castle
687:Leicestershire
674:
671:
646:
643:
638:
635:
625:
622:
593:
592:
543:
541:
534:
528:
525:
503:, boroughs of
489:urban district
464:
463:
456:52.975; -1.081
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
413:List of places
409:
406:
405:
403:
402:
396:
394:
388:
387:
384:
383:
378:
372:
371:
366:
360:
359:
354:
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
334:
333:
328:
322:
321:
316:
310:
309:
308:United Kingdom
306:
300:
299:
292:
286:
285:
283:
282:
276:
274:
268:
267:
265:
264:
258:
256:
250:
249:
247:
246:
240:
238:
232:
231:
227:SK 61703 42390
222:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
198:
192:
191:
184:
183:
177:
176:
175:
174:
171:
170:
161:
153:
152:
144:
141:
140:
55:
53:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1790:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1748:
1747:High Sheriffs
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1690:by population
1688:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1367:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1339:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1255:
1249:
1234:
1228:
1213:
1207:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1166:. Sainsbury's
1165:
1161:
1155:
1147:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
984:
978:
963:
959:
953:
937:
931:
915:
911:
907:
901:
897:
886:
883:
882:
879:
876:
875:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
843:
840:
837:
836:
829:
826:
818:
808:
804:
800:
794:
793:
789:
784:This section
782:
778:
773:
772:
764:
755:
753:
743:
741:
737:
727:
725:
715:
712:
708:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
670:
668:
663:
661:
651:
642:
634:
631:
621:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
589:
586:
578:
568:
564:
560:
554:
553:
549:
544:This section
542:
538:
533:
532:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:Domesday Book
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
460:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
411:
410:
407:
401:
398:
397:
395:
393:
389:
385:
382:
381:East Midlands
379:
377:
373:
370:
367:
365:
361:
358:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
339:
335:
332:
329:
327:
323:
320:
317:
315:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
291:
287:
281:
280:East Midlands
278:
277:
275:
273:
269:
263:
260:
259:
257:
255:
251:
245:
242:
241:
239:
237:
233:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
202:
181:
172:
167:
159:
154:
149:
137:
134:
126:
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84: –
83:
79:
78:Find sources:
72:
68:
62:
61:
56:This article
54:
50:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1656:
1653:
1602:
1360:
1346:
1332:
1318:
1304:
1290:
1276:
1262:
1248:
1238:15 September
1236:. Retrieved
1227:
1217:15 September
1215:. Retrieved
1206:
1196:15 September
1194:. Retrieved
1190:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1163:
1154:
1140:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1073:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1042:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:the original
1009:
999:
987:. Retrieved
977:
965:. Retrieved
952:
940:. Retrieved
938:. Britannica
930:
918:. Retrieved
914:the original
909:
900:
821:
815:January 2024
812:
797:Please help
785:
767:Bus services
761:
749:
740:Co-operative
733:
721:
704:
683:Lincolnshire
676:
673:Country park
664:
656:
640:
637:Civil parish
627:
607:
596:
581:
572:
557:Please help
545:
517:Amber Valley
473:civil parish
468:
467:
129:
120:
110:
103:
96:
89:
77:
65:Please help
60:verification
57:
40:
1593:Netherfield
1410:Gedling Eye
1132:Local World
1107:13 December
1043:DEN project
752:Gedling Eye
734:There is a
603:River Trent
454: /
168:Arnold Lane
1762:Categories
1620:Stapleford
1604:Nottingham
1510:Rushcliffe
1466:Nottingham
1081:24 October
892:References
575:April 2014
509:Rushcliffe
485:Nottingham
439:52°58′30″N
319:Nottingham
211:Population
123:April 2014
93:newspapers
1654:See also:
1625:Southwell
1583:Mansfield
1573:Kimberley
1500:Mansfield
1485:Bassetlaw
936:"Gedling"
786:does not
763:in 2007.
718:Education
660:Caribbean
546:does not
442:1°04′52″W
376:Ambulance
314:Post town
82:"Gedling"
1610:Ollerton
1568:Hucknall
1558:Eastwood
1553:Cotgrave
1490:Broxtowe
1480:Ashfield
1386:Archived
942:8 August
730:Shopping
645:Colliery
630:Anglican
513:Ashfield
505:Broxtowe
236:District
1768:Gedling
1737:Museums
1732:Schools
1727:History
1650:Worksop
1635:Tuxford
1615:Retford
1548:Carlton
1543:Bulwell
1538:Bingham
1533:Beeston
1495:Gedling
1170:8 April
989:25 July
967:25 July
920:9 April
807:removed
792:sources
567:removed
552:sources
527:History
521:Erewash
493:Carlton
469:Gedling
423:England
400:Gedling
296:England
290:Country
244:Gedling
193:Gedling
151:Gedling
107:scholar
1685:Places
1668:Topics
1640:Warsop
1528:Arnold
1053:14 May
1020:14 May
624:Church
614:Arnold
352:Police
272:Region
109:
102:
95:
88:
80:
1697:SSSIs
746:Media
599:Saxon
166:A6211
164:from
114:JSTOR
100:books
1675:Flag
1240:2023
1219:2023
1198:2023
1172:2014
1109:2019
1083:2016
1055:2014
1022:2014
991:2023
969:2023
944:2018
922:2016
790:any
788:cite
693:and
685:and
550:any
548:cite
519:and
507:and
364:Fire
342:0115
86:news
1450:of
801:by
561:by
491:of
479:in
331:NG4
69:by
1764::
1189:.
1162:.
1130:.
1126:.
1100:.
1072:.
1041:.
1030:^
1008:.
960:.
908:.
662:.
418:UK
1438:e
1431:t
1424:v
1368:.
1354:.
1340:.
1326:.
1312:.
1298:.
1284:.
1270:.
1256:.
1242:.
1221:.
1200:.
1174:.
1134:.
1111:.
1085:.
1057:.
1024:.
993:.
971:.
946:.
924:.
828:)
822:(
817:)
813:(
809:.
795:.
588:)
582:(
577:)
573:(
569:.
555:.
136:)
130:(
125:)
121:(
111:·
104:·
97:·
90:·
63:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
