General Tinio - Knowledge

1003: 5157: 1056:, Mapisong was elevated to a town by a Royal Decree, becoming Peñaranda, and Papaya thus became one of its barrios. The establishment of churches, evolving political boundaries, together with the unique geographical features of the land—rivers, mountain ranges, and fertile plains—not only influenced the governance and development of the region but also helped shape the distinct cultural practices, beliefs, and daily lives of the people in Papaya. The adaptation of the local communities to their surroundings contributed significantly to their resilience, agricultural practices, and communal traditions, which remain a vital part of their identity today. 1388: 5169: 330: 1272: 5193: 1377: 1364: 305: 5207: 1061: 290: 1330:, a local figure who played an influential role in nurturing the musical culture of the town. Known as "Inkong Pedro," Bautista was originally a caretaker of the public cemetery, located in the outskirts of the town which is what is now Barangay San Pedro. Bautista was among the first settlers in the area—living near the cemetery. He became not only the cemetery’s custodian but also a de facto community leader. Because of his dedication, people often came to him for guidance and help. 1124:, meaning "small river," was given by Spanish soldiers who were impressed by the small river that ran through the area, providing water and facilitating transportation. Rio Chico was known for its fertile lands along the riverbanks, which allowed the community to thrive. The pioneering families—the Riveras and the Gonzaleses—settled along the river and became the foundation of the community, contributing significantly to the early development of the town. 6238: 137: 5181: 5121: 5145: 87: 46: 6161: 6178: 6153: 5133: 6132: 337: 275: 3829:

farm products that contribute significantly to the town’s food supply. The town was named after Mamerto Ramos Padolina (1845-1923), a katipunero and a komandante during the Philippine revolution; who was born at Sitio Papaya, Barrio Mapisong (now Peñaranda), town of Gapan, in the province of Pampanga. Padolina was also one of the three leaders who pushed the agenda to turn Papaya into a town.

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source of income. Moreover, proficiency in playing instruments has opened doors for these individuals to secure scholarships and pursue higher education by joining the military band or police bands, where they receive free college education and a stable career. These opportunities have helped transform the lives of many aspiring musicians, allowing them to uplift their families from poverty.

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Other industries include furniture and fixtures, backyard poultry, cattle and livestock, vegetable production and minor agricultural livelihoods like duck raising. "Ikmo" or betel leaves production is one dying symbol of the town. The practice of chewing betel leaves by the older generation was not adopted by the younger generation even though of its reported natural anti-cancer formula.

1015:(about 1852). They often have trouble finding one another in the uncharted wilderness. In one of their patrols, they decided on a meeting point—a tall papaya tree that stood conspicuously in what is now the site of the old Sto. Cristo Catholic Church. This papaya tree served as a guiding landmark and became the designated meeting spot for the soldiers, eventually giving the area its name: 2373: 4962:, located in General Tinio, is a popular destination for swimming, particularly during summer and on Black Saturday, when it fills with locals and visitors. The park features several caves that can be explored, and a notable stone ledge about 15 meters high serves as a natural springboard into the river below, offering a thrilling experience for visitors.. 1338:, to honor Saint Peter, who, in Christian tradition, is the keeper of the keys to Heaven. The cemetery represented the final resting place, and Bautista felt that naming it after the saint would be more appropriate. Thus, the barangay was named San Pedro, recognizing both his contributions and the cultural significance of the area. 3707:

as its first teacher in 1941. However, the outbreak of the war led to the closure of the school, and during the conflict between the Hukbalahaps and the USAFFE guerrillas, the sitio was ultimately evacuated, leaving it extinct. Many former residents moved to Barangay Rio Chico or the poblacion area of Papaya (now General Tinio).

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the life of the one that passed away. On the day of the burial, the coffin is usually brought to the church or to the cemetery by a carroza and family or friends follow by walking up to the church or cemetery which is followed by the brass band. This procession allows everyone on the trail to bid goodbye to the deceased.

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Due to his dedication, General Tinio became known as the "Brass Band Capital of the Philippines." The resolution for the statue was initiated by the Barangay Council of San Pedro and endorsed by the Municipal Council of General Tinio in December 2002, with the statue being unveiled on November 22, 2003.

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tubes that served as hiding places for fish. The name stuck and has been used ever since. Pias also held significance due to its agricultural potential and its position as a gateway to the rugged terrain of the Sierra Madre, which later served as a refuge for guerilla fighters during times of conflict.

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The brass band culture has become an essential pathway for many young people, especially those from poor farming families, to escape the cycle of poverty. Learning how to play musical instruments provides them with opportunities to be hired as musicians for various local events, offering an important

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Concepcion's educational facilities include East Elementary School, which enrolls 667 pupils, supported by a teaching staff of 26. There are also 64 businesses and a slaughterhouse, enhancing the barangay’s economic activities. Irrigable land of 25 hectares further underscores its agricultural value.

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During the Japanese occupation, Baste became a key hiding place for the Hukbalahaps and Filipino guerrillas, making it an important part of the resistance movement. At its peak, the sitio had around forty scattered houses, and a schoolhouse was built in the central part, with Mrs. Asuncion B. Pajimna

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The town of General Tinio, previously known as Papaya, has a rich and storied history rooted in the confluence of three barrios of the young town of Peñaranda: Papaya, Rio Chico, and Pias. These three barrios formed the foundation of the town, contributing to its development from a wilderness into a

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Renamed in 1957 to honor revolutionary leader General Manuel Tinio, the town has since developed into a thriving agricultural hub known for its rich cultural festivals - like the Kalamay Festival - and natural attractions like Minalungao National Park. The town’s inspiring history, resilient leaders,

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The celebration of town and barrio fiestas is a significant part of General Tinio's culture, following traditions established before and after the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. The good harvest is usually celebrated with a fiesta and General Tinio celebrates with the country the Flores de

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Wakes are usually done at home so family, friends and neighbors could share stories and commemorate the life of the one departed, console the bereaved family and allow old ties to reconnect. A brass band is usually hired, especially on the last night of the wake both to with the tunes that reminisce

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This is among the earliest established barangays in General Tinio, known for its strategic location along the national and provincial roads, making it one of the municipality's commercial hubs. With a land area of 219.20 hectares, it is just 1.2 kilometers away from the municipal hall. Concepcion is

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Established in 1965, Barangay Padolina covers a land area of 573.20 hectares. The lowest point in the municipality, about 40 meters above sea level, can be found here, with the Peñaranda River flowing nearby. This fertile land is one of the major agricultural hubs of General Tinio, producing various

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Bago is one of the oldest barangays, covering 1,185.55 hectares. It serves as a key livestock development area and is home to the Bago-Nazareth Memorial Park. The barangay's irrigation facilities support 45 hectares of agricultural land, while its four schools collectively serve over 1,500 students.

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Farming is the livelihood of majority of the residents. Even though located at the foot of the Sierra Madre Mountain Ridges, the topography is generally plain ideal to agricultural products such as palay and vegetables. A number of poultry broiler contract growers are located in the municipality.

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In December 31, 1972, during the martial Law period, P.D 86 Creating Citizen Assemblies revised the Barrio Charter (RA 3590). This was further amended by P.D. 86-A Strengthening and Defining the Role of Barangays (Citizens Assemblies) in January 5, 1973. Under the leadership of Mayor Nicanor Bulacan

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The original families in the area are the Rivera and Gonzales. The sitio of Baste (now known as Barangay Bago), located northeast of Rio Chico near the Sierra Madre Mountains, was an important agricultural site and served as an evacuation center during World War II. Baste was also a hiding place for

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Mountains and bordered by the Peñaranda River, Rio Chico River, and several other streams, the town’s hilly terrain and dense wild vegetation made it a natural refuge for insurgents resisting colonization during the Spanish, American, and Japanese occupations. These physical barriers allowed freedom

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This tow is formerly known as "Ilog na Munti," got its name from the small river that runs through the area. During the early days of Spanish rule, a few groups of Negritos inhabited this place, and later clearings were opened by neighboring townspeople. The name "Ilog na Munti" was translated into

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When the time came to name the barangay during the 1970's, Pedro Bautista was suggested as the namesake since he had been a longstanding figure in managing the cemetery and assisting the people who settled in the area. However, Bautista declined the proposal to name the area "Barangay Pedro," as he

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issued Executive Order No. 30, officially separating Barrio Papaya, along with Barrio Rio Chico and Barrio Pias, from the town of Peñaranda. This separation became effective on January 1, 1921, marking the beginning of Papaya as an independent municipality. This move was largely facilitated through

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A statue at the Barangay San Pedro enshrines the history of brass bands in the town and it recognizes Maestro Pedro "Bigas" Bautista as the "Ama ng Musika" (Father of Music) of the town. It recognizes his influence on the youth of his time, teaching and elevating the standard of music in the area.

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In terms of education, Padolina Elementary School serves the community with 409 pupils and a student-to-teacher ratio of 1:27. Recreational facilities such as Hacienda Nicolas, Villa Ofelia Resort, and Belarmino Resort cater to various community gatherings, and the barangay also houses 40 business

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During World War II, Nazareth served as an evacuation center for both civilians and guerrilla fighters. It was a strategic location, with Juan Ramos being one of the key figures who supported guerrilla activities. The Methodist Chapel built in 1934 remains as one of the historical landmarks of the

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Padolina is notable for its irrigation system that supports 60 hectares of agricultural land, vital for local farming. Water supply is well-established, with 673 connections servicing 3,365 households, while electricity is provided to 1,521 households by NEECO II-Area 2. This barangay plays a key

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Nazareth is the gateway to the Upper Tabuating Irrigation Project, is notable for its diverse land use, which includes eco-tourism areas and residential subdivisions. Spanning 16,300 hectares, this barangay is integral for both agricultural and residential development, housing several large-scale

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Pias, the third foundational barrio, was known for its rich natural resources, including bamboo and fish, which were abundant along the banks of the river that ran through the area. According to local legend, the barrio got its name when children mispronounced the word "bias," referring to bamboo

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Originally named "Querollo" after the Querollo Creek, Barangay Nazareth emerged from its status as a sitio of Rio Chico to become an independent barrio in the early part of 1935. The original families were the families of Julian Ramos, Juan Ramos, Tomas Reyes, Isaias Madrid, Segundo Mangulabnan,

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Barangay Bago, one of the oldest barangays in the municipality of General Tinio, this used to be the sitio of Baste, which lies northeast of Rio Chico near the foot of the Sierra Madre Mountains. Sitio Baste was named after Baste Creek and was established in 1938. The first and last head of the

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Barangay Nazareth is also the starting point for rivers like Bugnan and Coronel, which provide water resources crucial for agriculture in neighboring areas. The barangay is home to Nazareth Elementary School and other facilities, making it an important community for education and agriculture in

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Barangay Palale covers a total land area of 3,816 hectares and is situated 2.2 kilometers away from the municipal hall. The main source of water is the Talictic Creek, which drains towards Palayan City and the Municipality of Laur. Despite being a geographically isolated and disadvantaged area

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of Peñaranda to becoming an independent town was a pivotal chapter in its history. On March 10, 1917, by virtue of Act No. 2711, Barrio Papaya was listed among the 27 municipalities of Nueva Ecija. However, the true formation of the independent municipality occurred on October 14, 1920, when

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General Tinio is known for its strong musical heritage, particularly in brass band performances. The town boasts the largest number of brass bands in the Philippines, with 15 organized bands actively participating in various events. These bands are highly sought after to enhance the festive

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against Spanish colonial rule. Congressman Celestino Juan sponsored a congressional act that was signed into law on June 20, 1957, as Republic Act No. 1665, officially changing the name of Papaya to General Tinio. The renaming of the town was inaugurated on August 19, 1957, recognizing the

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In 1999, under the leadership of Mayor Virgilio Abes Bote, the Local Government of General Tinio filed a territorial dispute to reclaim Barangay Palale from Palayan City. On September 7, 2006, the Supreme Court First Division, in G.R. No. 169089, ruled in favor of General Tinio, officially

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Respect for the deceased and honoring those in mourning are integral parts of the town's culture, reflected in the presence of these bands during wakes. This tradition not only pays homage to those who have passed away but also provides emotional support to the bereaved families.

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The early settlers of Baste were Cabezang Cornelio Jardiel, Cabezang Alipio Ramos, Cabezang Maximo Ramos—all from Peñaranda—and Cabezang Crisodono Mangulabnan. Baste flourished as an agricultural hub and was also an important evacuation center during World War II.

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Two accounts mark Papaya to have been in existence since 1845. One is in the biography of the Katipunero and Comandante Mamerto Padolina who was born in 1845 in Papaya. Another account is the presence of an inscription on the bell at the center of the town saying

4917:, a celebration that highlights the importance of "kalamay," a type of rice cake traditionally made in the area. This festival features various cultural performances, cooking contests, and events that promote community spirit and the heritage of Rio Chico. 4082:(GIDA), Palale continues to be an important part of General Tinio’s landscape. The barangay also plays a key role in historical origins and socio-cultural practices of the town as the population of the barangay are part of the local indigenous community. 1010:

However, according to historical accounts and the cultural life of Papaya, Nueva Ecija, , during the Spanish colonial period, the area was a vast wilderness, largely untouched except for intermittent patrols by Spanish soldiers from their headquarters in

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As the Poblacion was dissolved, these 6 new barangays were promulgated: Poblacion Central, Poblacion East, Poblacion West, San Pedro, Sampaguita, Pulong Matong. From three barrios, the town is now subdivided to twelve and are now called barangays.

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Under the command of General Urbano Lacuna of Peñaranda, Commandant Mamerto Padolina, Tentientes Jose Bulacan, Pedro Gonzales, Juan Calma, Juanso Padolina and others organized themselves to fight the Americans and the Macabebes.

4907:, celebrated annually in coincidence with the town's Foundation Anniversary, features students parading in colorful costumes inspired by papayas—a nod to the town’s former name, Papaya, before it was changed to General Tinio. 1050:. Note that the founding of the Gapan Church by the order of St. Austin and the formation of the big town is just 24 years after the Battle of Bangkusay in Tondo or 74 years after the arrival of Spain in Cebu in 1521 5498: 5547: 4085:

The decision to return Barangay Palale to General Tinio was a significant event that restored the community's historical connection to the municipality, allowing for better integration and local governance.

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plays. The Araquio features colorful and elaborate performances, blending religion with local folklore, and has become an essential part of the celebration of the Holy Cross and other barangay festivities.

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Papaya became the administrative center of the newly formed town, largely due to its strategic location and historical significance as a meeting point for the locals and visitors. It has become known as

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The remittances of numerous sons and daughters of Papaya abroad also help keep the economy of the town afloat. Papayanos can be relied to answer calls of assistance for the town's development.

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After the Barrio Papaya, with Barrio Rio Chico and Pias became a town with an elected municipal government in 1921, the Barrio of Papaya had become officially as Barrio Poblacion or "Bayan".

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the collaborative efforts of local leaders Capitan Mamerto Ramos Padolina, who was the Secretary of the Governor of the Province, along with Judge Segundo Bernardo and Francisco Padolina.

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transferring Barangay Palale back under its jurisdiction. The Barangay was previously one of the northern sitios of Barangay Nazareth before it was transferred to Palayan City in 1982.

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The town of General Tinio is deeply rooted in its cultural and religious traditions. Roman Catholicism is the most prevalent religion, complemented by other denominations such as

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A publication of the Bureau of Public Schools after World War II upon receipt of EO 486, s. 1952, which mandated all divisions the history and culture of all towns and barrios.

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When San Jose, Nueva Ecija was bombed, the Provincial Hospital was transferred to this barrio and Barrio Baste became an evacuation center of the peoples of the province.

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Sabia - this area became the headquarters of Anderson guerrillas during the Japanese occupation; this area is also famous for the local fish called Bia / Biya / Tabios /

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in honor of their respective patron saints. These small barangay fiestas are deeply connected to the cultural and religious traditions passed down through generations.

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The brass bands play in the town or invited in the different parts of the country mostly during fiestas, parades or during wakes and burial of deceased relatives.

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Spanish as "Rio Chico," which has been its official name ever since. The first Cabeza of the barrio was Anastacio Rivera, who was also regarded as its founder.

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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.

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Bal, Graciano P.; Pajimna, Conrado P.; Mangulabnan, Sulpicio B.; Abesamis, Guillermo B; Lustre, Maximo; Pajarillaga, Celso B; Abesamis, Filipinas P. (1952).

520: 5912: 1292:(1877 – 1924), the youngest general of President Emilio Aguinaldo; a prominent revolutionary leader from Nueva Ecija who played a significant role in the 5284: 4934:. Since Papaya and Pias were barrios of Peñaranda in the 1850's there is a distinctive celebration that is done on both towns and it is called the 6090: 5156: 5472: 3963:

Water supply and electricity are well-provided, with a comprehensive infrastructure network that ensures reliable service for the community.

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Sotero Quinto, Dominador Abrigos, Felisa Ramos, Candido Villar, Alfonso Fernandez, Marcelo Gonzales, Dalmacio Padolina, and Fabian Diaz.

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Aside from its vibrant musical scene, General Tinio is home to several festivals that showcase the town’s culture and history. The

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Bago’s combination of agriculture, livestock, and community facilities underlines its diverse contributions to General Tinio.

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Kaputatan - became the hiding place of prominent people in Nueva Ecija like Ex-Governor Jose Robles and the Yusons of Gapan;

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to the East where patriot insurgents fought and died; further to the east and over the mountains is the beach town and

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Sapang-bato - it was famous for its mangoes and fish and was used as an evacuation center of the barrios and towns

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Camarón que se duerme, se lo lleva la corriente. (A shrimp that falls asleep is carried away by the current.)

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Provincias Y Distritos de la Isla de Luzon. Cartographical Collection. National Library of the Philippines

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Quien olvida su historia está condenado a repetirla. (He who forgets his history is doomed to repeat it.)

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Title Page and page 25 of the Revised Administrative Code of 1917 - Act 2711 from the Malacañang Library

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barrio was Teniente del Barrio Celino Bago alias "Katyao". Later on, the Barangay was named after him.

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and strong sense of community across its barangays continue to shape its legacy and drive its progress.

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A municipality in the historic province of Nueva Ecija and was named after the youngest general of the

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Barangay Nazareth used to include the sitio of Palale which was transferred to Palayan City in 1982.

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Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007

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El que guarda cuando tiene, come cuando quiere. (He who saves when he has, eats when he wants.)

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Maipit - a place where there were many rocks and crevices where your fingers could be caught

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fighters to rest and regroup, contributing to the absence of major battles within the town.

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is also one of the biggest attraction of the town catering to numerous visitors each day.

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In addition to the larger town festivals, General Tinio's barangays each hold their own

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home to Baliwag Transit Inc., a major bus company connecting residents to Metro Manila.

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Quien siembra vientos, recoge tempestades. (He who sows the wind reaps the whirlwind.)

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Aves, these laws were executed and, by 1978, led to the creation of 6 new barangays.

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Talbac - this area is known to be populated by Negritos / Aeta or Alta; the site where

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Ang hindi marunong magmahal sa sariling wika, ay higit pa sa hayop at malansang isda.

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or Bayan. It developed into the hub of governance and commerce for the municipality.

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Cría cuervos y te sacarán los ojos. (Raise crows and they will peck your eyes out.)

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atmosphere during town fiestas and traditional rites, especially during wakes. The "

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The following have led the town from its birth in 1921 to what it had become today.

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is a 1st class municipality in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Nestled at the foot of the

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Donde hay hambre, no hay pan duro. (Where there is hunger, no bread is too hard.)

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He who does not look back at where he came from will never reach his destination.

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were incarcerated during Martial Law in the 1970’s. On the north are the towns of

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Php in 2020. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 55,925 people.

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and his wife were captured in April 1952; this place became also a stronghold of

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felt it inappropriate while he was still alive. Instead, he proposed naming it

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contributions of General Tinio to the struggle for Philippine independence.

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Samang-gogo - it used to be grazing lands for cows and carabaos; Gogo/Gugo (

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History of the other 6 Barangays from Presidential Decree (P.D.) 86 of 1972

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Bacug - a place named after the vine Bacug that was used for basket-weaving

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Barangay Kapitan / Barangay Chairman (under General Tinio 2006 - present)

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El idioma es la patria del alma. (Language is the homeland of the soul.)

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the Hukbalahaps and guerrilla fighters during the Japanese occupation.

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A nation that forgets its language is a nation that forgets its soul.

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Barangay Kapitan / Barangay Chairman (under Palayan City 1982 - 2006)

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GEO-HAZARD MAP (from the Municipal Planning and Development Office)

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This vibrant tradition of brass bands has its roots in the legacy of

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Ang di lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay di makararating sa paroroonan.

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TOPOGRAPHIC MAP (from the Department of Natural Resources, Region 3)

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The town is locally referred to as Papaya but officially called the

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If you have saved something, you will have something to take out.

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When you’re back is against the wall, you do what you got to do.

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where you will find the first minor basilica in Nueva Ecija, the

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Flood map (flood projection if flood is at 40m above sea level)

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Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay

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Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay

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Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay

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El que la sigue, la consigue. (He who perseveres, succeeds.)

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Roy Alarcon Bulacan (resigned; won as a Municipal Councilor)

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List of renamed cities and municipalities in the Philippines

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