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Geography of the Comoros

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features: La Grille in the north, with an elevation of 1,000 meters, is extinct and largely eroded; Kartala in the south, rising to a height of 2,361 meters, last erupted in 1977. A plateau averaging 600 to 700 meters high connects the two mountains. Because Grande Comore is geologically a relatively new island, its soil is thin and rocky and cannot hold water. As a result, water from the island's heavy rainfall must be stored in catchment tanks. There are no coral reefs along the coast, and the island lacks a good harbor for ships. One of the largest remnants of the Comoros' once-extensive rain forests is on the slopes of Kartala. The national capital has been at Moroni since 1962.
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annual precipitation is 2,000 millimeters (78.7 in), water is a scarce commodity in many parts of the Comoros. MohĂ©li and Mayotte possess streams and other natural sources of water, but Grande Comore and Anjouan, whose mountainous landscapes retain water poorly, are almost devoid of naturally occurring running water. Cyclones, occurring during the hot and wet season, can cause extensive damage, especially in coastal areas. On the average, at least twice each decade houses, farms, and harbor facilities are devastated by these great storms.
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in some areas. A well-developed coral reef that encircles much of the island ensures protection for ships and a habitat for fish. Dzaoudzi, capital of the Comoros until 1962 and now Mayotte's administrative center, is situated on a rocky outcropping off the east shore of the main island. Dzaoudzi is linked by a causeway to le Pamanzi, which at ten kilometers in area is the largest of several islets adjacent to Mayotte. Islets are also scattered in the coastal waters of Mayotte just as in Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Mohéli.
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is being subsidized, and efforts are being made to replace the loss of the forest cover caused by ylang-ylang distillation for perfume. The Community Development Support Fund, sponsored by the International Development Association (IDA, a World Bank affiliate) and the Comorian government, is working
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Several mammals are unique to the islands themselves. Livingstone's fruit bat, although plentiful when discovered by explorer David Livingstone in 1863, has been reduced to a population of about 120, entirely on Anjouan. The world's largest bat, the jet-black Livingstone fruit bat has a wingspan of
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Mayotte, geologically the oldest of the four islands, is thirty-nine kilometers long and twenty-two kilometers wide, totaling 375 square kilometers, and its highest points are between 500 and 600 meters above sea level. Because of greater weathering of the volcanic rock, the soil is relatively rich
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Grande Comore is the largest island, sixty-seven kilometers long and twenty-seven kilometers wide, with a total area of 1,146 square kilometers. The most recently formed of the four islands in the archipelago, it is also of volcanic origin. Two volcanoes form the island's most prominent topographic
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Anjouan, triangular shaped and forty kilometers from apex to base, has an area of 424 square kilometers. Three mountain chains — Sima, Nioumakele, and Jimilime—emanate from a central peak, Mtingui (1,575 m), giving the island its distinctive shape. Older than Grande Comore, Anjouan has deeper soil
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The climate is marine tropical, with two seasons: hot and humid from November to April, the result of the northeastern monsoon, and a cooler, drier season the rest of the year. Average monthly temperatures range from 23 to 28 Â°C (73.4 to 82.4 Â°F) along the coasts. Although the average
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Partly in response to international pressures, Comorians in the 1990s have become more concerned about the environment. Steps are being taken not only to preserve the rare fauna, but also to counteract degradation of the environment, especially on densely populated Anjouan. Specifically, to
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Mohéli is thirty kilometers long and twelve kilometers wide, with an area of 290 square kilometers. It is the smallest of the four islands and has a central mountain chain reaching 860 meters at its highest. Like Grande Comore, it retains stands of rain forest. Mohéli's capital is Fomboni.
228:(Mahoré). The islands' distance from each other—Grande Comore is some 200 kilometers from Mayotte, forty kilometers from Mohéli, and eighty kilometers from Anjouan—along with a lack of good harbor facilities, make transportation and communication difficult. Comoros are sunny islands. 151: 931:
This is a list of the extreme points of the Comoros, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location. This list excludes the French-administered island of Mayotte which is claimed by the Comorian government.
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nearly two meters. A British preservation group sent an expedition to the Comoros in 1992 to bring some of the bats to Britain to establish a breeding population.
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The islands have a total land area of 2,236 square kilometers (including Mayotte), and claim territorial waters of 320 square kilometers.
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22 species of bird are unique to the archipelago and 17 of these are restricted to the Union of the Comoros. These include the
1552: 1272: 2275: 18: 104: 1433: 2604: 1761: 1726: 1606: 1358: 1166: 908: 137: 86: 315:) originally from Madagascar, was introduced by humans prior to European colonization and is found on Mayotte. The 1520: 1479: 2102: 916: 1866: 1675: 1601: 1428: 1384: 1210: 75: 1396: 2526: 2149: 2145: 1557: 1464: 2290: 1754: 1443: 1338: 2573: 2569: 2158: 1655: 1616: 1525: 1510: 1259: 2185: 1906: 1588: 1530: 1264: 111: 2582: 2141: 2016: 2006: 1811: 1645: 1316: 2330: 2021: 1911: 1680: 1660: 1621: 1515: 1423: 1401: 1294: 2565: 2440: 2430: 2235: 2081: 2001: 1966: 1951: 1936: 1891: 1826: 1700: 1695: 1498: 1484: 1331: 335: 323:), also introduced from Madagascar by humans, can be found on the islands of Mohéli and Anjouan. 64: 2132: 2445: 2335: 2265: 1956: 1719: 1650: 1611: 1576: 1389: 1366: 196:
consists of four main islands aligned along a northwest–southeast axis at the north end of the
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possible during rainy season (December to April); volcanic activity on
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volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills
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results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing;
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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cover, but overcultivation has caused serious erosion. A
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Northernmost point – unnamed headland north-west of
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They are 2193: 2179: 1769: 1755: 1346: 1332: 1208: 1312:Indian Ocean : five island countries 960:Southernmost point - unnamed headland on 138:Learn how and when to remove this message 181: 173: 165: 157: 149: 1776: 1180: 919:(sun and relative humidity, 1931–1960) 296:Comorian waters are the habitat of the 2597: 2200: 2174: 1750: 1327: 1353: 76:adding citations to reliable sources 47: 1243: 13: 1202: 1155: 291: 170:Map of Comoros and Southern Africa 14: 2616: 1167:World Meteorological Organization 1149:Birds of the Indian Ocean Islands 926: 909:World Meteorological Organization 369:Climate data for Moroni, Comoros 2501:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 2271:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2077:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1847:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1442: 1299: 1289: 1061:Total renewable water resources: 247: 52: 1094:Environmental - current issues: 917:Danish Meteorological Institute 162:Location of Comoros (in circle) 63:needs additional citations for 1209:Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens. 1140: 1: 1188:"Average Conditions - Moroni" 1109: 1073:0.01 km/yr (48%/5%/47%) 978: 698:Average rainfall mm (inches) 1469: 946:Easternmost point – unnamed 7: 558:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 488:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10: 2621: 1295:Wikimedia Atlas of Comoros 1265:Conservation International 914: 906: 368: 354: 350: 282: 256: 231: 87:"Geography of the Comoros" 2514: 2489: 2208: 2090: 2065: 1784: 1713: 1641: 1634: 1584: 1575: 1506: 1497: 1460: 1451: 1440: 1365: 1317:Federal Research Division 859: 811: 767: 697: 627: 557: 487: 417: 412: 409: 406: 403: 400: 397: 394: 391: 388: 385: 382: 379: 376: 373: 273: 2605:Geography of the Comoros 2256:Central African Republic 1832:Central African Republic 1424:2008 invasion of Anjouan 1402:Territory of the Comoros 1211:"Comorerne - Ile Moroni" 1135:Mittermeier et al. 2010 1123:Mittermeier et al. 2010 915:Source 2: BBC weather, 270:is also its main port. 1390:Slavery in the Comoros 187: 179: 171: 163: 155: 2416:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂ­ncipe 2276:Republic of the Congo 1992:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂ­ncipe 1852:Republic of the Congo 185: 177: 169: 161: 153: 1260:Lemurs of Madagascar 1152:, Struik, Cape Town. 418:Record high °C (°F) 336:Humblot's flycatcher 72:improve this article 2491:States with limited 2067:States with limited 1778:Geography of Africa 1063:1.2 km (2011) 1057:1.3 km (2003) 1051:23.16% (2012 est.) 1008:Elevation extremes: 768:Average rainy days 628:Record low °C (°F) 193:Comoros archipelago 30: /  2202:Climate of Africa 1607:Telecommunications 1407:Colonial governors 1078:16.86 m/yr (1999) 1029:Natural resources: 328:Karthala scops-owl 309:common brown lemur 204:and the island of 198:Mozambique Channel 188: 180: 172: 164: 156: 154:Map of all islands 2592: 2591: 2518:other territories 2291:Equatorial Guinea 2168: 2167: 2094:other territories 1867:Equatorial Guinea 1744: 1743: 1709: 1708: 1630: 1629: 1571: 1570: 1548:Political parties 1521:Foreign relations 1493: 1492: 1274:978-1-934151-23-5 1251:Mittermeier, R.A. 1227:on April 27, 2013 923: 922: 814:relative humidity 332:Anjouan scops-owl 148: 147: 140: 122: 34:12.167°S 44.250°E 2612: 2579: 2578:(United Kingdom) 2574:Tristan da Cunha 2570:Ascension Island 2562: 2549: 2540: 2516:Dependencies and 2209:Sovereign states 2195: 2188: 2181: 2172: 2171: 2155: 2154:(United Kingdom) 2150:Tristan da Cunha 2146:Ascension Island 2138: 2125: 2116: 2092:Dependencies and 1785:Sovereign states 1771: 1764: 1757: 1748: 1747: 1729: 1722: 1639: 1638: 1597: 1582: 1581: 1504: 1503: 1458: 1457: 1446: 1419:Operation Azalee 1348: 1341: 1334: 1325: 1324: 1320: 1303: 1302: 1293: 1292: 1286: 1244:Literature cited 1237: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1226: 1215: 1206: 1200: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1184: 1178: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1159: 1153: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1120: 1097:soil degradation 1082:Natural hazards: 1044:permanent crops: 366: 365: 307:A hybrid of the 143: 136: 132: 129: 123: 121: 80: 56: 48: 45: 44: 42: 41: 40: 35: 31: 28: 27: 26: 23: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2614: 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Retrieved 1157: 1147: 1142: 1130: 1118: 1093: 1092: 1089:Grand Comore 1081: 1080: 1076:per capital: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1039:arable land: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1019: 1015:Indian Ocean 1011: 1007: 1006: 1001: 1000: 995: 994: 992:340 km 989: 988: 983: 982: 962:Ile Canzouni 930: 360: 340: 325: 320: 312: 306: 302: 295: 286: 277: 260: 251: 242:Somali Plate 235: 216:(Njazidja), 191: 189: 134: 128:October 2012 125: 115: 108: 101: 94: 82: 70:Please help 65:verification 62: 15: 2493:recognition 2446:South Sudan 2336:Ivory Coast 2069:recognition 2022:South Sudan 1912:Ivory Coast 1589:Agriculture 1255:Louis, E.E. 37: / 2548:(Portugal) 2506:Somaliland 2426:Seychelles 2391:Mozambique 2376:Mauritania 2361:Madagascar 2316:The Gambia 2251:Cape Verde 2124:(Portugal) 2082:Somaliland 2002:Seychelles 1967:Mozambique 1952:Mauritania 1937:Madagascar 1892:The Gambia 1827:Cape Verde 1646:Corruption 1596:(currency) 1110:References 990:Coastline: 979:Statistics 907:Source 1: 355:See also: 298:coelacanth 264:coral reef 206:Madagascar 202:Mozambique 200:, between 98:newspapers 2381:Mauritius 1957:Mauritius 1681:Languages 1661:Education 1622:Transport 1553:President 1516:Elections 1480:Volcanoes 1453:Geography 1414:1979–1989 1283:670545286 1231:April 14, 1035:Land use: 948:peninsula 268:Mutsamudu 220:(Mwali), 2599:Category 2572: / 2568: / 2561:(France) 2555: / 2533: / 2529: / 2481:Zimbabwe 2456:Tanzania 2306:Ethiopia 2301:Eswatini 2281:Djibouti 2246:Cameroon 2231:Botswana 2148: / 2144: / 2137:(France) 2131: / 2109: / 2105: / 2057:Zimbabwe 2032:Tanzania 1882:Ethiopia 1877:Eswatini 1857:Djibouti 1822:Cameroon 1807:Botswana 1736:Category 1701:Religion 1696:Olympics 1676:Holidays 1543:Military 1499:Politics 1485:Wildlife 1359:articles 1194:14 April 1172:14 April 1085:cyclones 1025:2,360 m 1023:Karthala 1002:Terrain: 996:Climate: 950:east of 812:Average 763:(106.3) 344:kerosene 2557:RĂ©union 2553:Mayotte 2544:Madeira 2539:(Spain) 2535:Melilla 2466:Tunisia 2436:Somalia 2421:Senegal 2406:Nigeria 2396:Namibia 2386:Morocco 2351:Liberia 2346:Lesotho 2296:Eritrea 2266:Comoros 2241:Burundi 2216:Algeria 2133:RĂ©union 2129:Mayotte 2120:Madeira 2115:(Spain) 2111:Melilla 2042:Tunisia 2012:Somalia 1997:Senegal 1982:Nigeria 1972:Namibia 1962:Morocco 1927:Liberia 1922:Lesotho 1872:Eritrea 1842:Comoros 1817:Burundi 1792:Algeria 1720:Outline 1651:Culture 1635:Society 1612:Tourism 1577:Economy 1475:Regions 1470:Climate 1385:Sultans 1380:Shirazi 1367:History 1355:Comoros 1101:erosion 1046:29.55% 1041:47.29% 956:Anjouan 728:(10.5) 723:(10.1) 718:(12.4) 713:(11.0) 708:(11.5) 703:(14.3) 623:(70.2) 618:(72.7) 613:(70.9) 608:(68.5) 603:(66.2) 598:(65.1) 593:(65.8) 588:(67.3) 583:(70.2) 578:(72.7) 573:(73.4) 568:(73.9) 563:(74.1) 553:(85.1) 548:(87.4) 543:(86.5) 538:(84.4) 533:(82.6) 528:(81.9) 523:(81.9) 518:(83.1) 513:(85.1) 508:(86.7) 503:(87.4) 498:(86.7) 493:(86.7) 357:Climate 351:Climate 283:Mayotte 257:Anjouan 232:Details 226:Mayotte 222:Anjouan 210:Swahili 112:scholar 25:44°15′E 22:12°10′S 2576:  2559:  2546:  2476:Zambia 2471:Uganda 2411:Rwanda 2366:Malawi 2326:Guinea 2221:Angola 2152:  2135:  2122:  2052:Zambia 2047:Uganda 1987:Rwanda 1942:Malawi 1902:Guinea 1797:Angola 1671:Health 1602:Mining 1594:Franc 1465:Cities 1357:  1308:. 1281:  1271:  1071:total: 1049:other: 966:MohĂ©li 952:Domoni 902:2,612 758:(8.6) 753:(4.3) 748:(3.8) 743:(4.3) 738:(5.9) 733:(9.6) 374:Month 274:MohĂ©li 218:MohĂ©li 114:  107:  100:  93:  85:  2531:Ceuta 2451:Sudan 2401:Niger 2356:Libya 2341:Kenya 2321:Ghana 2311:Gabon 2286:Egypt 2226:Benin 2107:Ceuta 2027:Sudan 1977:Niger 1932:Libya 1917:Kenya 1897:Ghana 1887:Gabon 1862:Egypt 1802:Benin 1727:Index 1691:Music 1686:Media 1434:Coups 1375:Bantu 1225:(PDF) 1214:(PDF) 1190:. BBC 1031:fish 984:Area: 972:Iconi 761:2,700 693:(57) 688:(66) 683:(64) 678:(61) 673:(59) 668:(57) 663:(57) 658:(57) 653:(63) 648:(68) 643:(68) 638:(68) 633:(68) 483:(97) 478:(97) 473:(93) 468:(91) 463:(88) 458:(88) 453:(88) 448:(90) 443:(91) 438:(93) 433:(95) 428:(93) 423:(93) 413:Year 119:JSTOR 105:books 2461:Togo 2371:Mali 2261:Chad 2037:Togo 1947:Mali 1837:Chad 1666:Flag 1531:LGBT 1429:Wars 1279:OCLC 1269:ISBN 1233:2013 1196:2013 1174:2013 1099:and 1017:0 m 899:212 896:230 893:237 890:221 887:232 884:236 881:231 878:232 875:192 872:225 869:177 866:187 816:(%) 807:167 621:21.2 616:22.6 611:21.6 606:20.3 601:19.0 596:18.4 591:18.8 586:19.6 581:21.2 576:22.6 571:23.0 566:23.3 561:23.4 551:29.5 546:30.8 541:30.3 536:29.1 531:28.1 526:27.7 521:27.7 516:28.4 511:29.5 506:30.4 501:30.8 496:30.4 491:30.4 410:Dec 407:Nov 404:Oct 401:Sep 398:Aug 395:Jul 392:Jun 389:May 386:Apr 383:Mar 380:Feb 377:Jan 334:and 190:The 91:news 855:71 852:72 849:69 846:73 843:70 840:65 837:65 834:66 831:69 828:74 825:76 822:77 819:79 804:16 801:12 798:12 795:11 792:10 789:12 786:12 783:12 780:18 777:18 774:16 771:18 756:219 751:108 741:108 736:150 731:244 726:266 721:256 716:316 711:279 706:293 701:364 74:by 2601:: 1315:. 1277:. 1267:. 1253:; 1216:. 1165:. 964:, 954:, 940:, 746:97 691:14 686:19 681:18 676:16 671:15 666:14 661:14 656:14 651:17 646:20 641:20 636:20 631:20 481:36 476:36 471:34 466:33 461:31 456:31 451:31 446:32 441:33 436:34 431:35 426:34 421:34 338:. 330:, 244:. 2194:e 2187:t 2180:v 1770:e 1763:t 1756:v 1347:e 1340:t 1333:v 1319:. 1285:. 1235:. 1198:. 1176:. 319:( 311:( 141:) 135:( 130:) 126:( 116:· 109:· 102:· 95:· 68:.

Index

12°10′S 44°15′E / 12.167°S 44.250°E / -12.167; 44.250

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Comoros archipelago
Mozambique Channel
Mozambique
Madagascar
Swahili
Grande Comore
Mohéli
Anjouan
Mayotte
Mount Karthala
Somali Plate
coral reef
Mutsamudu

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