546:
1660:
2518:
49:
699:
1033:
2167:
into error through an excess of brilliance. His capacity for synthesis, and his ability to dovetail the various parts of the evidence ... carried him into a more profound and complicated elaboration of error than some of his more pedestrian predecessors ... he inserted a doctrinal element into his history which, granted his original aberrations, was calculated to project the lines of his error, carrying his work still further from centrality or truth." In pursuing war with the
American colonists, George III believed he was defending the right of an elected Parliament to levy taxes, rather than seeking to expand his own power or prerogatives. In the opinion of modern scholars, during the long reign of George III, the monarchy continued to lose its political power and grew as the embodiment of national morality.
1648:
903:
1434:
2442:
1291:, the King was determined "never to acknowledge the independence of the Americans, and to punish their contumacy by the indefinite prolongation of a war which promised to be eternal." He wanted to "keep the rebels harassed, anxious, and poor, until the day when, by a natural and inevitable process, discontent and disappointment were converted into penitence and remorse". Later historians defend George by saying that, in the context of the times, no king would willingly surrender such a large territory, and his conduct was far less ruthless than contemporaneous monarchs in Europe. After Saratoga, both Parliament and the British people were in favour of the war; recruitment ran at high levels and political opponents, though vocal, remained a small minority.
2430:
1614:, Cornwall, with the Queen, and their daughters the Princess Royal and Princesses Augusta and Elizabeth. It was the furthest he had ever been from London, but his condition worsened. In November of that year, he became seriously deranged, sometimes speaking for many hours without pause, causing him to foam at the mouth and his voice to become hoarse. George would frequently repeat himself and write sentences with over 400 words at a time, and his vocabulary became "more complex, creative and colourful", possible symptoms of bipolar disorder. His doctors were largely at a loss to explain his illness, and spurious stories about his condition spread, such as the claim that he had shaken hands with a tree in the mistaken belief that it was the
2454:
1082:
1533:
Pitt's political aims and created new peers at an unprecedented rate to increase the number of Pitt's supporters in the House of Lords. During and after Pitt's ministry, George was extremely popular in
Britain. The British people admired him for his piety and for remaining faithful to his wife. He was fond of his children and was devastated at the death of two of his sons in infancy, in 1782 and 1783 respectively. Nevertheless, he set his children a strict regimen. They were expected to attend rigorous lessons from seven in the morning and to lead lives of religious observance and virtue. When his children strayed from George's principles of righteousness, as his sons did as young adults, he was dismayed and disappointed.
1847:, which passed both houses of Parliament with large majorities. George was conciliatory towards Fox, after being forced to capitulate over his appointment. After Fox's death in September 1806, the King and ministry were in open conflict. To boost recruitment, the ministry proposed a measure in February 1807 whereby Roman Catholics would be allowed to serve in all ranks of the armed forces. George instructed them not only to drop the measure, but also to agree never to set up such a measure again. The ministers agreed to drop the measure then pending, but refused to bind themselves in the future. They were dismissed and replaced by the Duke of Portland, as the nominal prime minister, with actual power being held by the
1499:
2466:
2478:
1820:
1295:
2299:
8973:
2277:
376:
9098:
10666:
1869:
7061:
1184:
1001:) and to the south (Florida), and protect the British fur trade with the Indians. The Proclamation Line did not bother the majority of settled farmers, but it was unpopular with a vocal minority. This discontent ultimately contributed to conflict between the colonists and the British government. With the American colonists generally unburdened by British taxes, the government thought it appropriate for them to pay towards the defence of the colonies against native uprisings and the possibility of French incursions.
10770:
10776:
1967:
2081:
1542:
1777:, in which sovereigns promise to maintain Protestantism. Faced with opposition to his religious reform policies from both the King and the British public, Pitt threatened to resign. At about the same time, George had a relapse of his previous illness, which he blamed on worry over the Catholic question. On 14 March 1801, Pitt was formally replaced by the
2147:
demonstrating "attitudes dominant in the latter part of the reign, when the King had become a revered symbol of national resistance to French ideas and French power", while the other "derived their views of the King from the bitter partisan strife of the first two decades of the reign, and they expressed in their works the views of the opposition".
1321:, whom he thought more capable, but George refused to do so; he suggested instead that Chatham serve as a subordinate minister in North's administration, but Chatham refused; he died later in the same year. North was allied to the "King's Friends" in Parliament and believed that George III had the right to exercise powers. In early 1778,
1989:, "George never bought or sold a slave in his life. He never invested in any of the companies that did such a thing. He signed legislation to abolish slavery." George wrote a document in the 1750s "denouncing all of the arguments for slavery, and calling them an execration and ridiculous and 'absurd'," but the King and his son, the
2025:. For all colonial slaves who fled their Rebel masters, Clinton forbade their recapture and resale, giving them protection by the British military. Approximately 20,000 freed slaves joined the British, fighting for George III. In 1783, given British certificates of freedom, 3,000 former slaves, including their families, settled in
2166:
and Pares, and
Macalpine and Hunter, are inclined to treat George sympathetically, seeing him as a victim of circumstance and illness. Butterfield rejected the arguments of his Victorian predecessors with withering disdain: "Erskine May must be a good example of the way in which an historian may fall
1490:
was appointed prime minister, with Temple as his secretary of state. On 17 December 1783, Parliament voted in favour of a motion condemning the influence of the monarch in parliamentary voting as a "high crime" and Temple was forced to resign. Temple's departure destabilised the government, and three
1419:
was appointed
American minister to London in 1785, by which time George had become resigned to the new relationship between his country and the former colonies. He told Adams, "I was the last to consent to the separation; but the separation having been made and having become inevitable, I have always
746:, but Lord Bute advised against the match and George abandoned his thoughts of marriage. "I am born for the happiness or misery of a great nation," he wrote, "and consequently must often act contrary to my passions." Nevertheless, George and his mother resisted attempts by the King to marry George to
2141:
George III hoped that "the tongue of malice may not paint my intentions in those colours she admires, nor the sycophant extoll me beyond what I deserve" but, in the popular mind, George III has been both demonised and praised. While very popular at the start of his reign, by the mid-1770s George had
1792:
George did not consider the peace with France as real; in his view it was an "experiment". The war resumed in 1803, but public opinion distrusted
Addington to lead the nation in war, and instead favoured Pitt. An invasion of England by Napoleon seemed imminent, and a massive volunteer movement arose
1629:
In the reconvened
Parliament, Fox and Pitt wrangled over the terms of a regency during the King's incapacity. While both agreed that it would be most reasonable for the Prince of Wales to act as regent, Fox suggested, to Pitt's consternation, that it was the Prince's absolute right to act on his ill
1532:
Pitt's appointment was a great victory for George. It proved that the King could appoint prime ministers on the basis of his own interpretation of the public mood without having to follow the choice of the current majority in the House of
Commons. Throughout Pitt's ministry, George supported many of
1399:
reached London; North's parliamentary support ebbed away and he resigned the following year. George drafted an abdication notice, which was never delivered. He finally accepted the defeat in
America and authorized peace negotiations. Britain formally recognized the independence of the United States
3701:
An
American taxpayer would pay a maximum of sixpence a year, compared to an average of twenty-five shillings (50 times as much) in England. In 1763, the total revenue from America amounted to about £1 800, while the estimated annual cost of the military in America was put at £225 000. By
2146:
were presented as "repeated injuries and usurpations" that he had committed to establish an "absolute
Tyranny" over the colonies. The declaration's wording has contributed to the American public's perception of George as a tyrant. Contemporary accounts of George III's life fall into two camps: one
1367:
In late 1779, George III advocated sending more British warships and troops across the Atlantic to the West Indies. He boldly said: "We must risk something, otherwise we will only vegetate in this war. I own I wish either with spirit to get through it, or with a crash be ruined." In January 1780,
1252:
against the British king and legislature while asking the support of the populace. Among George's other offenses, the declaration charged, "He has abdicated Government here ... He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people." The gilded
1160:
instead of elected by the lower house. Up to this point, in the words of Professor Peter Thomas, George's "hopes were centred on a political solution, and he always bowed to his cabinet's opinions even when sceptical of their success. The detailed evidence of the years from 1763 to 1775 tends to
1472:
The King disliked Fox intensely, for his politics as well as his character: he thought Fox unprincipled and a bad influence on the Prince of Wales. George III was distressed at having to appoint ministers not of his liking, but the Portland ministry quickly built up a majority in the House of
871:
annuity for the support of his household and the expenses of civil government. Claims that he used the income to reward supporters with bribes and gifts are disputed by historians who say such claims "rest on nothing but falsehoods put out by disgruntled opposition". Debts amounting to over
657:
Apart from chemistry and physics, his lessons included astronomy, mathematics, French, Latin, history, music, geography, commerce, agriculture and constitutional law, along with sporting and social accomplishments such as dancing, fencing and riding. His religious education was wholly
1931:, and became completely blind and increasingly deaf. He was incapable of knowing or understanding that he was declared King of Hanover in 1814, or that his wife died in 1818. At Christmas 1819, he spoke nonsense for 58 hours, and for the last few weeks of his life was unable to walk.
1569:, a cause of metabolic blood disorders and thus a possible trigger for porphyria. The source of the arsenic is not known, but it could have been a component of medicines or cosmetics. The theory was also established in the public mind through influential dramatisations, such as
3671:, on 17 April 1759, prior to his marriage to Charlotte, and to have had at least one child by her. However, Lightfoot had married Isaac Axford in 1753, and had died in or before 1759, so there could have been no legal marriage or children. The jury at the 1866 trial of
1124:
Lord North's government was chiefly concerned with discontent in America. To assuage American opinion most of the custom duties were withdrawn, except for the tea duty, which in George's words was "one tax to keep up the right ". In 1773, the tea ships moored in
1839:, however, met the same fate as the First and Second Coalitions, collapsing in 1805. The setbacks in Europe took a toll on Pitt's health, and he died in 1806, reopening the question of who should serve in the ministry. Grenville became prime minister, and his "
458:, with whom he had 15 children. George III's life and reign were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places farther afield in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated
1803:
said: "The enthusiasm of the multitude was beyond all expression." A courtier wrote on 13 November that "The King is really prepared to take the field in case of attack, his beds are ready and he can move at half an hour's warning." George wrote to his friend
1210:
in America. In particular they rejected new taxes levied by Parliament, a body in which they had no direct representation. The colonies had previously enjoyed a high level of autonomy in their internal affairs and viewed Parliament's acts as a denial of their
840:, ruled by his ministerial government and prominent men in Parliament. Although his accession was at first welcomed by politicians of all parties, the first years of his reign were marked by political instability, largely as a result of disagreements over the
2001:
conversely wished to see slavery abolished but, because the cabinet was divided and the King was in the pro-slavery camp, Pitt decided to refrain from making abolition official government policy. Instead, he worked toward abolition in an individual capacity.
2092:
George III was dubbed "Farmer George" by satirists, at first to mock his interest in mundane matters rather than politics, but later to portray him as a man of the people, contrasting his homely thrift with his son's grandiosity. Under George III, the
1104:
George insisted on a new law that essentially forbade members of the royal family from legally marrying without the consent of the sovereign. The subsequent bill was unpopular in Parliament, including among George's own ministers, but passed as the
1004:
The central issue for the colonists was not the amount of taxes but whether Parliament could levy a tax without American approval, for there were no American seats in Parliament. The Americans protested that like all Englishmen they had rights to
1630:
father's behalf with full powers. Pitt, fearing he would be removed from office if the Prince of Wales were empowered, argued that it was for Parliament to nominate a regent, and wanted to restrict the regent's authority. In February 1789, the
1404:
signed in 1782 and 1783. In early 1783, George III privately conceded "America is lost!" He reflected that the Northern colonies had developed into Britain's "successful rivals" in commercial trade and fishing. Up to 70,000 Loyalists fled to
1808:, "We are here in daily expectation that Bonaparte will attempt his threatened invasion ... Should his troops effect a landing, I shall certainly put myself at the head of mine, and my other armed subjects, to repel them." After
757:
The following year, at the age of 22, George succeeded to the throne when his grandfather George II died suddenly on 25 October 1760, at age 76. The search for a suitable wife intensified: after giving consideration to a number of
1477:
to Parliamentary commissioners. Although George actually favoured greater control over the company, the proposed commissioners were all political allies of Fox. Immediately after the House of Commons passed it, George authorised
1752:
that took effect on 1 January 1801 and united Great Britain and Ireland into a single state, known as the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland". George used the opportunity to abandon the title "king of France", which
1017:
on every document in the British colonies in North America. Since newspapers were printed on stamped paper, those most affected by the introduction of the duty were the most effective at producing propaganda opposing the tax.
1904:) acted as regent for the remainder of the King's life. Despite signs of a recovery in May 1811, by the end of the year, George III had become permanently insane, and lived in seclusion at Windsor Castle until his death.
2419:, the royal arms were amended, dropping the French quartering. They became: Quarterly, I and IV England; II Scotland; III Ireland; overall an escutcheon of Hanover surmounted by an electoral bonnet. In 1816, after the
1587:. From 2010 this view has been increasingly challenged, and Macalpine and Hunter's study criticised. Recent scholarship discounts the porphyria theory and contends that George's illness was psychiatric, most probably
1360:. George III said that Britain was confronted by the "most serious crisis the nation ever knew". In August, 66 warships entered the English channel, but sickness, hunger, and adverse winds forced the French-Spanish
1859:
gave the ministry a strong majority in the House of Commons. George III made no further major political decisions during his reign; the replacement of Portland by Perceval in 1809 was of little real significance.
650:) were educated together by private tutors. Family letters show that he could read and write in both English and German, as well as comment on political events of the time, by the age of eight. He was the first
1032:
2065:
George III lived for 81 years and 239 days, and reigned for 59 years and 96 days: both his life and his reign were longer than those of any of his predecessors and subsequent kings; only queens Victoria and
1044:
Lord Rockingham, with the support of Pitt and the King, repealed Grenville's unpopular Stamp Act. Rockingham's government was weak, and he was replaced as prime minister in 1766 by Pitt, whom George created
2097:
reached its peak and great advances were made in fields such as science and industry. There was unprecedented growth in the rural population, which in turn provided much of the workforce for the concurrent
1702:
had been overthrown, worried many British landowners. France declared war on Great Britain in 1793; in response to the crisis, George allowed Pitt to increase taxes, raise armies, and suspend the right of
1473:
Commons, and could not be displaced easily. He was further dismayed when the government introduced the India Bill, which proposed to reform the government of India by transferring political power from the
1748:
A brief lull in hostilities allowed Pitt to concentrate effort on Ireland, where there had been an uprising and attempted French landing in 1798. In 1800, the British and Irish Parliaments passed an
683:
King George II disliked Prince Frederick and took little interest in his grandchildren. However, in 1751, Frederick died unexpectedly from a lung injury at the age of 44, and his son George became
1659:
1671:
After George's recovery, his popularity, and that of Pitt, continued to increase at the expense of Fox and the Prince of Wales. His humane and understanding treatment of two insane assailants,
1785:. Addington opposed emancipation, instituted annual accounts, abolished income tax and began a programme of disarmament. In October 1801, he made peace with the French, and in 1802 signed the
918:, was replaced with one led by Lord Bute, a Scottish Tory. Bute's opponents worked against him by spreading the calumny that he was having an affair with the King's mother, and by exploiting
1165:." Though both the Americans and older British historians characterised George as a tyrant, in these years he acted as a constitutional monarch supporting the initiatives of his ministers.
836:, to demonstrate his desire to distance himself from his German forebears, who were perceived as caring more for Hanover than for Britain. During George III's lengthy reign, Britain was a
794:
a fortnight later on 22 September. George never took a mistress (in contrast with his grandfather and his sons), and the couple enjoyed a happy marriage until his mental illness struck.
1713:
in 1794, and in October 1795, crowds attacked George's carriage on his way to opening Parliament, demanding an end to the war and lower bread prices. In response, Parliament passed the
505:. The exact nature of the mental illness is not known definitively, but historians and medical experts have suggested that his symptoms and behaviour traits were consistent with either
809:. St James's Palace was retained for official use. He did not travel extensively and spent his entire life in southern England. In the 1790s, the King and his family took holidays at
6695:
1888:, suffered a relapse into his mental disorder and became dangerously ill. In his view, the malady had been triggered by stress over the death of his youngest and favourite daughter,
1565:. Although meeting with some contemporary opposition, the view gained widespread scholarly acceptance. A study of samples of George's hair published in 2005 revealed high levels of
832:
George, in his accession speech to Parliament, proclaimed: "Born and educated in this country, I glory in the name of Britain." He inserted this phrase into the speech, written by
8191:
545:
2341:
on 27 July 1749. Upon his father's death, and along with the dukedom of Edinburgh and the position of heir-apparent, he inherited his difference of a plain label of three points
1093:
George was deeply devout and spent hours in prayer, but his piety was not shared by his brothers. George was appalled by what he saw as their loose morals. In 1770, his brother
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
1831:
In 1804, George's recurrent illness returned; after his recovery, Addington resigned and Pitt regained power. Pitt sought to appoint Fox to his ministry, but George refused.
1329:
with the United States. The French fleet outran the British naval blockade of the Mediterranean and sailed to America. The conflict now affected America, Europe, and India.
1287:
George III is often accused of obstinately trying to keep Great Britain at war with the rebels, despite the opinions of his own ministers. In the words of British historian
1101:. The King considered her inappropriate as a royal bride: she was from a lower social class and German law barred any children of the couple from the Hanoverian succession.
1634:, authorising the Prince of Wales to act as regent, was introduced and passed in the House of Commons, but before the House of Lords could pass the bill, George recovered.
2465:
1299:
1065:. Wilkes was again expelled from Parliament. He was re-elected and expelled twice more, before the House of Commons resolved that his candidature was invalid and declared
876:
with large grants from his private funds, and may have donated more than half of his personal income to charity. Of his art collection, the two most notable purchases are
2477:
1121:. The news confirmed George's opinion that he had been right to introduce the law: Maria was related to his political opponents. Neither lady was ever received at court.
2453:
1249:
2441:
1453:
With the collapse of Lord North's ministry in 1782, the Whig Lord Rockingham became prime minister for the second time, but died within months. The King then appointed
10223:
10050:
3014:
2070:
1479:
530:
10919:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
4894:
Cox, Timothy M.; Jack, N.; Lofthouse, S.; Watling, J.; Haines, J.; Warren, M. J. (2005). "King George III and porphyria: an elemental hypothesis and investigation".
1372:
were transported to the West Indies. Nonetheless, opposition to the costly war was increasing, and in June 1780 contributed to disturbances in London known as the
2233:
in the medieval period. His style became "George the Third, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith."
1486:
that he would regard any peer who voted for the bill as his enemy. The bill was rejected by the Lords; three days later, the Portland ministry was dismissed, and
10944:
2750:
782:, escorted her from Strelitz to London. Charlotte arrived in the afternoon of 8 September 1761 and the marriage ceremony was conducted that same evening in the
10216:
9979:
7590:
2142:
lost the loyalty of revolutionary American colonists, though it has been estimated that as many as half of the colonists remained loyal. The grievances in the
1110:
1057:, took over the government. Grafton did not formally become prime minister until 1768. That year, John Wilkes returned to England, stood as a candidate in the
1594:
George may have had a brief episode of disease in 1765, and a longer episode began in the summer of 1788. At the end of the parliamentary session, he went to
3540:
747:
8184:
6302:
3850:
10130:
7792:
1994:
1725:
to oppose revolutionary France, which included Austria, Prussia, and Spain, broke up in 1795 when Prussia and Spain made separate peace with France. The
7072:
George III papers, including references to madhouses and insanity from the Historic Psychiatry Collection, Menninger Archives, Kansas Historical Society
10909:
10145:
8961:
7510:
6615:
3002:
2589:
1517:
281:
2009:, issued a proclamation that offered freedom to the slaves of Rebel masters if they enlisted to put down the colonial rebellion. Dunmore was the last
11044:
5538:
2429:
1835:
perceived an injustice to Fox, and refused to join the new ministry. Pitt concentrated on forming a coalition with Austria, Russia, and Sweden. This
1353:
both resigned from the government. Lord North again requested that he also be allowed to resign, but he stayed in office at George III's insistence.
1346:
1133:. In Britain, opinion hardened against the colonists, with Chatham now agreeing with North that the destruction of the tea was "certainly criminal".
872:£3 million over the course of George's reign were paid by Parliament, and the civil list annuity was increased from time to time. He aided the
10984:
10230:
1778:
1462:
10954:
10904:
10102:
9984:
9182:
8177:
7598:
3240:
2018:
1094:
6141:
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
2074:
1369:
1342:
534:
2792:
632:
10237:
10156:
9683:
9571:
7470:
2714:
2693:
2564:
2162:, who thought George was "much maligned", started a re-evaluation of the man and his reign. Scholars of the later twentieth century, such as
2032:
Between 1791 and 1800, almost 400,000 Africans were shipped to the Americas, by 1,340 slaving voyages, mounted from British ports, including
1356:
During the summer of 1779, a combined French-Spanish naval fleet threatened to invade England and transport 31,000 French troops across the
9793:
3679:
who pretended to be "Princess Olive of Cumberland", unanimously found that a supposed marriage certificate produced by Ryves was a forgery.
1021:
Meanwhile, George had become exasperated at Grenville's attempts to reduce the King's prerogatives, and tried, unsuccessfully, to persuade
10712:
10167:
10162:
3508:
3298:
2796:
2743:
2619:
2042:
915:
408:
17:
797:
The King and Queen had 15 children—nine sons and six daughters. In 1762, George purchased Buckingham House (on the site now occupied by
10410:
10020:
7462:
6519:
3388:
2866:
2559:
1943:
1383:
in 1780, Loyalists could still believe in their eventual victory, as British troops inflicted defeats on the Continental forces at the
1114:
1049:. The actions of Lord Chatham and George III in repealing the Act were so popular in America that statues of them both were erected in
767:
455:
251:
521:
the following year. The King died aged 81, at which time the Regent succeeded him as George IV. George III reigned during much of the
10979:
10959:
10934:
10030:
10010:
9885:
7494:
7438:
7037:
6930:
O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson (Spring 2004). "'If Others Will Not Be Active, I Must Drive': George III and the American Revolution".
3362:
2948:
2878:
2803:
2579:
2544:
2143:
1947:
1557:. Until the mid-20th century, the King's illness was generally considered to be psychological. In 1966, a study by Ida Macalpine and
1333:
had misgivings because of his own colonies but decided to side with France in the war in limited fashion in 1779. One faction of the
1245:
271:
236:
4126:
10113:
9668:
9009:
7655:
7478:
5572:
3482:
3266:
2917:
2905:
2665:
2569:
1050:
827:
11014:
8939:
4939:
Peters, Timothy J.; Wilkinson, D. (2010). "King George III and porphyria: a clinical re-examination of the historical evidence".
2409:
2307:
1770:
261:
1025:
to accept the office of prime minister. After a brief illness, which may have presaged his illnesses to come, George settled on
932:, which was both inflammatory and defamatory in its condemnation of Bute and the government. Wilkes was eventually arrested for
10879:
10471:
10066:
9974:
9948:
8954:
8086:
7648:
7574:
4029:
2736:
1774:
1766:
1272:
was not an ideal war leader, but George III managed to give Parliament a sense of purpose to fight, and North was able to keep
1066:
937:
643:
550:
431:, who, unlike his two predecessors, was born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover.
95:
1445:
caricatured King George III and Queen Charlotte awash with treasury funds to cover royal debts, with Pitt handing him another
537:, having reigned for 59 years and 96 days; he remains the longest-lived and longest-reigning male monarch in British history.
10097:
9833:
7720:
7542:
7518:
6600:
6531:
6384:
6056:
5801:
3420:
3070:
3022:
2609:
2594:
2150:
Building on the latter of these two assessments, British historians of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, such as
1955:
1889:
1525:
1521:
1054:
301:
286:
187:
5590:
1797:, on 26 and 28 October 1803 and at the height of the invasion scare, attracted an estimated 500,000 spectators on each day.
11009:
10989:
10884:
10874:
10491:
9566:
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7830:
7385:
7084:
1856:
787:
779:
743:
723:
616:
7743:
1253:
equestrian statue of the King in New York was pulled down. The British captured the city in 1776 but lost Boston, and the
48:
11039:
11024:
10964:
10894:
10738:
8024:
7582:
7334:
2835:
2655:
2346:
2230:
1754:
1350:
763:
11004:
10939:
10271:
10173:
10035:
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7502:
6975:
6795:
6487:
6146:
Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
5950:
5665:
5634:
4579:
4009:
2982:
2704:
2584:
1277:
1006:
624:
276:
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produced relatively little income; most revenue was generated through taxes and excise duties. George surrendered the
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inspired slaves to escape from captivity and fight for the British. On 30 June 1779, George III's Commanding General
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The Third Register Book of the Parish of St James in the Liberty of Westminster For Births & Baptisms. 1723–1741
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said, as I say now, that I would be the first to meet the friendship of the United States as an independent power."
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3951:. Retrieved 17 September 2008 (Subscription required): "George III adopted the moral standards she tried to teach."
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In the spring of 1756, as George approached his eighteenth birthday, the King offered him a grand establishment at
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1469:. Portland became prime minister, with Fox and Lord North, as foreign secretary and home secretary respectively.
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2385:
2088:, a manuscript notebook from the collections of George III, showing George, Charlotte and those attending them.
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443:
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Hecht, J. Jean (1966). "The Reign of George III in Recent Historiography". In Furber, Elizabeth Chapin (ed.).
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argued that these lines appear "to be the source of the only historical phrase with which he is associated".
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of invading from Canada and cutting off New England failed with the surrender of British Lieutenant-General
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Princess of Wales, preferred to keep George at home where she could imbue him with her strict moral values.
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2158:, promoted hostile interpretations of George III's life. However, in the mid-twentieth century the work of
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599:. As he was born two months prematurely, and thought unlikely to survive, he was baptised the same day by
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Universalgeschichte des Staates: von der vorstaatlichen Gesellschaft zum Staat der Industriegesellschaft
1687:, on 15 May 1800 was not political in origin but motivated by the apocalyptic delusions of Hadfield and
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2134:(George's Star) after the King, who later funded the construction and maintenance of Herschel's 1785
2014:
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1465:. In 1783, the House of Commons forced Shelburne from office and his government was replaced by the
1284:, Secretary of State for the Colonies, proved to lack leadership skills suited for their positions.
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Princes whose titles were removed and eligible people who do not use the title are shown in italics
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611:. One month later, he was publicly baptised at Norfolk House, again by Secker. His godparents were
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Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg, Erzschatzmeister und Kurfürst des Heiligen Römischen Reiches
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The Men Who Lost America: British Leadership, the American Revolution, and the Fate of the Empire
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The Men Who Lost America: British Leadership, the American Revolution, and the Fate of the Empire
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1618:. Treatment for mental illness was primitive by modern standards; George's doctors, who included
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Smith, Robert A. (1984). "Reinterpreting the Reign of George III". In Schlatter, Richard (ed.).
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By this time, George's health was deteriorating. He had a mental illness characterised by acute
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written at the time of the accession defended George but Walpole's later memoirs were hostile.
2226:, he dropped the title of king of France, which had been used for every English monarch since
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were boarded by colonists and the tea was thrown overboard, an event that became known as the
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1691:. George seemed unperturbed by the incident, so much so that he fell asleep in the interval.
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Ayling, pp. 349–350; Carretta, p. 285; Fraser, p. 282; Hibbert, pp. 301–302; Watson, p. 323.
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With the clear support of Parliament, Lord North introduced measures, which were called the
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months later the government lost its majority and Parliament was dissolved; the subsequent
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Butterfield, Herbert (1965). "Some Reflections on the Early Years of George III's Reign".
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454:. He succeeded to the throne on George II's death in 1760. The following year, he married
8:
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In late 1810, at the height of his popularity, King George, already virtually blind with
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466:, becoming the dominant European power in North America and India. However, Britain lost
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2345:. In an additional difference, the crown of Charlemagne was not usually depicted on the
1827:(1807), James Gillray caricatured George's dismissal of the Ministry of All the Talents.
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Black, Jeremy (1996). "Could the British Have Won the American War of Independence?".
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6306:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
6001:
4909:
2388:); II Azure three fleurs-de-lys Or (for France); III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (
1622:, treated the King by forcibly restraining him until he was calm, or applying caustic
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as the victor. Grafton's government disintegrated in 1770, allowing the Tories led by
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was open and available to scholars and was the foundation of a new national library.
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and said in the new prologue: "What, tho' a boy! It may with truth be said, A boy in
562:
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475:
467:
459:
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223:
8331:
6515:
A compilation of essays encompassing the major assessments of George III up to 1964.
5178:
Ayling, pp. 329–335; Brooke, pp. 322–328; Fraser, pp. 281–282; Hibbert, pp. 262–267.
4968:
4925:
2214:"George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland,
2058:
in turn, who both died without surviving legitimate children, leaving the throne to
1206:. In the 1760s, a series of acts by Parliament was met with resistance in Britain's
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6888:
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6259:
5102:"Parishes: Hartlebury Pages 380–387 A History of the County of Worcester: Volume 3"
5064:
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5003:
4995:
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2509:
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placed a limit upon the westward expansion of the American colonies and created an
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608:
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334:
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6051:. Heraldry Today. Slough, Buckinghamshire: Hollen Street Press. pp. 215–216.
5128:"Parishes: Callington – St Columb Pages 51–67 Magna Britannia: Volume 3, Cornwall"
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2365:
2102:. George's collection of mathematical and scientific instruments is now owned by
1985:
uprisings caused the British public to spurn slavery. According to the historian
1892:. The princess's nurse reported that "the scenes of distress and crying every day
1836:
1782:
1762:
1722:
1699:
1652:
1580:
1392:
1357:
1227:, but the King and Parliament ignored them. George declared the American leaders
1191:
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1026:
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392:
291:
74:
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Online 90-minute video lecture given at Ohio State in 2006; requires Real Player
6641:
George the Third and Charles Fox: The Concluding Part of the American Revolution
1097:, was exposed as an adulterer. The following year, Henry married a young widow,
10373:
9894:
9709:
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8725:
8679:
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8114:
6415:
6311:
5242:
5153:
3948:
3859:
3689:
2882:
2632:
2249:
2245:
2059:
1942:
at 8:38 pm on 29 January 1820, six days after the death of his fourth son
1939:
1912:
1832:
1765:", but he refused. As part of his Irish policy, Pitt planned to remove certain
1730:
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1215:. Armed conflict began between British regulars and colonial militiamen at the
1141:
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902:
833:
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663:
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172:
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consistently refers to the young prince as "His Royal Highness Prince George"
3936:
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2396:(for Hanover), I Gules two lions passant guardant Or (for Brunswick), II Or a
2046:, under which the transatlantic slave trade was banned in the British Empire.
1793:
to defend England against the French. George's review of 27,000 volunteers in
10853:
10376:. Not a British prince by birth, but created a Prince of the United Kingdom.
9614:
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2338:
1978:
1919:
led to significant territorial gains for Hanover, which was elevated from an
1705:
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1461:, however, refused to serve under Shelburne, and demanded the appointment of
1442:
1258:
1126:
1086:
771:
684:
600:
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518:
501:
In the later part of his life, George had recurrent and eventually permanent
447:
387:(George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was
155:
125:
6148:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 4.
1868:
813:, which he thus popularised as one of the first seaside resorts in England.
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2260:) until the end of the empire in 1806. He then continued as duke until the
2237:
2159:
2067:
1951:
1915:. Liverpool oversaw British victory in the Napoleonic Wars. The subsequent
1738:
1570:
1561:
suggested that the illness was physiological, caused by the liver disorder
1373:
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1237:
1232:
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864:
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522:
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6943:
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6825:
Changing views on British history: essays on historical writing since 1939
4854:"George III and the Mad-Business by Ida Macalpine, Richard Hunter: Review"
4838:
4820:
4572:
Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759–1789
4183:
Watson, p. 88; this view is also shared by Brooke (see for example p. 99).
1896:... were melancholy beyond description." George accepted the need for the
1773:. George III claimed that to emancipate Catholics would be to violate his
1337:
aided the Americans, whereas another aided Britain, whose allies included
10641:
10631:
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10190:
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8911:
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8481:
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6258:(2). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 305–310.
5033:"The acute mania of King George III: A computational linguistic analysis"
4984:"King George III, bipolar disorder, porphyria and lessons for historians"
2405:
2155:
2026:
1954:
for two days, and his funeral and interment took place on 16 February in
1433:
1098:
998:
983:
959:
923:
526:
364:
7015:
Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing since 1966
6735:
2241:
718:, but George refused the offer, guided by his mother and her confidant,
638:
George grew into a healthy, reserved and shy child. The family moved to
10805:
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2400:
of hearts Gules a lion rampant Azure (for Lüneburg), III Gules a horse
2323:
2055:
1997:
to delay the abolition of the British slave trade for almost 20 years.
1990:
1966:
1885:
1758:
1416:
1269:
1070:
1014:
997:. The Proclamation aimed to divert colonial expansion to the north (to
967:
963:
868:
860:
802:
759:
241:
6768:
6524:
George III: The Life and Reign of Britain's Most Misunderstood Monarch
4871:
4853:
4076:
Brooke, p. 391: "There can be no doubt that the King wrote 'Britain'."
10799:
10601:
10521:
10195:
10005:
9771:
8901:
8871:
8458:
8433:
8156:
7430:
7311:
7211:
7066:
5626:
5622:
Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World
5354:
3644:
2780:
2539:
2080:
2033:
1935:
1901:
1799:
1562:
1446:
1410:
1322:
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to return to power. Britain received enormous concessions, including
936:
but he fled to France to escape punishment; he was expelled from the
887:
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514:
510:
231:
118:
10690:
8559:
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5376:
Letter of 30 November 1803, quoted in Wheeler and Broadley, p. xiii.
2838:; no surviving legitimate issue, but had illegitimate children with
1317:
With the setbacks in America, Lord North asked to transfer power to
890:, but it is as a collector of books that he is best remembered. The
10621:
10481:
10388:
10135:
9624:
8891:
8832:
8438:
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6033:
An introduction to heraldry containing the rudiments of the science
5157:
5037:
4893:
2381:
1928:
1881:
1623:
1611:
1188:
Pulling Down the Statue of George III at Bowling Green, 9 July 1776
853:
659:
483:
10157:
Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
9863:
7028:
1541:
958:. Britain restored to France lucrative slave-sugar islands in the
950:
which ended the war, Lord Bute resigned, allowing the Whigs under
691:. The King now took more interest in his grandson and created him
9619:
8809:
8715:
2471:
Coat of arms used from 1801 to 1816 as King of the United Kingdom
2377:
2037:
1566:
727:
329:
6834:"The 'insanity' of King George III: a classic case of porphyria"
5528:
Letter from Duke of York to George IV, quoted in Brooke, p. 386.
4803:"The "Insanity" of King George III: a Classic Case of Porphyria"
2483:
Coat of arms used from 1816 until death, also as King of Hanover
2412:
Or (for the dignity of Archtreasurer of the Holy Roman Empire).
2110:, to which it has been on long-term loan since 1927. He had the
513:. In 1810, George suffered a final relapse, and his eldest son,
8601:
8549:
8273:
8268:
7356:
Articles and topics related to George III of the United Kingdom
6964:
The Last King of America: The Misunderstood Reign of George III
6877:"Porphyria in the Royal Houses of Stuart, Hanover, and Prussia"
4318:
Ayling, pp. 122–133; Hibbert, pp. 107–109; Watson, pp. 106–111.
3668:
2423:
became a kingdom, the electoral bonnet was changed to a crown.
2342:
2127:
662:. At the age of 10, George took part in a family production of
6554:
Purple Secret: Genes, "Madness" and the Royal Houses of Europe
5415:"Reasons for the success of the abolitionist campaign in 1807"
4706:
The works of John Adams, second president of the United States
1241:
referred to George III as "the Royal Brute of Great Britain".
434:
George was born during the reign of his paternal grandfather,
10098:
Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
9629:
8521:
7363:
6999:
Robson, Eric (1952). "The American Revolution Reconsidered".
4002:
A royal experiment : the private life of King George III
2357:
2062:, the only legitimate child of his fourth son Prince Edward.
2005:
On 7 November 1775, during the American War of Independence,
1733:, was defeated in 1800. Only Great Britain was left fighting
1554:
446:. Following his father's death in 1751, Prince George became
6807:
At Water's Edge: Britain, Napoleon, and the World, 1793–1815
2459:
Coat of arms used from 1760 to 1801 as King of Great Britain
2352:
From his succession until 1800, George bore the royal arms:
1156:
so that the upper house of the legislature was appointed by
8305:
5030:
2936:
Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale 1799–1851; married 1815,
2397:
10224:
Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
10051:
Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
8199:
5498:
Ayling, pp. 453–455; Brooke, pp. 384–385; Hibbert, p. 405.
5031:
Rentoumi, V.; Peters, T.; Conlin, J.; Garrard, P. (2017).
3619:
King of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801, after the
3015:
Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
1161:
exonerate George III from any real responsibility for the
1076:
5573:
Why Andrew Roberts Wants Us to Reconsider King George III
801:) for use as a family retreat. His other residences were
4237:
Brooke, p. 145; Carretta, pp. 59, 64 ff.; Watson, p. 93.
3811:
3809:
1927:. Meanwhile, George's health deteriorated. He developed
1667:
of George holding Napoleon in the palm of his hand, 1803
411:, with George as its king. He was concurrently Duke and
6816:
A Royal Experiment: The Private Life of King George III
6250:
Bullion, John L. (1994). "George III on Empire, 1783".
2054:
George was succeeded by two of his sons, George IV and
1225:
petitions to the Crown for intervention with Parliament
130:
George, Prince of Wales (1811–1820)
9980:
Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
6592:
American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750–1804
6582:
The Hanoverian Dimension in British History, 1714–1837
6333:
The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy
1111:
Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
946:
of blasphemy and libel. In 1763, after concluding the
3806:
6465:
A Student's Manual of English Constitutional History
5187:
Ayling, pp. 334–343; Brooke, p. 332; Fraser, p. 282.
4574:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 338–340.
1109:. Shortly afterwards, another of George's brothers,
10131:
Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale
7793:
George III and the Prince of Wales Reviewing Troops
6921:(1955). "King George III: A Study in Personality".
6724:
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
2620:
Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2170:
1995:
London Society of West India Planters and Merchants
766:with, on her son's behalf, an offer of marriage to
27:
King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820
10146:Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
6613:(1985). "George III and the American Revolution".
6595:. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
6372:
6353:George III and the Satirists from Hogarth to Byron
6295:
4631:The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Army
4375:Brooke, pp. 272–282; Cannon and Griffiths, p. 498.
3843:
2947:
2590:Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
2555:Charlotte, Princess Royal and Queen of Württemberg
1977:Over the course of George's reign, a coalition of
774:and staff were assembled for Charlotte in London,
748:Princess Sophie Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
687:to the throne and inherited his father's title of
395:from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820. The
282:Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
6929:
6875:Macalpine, I.; Hunter, R.; Rimington, C. (1968).
6475:
5515:
5513:
4456:
4371:
4369:
3978:Ayling, pp. 36–37; Brooke, p. 49; Hibbert, p. 31.
2447:Coat of arms from 1751 to 1760 as Prince of Wales
1973:, by the King's authority, set free Rebel slaves.
10851:
7012:
6665:Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy
6356:. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press.
6047:Pinches, John Harvey; Pinches, Rosemary (1974).
5317:Ayling, p. 414; Brooke, p. 374; Hibbert, p. 315.
4556:
4554:
4552:
2694:Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2408:), overall an escutcheon Gules charged with the
2138:, which at the time was the biggest ever built.
1816:, the possibility of invasion was extinguished.
1761:. It was suggested that George adopt the title "
1463:William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland
974:to Britain, in addition to all land between the
848:ministers, which led to his denunciation by the
10103:Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
9985:Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn
7591:William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
6831:
6690:
6681:
6573:Letters from George III to Lord Bute, 1756–1766
6326:
4938:
4800:
4680:"Famous Loyalists of the Revolutionary War Era"
3241:John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
2924:
2834:Duke of Clarence and St Andrews; married 1818,
2720:Prince George William of Hanover and Cumberland
2715:Ernest Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick
2273:
2210:In Great Britain, George III used the official
1503:The Three Youngest Daughters of King George III
1202:was the culmination of the civil and political
1168:
1095:Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn
587:, London, on 4 June 1738. He was a grandson of
10945:British royalty and nobility with disabilities
10217:Alastair, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
6684:Napoleon and the Invasion of England. Volume I
6548:
6046:
6002:"Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family"
5510:
4366:
4282:Cannon and Griffiths, p. 505; Hibbert, p. 122.
2888:
2651:Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2322:Before his succession, George was granted the
2040:. On 25 March 1807 George III signed into law
914:In May 1762, the incumbent Whig government of
10920:Burials at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
10706:
10404:
9879:
9787:
8955:
8185:
7623:Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and Norway
7379:
7017:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 197–254.
6827:. Harvard University Press. pp. 206–234.
6511:George III, Tyrant Or Constitutional Monarch?
4710:quoted in Ayling, p. 323 and Hibbert, p. 165.
4549:
4058:Ayling, p. 378; Cannon and Griffiths, p. 518.
3650:. George was born on 24 May in the Old Style
2744:
2671:Frederica, Baroness Alfons of Pawel-Rammingen
2013:, appointed by King George III in July 1771.
1843:" included Fox. Grenville pushed through the
1755:English and British sovereigns had maintained
1029:to form a ministry, and dismissed Grenville.
6998:
5792:Macalpine, Ida; Hunter, Richard A. (1991) .
5409:
5407:
3854:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2690:George William, Hereditary Prince of Hanover
427:on 12 October 1814. He was a monarch of the
10372:Not a British prince by birth, but created
8752:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the
6746:
6682:Wheeler, H. F. B.; Broadley, A. M. (1908).
6579:
6420:The Lives of the Kings and Queen of England
6278:
5729:Carretta, pp. 92–93, 267–273, 302–305, 317.
5683:"The Ex-Slaves Who Fought with the British"
5579:, 9 November 2021, accessed 5 December 2021
5286:
5284:
4255:Willcox & Arnstein (1988), pp. 131–132.
3509:Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst
3299:Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
3179:Princess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Celle
2938:Princess Friederike of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2793:Princess Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
2043:An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade
1325:of France (Britain's chief rival) signed a
1113:, revealed he had been secretly married to
916:Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle
897:
844:. George came to be perceived as favouring
529:eras. At the time of his death, he was the
409:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
10713:
10699:
10411:
10397:
10021:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
9886:
9872:
9794:
9780:
8962:
8948:
8929:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics.
8192:
8178:
7567:Augusta, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
7386:
7372:
7059:
6783:
6700:(Fifth ed.). D.C. Heath and Company.
6667:(Revised ed.). London: Random House.
5653:
4851:
4703:
4569:
4327:Ayling, pp. 122–133; Hibbert, pp. 111–113.
3389:Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
2959:(1) Married 1793, in contravention of the
2867:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
2822:
2751:
2737:
2701:Prince Christian of Hanover and Cumberland
2560:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
2021:broadened Dunmore's proclamation with his
1944:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
1729:, which included Austria, Russia, and the
768:Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
456:Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
252:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
47:
10910:British people of the American Revolution
10335:James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex
10174:Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
10031:Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
10011:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
7511:Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
6984:
6900:
6857:
6635:
5938:
5705:"Transatlantic slave trade and abolition"
5615:
5404:
5387:"Nelson, Trafalgar, and those who served"
5269:Ayling, pp. 395–396; Watson, pp. 360–377.
5068:
5058:
5007:
4828:
4345:Ayling, pp. 154–160; Brooke, pp. 147–151.
4201:Ayling, p. 194; Brooke, pp. xv, 214, 301.
3363:Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
2949:Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
2904:
2879:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2804:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
2802:
2791:Prince of Wales 1762–1820; married 1795,
2779:
2580:Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
2545:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
2144:United States Declaration of Independence
1948:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1683:'s failed attempt to shoot George in the
1364:to withdraw, ending the invasion threat.
867:to Parliamentary control in return for a
733:
272:Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
237:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
11045:People of the War of the First Coalition
10231:Prince Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
9915:for members of the British royal family.
7599:Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn
7091:"Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade – Estimates"
6832:Macalpine, Ida; Hunter, Richard (1966).
6580:Simms, Brendan; Riotte, Torsten (2007).
6570:
6349:
6183:
6091:
6071:
5925:
5923:
5539:"Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805"
5281:
5249:. New York: Vintage Books. p. 144.
5241:
4801:Macalpine, Ida; Hunter, Richard (1966).
3937:"Augusta, princess of Wales (1719–1772)"
3733:Official website of the British monarchy
3663:George was falsely said to have married
3483:Charles William, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
3421:Princess Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Halle
3267:Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
3037:
2981:
2918:Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
2666:Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover
2264:declared him "King of Hanover" in 1814.
2079:
1965:
1867:
1818:
1679:in 1790, contributed to his popularity.
1658:
1646:
1598:to recuperate and in August visited the
1540:
1497:
1432:
1293:
1182:
1080:
1031:
901:
762:German princesses, George's mother sent
697:
544:
10985:English pretenders to the French throne
9907:, who formalised the use of the titles
6958:
6804:
6518:
6440:
6370:
6303:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6249:
6112:Kiste, John Van der (19 January 2004).
5906:
5894:
5882:
5870:
5858:
5846:
5834:
5681:Klein, Christopher (13 February 2020).
5582:
5247:The Making of the English Working Class
4755:Brooke, p. 316; Carretta, pp. 262, 297.
4570:Stein, Stanley; Stein, Barbara (2003).
4158:"The royal family and the public purse"
4085:Brooke, p. 88; Simms and Riotte, p. 58.
3941:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3897:
3851:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3783:
2698:Princess Olga of Hanover and Cumberland
2656:Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck
2570:Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg
1711:prosecuted British radicals for treason
1368:7,000 British troops under General Sir
1077:Family issues and discontent in America
642:, where George and his younger brother
262:Elizabeth, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg
215: 1761; died 1818)
14:
10955:Children of Frederick, Prince of Wales
10905:British book and manuscript collectors
10852:
9975:Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany
9903:The generations indicate descent from
9801:
7447:William IV, King of the United Kingdom
6917:
6813:
6647:
6609:
6588:
6552:; Warren, Martin; Hunt, David (1998).
6505:
6476:O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson (2013).
6462:
6414:
6397:Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1837
6393:
6290:
6227:
6162:
5588:
4981:
4471:Willcox & Arnstein (1988), p. 162.
4457:O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson (2014).
4107:Butterfield, pp. 22, 115–117, 129–130.
3996:
3926:Brooke, pp. 51–52; Hibbert, pp. 24–25.
3841:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3639:
3637:
3462:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3220:
3110:
3106:
3069:
3053:
3021:
2865:
10720:
10694:
10392:
9867:
9775:
8943:
8173:
7431:George IV, King of the United Kingdom
7367:
7354:
6822:
6784:Ditchfield, G. M. (31 October 2002).
6721:
6496:
6201:
6111:
6026:
5999:
5920:
5680:
5489:Fraser, p. 285; Hibbert, pp. 399–402.
5480:Brooke, p. 383; Hibbert, pp. 397–398.
5196:Ayling, pp. 338–342; Hibbert, p. 273.
4560:Willcox & Arnstein, pp. 161, 165.
4506:
4504:
4354:Ayling, pp. 167–168; Hibbert, p. 140.
4155:
3643:All dates in this article are in the
3625:
3613:
3538:
3528:
3524:
3512:
3506:
3496:
3480:
3470:
3466:
3450:
3444:
3434:
3418:
3408:
3404:
3392:
3386:
3376:
3360:
3350:
3346:
3322:
3312:
3296:
3286:
3282:
3270:
3264:
3254:
3238:
3228:
3224:
3208:
3202:
3192:
3176:
3166:
3162:
3150:
3144:
3134:
3118:
3114:
2308:Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick
1055:Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton
1053:. Lord Chatham fell ill in 1767, and
1009:". In 1765, Grenville introduced the
828:Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
821:
482:from 1793 concluded in the defeat of
10418:
7077:Newspaper clippings about George III
6686:. London: John Lane The Bodley Head.
6659:
6192:
5980:
5959:
5232:Ayling, pp. 181–182; Fraser, p. 282.
5154:"Was George III a manic depressive?"
4677:
4004:. New York: Holt. pp. 139–148.
3723:
3721:
3719:
3702:1767, it had risen to £400 000.
3001:
2175:
2086:Observations on the Transit of Venus
1907:Prime Minister Spencer Perceval was
1855:. Parliament was dissolved, and the
1276:together. North's cabinet ministers
926:, a member of parliament, published
744:Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond
158:, St James's Square, London, England
9893:
8087:King's manuscripts, British Library
8025:Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story
7463:Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
7340:25 October 1760 – 31 December 1800
7163:25 October 1760 – 31 December 1800
6697:The Age of Aristocracy 1688 to 1830
6499:King George III and the Politicians
6335:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4708:. Vol. VIII. pp. 255–257,
3818:
3735:. Royal Household. 31 December 2015
3634:
2967:; had issue; marriage annulled 1794
2836:Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
2202:25 October 1760 – 29 January 1820:
1876:, 1817, depicting an elderly George
1280:, First Lord of the Admiralty, and
1117:, the illegitimate daughter of Sir
549:Prince George (right), his brother
24:
10664:
10272:Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
10036:Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
9954:Prince William, Duke of Cumberland
9096:
7495:Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
7439:Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
7232:12 October 1814 – 29 January 1820
7181:25 October 1760 – 12 October 1814
6715:
6655:. London: Oxford University Press.
6653:The Reign of George III, 1760–1815
6629:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1985.tb02477.x
6513:. Boston: D. C. Heath and Company.
6118:. The History Press. p. 205.
5543:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
5134:. Cadell & Davies, London 1814
4510:Cannon and Griffiths, pp. 510–511.
4501:
4116:Hibbert, p. 86; Watson, pp. 67–79.
2983:Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
2705:Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
2585:Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
1956:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
1439:A new way to pay the National Debt
1061:, and came top of the poll in the
1007:no taxation without representation
750:. Sophie Caroline instead married
676:born, in England bred." Historian
277:Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
188:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
25:
11056:
10835:Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale
10238:Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover
9827:Dukes of Gloucester and Edinburgh
8046:Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell
7783:Coronation Portrait of George III
7423:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
7206:1 January 1801 – 29 January 1820
7057:National Portrait Gallery, London
7022:
6000:Velde, François (5 August 2013).
5453:Brooke, p. 381; Carretta, p. 340.
3969:Ayling, p. 54; Brooke, pp. 71–72.
3716:
3654:used in Great Britain until 1752.
3596:Cultural depictions of George III
2686:Marie Louise, Margravine of Baden
2195:20 April 1751 – 25 October 1760:
1900:, and the Prince of Wales (later
788:George and Charlotte's coronation
738:In 1759, George was smitten with
654:to study science systematically.
629:Sophia Dorothea, Queen in Prussia
627:stood proxy), and his great-aunt
621:Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha
468:13 of its North American colonies
201:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
87:25 October 1760 –
66:King of Great Britain and Ireland
10980:English people with disabilities
10960:Deaths from pneumonia in England
10935:British people of German descent
10774:
10768:
10308:Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh
10262:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
10245:Prince George William of Hanover
10201:Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
10163:Prince George William of Hanover
10077:Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
9684:Scottish 18th-century literature
8971:
7487:Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover
6805:Golding, Christopher T. (2017).
6787:George III: An Essay in Monarchy
6132:
6105:
6085:
6065:
6040:
6019:
5993:
5932:
5824:
5815:
5806:
5786:
5777:
5768:
5759:
5750:
5741:
5732:
5723:
5697:
5674:
5657:George III: An Essay in Monarchy
5647:
5609:
5566:
5557:
5531:
5522:
5501:
5492:
5483:
5474:
5465:
5456:
5447:
5438:
5429:
5379:
5370:
5361:
5347:
5338:
5329:
5320:
5311:
5302:
5293:
5272:
5263:
5235:
5226:
5217:
5208:
5199:
5190:
5181:
5172:
5146:
5120:
5094:
5085:
5024:
4975:
4932:
4887:
4336:Ayling, p. 137; Hibbert, p. 124.
4026:"Documents relating to the case"
3325:George III of the United Kingdom
2995:Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel
2926:Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover
2725:Frederica, Queen of the Hellenes
2646:Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
2637:Princess Frederica of Cumberland
2516:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2428:
2394:tierced per pale and per chevron
2297:
2275:
2171:Titles, styles, honours and arms
2118:for his own observations of the
1642:
1217:Battles of Lexington and Concord
535:longest-reigning British monarch
374:
267:Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover
10026:King Ernest Augustus of Hanover
8229:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603
7575:Edward, Duke of York and Albany
7040:at the official website of the
7031:at the official website of the
6207:George III: America's Last King
6193:Baer, Marc (22 December 2021).
6163:Ayling, Stanley Edward (1972).
6156:
5794:George III and the Mad-Business
5589:Newman, Brooke (28 July 2020).
5108:. Victoria County History, 1918
4878:
4845:
4794:
4785:
4776:
4767:
4758:
4749:
4740:
4731:
4728:Hibbert, p. 243; Pares, p. 120.
4722:
4713:
4697:
4671:
4658:
4645:
4636:
4624:
4615:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4563:
4546:Willcox & Arnstein, p. 157.
4540:
4531:
4522:
4513:
4492:
4483:
4474:
4465:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4378:
4363:Brooke, p. 260; Fraser, p. 277.
4357:
4348:
4339:
4330:
4321:
4312:
4303:
4294:
4285:
4276:
4267:
4258:
4249:
4240:
4231:
4222:
4213:
4204:
4195:
4186:
4177:
4149:
4119:
4110:
4101:
4088:
4079:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4043:
4018:
3990:
3981:
3972:
3963:
3954:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3891:
3882:
3842:Cannon, John (September 2004).
3753:Brooke, p. 314; Fraser, p. 277.
3695:
3682:
3657:
2710:Great-great-great-grandchildren
2218:, and so forth". In 1801, when
2188:31 March 1751 – 20 April 1751:
2095:British Agricultural Revolution
1993:, supported the efforts of the
1812:'s famous naval victory at the
1779:Speaker of the House of Commons
1231:and a year of fighting ensued.
752:Frederick, Margrave of Bayreuth
247:Charlotte, Queen of Württemberg
212:
11015:Monarchs of the United Kingdom
10141:Prince Alexander John of Wales
10108:Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
9674:Romantic literature in English
8226:Monarchs of England until 1603
7393:
6694:; Arnstein, Walter L. (1988).
6571:Sedgwick, Romney, ed. (1903).
6463:Medley, Dudley Julius (1902).
6446:George III: A Personal History
6252:The William and Mary Quarterly
6081:. 30 December 1800. p. 2.
5892:. 17 November 1749. p. 3.
5756:Carretta, pp. 99–101, 123–126.
4704:Adams, C.F., ed. (1850–1856).
4528:Brooke, pp. 180–182, 192, 223.
3797:
3777:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3447:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
2628:Princess Elizabeth of Clarence
2624:Princess Charlotte of Clarence
2435:Coat of arms from 1749 to 1751
2130:in 1781, he at first named it
1863:
1637:
1389:Battle of Guilford Court House
816:
770:. Charlotte accepted. While a
444:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
355:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
13:
1:
10880:19th-century British monarchs
9101:Floral Badge of Great Britain
8005:Hamilton: An American Musical
6991:England under the Hanoverians
6584:. Cambridge University Press.
6284:George III and the Historians
6184:Benjamin, Lewis Saul (1907).
6049:The Royal Heraldry of England
5880:. 31 October 1749. p. 3.
5000:10.7861/clinmedicine.11-3-261
4910:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66991-7
4859:The English Historical Review
4791:Ayling, pp. 222–230, 366–376.
4678:Roos, Dave (7 October 2021).
4291:Cannon and Griffiths, p. 505.
3709:
3601:List of mentally ill monarchs
3541:Princess Sophia of Saxe-Halle
2859:King Frederick of Württemberg
2816:Princess Frederica of Prussia
2334:, the centre point bearing a
2181:4 June 1738 – 31 March 1751:
1510:
1428:
702:Pastel portrait of George as
605:St James's Church, Piccadilly
570:
540:
10329:Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex
10267:Prince William of Gloucester
9037:Anglo-French War (1778–1783)
7053:Portraits of King George III
6643:. New York: Longmans, Green.
6320:UK public library membership
5545:. Dean and Canons of Windsor
5060:10.1371/journal.pone.0171626
4156:Kelso, Paul (6 March 2000).
3875:UK public library membership
3688:For example, the letters of
2977:in her own right); no issue
2575:Ernest Augustus I of Hanover
2236:In Germany, he was "Duke of
1825:A Kick at the Broad-Bottoms!
1763:Emperor of the British Isles
1626:to draw out "evil humours".
1423:
1391:. In late 1781, the news of
1200:American War of Independence
1169:American War of Independence
986:, which was ceded to Spain.
472:American War of Independence
7:
11010:Monarchs of the Isle of Man
10990:Heirs to the British throne
10885:18th-century Irish monarchs
10875:18th-century British people
10303:Prince Andrew, Duke of York
10277:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
10206:Prince George, Duke of Kent
10168:Prince Christian of Hanover
8991:Constitutional development
8836:British monarchs after the
7503:Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
7081:20th Century Press Archives
4852:Robb-Smith, A.H.T. (1970).
3943:. Oxford University Press.
3907:. 16 April 1751. p. 1.
3675:, the daughter of imposter
3589:
3087:
2384:flory-counter-flory Gules (
2349:, only on the Sovereign's.
1950:, was with him. George III
1849:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1841:Ministry of All the Talents
1246:declared their independence
1221:Second Continental Congress
726:. George's mother, now the
32:George III (disambiguation)
18:George III of Great Britain
10:
11061:
11040:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
11025:Prince-electors of Hanover
10965:Dukes of Bremen and Verden
10895:Blind royalty and nobility
10151:Prince Arthur of Connaught
9944:Frederick, Prince of Wales
7975:The Madness of King George
7901:Eight Songs for a Mad King
7684:American Revolutionary War
7663:Royal Proclamation of 1763
7551:Frederick, Prince of Wales
7404:King of the United Kingdom
7202:King of the United Kingdom
7177:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
6925:. London: Hamish Hamilton.
6809:. Temple University Press.
6749:Journal of British Studies
6501:. Oxford University Press.
6350:Carretta, Vincent (1990).
6101:. 29 June 1816. p. 1.
5916:. 14 July 1750. p. 1.
5904:. 16 June 1750. p. 1.
5868:. 20 June 1749. p. 2.
5856:. 9 April 1748. p. 2.
5844:. 5 April 1748. p. 3.
4666:George III on Empire, 1783
4651:U.S. Department of State,
3793:. 20 June 1738. p. 2.
3456:
3340:
3214:
3205:Frederick, Prince of Wales
3147:George II of Great Britain
3108:
2492:
2288:Royal Knight of the Garter
2267:
2231:claim to the French throne
2011:Royal Governor of Virginia
1961:
1536:
1495:gave Pitt a firm mandate.
1300:Johann Heinrich von Hurter
1179:American Revolutionary War
1172:
1115:Maria, Countess Waldegrave
991:Royal Proclamation of 1763
825:
613:King Frederick I of Sweden
593:Frederick, Prince of Wales
440:Frederick, Prince of Wales
345:Frederick, Prince of Wales
29:
11005:Monarchs of Great Britain
10940:Deaf royalty and nobility
10827:
10783:
10766:
10728:
10675:
10662:
10426:
10370:
10344:
10316:
10290:
10254:
10183:
10123:
10085:
10059:
9998:
9962:
9936:
9920:
9901:
9809:
9748:
9725:Proclamation of Rebellion
9697:
9661:
9640:
9607:
9153:
9108:
9094:
8984:
8924:
8847:
8831:
8827:
8764:
8747:
8743:
8220:
8216:
8141:
8071:
8036:
7965:The Madness of George III
7857:
7814:
7773:
7762:
7693:French Revolutionary Wars
7640:
7455:Charlotte, Princess Royal
7414:
7401:
7361:
7325:
7317:
7310:
7290:
7282:
7275:
7260:
7251:
7243:
7236:
7225:
7208:
7199:
7174:
7152:
7144:
7139:
7104:
7067:Georgian Papers Programme
6818:. Henry Holt and Company.
6790:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
6482:. Yale University Press.
6448:. London: Penguin Books.
6424:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
6400:. Yale University Press.
5955:– via Google Books.
5939:Marquardt, Bernd (2018).
5670:– via Google Books.
4447:Carretta, pp. 97–98, 367.
4429:Taylor (2016), pp. 91–100
3935:Bullion, John L. (2004).
3631:King from 12 October 1814
3526:
3518:
3490:
3468:
3464:
3428:
3406:
3398:
3370:
3348:
3344:
3306:
3284:
3276:
3248:
3226:
3222:
3186:
3164:
3156:
3128:
3121:George I of Great Britain
3112:
2847:Charlotte, Princess Royal
2681:Great-great-grandchildren
2676:Princess Marie of Hanover
2495:Descendants of George III
2049:
2007:John Murray, Lord Dunmore
1685:Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
1576:The Madness of George III
1038:John van Nost the younger
603:, who was both Rector of
492:transatlantic slave trade
370:
360:
350:
340:
328:
319:
314:
310:
222:
194:
179:
162:
138:
134:
124:
114:
104:
94:
83:
61:
46:
41:
10324:William, Prince of Wales
10072:King George V of Hanover
8978:Kingdom of Great Britain
7670:Royal Marriages Act 1772
7277:Peerage of Great Britain
6986:Robertson, Charles Grant
6556:. London: Bantam Press.
6297:"George III (1738–1820)"
6197:. Encyclopedia Virginia.
6195:"George III (1738–1820)"
5358:, 27 October 1803, p. 2.
4982:Peters, T. (June 2011).
4953:10.1177/0957154X09102616
4655:. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
3879:(Subscription required).
3845:"George III (1738–1820)"
3606:
3081:Never married, no issue
3033:Never married, no issue
2961:Royal Marriages Act 1772
2900:Never married, no issue
2488:
2023:Philipsburg Proclamation
1999:William Pitt the Younger
1721:Acts a month later. The
1520:(left with tambourine),
1516:, depicting: Princesses
1488:William Pitt the Younger
1107:Royal Marriages Act 1772
898:Legislation and politics
619:stood proxy), his uncle
320:George William Frederick
11020:People from Westminster
10975:Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg
10442:Edward the Black Prince
10362:Prince Archie of Sussex
9740:Welsh Methodist revival
9679:Romanticism in Scotland
9076:Agricultural Revolution
9042:Anglo-Dutch (1780–1784)
7700:Irish Rebellion of 1798
6923:Personalities and Power
6881:British Medical Journal
6814:Hadlow, Janice (2014).
6497:Pares, Richard (1953).
5709:Royal Museums Greenwich
5654:Ditchfield, G. (2002).
4884:Röhl, Warren, and Hunt.
4808:British Medical Journal
4498:Trevelyan, vol. 1 p. 5.
4489:Trevelyan, vol. 1 p. 4.
3096:Ancestors of George III
2890:Princess Augusta Sophia
2565:Princess Augusta Sophia
2317:
1608:Viscount Mount Edgcumbe
1250:twenty-seven grievances
920:anti-Scottish sentiment
838:constitutional monarchy
648:Duke of York and Albany
474:. Further wars against
257:Princess Augusta Sophia
10900:British art collectors
10669:
10352:Prince George of Wales
10282:Prince Michael of Kent
10114:Prince Ernest Augustus
9689:Blue Stockings Society
9102:
9025:American Revolutionary
7831:Somerset House, London
7803:Portrait of George III
7305:Merged with the Crown
7042:Royal Collection Trust
6932:Early American Studies
6394:Colley, Linda (2005).
6312:10.1093/ref:odnb/10540
5967:The Knights of England
5945:. LIT Verlag Münster.
5132:British History Online
5106:British History Online
4133:. 2004. Archived from
4096:George III (1738–1820)
3949:10.1093/ref:odnb/46829
3860:10.1093/ref:odnb/10540
3815:Brooke, pp. 42–44, 55.
2108:Science Museum, London
2089:
2015:Dunmore's Proclamation
1974:
1971:Dunmore's Proclamation
1877:
1828:
1698:of 1789, in which the
1668:
1656:
1550:
1529:
1450:
1314:
1248:in July 1776, listing
1195:
1144:was shut down and the
1140:by the colonists: the
1090:
1063:Middlesex constituency
1041:
1023:William Pitt the Elder
911:
859:On his accession, the
734:Accession and marriage
722:, who later served as
711:
591:and the eldest son of
576:
490:in 1815. In 1807, the
438:, as the first son of
11000:Knights of the Garter
10682:Principality of Wales
10668:
10472:Edward of Westminster
10357:Prince Louis of Wales
9949:Prince George William
9100:
7904:(1969, music theatre)
7559:Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
7328:— TITULAR —
7155:King of Great Britain
6944:10.1353/eam.2007.0037
6850:10.1136/bmj.1.5479.65
6589:Taylor, Alan (2016).
6371:Chernow, Ron (2010).
6235:. London: Constable.
6211:Yale University Press
6115:George III's Children
5783:Reitan, pp. xii–xiii.
4941:History of Psychiatry
4821:10.1136/bmj.1.5479.65
4653:Treaty of Paris, 1783
4612:Taylor (2016), p. 290
4603:Taylor (2016), p. 287
4537:Hibbert, pp. 156–157.
4438:Chernow, pp. 214–215.
4030:The National Archives
2861:; no surviving issue
2421:Electorate of Hanover
2216:Defender of the Faith
2192:The Duke of Edinburgh
2120:1769 transit of Venus
2104:King's College London
2100:Industrial Revolution
2083:
1969:
1946:. His favourite son,
1871:
1822:
1662:
1650:
1544:
1507:John Singleton Copley
1501:
1436:
1297:
1289:George Otto Trevelyan
1186:
1084:
1035:
989:Later that year, the
922:amongst the English.
905:
883:Lady at the Virginals
874:Royal Academy of Arts
826:Further information:
786:, St James's Palace.
701:
597:Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
548:
389:King of Great Britain
10925:British blind people
10890:English blind people
10432:Edward of Caernarfon
9088:Financial Revolution
9047:French Revolutionary
8806:William III & II
8371:Henry the Young King
8321:Edward the Confessor
8289:Æthelred the Unready
8015:Mr Foote's Other Leg
7951:Blackadder the Third
7921:The Adams Chronicles
7116:Cadet branch of the
6893:10.1136/bmj.1.5583.7
6442:Hibbert, Christopher
6280:Butterfield, Herbert
5965:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906)
5821:Brooke, pp. 175–176.
5812:Butterfield, p. 152.
5617:Rodriguez, Junius P.
5444:Ayling, pp. 441–442.
5326:Watson, pp. 402–409.
5278:Ayling, pp. 408–409.
5091:Roberts, pp. 677–680
4746:Watson, pp. 272–279.
4737:Brooke, pp. 250–251.
4719:e.g. Ayling, p. 281.
4594:Ayling, pp. 275–276.
4480:O'Shaughnessy, ch 1.
4309:Watson, pp. 184–185.
4273:Watson, pp. 183–184.
4246:Brooke, pp. 146–147.
4228:Ayling, pp. 196–198.
2975:Duchess of Inverness
2881:; had one daughter:
2795:; had one daughter:
2410:crown of Charlemagne
2116:Richmond-upon-Thames
1911:and was replaced by
1909:assassinated in 1812
1845:Slave Trade Act 1807
1395:'s surrender at the
1331:Charles III of Spain
1278:the Earl of Sandwich
1255:grand strategic plan
1213:rights as Englishmen
1073:to return to power.
764:Colonel David Graeme
708:Jean-Étienne Liotard
633:Lady Charlotte Edwin
494:was banned from the
175:, Berkshire, England
30:For other uses, see
10930:British deaf people
10742:(Elector-designate)
10492:Edward of Middleham
10452:Richard of Bordeaux
9735:Speenhamland system
9183:Acts of Parliament:
9178:List of parliaments
8754:Union of the Crowns
7677:American Revolution
6692:Willcox, William B.
6611:Thomas, Peter D. G.
6169:. London: Collins.
6036:. pp. 110–111.
5051:2017PLoSO..1271626R
4461:. pp. 158–164.
4137:on 13 November 2017
3888:Sedgwick, pp. ix–x.
2971:Lady Cecilia Buggin
2965:Lady Augusta Murray
2942:George V of Hanover
2661:Great-grandchildren
2641:George V of Hanover
2199:The Prince of Wales
1857:subsequent election
1814:Battle of Trafalgar
1810:Admiral Lord Nelson
1757:since the reign of
1600:Bishop of Worcester
1549:of George III, 1789
1524:(upper right), and
1467:Fox–North Coalition
1381:siege of Charleston
1282:Lord George Germain
1263:battles of Saratoga
1219:in April 1775. The
1204:American Revolution
1175:American Revolution
1163:American Revolution
976:Allegheny Mountains
780:Master of the Horse
695:three weeks later.
579:George was born in
553:, and their tutor,
515:the Prince of Wales
54:Coronation portrait
10970:Dukes of Edinburgh
10812:Ernest Augustus II
10670:
9803:Dukes of Edinburgh
9705:East India Company
9103:
9071:Panic of 1796–1797
8838:Acts of Union 1707
8801:James II & VII
8494:Kenneth I MacAlpin
8279:Edgar the Peaceful
8101:Margaret Nicholson
8094:King's Observatory
7944:(1984, radio play)
7881:The Young Mr. Pitt
7847:Windsor Great Park
7707:Acts of Union 1800
7583:Princess Elizabeth
7312:Titles in pretence
7265:Title next held by
7221:Congress of Vienna
7195:Acts of Union 1800
7186:Congress of Vienna
7168:Acts of Union 1800
7134:29 January 1820
6994:. London: Methuen.
6375:Washington: A Life
6286:. London: Collins.
6188:. Pitman and Sons.
6098:The London Gazette
6078:The London Gazette
6025:See, for example,
5913:The London Gazette
5901:The London Gazette
5889:The London Gazette
5877:The London Gazette
5865:The London Gazette
5853:The London Gazette
5841:The London Gazette
5831:The London Gazette
5738:Watson, pp. 10–11.
5575:, Isaac Chotiner,
4098:, 22 December 2021
4049:Ayling, pp. 85–87.
3917:Hibbert, pp. 3–15.
3904:The London Gazette
3803:Brooke, pp. 23–41.
3790:The London Gazette
3648:Gregorian calendar
3621:Acts of Union 1800
3065:Died in childhood
3049:Died in childhood
2969:(2) Married 1831,
2906:Princess Elizabeth
2797:Princess Charlotte
2417:Acts of Union 1800
2262:Congress of Vienna
2197:His Royal Highness
2190:His Royal Highness
2183:His Royal Highness
2112:King's Observatory
2106:but housed in the
2090:
1975:
1917:Congress of Vienna
1878:
1829:
1767:legal disabilities
1735:Napoleon Bonaparte
1719:Seditious Meetings
1689:Bannister Truelock
1673:Margaret Nicholson
1669:
1657:
1551:
1530:
1475:East India Company
1451:
1343:German auxiliaries
1327:treaty of alliance
1315:
1196:
1091:
1042:
912:
822:Early regnal years
712:
577:
488:Battle of Waterloo
397:Acts of Union 1800
10847:
10846:
10841:
10840:
10739:Ernest Augustus I
10722:Rulers of Hanover
10688:
10687:
10462:Henry of Monmouth
10386:
10385:
9861:
9860:
9769:
9768:
9730:South Sea Company
9020:French and Indian
8937:
8936:
8920:
8919:
8823:
8822:
8739:
8738:
8734:
8733:
8284:Edward the Martyr
8167:
8166:
8067:
8066:
8056:Victory of Eagles
7815:Public sculptures
7349:
7348:
7330:
7293:Duke of Edinburgh
7209:Succeeded by
6649:Watson, J. Steven
6637:Trevelyan, George
6602:978-0-393-35476-8
6533:978-0-141-99146-7
6526:. Penguin Books.
6386:978-1-59420-266-7
6379:. Penguin Press.
6318:(Subscription or
6058:978-0-900455-25-4
5802:978-0-7126-5279-7
5591:"Throne of Blood"
5391:National Archives
5223:Carretta, p. 275.
4988:Clinical Medicine
4904:(9482): 332–335.
3873:(Subscription or
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3085:
3084:
3059:22 September 1780
2897:22 September 1840
2851:29 September 1766
2761:
2760:
2326:differenced by a
2306:: Founder of the
2254:Holy Roman Empire
2176:Titles and styles
2136:40-foot telescope
1884:and in pain from
1795:Hyde Park, London
1696:French Revolution
1604:Hartlebury Castle
1459:Charles James Fox
1402:Treaties of Paris
1397:siege of Yorktown
1208:Thirteen Colonies
1013:, which levied a
980:Mississippi River
940:and found guilty
799:Buckingham Palace
792:Westminster Abbey
740:Lady Sarah Lennox
716:St James's Palace
689:Duke of Edinburgh
585:St James's Square
480:Napoleonic France
421:Holy Roman Empire
382:
381:
324:
323:
149:4 June 1738 [
100:22 September 1761
16:(Redirected from
11052:
11030:Princes of Wales
10995:Kings of Hanover
10950:Deafblind people
10778:
10777:
10772:
10771:
10715:
10708:
10701:
10692:
10691:
10657:
10647:
10637:
10627:
10617:
10607:
10597:
10587:
10577:
10567:
10557:
10547:
10537:
10527:
10517:
10507:
10497:
10487:
10477:
10467:
10457:
10447:
10437:
10420:Princes of Wales
10413:
10406:
10399:
10390:
10389:
10298:King Charles III
10191:King Edward VIII
9990:Prince Frederick
9888:
9881:
9874:
9865:
9864:
9796:
9789:
9782:
9773:
9772:
9171:House of Commons
9064:Jacobite risings
8976:
8975:
8974:
8964:
8957:
8950:
8941:
8940:
8829:
8828:
8789:Richard Cromwell
8779:The Protectorate
8769:James I & VI
8745:
8744:
8326:Harold Godwinson
8246:Edward the Elder
8239:Alfred the Great
8223:
8222:
8218:
8217:
8194:
8187:
8180:
8171:
8170:
8160:
8151:
8134:
8124:
8122:House of Hanover
8117:
8110:
8103:
8096:
8089:
8082:
8060:
8050:
8029:
8019:
8009:
7999:
7989:
7979:
7969:
7959:
7956:Duel and Duality
7945:
7935:
7925:
7915:
7905:
7895:
7891:Mrs. Fitzherbert
7885:
7875:
7850:
7842:
7834:
7826:
7807:
7797:
7787:
7771:
7770:
7753:
7746:
7744:Regency Act 1811
7737:
7730:
7723:
7716:
7714:Treaty of Amiens
7709:
7702:
7695:
7686:
7679:
7672:
7665:
7658:
7656:Seven Years' War
7651:
7633:
7626:
7618:
7615:Prince Frederick
7610:
7602:
7594:
7586:
7578:
7570:
7562:
7554:
7546:
7538:
7530:
7522:
7514:
7506:
7498:
7490:
7482:
7474:
7466:
7458:
7450:
7442:
7434:
7426:
7388:
7381:
7374:
7365:
7364:
7352:
7351:
7344:Title abandoned
7326:
7318:Preceded by
7286:Prince Frederick
7283:Preceded by
7244:Preceded by
7145:Preceded by
7135:
7128:
7111:House of Hanover
7102:
7101:
7098:
7095:slavevoyages.org
7063:
7033:British monarchy
7018:
7008:
6995:
6981:
6955:
6938:(1): iii, 1–46.
6926:
6919:Namier, Lewis B.
6914:
6904:
6871:
6861:
6828:
6819:
6810:
6801:
6780:
6739:
6730:(299): 145–154.
6711:
6687:
6678:
6656:
6644:
6632:
6606:
6585:
6576:
6567:
6550:Röhl, John C. G.
6545:
6514:
6502:
6493:
6472:
6459:
6437:
6411:
6390:
6378:
6367:
6346:
6329:Griffiths, Ralph
6323:
6315:
6299:
6287:
6275:
6246:
6224:
6198:
6189:
6180:
6166:George the Third
6150:
6149:
6136:
6130:
6129:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6089:
6083:
6082:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6023:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6012:
5997:
5991:
5984:
5978:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5918:
5917:
5905:
5893:
5881:
5869:
5857:
5845:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5813:
5810:
5804:
5790:
5784:
5781:
5775:
5774:Reitan, p. viii.
5772:
5766:
5763:
5757:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5739:
5736:
5730:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5701:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5586:
5580:
5570:
5564:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5535:
5529:
5526:
5520:
5517:
5508:
5507:Hibbert, p. 408.
5505:
5499:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5481:
5478:
5472:
5471:Hibbert, p. 394.
5469:
5463:
5462:Hibbert, p. 396.
5460:
5454:
5451:
5445:
5442:
5436:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5411:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5359:
5351:
5345:
5342:
5336:
5333:
5327:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5309:
5308:Hibbert, p. 313.
5306:
5300:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5279:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5239:
5233:
5230:
5224:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5197:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5179:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5072:
5062:
5045:(12): e0171626.
5028:
5022:
5021:
5011:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4866:(333): 808–810.
4849:
4843:
4842:
4832:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4783:
4780:
4774:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4711:
4709:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4675:
4669:
4662:
4656:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4547:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4520:
4517:
4511:
4508:
4499:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4394:
4393:Hibbert, p. 143.
4391:
4385:
4384:Hibbert, p. 141.
4382:
4376:
4373:
4364:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4319:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4265:
4264:Chernow, p. 137.
4262:
4256:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4229:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4131:The Crown Estate
4123:
4117:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4099:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4022:
4016:
4015:
3994:
3988:
3987:Benjamin, p. 62.
3985:
3979:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3952:
3933:
3927:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3847:
3839:
3816:
3813:
3804:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3725:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3665:Hannah Lightfoot
3661:
3655:
3641:
3632:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3102:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3043:23 February 1779
2987:24 February 1774
2933:18 November 1851
2763:
2762:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2520:
2510:House of Hanover
2499:
2498:
2480:
2468:
2456:
2444:
2432:
2362:passant guardant
2347:arms of the heir
2302:
2301:
2300:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2124:William Herschel
1991:Duke of Clarence
1898:Regency Act 1811
1895:
1853:Spencer Perceval
1787:Treaty of Amiens
1769:that applied to
1727:Second Coalition
1651:Portrait by Sir
1589:bipolar disorder
1515:
1512:
1457:to replace him.
1385:Battle of Camden
1311:Royal Collection
1308:
1138:Intolerable Acts
1131:Boston Tea Party
1059:general election
952:George Grenville
938:House of Commons
929:The North Briton
878:Johannes Vermeer
842:Seven Years' War
811:Weymouth, Dorset
640:Leicester Square
609:Bishop of Oxford
575:
572:
555:Francis Ayscough
507:bipolar disorder
464:Seven Years' War
429:House of Hanover
423:before becoming
378:
312:
311:
216:
214:
183:16 February 1820
169:
148:
146:
90:
51:
39:
38:
21:
11060:
11059:
11055:
11054:
11053:
11051:
11050:
11049:
10915:British princes
10850:
10849:
10848:
10843:
10842:
10837:
10831:British monarch
10823:
10779:
10775:
10773:
10769:
10764:
10724:
10719:
10689:
10684:
10671:
10660:
10650:
10640:
10630:
10620:
10610:
10600:
10590:
10580:
10570:
10560:
10550:
10540:
10532:Henry Frederick
10530:
10520:
10510:
10500:
10490:
10480:
10470:
10460:
10450:
10440:
10430:
10422:
10417:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10366:
10345:12th generation
10340:
10317:11th generation
10312:
10291:10th generation
10286:
10250:
10179:
10119:
10093:King Edward VII
10081:
10055:
10041:Prince Octavius
10016:King William IV
9994:
9970:King George III
9958:
9932:
9916:
9897:
9895:British princes
9892:
9862:
9857:
9805:
9800:
9770:
9765:
9744:
9715:Longitude prize
9693:
9657:
9636:
9603:
9149:
9104:
9092:
9030:Boston Massacre
8980:
8972:
8970:
8968:
8938:
8933:
8916:
8843:
8819:
8784:Oliver Cromwell
8760:
8735:
8730:
8577:Constantine III
8486:
8311:Harold Harefoot
8301:Edmund Ironside
8212:
8207: and
8198:
8168:
8163:
8154:
8145:
8137:
8127:
8120:
8113:
8106:
8099:
8092:
8085:
8078:
8063:
8053:
8043:
8037:Books and poems
8032:
8022:
8012:
8008:(2015, musical)
8002:
7992:
7982:
7972:
7962:
7948:
7938:
7928:
7918:
7908:
7898:
7888:
7878:
7868:
7861:
7859:
7853:
7845:
7837:
7829:
7821:
7810:
7800:
7790:
7780:
7765:
7758:
7749:
7742:
7733:
7726:
7721:Napoleonic Wars
7719:
7712:
7705:
7698:
7691:
7682:
7675:
7668:
7661:
7654:
7647:
7636:
7629:
7621:
7613:
7607:Princess Louisa
7605:
7597:
7589:
7581:
7573:
7565:
7557:
7549:
7541:
7533:
7525:
7517:
7509:
7501:
7493:
7485:
7477:
7469:
7461:
7453:
7445:
7437:
7429:
7421:
7410:
7397:
7392:
7357:
7339:
7331:
7323:
7300:
7296:
7288:
7266:
7257:
7254:Prince of Wales
7249:
7238:British royalty
7231:
7228:King of Hanover
7214:
7205:
7180:
7162:
7150:
7129:
7123:
7122:
7114:
7107:
7089:
7025:
6978:
6960:Roberts, Andrew
6844:(5479): 65–71.
6798:
6718:
6716:Further reading
6708:
6675:
6603:
6564:
6534:
6520:Roberts, Andrew
6490:
6456:
6434:
6416:Fraser, Antonia
6408:
6387:
6364:
6343:
6317:
6264:10.2307/2946866
6243:
6233:King George III
6221:
6177:
6159:
6154:
6153:
6138:
6137:
6133:
6126:
6110:
6106:
6090:
6086:
6070:
6066:
6059:
6045:
6041:
6024:
6020:
6010:
6008:
5998:
5994:
5985:
5981:
5964:
5960:
5953:
5937:
5933:
5929:Brooke, p. 390.
5928:
5921:
5829:
5825:
5820:
5816:
5811:
5807:
5791:
5787:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5769:
5765:Ayling, p. 247.
5764:
5760:
5755:
5751:
5746:
5742:
5737:
5733:
5728:
5724:
5714:
5712:
5703:
5702:
5698:
5688:
5686:
5679:
5675:
5668:
5652:
5648:
5637:
5614:
5610:
5600:
5598:
5587:
5583:
5571:
5567:
5563:Brooke, p. 387.
5562:
5558:
5548:
5546:
5537:
5536:
5532:
5527:
5523:
5518:
5511:
5506:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5488:
5484:
5479:
5475:
5470:
5466:
5461:
5457:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5434:
5430:
5420:
5418:
5413:
5412:
5405:
5395:
5393:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5375:
5371:
5367:Brooke, p. 597.
5366:
5362:
5352:
5348:
5344:Colley, p. 225.
5343:
5339:
5335:Ayling, p. 423.
5334:
5330:
5325:
5321:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5303:
5299:Ayling, p. 411.
5298:
5294:
5289:
5282:
5277:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5257:
5243:Thompson, E. P.
5240:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5205:Ayling, p. 345.
5204:
5200:
5195:
5191:
5186:
5182:
5177:
5173:
5163:
5161:
5160:. 15 April 2013
5152:
5151:
5147:
5137:
5135:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5111:
5109:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5029:
5025:
4980:
4976:
4937:
4933:
4892:
4888:
4883:
4879:
4850:
4846:
4799:
4795:
4790:
4786:
4782:Ayling, p. 220.
4781:
4777:
4773:Ayling, p. 218.
4772:
4768:
4764:Brooke, p. 259.
4763:
4759:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4718:
4714:
4702:
4698:
4688:
4686:
4676:
4672:
4663:
4659:
4650:
4646:
4642:Brooke, p. 221.
4641:
4637:
4629:
4625:
4621:Ayling, p. 284.
4620:
4616:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4582:
4568:
4564:
4559:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4519:Brooke, p. 183.
4518:
4514:
4509:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4420:Ayling, p. 121.
4419:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4402:Watson, p. 197.
4401:
4397:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4367:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4219:Ayling, p. 195.
4218:
4214:
4210:Brooke, p. 215.
4209:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4192:Medley, p. 501.
4191:
4187:
4182:
4178:
4168:
4166:
4154:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4067:Watson, p. 549.
4066:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4034:
4032:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4012:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3872:
3864:
3862:
3840:
3819:
3814:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3782:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3727:
3726:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3687:
3683:
3662:
3658:
3652:Julian calendar
3642:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3592:
3587:
3090:
3078:2 November 1810
3071:Princess Amelia
3039:Prince Octavius
3027:3 November 1777
3023:Princess Sophia
2968:
2953:27 January 1773
2940:; had one son:
2913:10 January 1840
2894:8 November 1768
2874:23 January 1820
2871:2 November 1767
2840:Dorothea Jordan
2757:
2610:Princess Amelia
2600:Prince Octavius
2595:Princess Sophia
2503:British Royalty
2497:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2472:
2469:
2460:
2457:
2448:
2445:
2436:
2433:
2330:of five points
2320:
2312:5 February 1783
2298:
2296:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2178:
2173:
2052:
1964:
1893:
1890:Princess Amelia
1866:
1837:Third Coalition
1783:Henry Addington
1775:coronation oath
1771:Roman Catholics
1743:French Republic
1723:First Coalition
1700:French monarchy
1653:William Beechey
1645:
1640:
1616:King of Prussia
1581:Nicholas Hytner
1539:
1513:
1431:
1426:
1393:Lord Cornwallis
1379:As late as the
1358:English Channel
1302:
1268:Prime Minister
1192:William Walcutt
1181:
1173:Main articles:
1171:
1079:
1047:Earl of Chatham
1027:Lord Rockingham
970:. France ceded
934:seditious libel
900:
830:
824:
819:
772:royal household
736:
704:Prince of Wales
693:Prince of Wales
678:Romney Sedgwick
652:British monarch
573:
543:
452:Prince of Wales
425:King of Hanover
306:
302:Princess Amelia
292:Prince Octavius
287:Princess Sophia
218:
210:
206:
203:
190:
184:
171:
167:
166:29 January 1820
154:
144:
142:
89:29 January 1820
88:
79:
75:King of Hanover
57:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11058:
11048:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11032:
11027:
11022:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11002:
10997:
10992:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10845:
10844:
10839:
10838:
10828:
10825:
10824:
10822:
10821:
10815:
10809:
10803:
10797:
10790:
10788:
10781:
10780:
10767:
10765:
10763:
10762:
10756:
10750:
10747:George I Louis
10744:
10735:
10733:
10726:
10725:
10718:
10717:
10710:
10703:
10695:
10686:
10685:
10676:
10673:
10672:
10663:
10661:
10659:
10658:
10655:(2022–present)
10648:
10638:
10628:
10618:
10608:
10598:
10588:
10578:
10568:
10558:
10548:
10538:
10528:
10518:
10508:
10498:
10488:
10478:
10468:
10458:
10448:
10438:
10427:
10424:
10423:
10416:
10415:
10408:
10401:
10393:
10384:
10383:
10374:Prince Consort
10371:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10348:
10346:
10342:
10341:
10339:
10338:
10331:
10326:
10320:
10318:
10314:
10313:
10311:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10294:
10292:
10288:
10287:
10285:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10258:
10256:
10255:9th generation
10252:
10251:
10249:
10248:
10241:
10234:
10227:
10220:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10196:King George VI
10193:
10187:
10185:
10184:8th generation
10181:
10180:
10178:
10177:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10127:
10125:
10124:7th generation
10121:
10120:
10118:
10117:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10089:
10087:
10086:6th generation
10083:
10082:
10080:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10063:
10061:
10060:5th generation
10057:
10056:
10054:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10006:King George IV
10002:
10000:
9999:4th generation
9996:
9995:
9993:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9966:
9964:
9963:3rd generation
9960:
9959:
9957:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9940:
9938:
9937:2nd generation
9934:
9933:
9931:
9930:
9928:King George II
9924:
9922:
9921:1st generation
9918:
9917:
9902:
9899:
9898:
9891:
9890:
9883:
9876:
9868:
9859:
9858:
9856:
9855:
9854:(2023–present)
9849:
9843:
9837:
9831:
9823:
9817:
9810:
9807:
9806:
9799:
9798:
9791:
9784:
9776:
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9758:
9752:
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9710:British Empire
9707:
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9676:
9671:
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9609:
9605:
9604:
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9586:
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9576:
9575:
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9567:Prime Minister
9564:
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9425:
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9410:
9405:
9400:
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9390:
9385:
9380:
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9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
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9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
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9250:
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9240:
9235:
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9215:
9210:
9205:
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9168:
9166:House of Lords
9157:
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9017:
9012:
9006:External wars
9004:
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8708:
8703:
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8680:Edward Balliol
8676:
8671:
8666:
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8644:
8639:
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8537:
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8504:
8497:
8489:
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8396:
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8384:
8379:
8374:
8367:
8362:
8355:
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8345:
8340:
8335:
8332:Edgar Ætheling
8328:
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8308:
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8298:
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8286:
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8139:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8125:
8118:
8115:James Hadfield
8111:
8104:
8097:
8090:
8083:
8080:King's Library
8075:
8073:
8069:
8068:
8065:
8064:
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7990:
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7936:
7926:
7916:
7906:
7896:
7886:
7876:
7865:
7863:
7858:Theatre, film,
7855:
7854:
7852:
7851:
7843:
7835:
7833:(c. 1778–1789)
7827:
7818:
7816:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7808:
7798:
7788:
7777:
7775:
7768:
7760:
7759:
7757:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7728:Golden Jubilee
7724:
7717:
7710:
7703:
7696:
7689:
7688:
7687:
7673:
7666:
7659:
7652:
7644:
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7603:
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7427:
7418:
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7411:
7402:
7399:
7398:
7391:
7390:
7383:
7376:
7368:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7335:King of France
7324:
7319:
7315:
7314:
7308:
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7302:
7289:
7284:
7280:
7279:
7273:
7272:
7264:
7259:
7250:
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7210:
7207:
7198:
7190:
7189:
7182:
7172:
7171:
7164:
7151:
7146:
7142:
7141:
7140:Regnal titles
7137:
7136:
7127:4 June 1738
7115:
7108:
7105:
7100:
7099:
7087:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7050:
7049:at BBC History
7044:
7035:
7024:
7023:External links
7021:
7020:
7019:
7010:
6996:
6982:
6977:978-1984879264
6976:
6956:
6927:
6915:
6887:(5583): 7–18.
6872:
6829:
6820:
6811:
6802:
6797:978-0333919620
6796:
6781:
6761:10.1086/385501
6744:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6706:
6688:
6679:
6673:
6657:
6645:
6633:
6623:(228): 16–31.
6607:
6601:
6586:
6577:
6568:
6562:
6546:
6532:
6516:
6509:, ed. (1964).
6503:
6494:
6489:978-0300191073
6488:
6473:
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6432:
6412:
6406:
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6362:
6347:
6341:
6327:Cannon, John;
6324:
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6084:
6064:
6057:
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6028:Berry, William
6018:
5992:
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5952:978-3643900043
5951:
5931:
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5823:
5814:
5805:
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5767:
5758:
5749:
5747:Brooke, p. 90.
5740:
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5722:
5696:
5673:
5667:978-0230599437
5666:
5646:
5636:978-1317471806
5635:
5608:
5581:
5577:The New Yorker
5565:
5556:
5530:
5521:
5519:Black, p. 410.
5509:
5500:
5491:
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5473:
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5446:
5437:
5435:Pares, p. 139.
5428:
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4994:(3): 261–264.
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4635:
4633:(1994) p. 129.
4623:
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4581:978-0801873393
4580:
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4411:Thomas, p. 31.
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4010:
3998:Hadlow, Janice
3989:
3980:
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3962:
3960:Ayling, p. 33.
3953:
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3919:
3910:
3890:
3881:
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3805:
3796:
3776:
3774:. 24 May 1738.
3764:
3762:Hibbert, p. 8.
3755:
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3704:
3694:
3690:Horace Walpole
3681:
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3062:20 August 1782
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3031:
3028:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3013:Married 1816,
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2999:
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2993:Married 1818,
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2883:Queen Victoria
2877:Married 1818,
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2857:Married 1797,
2855:
2854:6 October 1828
2852:
2849:
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2829:
2828:21 August 1765
2826:
2820:
2819:
2814:Married 1791,
2812:
2811:5 January 1827
2809:
2808:16 August 1763
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2415:Following the
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2250:Prince-elector
2246:Arch-Treasurer
2208:
2207:
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2193:
2186:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2132:Georgium Sidus
2075:reigned longer
2051:
2048:
1987:Andrew Roberts
1983:Atlantic slave
1963:
1960:
1940:Windsor Castle
1913:Lord Liverpool
1865:
1862:
1833:Lord Grenville
1731:Ottoman Empire
1681:James Hadfield
1663:Caricature by
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1620:Francis Willis
1596:Cheltenham Spa
1583:'s subsequent
1559:Richard Hunter
1538:
1535:
1484:House of Lords
1482:to inform the
1455:Lord Shelburne
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1413:, or England.
1335:Dutch Republic
1261:following the
1229:to be traitors
1170:
1167:
1142:Port of Boston
1119:Edward Walpole
1078:
1075:
995:Indian reserve
948:Peace of Paris
899:
896:
892:King's Library
834:Lord Hardwicke
823:
820:
818:
815:
807:Windsor Castle
735:
732:
724:prime minister
664:Joseph Addison
635:stood proxy).
625:Lord Carnarvon
617:Lord Baltimore
589:King George II
567:Richard Wilson
542:
539:
503:mental illness
496:British Empire
436:King George II
413:Prince-elector
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170:(aged 81)
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10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10918:
10916:
10913:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
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10857:
10855:
10836:
10832:
10826:
10819:
10816:
10813:
10810:
10807:
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10798:
10795:
10792:
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10760:
10757:
10754:
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10709:
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10697:
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10683:
10679:
10674:
10667:
10656:
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10649:
10646:
10643:
10639:
10636:
10633:
10629:
10626:
10623:
10619:
10616:
10613:
10612:Albert Edward
10609:
10606:
10603:
10599:
10596:
10593:
10589:
10586:
10583:
10579:
10576:
10573:
10569:
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10563:
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10556:
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10549:
10546:
10543:
10539:
10536:
10533:
10529:
10526:
10523:
10519:
10516:
10513:
10509:
10506:
10503:
10499:
10496:
10493:
10489:
10486:
10483:
10479:
10476:
10473:
10469:
10466:
10463:
10459:
10456:
10453:
10449:
10446:
10443:
10439:
10436:
10433:
10429:
10428:
10425:
10421:
10414:
10409:
10407:
10402:
10400:
10395:
10394:
10391:
10380:
10375:
10369:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10349:
10347:
10343:
10337:
10336:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10321:
10319:
10315:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10295:
10293:
10289:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10259:
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10253:
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10240:
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10235:
10233:
10232:
10228:
10226:
10225:
10221:
10219:
10218:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10188:
10186:
10182:
10176:
10175:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10158:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10136:King George V
10134:
10132:
10129:
10128:
10126:
10122:
10116:
10115:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10090:
10088:
10084:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10067:Prince Albert
10065:
10064:
10062:
10058:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10046:Prince Alfred
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10003:
10001:
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9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9967:
9965:
9961:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9941:
9939:
9935:
9929:
9926:
9925:
9923:
9919:
9914:
9910:
9906:
9900:
9896:
9889:
9884:
9882:
9877:
9875:
9870:
9869:
9866:
9853:
9850:
9847:
9844:
9841:
9838:
9835:
9832:
9829:
9828:
9824:
9821:
9818:
9815:
9812:
9811:
9808:
9804:
9797:
9792:
9790:
9785:
9783:
9778:
9777:
9774:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9753:
9751:
9747:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9702:
9700:
9696:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9666:
9664:
9660:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9645:
9643:
9639:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9617:
9616:
9615:Great Britain
9613:
9612:
9610:
9606:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9594:Patriot Whigs
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9573:
9570:
9569:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9562:Privy Council
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9461:
9458:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9185:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9163:
9162:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9152:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9129:
9126:
9122:
9119:
9118:
9117:
9114:
9113:
9111:
9107:
9099:
9089:
9086:
9082:
9079:
9078:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9065:
9062:
9061:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9031:
9028:
9027:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9007:
9005:
9001:
9000:Union of 1801
8998:
8996:
8995:Union of 1707
8993:
8992:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8965:
8960:
8958:
8953:
8951:
8946:
8945:
8942:
8930:
8927:
8926:
8923:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8849:
8846:
8840:
8839:
8834:
8833:
8830:
8826:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8766:
8763:
8757:
8755:
8750:
8749:
8746:
8742:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8681:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8655:
8653:
8652:Alexander III
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8567:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8530:
8526:
8524:
8523:
8519:
8517:
8516:
8512:
8510:
8509:
8508:Constantine I
8505:
8503:
8502:
8498:
8496:
8495:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8466:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8389:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8360:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8333:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8296:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8254:
8250:
8248:
8247:
8243:
8241:
8240:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8232:
8228:
8225:
8224:
8219:
8215:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8195:
8190:
8188:
8183:
8181:
8176:
8175:
8172:
8159:
8158:
8153:
8150:
8149:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8133:
8131:
8126:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8112:
8109:
8105:
8102:
8098:
8095:
8091:
8088:
8084:
8081:
8077:
8076:
8074:
8070:
8058:
8057:
8052:
8048:
8047:
8042:
8041:
8039:
8035:
8027:
8026:
8021:
8017:
8016:
8011:
8007:
8006:
8001:
7997:
7996:
7991:
7987:
7986:
7981:
7977:
7976:
7971:
7967:
7966:
7961:
7957:
7953:
7952:
7947:
7943:
7942:
7937:
7933:
7932:
7931:Prince Regent
7927:
7923:
7922:
7917:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7903:
7902:
7897:
7893:
7892:
7887:
7883:
7882:
7877:
7873:
7872:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7856:
7848:
7844:
7840:
7836:
7832:
7828:
7824:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7813:
7805:
7804:
7799:
7795:
7794:
7789:
7785:
7784:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7761:
7752:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7741:
7736:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7725:
7722:
7718:
7715:
7711:
7708:
7704:
7701:
7697:
7694:
7690:
7685:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7671:
7667:
7664:
7660:
7657:
7653:
7650:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7639:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7400:
7396:
7389:
7384:
7382:
7377:
7375:
7370:
7369:
7366:
7360:
7353:
7345:
7342:
7338:
7337:
7336:
7329:
7322:
7316:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7294:
7287:
7281:
7278:
7274:
7271:
7270:
7263:
7256:
7255:
7248:
7242:
7239:
7235:
7230:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7213:
7204:
7203:
7197:
7196:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7183:
7179:
7178:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7149:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7126:
7121:
7120:
7119:House of Welf
7113:
7112:
7103:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7058:
7054:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7030:
7027:
7026:
7016:
7011:
7009:British views
7007:(2): 126–132.
7006:
7002:
7001:History Today
6997:
6993:
6992:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6830:
6826:
6821:
6817:
6812:
6808:
6803:
6799:
6793:
6789:
6788:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6755:(2): 78–101.
6754:
6750:
6745:
6742:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6720:
6719:
6709:
6707:0-669-13423-6
6703:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6680:
6676:
6674:0-7126-7448-9
6670:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6598:
6594:
6593:
6587:
6583:
6578:
6574:
6569:
6565:
6563:0-593-04148-8
6559:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6512:
6508:
6507:Reitan, E. A.
6504:
6500:
6495:
6491:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6461:
6457:
6455:0-14-025737-3
6451:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6433:0-297-76911-1
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6403:
6399:
6398:
6392:
6388:
6382:
6377:
6376:
6369:
6365:
6363:0-8203-1146-4
6359:
6355:
6354:
6348:
6344:
6342:0-19-822786-8
6338:
6334:
6330:
6325:
6321:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6298:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6248:
6244:
6242:0-09-456110-9
6238:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6220:0-300-11732-9
6216:
6212:
6209:. New Haven:
6208:
6204:
6203:Black, Jeremy
6200:
6196:
6191:
6187:
6186:Farmer George
6182:
6178:
6176:0-00-211412-7
6172:
6168:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6147:
6143:
6142:
6135:
6127:
6125:9780750953825
6121:
6117:
6116:
6108:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6088:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6068:
6060:
6054:
6050:
6043:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6022:
6007:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5983:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5962:
5954:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5935:
5926:
5924:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5818:
5809:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5789:
5780:
5771:
5762:
5753:
5744:
5735:
5726:
5710:
5706:
5700:
5684:
5677:
5669:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5650:
5642:
5638:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5596:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5574:
5569:
5560:
5544:
5540:
5534:
5525:
5516:
5514:
5504:
5495:
5486:
5477:
5468:
5459:
5450:
5441:
5432:
5416:
5410:
5408:
5392:
5388:
5382:
5373:
5364:
5357:
5356:
5350:
5341:
5332:
5323:
5314:
5305:
5296:
5290:Weir, p. 286.
5287:
5285:
5275:
5266:
5258:
5256:0-394-70322-7
5252:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5229:
5220:
5211:
5202:
5193:
5184:
5175:
5159:
5155:
5149:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5107:
5103:
5097:
5088:
5080:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5027:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4935:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4890:
4881:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4848:
4840:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4797:
4788:
4779:
4770:
4761:
4752:
4743:
4734:
4725:
4716:
4707:
4700:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4661:
4654:
4648:
4639:
4632:
4627:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4591:
4583:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4543:
4534:
4525:
4516:
4507:
4505:
4495:
4486:
4477:
4468:
4460:
4453:
4444:
4435:
4426:
4417:
4408:
4399:
4390:
4381:
4372:
4370:
4360:
4351:
4342:
4333:
4324:
4315:
4306:
4300:Black, p. 82.
4297:
4288:
4279:
4270:
4261:
4252:
4243:
4234:
4225:
4216:
4207:
4198:
4189:
4180:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4152:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4127:"Our history"
4122:
4113:
4104:
4097:
4091:
4082:
4073:
4064:
4055:
4046:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4013:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3984:
3975:
3966:
3957:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3923:
3914:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3885:
3876:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3846:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3800:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3759:
3750:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3698:
3691:
3685:
3678:
3677:Olivia Serres
3674:
3673:Lavinia Ryves
3670:
3666:
3660:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3116:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3080:
3077:
3075:7 August 1783
3074:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Prince Alfred
3052:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3010:30 April 1857
3009:
3007:25 April 1776
3006:
3004:
3003:Princess Mary
3000:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2956:21 April 1843
2955:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:Grandchildren
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:Prince Alfred
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2443:
2438:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2283:Great Britain
2272:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2220:Great Britain
2217:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2185:Prince George
2184:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2087:
2084:Extract from
2082:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:Henry Clinton
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1979:abolitionists
1972:
1968:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1872:Engraving by
1870:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1706:habeas corpus
1701:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1665:James Gillray
1661:
1654:
1649:
1643:War in Europe
1635:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1443:James Gillray
1440:
1435:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1351:Lord Weymouth
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1259:John Burgoyne
1256:
1251:
1247:
1244:The colonies
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1150:Massachusetts
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:Boston Harbor
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1087:Johan Zoffany
1083:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:the runner-up
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:New York City
1048:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
944:
939:
935:
931:
930:
925:
921:
917:
909:
904:
895:
893:
889:
886:and a set of
885:
884:
879:
875:
870:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
829:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
776:Lord Harcourt
773:
769:
765:
761:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
709:
705:
700:
696:
694:
690:
686:
685:heir apparent
681:
679:
675:
671:
670:
665:
661:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:Thomas Secker
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:Norfolk House
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:Prince Edward
547:
538:
536:
532:
531:longest-lived
528:
524:
520:
519:Prince Regent
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:revolutionary
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:heir apparent
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:Great Britain
398:
394:
390:
386:
377:
373:
369:
366:
363:
359:
356:
353:
349:
346:
343:
339:
336:
333:
331:
327:
318:
313:
309:
303:
300:
298:
297:Prince Alfred
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
227:
225:
221:
202:
197:
193:
189:
186:Royal Vault,
182:
178:
174:
165:
161:
157:
156:Norfolk House
152:
141:
137:
133:
129:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
99:
97:
93:
86:
82:
76:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
10793:
10758:
10741:
10729:Electors of
10677:
10654:
10644:
10634:
10624:
10614:
10604:
10594:
10591:
10584:
10574:
10564:
10554:
10544:
10534:
10524:
10514:
10504:
10494:
10484:
10474:
10464:
10454:
10444:
10434:
10378:
10333:
10243:
10236:
10229:
10222:
10215:
10172:
10155:
10112:
9969:
9912:
9908:
9825:
9819:
9641:Architecture
9599:Kit-Cat Club
9142:
9109:Royal houses
9010:Seven Years'
8928:
8907:Elizabeth II
8866:
8835:
8751:
8678:
8656:
8647:Alexander II
8564:
8527:
8520:
8513:
8506:
8499:
8492:
8474:
8463:
8386:
8369:
8357:
8330:
8293:
8251:
8244:
8237:
8155:
8146:
8129:
8054:
8044:
8023:
8018:(2015, play)
8013:
8003:
7993:
7983:
7978:(1994, film)
7973:
7968:(1991, play)
7963:
7958:" (1987, TV)
7949:
7941:In the Ruins
7939:
7929:
7919:
7914:(1975, film)
7911:Barry Lyndon
7909:
7899:
7894:(1947, film)
7889:
7884:(1942, film)
7879:
7874:(1924, film)
7869:
7801:
7791:
7781:
7735:Jubilee Rock
7394:
7343:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7304:
7298:1st creation
7297:
7291:
7267:
7261:
7252:
7226:
7219:
7200:
7193:
7184:
7175:
7166:
7153:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7109:
7094:
7014:
7004:
7000:
6990:
6968:Viking Press
6963:
6935:
6931:
6922:
6884:
6880:
6841:
6837:
6824:
6815:
6806:
6786:
6752:
6748:
6727:
6723:
6696:
6683:
6664:
6661:Weir, Alison
6652:
6640:
6620:
6614:
6591:
6581:
6575:. Macmillan.
6572:
6553:
6523:
6510:
6498:
6478:
6464:
6445:
6419:
6396:
6374:
6352:
6332:
6301:
6292:Cannon, John
6283:
6255:
6251:
6232:
6229:Brooke, John
6206:
6185:
6165:
6157:Bibliography
6145:
6140:
6134:
6114:
6107:
6096:
6087:
6076:
6067:
6048:
6042:
6032:
6021:
6009:. Retrieved
6005:
5995:
5982:
5970:
5966:
5961:
5941:
5934:
5911:
5899:
5887:
5875:
5863:
5851:
5839:
5830:
5826:
5817:
5808:
5793:
5788:
5779:
5770:
5761:
5752:
5743:
5734:
5725:
5715:14 September
5713:. Retrieved
5699:
5687:. Retrieved
5676:
5660:. Springer.
5656:
5649:
5641:Google Books
5639:– via
5621:
5611:
5599:. Retrieved
5594:
5584:
5576:
5568:
5559:
5547:. Retrieved
5542:
5533:
5524:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5476:
5467:
5458:
5449:
5440:
5431:
5419:. Retrieved
5394:. Retrieved
5390:
5381:
5372:
5363:
5353:
5349:
5340:
5331:
5322:
5313:
5304:
5295:
5274:
5265:
5246:
5237:
5228:
5219:
5210:
5201:
5192:
5183:
5174:
5162:. Retrieved
5148:
5136:. Retrieved
5131:
5122:
5110:. Retrieved
5105:
5096:
5087:
5042:
5036:
5026:
4991:
4987:
4977:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4880:
4863:
4857:
4847:
4815:(1): 65–71.
4812:
4806:
4796:
4787:
4778:
4769:
4760:
4751:
4742:
4733:
4724:
4715:
4705:
4699:
4687:. Retrieved
4683:
4673:
4665:
4660:
4647:
4638:
4630:
4626:
4617:
4608:
4599:
4590:
4571:
4565:
4542:
4533:
4524:
4515:
4494:
4485:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4452:
4443:
4434:
4425:
4416:
4407:
4398:
4389:
4380:
4359:
4350:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4296:
4287:
4278:
4269:
4260:
4251:
4242:
4233:
4224:
4215:
4206:
4197:
4188:
4179:
4167:. Retrieved
4163:The Guardian
4161:
4151:
4139:. Retrieved
4135:the original
4130:
4121:
4112:
4103:
4090:
4081:
4072:
4063:
4054:
4045:
4033:. Retrieved
4020:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3913:
3902:
3893:
3884:
3863:. Retrieved
3849:
3799:
3788:
3779:
3771:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3737:. Retrieved
3732:
3729:"George III"
3697:
3684:
3659:
3627:
3615:
3324:
2997:; had issue
2831:20 June 1837
2788:26 June 1830
2709:
2680:
2660:
2614:
2534:
2525:
2414:
2386:for Scotland
2360:three lions
2351:
2336:fleur-de-lis
2321:
2311:
2292:22 June 1749
2291:
2257:
2235:
2228:Edward III's
2222:united with
2209:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2160:Lewis Namier
2149:
2140:
2131:
2091:
2085:
2068:Elizabeth II
2064:
2053:
2041:
2031:
2004:
1976:
1952:lay in state
1933:
1906:
1879:
1830:
1824:
1798:
1791:
1750:Act of Union
1747:
1739:First Consul
1704:
1693:
1675:in 1786 and
1670:
1632:Regency Bill
1628:
1593:
1574:
1571:Alan Bennett
1552:
1531:
1502:
1471:
1452:
1438:
1415:
1378:
1374:Gordon riots
1370:John Vaughan
1366:
1355:
1319:Lord Chatham
1316:
1298:Portrait by
1286:
1267:
1243:
1238:Common Sense
1236:
1233:Thomas Paine
1197:
1187:
1135:
1123:
1103:
1092:
1085:Portrait by
1043:
1020:
1003:
988:
962:, including
956:West Florida
941:
927:
913:
908:Allan Ramsay
906:Portrait by
881:
865:Crown Estate
858:
831:
796:
790:was held at
784:Chapel Royal
778:, the royal
756:
742:, sister of
737:
713:
682:
673:
667:
656:
637:
578:
517:, was named
500:
433:
384:
383:
168:(1820-01-29)
36:
11035:Regency era
10870:1820 deaths
10865:1738 births
10645:(1958–2022)
10635:(1910–1936)
10625:(1901–1910)
10615:(1841–1901)
10605:(1762–1820)
10595:(1751–1760)
10585:(1728–1751)
10575:(1714–1727)
10555:(1641–1649)
10545:(1616–1625)
10535:(1610–1612)
10525:(1537–1547)
10515:(1504–1509)
10505:(1489–1502)
10495:(1483–1484)
10485:(1471–1483)
10475:(1454–1471)
10465:(1399–1413)
10455:(1376–1377)
10445:(1343–1376)
10435:(1301–1307)
10211:Prince John
9848:(2021–2022)
9842:(1947–2021)
9836:(1866–1900)
9830:(1764–1834)
9822:(1751–1760)
9816:(1726–1751)
9669:Periodicals
9015:Jenkins Ear
8912:Charles III
8897:Edward VIII
8627:Alexander I
8607:Malcolm III
8582:Kenneth III
8482:Elizabeth I
8444:Richard III
8157:George IV →
8148:← George II
7751:Regency era
7631:Descendants
7269:George (IV)
7106:George III
6093:"No. 17149"
6073:"No. 15324"
6011:25 December
5796:. Pimlico.
4947:(1): 3–19.
4684:history.com
3030:27 May 1848
3017:; no issue
2990:8 July 1850
2930:5 June 1771
2920:; no issue
2910:22 May 1770
2818:; no issue
2390:for Ireland
2370:for England
2204:His Majesty
2164:Butterfield
2156:Erskine May
2126:discovered
2027:Nova Scotia
1934:He died of
1874:Henry Meyer
1864:Final years
1806:Bishop Hurd
1655:, 1799/1800
1638:Later reign
1514: 1785
1480:Lord Temple
1303: [
1274:his cabinet
1099:Anne Horton
999:Nova Scotia
984:New Orleans
960:West Indies
943:in absentia
924:John Wilkes
861:Crown lands
817:Early reign
574: 1749
365:Anglicanism
105:Predecessor
10860:George III
10854:Categories
10794:George III
10759:George III
9761:Royal arms
9720:Window tax
9662:Literature
9648:Queen Anne
9589:Whig Junto
9460:Elections:
9161:Parliament
9143:George III
9059:Jacobitism
9054:Whig plots
8887:Edward VII
8877:William IV
8867:George III
8796:Charles II
8691:Robert III
8637:Malcolm IV
8612:Donald III
8587:Malcolm II
8572:Kenneth II
8454:Henry VIII
8414:Richard II
8409:Edward III
8343:William II
8316:Harthacnut
8130:George III
8108:John Frith
8028:(2023, TV)
7998:(2008, TV)
7995:John Adams
7988:(2000, TV)
7934:(1979, TV)
7924:(1976, TV)
7862:television
7766:depictions
7649:Coronation
7545:(daughter)
7521:(daughter)
7513:(daughter)
7481:(daughter)
7473:(daughter)
7457:(daughter)
7395:George III
7301:1751–1760
7258:1751–1760
7047:George III
7038:George III
7029:George III
6838:Br. Med. J
6542:1334883294
6467:. p.
6422:. London:
6407:0300107595
6322:required.)
5973:, London,
5908:"No. 8971"
5896:"No. 8963"
5884:"No. 8902"
5872:"No. 8898"
5860:"No. 8860"
5848:"No. 8735"
5836:"No. 8734"
5549:7 November
5421:25 October
5396:31 October
4897:The Lancet
4141:7 November
4035:14 October
3899:"No. 9050"
3877:required.)
3865:29 October
3785:"No. 7712"
3710:References
3046:3 May 1783
2824:William IV
2550:William IV
2526:George III
2493:See also:
2406:for Saxony
2376:Or a lion
2324:royal arms
2056:William IV
1921:electorate
1886:rheumatism
1759:Edward III
1677:John Frith
1429:Government
1417:John Adams
1347:Lord Gower
1270:Lord North
1071:Lord North
1015:stamp duty
968:Martinique
964:Guadeloupe
888:Canalettos
869:civil list
803:Kew Palace
760:Protestant
631:(for whom
623:(for whom
615:(for whom
541:Early life
385:George III
242:William IV
145:1738-06-04
96:Coronation
42:George III
10800:George IV
10784:Kings of
10753:George II
10582:Frederick
9814:Frederick
9608:Geography
9273:1760–1764
9268:1755–1759
9263:1750–1754
9258:1745–1749
9253:1740–1744
9248:1735–1739
9243:1730–1734
9238:1725–1729
9233:1720–1724
9228:1715–1719
9138:George II
8902:George VI
8872:George IV
8862:George II
8774:Charles I
8756:from 1603
8706:James III
8686:Robert II
8642:William I
8617:Duncan II
8545:Malcolm I
8535:Donald II
8459:Edward VI
8449:Henry VII
8434:Edward IV
8404:Edward II
8394:Henry III
8377:Richard I
8338:William I
8259:Æthelstan
7985:Longitude
7860:radio and
7774:Paintings
7617:(brother)
7601:(brother)
7593:(brother)
7577:(brother)
7479:Elizabeth
7321:George II
7247:Frederick
7212:George IV
7148:George II
6952:143613757
6777:162958860
6006:Heraldica
5689:22 August
5685:. History
5627:Routledge
5601:21 August
5595:slate.com
5355:The Times
4668:, p. 306.
4664:Bullion,
3645:New Style
2781:George IV
2540:George IV
2380:within a
2354:Quarterly
2238:Brunswick
2152:Trevelyan
2114:built in
2034:Liverpool
1936:pneumonia
1902:George IV
1882:cataracts
1800:The Times
1624:poultices
1579:, and in
1563:porphyria
1447:money bag
1424:Mid reign
1411:Caribbean
1339:Loyalists
1323:Louis XVI
1158:the Crown
1011:Stamp Act
982:, except
720:Lord Bute
511:porphyria
407:into the
371:Signature
232:George IV
119:George IV
115:Successor
109:George II
10818:George V
10678:See also
9913:princess
9905:George I
9653:Georgian
9625:Scotland
9552:Monarchy
9154:Politics
9133:George I
9081:Scotland
8892:George V
8882:Victoria
8857:George I
8726:James VI
8711:James IV
8701:James II
8674:David II
8669:Robert I
8658:Margaret
8592:Duncan I
8501:Donald I
8439:Edward V
8429:Henry VI
8419:Henry IV
8399:Edward I
8365:Henry II
8264:Edmund I
8253:Ælfweard
8211:monarchs
8205:Scottish
7839:Weymouth
7823:Montreal
7764:Cultural
7625:(sister)
7609:(sister)
7585:(sister)
7569:(sister)
7561:(mother)
7553:(father)
7527:Octavius
6988:(1911).
6962:(2021).
6736:44225322
6663:(1996).
6651:(1960).
6639:(1912).
6522:(2023).
6444:(1999).
6418:(1975).
6331:(1988).
6294:(2004).
6282:(1957).
6231:(1972).
6205:(2006).
6030:(1810).
5619:(2015).
5245:(1966).
5158:BBC News
5079:28328964
5038:PLOS One
5018:21902081
4969:22391207
4961:21877427
4926:13109527
4918:16039338
4689:19 April
4000:(2014).
3739:18 April
3590:See also
3088:Ancestry
2633:Victoria
2535:Children
2404:Argent (
2382:tressure
2374:impaling
2242:Lüneburg
2206:The King
2060:Victoria
1929:dementia
1612:Cotehele
1573:'s play
1493:election
1441:(1786),
1387:and the
1309:, 1781 (
1235:'s book
1036:Bust by
978:and the
854:autocrat
666:'s play
660:Anglican
523:Georgian
484:Napoleon
399:unified
361:Religion
10833:**also
10829:* also
10806:William
10786:Hanover
10731:Hanover
10652:William
10642:Charles
10552:Charles
10542:Charles
9846:Charles
9749:Symbols
9620:England
9128:Hanover
8985:History
8810:Mary II
8716:James V
8696:James I
8632:David I
8597:Macbeth
8529:Eochaid
8424:Henry V
8359:Matilda
8353:Stephen
8348:Henry I
8209:British
8203:,
8201:English
8072:Related
7871:America
7471:Augusta
7408:Hanover
7159:Ireland
7083:of the
7079:in the
7055:at the
6911:4866084
6902:1984936
6868:5323262
6859:1843211
6616:History
6272:2946866
5597:. Slate
5164:23 July
5138:10 June
5112:10 June
5070:5362044
5047:Bibcode
5009:4953321
4839:5323262
4830:1843211
4169:4 April
2973:(later
2402:courant
2378:rampant
2304:Ireland
2268:Honours
2252:of the
2224:Ireland
2122:. When
2038:Bristol
1962:Slavery
1925:kingdom
1741:of the
1715:Treason
1709:. Pitt
1567:arsenic
1537:Illness
1528:(baby).
1400:in the
1154:altered
1146:charter
728:Dowager
674:England
646:(later
563:Bristol
557:(later
527:Regency
486:at the
470:in the
462:in the
419:in the
417:Hanover
405:Ireland
393:Ireland
335:Hanover
217:
209:
205:
71:Elector
10632:Edward
10622:George
10602:George
10592:George
10572:George
10565:(1688)
10522:Edward
10502:Arthur
10482:Edward
9909:prince
9852:Edward
9840:Philip
9834:Alfred
9820:George
9584:Tories
9116:Stuart
8721:Mary I
8602:Lulach
8566:Amlaíb
8560:Cuilén
8550:Indulf
8476:Philip
8471:Mary I
8274:Eadwig
8269:Eadred
8132:(ship)
8059:(2008)
8049:(2004)
7849:(1831)
7841:(1809)
7825:(1773)
7806:(1809)
7796:(1798)
7786:(1762)
7543:Amelia
7535:Alfred
7519:Sophia
7425:(wife)
7415:Family
7262:Vacant
7130:
6974:
6950:
6909:
6899:
6866:
6856:
6794:
6775:
6769:175147
6767:
6734:
6704:
6671:
6599:
6560:
6540:
6530:
6486:
6452:
6430:
6404:
6383:
6360:
6339:
6316:
6270:
6239:
6217:
6173:
6122:
6055:
5986:Shaw,
5949:
5800:
5711:. 2021
5664:
5633:
5253:
5077:
5067:
5016:
5006:
4967:
4959:
4924:
4916:
4872:563552
4870:
4837:
4827:
4578:
4094:Baer,
4008:
3871:
3669:Quaker
2775:Notes
2392:); IV
2343:Argent
2280:
2128:Uranus
2050:Legacy
1894:
1737:, the
1547:guinea
1526:Amelia
1522:Sophia
1409:, the
1407:Canada
1362:armada
1194:(1854)
1089:, 1771
1040:, 1767
972:Canada
910:, 1762
852:as an
710:, 1754
644:Edward
607:, and
595:, and
565:), by
460:France
442:, and
351:Mother
341:Father
195:Spouse
180:Burial
126:Regent
56:, 1762
10562:James
10512:Henry
9698:Other
9630:Wales
9579:Whigs
9557:Peers
8622:Edgar
8522:Giric
8388:Louis
8295:Sweyn
7641:Reign
7537:(son)
7529:(son)
7505:(son)
7497:(son)
7489:(son)
7465:(son)
7449:(son)
7441:(son)
7433:(son)
7132:Died:
7125:Born:
6948:S2CID
6773:S2CID
6765:JSTOR
6732:JSTOR
6268:JSTOR
6144:[
5988:p. ix
5975:p. 44
5417:. BBC
4965:S2CID
4922:S2CID
4868:JSTOR
3607:Notes
2772:Death
2769:Birth
2489:Issue
2358:Gules
2332:Azure
2328:label
2212:style
2071:lived
1923:to a
1555:mania
1545:Gold
1307:]
1223:sent
850:Whigs
330:House
315:Names
224:Issue
211:(
207:
153:]
84:Reign
9911:and
9756:Flag
9572:list
9545:1796
9540:1790
9535:1784
9530:1780
9525:1774
9520:1768
9515:1761
9510:1754
9505:1747
9500:1741
9495:1734
9490:1727
9485:1722
9480:1715
9475:1713
9470:1710
9465:1708
9453:1800
9448:1799
9443:1798
9438:1797
9433:1796
9428:1795
9423:1794
9418:1793
9413:1792
9408:1791
9403:1790
9398:1789
9393:1788
9388:1787
9383:1786
9378:1785
9373:1784
9368:1783
9363:1782
9358:1781
9353:1780
9348:1779
9343:1778
9338:1777
9333:1776
9328:1775
9323:1774
9318:1773
9313:1772
9308:1771
9303:1770
9298:1769
9293:1768
9288:1767
9283:1766
9278:1765
9223:1714
9218:1713
9213:1712
9208:1711
9203:1710
9198:1709
9193:1708
9188:1707
9121:Anne
8852:Anne
8815:Anne
8808:and
8664:John
8473:and
8465:Jane
8382:John
8306:Cnut
7406:and
7157:and
6972:ISBN
6907:PMID
6864:PMID
6792:ISBN
6702:ISBN
6669:ISBN
6597:ISBN
6558:ISBN
6538:OCLC
6528:ISBN
6484:ISBN
6450:ISBN
6428:ISBN
6402:ISBN
6381:ISBN
6358:ISBN
6337:ISBN
6237:ISBN
6215:ISBN
6171:ISBN
6120:ISBN
6053:ISBN
6013:2021
5947:ISBN
5798:ISBN
5717:2021
5691:2021
5662:ISBN
5631:ISBN
5603:2021
5551:2017
5423:2019
5398:2009
5251:ISBN
5166:2018
5140:2023
5114:2023
5075:PMID
5014:PMID
4957:PMID
4914:PMID
4835:PMID
4691:2022
4576:ISBN
4171:2015
4143:2017
4037:2008
4006:ISBN
3867:2008
3741:2016
3667:, a
3539:15.
3481:14.
3419:13.
3361:12.
3297:11.
3239:10.
2766:Name
2398:semy
2368:Or (
2366:pale
2356:, I
2318:Arms
2248:and
2240:and
2154:and
2073:and
2036:and
1981:and
1717:and
1694:The
1606:and
1585:film
1518:Mary
1349:and
1341:and
1198:The
1177:and
1152:was
966:and
846:Tory
805:and
669:Cato
559:Dean
533:and
525:and
478:and
450:and
403:and
391:and
163:Died
139:Born
8555:Dub
8515:Áed
7085:ZBW
6940:doi
6897:PMC
6889:doi
6854:PMC
6846:doi
6757:doi
6625:doi
6469:501
6308:doi
6260:doi
5065:PMC
5055:doi
5004:PMC
4996:doi
4949:doi
4906:doi
4902:366
4825:PMC
4817:doi
3945:doi
3856:doi
3507:7.
3445:3.
3387:6.
3323:1.
3265:5.
3203:2.
3177:9.
3145:4.
3119:8.
2364:in
2256:" (
1938:at
1823:In
1610:at
1602:at
1505:by
1437:In
1148:of
880:'s
706:by
583:in
561:of
509:or
415:of
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4503:^
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2310:,
2290:,
2286::
2244:,
2077:.
2029:.
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1851:,
1789:.
1781:,
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1509:,
1376:.
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1265:.
1190:,
856:.
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571:c.
569:,
498:.
213:m.
151:NS
10808:*
10802:*
10796:*
10761:*
10755:*
10749:*
10714:e
10707:t
10700:v
10412:e
10405:t
10398:v
10381:.
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9880:t
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