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513:. While there is no doubt of Oates' guilt, Jeffreys's conduct was no more decorous than usual; the latter part of the trial has been described as such an exchange of insults between Jeffreys and Oates as to make it doubtful if proceedings could continue. Unable to impose the death penalty, Jeffreys and his colleagues apparently tried to achieve the same result by sentencing Oates to a series of whippings so savage that he might well have died; although, as Kenyon remarks, it was arguably no more than he deserved. Jeffreys was much criticised for his conduct of the trial of the aged and much-respected clergyman
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803:. Reputedly he was disguised as a sailor, and was recognised by a surviving judicial victim, who claimed he could never forget Jeffreys's countenance, although his ferocious eyebrows had been shaven. Jeffreys was terrified of the public when dragged to the Lord Mayor and then to prison "for his own safety". He begged his captors for protection from the mob, who intended "to show him that same mercy he had ever shown to others".
470:
744:, Thomas Neesham. A story is published, that Jeffreys sought to marry a daughter of a rich City merchant and had a secret correspondence with her, through Sarah, her kinswoman and companion. When the merchant discovered the plot he refused his home to Sarah and George did a noble act by marrying her. They married in the church of
441:. Sidney was convicted and executed: Jeffreys's conduct of the trial caused some unease, in particular, his ruling that while two witnesses were normally required in a treason trial, and the Crown had only one, Sidney's own writings on republicanism were a second "witness" on the ground that "to write is to act".
453:, who had presided at the same trial and made clear his doubts about Russell's guilt, much to the King's displeasure. Jeffreys conducted the prosecution with far more dignity and restraint than was usual with him, stressing to the jury that they must not convict unless they were certain of Russell's guilt.
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After reviewing the Lisle case and contemporary opinion Brian Harris QC concludes that 'Given that had to administer a largely inchoate criminal procedure and impose the bloody sentences that the law then required, a balanced judgement would regard
Jeffreys as no worse, perhaps even a little better
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Jeffreys was taken on the twelfth of
September, 1688 . He was first interred privately in the Tower; but three years afterwards, when his memory was something blown over, his friends obtained permission, by a warrant of the queen's dated September 1692, to take his remains under their own care, and
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on 5 September, in the Oak Room (now a tea room) of the
Antelope Hotel. Jeffreys lodged nearby at 6 High West Street, and is said to have used a secret passage from his lodgings to the Oak Room. In 2014 the passage was discovered and was found to be wide enough for three judges to walk through side
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James considered making
Jeffreys Viscount Wrexham and Earl of Flint. James refrained only because Jeffreys remained a Protestant. Despite his loyalty to the king, Jeffreys never hid his contempt for Roman Catholicism: in the last months of James' reign, as the Government drifted without leadership,
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after the two KĂ©rouaille sisters, but no son, so that the male line of George
Jeffreys became extinct. There are descendants through his daughter and granddaughters. John Jeffreys retained his father's loyalty to the Stuart cause. In 1701 he was one of five peers of the realm who voted against the
539:
in the autumn of 1685 to conduct the trials of captured rebels. The centre of the trials was
Taunton, Somerset. Estimates of the numbers executed for treason have been given as high as 700; however, a more likely figure is between 160 and 170 of 1,381 defendants found guilty of treason. Although
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Alice Lisle was accused of sheltering some members of the defeated rebel army who had not yet been found guilty of treason. There was no evidence that she had taken an active part in the rebellion itself, and she was not accused of this. When the jury asked whether her actions could in law be
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A less well-known act of
Jeffreys occurred on assize in Bristol in 1685 when he made the mayor of the city, then sitting fully robed beside him on the bench, go into the dock, and fined him ÂŁ1000 for being a 'kidnapping knave'. Some Bristol traders were known at the time to kidnap their own
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was displayed during his legal career. He suffered from a painful kidney disease that may well have affected his unbridled temper and added to this reputation, and his doctors apparently recommended alcohol to dull the pain, which may have explained his often shocking conduct in court.
767:. Being only 29 at the time of her second marriage, she was described as a 'brisk young widow' and there were some rumours about her. She was said to have a formidable temper: Jeffreys's family went in awe of her, and it was said she was the only person he was afraid of. A popular
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he was accordingly reinterred in a vault under the communion table of St Mary, Aldermanbury, 2nd Nov. 1694. In 1810, during certain repairs, the coffin was uncovered for a time, and the public had sight of the box containing the mortal remains of the feared and hated magistrate.
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in the House of Lords, and felt strongly enough to enter written protests in the House of Lords
Journal. All five, including Jeffreys, were Jacobite sympathisers who felt that it was wrong to exclude the Stuarts from the throne.
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and left in the cellar of Acton Hall (the family home). When Acton Hall was demolished in the 1950s, that painting and one of his brother Thomas were acquired by Simon Yorke, Squire of Erddig and hung in the entrance hall of
445:, meeting him at a wedding two days later, thought his riotous behaviour unbecoming to his office, especially so soon after Sidney's trial. Jeffreys's elevation was seen by many as a reward for the successful conviction of
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by beheading (although the original sentence had been that she was to be burned at the stake). The King's refusal to reprieve her gave rise to a belief that he was taking posthumous revenge on her husband, the
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and coerce it. Despite his misgivings and concerns that James was being overly influenced by hardline Roman
Catholics, the Ecclesiastical Commission took proceedings against various clergy including the
1702:
1667:
791:, when James II fled the country, Jeffreys stayed in London until the last moment, being the only high legal authority in James's abandoned kingdom to perform political duties. When
548:. Furthermore, as the law of the time required a sentence of death for treason, Jeffreys was required to impose it, leaving the king the option of commuting the sentence under the
517:, but these criticisms must be treated with caution since the actual records have disappeared and all the surviving accounts of the trial were written by partisans of Baxter.
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and
Jeffreys's tomb was destroyed. No traces of it remain today. The ruins of the church were transported to the United States in 1966 and rebuilt to its original form in
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409:. These condemnations were remembered against him in 1685 when he secured the conviction of Oates for his perjury at the same trials. Charles II created him a
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Jeffreys has been traditionally accused of vindictiveness and harsh sentencing, none of the convictions has been considered improper, except for that of
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556:'s refusal to use the prerogative as much as was customary for the time rather than Jeffreys's actions that made the government's reprisals so savage.
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had "zeal for religion ... so great as to carry you to the top of the church", and noting that they had narrowly avoided committing a capital offence.
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Jeffreys's only son by Sarah Neesham, John (or Jacky as he was called at home) succeeded to his father's peerage. He married Charlotte, a daughter of
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universities considered by James II to be overly Protestant. The Ecclesiastical Commission's activities came to an end with the Glorious Revolution.
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In 1667, he married Sarah Neesham or Needham, by whom he had seven children; she died in 1678. She was the daughter of the impoverished vicar of
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1231:
The Life of Judge Jeffreys, Chief Justice of the King's Bench Under Charles II and Lord High Chancellor of England During the Reign of James II
888:, a mistress of Charles II and a supporter of Jeffreys in the early stages of his career. John and Charlotte Jeffreys had one daughter, named
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Jeffreys's reputation today is mixed. Some say he was a personally vengeful man. He had bitter personal and professional rivalries with
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in certain instances). His conduct as a judge was to enforce royal policy, resulting in a historical reputation for severity and bias.
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in 1664, but the King had a long memory and may well have felt that Alice should suffer judicial punishment in her husband's place.
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Jeffreys distinguished himself with black humour, for example noting that two brothers convicted of stealing lead from the roof of
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626:, Shropshire. The extant Wem Hall was built in 1666, although it has subsequently been significantly remodelled. He also had
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in connection with the same conspiracy as Sidney: Jeffreys, who had led for the prosecution at Russell's trial, replaced Sir
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256:, the sixth son of John and Margaret Jeffreys. His grandfather, John Jeffreys (died 1622), had been Chief Justice of the
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Mary II, daughter of the deposed James II. She ruled jointly with her husband William III, the former William of Orange.
291:, near Wrexham, from 1668 to 1675. His younger brother, James, made a good ecclesiastical career, becoming Vice-Dean of
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795:'s troops approached London, Jeffreys tried to flee and follow the King abroad. He was captured in a public house in
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considered treasonable, Jeffreys replied affirmatively. The jury then returned a guilty verdict. She was executed at
91:
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Jeffreys was knighted in 1677, became Recorder of London in 1678 when Dolben resigned, and by 1680 had become Chief
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573:, who had been one of his own father's judges at his trial in 1649. Lisle had been murdered by Royalist agents at
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and thus saved a maiden in distress, Sir George had missed the maiden and married the dragon by mistake.
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Jeffreys, presumably after being granted the title 1st Baron of Wem, took the residence of Lowe Hall in
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he was frequently on the bench which condemned numerous innocent men on the perjured evidence of
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1415:
Zook, Melinda. "“The Bloody Assizes:” Whig Martyrdom and Memory after the Glorious Revolution."
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937:(1965) claimed the historical Jeffreys "to be a different person from the Jeffreys of legend".
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His brothers were people of note. Thomas, later Sir Thomas (knighted in 1686), was the English
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from 1652 to 1659, his grandfather's old school, where he was periodically tested by
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circuit of the Great Sessions. His father, also John Jeffreys (1608–1691), was a
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966:. They can still be seen there. Both portraits are reproduced in Keeton's
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Halliday, Paul D. "Jeffreys, George, first Baron Jeffreys (1645–1689)",
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668: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Jeffreys's historical notoriety comes from his actions in 1685, after
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350:. He turned instead to the Court and became Solicitor General to the
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https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol16/pp698-699#h3-0009
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James II, following his accession to the throne, named Jeffreys as
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930:, the historian J. R. Jones refers to Jeffreys as "an alcoholic".
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gives the following account of Judge Jeffreys's death and burial:
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After his fall from power, a portrait of Jeffreys was taken from
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Jeffreys remarked cynically that "the Virgin Mary is to do all".
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1178:"Jeffreys, George, 1st baron Jeffreys of Wem (1645–1689), judge"
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Donald E. Wilkes, Jr. Collection: Chief Justice George Jeffreys
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As Lord Chancellor, Jeffreys was given the presidency of the
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1336:'Intolerance' published by Wildy, Simmonds & Hill, 2008.
314:, London, from 1661 to 1662. He became an undergraduate at
623:
498:
1307:
duchess of Aubigny in the French nobility (1649–1734)",
1299:
Wynne, S. M. "Kéroualle, Louise Renée de Penancoët de,
216:(15 May 1645 – 18 April 1689), also known as "the
1370:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009
334:
Portrait of Judge George Jeffreys, First Baron of Wem
26:"The Bloody Judge" redirects here. For the film, see
1311:
Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008
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He married secondly, in 1679, Anne, daughter of Sir
509:. His first major trial in James' reign was that of
346:, but was passed over for this in 1676 in favour of
1323:House of Lords Journal, Volume 16: 22 May 1701, in
1239:London, Butterworth & Co, Ltd. 1948, pp. 27–28
826:on 18 April 1689. He was originally buried in the
759:, 1665–66; she was the widow of Sir John Jones of
362:), the younger brother of Charles II. Despite his
338:He embarked on a legal career in 1668, becoming a
1454:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). pp. 308–310.
2306:
910:Black and white oval frame portrait of Jeffreys
1046:"George Jeffreys, first Baron Jeffreys of Wem"
949:One session of the Bloody Assizes was held in
16:Welsh judge (1645–1689), aka the Hanging Judge
2390:People educated at Westminster School, London
1726:
1388:Lord Chancellor Jeffreys and the Stuart cause
1117:. St Catherine's Press. 1929. pp. 83–84.
968:Lord Chancellor Jeffreys and the Stuart Cause
935:Lord Chancellor Jeffreys and the Stuart Cause
884:, and Henrietta de KĂ©rouaille, sister of the
224:judge. He became notable during the reign of
2410:Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula
1445:"Jeffreys, George Jeffreys, 1st Baron"
1286:Leigh Hunt, "Memoirs of Judge Jeffries," in
1104:Patrick Medd,"Romilly", Collins, 1968, p149.
830:in the Tower. In 1692 his body was moved to
239:
121:28 September 1683 – 23 October 1685
2380:People educated at St Paul's School, London
593:, a body established by James II under the
1733:
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1095:, London, Butterworth & Co, 1948 p. 62
585:President of the Ecclesiastical Commission
244:Jeffreys was born at the family estate of
81:28 September 1685 – December 1688
55:
21:George Darell Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys
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2360:Lord chief justices of England and Wales
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2365:Members of the Privy Council of England
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1368:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1309:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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872:. The site is now a landscaped garden.
857:, St Mary Aldermanbury was gutted by a
433:in 1683 and presided over the trial of
342:in 1671. He was aiming for the post of
2370:People associated with the Popish Plot
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1507:Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench
1290:Wednesday April 9, 1834. Vol I, p. 14.
828:Chapel Royal of Saint Peter ad Vincula
366:upbringing, he found favour under the
306:, a friend of his mother. He attended
109:Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench
1714:
677:"George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys"
520:
424:
413:in 1681, and two years later, he was
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2430:Peers of England created by James II
2395:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
2385:People educated at Shrewsbury School
1426:Old Bailey Proceedings front matter.
1396:
941:than most other judges of his era.'
882:Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke
666:adding citations to reliable sources
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2350:Lord-lieutenants of Buckinghamshire
1573:Custos Rotulorum of Buckinghamshire
1054:University of Georgia School of Law
209:George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys
13:
2293:Italics indicate service when the
1600:Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire
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1131:Phoenix Press reissue 2000 p. 289
597:to control the governance of the
489:in 1685, and elevated him to the
457:countrymen and ship them away as
437:, who had been implicated in the
415:Chief Justice of the King's Bench
2405:Prisoners in the Tower of London
2335:Barons in the Peerage of England
1693:(of Bulstrode, Buckinghamshire)
1115:The Complete Peerage, Volume VII
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1399:I Never Knew That About London
1258:. 13 December 1688. p. 2.
1235:See also: Montgomery Hyde, H.
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1627:Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire
1183:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
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503:Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire
389:and Counsel for the Crown at
2375:People of the Rye House Plot
1075:"Jeffrys, George (JFRS662G)"
810:St Mary Aldermanbury in 1904
633:
274:High Sheriff of Denbighshire
268:, but was reconciled to the
228:, rising to the position of
7:
2340:Lord chancellors of England
1327:. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
1079:A Cambridge Alumni Database
535:. Jeffreys was sent to the
501:. In 1687 he was appointed
10:
2446:
2400:Common Serjeants of London
1397:Winn, Christopher (2007).
1375:doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14702
1303:duchess of Portsmouth and
1081:. University of Cambridge.
978:Jeffreys was portrayed by
822:) while in custody in the
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473:George Jeffreys was named
316:Trinity College, Cambridge
197:Trinity College, Cambridge
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1215:Listed Buildings website
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310:, from 1659 to 1661 and
308:St Paul's School, London
19:Not to be confused with
2084:1st Earl of Shaftesbury
1789:1st Earl of Marlborough
1610:The Earl of Bridgewater
1593:The Earl of Bridgewater
1566:The Earl of Bridgewater
1451:Encyclopædia Britannica
1401:. London: Ebury Press.
748:in the City of London.
630:built for him in 1686.
360:King James II & VII
298:George was educated at
287:. William was vicar of
28:The Bloody Judge (film)
2297:was held in Commission
2090:1st Earl of Nottingham
2050:2nd Earl of Manchester
1794:1st Earl of Manchester
1419:27.3 (1995): 373–396.
928:The Revolution of 1688
911:
851:
811:
783:Fall, death and burial
482:
335:
2282:1st Viscount Harcourt
2078:Sir Orlando Bridgeman
2072:1st Earl of Clarendon
1772:1st Viscount Brackley
1676:Baronetage of England
1658:Baron Jeffreys of Wem
1372:accessed 15 July 2017
1233:1852, reprinted 2006.
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886:Duchess of Portsmouth
846:
809:
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333:
1998:Bulstrode Whitelocke
1917:Bulstrode Whitelocke
1901:Bulstrode Whitelocke
1870:Bulstrode Whitelocke
1804:21st Earl of Arundel
1637:The Earl of Bradford
1620:The Earl of Bradford
1440:McNeill, Ronald John
1313:accessed 14 Nov 2010
1091:H. Montgomery Hyde,
1044:Tyler Bryant, Ruth.
916:Sir William Williams
832:St Mary Aldermanbury
801:The Town of Ramsgate
757:Lord Mayor of London
662:improve this article
550:prerogative of mercy
533:Monmouth's Rebellion
417:and a member of the
395:Justice of the Peace
40:The Right Honourable
2330:People from Wrexham
2001:(January–June 1659)
1843:1st Baron Lyttelton
868:, as a memorial to
789:Glorious Revolution
552:. Arguably, it was
285:Knight of Alcántara
2415:Monmouth Rebellion
2345:Lord High Stewards
2117:1st Baron Jeffreys
2096:1st Baron Guilford
2032:Thomas Widdrington
1927:Thomas Widdrington
1831:1st Baron Coventry
1799:2nd Duke of Lennox
1645:Peerage of England
1524:Political offices
1517:Sir Edward Herbert
1489:Sir Edward Herbert
1479:Justice of Chester
1255:The London Gazette
912:
818:disease (probably
812:
521:The Bloody Assizes
483:
431:Lord Chief Justice
425:Lord Chief Justice
387:Justice of Chester
381:Recorder of London
344:Recorder of London
336:
312:Westminster School
2302:
2301:
2169:William Rawlinson
2155:William Rawlinson
1986:Nathaniel Fiennes
1959:Nathaniel Fiennes
1933:Nathaniel Fiennes
1709:
1708:
1700:Succeeded by
1665:Succeeded by
1634:Succeeded by
1607:Succeeded by
1580:Succeeded by
1550:Succeeded by
1532:The Lord Guilford
1514:Succeeded by
1486:Succeeded by
1408:978-0-09-194319-6
1353:. 10 August 2014.
895:Act of Settlement
870:Winston Churchill
771:joked that while
753:Thomas Bloodworth
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606:and academics of
599:Church of England
595:royal prerogative
451:Francis Pemberton
322:for law in 1663.
300:Shrewsbury School
266:English Civil War
234:Lord High Steward
206:
205:
133:Francis Pemberton
92:The Lord Guilford
44:The Lord Jeffreys
2437:
2315:Lord chancellors
2263:1st Baron Trevor
2203:1st Baron Somers
2182:1st Baron Somers
2026:William Lenthall
2021:(June 1659–1660)
1975:Council of State
1949:Richard Cromwell
1860:Council of State
1745:Lord Chancellors
1735:
1728:
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1712:
1711:
1617:Preceded by
1590:Preceded by
1583:The Lord Wharton
1563:Preceded by
1558:Honorary titles
1529:Preceded by
1500:Fraser Pemberton
1496:Preceded by
1467:Preceded by
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1428:12 December 1683
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1259:
1246:
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1204:
1198:
1192:
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1162:
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1138:
1132:
1125:
1119:
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1111:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1041:
1015:The Bloody Judge
933:G. W. Keeton in
918:. His political
890:Henriette-Louise
866:Fulton, Missouri
733:
726:
722:
719:
713:
711:
670:
646:
638:
604:Bishop of London
429:Jeffreys became
232:(and serving as
215:
180:
169:, Wrexham, Wales
156:Personal details
141:
128:
119:
100:
88:
79:
59:
35:
34:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2420:People from Wem
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2287:
2256:1st Earl Cowper
2242:
2234:
2195:
2187:
2175:George Hutchins
2134:
2122:
2109:
2101:
2064:
2056:
1977:
1969:
1951:
1943:
1893:
1891:Oliver Cromwell
1885:
1862:
1854:
1837:1st Baron Finch
1823:
1815:
1764:
1756:
1749:House of Stuart
1739:
1705:
1695:
1691:
1670:
1661:
1639:
1630:
1622:
1612:
1603:
1595:
1585:
1576:
1568:
1553:
1546:
1543:Lord Chancellor
1538:
1534:
1519:
1510:
1502:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1435:
1409:
1383:(2nd edn 1948).
1363:
1361:Further reading
1358:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1318:
1298:
1294:
1288:London Journal,
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1247:
1243:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:p. 222–224
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1129:The Popish Plot
1127:Kenyon, J. P.
1126:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1086:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1010:Christopher Lee
1000:Michael Kitchen
976:
947:
904:
878:
839:London Journal,
824:Tower of London
785:
742:Stoke d'Abernon
734:
723:
717:
714:
671:
669:
659:
647:
636:
620:
587:
529:
523:
507:Buckinghamshire
487:Lord Chancellor
481:of Wem in 1685.
475:Lord Chancellor
467:
465:Lord Chancellor
435:Algernon Sidney
427:
383:
328:
283:in Spain and a
242:
230:Lord Chancellor
211:
184:Tower of London
182:
178:
165:
139:
126:
120:
115:
98:
86:
80:
75:
69:Lord Chancellor
50:
45:
42:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2443:
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2407:
2402:
2397:
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2362:
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2337:
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2322:
2317:
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2299:
2292:
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2286:
2285:
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2233:
2232:
2226:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2159:
2138:
2136:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2068:
2066:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2044:John Fountaine
2038:Thomas Tyrrell
2022:
2018:John Fountaine
2012:Thomas Tyrrell
2002:
1981:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1886:
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1468:
1464:
1463:
1462:Legal offices
1457:
1456:
1434:
1433:External links
1431:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1413:
1407:
1394:
1386:Keeton, G. W.
1384:
1381:Judge Jeffreys
1377:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1338:
1329:
1316:
1292:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1241:
1237:Judge Jeffreys
1217:
1205:
1201:Judge Jeffreys
1193:
1169:
1165:Judge Jeffreys
1157:
1153:Judge Jeffreys
1145:
1133:
1120:
1106:
1097:
1093:Judge Jeffreys
1084:
1066:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1025:Martin's Close
1018:(1969) and by
990:Patrick Aherne
975:
972:
946:
943:
903:
900:
877:
874:
820:pyelonephritis
784:
781:
736:
735:
650:
648:
641:
635:
632:
628:Bulstrode Park
619:
616:
586:
583:
527:Bloody Assizes
525:Main article:
522:
519:
515:Richard Baxter
495:Baron Jeffreys
479:Baron Jeffreys
466:
463:
439:Rye House Plot
426:
423:
382:
379:
375:Stepney Church
368:Roman Catholic
348:William Dolben
327:
324:
272:and served as
241:
238:
204:
203:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
181:(aged 43)
175:
171:
170:
162:
158:
157:
153:
152:
149:
148:
146:Edward Herbert
142:
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129:
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105:
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95:
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89:
83:
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15:
9:
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4:
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2280:
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2265:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:Nathan Wright
2248:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2229:Nathan Wright
2227:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2217:
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2207:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2183:
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2171:
2170:
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2040:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2006:John Bradshaw
2003:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:Richard Keble
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1880:Richard Keble
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1810:John Williams
1808:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1784:Julius Caesar
1782:
1779:
1778:Francis Bacon
1776:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1704:
1703:John Jeffreys
1696:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:John Jeffreys
1660:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1556:
1552:In Commission
1545:
1544:
1537:
1536:(Lord Keeper)
1533:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1490:
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1472:
1465:
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1437:
1436:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1392:online review
1389:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1352:
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1333:
1326:
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1234:
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1189:
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1080:
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1051:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
987:
986:
985:Captain Blood
981:
980:Leonard Mudie
971:
969:
965:
960:
955:
952:
942:
938:
936:
931:
929:
924:
921:
917:
908:
899:
896:
891:
887:
883:
873:
871:
867:
863:
860:
856:
850:
845:
843:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
808:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
780:
778:
775:had killed a
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:Fonmon Castle
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
732:
729:
721:
710:
707:
703:
700:
696:
693:
689:
686:
682:
679: –
678:
674:
673:Find sources:
667:
663:
657:
656:
651:This section
649:
645:
640:
639:
631:
629:
625:
615:
613:
609:
605:
600:
596:
592:
582:
578:
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572:
568:
563:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
534:
528:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
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492:
488:
480:
476:
471:
462:
460:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
422:
420:
419:Privy Council
416:
412:
408:
404:
401:. During the
400:
396:
392:
388:
378:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
332:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
237:
235:
231:
227:
226:King James II
223:
219:
218:Hanging Judge
214:
210:
201:
198:
195:
193:
189:
185:
177:18 April 1689
176:
172:
168:
163:
159:
154:
150:
147:
143:
137:
134:
130:
124:
118:
113:
110:
106:
103:In Commission
102:
96:
93:
90:
84:
78:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
53:
49:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
2273:
2269:Robert Tracy
2267:
2261:
2220:
2216:George Treby
2214:
2208:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2153:
2149:Anthony Keck
2147:
2143:John Maynard
2141:
2116:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1849:Richard Lane
1694:
1687:
1683:New creation
1682:
1656:
1652:New creation
1651:
1625:
1598:
1571:
1541:
1535:
1505:
1476:
1471:Job Charlton
1449:
1416:
1398:
1387:
1380:
1379:Hyde, H. M.
1367:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1319:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1273:
1268:Winn, p. 44.
1264:
1253:
1244:
1236:
1230:
1220:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1181:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1114:
1109:
1100:
1092:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1049:
1039:
1023:
1020:Elliot Levey
1013:
1003:
993:
983:
977:
967:
956:
948:
939:
934:
932:
927:
925:
913:
879:
852:
847:
838:
836:
813:
799:, now named
786:
750:
739:
724:
718:January 2023
715:
705:
698:
691:
684:
672:
660:Please help
655:verification
652:
621:
588:
579:
558:
537:West Country
530:
484:
477:and created
455:
447:Lord Russell
428:
384:
372:
352:Duke of York
337:
326:Early career
320:Inner Temple
304:Philip Henry
297:
278:
270:Commonwealth
243:
208:
207:
179:(1689-04-18)
140:Succeeded by
116:
99:Succeeded by
76:
32:
23:(1878–1960).
2325:1689 deaths
2320:1645 births
2284:(1710–1714)
2275:John Scrope
2258:(1705–1710)
2252:(1702–1705)
2243:(1702–1714)
2231:(1700–1702)
2222:Edward Ward
2205:(1693–1700)
2196:(1694–1702)
2193:William III
2184:(1693–1694)
2178:(1690–1693)
2163:John Trevor
2158:(1689–1690)
2135:(1689–1694)
2119:(1685–1688)
2110:(1685–1688)
2098:(1682–1685)
2092:(1673–1682)
2086:(1672–1673)
2080:(1667–1672)
2074:(1660–1667)
2065:(1660–1685)
1978:(1659–1660)
1966:(1658–1659)
1952:(1658–1659)
1940:(1656–1658)
1929:(1654–1656)
1913:(1653–1654)
1894:(1653–1658)
1882:(1649–1653)
1863:(1649–1653)
1851:(1645–1649)
1845:(1641–1645)
1839:(1640–1641)
1833:(1625–1640)
1824:(1625–1649)
1812:(1621–1625)
1780:(1617–1621)
1774:(1603–1617)
1765:(1603–1625)
1755:(1603–1714)
1753:Interregnum
1141:Popish Plot
1059:22 November
1005:Lorna Doone
995:Lorna Doone
964:Erddig Hall
876:Descendants
814:He died of
793:William III
787:During the
542:Alice Lisle
511:Titus Oates
443:John Evelyn
407:Titus Oates
403:Popish Plot
264:during the
164:15 May 1645
127:Preceded by
87:Preceded by
2309:Categories
2295:Greal Seal
2062:Charles II
1992:John Lisle
1964:John Lisle
1938:John Lisle
1922:John Lisle
1906:John Lisle
1875:John Lisle
1747:under the
1697:1681–1689
1662:1685–1689
1631:1687–1689
1604:1687–1689
1577:1686–1689
1547:1685–1688
1511:1683–1685
1483:1680–1684
1351:Daily Echo
1250:"No. 2409"
1032:References
974:Portrayals
959:Gray's Inn
951:Dorchester
902:Reputation
842:Leigh Hunt
773:St. George
755:, who was
688:newspapers
618:Residences
571:John Lisle
562:Winchester
546:Winchester
399:Flintshire
364:Protestant
293:Canterbury
246:Acton Hall
192:Alma mater
2210:John Holt
1821:Charles I
988:(1935),
954:by side.
855:the Blitz
765:Glamorgan
634:Marriages
612:Cambridge
544:tried at
356:of Albany
295:in 1685.
276:in 1655.
220:", was a
186:, England
117:In office
77:In office
2107:James II
1751:and the
1442:(1911).
1390:(1965)·
1305:suo jure
1301:suo jure
1028:(2019).
1008:(2001),
998:(1951),
862:air raid
575:Lausanne
567:regicide
554:James II
262:Royalist
258:Anglesey
2128:William
1762:James I
1742:English
1689:Baronet
853:During
837:In his
797:Wapping
702:scholar
505:and of
491:peerage
411:baronet
358:(later
250:Wrexham
2278:(1710)
2225:(1700)
2130:&
2053:(1660)
1806:(1621)
1477:Chief
1421:online
1417:Albion
1405:
1167:p. 215
1143:p. 289
945:Legacy
920:animus
859:German
816:kidney
777:dragon
769:ballad
704:
697:
690:
683:
675:
608:Oxford
459:slaves
391:Ludlow
370:Duke.
281:Consul
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