Welsh people - Knowledge

3629: 2495: 2480: 9838: 3598: 3274: 2093: 1163: 2985:. Controversy surrounding the method of determining ethnicity began as early as 2000, when it was revealed that respondents in Scotland and Northern Ireland would be able to tick a box describing themselves as of Scottish or of Irish ethnicity, an option not available for Welsh or English respondents. Prior to the census, Plaid Cymru backed a petition calling for the inclusion of a Welsh tick-box and for the National Assembly to have primary law-making powers and its own 8083: 3243:– the first legislation specifically issued for Wales since the Middle Ages. From the early 1960s, local council areas were permitted to hold referendums every seven years to determine whether they should be "wet" or "dry" on Sundays: most of the industrialised areas in the east and south went "wet" immediately, and by the 1980s the last district, Dwyfor in the northwest, went wet; since then there have been no more Sunday-closing referendums. 7638: 3799: 1097: 2697: 248: 3321:, whose controversial comments in 2001 focused attention on the issue. As many as a third of all properties in Gwynedd are bought by people from outside Wales. The issue of locals being priced out of the local housing market is common to many rural communities throughout Britain, but in Wales the added dimension of language complicates the issue, as many new residents do not learn the Welsh language. 3423:, although first-language and other fluent speakers can be found throughout Wales. However, Cardiff is now home to an urban Welsh-speaking population (both from other parts of Wales and from the growing Welsh-medium schools of Cardiff itself) due to the centralisation and concentration of national resources and organisations in the capital. 4022: 2798:

with DNA found in skeletons from Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon era Yorkshire. The study found that most of the Iron Age and Roman era Britons showed strong similarities with both each other and modern-day Welsh populations, while modern southern and eastern English groups were closer to a later Anglo-Saxon burial.

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Due to an increase in Welsh-language nursery education, recent census data reveals a reversal of decades of linguistic decline: there are now more Welsh speakers under five years of age than over 60. For many young people in Wales, the acquisition of Welsh is a gateway to better careers, according to

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A study of a diverse sample of 2,039 individuals from the United Kingdom allowed the creation of a genetic map and the suggestion that there was a substantial migration of peoples from Europe prior to Roman times forming a strong ancestral component across England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, but

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In the absence of a Welsh tick-box, the only tick-boxes available were 'white-British,' 'Irish', or 'other'. The Scottish parliament insisted that a Scottish ethnicity tick-box be included in the census in Scotland, and with this inclusion as many as 88.11% claimed Scottish ethnicity. Critics argued

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Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman, Colin; Pirinen, Matti; Myers, Simon; Robinson, Mark; Donnelly, Peter; Bodmer, Walter (March 2015).

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Welsh settlers moved to other parts of Europe, concentrated in certain areas. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a small wave of contract miners from Wales arrived in Northern France; the centres of Welsh-French population are in coal mining towns, and particularly the French department

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According to the 2001 census the number of Welsh speakers in Wales increased for the first time in 100 years, with 20.5% of a population of over 2.9 million claiming fluency in Welsh. In addition, 28% of the population of Wales claimed to understand Welsh. The census revealed that the increase was

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forbade the use of Welsh in any proceedings. Only English was allowed as the only language all members were assumed to speak. In 2017, the UK government agreed to support the use of Welsh in the Welsh Grand Committee, although not in parliamentary debate in the house outside of this committee. In

2953:, as death rates dropped and birth rates remained steady. However, there was also a large-scale migration into Wales during the Industrial Revolution. The English were the most numerous group, but there were also considerable numbers of Irish; and smaller numbers of other ethnic groups, including 2805:

A third study, published in 2020 and based on Viking era data from across Europe, suggested that the Welsh trace, on average, 58% of their ancestry to the Brittonic people, up to 22% from a Danish-like source interpreted as largely representing the Anglo-Saxons, 3% from Norwegian Vikings, and 13%

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The post-Roman period saw a significant alteration in the genetic makeup of southern Britain due to the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons; however, historical evidence suggests that Wales was little affected by these migrations. A study published in 2016 compared samples from modern Britain and Ireland

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Leslie, Stephen; Winney, Bruce; Hellenthal, Garrett; Davison, Dan; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Day, Tammy; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Royrvik, Ellen C.; Cunliffe, Barry; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium; Lawson, Daniel J.; Falush, Daniel; Freeman,

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Margaryan, Ashot; Lawson, Daniel J.; Sikora, Martin; Racimo, Fernando; Rasmussen, Simon; Moltke, Ida; Cassidy, Lara M.; Jørsboe, Emil; Ingason, Andrés; Pedersen, Mikkel W.; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Wilhelmson, Helene; Buś, Magdalena M.; de Barros Damgaard, Peter; Martiniano, Rui (September 2020).

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in English. However, a large number of Welsh speakers are more comfortable expressing themselves in Welsh than in English. Some prefer to speak English in South Wales or the urbanised areas and Welsh in the North or in rural areas. A speaker's choice of language can vary according to the subject

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found that 718,000 people (nearly 35% of the Welsh population) have a family name of Welsh origin, compared with 5.3% in the rest of the United Kingdom, 4.7% in New Zealand, 4.1% in Australia, and 3.8% in the United States, with an estimated 16.3 million people in the countries studied having at

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argues that even at the time of the erection of Offa's Dyke, the people to its west saw themselves as Roman, citing the number of Latin inscriptions still being made into the 8th century. However, it is unclear whether such inscriptions reveal a general or normative use of Latin as a marker of

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Martiniano, Rui; Caffell, Anwen; Holst, Malin; Hunter-Mann, Kurt; Montgomery, Janet; Müldner, Gundula; McLaughlin, Russell L.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; van Rheenen, Wouter; Veldink, Jan H.; van den Berg, Leonard H.; Hardiman, Orla; Carroll, Maureen; Roskams, Steve; Oxley, John (19 January 2016).

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As of the 2011 census in Wales, 66 per cent (2.0 million) of residents reported a Welsh national identity (either on its own or combined with other identities). Of these, 218,000 responded that they had Welsh and British national identity. Just under 17 per cent (519,000) of people in Wales

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once spoken throughout most of the island of Great Britain. Prior to the 20th century, large numbers of Welsh people spoke only Welsh, with little or no fluent knowledge of English. Welsh remains the predominant language in parts of Wales, particularly in North Wales and parts of West Wales.

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A survey published in 2001, by the Centre for Research into Elections and Social Trends at Oxford University (sample size 1161), found that 14.6 per cent of respondents described themselves as British, not Welsh; 8.3 per cent saw themselves as more British than Welsh; 39.0 per cent described

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Another study, using Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon samples from Cambridgeshire, concluded that modern Welsh people carry a 30% genetic contribution from Anglo-Saxon settlers in the post-Roman period; however, this could have been brought about due to later migration from England into Wales.

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For some, speaking Welsh is an important part of their Welsh identity. Parts of the culture are strongly connected to the language — notably the Eisteddfod tradition, poetry and aspects of folk music and dance. Wales also has a strong tradition of poetry in the English language.

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The Deceangli, the Ordovices and the Silures were the three main tribe groups who lived in the mountains of what is today called Wales. However, in prehistory Wales, England and Scotland did not exist in any way as distinctive entities in the ways they have done so for the last 1000

4018: 2203:. The Welsh language is also taught in schools in Wales; and, even in regions of Wales in which Welsh people predominantly speak English on a daily basis, the Welsh language is spoken at home among family or in informal settings, with Welsh speakers often engaging in 3985: 2825:

which had little impact in Wales. Wales forms a distinct genetic group, followed by a further division between north and south Wales, although there was evidence of a genetic difference between north and south Pembrokeshire as separated by the

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Schiffels, Stephan; Haak, Wolfgang; Paajanen, Pirita; Llamas, Bastien; Popescu, Elizabeth; Loe, Louise; Clarke, Rachel; Lyons, Alice; Mortimer, Richard; Sayer, Duncan; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Cooper, Alan; Durbin, Richard (19 January 2016).

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Internationally Welsh people have emigrated, in relatively small numbers (in proportion to population, Irish emigration to the US may have been 26 times greater than Welsh emigration), to many countries, including the US (in particular,

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that a higher proportion of respondents would have described themselves as of Welsh ethnicity had a Welsh tick-box been made available. Additional criticism was levelled at the timing of the census, which was taken in the middle of the

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However, the same census shows that 25% of residents were born outside Wales. The number of Welsh speakers in other places in Britain is uncertain, but there are significant numbers in the main cities, and there are speakers along the

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or chapel goers (a slightly smaller proportion than in England or Scotland), although about 58% of the population see themselves as Christian in some form. Judaism has quite a long history in Wales, with a Jewish community recorded in

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Despite Christianity dominating Wales, more ancient traditions persisted. In 1874 it was reported as common for an officiant to walk in front of the coffin with a horse's skull, which may be a tradition linked with the

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For the first time ever in British census history the 2011 Census gave the opportunity for people to describe their identity as Welsh or English. A 'dress rehearsal' of the Census was carried out on the Welsh island of

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considered themselves to have a British national identity only. Most residents of Wales (96 per cent, 2.9 million) reported at least one national identity of English, Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish, or British.

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has retained a sizeable Jewish population, of about 2000 in the 2001 Census. The largest non-Christian faith in Wales is Islam, with about 22,000 members in 2001 served by about 40 mosques, following the

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The decline in Welsh speakers in much of rural Wales is attributable to non-Welsh-speaking residents moving to North Wales, driving up property prices above what locals may afford, according to former

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was sometimes referred to as "Little Wales", and one of several communities where Welsh was widely spoken. There was a Welsh language press but by the late 1940s, the last Welsh language newspaper,

3628: 5647: 3032:(ONS) launched a census consultation exercise. They received replies from 28 different Welsh organisations and a large proportion of these referred to Welsh ethnicity, language or identity. 3954: 3727:

settlement, lays claim to a greater proportion of inhabitants of Welsh descent than anywhere outside Wales itself. Malad's local High School is known as the "Malad Dragons", and flies the

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In the census, 14% of the population took the 'extra step' to write in that they were of Welsh ethnicity. The highest percentage of those identifying as of Welsh ethnicity was recorded in

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and Careers Wales. The Welsh Government identified media as one of six areas likely to experience greater demand for Welsh speakers: the sector is Wales's third-largest revenue earner.

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A 2015 genetic survey of modern British population groups found a distinct genetic difference between those from northern and southern Wales, which was interpreted as the legacy of

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A Plaid Cymru taskforce headed by Dafydd Wigley recommended land should be allocated for affordable local housing, called for grants for locals to buy houses, and recommended that

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The population of Wales doubled from 587,000 in 1801 to 1,163,000 in 1851 and had reached 2,421,000 by 1911. Most of the increase came in the coal mining districts; especially

3510:. The red dragon was then included in the Tudor royal arms to signify their Welsh descent. It was officially recognised as the Welsh national flag in 1959. Since the British 3787:

as a child, her parents were advised that it would aid her recovery to live in a warmer climate. This led the family to migrate to Australia in 1966, settling in Adelaide.

5957: 5433: 3379:(Senedd) and entered on its records, with English translation. The high cost of translation from English to Welsh has proved controversial. In the past the rules of the 8043: 6108: 5862: 3306:

the percentage fell from 59.1% in 1991 to 51.8% in 2001, to 47.3% in 2011 and to 45.3% in 2021. Ceredigion saw a 19.5% influx of new residents between 1991 and 2001.

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did not offer 'Welsh' as an option; respondents had to use a box marked "Other". Ninety-six per cent of the population of Wales thus described themselves as being

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themselves as equally Welsh and British; 20.2 per cent saw themselves as more Welsh than British; and 17.9 per cent described themselves as Welsh, not British.

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its high numbers of Welsh speakers. The Census, taken on 27 March 2011, asked a number of questions relating to nationality and national identity, including

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and other ancient Celtic leaders. Following the annexation of Wales by England, the dragon was used as a supporter in the English monarch's coat of arms.

5149: 3962: 2711: 3020:(19%). Among respondents between 16 and 74 years of age, those claiming Welsh ethnicity were predominantly in professional and managerial occupations. 1982: 4218: 2381:, meaning "fellow-countrymen". Thus, they carry a sense of "land of fellow-countrymen", "our country", and notions of fraternity. The use of the word 6941: 2299:, evolved into the name for the territory that best maintained cultural continuity with pre-Anglo-Saxon Britain: Wales. The modern names for various 6292: 3363:, and thus threatened by the dominance of English, support for the language grew during the second half of the 20th century, along with the rise of 4543: 6407: 5005: 4705: 4593: 3213: 5116: 10268: 6189: 2567:

culture remained in the areas the Romans had settled, and the pre-Roman cultures in others. The people in what is now Wales continued to speak

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in particular. As the Britons' territories shrank, the term came ultimately to be applied to a smaller group of people, and the plural form of

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or semi-fluent in the Welsh language or, to varying degrees, capable of speaking or understanding the language at limited or conversational

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were damaged by mobs. Since that time the Jewish population of that area, which reached a peak of 4,000–5,000 in 1913, has declined; only

10558: 10436: 7382: 6009: 3839: 3532:, part of the national flag design, is also a popular Welsh symbol. The oldest recorded use of the dragon to symbolise Wales is from the 2116: 1225: 10390: 9939: 6254: 1127: 9871: 9774: 7741: 7712: 6351: 2994: 5536:

Lucas Quensel von Kalben, "The British Church and the Emergence of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom", in T. Dickinson and D. Griffiths, eds,

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community is Britain's oldest Muslim community, established when the city was one of the world's largest coal exporting ports.

2109: 10400: 9983: 9804: 8188: 7287: 6463: 6327: 4656: 4202: 2036: 1691: 1551: 1186: 1014: 6373: 6100: 3926: 10258: 7497: 7038: 6151: 5594: 2998: 2945:, which grew from 71,000 in 1801 to 232,000 in 1851 and 1,122,000 in 1911. Part of this increase can be attributed to the 2754: 2532:. The people of what is now Wales were not distinguished from the rest of the peoples of southern Britain; all were called 2474: 2416: 683: 6718: 6218: 5284: 2552:

migrations into Great Britain, in which case the Celticisation of Britain would have occurred through cultural diffusion.

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The process whereby the indigenous population of Wales came to think of themselves as "Welsh" (a name applied to them by

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relationship of the Welsh with the Brythonic-speaking peoples of northern England and southern Scotland, the peoples of "

1251: 6493: 10468: 10395: 9944: 7065: 4482: 2628:(referring not to the people but to the land—and possibly to northern Britain in addition to Wales) is found in a poem 2031: 1818: 1661: 593: 5979: 5484: 9272: 9085: 7183: 6607: 6584: 6565: 6546: 6520: 5524: 4681: 4580: 4398:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. English and Welsh, an O'Donnell Lecture delivered at Oxford on 21 October 1955. 4141:

The 1996 census, which used a slightly different question, reported 9,966 people belonging to the Welsh ethnic group.

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are symbols of Wales. The origin of the leek can be traced back to the 16th century and the daffodil, encouraged by

3143:. In the 2001, around 7,000 classified themselves as following "other religions", including a reconstructed form of 2733: 2397:). The word came into use as a self-description probably before the 7th century. It is attested in a praise poem to 10127: 6882: 6877: 5230: 5201: 3749:, a Native American tribe of the central United States, are Welsh emigrants who reached North America under Prince 3167:

from around 1730. In August 1911, during a period of public order and industrial disputes, Jewish shops across the

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of Wales). Approximately one third of the population, some 980,000 people, profess no religious faith whatsoever.

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Olalde, I; et al. (May 2017). "The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe".

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Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, 10: Papers for the 47th Sachsensymposium, York, September 1996

5145: 2740: 2679:"Englishry" and "Welshry" is still detectable today. The terms Englishry and Welshry are used similarly about 10473: 9864: 9255: 7609: 6862: 6857: 6807: 3264: 3193: 3116: 2041: 2018: 1681: 1173: 1153: 388: 328: 323: 273: 7517: 3239:

was also historically strong among the Welsh; the sale of alcohol was prohibited on Sundays in Wales by the

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A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest (Note to Chapter VI, the Name "Cymry")

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along with miners from many other countries. They tended to cluster in communities around their churches.

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with an increase from 9% in 1991 to 12.3% in 2001. However, the proportion of Welsh speakers declined in

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most significant in urban areas, such as Cardiff with an increase from 6.6% in 1991 to 10.9% in 2001, and

2794:. The British groups encountered by the Romans were thus largely descended from these Beaker populations. 10483: 10410: 10095: 8728: 7988: 7567: 7429: 7267: 7113: 6973: 4535: 3958: 3834: 3372: 2978: 2818: 2786:

Recent research on ancient DNA has concluded that much of Britain's Neolithic population was replaced by

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In 2001, it is uncertain how many people in Wales considered themselves to be of Welsh ethnicity; the

2575:, as did people in other areas of western and northern Britain; this language eventually evolved into 2191:) is protected by law. Welsh remains the predominant language in many parts of Wales, particularly in 10263: 9260: 9095: 8723: 7584: 7263: 7217: 7108: 7033: 6802: 5681: 4082: 3761: 3660: 3469: 2374: 1853: 1833: 1765: 1705: 1322: 1113: 777: 767: 434: 268: 20: 9060: 5671:

Merthyr Telegraph, and General Advertiser for the Iron Districts of South Wales - Friday 01 May 1874

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The Welsh People: Chapters On Their Origin, History, Laws, Language, Literature, And Characteristics

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Around 1.75 million Americans report themselves to have Welsh ancestry, as did 458,705 Canadians in

611: 554: 10817: 10543: 10415: 10054: 9924: 9857: 9600: 9034: 9010: 8336: 7409: 7372: 7282: 7243: 6968: 6946: 6931: 6852: 6822: 4140: 4043: 3874: 3503: 1599: 1046: 318: 288: 7362: 4462:. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London: Longmans, Green, and Co. (published 1912). pp. 191–192. 738: 9934: 9311: 8959: 8505: 8219: 8038: 7928: 7562: 7394: 7389: 7367: 7193: 7055: 7043: 7023: 6963: 6951: 5885:"Memorandum from the Clerk of the House Use of Welsh in the Welsh Grand Committee at Westminster" 5348: 4248: 4244: 4044: 3507: 2958: 2254: 2173: 1952: 1584: 1144: 728: 2997:. Organisers said that this had not affected the results. The foot-and-mouth crisis delayed the 2544:. This language, and Celtic culture more generally, seems to have arrived in Britain during the 641: 10088: 9901: 9779: 9698: 9661: 8733: 8018: 8013: 7168: 7123: 6936: 6817: 6429: 3680: 3100: 2946: 2219:

levels. The Welsh language is descended from Brythonic, spoken across Britain since before the

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There has been migration from Wales to the rest of Britain throughout its history. During the

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migrated to South Wales. Wales received other immigration from various parts of the British

10310: 10152: 9688: 9560: 9294: 8944: 8341: 8259: 8068: 7993: 7614: 7353: 7158: 6674: 6269: 5033: 4953: 4754: 4496: 3829: 3708: 3672: 3622: 3566: 3522: 3353: 3333: 3147:, which was the pre-Christian religion of Wales (not to be confused with the Druids of the 2586: 2533: 2498: 2432: 2284: 2216: 1912: 1629: 1537: 1475: 1444: 1422: 1338: 994: 870: 616: 569: 6872: 6343: 3557:, became popular in the 19th century. This may be due to confusion of the Welsh for leek, 2747: 2479: 678: 338: 8: 10776: 10696: 10553: 10500: 10488: 10189: 10064: 10004: 9969: 9837: 9575: 9444: 9374: 9355: 9334: 9267: 9090: 8964: 8784: 8769: 8764: 8718: 8693: 8366: 8254: 8239: 8053: 7872: 7667: 7597: 7449: 7414: 7070: 6867: 4188: 3889: 3518: 3236: 3091:

have dominated religious life in what is now Wales for more than 1,400 years. Most Welsh

2787: 2398: 1937: 1907: 1755: 1589: 1056: 1051: 917: 759: 688: 606: 333: 217: 8974: 6678: 5909: 5822: 5037: 4957: 4637:, pp. 65–66): Davies places the change from Brythonic to Welsh between 400 and 700. 3597: 10586: 10548: 10531: 10478: 10452: 10278: 10224: 10059: 10019: 9964: 9919: 9741: 9472: 9365: 9329: 9250: 9205: 9100: 8926: 8817: 8774: 8703: 8510: 8285: 8048: 8033: 8028: 8023: 7933: 7790: 7746: 7592: 7459: 7324: 7316: 7248: 7203: 7018: 6892: 6832: 6695: 6662: 6649: 5795: 5762: 5702: 5314: 5249: 5054: 5021: 4982: 4941: 4867: 4834: 4809: 4776: 3735: 3554: 3538:, written around 820, but it is popularly supposed to have been the battle standard of 3534: 3380: 3302:

from 72.1% in 1991 to 68.7% in 2001, to 65.4% in 2011 and 64.4% in 2021. Similarly, in

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by his supporters on 16 September 1400. The last native Welsh person to hold the title.

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Welsh in Pennsylvania by Matthew S. Magda (1986), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. From

6171: 5559:"2011 Census: First Results for Ethnicity, National Identity, and Religion for Wales" 5541: 5520: 5379: 5179: 5059: 4987: 4969: 4920: 4912: 4872: 4854: 4835:"Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history" 4814: 4796: 4677: 4652: 4576: 4453: 4198: 4014: 3879: 3818: 3716: 3688: 3585: 3364: 3360: 3295: 3082: 2386: 2300: 2066: 2052: 1987: 1917: 1843: 1808: 1559: 964: 718: 665: 544: 487: 474: 278: 3731:

as its school colours. Welsh people have also settled in New Zealand and Australia.

3273: 10751: 10617: 10609: 10594: 10526: 10493: 10203: 10049: 9929: 9906: 9896: 9634: 9595: 9550: 9537: 9457: 9436: 9339: 9284: 8969: 8789: 8708: 8520: 8300: 8234: 8124: 8003: 7998: 7968: 7938: 7892: 7854: 7720: 7547: 7542: 7297: 7230: 7198: 7146: 7028: 7013: 6996: 6926: 6921: 6837: 6794: 6784: 6690: 6682: 6633: 6322:(1stition ed.). The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 65, 313–318. 6163: 5049: 5041: 4977: 4961: 4904: 4862: 4846: 4804: 4788: 4391: 3859: 3784: 3625:. As a result, some people from England, Scotland and Ireland have Welsh surnames. 3458: 3430: 3404: 3376: 3339:

Even among Welsh speakers, very few people speak only Welsh, with nearly all being

3286: 3192:. Islam arrived in Wales in the mid 19th century, and it is thought that Cardiff's 3158:

The census showed that slightly fewer than 10% of the Welsh population are regular

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does not have any Welsh representation, the Flag of Wales has become very popular.

2483: 2072: 10771: 10660: 10622: 10364: 10305: 10181: 10029: 9974: 9677: 9615: 9555: 9518: 9490: 9452: 9417: 9397: 9180: 9170: 9155: 9042: 8849: 8713: 8476: 8331: 8290: 8280: 8119: 8058: 7978: 7973: 7958: 7953: 7866: 7492: 7441: 7048: 6719:

BBC Wales: Welsh Comings and Goings: The history of migration in and out of Wales

6430:"Estimated from population of Wales from 2001 census (2,903,085Census 2001 Wales" 6377: 6258: 6137: 5412: 4192: 4147: 3915: 3854: 3644: 3577: 3408: 3159: 3108: 3096: 3092: 3009: 2680: 2664: 2487: 2334: 2212: 2208: 1527: 1512: 1504: 1490: 1485: 1429: 1410: 1395: 1390: 1282: 949: 922: 840: 549: 470: 209: 5586: 4777:"Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons" 4109:"City of Aberdeen: Census Stats and Facts page 25, section 18, Country of birth" 3277:

The proportion of respondents in the 2011 census who said they could speak Welsh

636: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10637: 10627: 10599: 10347: 10330: 10325: 10194: 9959: 9954: 9880: 9716: 9706: 9682: 9629: 9585: 9500: 9480: 9462: 9407: 9402: 9370: 9215: 9195: 9020: 8921: 8900: 8895: 8532: 8466: 8461: 8450: 8431: 8425: 8421: 8229: 8224: 8183: 8110: 8096: 8008: 7983: 7948: 7907: 7897: 7833: 7820: 7760: 7704: 7696: 7687: 7660: 7532: 7329: 7292: 7277: 7272: 6914: 6909: 6847: 6723: 6226: 5685: 5345:"Scottish Parliament's Review of Census Ethnicity Classifications Consultation" 4572: 3884: 3864: 3849: 3765: 3745:

There is no known evidence which would objectively support the legend that the

3434: 3391:

is largely concentrated in the less urban north and west of Wales, principally

3388: 3345: 3282: 3260: 2954: 2942: 2830: 2606: 2572: 2564: 2502: 2369: 2227: 2204: 2184: 2180: 2141: 1848: 1775: 1434: 1417: 1297: 1277: 1272: 1203: 1066: 984: 979: 936: 912: 904: 890: 816: 398: 379: 313: 229: 205: 197: 147: 60: 10665: 6167: 6010:"BBC – Hereford and Worcester – About Herefordshire – Herefordshire in Wales?" 4908: 4377:, 1990, 3rd ed. (1st ed. 1965), footnote 13 p. 86. Henry wrote the same about 10806: 10632: 10315: 10111: 9989: 9513: 9485: 9392: 9384: 9126: 9078: 8864: 8812: 8541: 8481: 8471: 8371: 8346: 8132: 7602: 7334: 7258: 6280: 6175: 4973: 4916: 4858: 4800: 3869: 3780: 3676: 3653: 3636: 3606: 3602: 3499: 3476: 3412: 3268: 2982: 2966: 2962: 2826: 2676: 2672: 2548:, though some archaeologists argue that there is no evidence for large-scale 2509: 2247:

The names "Wales" and "Welsh" are modern descendants of the Anglo-Saxon word

1609: 1574: 1522: 1405: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1333: 1328: 1210: 1198: 1162: 1036: 969: 944: 626: 564: 506: 409: 383: 193: 152: 69: 6728: 4892: 2814:

and can possibly be related to French immigration during the Norman period.

10746: 9831: 9624: 9412: 8936: 8890: 8829: 8738: 8515: 8493: 8486: 7923: 7848: 7770: 7642: 7619: 7090: 6704: 6645: 5491: 5063: 4991: 4924: 4876: 4818: 4512:, p. 71): The poem contains the line: 'Ar wynep Kymry Cadwallawn was'. 3844: 3804: 3696: 3396: 2617: 2556: 2513: 2280: 2272: 2149: 1962: 1718: 1343: 1304: 1181: 1101: 1071: 1061: 855: 749: 213: 8115: 3521:

is sometimes used as an alternative to the national flag, and is flown on

3056:('White Welsh/English/Scottish/Northern Irish/British' was an option) and 10761: 10342: 10242: 10034: 9994: 9949: 9891: 9746: 9731: 9132: 9051: 8859: 8844: 8834: 8807: 8633: 8586: 8498: 8244: 7861: 7765: 7652: 7557: 3769: 3539: 3368: 3325: 3318: 3185: 2424: 2276: 2200: 2192: 1713: 1594: 1569: 1368: 1309: 1191: 1076: 880: 835: 713: 698: 631: 482: 201: 129: 10670: 8401: 8167: 6686: 5517:

Kings and Warriors, Craftsmen and Priests in Northern Britain AD 550–850

5045: 4965: 4850: 4792: 4294: 4243:

The Welsh language has been protected gradually and most notably by the

2609:

was erected in the mid-8th century, forming a barrier between Wales and

10741: 10675: 9669: 9657: 9110: 9074: 8874: 8839: 8799: 8391: 8153: 8144: 7253: 6842: 6190:"2019 marks bi-centenary of the Albion sailing from Cardigan to Canada" 5416:

published in Western Mail, 17 December 2009 (Retrieved 17 October 2011)

5406:

Pioneering census questionnaire for Wales will help us shape the future

3728: 3632: 3511: 3416: 3303: 3205: 3189: 3152: 3013: 2791: 2581: 2390: 2364:

is the Welsh name for Wales. These words (both of which are pronounced

2196: 2077: 2004: 1614: 860: 845: 646: 559: 519: 514: 492: 308: 173: 6456:"Was there an Indian tribe descended from Welsh explorers to America?" 2249: 865: 10655: 10014: 9069: 8176: 7454: 7238: 7118: 7100: 4378: 4374:, Institut Jules Destrée, Coll. "Notre histoire", Mont-sur-Marchienne 4184: 3704: 3640: 3618: 3446: 3442: 3420: 3340: 3248: 3120: 3052:(for the first time 'Welsh' and 'English' were included as options), 2598: 2594: 2576: 2529: 2517: 2461:, regardless of whether it referred to the people or their homeland. 2312: 2059: 2046: 1728: 1723: 703: 621: 529: 439: 109: 99: 8381: 8082: 6596:

The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion, and Nationalism

4267:"The Welsh diaspora : Analysis of the geography of Welsh names" 10357: 10320: 10208: 10162: 10039: 9726: 9190: 8643: 8598: 8562: 8550: 8396: 8356: 8171: 8163: 8158: 8140: 8063: 7800: 7795: 7780: 6152:"Migration and Ethnicity in Coalfield History: Global Perspectives" 5485:"CREST Minority Nationalism published 2001, extracted 14 July 2010" 4759: 4115: 3894: 3738:. This compares with 2.9 million people living in Wales (as of the 3700: 3687:

established a settlement of about 100 Welsh people in the state of

3684: 3664: 3546: 3438: 3285:

family; historically spoken throughout Wales, with its predecessor

3225: 3204:

each have about 5,000 adherents in Wales, with the rural county of

3201: 3197: 3144: 3128: 3124: 3037: 2620:) is not clear. There is plenty of evidence of the use of the term 2602: 2590: 2435:, including the Welsh, and was the more common literary term until 2308: 1564: 601: 119: 8411: 6320:

Welsh Americans : a History of Assimilation in the Coalfields

3498:), a popular symbol of Wales and the Welsh people, along with the 10337: 10198: 10147: 9849: 9736: 9711: 9590: 9565: 9200: 9165: 9138: 9065: 9047: 8638: 8574: 8198: 7828: 7805: 6741: 5857: 4773: 4536:"BBC History – Ancient History in-depth:Native Tribes of Britain" 4326:"The Semantic Field of Slavery in Old English: Wealh, Esne, Þræl" 3757: 3392: 3310: 3299: 3217: 3209: 3181: 3172: 3164: 3148: 3140: 3132: 3005: 2668: 2636: 2525: 2521: 1604: 1579: 885: 534: 450: 445: 79: 10157: 10080: 6071:"Bore da! Cheshire West revealed as most Welsh place in England" 3375:(Welsh Language Society). The language is used in the bilingual 3220:, is a focal point for many Welsh Hindus. There are about 2,000 2294: 2288: 2235:

least partial Welsh ancestry. Over 300,000 Welsh people live in

2211:. In the English-speaking areas of Wales, many Welsh people are 247: 10706: 10352: 10237: 10137: 9721: 9508: 9290:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

9210: 9185: 9149: 9143: 9056: 8979: 8905: 8824: 8326: 7810: 7755: 7080: 3746: 3724: 3529: 3489: 3384:

2018 Welsh was used in the grand committee for the first time.

2610: 2324: 2318: 2271:

and which came to refer indiscriminately to inhabitants of the

2268: 2259: 2236: 2153: 1235: 954: 89: 6040:"Watch: 43 years on – should Oswestry be in England or Wales?" 4160:"Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics" 3565:

or St. Peter's leek. Both are worn as symbols by the Welsh on

2651:. Although the Welsh language was certainly used at the time, 10213: 10142: 8610: 8416: 8361: 8249: 7843: 7785: 7775: 7733: 7683: 6772: 5018: 4938: 3750: 3720: 3400: 3136: 2811: 2807: 2516:

encountered tribes in present-day Wales that they called the

2264: 2157: 1262: 850: 708: 46: 6663:"The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population" 6101:"Why the people of Shrewsbury are 'more Welsh' than Cardiff" 5950:"St David's Day: why are Liverpool's Welsh links so strong?" 5022:"The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population" 4942:"The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population" 3659:

Settlers from Wales (and later Patagonian Welsh) arrived in

3584:, who was the first Prince of Wales to bear the emblem. The 3502:

colours of green and white. It was used by Henry VII at the

2559:, claiming a heritage back to the Iron Age tribes. When the 10132: 8869: 8406: 8386: 8321: 8149: 4889: 4831: 3550: 3221: 2427:

to describe the Welsh, though the older, more generic term

524: 5477: 2635:. The name of the region in northern England now known as 4411:"Laudator Temporis Acti: More on the Etymology of Walden" 3486: 3184:. A college for training clerics has been established at 5910:"MPs speak Welsh in parliamentary debate for first time" 5616:

Wales, Father Luke Holden – Orthodox Christian Contact.

5980:"Ashton-in-Makerfield U3A – About Ashton-in-Makerfield" 8602: 8988: 5461:. Office for National Statistics. 11 December 2012. 5079:"DNA shows Welsh and Cornish to be 'purest' Britons" 3983: 3794: 3617:

thousands of Welsh people migrated, for example, to

2969:

communities immigrated particularly to urban Wales.

6724:

BBC News report: The Numbers of Welsh (and Cornish)

5648:"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011" 5459:"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011" 5378:. Statistics.gov.uk. 8 January 2004. Archived from 4728:"Gower Historical Processes, Themes and Background" 4594:"What happened after the fall of the Roman Empire?" 4047:– Department of Immigration and Border Protection. 3916:"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011" 2624:(Britons); meanwhile, the earliest use of the word 5490:. crest.ox.ac.uk. 2001. p. 10. Archived from 3783:was born in Barry, Wales. After she suffered from 3367:in the form of groups such as the political party 2949:seen in most industrialising countries during the 2639:is derived from the same root. Only gradually did 6374:"Welsh History, The Welsh in North America, Utah" 5519:(Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland), 5370: 5368: 5366: 5279: 5277: 5275: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4348: 4346: 4183: 4009: 4007: 3955:"2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 10804: 5733:"UK: Wales Plaid calls for second home controls" 5432:. Office for National Statistics. Archived from 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 4037: 3663:in the early 19th century, and founded towns in 3506:in 1485, after which it was carried in state to 2555:Most people in Wales today regard themselves as 2199:, though English is the predominant language in 6293:"Wales History: South America — Patagonia" 3123:. Some Welsh people are affiliated with either 3058:Can you understand, speak, read or write Welsh? 2671:encouraged immigration to their new lands; the 19:"Welshman" redirects here. For other uses, see 5363: 5272: 4428: 4343: 4004: 3908: 3050:How would you describe your national identity? 10096: 9865: 8566: 7668: 6757: 6733: 6250:Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission 5235: 4746: 4013: 2446:prevailed as a reference to the Welsh. Until 2172:. The majority of people living in Wales are 2117: 1121: 8554: 6619:"A Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles" 6448: 6213: 6211: 5399: 5397: 4369: 4331:(Doctoral dissertation). University of Leeds 3768:) who constructed a steel plant and several 3760:was founded in 1869 by a Welsh businessman, 3115:Christianity. Wales has a long tradition of 2431:continued to be used to describe any of the 2328: 2316: 1771:Literature in the other languages of Britain 10559:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 8614: 8578: 6574: 6219:"Nineteenth Century Arrivals in Australia: 5004:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4258: 3840:List of women artists associated with Wales 3493: 3480: 2710:Please help improve this article by adding 2656:identity or its selective use by the early 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 10269:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 10103: 10089: 9872: 9858: 8590: 7682: 7675: 7661: 6764: 6750: 5790: 5788: 4621:Y Gododdin: Britain's earliest heroic poem 4472: 2337:name for Italy) have a similar etymology. 2124: 2110: 1128: 1114: 94:475,000 (Includes those of mixed ancestry) 6694: 6208: 5947: 5540:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 5394: 5133:Abstract of British Historical Statistics 5053: 4981: 4893:"Population genomics of the Viking world" 4866: 4808: 4758: 4651:. University of Wales Press. p. 71. 4408: 4402: 4384: 2995:2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth crisis 2774:Learn how and when to remove this message 2663:There was immigration to Wales after the 2263:, which was derived from the name of the 2226:In 2016, an analysis of the geography of 6593: 6555: 6422: 5587:"Russian Orthodox Church Abroad Cardiff" 5122:2011 Census, Population Estimates for UK 4671: 4646: 4562: 4528: 4475:"Note (a) to The Settlement of Brittany" 3627: 3596: 3272: 2493: 2478: 2340:The modern Welsh name for themselves is 6617:Capelli, Cristian; et al. (2003). 6616: 6492:. BBC. 14 February 2009. Archived from 6402:Te Ara, The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 6149: 5785: 4409:Gilleland, Michael (12 December 2007). 4390: 4211: 4101: 3772:in the region; the town was thus named 3433:(Cymraeg y Wladfa) is a dialect of the 3224:in Wales, with the first purpose-built 2829:. Speaking of these results, Professor 2385:as a self-designation derives from the 16:Ethnic group and nation native to Wales 10805: 8531: 6660: 6536: 6510: 6348:20 July 2005. Retrieved 3 August 2006" 6156:International Review of Social History 6068: 5984:Ashtoninmakerfieldanddistrictu3a.co.uk 5935: 5591:Russian Orthodox Church Abroad Cardiff 5131:Brian R. Mitchell and Phyllis Deane, 5103: 4752: 4634: 4618: 4509: 4440: 4396:Angles and Britons: O'Donnell Lectures 4353: 4323: 3977: 3028:In advance of the 2011 UK Census, the 10084: 9853: 9763: 9655: 9434: 9236: 8668: 8448: 8094: 7731: 7656: 6745: 6732: 6661:Leslie, Stephen; et al. (2015). 6436:from the original on 17 November 2009 6317: 6111:from the original on 21 February 2017 6081:from the original on 21 February 2017 6050:from the original on 21 February 2017 5960:from the original on 21 February 2017 5853:"Oath of Allegiance (Welsh Language)" 5820: 5640: 5376:"NSO article: 'Welsh' on Census form" 5325:from the original on 28 December 2008 5295:from the original on 24 November 2008 5152:from the original on 4 September 2005 4734:from the original on 11 December 2008 4708:from the original on 13 December 2011 4452: 4372:Histoire des mots Wallons et Wallonie 3949: 3947: 3588:uses such a design for its own badge. 3212:'s temple and restaurant, run by the 2806:from further south in Europe such as 2368: 2283:came to use the term to refer to the 10274:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 6344:"Tiny US town's big Welsh heritage: 5948:Collinson, Dawn (28 February 2015). 5833:from the original on 23 October 2018 5315:"Census results 'defy tick-box row'" 5118:200 Years of the Census in ... Wales 4940:Colin; Pirinen, Matti (March 2015). 4546:from the original on 27 January 2010 4305:from the original on 11 January 2016 4297:[Centre for 300,000 Welsh]. 3932:from the original on 11 January 2016 3208:being the centre of Welsh Buddhism. 2999:2001 United Kingdom general election 2690: 2585:is in early Welsh and refers to the 2501:, the founder of the royal house of 2475:Genetic history of the British Isles 684:Catholic Church of England and Wales 41:Regions with significant populations 10823:Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom 9656: 6354:from the original on 6 January 2007 5763:"Plaid plan 'protects' rural areas" 5703:"Apology over 'insults' to English" 5597:from the original on 17 August 2018 5260:from the original on 5 January 2009 5178:. LSJ Services Ltd. Archived from 4253:Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 4225:from the original on 5 January 2016 3988:. Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. 3667:'s coast region; in 1819, the ship 3592: 3463: 739:Disestablishment of Church in Wales 13: 9879: 6771: 6530: 6410:from the original on 13 April 2009 6406:. Teara.govt.nz. 13 October 2009. 5990:from the original on 5 August 2018 5773:from the original on 6 August 2012 5743:from the original on 7 August 2012 5713:from the original on 6 August 2012 5465:from the original on 22 March 2018 5250:"Census shows Welsh language rise" 4702:website. Retrieved 17 August 2006" 4623:. Llandysul: Gomer. p. xviii. 4485:(published 1892). pp. 97–101. 4483:Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion 4264: 4197:(2019 ed.). Wentworth Press. 4122:from the original on 28 April 2010 4067: 4025:from the original on 22 April 2018 3944: 2686: 1819:Baroque music of the British Isles 14: 10834: 10110: 9086:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 6712: 6318:Lewis, Ronald L. (1 March 2014). 6223:website. Retrieved 3 August 2006" 6020:from the original on 3 April 2017 5865:from the original on 19 July 2009 5615: 5285:"Census equality backed by Plaid" 5231:Interview with Mohammed Asghar AM 5212:from the original on 3 April 2009 5076: 4698:"The Flemish colonists in Wales: 3992:from the original on 29 June 2011 3779:Former Australian Prime Minister 2601:) and extending from the area of 10259:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 9836: 8449: 8081: 7636: 6878:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 6466:from the original on 12 May 2008 5802:from the original on 3 June 2015 4477:. In Phillimore, Egerton (ed.). 3821: – Romani subgroup in Wales 3797: 3609:, owing to the Welsh immigration 3344:domain (known in linguistics as 3328:on holiday homes should double. 2695: 2571:with significant influence from 2091: 1814:Early music of the British Isles 1231:Post-war period (social history) 1161: 1095: 344:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 246: 6478: 6392: 6366: 6336: 6311: 6285: 6263: 6241: 6182: 6143: 6123: 6093: 6062: 6032: 6002: 5972: 5941: 5928: 5902: 5877: 5858:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 5845: 5823:"Mugshots and making headlines" 5814: 5755: 5725: 5695: 5674: 5665: 5628:from the original on 7 May 2017 5609: 5579: 5551: 5530: 5509: 5451: 5427:"2011 Census questions – Wales" 5419: 5337: 5307: 5224: 5194: 5164: 5138: 5125: 5109: 5096: 5070: 5012: 4932: 4883: 4825: 4767: 4720: 4690: 4665: 4640: 4627: 4612: 4586: 4523:Iron Age communities in Britain 4515: 4502: 4489: 4466: 4446: 4359: 4317: 4287: 4237: 4177: 3814:Geography and identity in Wales 3241:Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881 2836: 2706:only references primary sources 2170:countries of the United Kingdom 10702:Northern Ireland Sign Language 5796:"Dewis Da – Why choose Welsh?" 5652:Office for National Statistics 4649:The beginnings of Welsh poetry 4415:Laudator Temporis Acti website 4152: 4134: 3923:Office for National Statistics 3647:, emigrated from Wales in 1675 3635:, the second President of the 3046:What is your country of birth? 3030:Office for National Statistics 3023: 2972: 2647:(the people) come to supplant 2561:Roman legions departed Britain 2242: 1761:Literature of Northern Ireland 1491:Ireland & Northern Ireland 1: 9805:Celtic place names in Galicia 9435: 7514:Non-Christian belief systems 6638:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00373-7 6221:University of Wales, Lampeter 6150:Knotter, Ad (December 2015). 5821:Powys, Betsan (22 May 2012). 4324:Miller, Katherine L. (2014). 4301:(in Welsh). 5 November 2014. 4019:"Census Profile, 2016 Census" 3901: 3715:began to publish in English. 3605:, Argentina, inspired by the 3399:, northern and south-western 3281:The Welsh language is in the 3265:History of the Welsh language 2712:secondary or tertiary sources 2629: 2447: 2436: 2406: 2160:who share a common ancestry, 1154:Culture of the United Kingdom 679:Christianity in Roman Britain 9984:British Nationals (Overseas) 9237: 7742:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 6376:. Ligtel.com. Archived from 6225:. Lamp.ac.uk. Archived from 6069:Fuller, Mike (8 July 2016). 4473:Phillimore, Egerton (1891). 4295:"Canolfan i 300,000 o Gymry" 3825:List of Welsh mathematicians 3576:, the heraldic badge of the 3105:Presbyterian Church of Wales 3040:because of its rural nature 1923:Football in Northern Ireland 1538:Anglo-Indian and South Asian 7: 8729:Welsh literature in English 8669: 8095: 7821:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 7732: 5347:. June 2005. Archived from 5135:(Cambridge, 1962) pp 20, 22 3959:United States Census Bureau 3835:List of Welsh women writers 3790: 3373:Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg 3254: 3076: 2819:Little England beyond Wales 2168:. Wales is one of the four 1824:Early British popular music 52:(identifying as Welsh only) 10: 10839: 10055:Turks and Caicos Islanders 8749:Scottish Gaelic literature 8129:Brigantia (ancient region) 7610:Prince of Wales's feathers 6600:Cambridge University Press 6558:The Welsh in their History 6404:. Retrieved 3 August 2003" 6350:. BBC News. 20 July 2005. 6274:. Retrieved 3 August 2006. 6252:. Retrieved 3 August 2006. 4929:(See supplemental note 11) 4674:The Welsh in their History 4672:Williams, Gwyn A. (1982). 3984:Neighbourhood Statistics. 3467: 3456: 3452: 3258: 3080: 3067: 3054:What is your ethnic group? 2987:National Statistics Office 2468: 2464: 1082:Inventions and discoveries 798:Welsh historical documents 652:List of festivals in Wales 18: 10719: 10684: 10646: 10608: 10585: 10578: 10571: 10519: 10461: 10445: 10430: 10373: 10298: 10291: 10251: 10223: 10180: 10173: 10118: 9915: 9887: 9827: 9770: 9764: 9759: 9697: 9668: 9651: 9614: 9536: 9527: 9499: 9471: 9443: 9430: 9383: 9348: 9322: 9243: 9232: 9119: 9096:Hebridean Celtic Festival 9033: 8935: 8914: 8883: 8798: 8757: 8724:Welsh-language literature 8679: 8675: 8664: 8626: 8540: 8457: 8444: 8314: 8273: 8207: 8103: 8090: 8079: 7916: 7885: 7819: 7740: 7727: 7694: 7632: 7583: 7478: 7440: 7348: 7315: 7306: 7229: 7225: 7216: 7154: 7145: 7099: 7004: 6995: 6986: 6900: 6891: 6793: 6780: 6739: 6734:Links to related articles 6594:Hastings, Adrian (1997). 6575:del Giorgio, J F (2005). 6168:10.1017/S0020859015000413 6140:recalled 13 November 2015 5682:University of Wales Press 4909:10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8 4370: 4219:"The Countries of the UK" 4083:Welsh Assembly Government 3986:"Welsh people in England" 3723:, which began as a Welsh 3574:Prince of Wales' feathers 3561:, and that for daffodil, 3470:National symbols of Wales 3232:area of Cardiff in 1989. 2961:in the 20th century, and 2394: 2373:) are descended from the 2098:United Kingdom portal 1854:Music of Northern Ireland 1834:Music in Medieval England 1766:Welsh-language literature 435:Traditional Welsh costume 192: 187: 171: 166: 143: 138: 128: 118: 108: 98: 88: 78: 68: 57: 45: 40: 21:Welshman (disambiguation) 10544:Kingdom of Great Britain 9940:British Virgin Islanders 9529:Ancient Celtic languages 7184:Housing and construction 6400:"Welsh immigration from 5106:, pp. 258–259, 319) 4481:. Vol. XI. London: 3875:Welsh history in Chicago 3582:Edward, the Black Prince 3504:Battle of Bosworth Field 3095:are affiliated with the 2423:was used throughout the 1600:Late Summer Bank Holiday 9800:Gaulish words in French 9785:Celtic words in English 8039:Scottish New Zealanders 7929:Anglo-Celtic Australian 7568:1904–1905 Welsh revival 7563:Welsh Methodist revival 6556:Williams, Gary (1982). 6537:Davies, Norman (1991). 5411:18 January 2012 at the 5208:. BBC. 15 August 2008. 5146:"Industrial Revolution" 4647:Williams, Ifor (1972). 4619:Jarman, A.O.H. (1988). 4249:Welsh Language Act 1993 4245:Welsh Language Act 1967 3419:, and parts of western 3101:Christian denominations 2959:Commonwealth of Nations 2295: 2289: 2267:known to the Romans as 1359:Romani people (Gypsies) 734:1904–1905 Welsh Revival 729:Welsh Methodist revival 180:(43.6%), traditionally 9902:English-speaking world 8734:Early Irish literature 8615: 8603: 8591: 8579: 8567: 8555: 8019:Scotch-Irish Canadians 8014:Scotch-Irish Americans 6075:Chesterchronicle.co.uk 4495:The poem is available 4085:. 2008. Archived from 3756:The Ukrainian city of 3681:Thomas Benbow Phillips 3648: 3610: 3494: 3481: 3278: 3008:(at 27%), followed by 2947:demographic transition 2810:, to a lesser extent, 2505: 2491: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2329: 2317: 2253:, a descendant of the 2188: 2145: 612:Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau 404:Welsh-medium education 10692:British Sign Language 10537:Principality of Wales 10381:Bailiwick of Guernsey 10264:British–Irish Council 10252:Political cooperation 10233:Bailiwick of Guernsey 9361:Scottish independence 9106:Celtic Media Festival 8989:National music scenes 8215:Proto-Celtic religion 7917:Related ethnic groups 7573:Welsh Church Act 1914 7340:British Sign Language 6511:Davies, John (1994). 6432:. Statistics.gov.uk. 6295:. BBC. Archived from 6107:. 12 September 2006. 5321:. 30 September 2002. 5291:. 23 September 2000. 5202:"Italian immigration" 4839:Nature Communications 4781:Nature Communications 4596:. BBC. Archived from 4221:. statistics.gov.uk. 4075:"Wales and Argentina" 4045:Australian Government 3631: 3615:Industrial Revolution 3600: 3276: 3169:South Wales coalfield 2951:Industrial Revolution 2579:. The surviving poem 2497: 2482: 1993:Palace of Westminster 1799:British popular music 1450:British Sign Language 803:Welsh-language comics 188:Related ethnic groups 10311:Islands of the Clyde 10005:New Forest Commoners 9685:(Medieval Welsh law) 9295:Scottish nationalism 8945:Ancient Celtic music 8260:Romano-Celtic temple 8069:Welsh New Zealanders 7994:Irish New Zealanders 7129:British Armed Forces 6969:Wales–England border 6577:The Oldest Europeans 6496:on 14 February 2009. 6462:. 8 September 2006. 6380:on 24 September 2009 6272:Multicultural Canada 6257:30 June 2006 at the 5739:. 17 November 1999. 5622:Orthodoxchurch.co.uk 5439:on 22 September 2013 5256:. 14 February 2003. 4497:online at Wikisource 4189:Brynmor Jones, David 4146:8 March 2005 at the 3925:. 11 December 2012. 3830:List of Welsh people 3736:Canada's 2011 census 3709:Jackson County, Ohio 3623:Ashton-in-Makerfield 3601:Flag of the city of 3508:St. Paul's Cathedral 3359:Although Welsh is a 3354:Welsh Language Board 3334:Welsh-English border 2847:Population of Wales 2618:Anglo-Saxon settlers 2366:Welsh pronunciation: 2346:(plural) (singular: 2230:commissioned by the 1983:World Heritage Sites 1913:Football in Scotland 1015:World Heritage Sites 10697:Irish Sign Language 10554:Kingdom of Scotland 10391:Bailiwick of Jersey 10374:Lists of islands of 9950:Chagossians (Îlois) 9930:Ascension Islanders 9375:Irish republicanism 9356:Breton independence 9335:Scottish devolution 9268:Cornish nationalism 9091:Pan Celtic Festival 8965:Scottish folk music 8719:Scottish literature 8240:Celtic Christianity 8044:Scottish Travellers 8029:Scottish Argentines 7873:Scottish Travellers 7288:Scheduled monuments 7264:Literature in Welsh 7164:Banking and finance 6942:Mountains and hills 6868:Statute of Rhuddlan 6687:10.1038/nature14230 6679:2015Natur.519..309. 6194:Tivyside Advertiser 5954:Liverpoolecho.co.uk 5709:. 19 January 2001. 5046:10.1038/nature14230 5038:2015Natur.519..309. 4966:10.1038/nature14230 4958:2015Natur.519..309. 4851:10.1038/ncomms10408 4793:10.1038/ncomms10326 4055:on 13 February 2014 4049:"Welsh Australians" 3965:on 12 February 2020 3890:Welsh New Zealander 3519:Flag of Saint David 3485:) incorporates the 3437:which is spoken in 3395:, inland Conwy and 3237:temperance movement 2453:the word was spelt 2405:, by Afan Ferddig) 2399:Cadwallon ap Cadfan 1938:Cricket in Scotland 1908:Football in England 1792:and performing arts 1756:Scottish literature 1635:Saint Patrick's Day 1590:Spring Bank Holiday 1052:Flag of Saint David 819:and performing arts 689:Celtic Christianity 607:Dydd Santes Dwynwen 334:Statute of Rhuddlan 37: 10549:Kingdom of Ireland 10532:Kingdom of England 10279:Common Travel Area 10225:Crown Dependencies 10060:Ulster Protestants 10020:Pitcairn Islanders 9965:Falkland Islanders 9366:Welsh independence 9330:Cornish devolution 9251:Breton nationalism 9101:Celtic Connections 8704:Cornish literature 8049:Ulster Protestants 8034:Scottish Canadians 8024:Scottish Americans 7934:Anglo-Irish people 7455:Healthcare service 7076:Secretary of State 6858:Edwardian conquest 6848:Medieval Welsh law 6833:Kingdom of Gwynedd 6513:A History of Wales 6136:2 May 2016 at the 6044:Shropshirestar.com 5690:The Welsh Language 5403:Walesonline.co.uk 5351:on 4 February 2013 4454:Lloyd, John Edward 4089:on 16 October 2012 3764:(an engineer from 3649: 3611: 3555:David Lloyd George 3535:Historia Brittonum 3381:British Parliament 3352:research from the 3313:county councillor 3279: 2593:with a capital at 2506: 2492: 2305:Continental Europe 2213:bilingually fluent 1999:Angel of the North 1933:Cricket in Ireland 1928:Cricket in England 1829:English folk music 1804:British rock music 1751:English literature 1625:Saint Andrew's Day 1620:Saint George's Day 1316:Modern ethnicities 324:Edwardian conquest 314:Medieval Welsh law 299:Kingdom of Gwynedd 31: 10800: 10799: 10794: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10715: 10714: 10567: 10566: 10426: 10425: 10287: 10286: 10078: 10077: 10050:Tristan Islanders 9847: 9846: 9823: 9822: 9755: 9754: 9647: 9646: 9643: 9642: 9606:Cisalpine Gaulish 9426: 9425: 9312:national identity 9307:Welsh nationalism 9300:national identity 9280:Irish nationalism 9228: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9161:Cornish wrestling 9029: 9028: 8950:Breton Folk music 8915:Regional cultures 8758:National cultures 8744:Gaelic literature 8699:Breton literature 8660: 8659: 8656: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8440: 8439: 8352:Chief of the Name 8220:Celtic polytheism 8137:Sub-Roman Britain 8077: 8076: 7964:Irish Australians 7944:Cornish Americans 7903:Scottish diaspora 7650: 7649: 7628: 7627: 7474: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7212: 7211: 7141: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7066:Political parties 6982: 6981: 6873:Glyndŵr rebellion 6828:Early Middle Ages 6673:(7543): 309–314. 6490:/wales south east 6329:978-1-4696-1489-2 6105:Walesonline.co.uk 5916:. 7 February 2018 5798:. Careers Wales. 5077:Leake, Jonathan. 5032:(7543): 309–314. 4952:(7543): 309–314. 4903:(7825): 390–396. 4658:978-0-7083-0035-0 4392:Tolkien, J. R. R. 4265:Webber, Richard. 4204:978-1-01-052046-7 4079:Wales.com website 4015:Statistics Canada 3880:Welsh immigration 3819:Kale (Welsh Roma) 3689:Rio Grande do Sul 3586:Welsh Rugby Union 3567:Saint David's Day 3523:Saint David's Day 3365:Welsh nationalism 3361:minority language 3296:Rhondda Cynon Taf 3083:Religion in Wales 2963:African-Caribbean 2939: 2938: 2784: 2783: 2776: 2758: 2433:Britonnic peoples 2403:Moliant Cadwallon 2370:[ˈkəm.ri] 2134: 2133: 2067:God Save the King 2053:Dieu et mon droit 1988:Buckingham Palace 1918:Football in Wales 1844:Music of Scotland 1809:British pop music 1630:Saint David's Day 1138: 1137: 719:William Salesbury 674:Religion in Wales 617:Saint David's Day 488:Matter of Britain 456:Historic counties 339:Glyndŵr rebellion 294:Early Middle Ages 223: 222: 10830: 10752:Irish Travellers 10583: 10582: 10579:Modern languages 10576: 10575: 10527:Irish Free State 10484:Northern Ireland 10443: 10442: 10296: 10295: 10204:Northern Ireland 10182:Sovereign states 10178: 10177: 10105: 10098: 10091: 10082: 10081: 9907:British diaspora 9897:English language 9874: 9867: 9860: 9851: 9850: 9840: 9761: 9760: 9653: 9652: 9635:Galwegian Gaelic 9534: 9533: 9432: 9431: 9340:Welsh devolution 9234: 9233: 8986: 8985: 8975:Sean-nós singing 8970:Welsh folk music 8960:Irish folk music 8927:Highland culture 8709:Irish literature 8689:Arthurian Legend 8677: 8676: 8666: 8665: 8618: 8606: 8594: 8582: 8570: 8558: 8538: 8537: 8529: 8528: 8506:Neo-Christianity 8446: 8445: 8377:Gaelic astrology 8337:Celtic festivals 8235:Celtic mythology 8208:Ancient religion 8125:Iron Age Britain 8092: 8091: 8085: 8064:Welsh Argentines 8004:Irish Uruguayans 7999:Irish Travellers 7969:Irish Brazilians 7959:Irish Argentines 7939:Breton Americans 7893:Cornish diaspora 7855:Irish Travellers 7729: 7728: 7721:Celtic languages 7677: 7670: 7663: 7654: 7653: 7643:Wales portal 7641: 7640: 7639: 7313: 7312: 7227: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7152: 7151: 7119:Modern Welsh law 7034:Local government 7002: 7001: 6993: 6992: 6898: 6897: 6863:Late Middle Ages 6838:Kingdom of Powys 6823:Anglo-Welsh Wars 6766: 6759: 6752: 6743: 6742: 6730: 6729: 6708: 6698: 6657: 6623: 6613: 6590: 6571: 6552: 6526: 6498: 6497: 6482: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6396: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6289: 6283: 6279:26 June 2007 at 6267: 6261: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6215: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6147: 6141: 6127: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6097: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6036: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5945: 5939: 5932: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5906: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5861:. 21 July 1966. 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5792: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5769:. 19 June 2001. 5759: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5699: 5693: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5618:"Orthodox Wales" 5613: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5563: 5555: 5549: 5534: 5528: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5496: 5489: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5438: 5431: 5423: 5417: 5401: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5372: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5311: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5281: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5246: 5233: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5176:Therhondda.co.uk 5168: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5142: 5136: 5129: 5123: 5113: 5107: 5100: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5057: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5003: 4995: 4985: 4936: 4930: 4928: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4870: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4812: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4644: 4638: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4590: 4584: 4569:Iron Age Britain 4566: 4560: 4559: 4553: 4551: 4532: 4526: 4519: 4513: 4506: 4500: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4450: 4444: 4437: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4350: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4330: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4256: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4156: 4150: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4116:City of Aberdeen 4113: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4051:. 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10465: 10463: 10462:Current states 10459: 10458: 10456: 10455: 10449: 10447: 10440: 10428: 10427: 10424: 10423: 10421: 10420: 10419: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10401:United Kingdom 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10377: 10375: 10371: 10370: 10368: 10367: 10362: 10361: 10360: 10355: 10348:Northern Isles 10345: 10340: 10335: 10334: 10333: 10328: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10302: 10300: 10293: 10289: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10282: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10255: 10253: 10249: 10248: 10246: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10229: 10227: 10221: 10220: 10218: 10217: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10195:United Kingdom 10192: 10186: 10184: 10175: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10125: 10119: 10116: 10115: 10108: 10107: 10100: 10093: 10085: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10010:Northern Irish 10007: 10002: 10000:Montserratians 9997: 9992: 9987: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9888: 9885: 9884: 9881:British people 9877: 9876: 9869: 9862: 9854: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9841: 9834: 9828: 9825: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9771: 9768: 9767: 9757: 9756: 9753: 9752: 9750: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9707:Gaelic warfare 9703: 9701: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9691: 9686: 9683:Cyfraith Hywel 9680: 9674: 9672: 9666: 9665: 9649: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9641: 9640: 9638: 9637: 9632: 9630:Deeside Gaelic 9627: 9621: 9619: 9612: 9611: 9609: 9608: 9603: 9601:Hispano-Celtic 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9556:Proto-Goidelic 9553: 9548: 9542: 9540: 9531: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9505: 9503: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9477: 9475: 9469: 9468: 9466: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9449: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9428: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9408:Celtic society 9405: 9403:Celtic Revival 9400: 9395: 9389: 9387: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9377: 9371:United Ireland 9368: 9363: 9358: 9352: 9350: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9326: 9324: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9316: 9315: 9314: 9304: 9303: 9302: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9276: 9275: 9265: 9264: 9263: 9258: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9240: 9230: 9229: 9226: 9225: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9218: 9216:Welsh handball 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9196:Highland games 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9129: 9123: 9121: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9082: 9081: 9072: 9063: 9054: 9039: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8992: 8990: 8983: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8941: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8929: 8924: 8922:Gaelic culture 8918: 8916: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8908: 8903: 8901:Highland dress 8898: 8893: 8887: 8885: 8881: 8880: 8878: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8865:Pictish stones 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8810: 8804: 8802: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8761: 8759: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8685: 8683: 8673: 8672: 8662: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8654: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8630: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8621: 8620: 8608: 8596: 8584: 8572: 8560: 8547: 8545: 8535: 8526: 8525: 8524: 8523: 8518: 8508: 8503: 8502: 8501: 8491: 8490: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8469: 8467:Celtic nations 8464: 8462:Celtic Revival 8458: 8455: 8454: 8442: 8441: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8434: 8429: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8318: 8316: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8277: 8275: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8230:Celtic Animism 8227: 8225:Celtic deities 8222: 8217: 8211: 8209: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8184:Cisalpine Gaul 8181: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8156: 8147: 8122: 8113: 8111:Gaelic Ireland 8107: 8105: 8101: 8100: 8088: 8087: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8009:Manx Americans 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7984:Irish Chileans 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7949:English people 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7920: 7918: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7908:Welsh diaspora 7905: 7900: 7898:Irish diaspora 7895: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7879: 7878: 7877: 7876: 7875: 7864: 7859: 7858: 7857: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7825: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7752: 7750: 7738: 7737: 7725: 7724: 7705:Celtic studies 7697:Celtic nations 7695: 7692: 7691: 7680: 7679: 7672: 7665: 7657: 7648: 7647: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7606: 7605: 7595: 7589: 7587: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7512: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7484: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7464: 7463: 7462: 7452: 7446: 7444: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7386: 7385: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7359: 7357: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7321: 7319: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7235: 7233: 7220: 7214: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7189:Power stations 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7105: 7103: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7052: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7031: 7026: 7024:First Minister 7021: 7016: 7010: 7008: 6999: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6952:National parks 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6799: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6787: 6785:List of topics 6781: 6778: 6777: 6775: articles 6769: 6768: 6761: 6754: 6746: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6727: 6726: 6721: 6714: 6713:External links 6711: 6710: 6709: 6658: 6614: 6608: 6591: 6585: 6572: 6566: 6560:. Croom Helm. 6553: 6547: 6532: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6521: 6507: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6477: 6447: 6421: 6391: 6365: 6335: 6328: 6310: 6299:on 13 May 2006 6284: 6262: 6240: 6207: 6181: 6142: 6122: 6092: 6061: 6031: 6001: 5971: 5940: 5938:, p. 189) 5927: 5901: 5876: 5844: 5813: 5784: 5754: 5724: 5694: 5680:Janet Davies, 5673: 5664: 5639: 5608: 5578: 5550: 5529: 5508: 5476: 5450: 5418: 5393: 5382:on 5 June 2009 5362: 5336: 5306: 5271: 5234: 5223: 5193: 5182:on 20 May 2008 5163: 5137: 5124: 5108: 5095: 5069: 5011: 4931: 4882: 4824: 4766: 4760:10.1101/135962 4745: 4719: 4689: 4682: 4676:. Croom Helm. 4664: 4657: 4639: 4626: 4611: 4600:on 9 June 2008 4585: 4573:Barry Cunliffe 4561: 4527: 4514: 4501: 4488: 4465: 4445: 4427: 4401: 4383: 4368:Albert Henry, 4358: 4342: 4316: 4286: 4274:Welsh Assembly 4257: 4236: 4210: 4203: 4176: 4164:www.ons.gov.uk 4151: 4133: 4100: 4066: 4036: 4003: 3976: 3943: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3885:Welsh Italians 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3865:Welsh Canadian 3862: 3857: 3852: 3850:Welsh American 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3792: 3789: 3766:Merthyr Tydfil 3699:), Canada and 3594: 3591: 3590: 3589: 3570: 3543: 3526: 3515: 3468:Main article: 3465: 3462: 3454: 3451: 3435:Welsh language 3389:first language 3346:code-switching 3283:Insular Celtic 3261:Welsh language 3256: 3253: 3228:opened in the 3078: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3025: 3022: 3016:(22%) and the 2979:2001 UK census 2974: 2971: 2943:Glamorganshire 2937: 2936: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2838: 2835: 2831:Peter Donnelly 2782: 2781: 2723:"Welsh people" 2703: 2701: 2694: 2688: 2685: 2667:, and several 2565:Romano-British 2563:around 400, a 2512:, the ancient 2499:King Henry VII 2466: 2463: 2387:post-Roman Era 2265:Gaulish people 2255:Proto-Germanic 2244: 2241: 2228:Welsh surnames 2221:Roman invasion 2205:code-switching 2181:Welsh language 2179:In Wales, the 2132: 2131: 2129: 2128: 2121: 2114: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2063: 2056: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2002: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1979: 1975: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1851: 1849:Music of Wales 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1795: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1776:British comics 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1560:New Year's Day 1556: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1533:Northern Irish 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1472: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1293:Northern Irish 1290: 1285: 1280: 1270: 1265: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1204:British Empire 1196: 1195: 1194: 1192:Regency period 1189: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1158: 1157: 1149: 1148: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1125: 1118: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1067:Welsh heraldry 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1011: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1002: 1001: 998: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 941: 935: 934: 933: 930: 929: 926: 925: 920: 915: 909: 903: 902: 901: 898: 897: 894: 893: 891:Welsh bagpipes 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 822: 815: 814: 813: 810: 809: 806: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 764: 758: 757: 756: 753: 752: 746: 745: 742: 741: 736: 731: 726: 724:William Morgan 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 670: 664: 663: 662: 659: 658: 655: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 598: 592: 591: 590: 587: 586: 583: 582: 580:Food festivals 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 511: 505: 504: 503: 500: 499: 496: 495: 490: 485: 479: 469: 468: 467: 464: 463: 460: 459: 453: 448: 442: 437: 431: 427: 426: 425: 422: 421: 418: 417: 412: 407: 401: 399:Welsh surnames 396: 391: 386: 376: 370: 369: 368: 365: 364: 358: 357: 352: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 265: 264: 263: 257: 256: 255: 252: 251: 243: 242: 234: 233: 221: 220: 190: 189: 185: 184: 172:Predominantly 169: 168: 164: 163: 161: 160: 155: 150: 144: 141: 140: 136: 135: 132: 126: 125: 122: 116: 115: 112: 106: 105: 102: 96: 95: 92: 86: 85: 82: 76: 75: 72: 66: 65: 61:Welsh diaspora 55: 54: 43: 42: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10835: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10810: 10808: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10718: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10683: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10653: 10651: 10649: 10645: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10615: 10613: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10588: 10584: 10581: 10577: 10574: 10570: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10538: 10535: 10534: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10524: 10522: 10520:Former states 10518: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10476: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10460: 10454: 10451: 10450: 10448: 10446:Island groups 10444: 10441: 10438: 10433: 10429: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10403: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10378: 10376: 10372: 10366: 10363: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10350: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10323: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10316:Great Britain 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10299:Island groups 10297: 10294: 10290: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10256: 10254: 10250: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10230: 10228: 10226: 10222: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10179: 10176: 10172: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10120: 10117: 10113: 10112:British Isles 10106: 10101: 10099: 10094: 10092: 10087: 10086: 10083: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10045:Spanish Brits 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9985: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9970:Gibraltarians 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9917: 9914: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9886: 9882: 9875: 9870: 9868: 9863: 9861: 9856: 9855: 9852: 9839: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9826: 9816: 9815:– in Portugal 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9795:– in Galician 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9772: 9769: 9762: 9758: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9704: 9702: 9700: 9696: 9690: 9687: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9654: 9650: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9613: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9506: 9504: 9502: 9498: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9474: 9470: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9433: 9429: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9393:Celtic League 9391: 9390: 9388: 9386: 9385:Pan-Celticism 9382: 9376: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9347: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9321: 9313: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9305: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9274: 9271: 9270: 9269: 9266: 9262: 9261:reunification 9259: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9252: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9242: 9235: 9231: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9176: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9151: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9134: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9118: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9032: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8987: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8934: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8913: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8882: 8876: 8875:Triple spiral 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8815: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8797: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8694:Bardic Poetry 8692: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8667: 8663: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8625: 8617: 8612: 8609: 8605: 8600: 8597: 8593: 8588: 8585: 8581: 8576: 8573: 8569: 8564: 8561: 8557: 8552: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8542:Celtic League 8539: 8536: 8534: 8530: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8500: 8497: 8496: 8495: 8492: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8482:Celtic League 8480: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8473: 8472:Pan-Celticism 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8456: 8452: 8447: 8443: 8433: 8430: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8372:Gaelicisation 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8347:Celticisation 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8272: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8206: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8162: 8161: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8151: 8150:Iron Age Gaul 8148: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8133:Roman Britain 8130: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8102: 8098: 8093: 8089: 8084: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7989:Irish Mexican 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7915: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7870: 7869: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7818: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7713:Celtic tribes 7710: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7693: 7689: 7685: 7678: 7673: 7671: 7666: 7664: 7659: 7658: 7655: 7645: 7644: 7631: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7604: 7603:national flag 7601: 7600: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7489: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7477: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7439: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7335:Welsh English 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7320: 7318: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7259:Gorsedd Cymru 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7124:Police forces 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7071:Republicanism 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6792: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6774: 6767: 6762: 6760: 6755: 6753: 6748: 6747: 6744: 6738: 6731: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6706: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6620: 6615: 6611: 6609:0-521-62544-0 6605: 6601: 6597: 6592: 6588: 6586:980-6898-00-1 6582: 6578: 6573: 6569: 6567:0-7099-3651-6 6563: 6559: 6554: 6550: 6548:0-333-69283-7 6544: 6540: 6535: 6534: 6524: 6522:0-14-014581-8 6518: 6514: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6486:"John Hughes" 6481: 6465: 6461: 6460:Straight Dope 6457: 6451: 6435: 6431: 6425: 6409: 6405: 6403: 6395: 6379: 6375: 6369: 6353: 6349: 6347: 6339: 6331: 6325: 6321: 6314: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6281:archive.today 6278: 6275: 6273: 6266: 6260: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6244: 6228: 6224: 6222: 6214: 6212: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6162:(S1): 13–39. 6161: 6157: 6153: 6146: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6126: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6035: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6005: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5975: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5944: 5937: 5931: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5890: 5889:Parliament.UK 5886: 5880: 5864: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5817: 5801: 5797: 5791: 5789: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5758: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5698: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5677: 5668: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5612: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5567: 5560: 5554: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5526: 5525:0-903903-24-5 5522: 5518: 5512: 5493: 5486: 5480: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5435: 5428: 5422: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5400: 5398: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5310: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5232: 5227: 5211: 5207: 5206:Wales History 5203: 5197: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5167: 5151: 5147: 5141: 5134: 5128: 5121: 5119: 5115:Census 2001, 5112: 5105: 5099: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5007: 5001: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4935: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4886: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4828: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4770: 4761: 4756: 4749: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4707: 4703: 4701: 4693: 4685: 4683:0-7099-3651-6 4679: 4675: 4668: 4660: 4654: 4650: 4643: 4636: 4630: 4622: 4615: 4599: 4595: 4589: 4582: 4581:0-7134-8839-5 4578: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4558: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4531: 4524: 4521:Cunliffe, B. 4518: 4511: 4505: 4498: 4492: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4461: 4460: 4455: 4449: 4443:, p. 69) 4442: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4416: 4412: 4405: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4380: 4373: 4362: 4356:, p. 71) 4355: 4349: 4347: 4327: 4320: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4275: 4268: 4261: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4206: 4200: 4196: 4195: 4190: 4186: 4180: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4145: 4142: 4137: 4121: 4117: 4110: 4104: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4070: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4008: 3991: 3987: 3980: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3948: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3911: 3907: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3870:Welsh Chilean 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3806: 3795: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3781:Julia Gillard 3777: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3707:, Argentina. 3706: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3677:New Brunswick 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3655: 3654:Pas-de-Calais 3646: 3642: 3638: 3637:United States 3634: 3630: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3607:Flag of Wales 3604: 3603:Puerto Madryn 3599: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3563:cenhinen Bedr 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3495:Y Ddraig Goch 3491: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3477:Flag of Wales 3474: 3473: 3471: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3413:Pembrokeshire 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3355: 3349: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3335: 3329: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3275: 3270: 3269:Welsh English 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3214:Hare Krishnas 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3117:nonconformism 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3074: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2983:White British 2980: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2827:Landsker line 2822: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2788:Beaker people 2778: 2775: 2767: 2756: 2753: 2749: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2725: – 2724: 2720: 2719:Find sources: 2713: 2707: 2704:This section 2702: 2693: 2692: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2677:Pembrokeshire 2675:dividing the 2674: 2673:Landsker Line 2670: 2666: 2661: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2605:to the Tyne. 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2508:During their 2504: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2485: 2484:Owain Glyndŵr 2481: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2445: 2442:. Thereafter 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2404: 2400: 2395:The Old North 2392: 2391:Yr Hen Ogledd 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2320: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2291: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2240: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2195:and parts of 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2127: 2122: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2014: 2013: 2006: 2003: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1972: 1971: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1785: 1784: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1610:Christmas Day 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1575:Easter Monday 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1354:British Mixed 1352: 1350: 1349:British Arabs 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1339:Black British 1337: 1335: 1334:Asian British 1332: 1330: 1329:White British 1327: 1325: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1246: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1112: 1111: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1004: 1003: 996: 993: 991: 988: 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443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 432: 424: 423: 416: 413: 411: 410:Welsh English 408: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 384:Y Fro Gymraeg 381: 378: 377: 373: 367: 366: 363: 360: 359: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 266: 260: 254: 253: 249: 245: 244: 240: 236: 235: 231: 227: 226: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 186: 183: 182:Nonconformist 179: 175: 174:Non-religious 170: 165: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 145: 142: 137: 133: 131: 127: 123: 121: 117: 113: 111: 107: 103: 101: 97: 93: 91: 87: 83: 81: 77: 73: 71: 70:United States 67: 64: 62: 56: 48: 44: 39: 36: 26: 22: 10813:Welsh people 10781: 10777:Ulster-Scots 10069: 10065:Ulster Scots 9832:Celts portal 9790:– in Spanish 9625:Arran Gaelic 9546:Proto-Celtic 9514:Bungi Creole 9413:Celtic unity 9349:Independence 9148: 9131: 8955:Gaelic music 8891:Celtic Dress 8840:High crosses 8830:Celtic cross 8808:Bell shrines 8739:Irish annals 8521:Neo-Druidism 8516:Celtic Wicca 8487:Celtic union 8451:Modern Celts 8342:Celtic women 8245:Celtic Rites 8194:Transylvania 8054:Ulster Scots 7924:Anglo-Celtic 7838: 7771:Celtiberians 7716: 7708: 7700: 7688:modern Celts 7634: 7620:Welsh Dragon 7488:Christianity 7349: 7308:Demographics 7266: / 7091:Wales Office 7056:Local rulers 6905:Biodiversity 6808:Bibliography 6670: 6666: 6629: 6625: 6595: 6576: 6557: 6541:. 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Alcock, 5469:24 February 5104:Davies 1994 5088:22 November 4635:Davies 1994 4540:BBC History 4525:pp. 115–118 4510:Davies 1994 4479:Y Cymmrodor 4441:Davies 1994 4366:(in French) 4354:Davies 1994 4169:29 November 4093:24 December 4059:20 February 3762:John Hughes 3740:2001 census 3691:in Brazil. 3540:King Arthur 3482:Baner Cymru 3387:Welsh as a 3369:Plaid Cymru 3326:council tax 3319:Plaid Cymru 3315:Seimon Glyn 3251:tradition. 3186:Llanybydder 3109:Catholicism 3024:2011 census 2973:2001 census 2622:Brythoniaid 2607:Offa's Dyke 2589:kingdom of 2451: 1560 2440: 1100 2429:Brythoniaid 2425:Middle Ages 2419:, the word 2277:Old English 2243:Terminology 2217:proficiency 2201:South Wales 2193:North Wales 1948:Rugby union 1714:English art 1667:No religion 1595:The Twelfth 1570:Good Friday 1445:Angloromani 1369:Other White 1077:Celtic knot 1057:Other flags 995:Rugby Union 881:Triple harp 866:Noson Lawen 836:Welsh dance 714:Welsh Bible 699:Saint David 694:Celtic Rite 632:Calan Gaeaf 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3902:References 3770:coal mines 3729:Welsh Flag 3717:Malad City 3633:John Adams 3569:, 1 March. 3512:Union Flag 3457:See also: 3417:Ceredigion 3304:Ceredigion 3206:Ceredigion 3190:West Wales 3153:Eisteddfod 3081:See also: 3014:Ceredigion 2935:3,063,000 2927:2,644,000 2919:2,644,000 2911:2,487,000 2903:2,656,000 2895:2,421,000 2887:1,163,000 2792:Bronze Age 2764:April 2023 2734:newspapers 2633: 633 2582:Y Gododdin 2536:and spoke 2469:See also: 2410: 633 2303:people in 2279:-speaking 2197:West Wales 2156:native to 2078:Tudor rose 2005:Stonehenge 1958:Ice hockey 1881:Television 1743:Literature 1615:Boxing Day 918:Television 861:Cynghanedd 846:Cerdd Dant 773:in English 760:Literature 647:Eisteddfod 627:Calan Awst 560:Welsh cake 520:Bara Lafwr 515:Bara brith 493:Mabinogion 428:Traditions 309:Deheubarth 279:Prehistory 10656:Auregnais 10292:Geography 10015:Orcadians 9742:Redshanks 9717:Ceithearn 9445:Brittonic 9437:Languages 9070:Calan Mai 9061:Gŵyl Fair 9035:Festivals 8850:Interlace 8274:Mythology 8265:Practices 8177:Gallaecia 7791:Galatians 7503:Mormonism 7395:Musicians 7390:Inventors 7325:Languages 7317:Languages 7249:Education 7204:Transport 7174:Companies 7019:Elections 6893:Geography 6818:Roman Era 6539:The Isles 6346:BBC News, 6176:0020-8590 6014:Bbc.co.uk 5994:9 January 5692:, page 34 5601:17 August 5571:9 January 5566:Gov.wales 5083:The Times 4974:0028-0836 4917:1476-4687 4859:2041-1723 4845:: 10408. 4801:2041-1723 4379:Wallachia 4309:6 January 3969:6 January 3936:6 January 3753:in 1170. 3705:Patagonia 3641:Llanboidy 3619:Liverpool 3545:Both the 3447:Patagonia 3443:Argentine 3421:Glamorgan 3341:bilingual 3249:Mari Lwyd 3230:Riverside 3121:Methodism 3099:or other 3087:Forms of 2599:Edinburgh 2595:Din Eidyn 2577:Old Welsh 2530:Deceangli 2518:Ordovices 2375:Brythonic 2313:Wallachia 2148:) are an 2060:In Defens 2047:Britannia 1976:Monuments 1729:Irish art 1724:Welsh art 1552:Festivals 1464:Mythology 1383:Languages 1008:Monuments 704:Dubricius 622:Calan Mai 594:Festivals 471:Mythology 440:Welsh law 372:Languages 284:Roman Era 178:Christian 139:Languages 110:Argentina 100:Australia 74:2 million 49:2 million 10772:Scottish 10671:Jèrriais 10587:Germanic 10501:Guernsey 10489:Scotland 10411:Scotland 10358:Shetland 10321:Hebrides 10209:Scotland 10174:Politics 10163:Hibernia 9990:Jersiais 9727:Gaesatae 9618:dialects 9581:Lepontic 9571:Galatian 9473:Goidelic 9323:Autonomy 9238:Politics 9191:Rounders 9043:Calendar 9016:Scotland 9001:Cornwall 8996:Brittany 8884:Clothing 8835:Knotwork 8813:Brooches 8785:Scotland 8770:Cornwall 8765:Brittany 8644:Y Wladfa 8599:Scotland 8563:Cornwall 8551:Brittany 8402:Seanchaí 8397:Tanistry 8357:Derbfine 8286:Scottish 8172:Brittany 8168:Domnonée 8164:Armorica 8159:Britonia 8141:Dumnonia 8116:Dálriata 7801:Lepontii 7796:Helvetii 7781:Gallaeci 7554:History 7528:Hinduism 7523:Buddhism 7480:Religion 7425:in Welsh 7179:Forestry 7086:Unionism 7006:Politics 6988:Politics 6883:Colonies 6803:Timeline 6705:25788095 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