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456:. There he spent the winter learning about, and reorganizing, the fur trade. On his return journey in 1821, he learned that the two companies had merged. This put an end to a ruinous and sometimes violent competition and converted the HBC monopoly into an informal government for western Canada. He escorted that year's furs to Rock Depot and returned upriver to
504:
411:. Governor William Williams, who had been sent out in 1818, had arrested or captured several North West Company men. The Nor'Westers replied with a Quebec warrant for Williams' arrest. The London governors were unhappy with Williams' clumsy management and both companies were under British pressure to settle their differences. The
1168:
Shortly after the
Princes of Wales's visit, Governor Simpson suffered a massive stroke and died six days later in Lachine. At his death in 1860, he left an estate worth over ÂŁ100,000, which in relation to GDP, amounted to half a billion dollars in 2023 Canadian money. The amount is also very similar
833:
of its recognition of
Hawaiian independence on 19 December, and then proceeded to meet Simpson in Europe and secure formal recognition by Great Britain and France. He was instrumental in arranging conferences between Hawaiian representatives and the British Foreign Office which resulted in a British
1383:
Simpson was appointed
Governor of the Southern Department of Rupert's Land on 29 March 1821 but swapped offices with Governor William Williams of the Northern Department in October 1821. Williams was recalled on 26 February 1826, and Simpson was given authority over both departments. Theoretically,
1329:
Simpson sired at least eleven children by at least seven women, only one of whom was his wife. While in London he produced two daughters by two unknown women. When he left for Canada they were sent to
Scotland to be cared for by his relatives. The eldest, Mary Louisa Simpson, was given a ÂŁ500 dowry
589:
to the Red River settlements, and then by boat to York
Factory. During this trip his servant, Tom Taylor, became separated on a hunting trip. After searching for half a day, Simpson left Taylor to his fate. Taylor reached the Swan River post after 14 days in the wilderness with no proper equipment.
1343:
James Keith
Simpson (1823–1901) is poorly documented. Ann Simpson, born in Montreal in 1828, is known only from her baptismal record. Simpson fathered two sons, George Stewart (1827) and John Mackenzie (1829), with Margaret (Marguerite) Taylor. George married Isabella Yale (1840–1927), daughter of
631:
In May 1833, he suffered a mild stroke. He and his wife returned to
Scotland, where she remained for the next five years and gave birth to a baby girl. In the spring of 1834, he returned to Canada and attended the Southern Council at Moose Factory in May and the Northern Council at York Factory in
460:
for the first meeting of the merged companies. There he learned that he had been made governor of the
Northern—that is, western—Department and Williams had been made his equal in the Southern Department south of Hudson Bay. In December 1821, the HBC monopoly was extended to the Pacific coast.
1788:
1160:
where nearly 3/4 of all the wealth in Canada was held by its inhabitants. During that era, most
Canadian enterprises were either owned or controlled by approximately fifty men. As the most important man in the
846:
on behalf of Queen
Victoria, assured the Hawaiian delegation that: "Her Majesty's Government was willing and had determined to recognize the independence of the Sandwich Islands under their present sovereign."
601:
to inspect his new domain, and back to Montreal. In May 1828, he started his second trip to the Pacific along with his dog, mistress and personal piper, going first to York Factory and then using the
1744:
1576:À la découverte de l'ensemble conventuel des Soeurs de Sainte-Anne à Lachine, un lieu de tradition éducative / recherche et rédaction, Marie-Claude Ravary et quatre autres, p. 4-5
1414:À la découverte de l'ensemble conventuel des Soeurs de Sainte-Anne à Lachine, un lieu de tradition éducative / recherche et rédaction, Marie-Claude Ravary et quatre autres, p. 4-5
651:. The Russians recognized the HBC posts and the HBC agreed to supply the Russian posts. He then went to Montreal, Red River, Moose Factory, the Saint Lawrence posts, and down the
829:, while Haʻalilio and Richards departed for the United States, via Mexico, on 8 July. The Hawaiian delegation, while in the United States, secured the assurance of President
1340:
Betsy Sinclair. Betsy Sinclair was soon passed to an accountant whom he promoted. The daughter married an English botanist and died in a canoe accident on her honeymoon.
2312:
376:
In 1808, he was sent to London to work in the sugar brokerage business run by his uncle, Geddes Mackenzie Simpson (1775–1848). When his uncle's firm merged with that of
1290:, and was living during his lifetime. It was one of the passions of his life, collecting writing relating to his hero, covering his walls with Napoleonic prints at
230:
2327:
1908:
472:. By July 1822, he was back at York Factory for the second meeting of the Northern Council, the first that he chaired. After the meeting he went by water to
1734:
The Charter and By-laws of the City of Montreal : Together with Miscellaneous Acts of the Legislature Relating to the City : with an Appendix
1041:. In 1855, he was in Washington, D.C., and discussed Oregon affairs, and in 1857, defended the HBC monopoly in London. In May 1860, he went by rail to
910:
2072:
Raffan, James, "Emperor of the North: Sir George Simpson and the Remarkable Story of the Hudson's Bay Company", 2007, which this article summarizes
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This 5,000-mile (8,000 km) trip remains the longest North American canoe journey ever made in one season. He returned via Athabasca Pass to
248:
791:, went by horse and later carriage to Saint Petersburg and reached London by ship at the end of October. This trip was documented in his book,
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350:
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In 1825, he returned to Britain and learned that William Williams had retired, thereby adding the eastern area to his domain. Returning to
1954:
Emperor Of The North: Sir George Simpson and the Remarkable Story of the Hudson's Bay Company, by James Raffan, Phyllis Bruce Books, 2010
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He began investing in banks, railroads, ships, mines and canals. He became a board director and shareholder of Canada’s first bank, the
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1733:
620:, for the annual meeting, York Factory, and Red River. Here his wife gave birth to his first legitimate child, who soon died. In 1832,
1367:. Simpson shocked his peers by neglecting to notify Margaret of his marriage or make any arrangements for the future of his two sons.
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and Montreal and immediately went south to New York and took ship to Liverpool. After a brief courtship he married his first cousin,
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After the meeting he returned downstream to take up his duties at York Factory. In December 1821, he set out on snowshoes for
298:. He was noted for his grasp of administrative detail and his physical stamina in traveling through the wilderness. Excepting
980:
882:
330:
309:
Simpson was also the first person known to have "circumnavigated" the world by land, and became the most powerful man of the
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in Simpson's title meant that if Williams had been arrested, Simpson would take his place. In 1820, he joined the prominent
2302:
1491:
906:
692:
2019:
1994:
1711:
941:
385:
353:, he was raised by two aunts and his paternal grandmother, Isobel Simpson (1731–1821), daughter of George Mackenzie, 2nd
2151:
Peter C. Newman (2010). Mavericks: Canadian Rebels, Renegades and Antiheroes. HarperCollins Publishers, pp. 45–78;
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945:
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2118:
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1974:
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707:, a sign of what would soon destroy his fur trade empire. Instead of taking the usual route, he went to what is now
1014:, they founded the Transmundane Telegraph Company, but the venture later failed. In the spring of 1845, he went to
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20:
1133:. It was then occupied by Rosemount House, which was built on the land of Governor Simpson and was the home of
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across from the depot from which the fur brigades started west. He also owned other estates such as a Manor in
370:
280:, an enormous territory of 3.9 millions square kilometres corresponding to nearly forty per cent of modern-day
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during the period of its greatest power. From 1820 to 1860, he was in practice, if not in law, the British
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A street was named in his honor, called Simpson Street, next to Parc Percy-Walters, McGregor Street, and
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on her marriage and moved to Canada. She has at least 111 descendants. The other daughter died early.
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558:. This 80-day journey was 20 days faster than the previous record. He moved the headquarters of the
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Sir George Simpson: overseas governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, a pen picture of a man of action
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581:. He had ordered this new road laid out on his outward voyage. It was a major saving over the old
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both departments remained separate until Simpson was appointed Governor-in-Chief on 13 June 1839.
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Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Smith, Donald Alexander, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal
1201:
1138:
1129:. The park was previously occupied by one of his houses, and was part of his 15 acre estate on
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613:
288:
189:
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Vieux Manoirs, Vieilles Maisons, Commission des Monuments Historiques de la Province de Quebec
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Vieux Manoirs, Vieilles Maisons, Commission des Monuments Historiques de la Province de Quebec
1471:
Vieux Manoirs, Vieilles Maisons, Commission des Monuments Historiques de la Province de Quebec
252:
2257:
2128:
1909:
Emperor of the North: Sir George Simpson and the Remarkable Story of the Hudson’s Bay Company
1236:
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644:
617:
2006:
1897:
1447:
An Overland Journey round the World during the years 1841 and 1842, SIR GEORGE SIMPSON, 1847
695:, who left to hunt on the prairie and later published a journal. Travelling on horseback to
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1756:
Report of the Secretary of States, Transmitting a Statement of ... the Commercial Relations
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2007:"Biography – YALE, JAMES MURRAY – Volume X (1871-1880) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
8:
1353:
1314:
1045:; decided that his health would not bear the trip to Red River; and returned to Lachine.
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448:. Since Williams had not been arrested he was William's subordinate and was sent west to
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from the fur trade, and the two met in New York, but a binding agreement never ensued.
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1157:
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559:
111:
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2161:
Lahey, D. T. (2011). George Simpson: Blaze of Glory. Publishers: Dundurn Press Ltd;
1975:
The Life of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., G.C.V.0, Volume 1, page 62-63
1964:
The Life of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., G.C.V.0, Volume 1, page 62-63
1620:
The Life of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., G.C.V.0, Volume 1, page 92-93
1018:, to discuss the Oregon boundary with the Americans, which he had already done with
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925:, and other leading members of Montreal's society would attend Simpson's banquets.
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Hall, Michael (2009). The Victorian Country House. London, UK: Aurum Press, p. 26
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Montreal, Fodor's, Patricia Harris, David Lyon Fodor's Travel Publications, 2004
1799:
834:
commitment to recognize the independence of the islands. On 17 March 1843, King
1865:"Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1270 to Present"
1642:
Manitoba History: The Quality of Friendship: Andrew McDermot and George Simpson
1494:, Wayne State University, University Press, Great Lakes Books, Detroit, p. 240.
1461:, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, National Park Service, August 14, 2020
1446:
1349:
1211:. Rupert's Land territory was Canada's largest land acquisition to form modern
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on 8 April 1842. Simpson, shortly thereafter, left for England, via Alaska and
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statesman and general. He sailed to the HBC post in Hawaii (then known as the
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1923:, The Canadian Encyclopedia, Rupert’s Land in the Age of Enlightenment, 2017
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1141:. Galt House was also built on Simpson Street by Canadian Founding Father
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to New York, where he took ship to England. Simpson received the title of
616:, in February 1830, and returned with his new wife to New York, Montreal,
1337:
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1110:
1079:
in his honour. The building, made of a limestone facade in the Classical
788:
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would be extended to the Pacific and considering the difficulties of the
569:
He left in March 1825, and crossed the snow-covered Athabasca Pass. From
566:, guessing that the south side of the river might fall to the Americans.
445:
418:
268:– 7 September 1860) was a Scottish explorer and colonial governor of the
1933:
The Life of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., G.C.V.0, Volume 1
1083:, consisted of a row of nine luxurious houses, and was inhabited by Sir
1299:
1064:
890:
830:
784:
775:) in February 1842, and back to Sitka, where he took a Russian ship to
768:
742:, who had done much to develop the Columbia district. Simpson took the
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485:
441:
437:
342:
147:
1173:'s building cost. Simpson also gave money to the general endowment of
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299:
1832:
Margaret W. Westley, Remembrance of Grandeur, Libre Expression, 1990
287:
His efficient administration of the west was a precondition for the
1507:
An overland journey round the world: during the years 1841 and 1842
1449:, The Private Collection of William S. Reese: Part Two, Christie's.
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1224:
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143:
1352:. George was also the brother-in-law of Eliza Yale, wife of Capt.
1363:
Soon after the birth of John Mackenzie, Simpson left Margaret to
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780:
776:
663:, giving him the non-hereditary title of Sir on 25 January 1841.
273:
2134:
The little emperor: Governor Simpson of the Hudson's Bay company
1192:, was of the view that Simpson should be counted among Canada’s
306:, few men have spent as much time travelling in the wilderness.
247:
Manoir Simpson, built in 1834 in Lachine, Montreal, next to the
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1207:
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625:
325:
Sir George Simpson's Manor in Coteau-du-lac, later sold to the
294:
281:
2082:
Journal of Occurrences in the Athabasca Department, 1820–1821.
1842:
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, George Stewart Simpson
1789:
David Culver was a devoted CEO who fought to preserve history
1653:
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, George Stewart Simpson
1357:
1100:
354:
2020:
Simpson, George Stewart (Junior) (1827–1894) (fl. 1841-1862)
1995:
Simpson, George Stewart (Junior) (1827–1894) (fl. 1841-1862)
1492:
John Jacob Astor: Business and Finance in the Early Republic
1152:
Both Simpson Street and Prince of Wales Terrace were in the
1668:
1322:, acquired during the 19th century, where he received the
734:, he proposed to move the HBC headquarters to what is now
384:, as Colvile was a company director and brother-in-law of
2037:
585:
route. He went 500 miles (800 km) on horseback from
503:
407:
This was at the time of conflict between the HBC and the
73:
29 March 1821 – 7 September 1860
2084:
E. E. Rich, ed. Toronto: Champlain Society Publications.
2032:
Many Tender Ties: Women in Fur-Trade Society, 1670–1870
1259:. In newspapers and books, he has been referred as the
869:
By then, Simpson and his wife had a large house on the
1565:
A Royal Visit: The Prince of Wales in Montreal in 1860
1853:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Simpson, Sir George
1811:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Simpson, Sir George
1723:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Simpson, Sir George
1701:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Simpson, Sir George
1631:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Simpson, Sir George
1543:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Simpson, Sir George
1532:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Simpson, Sir George
1521:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Simpson, Sir George
1425:
Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Simpson, Sir George
748:
north along the Pacific coast to the Russian post at
573:
he went on horseback 80 miles (130 km) south to
2106:
2049:
1145:. The entrance of Simpson Street is now occupied by
1026:
established the current border. His wife contracted
959:
His business partners included Canada's richest man
703:'s wagon train of over 100 settlers heading for the
1318:Sir George Simpson's residence on his island named
1302:, and infecting the factors and fur traders of the
683:He left London in March 1841, and went by canoe to
2313:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
2195:
2034:. University of Oklahoma Press, 1983. pp. 186–187.
838:recognized Hawaiian independence at the urging of
691:). On this part of the trip he was accompanied by
2127:
424:He went by ship to New York, by boat and cart to
2249:
2092:. Prentice Hall Ginn Canada. pp. 148–149.
636:, and arrived back in England in October 1835.
2328:Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
1712:1860, Bank of Montreal, Annual General Meeting
624:approached Gov. Simpson for talks to restrain
1745:Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Young, John
1067:at Lachine, who came for the inauguration of
809:During his visit to Hawaii, he met with King
738:, a suggestion that earned him the enmity of
369:. Simpson's father was a first cousin of Sir
380:in 1812, Simpson came into contact with the
16:Scottish colonial administrator and explorer
1095:. It was later demolished to make room for
1052:Rosemount House, McGregor Street, built by
412:
289:confederation of western and eastern Canada
2231:
1033:In 1854, he was able to travel by rail to
500:and after the thaw, back to York Factory.
41:
889:where he received and entertained Prince
19:For other people with similar names, see
2181:. Vol. 1. Ottawa: Printing Bureau.
1313:
1109:
1047:
1037:before he boarded his voyageur canoe at
854:
752:, and then another boat as far south as
670:
502:
395:
320:
242:
1503:
518:for the Pacific, taking the unorthodox
2250:
2193:
2171:
2087:
2055:
2043:
1898:Subscriptions to the General Endowment
813:and his advisers. Simpson, along with
550:, reaching its mouth on November 8 at
542:. He crossed the pass on horseback to
363:George Mackenzie, 2nd Earl of Seaforth
1196:for his role as Governor-in-chief of
1114:Galt House, Simpson Street, built by
1107:as an unforgivable act of vandalism.
711:, made the first recorded passage of
159:
2318:19th-century Canadian businesspeople
1778:Prince of Wales Terrace (demolished)
1767:Prince of Wales Terrace (demolished)
907:Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
693:James Alexander, 3rd Earl of Caledon
2333:Scottish explorers of North America
1333:In 1817, he produced a daughter by
1063:In August 1860, he entertained the
1056:on the land of Gov. Simpson in the
942:Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad
793:An overland journey round the world
666:
510:, Hudson's Bay Company trading post
386:Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk
13:
1665:"BMO : Celebrating 205 Years"
1510:. Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard.
1377:
946:St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad
897:. The Manor's estate included the
639:In the summer of 1838, he went to
61:Governor-in-Chief of Rupert's Land
14:
2349:
2323:Pre-Confederation Manitoba people
2218:
1690:The Provincial Statutes of Canada
779:in June. He went on horseback to
2239:Works by or about George Simpson
954:Montreal Ocean Steamship Company
905:and Lt. Col. W. A. Grant of the
901:, and was later sold to Senator
229:
2293:Burials at Mount Royal Cemetery
2024:
2013:
1999:
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1800:Imtl.org, Rue Simpson, Montreal
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1436:Canada's history, Rupert's Land
1286:Simpson also had a passion for
1099:'s pavilion, which was seen by
862:, built by Gov. Simpson in the
2107:Arthur Silver Morton (2008) .
2076:Hudson's Bay Company Biography
1475:
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1452:
1440:
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1418:
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1398:
1118:on the land of Simpson in the
895:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
756:, stopping at the HBC post of
1:
2202:. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press.
1598:RCAA-Annual-Report-1949, p. 7
1391:
1085:William Christopher Macdonald
938:Montreal and Lachine Railroad
934:Bank of British North America
850:
787:by horse-drawn boat, visited
715:in August, and went down the
632:June, inspected posts on the
316:
262:
136:
1127:Maison John-Wilson-McConnell
403:, Montreal, mid 19th century
367:Duncan Forbes, Lord Culloden
365:—and Elizabeth, daughter of
7:
2303:People from Lachine, Quebec
2278:Hudson's Bay Company people
2194:Taplin, G. W., ed. (1970).
2090:Horizons: Canada Moves West
1490:Haeger, John Denis (1991).
1360:Julianus Petrus de Linnée.
1309:
821:were commissioned as joint
10:
2354:
2065:
1143:Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt
1135:Sir John Rose, 1st Baronet
1116:Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt
1071:, in honour of his mother
1030:in 1846 and died in 1853.
836:Louis Philippe I of France
802:
736:Victoria, British Columbia
304:their Siberian equivalents
291:, which later created the
18:
2308:People from Rupert's Land
1919:McIntosh, Andrew (2006),
903:Lawrence Alexander Wilson
840:King Leopold I of Belgium
823:Ministers Plenipotentiary
798:
699:, Simpson caught up with
391:
378:Andrew Colvile-Wedderburn
237:
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88:
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59:
55:
47:Simpson in a portrait by
40:
30:
2113:. Kessinger Publishing.
2088:Cranny, Michael (1999).
2080:Simpson, George. (1938)
1504:Simpson, George (1847).
1370:
1188:James Raffan, author of
1163:North American fur trade
1147:Sir George Simpson Tower
885:, and another estate in
713:the pass named after him
649:Russian-American Company
643:to negotiate with Baron
579:North Saskatchewan River
526:route, and ascended the
514:In August 1824, he left
488:. He then went south to
476:and then by dog sled to
311:North American fur trade
2225:Works by George Simpson
2178:The Canadian North-West
2137:. Macmillan of Canada.
1215:, and included land in
1077:Prince of Wales Terrace
1008:Sir Antoine-Aimé Dorion
969:Sir Alexander Mackenzie
860:Prince of Wales Terrace
251:, later became part of
1459:George Stewart Simpson
1326:
1165:, he was one of them.
1139:William Watson Ogilvie
1122:
1060:
866:
680:
614:Frances Ramsay Simpson
511:
413:
404:
334:
255:
190:Frances Ramsay Simpson
1317:
1269:Emperor of the Plains
1261:King of the Fur-trade
1237:Northwest Territories
1156:, a neighbourhood of
1113:
1051:
1043:Saint Paul, Minnesota
858:
763:At some point he met
674:
645:Ferdinand von Wrangel
618:Michipicoten, Ontario
506:
440:. He met Williams at
399:
324:
313:during his lifetime.
246:
2298:People from Dingwall
2273:Canadian fur traders
1304:Hudson's Bay Company
1265:Emperor of the North
1204:in 1867 to form the
1190:Emperor of the North
1177:in 1856, along with
932:, as well as of the
877:that he sold to the
728:49th parallel border
679:- Winnipeg, Manitoba
538:at the east side of
382:Hudson's Bay Company
351:Writer to the Signet
270:Hudson's Bay Company
180:Mount Royal Cemetery
117:Hudson's Bay Company
2288:Lower Canada people
2198:Canadian Chronology
2046:, pp. 283–287.
1985:Raffan 2007, p.432.
1671:on 17 February 2023
1481:Raffan 2007, p.243.
1354:Henry Newsham Peers
950:Grand Trunk Railway
554:, previously named
474:Lac ĂŽle-Ă -la-Crosse
371:Alexander Mackenzie
349:of George Simpson,
345:, Scotland, as the
253:Collège Sainte-Anne
2030:Van Kirk, Sylvia.
1869:MeasuringWorth.com
1404:Raffan 2007, p.26.
1327:
1277:Birch-bark Emperor
1273:Emperor of Lachine
1154:Golden Square Mile
1123:
1120:Golden Square Mile
1061:
1058:Golden Square Mile
923:Sir Francis Hincks
867:
864:Golden Square Mile
842:, and on 1 April,
805:Maritime fur trade
726:Guessing that the
681:
546:and then down the
512:
430:by the usual route
409:North West Company
405:
373:'s father-in-law.
335:
259:Sir George Simpson
256:
170:Province of Canada
2129:John S. Galbraith
1346:James Murray Yale
1175:McGill University
1158:Downtown Montreal
1089:Mcgill University
883:Adélaïde de Gaspé
815:Timoteo Haʻalilio
687:(now the site of
560:Columbia District
276:for the whole of
241:
240:
105:William MacTavish
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2283:Knights Bachelor
2243:Internet Archive
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1194:founding fathers
1185:, among others.
1093:William Peterson
1075:. Simpson built
1039:Sault Ste. Marie
1016:Washington, D.C.
977:Luther H. Holton
930:Bank of Montreal
879:Comte de Beaujeu
819:William Richards
773:Sandwich Islands
667:Circumnavigation
641:Saint Petersburg
622:John Jacob Astor
571:Fort Assiniboine
532:Athabasca Rivers
470:Red River Colony
466:Cumberland House
416:
347:illegitimate son
327:Comte de Beaujeu
267:
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127:Personal details
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94:William Williams
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1324:Prince of Wales
1312:
1171:Harlaxton Manor
1097:Samuel Bronfman
1069:Victoria Bridge
1065:Prince of Wales
1022:. In 1846, the
1020:Sir Robert Peel
981:George Crawford
915:Knebworth House
899:Fur Trade Depot
853:
807:
801:
765:Mariano Vallejo
740:John McLoughlin
669:
657:Knight Bachelor
544:Boat Encampment
528:Churchill River
524:Burntwood River
482:Fort Resolution
450:Fort Wedderburn
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219:Knight Bachelor
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2219:External links
2217:
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2191:
2175:, ed. (1914).
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2157:9781-554684205
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1356:, grandson of
1311:
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1281:Little Emperor
1073:Queen Victoria
1002:With Governor
997:William Molson
991:, and bankers
973:David Torrance
961:Sir Hugh Allan
852:
849:
811:Kamehameha III
800:
797:
721:Fort Vancouver
717:Kootenay River
709:Banff, Alberta
705:Oregon country
701:James Sinclair
668:
665:
661:Queen Victoria
634:Saint Lawrence
583:Methye Portage
564:Fort Vancouver
548:Columbia River
540:Athabasca Pass
478:Fort Chipewyan
454:Lake Athabaska
393:
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318:
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208:Thomas Simpson
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162:(aged 68)
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1921:Rupert's Land
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1198:Rupert's Land
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1183:Peter Redpath
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1091:'s Principal
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1054:Sir John Rose
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1024:Oregon Treaty
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490:Fort Dunvegan
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468:and then the
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401:Lachine Canal
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361:—grandson of
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278:Rupert's Land
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176:Resting place
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2258:1790s births
2229:Open Library
2197:
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2026:
2015:
2001:
1990:
1981:
1970:
1959:
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1939:
1928:
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1893:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:
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1837:
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1806:
1795:
1784:
1773:
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1696:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1669:the original
1659:
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1320:L'ĂŽle-Dorval
1296:Norway House
1285:
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1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:South Dakota
1229:Saskatchewan
1206:Dominion of
1205:
1189:
1187:
1179:Peter McGill
1167:
1151:
1137:, and later
1124:
1105:David Culver
1062:
1032:
1028:tuberculosis
1001:
989:John Redpath
971:, President
958:
927:
911:Donald Smith
868:
808:
792:
762:
744:
732:Columbia Bar
725:
682:
638:
630:
607:
592:
587:Fort Carlton
568:
556:Fort Astoria
536:Jasper House
516:York Factory
513:
508:York Factory
463:
458:Norway House
434:York Factory
423:
414:locum tenens
406:
375:
336:
308:
293:Dominion of
292:
286:
258:
257:
100:Succeeded by
68:
25:
2268:Yale family
2263:1860 deaths
2056:Taplin 1970
2044:Oliver 1914
1874:17 February
1675:22 February
1350:Yale family
1344:fur trader
1338:washerwoman
1306:with them.
1131:Mount Royal
1081:Greek style
993:John Molson
985:Thomas Ryan
975:, minister
789:Lake Baikal
758:Yerba Buena
603:Peace River
552:Fort George
494:Peace River
446:Hayes River
419:Beaver Club
266: 1792
140: 1792
90:Preceded by
2252:Categories
1392:References
1300:Fort Garry
1279:, and the
1012:John Young
983:, Senator
979:, Senator
952:, and the
921:of Canada
919:Co-Premier
891:Edward VII
851:Later life
831:John Tyler
803:See also:
785:Lena River
769:Californio
685:Fort Garry
677:Fort Garry
486:Tıdeè Lake
442:Rock Depot
438:Hudson Bay
343:Ross-Shire
317:Early life
150:, Scotland
148:Ross-shire
81:1860-09-07
77:1821-03-29
2187:212627069
1348:, of the
1335:half-Cree
1249:Minnesota
987:, banker
893:, of the
783:, up the
599:James Bay
496:and then
428:and left
329:and Mrs.
300:voyageurs
226:Signature
204:Relatives
69:In office
2131:(1976).
1310:Children
1288:Napoleon
1225:Manitoba
1004:Drummond
689:Winnipeg
595:Montreal
426:Montreal
359:Gruinard
339:Dingwall
337:Born at
331:De Gaspé
210:(nephew)
196:Children
144:Dingwall
79: –
2241:at the
2066:Sources
1245:Montana
1241:Nunavut
1233:Alberta
1221:Ontario
1035:Chicago
909:. Lord
827:Siberia
781:Yakutsk
777:Okhotsk
647:of the
605:route.
577:on the
492:on the
484:on the
444:on the
274:viceroy
166:Lachine
112:Charter
75: (
2206:
2185:
2165:
2155:
2141:
2117:
2096:
1275:, the
1271:, the
1267:, the
1263:, the
1251:, and
1235:, the
1217:Quebec
1213:Canada
1208:Canada
1202:merger
1010:, and
948:, the
944:, the
940:, the
936:, the
887:Dorval
799:Hawaii
745:Beaver
653:Hudson
626:liquor
520:Nelson
392:Career
295:Canada
282:Canada
221:(1841)
215:Awards
186:Spouse
1371:Notes
1358:Count
1253:North
1101:Alcan
750:Sitka
659:from
355:Laird
2204:ISBN
2183:OCLC
2163:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2139:ISBN
2115:ISBN
2094:ISBN
1876:2023
1677:2023
1298:and
1255:and
1181:and
1103:CEO
1087:and
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675:Old
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132:Born
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