German battleship Scharnhorst

2107: 1533: 1834: 1284: 33: 2309:, while the other was deflected by the torpedo bulkhead and penetrated the hull beneath the side belt armor. The third 454 kg bomb hit aft of the rear 28 cm turret, about 3 m (9.8 ft) from the side of the ship. It too failed to detonate, and passed through the side of the hull, which was not protected by the main armor belt. These three hits caused significant flooding and an 8 degree list to starboard. The forward and rear gun turrets (Anton and Caesar) were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery. Two men were killed and fifteen were injured in the attack. Damage-control teams managed to correct the list with counter-flooding, and although draft increased by 1 m (3.3 ft), 53: 962:, which revealed a dangerous tendency to ship considerable amounts of water in heavy seas. This caused flooding in the bow and damaged electrical systems in the forward (Anton) gun turret. As a result, she went back to the dockyard for extensive modification of the bow. The original straight stem was replaced with a raised "Atlantic bow." A raked funnel cap was also installed during the reconstruction, along with an enlarged aircraft hangar; the main mast was also moved further aft. The modifications were completed by November 1939, by which time the ship was finally fully operational. 2882: 2277: 2508:

caused serious damage; turret Bruno was jammed, as were the twin and single 15 cm mounts on the port side. The blast also damaged the fuel oil pumps and the bearings in the turbo-generators, which brought the ship to a halt. The power outage disabled the emergency shut-off switches to the boilers and turbines, which could not be turned off until power was restored. The explosion tore a large gash in the side of the hull and allowed 1,220 t (1,200 long tons; 1,340 short tons) of water into the ship, flooding 30 watertight spaces within five main

3097: 3256: 3156:

Bruno's magazine. The ship was now fighting with only two-thirds of her main battery. Shortly thereafter, another 14 in shell struck the ventilation trunk attached to Bruno, which caused the turret to be flooded with noxious propellant gases every time the breeches were opened. A third shell hit the deck next to turret Caesar and caused some flooding; shell splinters caused significant casualties. At 17:30, shells struck the forward 15 cm gun turrets and destroyed them both.

5842: 5825: 5837: 5817: 2572:

flooded ten watertight spaces in four main compartments. Only the centerline shaft was operational, which permitted a speed of only 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Partial power was eventually restored to the starboard turbine, which allowed speed to be increased to 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph). The shock damaged the rotating parts of all of the ship's gun turrets, and three of the 15 cm turrets were seriously jammed. By 08:00,

2832:, it became increasingly important to interrupt the flow of supplies from the Western Allies to the Soviet Union. By December 1943, the German Army was forced into continuous retreat. The Luftwaffe had been seriously weakened by four long years of war, and increasing Allied anti-submarine capabilities were steadily degrading the effectiveness of the U-boats. The only effective weapon at the disposal of the Germans in Norway was 636: 2522: 3312:. The ship sank in approximately 290 m (950 ft) of water. The hull lies upside down on the seabed, with debris, including the main mast and rangefinders, scattered around the wreck. Extensive damage from shellfire and torpedoes is evident; the bow was blown off, presumably from a magazine explosion in the forward turrets, and lies in a tangled mass of steel some distance from the rest of the hull. 2545:. The engine room crews managed to restart the first turbine at 15:49, nearly twenty minutes after the mine explosion. The second and third turbines were restarted at 15:55 and 16:01, respectively, which permitted a speed of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph). At around the time the last turbine was restarted, a single bomber dropped several bombs approximately 90 m (98 yd) off 868: 2878:

45 minutes of full daylight and six hours of twilight, which significantly limited Bey's operational freedom. The Germans were concerned with developments in Allied radar-directed fire control, which allowed British battleships to fire with great accuracy in the darkness; German radar capabilities lagged behind those of their opponents.

3155:

abreast of her forward (Anton) gun turret. The shell hit jammed the turret's training gears, putting it out of action. Shell splinters started a fire in the ammunition magazine, which forced the Germans to flood both forward magazines to prevent an explosion. The water was quickly drained from turret

2720:

in the Arctic Ocean. On the 8th, a serious internal explosion occurred in the aft auxiliary machinery space above the armor deck. The explosion killed or injured 34 men and prompted the crew to flood the magazines for turret Caesar as a precaution against a magazine explosion. A repair ship completed

2571:

The ship struck another mine off Terschelling on the starboard side at 22:34. The mine briefly knocked out the power system and temporarily disabled the rudders. Two of the three turbines were jammed, and the third had to be turned off. Another 300 t (300 long tons; 330 short tons) tons of water

2364:

On 10 November Bomber Command was forced to pause its campaign against German industry because of high losses and lack of success. As a result the attacks against the ships in Brest resumed. Between 19 August and 11 February 36 attacks were mounted, most of these were surprise attacks by small groups

1421:

on 10 April at 12:00 with the instruction to fly in the direction of Norway and to signal there the intentions of Lütjens to break through to Germany in the night of 11 April. The plane was launched at extreme range and could barely reach the outer islands on the Norwegian coast where it managed to

789:

and propulsion machinery spaces. The ship had an armored deck that was 20 to 40 mm (0.79 to 1.57 in) thick on the flat portion, increasing to 105 mm (4.1 in) on downward-sloping sides that connected to the bottom of the belt. Her main battery turrets had 360 mm (14 in)

2635:

earlier in the year. Boiler and turbine troubles kept the ship in Germany for the remainder of 1942. By December, only two of the three shafts were operational and a complete overhaul of the propulsion system was required. In early January 1943, the ship was back in service, and after trials, left

2315:

was able to leave for Brest at 19:30. On the morning of 25 July, one of the escorting destroyers shot down a British patrol plane. The ship reached Brest later that day and went into dry dock for repairs, which took four months. While the damage was being repaired, a new radar system was installed

2267:

at her moorings. They scored five hits in an almost straight line on the starboard side, parallel to the centerline. Three of the bombs were 454 kg (1,001 lb) armor-piercing bombs, and the other two were 227 kg (500 lb) high-explosive bombs. One of the 227 kg bombs hit the

1645:

s forward superfiring turret with her 4.7-inch QF guns, which did negligible damage. The torpedo hit caused serious damage; it tore a hole 14 by 6 m (15.3 by 6.6 yd) and allowed 2,500 t (2,500 long tons; 2,800 short tons) of water into the ship. The rear (Caesar) turret was disabled

1216:

and four destroyers, and by the invasion force for Narvik, consisting of ten destroyers. Between 14:25 and 14:48 on 7 April, the ships were unsuccessfully attacked West of the Skagerrak by twelve bombers. By evening the weather had deteriorated and several destroyers could not keep up the high (27

3246:

settled further into the water and began to list to starboard. At 19:45, the ship went down by the bow, with her propellers still slowly turning. British ships began searching for survivors, but were soon ordered away after just a few were pulled out of the water even though voices could still be

2507:

did not make the voyage unscathed, however; at 15:31 she struck an air-dropped magnetic mine in the mouth of the Scheldt, abreast of the forward superfiring turret (Bruno). The blast damaged the ship's circuit breakers and knocked out her electrical system for 20 minutes. The explosive shock

3159:

At around 18:00, another 14 in shell struck the ship on the starboard side, passed through the thin upper belt armor, and exploded in the number 1 boiler room. It caused significant damage to the ship's propulsion system and slowed the ship to 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). Temporary

3220:

launched a total of eight torpedoes at 18:50, four of which hit. One torpedo exploded abreast of turret Bruno, which caused it to jam. The second torpedo hit the ship on the port side and caused some minor flooding, and the third struck toward the rear of the ship and damaged the port propeller

2755:

destroyed a battery of two 76 mm (3.0 in) guns and shelled fuel tanks, coal mines, harbour facilities, and military installations. Of particular importance was the weather station that was transmitting weather information to the Allies, which was used to schedule convoys to the Soviet

3035:

fired a salvo from turret Caesar before turning and increasing speed to disengage from the cruisers. The battleship was hit twice by 20.3 cm (8 in) shells; the first failed to explode and caused negligible damage, but the second struck the forward rangefinders and destroyed the radar

2455:

left Brest. They entered the Channel an hour later; the three ships sped at 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph), hugging the French coast along the voyage. The British failed to detect their departure, as the submarine that had been tasked with observing the port had withdrawn to recharge its

2272:

were weakened enough to cause leaking. The second 227 kg bomb fell forward of the rear main battery turret and penetrated the first two decks. It also exploded on the armored deck and tore a small hole in it. The explosion caused splinter damage and disabled the ammunition hoists for the

1410:

had reached a point north-west of Lofoten, Norway, by 12:00 on 9 April. The two ships then turned west for 24 hours while temporary repairs were effected. After a day of steaming west, the ships turned south. Since broadcasting radio messages would betray the position of the ships to the

2877:

into action. In his instructions to Bey, Dönitz advised him to break off the engagement if presented with superior forces, but to remain aggressive. Bey planned to attack the convoy at 10:00 on 26 December if the conditions were favorable for the attack. At this time of year, there was only

2640:

and five destroyers. Reports of heavy activity in British airfields near the coast prompted the force to return to port, however. Another attempt to reach Norway was canceled under similar circumstances. On 8 March, however, poor weather grounded the British bombers, and so

2556:

s port side, which caused no damage. Once the ship was back under way, twelve Beauforts launched a 10-minute attack that was beaten off by anti-aircraft fire and the escorting Luftwaffe fighters. The British carried out a series of attacks that were all unsuccessful;

2866:

On 22 December Dönitz ordered Bey to be ready to go to sea on a three-hour notice. Later that day, reconnaissance aircraft located a convoy of some 20 transports escorted by cruisers and destroyers approximately 400 nautical miles (740 kilometres; 460 miles) west of

2813:

carried out a two-hour full-power trial achieving 29.6 knots (54.8 km/h; 34.1 mph) and it was noted that her draught had increased by over 0.5 metres (1.6 ft) from her 1940 trials where she had attained 31.14 knots (57.67 km/h; 35.84 mph).

1442:

aircraft were ordered to attack the ships. The German warships were protected by poor visibility, however, and none of the bombers found the ships whilst losing nine of their number to German fighters. The three ships safely reached Wilhelmshaven at 22:00.

2599:

went to Kiel for permanent repairs. Work was conducted in a floating dry dock and lasted until July 1942. Afterward, another round of trials were conducted in the Baltic, which revealed the necessity of replacing several of the boiler tubes.

2146:

arrived in Brest, they were added as top priorities on the target list. Between 30 March and 7 July nineteen major raids took place on Brest. The Germans reacted by installing smoke generators which obscured the harbour with good effect.

1395:

s forward (Anton) turret was put out of action by severe flooding. Mechanical problems with her starboard turbines developed after running at full speed, which forced the ships to reduce speed to 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph).

1887:

could attack the convoy. Lütjens ordered Hoffmann to rejoin the flagship immediately. After being detected, the battleships steamed off to the north for a few days to refuel and then returned to the same shipping lanes but closer to

2304:

Two of the 454 kg bombs hit amidships between the 15 cm and 10.5 cm gun turrets; both failed to explode and instead penetrated the ship completely. The first went through each deck and exited the ship through the

1479:

and four destroyers. The purpose of the sortie was to interrupt Allied efforts to resupply the Norwegians and to relieve the pressure on German troops fighting in Norway. On 7 June, the squadron rendezvoused with the tanker

2268:

deck just forward of the starboard 15 cm twin turret next to the conning tower. It passed through the upper and middle decks before exploding on the main armored deck, which contained the blast. The joints with the

2930:

was some 40 nautical miles (74 kilometres; 46 miles) southwest of Bear Island when she made a turn that would put her in position to attack the convoy at 10:00. Admiral Burnett, commanding the three cruisers escorting

3231:

to close to 9,100 m (10,000 yd). With only turret Caesar operational, all available men were sent to retrieve ammunition from the forward turrets to keep the last heavy guns supplied. Fraser then ordered

3093:. Meanwhile, the five German destroyers continued searching for the convoy without success. At 13:15, Bey decided to return to base, and at 13:43, he dismissed the destroyers and instructed them to return to port. 2871:. The convoy was spotted again two days later, and it was determined that the course was definitively toward the Soviet Union. A U-boat reported the convoy's location at 09:00 on 25 December, and Dönitz ordered 2208:

heavy bombers was ordered but the aircraft achieved nothing and one was shot down by German fighters. The RAF had planned a large daylight raid on the capital ships in Brest on 24 July, but the departure of

1165:

for gunnery training. Heavy ice in the Baltic kept the ship there until February 1940 when she could return to Wilhelmshaven, arriving on 5 February. Between 18 February and 20 February, she participated in

2082:

had difficulties with the superheater tubes in her boilers. Replacement of the defective tubes was carried out by French naval dockyard workers – to a higher standard, according to

2072:. The German battleship used her high speed to escape in the darkness, but this intervention convinced Lütjens that the chances of further success were small. He therefore decided to head for 3183:

has ended in victory for us. I hope that any of you who are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, will command your ship as gallantly as the

702:(58.3 km/h; 36.2 mph) on speed trials. Her standard crew numbered 56 officers and 1,613 enlisted men, augmented during the war to 60 officers and 1,780 men. While serving as a 2756:

Union. The destroyers landed some 1,000 troops, which pushed the Norwegian garrison into the mountains, completing the mission without major loss. On 22 September, the British executed

1587:

scored a hit at a range of 25,600 m (28,000 yd; 15.9 mi). The shell struck the carrier's upper hangar and started a large fire. Less than ten minutes later, a shell from

2192:

for trials on the 21st, where she easily steamed at 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph). She did not return to Brest to avoid an undesirable concentration of heavy units in one port (

1774:, a planned raid into the Atlantic Ocean designed to wreak havoc on the Allied shipping lanes. The ships left Kiel on 28 December, but off Norway a severe storm caused damage to 1217:

knots, 50 km/h, 31 mph) speed and remained behind the main force. Heavy winds caused significant structural damage that evening, and flooding contaminated a portion of

1898:

ran into three independently sailing merchant ships from a recently dispersed convoy. The battleships abandoned their search for convoys and started to hunt independent ships;

1713:

in the second. Both were driven off by anti-aircraft fire and fighters. The Germans intercepted British radio traffic that indicated the Royal Navy was at sea, which prompted

1652:

to reduce speed to 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph). The ship's machinery was also significantly damaged by the flooding, and the starboard propeller shaft was destroyed.

2491:. The fighters flew at masthead-height to avoid detection by the British radar network. Liaison officers were present on all three ships. By 13:00, the ships had cleared the 1604:

with smoke screens, but the German battleships could track the carrier with their radar. By 18:26 the range had fallen to 24,100 m (26,400 yd; 15.0 mi), and

462:; she was laid down on 15 June 1935 and launched a year and four months later on 3 October 1936. Completed in January 1939, the ship was armed with a main battery of nine 2582:

but ice prevented the ship from entering Wilhelmshaven. While waiting outside the port, Admiral Ciliax returned to the ship. The ice had been cleared by noon, permitting

2776:, one was lost on its way to Norway and the other suffered mechanical problems and had to abort the attack. But even if the X-craft had managed to reach the moorings of 2175:

was seriously damaged by a bomb on 1 July. On 9 July the campaign by Bomber Command was halted as the tides had shifted in the battle of the Atlantic, and because of

3207:

was pulling away. Many of these hits had badly damaged the ship's secondary armament, which left her open to destroyer attacks, which Fraser ordered. The destroyers

2906:

was to conduct the attack alone if heavy seas interfered with the destroyers' ability to fight. Unbeknown to the Germans, the British were able to read the ciphered

2198:

had arrived there on 21 July) but moored alongside at La Pallice on 23 July where she was immediately discovered by aerial reconnaissance. Since the British feared

1699:, but only scored one hit, and the bomb failed to detonate. Preliminary repairs were completed by 20 June, which permitted the ship to return to Germany. While 742:

guns, eight of which were placed in two-gun turrets and the remaining four were carried in individual turrets. Her anti-aircraft armament consisted of fourteen

3293:, was used to scan the sea floor. After locating a large submerged object, the research team then used the Royal Norwegian Navy's underwater recovery vessel 2900:

and her five destroyers left port at around 19:00 and were in the open sea four hours later. At 03:19, Bey received instructions from the Fleet Command that

3044:

turned south and attempted to work around the cruisers, but the superior British radar prevented Bey from successfully carrying out the maneuver. By 12:00,

3012:

on her radar. Unaware that they had been detected, the Germans had turned off their radar to prevent the British from picking up on the signals. At 09:21,

2088:'s captain, than could be achieved at the time in the naval yards in Germany. Repair work lasted until July, which caused the ship to be unavailable during 5921: 3060:

detected the cruisers with her aft radar and opened fire with her main battery guns before turning away to disengage a second time. Shortly before 12:25,

1812:

deployed to block a breakout into the Atlantic. In the passage between Iceland and the Faroes, the Germans' radar detected the patrolling British cruiser

5318: 2621:, which caused damage that necessitated dry-docking for repairs. Work was completed by September, and the ship conducted further training in the Baltic. 734:

arrangement (Anton and Bruno), and one aft (Caesar). The design also enabled the ship to be up-gunned with six 15-inch guns, which never took place. Her

5427: 1146:

and Norway. The Germans reached Wilhelmshaven on 27 November, and on the trip both battleships incurred significant damage from heavy seas and winds.

2413:", codenamed Operation Cerberus, would avoid the increasingly effective Allied radar and patrol aircraft in the Atlantic. Vice Admiral Otto Ciliax, 999:

was stationed in the North Sea to intercept any sortie from the Home Fleet. The two battleships left Wilhelmshaven in company of the light cruisers

3083:

then turned again and increased speed, in the hopes of escaping the cruisers and finding the convoy. Burnett chose to keep his distance and shadow

1921:

Since some of the victims were able to alert the British, Lütjens then decided to move away from the North-Atlantic convoy lanes and move to the

1802:

went to Kiel for repairs. Repairs were quickly completed, and on 22 January 1941, the two ships, under the command of Admiral Günther Lütjens on

4954: 2844:

had been badly damaged, and the four remaining heavy cruisers were committed to the Baltic. During a conference with Hitler on 19–20 December,

5857: 1142:, Marschall retreated northwards and waited for bad weather in order to break through a British cruiser and destroyer patrol line between the 2106: 5916: 5901: 2921: 2046:

On 15 and 16 March, the two battleships, with the two tankers in company, encountered ships from a dispersed convoy in the mid-Atlantic.

2023:

closed to 24,000 m (26,000 yd), well within the range of the Germans' guns. He instead turned toward the mid-Atlantic, where

820:. His tenure as the ship's commander was brief; in September 1939, an illness forced him to go on sick leave, and he was replaced by 754:

anti-aircraft guns. The number of 2 cm guns was eventually increased to thirty-eight. Six 53.3 cm (21 in) above-water

2627:

steamed to Gotenhafen in late October for a new rudder, the design of which was based on the lessons learned from the torpedoing of

1691:; German fighters intercepted the attackers and shot eight of them down. The other seven made it past the air defenses and attacked 5926: 5502: 3290: 3166:

to return to 22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph). She managed to add 5,000 m (5,500 yd) to the distance between her and

2499:

escort, attacked the Germans. The British failed to penetrate the Luftwaffe fighter shield, and all six Swordfish were destroyed.

5311: 520:, the German invasion of Norway, from April to June 1940. During operations off Norway, the two ships engaged the battlecruiser 142: 5906: 5420: 1384:. Heavy seas and the high speed with which the pair of battleships escaped caused them to ship large amounts of water forward. 2409:

to Germany. The intention was to deploy the vessels to Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. The so-called "

5911: 5268: 5245: 5178: 5159: 5140: 5104: 5066: 5028: 4971: 4900: 4878: 4859: 4840: 2316:

aft, the power output for the forward radar was increased to 100 kW, and the 53.3 cm torpedo tubes were installed.

1669:

took place on 11 June. The Hudsons dropped thirty-six 227 lb (103 kg) armor-piercing bombs, which all missed. The

5486: 4938: 3301: 1314:

picked up a radar contact at 04:30, which prompted the crews of both vessels to go to combat stations. Half an hour later,

1229: 1646:

and 48 men were killed. The flooding caused a 5 degree list, increased the stern draft by almost a meter, and forced

5836: 5832: 5442: 1532: 1052: 914:

was awarded the contract, where the keel was laid on 16 July 1935. The ship was launched on 3 October 1936, witnessed by

834: 3077:

s gunnery radar. The second 28 cm round struck the ship's "X" (rear superfiring) barbette and disabled the turret.

5845: 5841: 5304: 4152: 3278: 2365:

of aircraft that tried to arrive before the smoke screen was generated. On 7 December the first attempt was made with

2339:

had been sunk on 27 May. All German capital ships deployed to the Atlantic were therefore out of action. In addition,

1833: 1665:

was waiting. The following day a reconnaissance plane from RAF Coastal Command spotted the ship, and a raid by twelve

1283: 488:, including sorties into the Atlantic to raid British merchant shipping. During her first operation in November 1939, 32: 5413: 5287: 5085: 5047: 5009: 4990: 4919: 4804: 4785: 4766: 4747: 4728: 1993:. Lütjens again forbade an attack, but he shadowed the convoy and directed the U-boats to attack the convoy and sink 5729: 3036:

antenna. The aft radar, which possessed only a limited forward arc, was the ship's only remaining radar capability.

2171:

raised the first doubts, for German naval planners, over the viability of Brest as a base for German capital ships.

1430:

joined in the morning of 12 April but her four destroyers had to stay back at Trondheim because of lack of fuel. A

990: 2721:

work on the vessel in two weeks. Fuel shortages prevented major operations for the next six months, during which

2159:

forced her to leave dock, and next day the battleship was torpedoed in her exposed position in the harbour. When

905: 453: 90: 3247:

heard calling for help from the darkness. Of the crew of 1,968 officers and enlisted men, only 36 men survived.

1661:

to put into Trondheim for temporary repairs. She reached port on the afternoon of 9 June, where the repair ship

5394: 5261:

The World of the Battleship: The Lives and Careers of Twenty-One Capital Ships of the World's Navies, 1880–1990

2296:

are lying side by side in the docks on the left, camouflaged and under a not yet fully generated smoke screen.

1458: 941: 401: 2568:

s anti-aircraft guns were red-hot by the end of the action, and one 20 mm gun had burst from the strain.

2924:

were aware of Bey's plan for the attack on the convoy and could position their forces accordingly. At 07:03,

2352: 2009:

attacked during the night of 8/9 March and sank five ships for a total of 28,488 GRT but could not find

1949: 1943: 1937: 1616:

were firing full salvos at the carrier. After approximately an hour of shooting, the German battleships sent

1211: 495: 2657:

was able to continue on at the reduced speed of 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph). At 16:00 on 14 March,

2369:

for blind bombing through the smoke screen. Only on 6 January there was a small success with a light hit on

5575: 5327: 2829: 785:

that was 350 mm (13.8 in) thick in the central portion, where it protected the ship's ammunition

630: 443: 334: 187: 22: 5213: 3054:

had reestablished radar contact; it took the cruisers twenty minutes to close the range and begin firing.

1260:

and her four destroyers set course for Trondheim, and at 22:00 the ten destroyers left for Narvik, whilst

598:

sortied from Norway to attack a convoy but British naval patrols intercepted the German force. During the

5603: 5348: 2216: 1771: 1751: 1125: 976: 447: 5364: 1118:

from the Clyde towards Norway in case the Germans intended to return to Germany, and the battlecruisers

827:. Hoffmann served as the ship's captain until 1942. On 1 April 1942, Hoffmann, who had been promoted to 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 3025:

at a range of 11,000 m (12,000 yd). The cruiser opened fire three minutes later, followed by

2389:

On 12 January 1942, the German Naval Command, in a conference with Hitler, made the decision to return

2346: 2193: 2093: 2058:

sank seven ships totaling 26,693 GRT and captured another three ships totaling 20,139 GRT as

1862:. Lütjens' orders prohibited him from engaging Allied capital ships, and so the attack was called off. 989:. The intent of the operation was to draw out British units and ease the pressure on the heavy cruiser 1422:

send its message. The float plane was towed to Trondheim where it could also convey Lütjens' order to

762: 5405: 5378: 3240:

to move into range and finish the crippled ship off with torpedoes. After several more torpedo hits,

2614:

conducted exercises in cooperation with several U-boats. During the maneuvers, she collided with the

2340: 2165:

was moved back in her dock, she was hit by four bombs in the night of 10 April. These second hits on

579: 573: 1345:

was hit twice in the opening portion of the engagement, and one shell disabled her rear gun turret.

2823: 2764:

midget submarines on the German fleet in Norway at their moorings. The X-craft were to drop ground

2131: 1930: 1849: 599: 171: 2280:

Two of the 47 Handley Page Halifax attacking Brest on 18 December 1941 in a rare daylight attack.

2227:

bombers attacked several coastal targets in order to draw up German fighters prematurely. Only 79

5713: 5707: 5368: 2509: 2475: 1011:, and three destroyers, which parted company in the morning of 22 November for operations in the 723: 467: 463: 310: 79: 2460:, at which point they were joined by a flotilla of torpedo boats. The torpedo boats were led by 2089: 1183: 1092:

to pick up survivors. These rescue operations were interrupted by the appearance of the cruiser

517: 5787: 5756: 5701: 5663: 5657: 5613: 5549: 5543: 5537: 2615: 2119: 1905: 1826:

in the Arctic Ocean on 30 January, the battleships entered the Atlantic undetected through the

1498: 1206:; the two ships left Wilhelmshaven on the morning of 7 April under the command of vice admiral 1006: 768: 683: 258: 1000: 841: 5750: 5684: 5596: 5531: 2963: 2885: 2035: 1889: 1481: 879: 663: 607: 1581:, at a range of 26,000 m (28,000 yd; 16 mi). Six minutes after opening fire, 5719: 5566: 5492: 3282: 3002:

s loudspeakers called the crew to battle stations in preparation for the attack. At 08:40,

2881: 2742: 2717: 2496: 2484: 2468: 2276: 2242: 2220: 2176: 1762:

underwent trials in the Baltic before returning to Kiel in December 1940. There she joined

1207: 919: 824: 786: 3070:

twice with 28 cm shells. The first shell hit the forward superstructure and disabled

1505:. The Germans then launched their Ar 196 float planes to search for more Allied vessels. 8: 5896: 5797: 5673: 2948: 2250: 2246: 2111: 1439: 1131: 1093: 922: 651: 387: 1808:, left port for the North Atlantic. They were detected in the Skagerrak and the British 1210:. They were joined by the invasion force for Trondheim, consisting of the heavy cruiser 691: 243: 5739: 5650: 5520: 4948: 3208: 2228: 1857: 1678: 1435: 1295: 1239: 1167: 735: 2741:, and nine destroyers embarked from Altafjord on an offensive on 6 September known as 1705:

was en route under heavy escort on 21 June, the British launched two air attacks, six

927: 5452: 5283: 5264: 5241: 5174: 5155: 5136: 5119: 5100: 5081: 5062: 5043: 5024: 5005: 4986: 4967: 4934: 4915: 4896: 4874: 4855: 4836: 4819: 4800: 4781: 4762: 4743: 4724: 4148: 3273:

In September 2000, a joint expedition to find the sunken battleship conducted by the

3214: 2366: 2215:

to La Pallice caused last-minute alterations to the operation: three forces of three

2123: 1326: 1075: 1016: 521: 2859:

against the next Allied convoy that presented itself. Erich Bey, by now promoted to

2768:

below the hull of the German ships. Of the two X-craft that were assigned to attack

1475:

The two ships left Wilhelmshaven on 4 June to return to Norway. They were joined by

5777: 5196: 2969: 2936: 2757: 2269: 2224: 2076:

in occupied France, which the ships reached on 22 March. Throughout the operation,

1710: 1706: 1566: 1560: 1551: 1138:

to prevent a breakout towards the Atlantic. Aware of these deployments through the

703: 544: 538: 528: 2991:, which remained 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) behind. Half an hour later, 1877:

Hoffmann, however, closed to 23,000 m (25,000 yd) in an attempt to lure

1742:

left Stavanger for Kiel, where repairs were carried out, lasting some six months.

1253:

and sent out a warning message to the British fleet. Shortly after the fight with

3294: 3096: 2492: 2429: 1666: 1431: 1356:

s radar malfunctioned, which prevented her from being able to effectively engage

1113: 1107: 982: 935: 932: 896: 828: 743: 675: 563: 322: 5296: 4888: 2647:

and four destroyers were able to make the journey to Norway. A severe storm off

5464: 5458: 2983:

An hour after making the turn, Bey deployed his destroyers in a line screening

2917: 2907: 2205: 2127: 1827: 1688: 1470: 1450: 1152:

was repaired in Wilhelmshaven, and while in dock, her boilers were overhauled.

1019: 747: 687: 671: 498: 328: 5114:

Schmalenbach, Paul (1973). "German Battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau".

4931:

Hitler's gateway to the Atlantic : German naval bases in France 1940–1945

4778:

Eismeer, Atlantik, Ostsee. Die Einsätze des Schweren Kreuzers 'Admiral Hipper'

2850: 2846: 1926: 5890: 5872: 5859: 3267: 3255: 2932: 2828:

With the rapidly deteriorating military situation for the German Army on the

2790:

had left for a training cruise. Other X-craft attacked and seriously damaged

2664: 2480: 2306: 2073: 1853: 1518: 1311: 986: 911: 791: 759: 739: 459: 425: 373: 316: 281: 262: 157: 144: 5123: 3201:

ceased fire, having fired 52 salvos and having scored at least 13 hits, but

2681:

forced the British to suspend the Arctic convoys during the summer of 1943.

1983:

in order to discuss cooperation. The next morning the two ships encountered

1525:

and the four destroyers to refuel in Trondheim, while he would steam to the

5513: 4823: 3170:, while straddling the ship with several salvos. Shell splinters rained on 2579: 2534: 2410: 2384: 1554: 1540: 915: 755: 751: 719: 679: 585: 559: 531: 485: 434: 429: 417: 390: 341: 58: 3300:

to examine the object visually. The wreck was positively identified by an

2675:. The reinforcement of the German fleet in Norway with the arrival of the 2424:

s first commander, was given command of the operation. In early February,

1818:

at long range, which allowed Lütjens to retreat unseen, with the aid of a

1571:, at a range of some 40,000 m (44,000 yd; 25 mi). At 18:32 790:

of armor on their faces and 200 mm (7.9 in) on their sides. The

5559: 5476: 4147:(Kindle ed.). Barnsley: Pen and Sword. p. Kindle location 548. 2942: 2746: 2425: 2059: 1955: 1922: 1491: 1277: 949: 945: 817: 699: 361: 4895:. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 4224: 4124: 4112: 2179:, Bomber Command wanted to resume the campaign against German industry. 1234:

signalled a fight with a British destroyer and at 09:22 Lütjens ordered

1044:

opened fire, and three minutes later a salvo of her 28 cm guns hit

5624: 5585: 5040:

The Bomber Command War Diaries. An operational reference book 1939-1945

3129: 3105: 2765: 2189: 2130:

temporarily halt its campaign against German industry and focus on the

1988: 1984: 1980: 1809: 1793: 1725:. British warships were within 35 nmi (65 km; 40 mi) of 1670: 1360:

during the battle. At 05:18, the British battlecruiser shifted fire to

1162: 995:, which was being pursued in the South Atlantic. A patrol line of four 959: 899: 875: 782: 727: 603: 421: 367: 355: 284:(13,100 km; 8,200 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) 193: 5435: 2495:; half an hour later, a flight of six Swordfish torpedo bombers, with 975:

s first operation began on 21 November 1939; the ship, and her sister

5644: 5634: 5470: 2701: 2464: 2457: 2062:. Alerted by distress signals of the victims, the British battleship 1813: 1722: 1461:

that had been installed on the rear (Caesar) gun turret was removed.

1412: 1203: 1012: 731: 667: 595: 439: 2868: 4831:

Campbell, John (1987). "Germany 1906–1922". In Sturton, Ian (ed.).

3745: 3142:

quickly returned the fire. Five minutes after opening fire, one of

1228:

s fuel stores. On 8 April at 09:15 one of the trailing destroyers,

1171: 1143: 1139: 1119: 867: 706: 695: 655: 558:

In early 1942, after British bombing raids, the two ships made the

247: 4670: 4556: 3685: 2962:

s expected direction of attack. Fraser in the powerful battleship

2518:

took on a list of one degree and was down by the bows by a meter.

635: 4636: 4634: 4580: 4392: 4173: 4100: 4032: 3840: 2761: 2521: 2204:

was preparing for an Atlantic sortie, an immediate attack by six

1526: 1426:

to join the German battleships in the return journey to Germany.

1273: 1135: 1055:, and the majority of the officers. During the brief engagement, 555:

achieved one of the longest-range naval gunfire hits in history.

466:

in three triple turrets. Plans to replace these weapons with six

4621: 4619: 4534: 4532: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4353: 4351: 4338: 4336: 4323: 4321: 4308: 4306: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4090: 4088: 4086: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3675: 3673: 3559: 3557: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3304:

on 10 September, which located armament consistent with that of

3221:

shaft. The fourth hit the ship in the bow. The torpedoes slowed

2704:

for repairs to damage incurred in heavy storms. In early April,

1521:, was allowed to proceed unmolested. Admiral Marschall detached 2648: 2134:

threat and the U-boat ports and production instead. As soon as

1934: 1819: 1434:(RAF) patrol aircraft spotted the three ships that day, and 82 1238:

to investigate. The German cruiser found the British destroyer

1199: 1015:. The next day, the German battleships intercepted the British 996: 682:

of 9.9 m (32 ft 6 in). She was powered by three

4658: 4646: 4631: 4185: 3864: 3813: 2541:

While the ship was immobilized, Admiral Ciliax transferred to

4616: 4604: 4592: 4529: 4416: 4348: 4333: 4318: 4303: 4236: 4212: 4161: 4083: 4071: 3933: 3900: 3852: 3801: 3772: 3670: 3554: 3483: 2153:

was not hit, but in the night of 4 April a dud bomb close to

952:

work followed her launch, and was completed by January 1939.

859:

Fritz Hintze, who was killed during the ship's final battle.

659: 1673:

joined in the attacks on the ship by sending the battleship

2530: 2066:

left convoy HX 114 and in the evening was able to surprise

1577:(as the closer ship) opened fire with her main armament on 1490:

and the four destroyers. The next day, the British trawler

1454: 1106:, the British deployed the Home Fleet with the battleships 16:

Scharnhorst-class battleship of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine

3136:

opened fire at a range of 11,000 m (12,000 yd);

1380:

had used their superior speed to escape from the pursuing

1368:, which maneuvered to avoid the falling shells. By 07:15, 4871:

Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II

4833:

Conway's All the World's Battleships: 1906 to the Present

3969: 3957: 3274: 2351:

had been seriously damaged by a torpedo on 13 June 1941;

2019:

approached the convoy but again Lütjens turned away when

1074:

was burning badly and in the process of sinking. Admiral

5197:"How Germany's feared Scharnhorst ship was sunk in WWII" 3998: 3996: 3945: 2804:

left for Germany with five destroyers on 23 September.

4699: 4697: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4255: 3762: 3760: 3721: 3697: 3622: 3227:

to 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), which allowed

1736:

s position when she turned to Stavanger. The next day,

715:

carried an additional 10 officers and 61 enlisted men.

3709: 3634: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3461: 3459: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3321: 2974:

and four destroyers, moved to a position southwest of

2745:; the ships were tasked with bombarding the island of 2716:, and nine destroyers conducted a training mission to 1852:. Shortly after 08:30 on 8 February, lookouts spotted 1844:

On 6 February, the two ships refueled from the tanker

5037: 4267: 4230: 4130: 4118: 4059: 3993: 3751: 3542: 3089:

with radar while Fraser made his way to the scene in

1620:

to the bottom. They also sank the two destroyers. As

1550:

At 17:45, the German battleships spotted the British

1182:

She was then assigned to the forces participating in

4694: 4433: 4363: 3876: 3830: 3828: 3757: 3610: 1786:

was undamaged. The two ships were forced to return:

5214:"The Sinking of the 'Scharnhorst', Wreck discovery" 4682: 4049: 4047: 3646: 3581: 3569: 3456: 3403: 2727:was able to conduct only short training maneuvers. 1497:

was discovered and sunk, along with the 5,666

484:operated together for much of the early portion of 5436:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1943 5019:Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2014). 4517: 4481: 4469: 4445: 4404: 3444: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3350: 3348: 1624:sank, one of the four torpedoes she had fired hit 1170:, a brief sortie into the North Sea as far as the 678:of 30 m (98 ft 5 in) and a maximum 5326: 4835:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 28–49. 4723:(in German). Oldenburg: Gerhard Stalling Verlag. 4457: 4279: 3888: 3825: 1600:s captain. The two destroyers attempted to cover 1339:; the Germans returned fire three minutes later. 1245:and hit her with accurate artillery fire. Before 958:was commissioned into the fleet on 9 January for 5888: 4912:Sea Battles in Close-up. World War 2, Volume two 4044: 4020: 4008: 3981: 3921: 3789: 3733: 3598: 3518: 3506: 3471: 3420: 2345:was still working up and not ready for service; 2253:flew the extra 200 miles (320 km) to reach 2052:sank six ships totaling 35,080 GRT, whilst 1030:spotted the vessel, and less than an hour later 621:. Only 36 men survived, out of a crew of 1,968. 566:from occupied France to Germany. In early 1943, 5018: 4568: 4544: 4505: 4493: 4380: 4191: 3870: 3819: 3658: 3530: 3432: 3360: 3345: 3333: 2319:The strategic position following the damage to 2033:. The two ships then refueled from the tankers 670:. She was 234.9 m (770 ft 8 in) 5238:Scharnhorst and Gneisenau: The Elusive Sisters 5135:. Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing Limited. 4868: 4816:The Drama of the Scharnhorst: Holocaust at Sea 4799:(in German). Friedberg: Podzun-Pallas-Verlag. 4761:(in German) (5th ed.). Hamburg: Koehler. 4676: 4664: 4652: 4640: 4625: 4610: 4598: 4586: 4562: 4538: 4427: 4398: 4357: 4342: 4327: 4312: 4291: 4249: 4218: 4179: 4167: 4106: 4077: 4038: 3939: 3915: 3858: 3846: 3807: 3783: 3691: 3679: 3563: 3500: 3391: 3379: 2483:directed Luftwaffe fighter and bomber forces ( 2101: 5421: 5312: 4869:Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985). 4145:4 Group Bomber Command: An Operational Record 2593:s entrance to Wilhelmshaven. Two days later, 1958:waters for possible combined operations with 1892:to search for more shipping. On 22 February, 794:was protected with 350 mm on the sides. 584:in Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the 470:guns in twin turrets were never carried out. 5038:Middlebrook, Martin; Everitt, Chris (1996). 3306: 3241: 3222: 3202: 3161: 3150: 3137: 3118: 3084: 3078: 3061: 3055: 3045: 3039: 3030: 3020: 3007: 2993: 2985: 2975: 2954: 2925: 2911: 2901: 2895: 2872: 2854: 2834: 2808: 2795: 2785: 2778: 2770: 2750: 2731: 2722: 2706: 2686: 2676: 2658: 2652: 2642: 2622: 2609: 2594: 2584: 2573: 2559: 2547: 2513: 2502: 2445: 2437: 2415: 2399: 2391: 2370: 2326: 2320: 2310: 2290: 2282: 2262: 2255: 2236: 2210: 2199: 2183: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2141: 2135: 2083: 2077: 2067: 2053: 2047: 2024: 2014: 2004: 1998: 1974: 1966: 1959: 1909: 1899: 1893: 1882: 1864: 1803: 1797: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1764: 1757: 1737: 1727: 1715: 1700: 1693: 1656: 1647: 1636: 1625: 1611: 1605: 1588: 1582: 1572: 1444: 1416: 1405: 1399: 1386: 1375: 1369: 1362: 1347: 1340: 1333: 1316: 1302: 1267: 1261: 1219: 1198:were the covering force for the assaults on 1193: 1187: 1156: 1147: 1087: 1080: 1061: 1038: 1031: 1025: 966: 953: 886: 846: 803: 776: 710: 646: 615: 589: 567: 550: 511: 505: 489: 479: 473: 410: 5922:World War II shipwrecks in the Arctic Ocean 5152:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front 5118:. Windsor: Profile Pubs. pp. 201–224. 2817: 2300:is moored at the quay at the extreme right. 208:Full load: 38,100 long tons (38,700 t) 5428: 5414: 5319: 5305: 4964:Eagle in Flames: The Fall of the Luftwaffe 4953:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4928: 4740:Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939–1942 4094: 3149:s 14 in (35.6 cm) shells struck 2953:, placed his ships between the convoy and 2651:forced the destroyers to seek shelter but 1513:, a 19,840 GRT passenger ship, while 1457:. During the repair process, the aircraft 1296:encountered the British battlecruiser HMS 855:s last mission, Hüffmeier was replaced by 690:, which developed a total of 159,551 370:: 200 to 360 mm (7.9 to 14.2 in) 205:Standard: 32,100 long tons (32,600 t) 2800:and her five escorting destroyers, since 2029:sank the 7,921 GRT Greek cargo ship 5113: 3327: 3291:Norwegian Defence Research Establishment 3254: 3095: 3050:was to the northeast of the convoy, but 2880: 2520: 2275: 2105: 1904:sank four vessels totalling 19,634 1832: 1531: 1509:and the destroyers were sent to destroy 1282: 866: 666:and 38,100 long tons (38,700 t) at 634: 364:: 50 to 105 mm (2.0 to 4.1 in) 5255:Schmid, Thomas (2018). "The Battleship 5211: 4703: 3128:illuminated the German battleship with 2863:, was given command of the task force. 2603: 1177: 730:: two turrets were placed forward in a 5889: 5277: 5254: 5235: 5194: 5168: 5097:Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945 5080:. Barnsley, S. Yorkshire: Leo Cooper. 4756: 4688: 4374: 4261: 4208:(2016, Kindle ed.). Albion Press. 4136: 4065: 3975: 3963: 3951: 3766: 3727: 3703: 3628: 3616: 3592: 3548: 3465: 3414: 2794:This reduced the Arctic Task Force to 2182:After repairs were completed in July, 2110:A British Boeing Fortress Mark I from 1655:The damage was severe enough to force 1249:sank, she attempted to ram and damage 1186:, the invasion of Denmark and Norway. 1067:, which caused minor splinter damage. 797: 21:For other ships of the same name, see 5409: 5300: 4775: 3715: 3652: 3640: 3174:and disabled the fire-control radar. 2784:, the attack would have failed since 2636:Germany on 7 January in company with 2456:batteries. By 06:30, they had passed 2378: 1756:Following the completion of repairs, 1325:s navigator spotted gun flashes from 1155:Following the completion of repairs, 837:, transferred command of the ship to 724:28 cm (11.1 in) L/54.5 guns 49: 5130: 5075: 5021:Battleships of the Scharnhorst Class 4980: 4873:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 4830: 4475: 4451: 4410: 4142: 4002: 3450: 3285:began. The underwater survey vessel 2980:to block a possible escape attempt. 2375:, but the other ships were not hit. 2241:as their principal targets. Fifteen 2118:Facing increasing losses during the 698:and yielded a maximum speed of 31.5 272:31 knots (57 km/h; 36 mph) 218:234.9 m (770 ft 8 in) 5917:World War II battleships of Germany 5902:Maritime incidents in December 1943 5212:Fenton, Norman (17 February 2011). 5056: 3894: 3882: 3834: 3179:"Gentlemen, the battle against the 2361:were in dockyards for maintenance. 2092:, the sortie by the new battleship 1745: 904:, under the contract name "D." The 13: 5229: 5195:Bowes, Claire (26 December 2011). 5094: 4961: 4887: 4852:Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days 4849: 4794: 4718: 4463: 4285: 4273: 4053: 4014: 3927: 3795: 3739: 3604: 3575: 3536: 3512: 3477: 3426: 3373: 3354: 3250: 1830:during the night of 3/4 February. 862: 844:. In October 1943, shortly before 323:10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK C/33 14: 5938: 5263:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. 5259:(1936)". In Taylor, Bruce (ed.). 5188: 5023:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. 4909: 4813: 4737: 4574: 4550: 4523: 4511: 4499: 4487: 4439: 4203: 4026: 3987: 3664: 3524: 3438: 3397: 3385: 3339: 1464: 748:3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 537:as well as her escort destroyers 464:28 cm (11 in) C/34 guns 446:, which included her sister ship 329:3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 234:9.9 m (32 ft 6 in) 5840: 5835: 5823: 5815: 5149: 4999: 4780:(in German). München: Pavillon. 4386: 4297: 2916:and the Fleet Command; Admirals 2891:in the Arctic escorting a convoy 2114:taking off for the 24 July raid. 1294:Early on 9 April, the two ships 1036:had closed the range. At 17:03, 226:30 m (98 ft 5 in) 51: 31: 5927:2000 archaeological discoveries 4197: 2525:Aerial reconnaissance photo of 2273:37 mm anti-aircraft guns. 1973:On 6 March the battleships met 1914:sank the 6,150 GRT tanker 833:(Rear Admiral) and awarded the 468:38 cm (15 in) SK C/34 420:, alternatively described as a 91:Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven 5395:List of battleships of Germany 5240:. New York: Hippocrene Books. 5042:. Midland Publishing Limited. 5002:Convoy! Drama in Arctic Waters 2667:outside Narvik. There she met 1559:and two escorting destroyers, 1051:s bridge, killing the captain 942:Battle of the Falkland Islands 931:Schultz, the commander of the 80:Gerhard Johann von Scharnhorst 1: 5907:Scharnhorst-class battleships 5173:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 4757:Bredemeier, Heinrich (1997). 4712: 2231:bombers attacked Brest, with 1987:, escorted by the battleship 1881:away from the convoy so that 1856:, escorted by the battleship 1593:struck the bridge and killed 1272:took a position South of the 940:, which had been sunk at the 895:as a replacement for the old 752:2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 740:15 cm (5.9 in) L/55 5912:Ships built in Wilhelmshaven 5057:Murfett, Malcolm H. (2008). 3266:s crew, at Ehrenfriedhof in 2910:radio transmissions between 1415:float plane was launched by 1024:. At 16:07, lookouts aboard 631:Scharnhorst-class battleship 452:. The ship was built at the 358:: 350 mm (13.8 in) 311:28 cm/54.5 (11 inch) SK C/34 7: 5169:Williamson, Gordon (2003). 5076:Paterson, Lawrence (2003). 4854:. New York: Da Capo Press. 2479:(General of Fighter Force) 2432:undetected by the British. 2335:were still being repaired, 2102:Air raids in Brest, 1941-42 1752:Operation Berlin (Atlantic) 10: 5943: 5171:German Battleships 1939–45 5133:Tirpitz: Hunting the Beast 4893:German Warships: 1815–1945 4814:Busch, Fritz-Otto (1956). 4797:Schlachtschiff Scharnhorst 4795:Breyer, Siegfried (1987). 4776:Brennecke, Jochen (2003). 4759:Schlachtschiff Scharnhorst 2821: 2428:swept a route through the 2382: 1749: 1468: 1098:. Based on the reports of 1059:managed to score a hit on 773:, were installed in 1942. 628: 20: 5810: 5768: 5441: 5390: 5359: 5337: 5099:. Naval Institute Press. 4929:Hellwinkel, Lars (2014). 4231:Middlebrook & Everitt 4131:Middlebrook & Everitt 4119:Middlebrook & Everitt 3752:Middlebrook & Everitt 2968:, along with the cruiser 2435:At 23:00 on 11 February, 2261:. The Halifaxes attacked 1707:Swordfish torpedo bombers 1677:and the aircraft carrier 726:arranged in three triple 642:in her 1943 configuration 624: 178: 44: 30: 5280:Death of the Scharnhorst 5236:Garret, Richard (1978). 5154:. Oxford: Osprey Books. 4966:. London: Brockhampton. 4914:. Ian Allan Publishing. 4742:. Vol. 1. Cassell. 3315: 3124:; thirty minutes later, 3116:made radar contact with 2824:Battle of the North Cape 2818:Battle of the North Cape 2749:. During the operation, 2405:, and the heavy cruiser 2132:Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor 1931:commander of the U-boats 1280:to cover both landings. 985:between Iceland and the 750:L/83, and initially ten 602:(26 December 1943), the 600:Battle of the North Cape 335:2 cm (0.79 in) 172:Battle of the North Cape 5131:Sweetman, John (2004). 5061:. Abingdon: Routledge. 2510:watertight compartments 2476:General der Jagdflieger 2467:, aboard the destroyer 1822:. After refueling from 684:Brown, Boveri & Cie 504:in a short engagement. 317:15 cm/55 (5.9") SK C/28 179:General characteristics 129:Scharnhorst ever onward 125:Scharnhorst immer voran 5614:German submarine 5078:Second U-boat Flotilla 4981:Jacobsen, Alf (2003). 4962:Hooton, E. R. (1997). 4818:. New York: Rinehart. 4719:Bekker, Cajus (1971). 3307: 3270: 3242: 3223: 3203: 3189: 3187:was commanded today." 3162: 3151: 3138: 3119: 3109: 3085: 3079: 3062: 3056: 3046: 3040: 3031: 3021: 3008: 2994: 2986: 2976: 2955: 2926: 2912: 2902: 2896: 2892: 2873: 2855: 2835: 2809: 2796: 2786: 2779: 2771: 2751: 2732: 2723: 2707: 2687: 2677: 2659: 2653: 2643: 2623: 2616:German submarine 2610: 2608:In early August 1942, 2595: 2585: 2574: 2560: 2548: 2538: 2514: 2503: 2446: 2438: 2416: 2400: 2392: 2371: 2327: 2321: 2311: 2301: 2291: 2283: 2263: 2256: 2237: 2211: 2200: 2184: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2142: 2136: 2120:Battle of the Atlantic 2115: 2084: 2078: 2068: 2054: 2048: 2025: 2015: 2005: 1999: 1975: 1967: 1960: 1910: 1900: 1894: 1883: 1865: 1841: 1804: 1798: 1788: 1782: 1776: 1765: 1758: 1738: 1728: 1716: 1709:in the first and nine 1701: 1694: 1657: 1648: 1637: 1626: 1612: 1606: 1589: 1583: 1573: 1547: 1445: 1417: 1406: 1400: 1387: 1376: 1370: 1363: 1348: 1341: 1334: 1317: 1303: 1291: 1268: 1262: 1220: 1194: 1188: 1157: 1148: 1088: 1081: 1062: 1039: 1032: 1026: 1017:armed merchant cruiser 967: 954: 887: 883: 847: 804: 802:At her commissioning, 777: 711: 647: 643: 616: 590: 568: 551: 512: 506: 496:armed merchant cruiser 490: 480: 474: 411: 259:Brown, Boveri & Co 5278:Winton, John (2003). 5059:Naval Warfare 1919–45 4850:Dönitz, Karl (1997). 3258: 3177: 3099: 2884: 2524: 2279: 2109: 1836: 1770:, in preparation for 1535: 1286: 880:Rendsburg High Bridge 870: 718:She was armed with a 664:standard displacement 638: 613:and her escorts sank 549:. In that engagement 4910:Grove, Eric (1993). 4738:Blair, Clay (1998). 4565:, pp. 166, 169. 4143:Ward, Chris (2012). 3694:, pp. 154, 157. 3283:Royal Norwegian Navy 3192:Admiral Bruce Fraser 2807:On 25 November 1943 2743:Operation Zitronella 2604:Deployment to Norway 2485:Operation Donnerkeil 2177:Operation Barbarossa 2090:Operation Rheinübung 1449:was repaired at the 1184:Operation Weserübung 1178:Operation Weserübung 981:, was to attack the 920:Generalfeldmarschall 825:Kurt-Caesar Hoffmann 738:consisted of twelve 518:Operation Weserübung 5869: / 5665:Frederick Bartholdi 5505:Richard C. Krogmann 5282:. London: Cassell. 5150:Weal, John (1996). 5095:Rohwer, J. (2005). 5000:Kemp, Paul (1993). 4679:, pp. 174–175. 4589:, pp. 169–170. 4442:, pp. 123–131. 4401:, pp. 164–165. 4276:, pp. 114–115. 4233:, pp. 220–234. 4192:Koop & Schmolke 4182:, pp. 159–160. 4133:, pp. 183–185. 4121:, pp. 131–174. 4109:, pp. 158–159. 4041:, pp. 140–142. 3978:, pp. 120–125. 3966:, pp. 115–119. 3871:Koop & Schmolke 3849:, pp. 137–138. 3820:Koop & Schmolke 3029:two minutes after. 3019:s lookouts spotted 2760:, an attack by six 2671:and the battleship 2251:No. 76 Squadron RAF 2247:No. 35 Squadron RAF 2112:No. 90 Squadron RAF 2013:. The next morning 1440:RAF Coastal Command 925:, and the widow of 923:Werner von Blomberg 842:Friedrich Hüffmeier 798:Commanding officers 397:Aviation facilities 174:on 26 December 1943 154: / 5533:Friedrich Bischoff 5331:-class battleships 5116:Warship Profile 33 4985:. Sutton: Stroud. 4677:Garzke & Dulin 4665:Garzke & Dulin 4653:Garzke & Dulin 4641:Garzke & Dulin 4626:Garzke & Dulin 4611:Garzke & Dulin 4599:Garzke & Dulin 4587:Garzke & Dulin 4563:Garzke & Dulin 4539:Garzke & Dulin 4428:Garzke & Dulin 4399:Garzke & Dulin 4358:Garzke & Dulin 4343:Garzke & Dulin 4328:Garzke & Dulin 4313:Garzke & Dulin 4250:Garzke & Dulin 4219:Garzke & Dulin 4180:Garzke & Dulin 4168:Garzke & Dulin 4107:Garzke & Dulin 4078:Garzke & Dulin 4039:Garzke & Dulin 3954:, pp. 92–108. 3940:Garzke & Dulin 3916:Garzke & Dulin 3859:Garzke & Dulin 3847:Garzke & Dulin 3808:Garzke & Dulin 3784:Garzke & Dulin 3692:Garzke & Dulin 3680:Garzke & Dulin 3564:Garzke & Dulin 3501:Garzke & Dulin 3289:, operated by the 3271: 3110: 2893: 2853:decided to employ 2663:dropped anchor in 2539: 2379:Operation Cerberus 2302: 2116: 1842: 1548: 1436:RAF Bomber Command 1292: 1168:Operation Nordmark 918:, Minister of War 884: 882:in the background) 736:secondary armament 644: 5873:72.267°N 28.683°E 5852: 5851: 5403: 5402: 5270:978-0-87021-906-1 5247:978-0-7153-7628-7 5180:978-1-84176-498-6 5161:978-1-85532-595-1 5142:978-0-7509-3755-9 5106:978-1-59114-119-8 5068:978-0-415-45804-7 5030:978-1-84832-192-2 4973:978-1-86019-995-0 4902:978-0-87021-790-6 4880:978-0-87021-101-0 4861:978-0-306-80764-0 4842:978-0-85177-448-0 4526:, pp. 37–38. 4490:, pp. 35–36. 4264:, pp. 11–12. 4005:, pp. 83–84. 3885:, pp. 81–82. 3730:, pp. 61–62. 3718:, pp. 85–91. 3706:, pp. 58–60. 3643:, pp. 45–52. 3631:, pp. 40–41. 3578:, pp. 39–45. 2245:heavy bombers of 2124:Winston Churchill 1933:, sent the three 1689:Skua dive bombers 1687:launched fifteen 1076:Wilhelm Marschall 992:Admiral Graf Spee 907:Kriegsmarinewerft 808:was commanded by 758:, taken from the 744:10.5 cm L/65 577:-class battleship 455:Kriegsmarinewerft 407: 406: 158:72.267°N 28.683°E 5934: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5862: 5844: 5839: 5827: 5819: 5803: 5792: 5782: 5761: 5745: 5734: 5724: 5696: 5679: 5668: 5639: 5629: 5619: 5608: 5591: 5580: 5570: 5554: 5526: 5508: 5497: 5481: 5430: 5423: 5416: 5407: 5406: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5274: 5251: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5184: 5165: 5146: 5127: 5110: 5091: 5072: 5053: 5034: 5015: 4996: 4977: 4958: 4952: 4944: 4940:978-184832-199-1 4925: 4906: 4884: 4865: 4846: 4827: 4810: 4791: 4772: 4753: 4734: 4707: 4701: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4629: 4623: 4614: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4378: 4372: 4361: 4355: 4346: 4340: 4331: 4325: 4316: 4310: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3770: 3764: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3358: 3352: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3310: 3265: 3245: 3226: 3206: 3193: 3165: 3160:repairs allowed 3154: 3148: 3141: 3122: 3104:disembarking in 3088: 3082: 3076: 3065: 3059: 3049: 3043: 3034: 3024: 3018: 3011: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2979: 2961: 2958: 2929: 2915: 2905: 2899: 2876: 2858: 2838: 2812: 2799: 2789: 2782: 2774: 2758:Operation Source 2754: 2735: 2726: 2710: 2690: 2680: 2662: 2656: 2646: 2626: 2613: 2598: 2592: 2588: 2578:had reached the 2577: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2551: 2537:in February 1942 2517: 2506: 2449: 2441: 2423: 2419: 2403: 2395: 2374: 2330: 2324: 2314: 2294: 2286: 2270:torpedo bulkhead 2266: 2259: 2240: 2214: 2203: 2187: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2145: 2139: 2087: 2081: 2071: 2057: 2051: 2028: 2018: 2008: 2002: 1978: 1970: 1963: 1913: 1903: 1897: 1886: 1872: 1868: 1807: 1801: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1772:Operation Berlin 1768: 1761: 1746:Operation Berlin 1741: 1735: 1731: 1719: 1711:Beaufort bombers 1704: 1697: 1660: 1651: 1644: 1640: 1629: 1615: 1609: 1599: 1592: 1586: 1576: 1552:aircraft carrier 1448: 1420: 1409: 1403: 1394: 1390: 1379: 1373: 1366: 1355: 1351: 1344: 1337: 1324: 1320: 1309: 1306: 1271: 1265: 1227: 1223: 1197: 1191: 1172:Shetland Islands 1160: 1151: 1091: 1084: 1065: 1050: 1042: 1035: 1029: 974: 970: 957: 890: 854: 850: 807: 780: 714: 650: 619: 593: 571: 554: 529:aircraft carrier 516:participated in 515: 509: 493: 483: 477: 414: 383:Aircraft carried 340:6 × 533 mm 333:10 (later 16) × 169: 168: 166: 165: 164: 159: 155: 152: 151: 150: 147: 61: 56: 55: 54: 35: 28: 27: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5887: 5886: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5868: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5848: 5831: 5806: 5795: 5785: 5775: 5769:Other incidents 5764: 5748: 5737: 5727: 5699: 5682: 5671: 5642: 5632: 5622: 5611: 5594: 5583: 5573: 5557: 5529: 5511: 5500: 5484: 5450: 5437: 5434: 5404: 5399: 5386: 5355: 5333: 5325: 5290: 5271: 5248: 5232: 5230:Further reading 5219: 5217: 5202: 5200: 5191: 5181: 5162: 5143: 5107: 5088: 5069: 5050: 5031: 5012: 4993: 4974: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4922: 4903: 4881: 4862: 4843: 4807: 4788: 4769: 4750: 4731: 4715: 4710: 4702: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4675: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4639: 4632: 4624: 4617: 4609: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4530: 4522: 4518: 4510: 4506: 4498: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4474: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4397: 4393: 4385: 4381: 4373: 4364: 4356: 4349: 4341: 4334: 4326: 4319: 4311: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4284: 4280: 4272: 4268: 4260: 4256: 4248: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4178: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4141: 4137: 4129: 4125: 4117: 4113: 4105: 4101: 4095:Hellwinkel 2014 4093: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4052: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3994: 3986: 3982: 3974: 3970: 3962: 3958: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3914: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3833: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3794: 3790: 3782: 3773: 3765: 3758: 3750: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3690: 3686: 3678: 3671: 3663: 3659: 3651: 3647: 3639: 3635: 3627: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3603: 3599: 3591: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3555: 3551:, pp. 8–9. 3547: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3499: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3437: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3413: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3372: 3361: 3353: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3263: 3253: 3251:Wreck discovery 3195: 3191: 3146: 3100:Survivors from 3074: 3016: 2999: 2959: 2826: 2820: 2606: 2590: 2565: 2553: 2493:Strait of Dover 2430:English Channel 2421: 2387: 2381: 2217:Flying Fortress 2104: 1870: 1754: 1748: 1733: 1642: 1597: 1473: 1467: 1432:Royal Air Force 1392: 1353: 1322: 1307: 1231:Bernd von Arnim 1225: 1208:Günther Lütjens 1180: 1124:and the French 1048: 983:Northern Patrol 972: 933:armored cruiser 928:Kapitän zur See 897:pre-dreadnought 891:was ordered as 865: 863:Service history 852: 810:Kapitän zur See 800: 694:; 118,977 633: 627: 564:English Channel 246:; 118,977 239:Installed power 162: 160: 156: 153: 148: 145: 143: 141: 140: 57: 52: 50: 40: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5940: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5878:72.267; 28.683 5850: 5849: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5793: 5783: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5749:Unknown date: 5746: 5735: 5725: 5697: 5680: 5669: 5640: 5630: 5620: 5609: 5592: 5581: 5571: 5555: 5527: 5509: 5498: 5482: 5454:Fort Athabaska 5447: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5432: 5425: 5418: 5410: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5384: 5375: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5353: 5346: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5324: 5323: 5316: 5309: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5288: 5275: 5269: 5252: 5246: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5209: 5190: 5189:Online sources 5187: 5186: 5185: 5179: 5166: 5160: 5147: 5141: 5128: 5111: 5105: 5092: 5086: 5073: 5067: 5054: 5048: 5035: 5029: 5016: 5010: 4997: 4991: 4978: 4972: 4959: 4939: 4926: 4920: 4907: 4901: 4885: 4879: 4866: 4860: 4847: 4841: 4828: 4811: 4805: 4792: 4786: 4773: 4767: 4754: 4748: 4735: 4729: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4693: 4681: 4669: 4667:, p. 174. 4657: 4655:, p. 173. 4645: 4643:, p. 176. 4630: 4628:, p. 172. 4615: 4613:, p. 171. 4603: 4601:, p. 170. 4591: 4579: 4567: 4555: 4543: 4541:, p. 167. 4528: 4516: 4504: 4492: 4480: 4468: 4466:, p. 277. 4456: 4444: 4432: 4430:, p. 165. 4415: 4403: 4391: 4389:, p. 150. 4379: 4362: 4360:, p. 164. 4347: 4345:, p. 163. 4332: 4330:, p. 162. 4317: 4315:, p. 161. 4302: 4290: 4288:, p. 114. 4278: 4266: 4254: 4252:, p. 146. 4235: 4223: 4221:, p. 160. 4211: 4196: 4194:, p. 111. 4184: 4172: 4170:, p. 159. 4160: 4154:978-1848848849 4153: 4135: 4123: 4111: 4099: 4082: 4080:, p. 143. 4070: 4068:, p. 142. 4058: 4043: 4031: 4029:, p. 253. 4019: 4007: 3992: 3990:, p. 233. 3980: 3968: 3956: 3944: 3942:, p. 140. 3932: 3920: 3918:, p. 158. 3899: 3887: 3875: 3873:, p. 105. 3863: 3861:, p. 138. 3851: 3839: 3824: 3822:, p. 103. 3812: 3810:, p. 137. 3800: 3788: 3786:, p. 157. 3771: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3720: 3708: 3696: 3684: 3682:, p. 135. 3669: 3657: 3645: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3597: 3580: 3568: 3566:, p. 134. 3553: 3541: 3529: 3527:, p. 116. 3517: 3505: 3503:, p. 154. 3482: 3470: 3455: 3443: 3441:, p. 142. 3431: 3429:, p. 375. 3419: 3402: 3390: 3378: 3359: 3344: 3342:, p. 129. 3332: 3330:, p. 221. 3319: 3317: 3314: 3252: 3249: 3176: 2918:Robert Burnett 2822:Main article: 2819: 2816: 2605: 2602: 2383:Main article: 2380: 2377: 2359:Admiral Hipper 2354:Admiral Scheer 2128:Bomber Command 2103: 2100: 1925:convoy lanes. 1828:Denmark Strait 1750:Main article: 1747: 1744: 1683:. On 13 June, 1667:Hudson bombers 1523:Admiral Hipper 1507:Admiral Hipper 1488:Admiral Hipper 1477:Admiral Hipper 1471:Operation Juno 1469:Main article: 1466: 1465:Operation Juno 1463: 1451:Deutsche Werke 1428:Admiral Hipper 1424:Admiral Hipper 1258:Admiral Hipper 1251:Admiral Hipper 1236:Admiral Hipper 1213:Admiral Hipper 1179: 1176: 1161:went into the 1053:Edward Kennedy 864: 861: 835:Knight's Cross 799: 796: 760:light cruisers 688:steam turbines 629:Main article: 626: 623: 438:. She was the 405: 404: 398: 394: 393: 384: 380: 379: 378: 377: 371: 365: 359: 351: 347: 346: 345: 344: 338: 331: 325: 319: 313: 305: 301: 300: 299: 298: 297:1,613 enlisted 295: 290: 286: 285: 278: 274: 273: 270: 266: 265: 263:steam turbines 255: 251: 250: 240: 236: 235: 232: 228: 227: 224: 220: 219: 216: 212: 211: 210: 209: 206: 201: 197: 196: 185: 184:Class and type 181: 180: 176: 175: 163:72.267; 28.683 137: 133: 132: 122: 118: 117: 116:7 January 1939 114: 110: 109: 108:3 October 1936 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 77: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 47: 46: 42: 41: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5939: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5885: 5882: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5834: 5833:November 1943 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5809: 5802: 5801: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5753: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5726: 5723: 5722: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5704: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5689: 5688: 5681: 5678: 5677: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5660: 5655: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5600: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5562: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5534: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5489: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5461: 5456: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5431: 5426: 5424: 5419: 5417: 5412: 5411: 5408: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5389: 5383: 5381: 5377:Followed by: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5366: 5365:L 20e α class 5363:Preceded by: 5362: 5361: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5336: 5332: 5330: 5322: 5317: 5315: 5310: 5308: 5303: 5302: 5299: 5291: 5289:0-907319-06-8 5285: 5281: 5276: 5272: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5234: 5233: 5215: 5210: 5198: 5193: 5192: 5182: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5153: 5148: 5144: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5112: 5108: 5102: 5098: 5093: 5089: 5087:0-85052-917-4 5083: 5079: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5049:1-85780-033-8 5045: 5041: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5013: 5011:0-304-35451-1 5007: 5003: 4998: 4994: 4992:0-7509-3404-2 4988: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4965: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4942: 4936: 4932: 4927: 4923: 4921:0-7110-2118-X 4917: 4913: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4889:Gröner, Erich 4886: 4882: 4876: 4872: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4853: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4808: 4806:3-7909-0315-9 4802: 4798: 4793: 4789: 4787:3-453-87084-0 4783: 4779: 4774: 4770: 4768:3-7822-0592-8 4764: 4760: 4755: 4751: 4749:0-304-35260-8 4745: 4741: 4736: 4732: 4730:3-548-03057-2 4726: 4722: 4721:Verdammte See 4717: 4716: 4705: 4700: 4698: 4690: 4685: 4678: 4673: 4666: 4661: 4654: 4649: 4642: 4637: 4635: 4627: 4622: 4620: 4612: 4607: 4600: 4595: 4588: 4583: 4577:, p. 95. 4576: 4571: 4564: 4559: 4553:, p. 86. 4552: 4547: 4540: 4535: 4533: 4525: 4520: 4514:, p. 39. 4513: 4508: 4502:, p. 38. 4501: 4496: 4489: 4484: 4478:, p. 88. 4477: 4472: 4465: 4460: 4454:, p. 77. 4453: 4448: 4441: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4413:, p. 76. 4412: 4407: 4400: 4395: 4388: 4383: 4377:, p. 12. 4376: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4359: 4354: 4352: 4344: 4339: 4337: 4329: 4324: 4322: 4314: 4309: 4307: 4300:, p. 17. 4299: 4294: 4287: 4282: 4275: 4270: 4263: 4258: 4251: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4232: 4227: 4220: 4215: 4207: 4204:Rivaz, R. C. 4200: 4193: 4188: 4181: 4176: 4169: 4164: 4156: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4127: 4120: 4115: 4108: 4103: 4096: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4079: 4074: 4067: 4062: 4056:, p. 63. 4055: 4050: 4048: 4040: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4017:, p. 62. 4016: 4011: 4004: 3999: 3997: 3989: 3984: 3977: 3972: 3965: 3960: 3953: 3948: 3941: 3936: 3930:, p. 53. 3929: 3924: 3917: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3897:, p. 82. 3896: 3891: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3867: 3860: 3855: 3848: 3843: 3837:, p. 81. 3836: 3831: 3829: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3804: 3798:, p. 26. 3797: 3792: 3785: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3769:, p. 10. 3768: 3763: 3761: 3754:, p. 33. 3753: 3748: 3742:, p. 19. 3741: 3736: 3729: 3724: 3717: 3712: 3705: 3700: 3693: 3688: 3681: 3676: 3674: 3667:, p. 10. 3666: 3661: 3655:, p. 63. 3654: 3649: 3642: 3637: 3630: 3625: 3619:, p. 38. 3618: 3613: 3607:, p. 15. 3606: 3601: 3594: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3577: 3572: 3565: 3560: 3558: 3550: 3545: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3521: 3515:, p. 34. 3514: 3509: 3502: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3480:, p. 32. 3479: 3474: 3467: 3462: 3460: 3453:, p. 43. 3452: 3447: 3440: 3435: 3428: 3423: 3417:, p. 14. 3416: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3400:, p. 34. 3399: 3394: 3388:, p. 10. 3387: 3382: 3376:, p. 31. 3375: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3357:, p. 13. 3356: 3351: 3349: 3341: 3336: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3268:Wilhelmshaven 3262: 3259:Memorial for 3257: 3248: 3244: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3205: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3157: 3153: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3121: 3115: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3092: 3087: 3081: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3015: 3010: 3005: 2998: 2996: 2990: 2988: 2981: 2978: 2973: 2972: 2967: 2966: 2957: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2933:Convoy JW 55B 2928: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2898: 2890: 2889: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2864: 2862: 2861:Konteradmiral 2857: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2837: 2831: 2830:Eastern Front 2825: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2781: 2775: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2734: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2709: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2689: 2684:On 22 March, 2682: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2619: 2612: 2601: 2597: 2589: 2587: 2581: 2576: 2569: 2564: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2544: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2511: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2481:Adolf Galland 2478: 2477: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2420: 2418: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2402: 2396: 2394: 2386: 2376: 2373: 2368: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325:was serious. 2323: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2307:double bottom 2299: 2295: 2293: 2287: 2285: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2144: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2126:ordered that 2125: 2121: 2113: 2108: 2099: 2098:in May 1941. 2097: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2050: 2044: 2043:on 12 March. 2042: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1979:northwest of 1977: 1972: 1969: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1896: 1891: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1873:s commander, 1869: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1854:convoy HX 106 1851: 1850:Cape Farewell 1847: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1760: 1753: 1743: 1740: 1732: 1730: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1653: 1650: 1641: 1639: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1608: 1603: 1596: 1591: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1546:, 8 June 1940 1545: 1544: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519:hospital ship 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1414: 1408: 1402: 1397: 1391: 1389: 1383: 1378: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1359: 1352: 1350: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1330: 1329: 1321: 1319: 1313: 1312:Seetakt radar 1305: 1300: 1299: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1264: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1224: 1222: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1190: 1185: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1153: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1122: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1058: 1054: 1047: 1043: 1041: 1034: 1028: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1003: 998: 994: 993: 988: 987:Faroe Islands 984: 980: 979: 971: 969: 963: 961: 956: 951: 947: 943: 939: 938: 934: 930: 929: 924: 921: 917: 913: 912:Wilhelmshaven 909: 908: 903: 902: 898: 894: 893:Ersatz Elsass 889: 881: 877: 873: 869: 860: 858: 851: 849: 843: 840: 836: 832: 831: 830:Konteradmiral 826: 823: 819: 815: 811: 806: 795: 793: 792:conning tower 788: 784: 779: 774: 772: 771: 766: 765: 761: 757: 756:torpedo tubes 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 716: 713: 708: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 658:(32,600 657: 653: 649: 641: 637: 632: 622: 620: 618: 612: 611: 605: 601: 597: 592: 587: 583: 582: 578: 576: 570: 565: 561: 556: 553: 548: 547: 542: 541: 536: 535: 530: 527:and sank the 526: 525: 519: 514: 508: 503: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 476: 471: 469: 465: 461: 460:Wilhelmshaven 457: 456: 451: 450: 445: 441: 437: 436: 431: 427: 426:battlecruiser 423: 419: 416:was a German 415: 413: 403: 399: 396: 395: 392: 389: 385: 382: 381: 376:: 350 mm 375: 374:Conning tower 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 353: 352: 349: 348: 343: 342:torpedo tubes 339: 336: 332: 330: 326: 324: 320: 318: 314: 312: 308: 307: 306: 303: 302: 296: 293: 292: 291: 288: 287: 283: 279: 276: 275: 271: 268: 267: 264: 260: 256: 253: 252: 249: 245: 242:159,551 241: 238: 237: 233: 230: 229: 225: 222: 221: 217: 214: 213: 207: 204: 203: 202: 199: 198: 195: 192: 190: 186: 183: 182: 177: 173: 167: 138: 135: 134: 130: 126: 123: 120: 119: 115: 112: 111: 107: 104: 103: 99: 96: 95: 92: 89: 86: 85: 81: 78: 75: 74: 71: 68: 65: 64: 60: 48: 43: 39: 34: 29: 24: 19: 5854: 5846:January 1944 5799: 5788: 5778: 5757: 5751: 5741: 5730: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5702: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5675: 5664: 5658: 5652: 5645: 5635: 5625: 5615: 5604: 5598: 5587: 5576: 5565: 5560: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5532: 5522: 5515: 5504: 5493: 5487: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5379: 5369: 5367:(planned) / 5349: 5342: 5341: 5328: 5279: 5260: 5256: 5237: 5218:. Retrieved 5201:. Retrieved 5170: 5151: 5132: 5115: 5096: 5077: 5058: 5039: 5020: 5001: 4982: 4963: 4933:. Barnsley. 4930: 4911: 4892: 4870: 4851: 4832: 4815: 4796: 4777: 4758: 4739: 4720: 4684: 4672: 4660: 4648: 4606: 4594: 4582: 4570: 4558: 4546: 4519: 4507: 4495: 4483: 4471: 4459: 4447: 4435: 4406: 4394: 4382: 4293: 4281: 4269: 4257: 4226: 4214: 4205: 4199: 4187: 4175: 4163: 4144: 4138: 4126: 4114: 4102: 4073: 4061: 4034: 4022: 4010: 3983: 3971: 3959: 3947: 3935: 3923: 3890: 3878: 3866: 3854: 3842: 3815: 3803: 3791: 3747: 3735: 3723: 3711: 3699: 3687: 3660: 3648: 3636: 3624: 3612: 3600: 3595:, p. 9. 3571: 3544: 3539:, p. 9. 3532: 3520: 3508: 3473: 3468:, p. 8. 3446: 3434: 3422: 3393: 3381: 3335: 3328:Schmalenbach 3323: 3305: 3296: 3286: 3272: 3260: 3237: 3233: 3229:Duke of York 3228: 3216: 3209: 3199:Duke of York 3198: 3196: 3190: 3184: 3180: 3178: 3172:Duke of York 3171: 3168:Duke of York 3167: 3158: 3144:Duke of York 3143: 3134:Duke of York 3133: 3132:. At 16:50, 3125: 3117: 3114:Duke of York 3113: 3111: 3101: 3091:Duke of York 3090: 3071: 3067: 3051: 3038: 3026: 3013: 3003: 2992: 2984: 2982: 2970: 2965:Duke of York 2964: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2922:Bruce Fraser 2894: 2888:Duke of York 2887: 2865: 2860: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2827: 2806: 2801: 2791: 2777: 2769: 2738: 2730: 2729: 2713: 2705: 2697: 2693: 2685: 2683: 2672: 2668: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2617: 2607: 2583: 2570: 2558: 2546: 2542: 2540: 2535:Channel Dash 2526: 2501: 2488: 2474: 2469: 2461: 2452: 2444: 2436: 2434: 2426:minesweepers 2414: 2411:Channel Dash 2406: 2398: 2390: 2388: 2385:Channel Dash 2363: 2358: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2318: 2303: 2297: 2289: 2281: 2254: 2232: 2194: 2181: 2172: 2117: 2094: 2063: 2045: 2040: 2034: 2030: 2020: 2010: 1994: 1989: 1985:convoy SL 67 1965: 1956:West African 1950: 1944: 1938: 1923:West African 1920: 1915: 1890:Newfoundland 1878: 1874: 1863: 1858: 1846:Schlettstadt 1845: 1843: 1837: 1823: 1814: 1763: 1755: 1726: 1721:to make for 1714: 1692: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1662: 1654: 1635: 1631: 1621: 1617: 1601: 1594: 1578: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1542: 1536: 1522: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1493: 1487: 1483:Dithmarschen 1482: 1476: 1474: 1427: 1423: 1411:British, an 1398: 1385: 1381: 1361: 1357: 1346: 1332: 1327: 1315: 1297: 1293: 1287: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1235: 1230: 1218: 1212: 1181: 1154: 1126: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1079: 1071: 1069: 1060: 1056: 1045: 1037: 1020: 1007: 1001: 991: 977: 965: 964: 936: 926: 916:Adolf Hitler 906: 900: 892: 885: 871: 856: 845: 838: 829: 821: 813: 809: 801: 775: 769: 763: 746:and sixteen 720:main battery 717: 672:long overall 645: 639: 614: 610:Duke of York 609: 594:and several 586:Soviet Union 580: 574: 560:Channel Dash 557: 545: 539: 533: 523: 500: 486:World War II 472: 458:dockyard in 454: 448: 435:Kriegsmarine 433: 430:Nazi Germany 418:capital ship 409: 408: 337:C/30 or C/38 200:Displacement 188: 128: 124: 113:Commissioned 100:15 June 1935 69: 59:Nazi Germany 37: 18: 5876: / 5693:Scharnhorst 5466:John Harvey 5460:John Bascom 5343:Scharnhorst 5329:Scharnhorst 5257:Scharnhorst 4983:Scharnhorst 4704:Fenton, BBC 4206:Tail Gunner 3308:Scharnhorst 3295:HNoMS 3287:Sverdrup II 3261:Scharnhorst 3243:Scharnhorst 3224:Scharnhorst 3215:HNoMS 3204:Scharnhorst 3185:Scharnhorst 3181:Scharnhorst 3163:Scharnhorst 3152:Scharnhorst 3139:Scharnhorst 3130:star shells 3120:Scharnhorst 3102:Scharnhorst 3086:Scharnhorst 3080:Scharnhorst 3063:Scharnhorst 3057:Scharnhorst 3047:Scharnhorst 3041:Scharnhorst 3032:Scharnhorst 3022:Scharnhorst 3009:Scharnhorst 2995:Scharnhorst 2987:Scharnhorst 2977:Scharnhorst 2956:Scharnhorst 2927:Scharnhorst 2913:Scharnhorst 2903:Scharnhorst 2897:Scharnhorst 2874:Scharnhorst 2856:Scharnhorst 2851:Karl Dönitz 2847:Großadmiral 2836:Scharnhorst 2810:Scharnhorst 2797:Scharnhorst 2787:Scharnhorst 2780:Scharnhorst 2772:Scharnhorst 2752:Scharnhorst 2747:Spitzbergen 2733:Scharnhorst 2724:Scharnhorst 2718:Bear Island 2708:Scharnhorst 2700:steamed to 2688:Scharnhorst 2678:Scharnhorst 2660:Scharnhorst 2654:Scharnhorst 2644:Scharnhorst 2638:Prinz Eugen 2629:Prinz Eugen 2624:Scharnhorst 2611:Scharnhorst 2596:Scharnhorst 2586:Scharnhorst 2575:Scharnhorst 2561:Scharnhorst 2549:Scharnhorst 2527:Scharnhorst 2515:Scharnhorst 2504:Scharnhorst 2453:Prinz Eugen 2439:Scharnhorst 2417:Scharnhorst 2407:Prinz Eugen 2393:Scharnhorst 2333:Prinz Eugen 2322:Scharnhorst 2312:Scharnhorst 2298:Prinz Eugen 2284:Scharnhorst 2264:Scharnhorst 2257:Scharnhorst 2233:Prinz Eugen 2219:, eighteen 2212:Scharnhorst 2201:Scharnhorst 2195:Prinz Eugen 2185:Scharnhorst 2173:Prinz Eugen 2150:Scharnhorst 2137:Scharnhorst 2085:Scharnhorst 2079:Scharnhorst 2049:Scharnhorst 2026:Scharnhorst 1961:Scharnhorst 1927:Karl Dönitz 1911:Scharnhorst 1866:Scharnhorst 1838:Scharnhorst 1789:Scharnhorst 1783:Scharnhorst 1759:Scharnhorst 1739:Scharnhorst 1729:Scharnhorst 1717:Scharnhorst 1702:Scharnhorst 1695:Scharnhorst 1658:Scharnhorst 1649:Scharnhorst 1638:Scharnhorst 1627:Scharnhorst 1607:Scharnhorst 1584:Scharnhorst 1574:Scharnhorst 1537:Scharnhorst 1503:Oil Pioneer 1501:oil tanker 1446:Scharnhorst 1418:Scharnhorst 1401:Scharnhorst 1388:Scharnhorst 1371:Scharnhorst 1364:Scharnhorst 1349:Scharnhorst 1318:Scharnhorst 1288:Scharnhorst 1278:Vestfjorden 1263:Scharnhorst 1221:Scharnhorst 1189:Scharnhorst 1158:Scharnhorst 1149:Scharnhorst 1089:Scharnhorst 1063:Scharnhorst 1040:Scharnhorst 1033:Scharnhorst 1027:Scharnhorst 968:Scharnhorst 955:Scharnhorst 950:Fitting-out 946:World War I 937:Scharnhorst 888:Scharnhorst 872:Scharnhorst 848:Scharnhorst 818:Otto Ciliax 805:Scharnhorst 778:Scharnhorst 732:superfiring 728:gun turrets 712:Scharnhorst 648:Scharnhorst 640:Scharnhorst 617:Scharnhorst 606:battleship 591:Scharnhorst 572:joined the 569:Scharnhorst 552:Scharnhorst 507:Scharnhorst 491:Scharnhorst 475:Scharnhorst 412:Scharnhorst 294:56 officers 280:7,100 189:Scharnhorst 161: / 82:(1755–1813) 70:Scharnhorst 38:Scharnhorst 23:Scharnhorst 5897:1936 ships 5891:Categories 5599:Felixstowe 5494:Kembu Maru 5443:Shipwrecks 5004:. Casell. 4713:References 4689:Bowes, BBC 4375:Williamson 4262:Williamson 4097:, chpt. 2. 4066:Bredemeier 3976:Bredemeier 3964:Bredemeier 3952:Bredemeier 3767:Williamson 3728:Bredemeier 3704:Bredemeier 3629:Bredemeier 3617:Bredemeier 3593:Williamson 3549:Williamson 3466:Williamson 3415:Williamson 3281:, and the 3197:At 18:42, 3112:At 16:17, 3106:Scapa Flow 3006:picked up 2580:Jade Bight 2533:after the 2229:Wellington 2190:La Pallice 1981:Cape Verde 1810:Home Fleet 1794:Gotenhafen 1671:Royal Navy 1630:at 19:39. 1539:firing on 1486:to refuel 1331:firing at 1163:Baltic Sea 1130:left from 1100:Rawalpindi 1086:, ordered 1072:Rawalpindi 1070:By 17:16, 1057:Rawalpindi 1046:Rawalpindi 1021:Rawalpindi 960:sea trials 876:Kiel Canal 783:armor belt 674:and had a 604:Royal Navy 596:destroyers 501:Rawalpindi 422:battleship 289:Complement 254:Propulsion 194:battleship 5800:Worcester 5798:HMS 5740:HMS 5685:USS 5676:Hurricane 5674:HMS 5651:USS 5597:HMS 5586:USS 5521:HMS 5514:HMS 5350:Gneisenau 4949:cite book 3716:Brennecke 3653:Brennecke 3641:Brennecke 2950:Sheffield 2886:HMS 2702:Altafjord 2665:Bogen Bay 2487:) during 2465:Erich Bey 2458:Cherbourg 2447:Gneisenau 2401:Gneisenau 2372:Gneisenau 2328:Gneisenau 2292:Gneisenau 2238:Gneisenau 2168:Gneisenau 2162:Gneisenau 2156:Gneisenau 2143:Gneisenau 2069:Gneisenau 2055:Gneisenau 2036:Uckermark 2016:Gneisenau 1968:Gneisenau 1901:Gneisenau 1895:Gneisenau 1884:Gneisenau 1879:Ramillies 1859:Ramillies 1848:south of 1805:Gneisenau 1799:Gneisenau 1777:Gneisenau 1766:Gneisenau 1723:Stavanger 1685:Ark Royal 1680:Ark Royal 1663:Huaskaran 1634:also hit 1613:Gneisenau 1590:Gneisenau 1541:HMS 1492:HMT 1438:and nine 1413:Arado 196 1407:Gneisenau 1377:Gneisenau 1342:Gneisenau 1335:Gneisenau 1304:Gneisenau 1269:Gneisenau 1255:Glowworm, 1240:HMS 1204:Trondheim 1195:Gneisenau 1144:Shetlands 1132:Devonport 1127:Dunkerque 1104:Newcastle 1095:Newcastle 1082:Gneisenau 1078:, aboard 1013:Skagerrak 978:Gneisenau 787:magazines 668:full load 656:long tons 652:displaced 608:HMS 532:HMS 522:HMS 513:Gneisenau 499:HMS 494:sank the 481:Gneisenau 449:Gneisenau 444:her class 440:lead ship 97:Laid down 5796:23 Dec: 5786:13 Dec: 5776:13 Dec: 5738:31 Dec: 5728:29 Dec: 5700:28 Dec: 5687:Brownson 5683:26 Dec: 5672:25 Dec: 5643:24 Dec: 5633:22 Dec: 5623:21 Dec: 5612:20 Dec: 5605:Numakaze 5595:18 Dec: 5584:17 Dec: 5574:16 Dec: 5561:Aquileia 5558:15 Dec: 5530:13 Dec: 5523:Tynedale 5516:Holcombe 5512:12 Dec: 5501:11 Dec: 5478:Testbank 5380:Bismarck 5374:(actual) 5124:20229353 4891:(1990). 4476:Jacobsen 4452:Sweetman 4411:Sweetman 4003:Paterson 3451:Campbell 3210:Scorpion 3108:, Orkney 2792:Tirpitz. 2497:Spitfire 2489:Cerberus 2337:Bismarck 2225:Blenheim 2206:Stirling 2188:went to 2095:Bismarck 2031:Marathon 1916:Lustrous 1792:went to 1618:Glorious 1602:Glorious 1595:Glorious 1579:Glorious 1556:Glorious 1543:Glorious 1515:Atlantis 1459:catapult 1247:Glowworm 1242:Glowworm 1140:B-Dienst 1134:towards 764:Nürnberg 722:of nine 707:flagship 704:squadron 575:Bismarck 534:Glorious 402:catapult 304:Armament 139:Sunk at 105:Launched 76:Namesake 5864:28°41′E 5861:72°16′N 5742:Clacton 5626:Norhauk 5485:4 Dec: 5451:2 Dec: 4824:1277226 3895:Murfett 3883:Murfett 3835:Murfett 3238:Belfast 3234:Jamaica 3126:Belfast 3072:Norfolk 3068:Norfolk 3052:Belfast 3027:Norfolk 3014:Belfast 3004:Belfast 2971:Jamaica 2944:Belfast 2938:Norfolk 2842:Tirpitz 2762:X-craft 2739:Tirpitz 2714:Tirpitz 2694:Tirpitz 2673:Tirpitz 2462:Kapitän 2342:Tirpitz 2243:Halifax 2223:and 36 2221:Hampden 2041:Ermland 1935:U-boats 1527:Harstad 1494:Juniper 1290:in port 1276:in the 1274:Lofoten 1136:Iceland 1008:Leipzig 997:U-boats 944:during 874:in the 781:had an 770:Leipzig 686:geared 654:32,100 581:Tirpitz 562:up the 391:Ar 196A 368:Turrets 261:geared 149:28°41′E 146:72°16′N 87:Builder 45:History 5731:Protée 5646:Dumana 5588:APc-21 5567:Nevada 5503:V 602 5472:Norlom 5370:Bayern 5286: 5267: 5244: 5220:2 July 5203:2 July 5177: 5158: 5139: 5122: 5103: 5084: 5065: 5046: 5027: 5008: 4989: 4970: 4937: 4918: 4899: 4877: 4858: 4839: 4822: 4803: 4784: 4765: 4746: 4727: 4464:Rohwer 4286:Hooton 4274:Hooton 4151: 4054:Rohwer 4015:Rohwer 3928:Rohwer 3796:Rohwer 3740:Rohwer 3605:Rohwer 3576:Bekker 3537:Rohwer 3513:Bekker 3478:Gröner 3427:Dönitz 3374:Gröner 3355:Breyer 2947:, and 2908:Enigma 2869:Tromsø 2802:Lützow 2698:Lützow 2696:, and 2669:Lützow 2649:Bergen 2633:Lützow 2451:, and 2348:Lützow 2064:Rodney 2060:prizes 2021:Malaya 2011:Malaya 1995:Malaya 1990:Malaya 1929:, the 1840:at sea 1820:squall 1796:while 1675:Rodney 1632:Acasta 1622:Acasta 1568:Acasta 1562:Ardent 1529:area. 1382:Renown 1358:Renown 1328:Renown 1298:Renown 1200:Narvik 1115:Rodney 1109:Nelson 901:Elsass 625:Design 546:Ardent 540:Acasta 524:Renown 215:Length 191:-class 5789:U-345 5758:U-972 5659:U-645 5653:Leary 5636:Niobe 5616:U-850 5551:U-593 5545:U-391 5539:U-172 5488:Chūyō 5382:class 5372:class 5216:. BBC 5199:. BBC 4575:Busch 4551:Busch 4524:Busch 4512:Busch 4500:Busch 4488:Busch 4440:Grove 4027:Blair 3988:Blair 3665:Grove 3525:Blair 3439:Busch 3398:Busch 3386:Busch 3340:Busch 3316:Notes 3264:' 3217:Stord 3147:' 3075:' 3017:' 3000:' 2960:' 2766:mines 2618:U-523 2591:' 2566:' 2554:' 2422:' 2074:Brest 2006:U-124 2000:U-105 1976:U-124 1951:U-124 1945:U-106 1939:U-105 1871:' 1824:Adria 1815:Naiad 1734:' 1643:' 1598:' 1511:Orama 1393:' 1354:' 1323:' 1308:' 1226:' 1049:' 973:' 853:' 700:knots 680:draft 662:) at 428:, of 388:Arado 350:Armor 327:16 × 321:14 × 315:12 × 277:Range 269:Speed 231:Draft 121:Motto 5829:1944 5821:1943 5813:1942 5779:Mars 5752:S-55 5703:Axum 5577:U-73 5284:ISBN 5265:ISBN 5242:ISBN 5222:2012 5205:2012 5175:ISBN 5156:ISBN 5137:ISBN 5120:OCLC 5101:ISBN 5082:ISBN 5063:ISBN 5044:ISBN 5025:ISBN 5006:ISBN 4987:ISBN 4968:ISBN 4955:link 4935:ISBN 4916:ISBN 4897:ISBN 4875:ISBN 4856:ISBN 4837:ISBN 4820:OCLC 4801:ISBN 4782:ISBN 4763:ISBN 4744:ISBN 4725:ISBN 4387:Kemp 4298:Weal 4149:ISBN 3236:and 3213:and 3066:hit 2920:and 2631:and 2531:Kiel 2367:Oboe 2357:and 2331:and 2288:and 2249:and 2235:and 2140:and 2039:and 2003:and 1964:and 1948:and 1908:and 1610:and 1565:and 1517:, a 1455:Kiel 1404:and 1374:and 1266:and 1202:and 1192:and 1121:Hood 1112:and 1102:and 1005:and 1002:Köln 767:and 676:beam 543:and 510:and 478:and 362:Deck 356:Belt 309:9 × 223:Beam 170:the 136:Fate 66:Name 5721:Z27 5715:T26 5709:T25 3302:ROV 3297:Tyr 3279:NRK 3275:BBC 2543:Z29 2529:in 2470:Z29 1954:to 1906:GRT 1875:KzS 1499:GRT 1453:in 910:in 857:KzS 839:KzS 822:KzS 814:KzS 692:shp 442:of 432:'s 424:or 282:nmi 244:shp 5893:: 5755:, 5718:, 5712:, 5706:, 5690:, 5662:, 5656:, 5649:, 5602:, 5564:, 5548:, 5542:, 5536:, 5519:, 5491:, 5475:, 5469:, 5463:, 5457:, 4951:}} 4947:{{ 4696:^ 4633:^ 4618:^ 4531:^ 4418:^ 4365:^ 4350:^ 4335:^ 4320:^ 4305:^ 4238:^ 4085:^ 4046:^ 3995:^ 3902:^ 3827:^ 3774:^ 3759:^ 3672:^ 3583:^ 3556:^ 3485:^ 3458:^ 3405:^ 3362:^ 3347:^ 3277:, 2941:, 2935:, 2840:; 2737:, 2712:, 2692:, 2512:. 2473:. 2443:, 2397:, 2122:, 1997:. 1942:, 1918:. 1780:, 1310:s 1301:. 1174:. 948:. 816:) 709:, 696:kW 588:. 400:1 386:3 257:3 248:kW 5429:e 5422:t 5415:v 5320:e 5313:t 5306:v 5292:. 5273:. 5250:. 5224:. 5207:. 5183:. 5164:. 5145:. 5126:. 5109:. 5090:. 5071:. 5052:. 5033:. 5014:. 4995:. 4976:. 4957:) 4943:. 4924:. 4905:. 4883:. 4864:. 4845:. 4826:. 4809:. 4790:. 4771:. 4752:. 4733:. 4706:. 4691:. 4157:. 1971:. 878:( 812:( 660:t 131:) 127:( 25:.

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German battleship Scharnhorst

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