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unrealistic. Rossellini stated that he wanted to "tell a story of a child, of an innocent creature which a distorted 'utopian' education induced to commit murder in the belief that he was performing a heroic gesture. But a feeble light of morality is not yet extinguished in him; driven by those small gleams of conscious, confused, he commits suicide." Jean
Georges Auriol called it hasty and superficial.
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acrobat named Edmund
Meschke and immediately asked Meschke to audition for him. Rossellini combed Meschke's hair to resemble his son and, amazed at the physical resemblance, immediately cast him in the lead role. The finished film began with the title "This film is dedicated to the memory of my son Romano. — Roberto Rossellini"
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anyone. When Edmund tries to join younger children in a street game of soccer, they reject him. He ascends the ruins of a bombed out building, and watches from a hole in the wall as they take his father's coffin away across the street. Finally, after hearing his sister call for him, he jumps from the building to his death.
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relieves some of the pressure on his family. When Edmund goes to see his father, the old man bemoans his misery. He tells his son that he has considered suicide but lacks the courage to carry it out. He says that he is a burden and that it would be better if he were dead. Edmund steals some poison while no one is looking.
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Shooting began on 15 August 1947 with no formal script and
Rossellini instructing the actors to improvise their dialogue. Rossellini directed the film in French and had to depend on Max Colpet to translate for him throughout shooting. While filming on location in the streets of Berlin, Rossellini was
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A disturbed Edmund wanders the city. He turns first to
Christl, but she is busy with young men and has no time for or interest in a youngster. He goes to Henning and confesses that he did as the schoolteacher had suggested, murdering his father, but Henning protests that he never told the boy to kill
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When the German actors arrived in Rome they had to wait until
November to resume filming because the film's sets had not been built. By November the previously malnourished Germans had gained a noticeable amount of weight while in Rome and had to be put on crash diets so as to retain continuity with
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to sell to the occupying soldiers, entrusting him to the more experienced Jo and
Christl. Henning gives Edmund 10 marks for his work. Afterward, Edmund tags along as the young man Jo steals 40 marks from a woman by pretending to sell her a bar of soap. Jo gives Edmund some of his stolen potatoes and
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This film was in many ways vastly different from
Rossellini's previous neorealism films, in that it was mostly shot in a studio and used rear screen projections for the Berlin scenes. Many critics who had previously championed Rossellini condemned the film for being melodramatic and disappointingly
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For the lead role of Edmund, Rossellini wanted to find a young German boy who physically resembled his recently deceased son Romano
Rossellini. After auditioning several young boys, Rossellini went to a performance of the Barlay circus one night to see the elephants. There he saw an eleven-year-old
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As was his usual custom, Rossellini cast the film with non-professionals that he met on the street. Rossellini found Ernst
Pittschau sitting on the front steps of a retirement home and discovered that he had been a silent film actor forty years earlier. He saw former ballet dancer Ingetraud Hinze
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herself. Karl-Heinz is the older son who fought in the war and is a burden to the struggling family, refusing to register with the police and get a ration card because he is afraid of what would happen if they found out he fought to the bitter end. The Köhlers and others have been assigned to the
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After Mr. Köhler takes a turn for the worse, Henning tells Edmund that life is cruel and that the weak should be sacrificed so that the strong can survive. A kindly doctor manages to get Mr. Köhler admitted to a hospital, where he receives much more plentiful and healthy food. This temporarily
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A few days later, the father is discharged and returns home. Edmund poisons his tea just before police raid the apartment and Karl-Heinz finally turns himself in. The father dies while his elder son is in custody. Everyone assumes the death is due to malnutrition and sickness. When Karl-Heinz
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Most
Germans disliked the film's negative and pessimistic attitude. The film was first screened in Germany in 1952 at a brief Munich film club screening and was not seen again until it was shown on German TV in 1978. In 1949 Austrian film critic
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amazed by the indifference to a film crew from people on the streets who were far too preoccupied with attempting to get food and survive. When Rossellini went to Rome for a week in the middle of shooting to spend time with his then mistress
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called it "a terrifying film...not artistically, but because it would be terrifying if the world saw the new Germany as Rossellini does." It premiered in New York in September 1949 and was negatively compared to
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their earlier scenes. After filming in Rome was complete most of the German actors didn't want to go back to Berlin and a few ran away to the Italian countryside. The film's final budget was $ 115,000.
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and Alfredo Guarini. He also got equipment and crew members from the German company Sadfi. Rossellini then returned to Berlin in July 1947 to continue research for the film and select a suitable cast.
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with his ailing, bedridden father and his adult siblings, Eva and Karl-Heinz. Eva manages to obtain cigarettes by going out with soldiers of the Allied forces, but she resists others' expectations to
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directed some scenes in his absence. In mid-September location shooting in Berlin wrapped after 40 days and the production moved to Rome on 26 September 1947 to film the interior scenes.
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said it was "the most beautiful Italian film" he had ever seen. Rossellini said that "I don't think it's possible to say more bad things about a film than were said about
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Rossellini visited Berlin in March 1947 with a vague idea of making this film. Rossellini then returned to Rome and secured funding for the film from the French company
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standing in a food line and was struck with the look of despair on her face. Franz-Otto KrĂĽger came from a family of academics and had been imprisoned by the
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general, an ex-wrestler, a literature and art history professor, a model and a group of children that were bored of living on the streets.
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leaves the inexperienced boy with Christl, whom another member of their gang describes as a mattress that dispenses cigarettes.
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Edmund does what he can for his family, trying to find work and selling a scale for Mr. Rademacher on the
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called it "not a movie but a sketch, a rough draft of a work Rossellini hasn't given us." However,
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apartment home of the Rademachers by the housing authority, much to Mr. Rademacher's irritation.
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and intended to convey the reality in Germany the year after its near total destruction in
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said that the film had "a strange emptiness of genuine feeling." Nevertheless it won the
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films, Rossellini used mainly local, non-professional actors. He filmed on locations in
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Gallagher, Tag (Winter 1988). "NR = MC: Rossellini, 'Neo-Realism,' and Croce".
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915:, ed. Trans: Annapaola Cancogni. New York : Marsilio Publishers, 1992.
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during the war. Other smaller parts were cast with such people as a former
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Edmund Moeschke as Edmund Köhler (as Edmund Meschke)
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409:Twelve-year-old Edmund Köhler lives in devastated,
469:Erich GĂĽhne as Herr Henning, the (former) teacher
460:Ingetraud Hinze as Eva Köhler (as Ingetraud Hinz)
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960:Germany Year Zero: The Humanity of the Defeated
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51:introducing citations to additional sources
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996:
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122:
647:
245:Produzione Salvo D'Angelo and Tevere Film
41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1824:Why Has Bodhi-Dharma Left for the East?
886:. Trans. Elizabeth Cameron. New York:
832:
2122:
2083:Vengeance Is Mine, All Others Pay Cash
656:(1). Indiana University Press: 87–97.
466:as Karl-Heinz Köhler (as Franz Grüger)
1306:
977:
676:The Adventures of Roberto Rossellini.
2160:Films directed by Roberto Rossellini
438:returns, he is crushed by the news.
18:
1728:Antonio Gramsci: The Days of Prison
587:Locarno International Film Festival
13:
909:My Method: Writings and Interviews
865:
14:
2221:
1133:(segment: "Ingrid Bergman", 1953)
919:
478:
2205:Films scored by Renzo Rossellini
1736:The Idlers of the Fertile Valley
1234:The Taking of Power by Louis XIV
1109:(segment: "Envie, L'Envy", 1952)
485:Union Générale Cinématographique
34:relies largely or entirely on a
23:
1381:When Willie Comes Marching Home
840:"Winners of the Golden Leopard"
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814:
805:
796:
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770:World Film Directors, Volume 2.
750:
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16:1948 film by Roberto Rossellini
1931:Off to the Revolution by a 2CV
1229:(segment: "Illibatezza", 1963)
1141:(segment: "Napoli 1943", 1954)
1114:The Machine to Kill Bad People
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1:
2140:Italian black-and-white films
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550:called it revolutionary, and
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354:) is a 1948 film directed by
1856:The Place on a Grey Tricorne
1645:They Have Changed Their Face
1334:Golden Leopard winning films
607:"Germania, Anno Zero (1948)"
536:
7:
2135:1940s German-language films
1904:Skin of Man, Heart of Beast
1808:Distant Voices, Still Lives
10:
2226:
1266:L'etĂ di Cosimo de' Medici
1098:The Flowers of St. Francis
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1469:The Emperor's Nightingale
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2170:Italian neorealist films
1349:And Then There Were None
380:Allied invasion of Italy
1701:The Son of Amir Is Dead
1525:Transport from Paradise
1453:The Sheep Has Five Legs
1170:Giovanna d'Arco al rogo
902:Oxford University Press
445:
404:
376:Allied-occupied Germany
2165:Golden Leopard winners
1776:Stranger Than Paradise
1581:Those Who Wear Glasses
1573:Charles, Dead or Alive
1373:The Farm of Seven Sins
611:British Film Institute
411:Allied-occupied Berlin
349:
2180:Films about patricide
2155:Films shot in Germany
2043:Right Now, Wrong Then
2019:The Girl from Nowhere
1637:On the Point of Death
1549:Courage for Every Day
1106:The Seven Deadly Sins
907:Rossellini, Roberto.
2185:Films about children
2145:Films set in Germany
1597:No Path Through Fire
1186:General Della Rovere
1042:The Man with a Cross
969:Criterion Collection
877:Les Editions du Cerf
773:H. W. Wilson Company
62:"Germany, Year Zero"
47:improve this article
2210:1940s Italian films
2200:Italian drama films
2190:Films about suicide
2150:Films set in Berlin
2035:From What Is Before
1541:Four in the Morning
1485:Ten North Frederick
1405:The Composer Glinka
1752:To Love the Damned
1509:Fires on the Plain
1365:Germany, Year Zero
1178:India: Matri Bhumi
1082:Germany, Year Zero
1006:Roberto Rossellini
1004:Films directed by
965:Jonathan Rosenbaum
949:Germany, Year Zero
943:TCM Movie Database
938:Germany, Year Zero
927:Germany, Year Zero
898:Roberto Rossellini
884:Roberto Rossellini
873:Roberto Rossellini
829:Gallagher. p. 336.
820:Gallagher. p. 295.
811:Gallagher. p. 245.
802:Gallagher. p. 266.
793:Gallagher. p. 251.
784:Gallagher. p. 288.
756:Gallagher. p. 243.
747:Gallagher. p. 241.
738:Gallagher. p. 246.
729:Gallagher. p. 242.
720:Gallagher. p. 240.
708:Gallagher. p. 237.
699:Gallagher. p. 235.
638:Gallagher. p. 244.
356:Roberto Rossellini
351:Germania anno zero
341:Germany, Year Zero
184:Roberto Rossellini
164:Roberto Rossellini
155:Roberto Rossellini
141:Germania anno zero
117:Germany, Year Zero
2195:Films about Nazis
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2027:Story of My Death
1792:Jezioro Bodeńskie
1300:
1299:
1258:Agostino d'Ippona
1146:Where Is Freedom?
1138:Mid-Century Loves
882:Guarner, Jose L.
871:Serceau, Michel.
556:Germany Year Zero
464:Franz-Otto KrĂĽger
372:Germany Year Zero
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201:Franz-Otto KrĂĽger
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2175:1948 drama films
1832:Accidental Waltz
1693:Tűzoltó utca 25.
1685:The Illumination
1589:Three Sad Tigers
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613:. Archived from
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548:L'Écran français
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2003:Winter Vacation
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1629:End of the Road
1565:The Visionaries
1557:Entranced Earth
1501:Il bell'Antonio
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1194:Escape by Night
1050:Rome, Open City
1034:A Pilot Returns
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775:. 1987. p. 962.
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617:on May 12, 2016
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583:Best Director
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527:Carlo Lizzani
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64: –
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58:Find sources:
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36:single source
32:This article
30:
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2011:Back to Stay
2009:
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1971:Das Fräulein
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1947:Khamosh Pani
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1923:2001–present
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1840:Johnny Suede
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1768:The Princess
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1661:Private Road
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1429:Gate of Hell
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963:an essay by
959:
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937:
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913:Adriano AprĂ
908:
900:. New York:
897:
883:
872:
852:. Retrieved
848:the original
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650:Film History
649:
643:
619:. Retrieved
615:the original
610:
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568:
560:
555:
547:
540:
531:
523:Anna Magnani
519:
510:
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482:
440:
436:
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423:black market
420:
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399:Nazi Germany
395:World War II
384:
371:
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340:
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338:
283:Running time
260:Release date
140:
103:January 2019
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
33:
1979:The Rebirth
1939:The Longing
1848:Autumn Moon
1784:Alpine Fire
1653:The Friends
1533:Black Peter
1290:The Messiah
1226:Ro.Go.Pa.G.
544:Andre Bazin
385:As in many
254:G.D.B. Film
204:Erich GĂĽhne
177:Produced by
151:Directed by
2130:1948 films
2124:Categories
1987:Parque via
1963:Nine Lives
1888:The Mirror
1517:The Winner
1437:Wild Fruit
1218:Anima nera
1122:Europe '51
854:2012-08-12
678:New York:
621:10 October
593:References
474:Production
415:prostitute
387:neorealist
287:78 minutes
271:1948-12-01
238:Production
161:Written by
73:newspapers
2059:Mrs. Fang
1712:1976–2000
1341:1946–1975
1274:Cartesius
1202:Garibaldi
1090:Stromboli
875:. Paris:
690:. p. 230.
589:in 1948.
564:Hans Habe
537:Reception
506:Wehrmacht
333:$ 115,000
312:Languages
292:Countries
240:companies
217:Edited by
167:Max Kolpé
43:talk page
2091:Regra 34
1896:Mr. Zhao
1744:The Herd
1621:Soleil O
1477:Il Grido
1445:Rotation
1282:Anno uno
1242:Socrates
682:. 1998.
581:and the
227:Music by
189:Starring
2051:Godless
1955:Private
1864:Khomreh
1074:L'Amore
967:at the
941:at the
904:, 1987.
890:, 1970.
888:Praeger
879:, 1986.
844:Locarno
662:3814951
516:Filming
502:Gestapo
495:Casting
346:Italian
320:English
304:Germany
269: (
136:Italian
87:scholar
2110:(2024)
2102:(2023)
2094:(2022)
2086:(2021)
2078:(2019)
2070:(2018)
2062:(2017)
2054:(2016)
2046:(2015)
2038:(2014)
2030:(2013)
2022:(2012)
2014:(2011)
2006:(2010)
1998:(2009)
1990:(2008)
1982:(2007)
1974:(2006)
1966:(2005)
1958:(2004)
1950:(2003)
1942:(2002)
1934:(2001)
1915:(2000)
1912:Father
1907:(1999)
1899:(1998)
1891:(1997)
1883:(1996)
1875:(1995)
1867:(1994)
1859:(1993)
1851:(1992)
1843:(1991)
1835:(1990)
1827:(1989)
1819:(1988)
1811:(1988)
1803:(1987)
1800:O Bobo
1795:(1986)
1787:(1985)
1779:(1984)
1771:(1983)
1763:(1981)
1760:Chakra
1755:(1980)
1747:(1979)
1739:(1978)
1731:(1977)
1723:(1976)
1704:(1975)
1696:(1974)
1688:(1973)
1680:(1972)
1672:(1971)
1664:(1971)
1656:(1971)
1648:(1971)
1640:(1971)
1632:(1970)
1624:(1970)
1616:(1970)
1608:(1970)
1605:Lilika
1600:(1969)
1592:(1969)
1584:(1969)
1576:(1969)
1568:(1968)
1560:(1967)
1552:(1966)
1544:(1965)
1536:(1964)
1528:(1963)
1520:(1962)
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1496:(1959)
1488:(1958)
1480:(1957)
1472:(1955)
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1456:(1954)
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1408:(1953)
1400:(1953)
1392:(1952)
1389:Hunted
1384:(1950)
1376:(1949)
1368:(1948)
1360:(1947)
1352:(1946)
1293:(1975)
1285:(1974)
1277:(1973)
1269:(1973)
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1245:(1971)
1237:(1966)
1221:(1962)
1213:(1961)
1205:(1961)
1197:(1960)
1189:(1959)
1181:(1959)
1173:(1954)
1165:(1954)
1157:(1954)
1149:(1954)
1125:(1952)
1117:(1952)
1101:(1950)
1093:(1950)
1085:(1948)
1077:(1948)
1069:(1946)
1066:Paisan
1061:(1946)
1058:Desire
1053:(1945)
1045:(1943)
1037:(1942)
1029:(1941)
1021:(1939)
686:
660:
427:Hitler
391:Berlin
330:Budget
324:French
316:German
301:France
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
2107:Toxic
658:JSTOR
367:PaisĂ
298:Italy
94:JSTOR
80:books
1613:Mujo
1162:Fear
932:IMDb
684:ISBN
623:2022
446:Cast
405:Plot
364:and
66:news
1872:RaĂŻ
952:at
930:at
558:."
49:by
2126::
911:.
896:.
842:.
761:^
713:^
652:.
631:^
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348::
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344:(
273:)
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
53:.
39:.
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