175:
244:
1156:. Instead of all nodes being considered equal, nodes entering the network were kept at the 'edge' of the network, as a leaf. Leaves don't provide routing. Nodes which are capable of routing messages are promoted to ultrapeers. Ultrapeers accept leaf connections and route searches and network maintenance messages. This allows searches to propagate further through the network and allows for numerous alterations in topology. This greatly improved efficiency and scalability.
73:
32:
1080:-slots) plus their own QRT (if they share files) and exchange that with their own neighbors. Query routing is then done by hashing the words of the query and seeing whether all of them match in the QRT. Ultrapeers do that check before forwarding a query to a leaf node, and also before forwarding the query to a peer ultra node provided this is the last hop the query can travel.
1045:. Once connected, the client requests a list of working addresses. The client tries to connect to the nodes it was shipped with, as well as nodes it receives from other clients until it reaches a certain quota. It connects to only that many nodes, locally caching the addresses which it has not yet tried and discarding the addresses which it tried and found to be invalid.
1021:
1083:
If a search request turns up a result, the node that has the result contacts the searcher. In the classic
Gnutella protocol, response messages were sent back along the route taken by the query, as the query itself did not contain identifying information for the node. This scheme was later revised, to
1132:
In practice, this method of searching on the
Gnutella network was often unreliable. Each node is a regular computer user; as such, they are constantly connecting and disconnecting, so the network is never completely stable. Also, the bandwidth cost of searching on Gnutella grew exponentially to the
1235:
There are efforts to finalize these protocol extensions in the
Gnutella 0.6 specification, at the Gnutella protocol development website. The Gnutella 0.4 standard is outdated but it remains the latest protocol specification because all extensions, so far, exist as proposals. In fact, it is hard or
1124:
to a leaf on behalf of the client. Normally, it is also possible to send a push request over UDP to the push proxy, which is more efficient than using TCP. Push proxies have two advantages: First, ultrapeer-leaf connections are more stable than routes. This makes push requests much more reliable.
1159:
Additionally, gnutella adopted a number of other techniques to reduce traffic overhead and make searches more efficient. Most notable are Query
Routing Protocol (QRP) and Dynamic Querying (DQ). With QRP, a search reaches only those clients which are likely to have the files, so searches for rare
3194:
1048:
When the user wants to do a search, the client sends the request to each actively connected node. In version 0.4 of the protocol, the number of actively connected nodes for a client was quite small (around 5). In that version of the protocol, each node forwards the request to all its actively
1128:
Finally, when a user disconnects, the client software saves a list of known nodes. This contains the nodes to which the client was connected and the nodes learned from pong packets. The client uses that as its seed list, when it next starts, thus becoming independent of bootstrap services.
2897:. However, Gnutella replaced query flooding with more efficient search methods, starting with Query Routing in 2002. This was proposed in 2001 by Limewire developers. An advantage of Gnutella is its large user base, which numbers in the millions. The G2 network is approximately an
1211:
The development of the
Gnutella protocol is currently led by the Gnutella Developers Forum (The GDF). Many protocol extensions have been and are being developed by the software vendors and by the free Gnutella developers of the GDF. These extensions include intelligent query routing,
1056:
Since version 0.6 (2002), Gnutella is a composite network made of leaf nodes and ultra nodes (also called ultrapeers). The leaf nodes are connected to a small number of ultrapeers (typically 3) while each ultrapeer is connected to more than 32 other ultrapeers. With this higher
1168:, where the entire network relied on the central server, Gnutella cannot be shut down by shutting down any one node. A decentralized network prevents bad actors from taking control of the contents of the network and/or manipulating data by controlling the central server.
890:. The initial popularity of the network was spurred on by Napster's threatened legal demise in early 2001. This growing surge in popularity revealed the limits of the initial protocol's scalability. In early 2001, variations on the protocol (first implemented in
1243:
The
Gnutella protocol remains under development. Despite attempts to make a clean break with the complexity inherited from the old Gnutella 0.4 and to design a clean new message architecture, it remains one of the most successful file-sharing protocols to date.
943:, the brand name of an Italian hazelnut flavored spread: supposedly, Frankel and Pepper ate a lot of Nutella working on the original project, and intended to license their finished program under the GNU General Public License. Gnutella is not associated with the
1133:
number of connected users, often saturating connections and rendering slower nodes useless. Therefore, search requests would often be dropped, and most queries reached only a very small part of the network. This observation identified the
Gnutella network as an
3178:
809:
In June 2005, Gnutella's population was 1.81 million computers increasing to over three million nodes by
January 2006. In late 2007, it was the most popular file-sharing network on the Internet with an estimated market share of more than 40%.
2884:
name conveys an upgrade or superiority, which led to a flame war. Other criticism included the use of the
Gnutella network to bootstrap G2 peers and poor documentation of the G2 protocol. Additionally, the more frequent search retries of the
2892:
Both protocols have undergone significant changes since the fork in 2002. G2 has advantages and disadvantages compared to
Gnutella. An advantage often cited is that Gnutella2's hybrid search is more efficient than the original Gnutella's
1163:
One of the benefits of having Gnutella so decentralized is to make it very difficult to shut the network down and to make it a network in which the users are the only ones who can decide which content will be available. Unlike
2941:
1111:
the file). At first, these push requests were routed along the original chain it used to send the query. This was rather unreliable because routes would often break and routed packets are always subject to flow control.
1036:
and find at least one other node. Various methods have been used for this, including a pre-existing address list of possibly working nodes shipped with the software, using updated web caches of known nodes (called
849:
The next day, AOL stopped the availability of the program over legal concerns and restrained Nullsoft from doing any further work on the project. This did not stop Gnutella; after a few days, the protocol had been
875:, who launched the first portal aimed to assemble the open-source community to work on Gnutella and also developed "GNUbile", one of the first open-source (GNU-GPL) programs to implement the Gnutella protocol.
2875:
The Gnutella2 protocol (often referred to as G2), despite its name, is not a successor protocol of Gnutella nor related to the original Gnutella project, but rather is a completely different protocol that
1103:, the querying node can connect to it directly. However, if the node is firewalled, stopping the source node from receiving incoming connections, the client wanting to download a file sends it a so-called
2610:
As GWCs had a history of problems with traffic overload and long-term reliability, UDP host caches became the preferred bootstrap method; though some GWCs remain available for the sake of older software.
1160:
files become far more efficient. With DQ, the search stops as soon as the program has acquired enough search results. This vastly reduces the amount of traffic caused by popular searches.
2949:
3018:
1076:-slots consisting of hashed keywords. A leaf node sends its QRT to each of the ultrapeers to which it is connected, and ultrapeers merge the QRT of all their leaves (downsized to 128
966:
3429:
2860:
5.6.1 alpha, thus has similar features minus automatic updates (with nags) and centralized remote controls to disable core functions like searches and downloads were removed.
973:
to which recording industry plaintiffs and LimeWire had agreed. This event was the likely cause of a notable drop in the size of the network, because, while negotiating the
3043:
3378:
In the wake of the LimeWire shutdown, the percentage of U.S. Internet users who access P2P file-sharing services dropped about 7 percent from all-time high in 2007...
1116:
were introduced to address this problem. These are usually the ultrapeers of a leaf node and they are announced in search results. The client connects to one of these
2601:
protocol provides NAT-to-NAT transfers, sometimes called Firewall-to-Firewall or "hole-punching", in cases where port-forwarding is not or cannot be done by the user.
4070:
4051:
913:, a commercial file sharing group, abandoned its FastTrack-based peer-to-peer software and released a new client based on the free and open source Gnutella client
2901:
smaller. It is difficult to compare the protocols in their current form. The choice of client, on either network, probably affects the end user just as much.
4032:
3073:
3102:
2575:
Refers to direct client-to-client chat; not IRC chat, which is often also available in the same application through an embedded HTTP browser window.
1236:
impossible to connect today with 0.4 handshakes. According to developers in the GDF, version 0.6 is what new developers should pursue using the
806:
protocol. Founded in 2000, it was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later networks adopting the model.
3745:
3015:
786:
1092:
and port number of either node. This lowers the amount of traffic routed through the Gnutella network, making it significantly more scalable.
1252:
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of applications supporting the Gnutella network. The tables do
985:
into the software. As the injunction came into force, users who had installed affected versions (newer than 5.5.10) were cut off from the
3469:
1088:, directly to the node that initiated the search, usually an ultrapeer of the node. Thus, in the current protocol, the queries carry the
3498:
2668:-based Mojito DHT network supported only by LimeWire and gtk-gnutella (starting with version r15750); this is completely different from
3861:
3421:
3310:
3796:
4170:
753:
3986:
898:
clients) allowed an improvement in scalability. Instead of treating every user as client and server, some users were now treated as
3399:
3365:
1012:. It was based on LimeWire 5.6 BETA. This version had its server dependencies removed and all the PRO features enabled for free.
3035:
4401:
3929:
3673:
1614:
4660:
4231:
3463:
3188:
2999:
1322:
872:
3574:
4943:
3650:
1388:
1049:
connected nodes, who, in turn, forward the request. This continues until the packet has reached a predetermined number of
720:
4123:
1888:
1850:
1772:
1730:
1692:
1574:
4948:
4368:
3335:
3156:
1257:
997:
that omitted the disabling code, as long as LimeWire trademarks were not used. The shutdown did not affect, for example,
834:. On March 14, the program was made available for download on Nullsoft's servers. The event was prematurely announced on
4067:
4048:
3252:
3223:
1654:
4650:
4198:
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from the original project and piggybacked on the Gnutella name. A sore point with many Gnutella developers is that the
1430:
779:
715:
137:
3831:
Dye, Mark. McDonald, Rick. Rufi, Antoon W., 'Network Fundamentals', Cisco Networking Academy, Cisco Press, Ch 3. p. 91
1810:
4009:
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210:
156:
109:
59:
4107:
Dye, Mark. McDonald, Rick. Rufi, Antoon W., 'Network Fundamentals', Cisco Networking Academy, Cisco Press, Ch 3. p90
4104:
Dye, Mark. McDonald, Rick. Rufi, Antoon W., 'Network Fundamentals', Cisco Networking Academy, Cisco Press, Ch 3. p91
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Dye, Mark. McDonald, Rick. Rufi, Antoon W., 'Network Fundamentals', Cisco Networking Academy, Cisco Press, Ch 3. p90
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differs significantly and may have completely independent code from the GnucDNA engine. Morpheus can function as a
4802:
4655:
4029:
758:
738:
558:
2843:(up to version 4.21.8) is nearly identical to LimeWire 4.18 but versions greater than 5.00 no longer use gnutella.
3065:
924:
today refers not to any one project or piece of software, but to the open protocol used by the various clients.
116:
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3695:
748:
743:
94:
3887:
3524:
4785:
3281:
2584:
Automatically configures port forwarding in routers or combination modem/gateways which support UPnP control.
2007:
1221:
855:
772:
677:
470:
2789:
5.2 series, can search only for images or videos and shared videos are limited to a relatively short length.
1068:
Leaves and ultrapeers use the Query Routing Protocol to exchange a Query Routing Table (QRT), a table of 64
4089:
3094:
682:
1237:
123:
3774:
2877:
994:
4775:
4514:
4394:
4133:
1409:
858:
clones began to appear. This parallel development of different clients by different groups remains the
843:
4150:
Gnutella For Users: A description of the inner workings of the gnutella network in User-Friendly Style
4139:
4438:
4410:
2028:
710:
268:
105:
90:
45:
3915:
3737:
3723:
3552:
2696:
As the LimeWire client is no longer available clients that share most of LimeWire's code base, like
4912:
4767:
4272:
2056:
1404:
1145:
1077:
1073:
1069:
672:
278:
4762:
3131:
2853:
1009:
654:
83:
4862:
4423:
4257:
4191:
2422:
2362:
2298:
1217:
1138:
1085:
895:
700:
3451:
4737:
4387:
3902:
3710:
3539:
3490:
2546:
818:
The first client (also called Gnutella) from which the network got its name was developed by
705:
263:
227:
3807:
3302:
878:
The Gnutella network is a fully distributed alternative to such semi-centralized systems as
3853:
3608:
1959:
1751:
1495:
1471:
1447:
1367:
1343:
1301:
1260:. The tables are limited to clients that can participate in the current Gnutella network.
1100:
982:
891:
803:
639:
629:
258:
1141:, which are much more scalable but support only exact-match, rather than keyword, search.
8:
4610:
3983:
2762:
1743:
1042:
910:
851:
846:(GPL); however, the original developers never got the chance to accomplish this purpose.
4162:
3612:
2889:
client, one of the initial G2 clients, could unnecessarily burden the Gnutella network.
1032:
each of whom has Gnutella client software. On initial startup, the client software must
1001:, a fork of LimeWire created in 2004 that carries neither the remote-disabling code nor
188:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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4642:
4539:
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1008:
On November 9, 2010, LimeWire was resurrected by a secret team of developers and named
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4825:
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4303:
4127:
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3624:
3616:
3452:"A point-based inventive system to prevent free-riding on p2p network environments"
2915:
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634:
432:
905:
This allowed the network to grow in popularity. In late 2001, the Gnutella client
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Second, it reduces the amount of traffic routed through the Gnutella network.
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4277:
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3177:
Schell, Bernadette Hlubik; Schell, Bernadette; Martin, Clemens (2006-09-05).
2833:
MP3 Rocket, 360Share, LemonWire, MP3Torpedo, and DexterWire are variants of
2023:
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606:
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379:
51:
4379:
1665:
1028:
To envision how Gnutella originally worked, imagine a large circle of users
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2742:
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1587:
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to the server for the remote client to initiate the connection instead (to
986:
644:
601:
354:
235:
4771:
4006:
2970:
2772:
1540:
1204:
These packets facilitate searches. File transfers are instead handled by
914:
4867:
4835:
4752:
4590:
4549:
4519:
4252:
3963:
3016:
Ars Technica Study: BitTorrent sees big growth, LimeWire still #1 P2P app
2728:
Automatic with UPnP, or manual configuration in LimeWire firewall options
1134:
928:
839:
548:
311:
3692:"A hierarchical super peer network for distributed software development"
538:
4680:
4620:
4559:
4544:
4534:
4464:
4226:
3797:"Decentralized Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture: Gnutella and Freenet"
3629:
1089:
974:
962:
823:
543:
465:
427:
4504:
4479:
4353:
4017:
3994:
2981:
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2808:
2786:
2697:
2638:
2542:
2369:
2302:
2066:
1924:
1359:
1058:
998:
902:, routing search requests and responses for users connected to them.
879:
533:
485:
447:
321:
306:
3691:
72:
4706:
4605:
4489:
4448:
4443:
4363:
4341:
4236:
3883:
3520:
3456:
Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2011 Proceedings
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2834:
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2011:
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349:
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19:
This article is about file sharing technology. For the spread, see
3273:
967:
United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
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939:
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563:
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364:
326:
20:
4086:
3884:"A Middleware Approach to Building Content-Centric Applications"
1020:
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2812:
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1002:
948:
523:
283:
273:
3766:
4892:
4887:
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4569:
4564:
4484:
3153:"Regarding Gnutella - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
2910:
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1296:
1213:
1095:
If the user decides to download the file, they negotiate the
883:
573:
528:
384:
344:
2971:
Slyck News - eDonkey2000 Nearly Double the Size of FastTrack
4524:
4358:
4321:
4176:
2997:
On the Long-term Evolution of the Two-Tier Gnutella Overlay
2846:
Acquisition and Cabos are custom front-ends overlaying the
2820:
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2294:
2124:
1783:
1513:
1205:
568:
404:
359:
288:
4509:
4267:
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1225:
944:
933:
831:
495:
3738:"Network Topology - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
3597:"SoK: Network-Level Attacks on the Bitcoin P2P Network"
3123:
830:
in early 2000, soon after the company's acquisition by
3521:"Topology of Gnutella Network: Discovery and Analysis"
3358:"Indie Labels Sue LimeWire Over Failed Copyright Deal"
1148:, Gnutella developers implemented a tiered system of
909:
Basic became free and open source. In February 2002,
838:, and thousands downloaded the program that day. The
2625:
Client mode only, as a dependent leaf on ultrapeers.
1137:
distributed system, and inspired the development of
4145:
3767:"DQ in Arabic - English-Arabic Dictionary | Glosbe"
3392:"Report: LimeWire 'Resurrected' by Secret Dev Team"
3036:"AOL's Nullsoft creates software for swapping MP3s"
2856:(5.6.2) is a resurrected version of the unreleased
1180:-based protocol. The outdated Gnutella version 0.4
1171:
867:Among the first independent Gnutella pioneers were
97:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3176:
2051:
1099:. If the node which has the requested file is not
3006:. Rasti, Stutzbach, Rejaie, 2006. See Figure 2a.
1232:) and parallel downloading in slices (swarming).
4925:
3959:"Shareaza download page on sourceforge Web site"
3839:
3837:
3389:
3355:
4049:Query Routing for the Gnutella Network proposal
3422:"How Auto Discovery Works - Amazon ElastiCache"
2769:ultrapeer whereas other GnucDNA clients cannot.
1200:push: download request for firewalled servants
4409:
4395:
4192:
3834:
3124:"CNN - Breaking News, Latest News and Videos"
1184:employs five different packet types, namely:
780:
3594:
3216:"Programmers help "Napster" clones take off"
2992:
2990:
2672:searches supported by most gnutella clients.
1120:using an HTTP request and the proxy sends a
4030:A comparison of Peer-to-Peer search methods
3689:
947:project or GNU's own peer-to-peer network,
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4402:
4388:
4199:
4185:
4068:Query Routing for the Gnutella Network 1.0
3095:"Open Source Napster: Gnutella - Slashdot"
1024:The gnutella search and retrieval protocol
954:On October 26, 2010, the popular Gnutella
787:
773:
4171:Max Planck Institute for Software Systems
3628:
3595:Franzoni, Federico; Daza, Vanesa (2022).
3063:
2987:
2819:, and Xfactor are GUI front-ends for the
1263:
754:Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
3806:. University of Manitoba. Archived from
3518:
2785:, a functionally limited version of the
1220:, querying via UDP, dynamic queries via
1019:
993:, nothing had prevented the creation of
3449:
2939:
1228:metadata, source exchange (also termed
4926:
4801:
4670:
3794:
1216:checksums, query hit transmission via
16:Large peer-to-peer network by Nullsoft
4383:
4180:
3671:Why Gnutella Can't Scale. No, Really.
3180:Webster's New World Hacker Dictionary
2641:, so is unusable in its current form.
2488:
2428:
2368:
2308:
2240:
2182:
2123:
2065:
1065:a query can travel was lowered to 4.
1041:), UDP host caches and, rarely, even
4134:Gnutella Protocol Development Portal
3450:Moon, Jongbae; Cho, Yongyun (2011).
3390:Chloe Albanesius (9 November 2010).
3368:from the original on 2 February 2016
2724:
2722:
2708:
2706:
2692:
2690:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2633:
2631:
1986:
1375:10.0.0.131462 (January 29, 2013
842:was to be released later, under the
168:
95:adding citations to reliable sources
66:
25:
3690:Hasselbring, Wilhelm (2004-01-01).
2940:Kushner, David (January 13, 2004).
1176:Gnutella once operated on a purely
13:
4124:Gnutella Protocol Development Wiki
3567:"Gnutella clients that still work"
3332:"Regarding Gnutella (www.gnu.org)"
1309:2.2 (v223) (November 19, 2010
14:
4960:
4111:
4096:Population ~200,000 January 2010.
3881:
3402:from the original on 12 July 2017
3356:Chloe Albanesius (18 July 2011).
2942:"The World's Most Dangerous Geek"
2719:
2703:
2687:
2653:
2628:
2017:Unicode-compatible query routing
1875:2.7.10.2 (September 18, 2017
41:This article has multiple issues.
3245:"Gnutella pioneer Gene Kan dies"
2193:
2190:
2135:
2132:
1797:3.4.2.116 (February 1, 2009
1172:Protocol features and extensions
759:Comparison of Usenet newsreaders
739:Comparison of BitTorrent clients
667:Development and societal aspects
242:
173:
71:
30:
4080:
4061:
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4000:
3977:
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3922:
3890:from the original on 2023-11-03
3875:
3864:from the original on 2022-12-06
3854:"Gnutella Protocol Development"
3846:
3825:
3788:
3777:from the original on 2024-04-09
3759:
3748:from the original on 2023-10-18
3730:
3698:from the original on 2023-11-03
3683:
3664:
3653:from the original on 2022-09-26
3588:
3577:from the original on 2023-11-03
3559:
3527:from the original on 2023-11-03
3512:
3501:from the original on 2017-05-12
3491:"Gnutella Protocol Development"
3483:
3472:from the original on 2023-01-17
3443:
3432:from the original on 2023-03-30
3414:
3383:
3349:
3338:from the original on 2015-03-16
3324:
3313:from the original on 2016-03-04
3295:
3284:from the original on 2016-04-22
3266:
3255:from the original on 2015-04-16
3237:
3226:from the original on 2015-04-16
3208:
3197:from the original on 2023-01-17
3170:
3159:from the original on 2015-03-16
3134:from the original on 2000-06-20
3105:from the original on 2019-03-24
3076:from the original on 2017-04-14
3046:from the original on 2015-04-15
2748:
2731:
2675:
2644:
2619:
2604:
2587:
2578:
2569:
1717:5.5.16 (September 30, 2010
1641:0.19-rc1 (February 3, 2008
1238:work-in-progress specifications
1188:ping: discover hosts on network
961:was ordered shut down by Judge
864:of Gnutella development today.
82:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
4883:BitTorrent protocol encryption
4007:Gnutella vs. Gnutella2, Part 1
3984:Gnutella vs. Gnutella2, Part 2
3145:
3116:
3087:
3057:
3028:
3025:Eric Bangeman, April 21, 2008.
3009:
2964:
2933:
1759:5.55.1 (November 15, 2007
749:Comparison of eDonkey software
744:Comparison of BitTorrent sites
1:
4313:
4077:Christopher Rohrs, 2002-05-16
4058:Christopher Rohrs, 2001-12-18
3795:Berkes, Jem (April 9, 2003).
3519:Ripeanu, Matei; Nakai, Yugo.
3303:"The source code for Gnubile"
2926:
2700:, can provide an alternative.
1601:1.2.2 (February 25, 2022
1053:from the sender (maximum 7).
4206:
4120:Official user support boards
3858:rfc-gnutella.sourceforge.net
3495:rfc-gnutella.sourceforge.net
2864:
2741:proxy which can tunnel over
1417:0.8.2 (February 9, 2010
1084:deliver search results over
7:
4944:Application layer protocols
3621:10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3204387
3573:(in Japanese). 2022-05-09.
2904:
1837:0.5191 (August 8, 2006
1679:2.2.0.0 (June 17, 2005
1561:2.2.0.0 (June 17, 2005
1256:attempt to give a complete
1247:
1144:To address the problems of
10:
4965:
4949:Hash-based data structures
2868:
1982: Discontinued project
1224:, file transfers via UDP,
844:GNU General Public License
813:
18:
4853:
4794:
4715:
4689:
4638:
4583:
4457:
4431:
4417:
4411:Peer-to-peer file sharing
4312:
4291:
4245:
4214:
4140:Gnutella official website
4039:Dimitrios Tsoumakos, 2003
3458:. Springer. p. 464.
3183:. John Wiley & Sons.
2684:version 0.98.4 and later.
1993:
1969:
1966:
1950:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1900:
1860:
1855:
1836:
1822:
1815:
1796:
1782:
1777:
1758:
1742:
1735:
1716:
1702:
1697:
1678:
1664:
1659:
1640:
1626:
1586:
1579:
1560:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1440:
1435:
1416:
1400:
1393:
1374:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1332:
1327:
1308:
1292:
1282:(otherwise discontinued)
1197:query hit: reply to query
1015:
182:This article needs to be
4913:Micro Transport Protocol
2562:
1258:list of Gnutella clients
1194:query: search for a file
1061:, the maximum number of
4651:Advanced Direct Connect
2854:LimeWire Pirate Edition
2775:and Kiwi Alpha use the
1929:LimeWire Pirate Edition
1139:distributed hash tables
1010:LimeWire Pirate Edition
4863:Distributed hash table
4738:Game and video sharing
4345:(discontinued; V4 and
4258:Distributed hash table
3910:Cite journal requires
3718:Cite journal requires
3571:apreasnisuf1984's Ownd
3547:Cite journal requires
3274:"gnubile file listing"
2980:, Thomas Mennecke for
2127:(core & plug-ins)
1839:; 18 years ago
1799:; 15 years ago
1761:; 16 years ago
1719:; 13 years ago
1681:; 19 years ago
1643:; 16 years ago
1563:; 19 years ago
1419:; 14 years ago
1377:; 11 years ago
1311:; 13 years ago
1264:General specifications
1025:
619:Anonymous file sharing
4939:File sharing networks
4142:(on Internet Archive)
4136:(on Internet Archive)
4087:G2 Network Statistics
3742:www.sciencedirect.com
2754:Since version 2.2.4.0
1877:; 7 years ago
1603:; 2 years ago
1023:
989:. Since LimeWire was
983:remote-disabling code
460:File sharing networks
301:Video on demand sites
264:Online video platform
259:File hosting services
4016:Thomas Mennecke for
3997:, February 25, 2003.
3993:Thomas Mennecke for
2826:etomi uses outdated
2714:firewall to firewall
1530:0.0.11 (2006-08-06)
856:free and open source
804:peer-to-peer network
695:By country or region
91:improve this article
4020:, February 25, 2003
3613:2022IEEEA..1094924F
3426:docs.aws.amazon.com
2712:Port triggering or
1943:6.0.2 (2022-10-04)
1516:(Gnutella plug-in)
1191:pong: reply to ping
1072:-slots and up to 2
1039:Gnutella Web Caches
981:staff had inserted
886:) and the original
4903:BitTorrent tracker
4369:historical clients
4156:Regarding Gnutella
4092:2010-05-01 at the
4073:2015-09-24 at the
4054:2015-09-24 at the
4035:2007-09-26 at the
4012:2016-03-05 at the
3989:2012-07-28 at the
3676:2017-08-06 at the
3021:2008-12-16 at the
3002:2017-08-10 at the
2976:2018-01-29 at the
2899:order of magnitude
2020:UPnP port mapping
1967:4.33 (April 2009)
1479:1.21 (2005-06-21)
1026:
969:when she signed a
852:reverse engineered
586:Streaming programs
422:Academic/scholarly
4921:
4920:
4908:UDP hole punching
4849:
4848:
4634:
4633:
4377:
4376:
4350:
4283:Magnet URI scheme
3813:on August 8, 2017
3465:978-3-642-21897-2
3190:978-0-470-04752-1
3101:. 14 March 2000.
2560:
2559:
1987:Gnutella features
1976:
1975:
1230:the download mesh
854:, and compatible
797:
796:
683:BitTorrent issues
221:
220:
213:
203:
202:
167:
166:
159:
141:
64:
4956:
4831:Open music model
4826:Friend-to-friend
4799:
4798:
4763:Sharing software
4429:
4428:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4344:
4304:Gnutella crawler
4201:
4194:
4187:
4178:
4177:
4128:Internet Archive
4097:
4084:
4078:
4065:
4059:
4046:
4040:
4027:
4021:
4004:
3998:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3936:. Archived from
3926:
3920:
3919:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3832:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3812:
3801:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3721:
3716:
3714:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3687:
3681:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3632:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3307:underpop.free.fr
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3032:
3026:
3013:
3007:
2994:
2985:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2952:on June 30, 2012
2948:. Archived from
2937:
2916:Gnutella crawler
2830:networking code.
2755:
2752:
2746:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2717:
2710:
2701:
2694:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2662:
2651:
2648:
2642:
2635:
2626:
2623:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2053:
2029:NAT port mapping
1991:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1604:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1503:Beta 1.1 (2007)
1489:FilesWire (P2P)
1433:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1268:
1267:
1182:network protocol
789:
782:
775:
635:Friend-to-friend
433:Internet Archive
339:BitTorrent sites
246:
223:
222:
216:
209:
198:
195:
189:
177:
176:
169:
162:
155:
151:
148:
142:
140:
99:
75:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4855:
4845:
4790:
4711:
4685:
4640:
4630:
4579:
4453:
4422:
4413:
4408:
4378:
4373:
4308:
4299:Overlay network
4287:
4253:Tiger Tree hash
4241:
4232:Spencer Kimball
4210:
4205:
4167:traffic shaping
4118:Gnutella Forums
4114:
4101:
4100:
4094:Wayback Machine
4085:
4081:
4075:Wayback Machine
4066:
4062:
4056:Wayback Machine
4047:
4043:
4037:Wayback Machine
4028:
4024:
4014:Wayback Machine
4005:
4001:
3991:Wayback Machine
3982:
3978:
3969:
3967:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3943:
3941:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3911:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3882:Tyson, Gareth.
3880:
3876:
3867:
3865:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3799:
3793:
3789:
3780:
3778:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3751:
3749:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3719:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3688:
3684:
3678:Wayback Machine
3669:
3665:
3656:
3654:
3607:: 94924–94962.
3593:
3589:
3580:
3578:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3548:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3517:
3513:
3504:
3502:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3475:
3473:
3466:
3448:
3444:
3435:
3433:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3388:
3384:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3350:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3316:
3314:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3287:
3285:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3258:
3256:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3229:
3227:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3200:
3198:
3191:
3175:
3171:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3137:
3135:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3108:
3106:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3079:
3077:
3064:AfterDawn.com.
3062:
3058:
3049:
3047:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3023:Wayback Machine
3014:
3010:
3004:Wayback Machine
2995:
2988:
2984:, June 2, 2005.
2978:Wayback Machine
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2907:
2873:
2867:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2720:
2711:
2704:
2695:
2688:
2680:
2676:
2663:
2654:
2650:Version 0.9.2.7
2649:
2645:
2636:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2048:UDP host cache
2039:UDP push proxy
2036:TCP push proxy
1989:
1979:
1978:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1592:Cross-platform
1573:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1285:Latest release
1281:
1280:Project active?
1266:
1250:
1174:
1030:(called nodes),
1018:
873:Spencer Kimball
816:
793:
764:
763:
734:
726:
725:
696:
688:
687:
668:
660:
659:
620:
612:
611:
587:
579:
578:
514:
506:
505:
461:
453:
452:
438:Library Genesis
423:
415:
414:
375:KickassTorrents
370:FitGirl Repacks
340:
332:
331:
302:
294:
293:
254:
217:
206:
205:
204:
199:
193:
190:
187:
178:
174:
163:
152:
146:
143:
100:
98:
88:
76:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4962:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4807:
4805:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4661:Direct Connect
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4439:Direct Connect
4435:
4433:
4426:
4415:
4414:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4384:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4263:Query flooding
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4222:Justin Frankel
4218:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4204:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4165:test Gnutella
4160:
4152:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4121:
4113:
4112:External links
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4079:
4060:
4041:
4022:
3999:
3976:
3950:
3921:
3912:|journal=
3874:
3845:
3833:
3824:
3787:
3758:
3729:
3720:|journal=
3682:
3680:February 2001.
3663:
3587:
3558:
3549:|journal=
3511:
3482:
3464:
3442:
3413:
3398:. Ziff-Davis.
3382:
3364:. Ziff-Davis.
3348:
3323:
3294:
3265:
3236:
3207:
3189:
3169:
3144:
3115:
3086:
3056:
3027:
3008:
2986:
2963:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2895:query flooding
2869:Main article:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2851:
2844:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2790:
2780:
2770:
2757:
2756:
2747:
2730:
2718:
2702:
2686:
2674:
2652:
2643:
2627:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2603:
2586:
2577:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:GMail or XMPP
2378:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2320:GMail or XMPP
2318:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
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2128:
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2099:
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2059:
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2049:
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2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1962:
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1954:
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1873:
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1578:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1537:
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1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1520:Cross-platform
1517:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1498:
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1490:
1486:
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1480:
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1272:
1265:
1262:
1249:
1246:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1178:query flooding
1173:
1170:
1017:
1014:
971:Consent Decree
927:The name is a
861:modus operandi
820:Justin Frankel
815:
812:
795:
794:
792:
791:
784:
777:
769:
766:
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642:
637:
632:
627:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
604:
599:
594:
592:Butter Project
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
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526:
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515:
512:
511:
508:
507:
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503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
471:Direct Connect
468:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
412:
410:YourBittorrent
407:
402:
400:The Pirate Bay
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
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324:
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314:
309:
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261:
255:
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239:
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218:
201:
200:
181:
179:
172:
165:
164:
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4961:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:Super-seeding
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4878:Peer exchange
4876:
4874:
4873:NAT traversal
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4852:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4811:Anonymous P2P
4809:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4786:Legal aspects
4784:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4748:Music sharing
4746:
4744:
4743:Image sharing
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:Broadcatching
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
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4688:
4682:
4679:
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4609:
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4501:
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4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:Decentralized
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4347:modifications
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:NAT traversal
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
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4233:
4230:
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4172:
4168:
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4138:
4135:
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4125:
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4119:
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4115:
4106:
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4102:
4095:
4091:
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4076:
4072:
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4064:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4003:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3980:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3940:on 2017-04-14
3939:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3917:
3904:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3863:
3859:
3855:
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3423:
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3352:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3312:
3308:
3304:
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3283:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3240:
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3221:
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3211:
3196:
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3173:
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3096:
3090:
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3071:
3067:
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3031:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2951:
2947:
2946:Rolling Stone
2943:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
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2647:
2640:
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2319:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2282:No (Dropped)
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:NAT traversal
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1972:
1971:Original work
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1918:Original work
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:Original work
1893:
1890:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1817:Original work
1812:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:Original work
1732:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:Original work
1619:
1616:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:Original work
1576:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1534:Original work
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1507:Original work
1499:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1483:Original work
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:Original work
1390:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:file transfer
1093:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:free software
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
941:
936:
935:
930:
925:
923:
918:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
896:closed source
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
865:
863:
862:
857:
853:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
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790:
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778:
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729:
722:
719:
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698:
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691:
684:
681:
679:
676:
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670:
664:
663:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
625:Anonymous P2P
623:
622:
616:
615:
608:
607:Torrents-Time
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
583:
582:
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572:
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567:
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467:
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434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
419:
418:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
395:Tamil Rockers
393:
391:
390:Rutracker.org
388:
386:
383:
381:
380:Nyaa Torrents
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
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351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
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136:
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129:
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122:
118:
115:
111:
108: –
107:
103:
102:Find sources:
96:
92:
86:
85:
80:This article
78:
74:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
4856:technologies
4733:Disk sharing
4540:Perfect Dark
4499:
4332:gtk-gnutella
4207:
4155:
4149:
4082:
4063:
4044:
4025:
4002:
3979:
3968:. Retrieved
3962:
3953:
3942:. Retrieved
3938:the original
3933:
3930:"CitrixWire"
3924:
3903:cite journal
3892:. Retrieved
3877:
3866:. Retrieved
3857:
3848:
3827:
3815:. Retrieved
3808:the original
3803:
3790:
3779:. Retrieved
3770:
3761:
3750:. Retrieved
3741:
3732:
3711:cite journal
3700:. Retrieved
3685:
3666:
3655:. Retrieved
3604:
3600:
3590:
3579:. Retrieved
3570:
3561:
3540:cite journal
3529:. Retrieved
3514:
3503:. Retrieved
3494:
3485:
3474:. Retrieved
3455:
3445:
3434:. Retrieved
3425:
3416:
3404:. Retrieved
3395:
3385:
3377:
3370:. Retrieved
3361:
3351:
3340:. Retrieved
3326:
3315:. Retrieved
3306:
3297:
3286:. Retrieved
3277:
3268:
3257:. Retrieved
3248:
3239:
3228:. Retrieved
3219:
3210:
3199:. Retrieved
3179:
3172:
3161:. Retrieved
3147:
3136:. Retrieved
3127:
3118:
3107:. Retrieved
3099:slashdot.org
3098:
3089:
3078:. Retrieved
3069:
3059:
3048:. Retrieved
3039:
3030:
3011:
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2950:the original
2945:
2935:
2891:
2881:
2874:
2766:
2750:
2733:
2713:
2682:gtk-gnutella
2677:
2646:
2621:
2606:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2242:gtk-gnutella
1997:Hash search
1977:
1970:
1928:
1917:
1894:
1816:
1736:
1620:
1588:gtk-gnutella
1580:
1533:
1506:
1482:
1394:
1293:Acquisition
1253:
1251:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1210:
1203:
1175:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1131:
1127:
1122:push request
1121:
1118:push proxies
1117:
1114:push proxies
1113:
1108:
1105:push request
1104:
1094:
1082:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1007:
953:
938:
932:
926:
921:
919:
904:
899:
877:
866:
859:
848:
817:
808:
799:
798:
645:Proxy server
602:Popcorn Time
559:Transmission
480:
355:ExtraTorrent
269:Peer to peer
253:Technologies
236:File sharing
207:
191:
183:
153:
144:
134:
127:
120:
113:
101:
89:Please help
84:verification
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
4868:Merkle tree
4836:Private P2P
4768:Web hosting
4753:Peercasting
4639:Comparisons
4591:Audiogalaxy
4432:Centralized
4349:still work)
4292:Terminology
3964:SourceForge
3934:BrotherSoft
3817:October 26,
3630:10230/55353
3601:IEEE Access
3396:PC Magazine
3362:PC Magazine
3278:stearns.org
2008:large files
2003:Buddy list
1960:Proprietary
1889:[±]
1851:[±]
1811:[±]
1773:[±]
1752:Proprietary
1731:[±]
1693:[±]
1655:[±]
1615:[±]
1575:[±]
1496:Proprietary
1472:Proprietary
1448:Proprietary
1441:CitrixWire
1431:[±]
1389:[±]
1368:Proprietary
1344:Proprietary
1323:[±]
1302:Proprietary
1146:bottlenecks
987:P2P network
929:portmanteau
892:proprietary
840:source code
733:Comparisons
640:Private P2P
549:qBittorrent
513:P2P clients
312:Dailymotion
279:Web hosting
4928:Categories
4690:Hyperlinks
4681:WebTorrent
4656:BitTorrent
4560:WebTorrent
4545:Retroshare
4535:OnionShare
4465:BitTorrent
4246:Technology
4227:Tom Pepper
3970:2019-07-06
3944:2017-04-13
3894:2023-06-08
3868:2022-07-21
3804:berkes.ca/
3781:2023-06-08
3771:glosbe.com
3752:2023-06-08
3702:2023-06-08
3657:2023-07-11
3581:2023-06-08
3531:2023-06-08
3505:2017-04-13
3476:2022-03-10
3436:2023-06-08
3342:2015-03-17
3317:2017-04-13
3288:2017-04-13
3259:2017-04-13
3230:2017-04-13
3201:2020-10-02
3163:2015-03-17
3138:2019-03-24
3109:2019-03-24
3080:2017-04-13
3066:"Gnutella"
3050:2017-04-13
2927:References
2807:, giFTui,
2045:GWebCache
2042:Ultrapeer
1882:2017-09-18
1844:2006-08-08
1804:2009-02-01
1766:2007-11-15
1724:2010-09-30
1686:2005-06-17
1666:Kiwi Alpha
1648:2008-02-03
1608:2022-02-25
1568:2005-06-17
1424:2010-02-09
1382:2013-01-29
1354:BearShare
1316:2010-11-19
1150:ultrapeers
1135:unscalable
1101:firewalled
1090:IP address
975:injunction
963:Kimba Wood
900:ultrapeers
824:Tom Pepper
544:OnionShare
466:BitTorrent
428:ICanHazPDF
117:newspapers
106:"Gnutella"
46:improve it
4758:Seedboxes
4676:Gnutella2
4505:Gnutella2
4480:FastTrack
4424:protocols
4354:FrostWire
4018:Slyck.com
3995:Slyck.com
3647:252106900
3639:2169-3536
3070:AfterDawn
2982:Slyck.com
2882:Gnutella2
2871:Gnutella2
2865:Gnutella2
2841:FrostWire
2809:giFTwin32
2787:BearShare
2698:FrostWire
2639:outdegree
2637:Not high
2370:WireShare
2301:, GUESS,
2067:BearShare
1946:LimeWire
1925:WireShare
1463:CocoGnut
1436:LimeWire
1360:BearShare
1328:LimeWire
1288:Heritage
1274:Platform
1059:outdegree
1034:bootstrap
999:FrostWire
920:The word
880:FastTrack
711:Singapore
534:Filetopia
486:Gnutella2
448:Z-Library
322:Putlocker
307:123Movies
147:July 2013
52:talk page
4934:Gnutella
4854:Internal
4795:Concepts
4772:Freesite
4707:Metalink
4671:Gnutella
4611:Morpheus
4606:LimeWire
4584:Historic
4500:Gnutella
4490:Hyphanet
4449:Soulseek
4444:Soribada
4419:Networks
4364:Shareaza
4342:LimeWire
4314:Software
4237:Gene Kan
4215:Pioneers
4208:gnutella
4163:Glasnost
4090:Archived
4071:Archived
4052:Archived
4033:Archived
4010:Archived
3987:Archived
3888:Archived
3862:Archived
3775:Archived
3746:Archived
3696:Archived
3674:Archived
3651:Archived
3575:Archived
3525:Archived
3499:Archived
3470:Archived
3430:Archived
3406:19 March
3400:Archived
3372:19 March
3366:Archived
3336:Archived
3311:Archived
3282:Archived
3253:Archived
3224:Archived
3195:Archived
3157:Archived
3132:Archived
3103:Archived
3074:Archived
3044:Archived
3019:Archived
3000:Archived
2974:Archived
2905:See also
2887:Shareaza
2858:LimeWire
2848:LimeWire
2835:LimeWire
2828:Shareaza
2817:Poisoned
2805:giFToxic
2801:FilePipe
2793:giFTcurs
2783:BearFlix
2773:Gnucleus
2763:Morpheus
2716:(FW2FW).
2666:Kademlia
2664:Via the
2597:eliable
2490:Shareaza
2310:LimeWire
2010:(> 4
2006:Handles
1956:Windows
1901:Symella
1866:Windows
1862:Shareaza
1824:Poisoned
1778:GnucDNA
1748:Windows
1744:Morpheus
1704:LimeWire
1698:GnucDNA
1670:Windows
1632:Windows
1549:Windows
1541:Gnucleus
1444:Windows
1364:Windows
1351:5.2.6.0
1334:BearFlix
1277:License
1248:Software
979:LimeWire
959:LimeWire
922:Gnutella
915:Gnucleus
911:Morpheus
907:LimeWire
869:Gene Kan
836:Slashdot
828:Nullsoft
800:Gnutella
678:Legality
673:Timeline
554:Shareaza
539:μTorrent
519:BitComet
501:Soulseek
491:Hyphanet
481:Gnutella
350:Demonoid
317:PeerTube
228:a series
226:Part of
194:May 2016
4821:Darkweb
4816:Darknet
4803:Privacy
4780:ZeroNet
4666:eDonkey
4643:clients
4616:Napster
4575:ZeroNet
4555:Tribler
4475:eDonkey
4327:GnucDNA
4130:, 2009)
3609:Bibcode
2956:May 10,
2850:engine.
2823:engine.
2797:Apollon
2779:engine.
2777:GnucDNA
2184:GnucDNA
1994:Client
1952:Zultrax
1905:Symbian
1880: (
1842: (
1802: (
1764: (
1722: (
1684: (
1646: (
1606: (
1566: (
1545:GnucDNA
1467:RISC OS
1422: (
1380: (
1339:Windows
1314: (
1166:Napster
965:of the
940:Nutella
888:Napster
814:History
650:Seedbox
630:Darknet
564:Tribler
476:eDonkey
443:Sci-Hub
365:isoHunt
327:YouTube
184:updated
131:scholar
21:Nutella
4723:Backup
4702:Magnet
4596:CuteMX
4530:OpenFT
4495:GNUnet
4337:KCeasy
4158:by GNU
3645:
3637:
3462:
3187:
2921:GNUnet
2878:forked
2813:KCeasy
2767:modern
2061:Other
1980:
1886:)
1848:)
1828:macOS
1808:)
1770:)
1728:)
1690:)
1652:)
1628:KCeasy
1612:)
1572:)
1458:Addax
1428:)
1401:Cabos
1386:)
1320:)
1154:leaves
1016:Design
1003:adware
956:client
949:GNUnet
701:Canada
284:WebRTC
274:Usenet
133:
126:
119:
112:
104:
4893:SHA-2
4888:SHA-1
4626:WASTE
4621:Scour
4601:Kazaa
4570:Winny
4565:WinMX
4550:Share
4485:Fopnu
4146:GnuFU
3811:(PDF)
3800:(PDF)
3643:S2CID
2911:Bitzi
2739:SOCKS
2670:SHA-1
2563:Notes
2395:Yes
2392:Yes
2374:Yes
2335:Yes
2332:Yes
2314:Yes
2270:Yes
2246:Yes
2157:Yes
2000:Chat
1934:Java
1927:(aka
1856:giFT
1788:Java
1708:Java
1660:giFT
1552:GPL,
1492:Java
1455:2014
1297:macOS
1271:Name
1214:SHA-1
995:forks
884:KaZaA
802:is a
706:Japan
574:WinMX
529:eMule
385:RARBG
345:1337x
138:JSTOR
124:books
4776:IPFS
4716:Uses
4697:eD2k
4525:LBRY
4515:IPFS
4359:Phex
4322:GiFT
4126:(on
3916:help
3819:2019
3724:help
3635:ISSN
3553:help
3460:ISBN
3408:2012
3374:2012
3249:CNET
3220:CNET
3185:ISBN
3040:CNET
2958:2011
2821:giFT
2737:Via
2593:The
2551:eD2k
2536:Yes
2533:Yes
2530:Yes
2527:Yes
2524:Yes
2521:Yes
2515:Yes
2512:Yes
2509:Yes
2503:Yes
2497:Yes
2494:Yes
2479:Yes
2476:Yes
2473:Yes
2470:Yes
2467:Yes
2461:Yes
2452:Yes
2446:Yes
2443:Yes
2437:Yes
2434:Yes
2430:Phex
2419:Yes
2416:Yes
2413:Yes
2410:Yes
2407:Yes
2404:Yes
2401:Yes
2398:Yes
2389:Yes
2386:Yes
2383:Yes
2377:Yes
2359:Yes
2356:Yes
2353:Yes
2350:Yes
2347:Yes
2344:Yes
2341:Yes
2338:Yes
2329:Yes
2326:Yes
2323:Yes
2317:Yes
2295:IPv6
2291:Yes
2288:Yes
2285:Yes
2279:Yes
2276:Yes
2273:Yes
2267:Yes
2264:Yes
2261:Yes
2258:Yes
2255:Yes
2224:Yes
2221:No
2215:Yes
2188:Yes
2166:Yes
2163:No
2130:Yes
2125:giFT
2113:Yes
2107:Yes
2104:Yes
2098:Yes
2095:Yes
2092:Yes
2089:Yes
2086:Yes
2077:Yes
2074:Yes
2071:Yes
2052:THEX
2033:RUD
1940:Yes
1937:GPL
1909:GPL
1872:Yes
1869:GPL
1831:GPL
1791:GPL
1784:Phex
1711:GPL
1673:GPL
1635:GPL
1598:Yes
1595:GPL
1554:LGPL
1524:GPL
1514:giFT
1405:Java
1206:HTTP
1152:and
1109:push
1063:hops
1051:hops
937:and
894:and
871:and
822:and
597:Kodi
569:Vuze
524:DC++
405:YIFY
360:EZTV
289:XDCC
110:news
4841:Tor
4641:of
4520:Kad
4510:I2P
4470:DAT
4273:TLS
4268:I2P
3625:hdl
3617:doi
3128:CNN
2743:SSH
2599:UDP
2555:IRC
2539:No
2518:No
2506:No
2500:No
2483:I2P
2464:No
2458:No
2455:No
2449:No
2440:No
2423:DHT
2363:DHT
2299:DHT
2252:No
2249:No
2233:No
2230:No
2227:No
2218:No
2212:No
2209:No
2206:No
2203:No
2200:No
2197:No
2175:No
2172:No
2169:No
2160:No
2154:No
2151:No
2148:No
2145:No
2142:No
2139:No
2116:No
2110:No
2101:No
2083:No
2080:No
2057:TLS
1964:No
1912:No
1834:No
1794:No
1756:No
1714:No
1676:No
1638:No
1558:No
1527:No
1500:No
1476:No
1452:No
1414:No
1410:GPL
1372:No
1348:No
1306:No
1254:not
1226:XML
1222:TCP
1218:UDP
1086:UDP
1043:IRC
945:GNU
934:GNU
931:of
832:AOL
826:of
721:USA
655:VPN
496:I2P
93:by
4930::
4778:,
4774:,
4148:,
3961:.
3932:.
3907::
3905:}}
3901:{{
3886:.
3860:.
3856:.
3836:^
3802:.
3773:.
3769:.
3744:.
3740:.
3715::
3713:}}
3709:{{
3694:.
3649:.
3641:.
3633:.
3623:.
3615:.
3605:10
3603:.
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3569:.
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3542:}}
3538:{{
3523:.
3497:.
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3468:.
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3428:.
3424:.
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3376:.
3360:.
3334:.
3309:.
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3280:.
3276:.
3251:.
3247:.
3222:.
3218:.
3193:.
3155:.
3130:.
3126:.
3097:.
3072:.
3068:.
3042:.
3038:.
2989:^
2944:.
2815:,
2811:,
2803:,
2799:,
2795:,
2721:^
2705:^
2689:^
2655:^
2630:^
2553:,
2549:,
2547:BT
2545:,
2543:G2
2303:G2
2297:,
2236:-
2194:—
2191:—
2178:-
2136:—
2133:—
2119:-
2014:)
2012:GB
1931:)
1240:.
1208:.
1078:Ki
1074:Mi
1070:Ki
1005:.
977:,
951:.
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716:UK
230:on
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
