555:
Congatec also states the issues impact USB buses and eMMC, although those are not mentioned in Intel's public documentation. USB should have a maximum of 12% active time and there is a 60TB transmit traffic life expectancy over the lifetime of the port. eMMC should have a maximum of 33% active time
350:
Fully out-of-order memory execution and disambiguation. The
Goldmont microarchitecture can execute one load and one store per cycle (compared to one load or one store per cycle in the Silvermont microarchitecture). The memory execution pipeline also includes a second level TLB enhancement with 512
547:
Similar to the previous
Silvermont generation, design flaws were found in processor circuitry, resulting in cease of operation when processors are actively used for several years. An Erratum named APL46 "System May Experience Inability to Boot or May Cease Operation" was added to documentation in
551:
Mitigations were found to limit impact on systems. A firmware update for the LPC bus called LPC_CLKRUN# reduces the utilization of the LPC interface, which in turn decreases (but does not eliminate) LPC bus degradation – some systems are however not compatible with this new firmware. It is
357:
SIMD integer and floating-point instructions execute in a 128-bit wide engine. Throughput and latency of many instructions have improved, including PSHUFB with 1-cycle throughput (versus 5 cycles for
Silvermont microarchitecture) and many other SIMD instructions with doubled
310:
microarchitecture designed for the entry level desktop and notebook computers. Goldmont is built on the 14 nm manufacturing process and supports up to four cores for the consumer devices. It includes the
1957:
552:
recommended not to use SD cards as boot devices, and to remove the card from the system when not in use; other possible solutions being using only UHS-I cards and operating them at 1.8 V.
4161:
1934:
2113:
4132:
1968:
556:
and should be set to D3 device low power state by the operating system when not in use. Newer designs such as Atom C3000 Denverton do not seem to be affected.
1841:
1766:
354:
Integer execution cluster in the
Goldmont microarchitecture provides three pipelines and can execute up to three simple integer ALU operations per cycle.
3145:
1992:
3343:
2962:
3150:
388:
4222:
3248:
3160:
347:
Larger out-of-order execution window and buffers that enable deeper out-of-order execution across integer, FP/SIMD, and memory instruction types.
2091:
1819:
3165:
3155:
3140:
2967:
290:
platform, and it can be used to implement power-efficient low-end devices including
Cloudbooks, 2-in-1 netbooks, small PCs, IP cameras, and
2957:
519:(ISH) which can sample and combine data from individual sensors and operate independently when the host platform is in a low power state
2170:
2019:
4098:
3193:
322:
The
Goldmont microarchitecture builds on the success of the Silvermont microarchitecture, and provides the following enhancements:
3253:
3336:
1736:
1731:
3920:
1494:
1464:
1422:
2314:
2299:
2223:
2213:
1726:
1311:
1284:
1242:
1009:
987:
965:
921:
902:
858:
736:
709:
667:
1122:
1072:
1053:
1031:
946:
880:
830:
2218:
4207:
2238:
2233:
2228:
1741:
1094:
548:
June 2017, stating that low pin count (LPC), real time clock (RTC), SD card and GPIO interfaces may stop functioning.
4212:
3012:
2869:
2139:
2068:
3329:
3203:
3183:
2446:
2292:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2208:
2203:
1770:
3608:
4217:
3956:
3128:
2275:
2250:
3774:
3655:
2441:
2410:
2381:
2163:
1517:
1792:
4010:
3808:
2513:
2422:
2282:
2245:
2198:
372:
The
Goldmont microarchitecture provides new instructions with hardware accelerated secure hashing algorithm,
3727:
3717:
3310:
2484:
2434:
2398:
362:
3940:
3905:
3822:
3798:
3788:
3698:
3674:
3584:
3501:
2508:
2479:
2471:
2429:
2417:
2393:
1888:
529:
316:
283:
2287:
1862:
3684:
3475:
2386:
1672:
1615:
1469:
1427:
1289:
1247:
714:
672:
404:
312:
3976:
3518:
3263:
2156:
208:
88:
3643:
3576:
3463:
3041:
2193:
2179:
3321:
344:
Enhancement in branch prediction which de-couples the fetch pipeline from the instruction decoder.
3563:
3535:
3482:
3305:
3280:
2874:
1916:
535:
286:
Core processors, so it offers a more than 30 percent performance boost compared to the previous
4081:
3621:
3420:
3353:
3295:
2351:
2341:
2336:
2304:
336:
The microcode sequencer can send 3 ÎĽops per cycle for allocation into the reservation stations.
303:
3285:
3007:
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307:
279:
244:
125:
84:
3550:
2617:
491:
452:
291:
153:
129:
2887:
282:(IDF) in Shenzhen, China, April 2016. The Goldmont architecture borrows heavily from the
8:
3243:
2733:
424:
117:
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1192:
789:
617:
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3123:
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264:
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2910:
465:
240:
3051:
3029:
2993:
2791:
2685:
2540:
2372:
2327:
2140:"Intel's Changing Future: Smartphone SoCs Broxton & SoFIA Officially Cancelled"
256:
3703:
3542:
2648:
2621:
522:
52:
3864:
3635:
3506:
1917:"Mesa 13.0 Released With Intel OpenGL 4.5, RADV Radeon Vulkan Driver - Phoronix"
3523:
3513:
3496:
3470:
3449:
3435:
3414:
3188:
2852:
417:
361:
Throughput and latency of instructions for accelerating encryption/decryption (
287:
3568:
3024:
2892:
1793:"Intel Unveils New Low-Cost PC Platform: Apollo Lake with 14nm Goldmont Cores"
4201:
3945:
3879:
3803:
3769:
3722:
3679:
3627:
3616:
3558:
2815:
2805:
2764:
2501:
2092:"More Denverton Noise: Gigabyte's MA1-ST0 Features Unannounced 16-Core C3958"
1516:
There is also an Atom A3900 series exclusively for automotive customers with
223:
4103:
4064:
4015:
3884:
3745:
3068:
2754:
2405:
1935:"Intel Pentium and Celeron Processor N- and J- Series Specification Update"
411:
227:
57:
4074:
4046:
4027:
3987:
3924:
3894:
3854:
3454:
3440:
3426:
2974:
2925:
2915:
2810:
2777:
2772:
2759:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2458:
2453:
1717:
Willow Trail platform was canceled. Apollo Lake will be offered instead.
394:
PAUSE instruction latency is optimized to enable better power efficiency.
327:
4118:
4031:
3991:
3972:
3764:
3383:
3367:
3213:
3208:
3063:
3002:
2947:
2920:
2864:
2745:
2700:
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2564:
2549:
2489:
796:
580:
516:
469:
268:
212:
180:
134:
3845:
3273:
3258:
3218:
3046:
2935:
2930:
2837:
2832:
2346:
1842:"Intel preps 'Apollo Lake' CPUs with 'Goldmont' cores, Gen9 graphics"
477:
458:
369:) have been improved significantly in the Goldmont microarchitecture.
366:
3997:
3487:
3351:
3268:
2847:
2358:
2148:
71:
1820:"Intel claims Apollo Lake will be 30 percent faster than Braswell"
4085:
3379:
3300:
3198:
3036:
3019:
2979:
2900:
2881:
2859:
2559:
2554:
503:
252:
248:
190:
185:
2114:"Intel Atom Processor E3900 and A3900 Series Datasheet Addendum"
1993:"Intel Atom Processor C3000 Product Family Specification Update"
3733:
3223:
2989:
2842:
2827:
2536:
2368:
481:
473:
446:
433:
384:
377:
121:
112:
108:
67:
2787:
2323:
507:
440:
260:
100:
2137:
476:
with latest
Windows 10 driver update (OpenGL 4.5 on Linux),
4107:
3827:
3751:
3661:
3135:
2952:
2822:
2800:
2596:
1767:""Apollo Lake" Atoms to offer graphics-rich Goldmont cores"
373:
278:
platform with 14 nm
Goldmont core was unveiled at the
138:
104:
96:
92:
1817:
2729:
2681:
2468:
2069:"Intel Atom C3000 Series Launch SKUs and Differentiation"
383:
The
Goldmont microarchitecture also adds support for the
487:
HEVC Main10 & VP9 Profile0 hardware decoding support
2106:
1511:
1813:
1811:
1809:
387:
instruction for random number generation meeting the
1889:"Release Notes : DRIVER VERSION: 31.0.101.2115"
1325:
500:
eMMC 5.0 technology to connect to NAND flash storage
1712:
564:
2020:"Model numbers of Apollo Lake processors revealed"
1806:
1145:
2131:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2013:
2011:
1758:
4199:
3930:Backported Sunny Cove microarchitecture for 14nm
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
753:
333:The decoder can decode 3 instructions per cycle.
2017:
525:(ISP) supporting four concurrent camera streams
339:Retirement supports a peak rate of 3 per cycle.
326:An out-of-order execution engine with a 3-wide
2535:
2008:
1784:
559:
3337:
2164:
2033:
1958:"Errata sheet - congatec Apollo Lake designs"
1839:
1833:
1790:
513:Support for DDR3L, LPDDR3, and LPDDR4 memory
2138:Ryan Smith & Ian Cutress (2016-04-29).
3344:
3330:
2171:
2157:
1764:
315:graphics architecture introduced with the
1818:Alexander Fagot/ Allen Ngo (2016-06-07).
3712:L3-cache introduced, 256KB L2-cache/core
1330:List of embedded processors as follows:
16:CPU microarchitecture used in Intel SoCs
3249:Process–architecture–optimization model
2089:
2066:
569:List of desktop processors as follows:
497:4.0 to 6.0 W TDP mobile processors
4223:Computer-related introductions in 2016
4200:
3411:
1150:List of mobile processors as follows:
3491:
3389:
3325:
2152:
1737:List of Intel Celeron microprocessors
1732:List of Intel Pentium microprocessors
1640:
1535:
1345:
1165:
771:
590:
2178:
1727:List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
447:Intel RDRAND and RDSEED instructions
4176:indicates cancelled processors
3732:Introduced GPU on same package and
2067:Kennedy, Patrick (15 August 2017).
1512:Automotive processors (Apollo Lake)
441:Intel AESNI and PCLMUL instructions
13:
3793:Fully integrated voltage regulator
1860:
1769:. Hackerboards.com. Archived from
1742:List of Intel Atom microprocessors
494:(TDP) Desktop or Server processors
14:
4234:
1326:Embedded processors (Apollo Lake)
365:) and carry-less multiplication (
3830:introduced on mainstream desktop
3264:Intel HD, UHD, and Iris Graphics
1713:Tablet processors (Willow Trail)
565:Desktop processors (Apollo Lake)
3660:4 cores on mainstream desktop,
2352:P6 variant (Enhanced Pentium M)
2090:Cutress, Ian (15 August 2017).
2083:
1985:
1146:Mobile processors (Apollo Lake)
429:Consumer chips up to quad-cores
302:Goldmont is the 2nd generation
47:Architecture and classification
4123:Low power mobile only (9-30W)
3910:10 cores on mainstream desktop
2018:Gennadiy Shvets (2016-06-09).
1950:
1927:
1909:
1881:
1854:
461:(Memory Protection Extensions)
1:
3900:8 cores on mainstream desktop
3859:6 cores on mainstream desktop
3750:On-die ring bus, no more non-
3352:Intel CPU core roadmaps from
1863:"Goldmont Takes Atom to 14nm"
1752:
754:Server processors (Denverton)
398:
1967:. 2017-07-26. Archived from
536:Trusted Execution Engine 3.0
528:Audio controller supporting
7:
4182:are microarchitectures
1840:Anton Shilov (2015-06-10).
1791:Anton Shilov (2016-04-15).
1720:
560:List of Goldmont processors
255:branded processors used in
10:
4239:
3387:
3376:
3371:
846:
826:
820:
542:
405:Intel HD and Iris Graphics
402:
169:Products, models, variants
4208:Intel x86 microprocessors
4166:
4137:
4122:
4112:
4097:
4092:
4078:
4051:
4036:
4021:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3996:
3981:
3966:
3961:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3909:
3899:
3888:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3858:
3849:
3839:
3834:
3826:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3749:
3739:
3731:
3721:
3716:
3706:reintroduced, integrated
3702:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3659:
3649:
3615:
3562:
3557:
3529:
3522:
3512:
3469:
3448:
3418:
3378:
3373:
3366:
3361:
3236:
3176:
2988:
2786:
2728:
2679:
2646:
2616:
2609:
2528:
2467:
2367:
2322:
2313:
2186:
1765:Eric Brown (2016-04-18).
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1668:
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1016:
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843:
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837:
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724:
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297:
219:
204:
199:
173:
168:
152:
147:
77:
63:
51:
46:
29:
24:
4213:Intel microarchitectures
1896:Downloadmirror.intel.com
330:pipeline. Specifically:
148:Physical specifications
4218:X86 microarchitectures
4188:are future processors
4037:Hybrid, DDR5, PCIe 5.0
2347:P6 variant (Pentium M)
523:Image Signal Processor
351:entries for 4KB pages.
263:. They allow only one
1747:Atom (system on chip)
1538:branding & model
1520:-Q100 qualification:
1348:branding & model
1168:branding & model
774:branding & model
593:branding & model
517:Integrated Sensor Hub
414:manufacturing process
280:Intel Developer Forum
3982:512 KB L2-cache/core
492:thermal design power
453:Intel SHA extensions
425:tri-gate transistors
292:in-car entertainment
53:Technology node
1822:. Notebookcheck.net
36:80668 (Apollo Lake)
25:General information
21:
3628:Nehalem (NetBurst)
3146:Sandy Bridge-based
2315:Microarchitectures
2300:Microarchitectures
1869:. The Linley Group
538:security subsystem
19:
4195:
4194:
4170:
4169:
3609:Cedarmill (Tejas)
3319:
3318:
3232:
3231:
2605:
2604:
2524:
2523:
1710:
1709:
1509:
1508:
1323:
1322:
1143:
1142:
751:
750:
466:Intel HD Graphics
257:systems on a chip
241:microarchitecture
234:
233:
39:80765 (Denverton)
4230:
3364:
3363:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3151:Ivy Bridge-based
2742:8/16-bit databus
2614:
2613:
2533:
2532:
2529:Current products
2320:
2319:
2180:Intel processors
2173:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2142:. Anandtech.com.
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2071:. Serve the Home
2064:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1962:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
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1924:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1867:The Linley Group
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1762:
1581:Brand name &
1523:
1522:
1391:Brand name &
1333:
1332:
1211:Brand name &
1153:
1152:
758:
757:
636:Brand name &
572:
571:
174:Brand names
22:
18:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4080:
4018:
4000:graphics engine
3711:
3457:
3443:
3429:
3357:
3356:to Panther Lake
3350:
3320:
3315:
3244:Tick–tock model
3228:
3172:
3161:Broadwell-based
3052:Extreme Edition
2984:
2782:
2724:
2675:
2642:
2601:
2520:
2463:
2363:
2309:
2182:
2177:
2147:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2065:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2022:. cpu-world.com
2016:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1940:
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1933:
1932:
1928:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1861:Kanter, David.
1859:
1855:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1825:
1823:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1795:. Anandtech.com
1789:
1785:
1776:
1774:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1723:
1715:
1673:HD Graphics 500
1616:HD Graphics 505
1582:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1541:GPU model
1537:
1532:
1527:
1514:
1470:HD Graphics 500
1428:HD Graphics 505
1392:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1351:GPU model
1347:
1342:
1337:
1328:
1290:HD Graphics 500
1248:HD Graphics 505
1212:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1171:GPU model
1167:
1162:
1157:
1148:
807:
802:
791:
773:
762:
756:
715:HD Graphics 500
673:HD Graphics 505
637:
630:
625:
619:
596:GPU model
592:
583:
576:
567:
562:
545:
436:instruction set
407:
401:
300:
259:(SoCs) made by
195:
164:
143:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4236:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4174:Strike-through
4168:
4167:
4165:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4025:
4020:
4013:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3995:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3825:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3633:
3631:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3574:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3326:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
2999:
2997:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2963:NetBurst-based
2960:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2797:
2795:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2769:32-bit databus
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2751:16-bit databus
2749:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2691:
2689:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2654:
2652:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2625:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2378:
2376:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2206:
2201:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2153:
2146:
2145:
2130:
2105:
2082:
2032:
2007:
1984:
1949:
1926:
1908:
1880:
1853:
1832:
1805:
1783:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
985:
981:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
963:
959:
958:
955:
952:
949:
944:
940:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
919:
915:
914:
911:
908:
905:
900:
896:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
878:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
856:
852:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
828:
825:
822:
818:
817:
814:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
787:
781:
775:
770:
764:
755:
752:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
734:
730:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
712:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
670:
665:
662:
659:
655:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
633:
632:
627:
622:
615:
609:
603:
597:
594:
589:
578:
566:
563:
561:
558:
544:
541:
540:
539:
533:
526:
520:
514:
511:
501:
498:
495:
488:
485:
462:
455:
449:
443:
437:
430:
427:
421:
418:System on chip
415:
400:
397:
396:
395:
392:
389:NIST SP800-90C
381:
370:
359:
355:
352:
348:
345:
342:
341:
340:
337:
334:
299:
296:
243:for low-power
232:
231:
221:
217:
216:
206:
202:
201:
197:
196:
194:
193:
188:
183:
177:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
163:
162:
158:
156:
150:
149:
145:
144:
142:
141:
132:
115:
81:
79:
75:
74:
65:
61:
60:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
41:
40:
37:
33:
31:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4235:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:Goldmont Plus
3876:
3875:Goldmont Plus
3872:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3458:(166–200 MHz)
3456:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3381:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3335:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3167:
3166:Skylake-based
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:Haswell-based
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:Nehalem-based
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2906:Original i586
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:Goldmont Plus
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2141:
2134:
2115:
2109:
2093:
2086:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2021:
2014:
2012:
1994:
1988:
1974:on 2018-04-15
1970:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1936:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1843:
1836:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1794:
1787:
1773:on 2016-06-20
1772:
1768:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1692:
1674:
1664:
1644:
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638:model number
635:
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537:
534:
532:and LPE Audio
531:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
510:specification
509:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
489:
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483:
479:
478:OpenGL ES 3.2
475:
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225:
224:Goldmont Plus
222:
218:
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50:
45:
38:
35:
34:
32:
28:
23:
4186:Italic names
4185:
4179:
4173:
4162:Panther Lake
4160:
4155:
4147:
4142:
4131:
4113:
4093:
4088:architecture
4070:Redwood Cove
4069:
4056:
4022:
4005:
3967:
3950:
3935:
3921:Cypress Cove
3915:
3885:Whiskey Lake
3874:
3840:
3835:
3817:
3783:
3759:
3754:motherboards
3746:Sandy Bridge
3741:Sandy Bridge
3740:
3693:
3669:
3650:
3626:
3607:
3591:
3543:NetBurst(HT)
3530:
3419:
2610:Discontinued
2496:
2447:Cypress Cove
2406:Sandy Bridge
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2024:. Retrieved
1999:. Retrieved
1987:
1976:. Retrieved
1969:the original
1964:
1952:
1941:. Retrieved
1929:
1921:Phoronix.com
1920:
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1895:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1866:
1856:
1845:. Retrieved
1835:
1824:. Retrieved
1797:. Retrieved
1786:
1775:. Retrieved
1771:the original
1760:
1716:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1515:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1329:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1149:
784:
778:
767:
612:
606:
600:
568:
554:
550:
546:
420:architecture
321:
304:out-of-order
301:
275:
273:
236:
235:
228:optimization
64:Instructions
30:Product code
4156:Cougar Cove
4079:Mobile-only
4075:Meteor Lake
4047:Raptor Lake
4043:Raptor Cove
4028:Golden Cove
4023:Golden Cove
3988:Willow Cove
3962:Mobile-only
3957:Cannon Lake
3955:Palm Cove (
3925:Rocket Lake
3895:Coffee Lake
3889:Mobile-only
3869:Mobile-only
3855:Coffee Lake
3577:Prescott‑2M
3455:Pentium Pro
3441:Pentium Pro
3427:Pentium Pro
2459:Golden Cove
2454:Willow Cove
2435:Cannon Lake
2094:. Anandtech
1901:29 December
1603:Automotive
358:throughput.
328:superscalar
276:Apollo Lake
205:Predecessor
4202:Categories
4180:Bold names
4133:Arrow Lake
4119:Lunar Lake
4032:Alder Lake
4019:(10nm ESF)
3992:Tiger Lake
3973:Sunny Cove
3968:Sunny Cove
3916:Sunny Cove
3906:Comet Lake
3865:Amber Lake
3775:Ivy Bridge
3765:Silvermont
3760:Silvermont
3664:introduced
3636:Cedar Mill
3585:Smithfield
3507:Willamette
3502:Coppermine
3403:Microarch.
3395:Microarch.
3368:Atom (ULV)
3254:Intel GPUs
2968:Core-based
2732:(external
2620:oriented (
2490:Silvermont
2442:Sunny Cove
2411:Ivy Bridge
2194:Processors
2123:12 January
2026:2016-06-11
2001:2018-04-13
1978:2018-04-15
1943:2018-04-13
1847:2016-06-11
1826:2016-06-11
1799:2016-06-11
1777:2016-06-11
1753:References
1638:2 MB
1556:GPU freq.
1550:CPU freq.
1533:(threads)
1450:2 MB
1366:GPU freq.
1360:CPU freq.
1343:(threads)
1270:2 MB
1186:GPU freq.
1180:CPU freq.
1163:(Threads)
797:DDR4 speed
783:CPU freq.
768:(threads)
611:GPU freq.
605:CPU freq.
490:10 W
482:OpenCL 2.0
474:OpenGL 4.6
470:DirectX 12
412:14 nm
403:See also:
399:Technology
313:Intel Gen9
306:low-power
213:die shrink
78:Extensions
4114:Lion Cove
4061:Crestmont
4057:Crestmont
4011:Gracemont
4006:Gracemont
3846:Kaby Lake
3809:Broadwell
3549:NetBurst(
3531:Pentium M
3524:Northwood
3476:Deschutes
3444:(150 MHz)
3430:(133 MHz)
3374:Node name
3306:Codenames
3219:StrongARM
3057:Dual-Core
3030:Dual-Core
2941:Dual-Core
2911:OverDrive
2860:A100/A110
2853:OverDrive
2647:pre-x86 (
2514:Gracemont
2423:Broadwell
2098:15 August
2075:15 August
1873:17 August
1536:Processor
1413:Embedded
1346:Processor
1166:Processor
772:Processor
591:Processor
588:= cores)
459:Intel MPX
457:Supports
451:Supports
445:Supports
439:Supports
432:Supports
391:standard.
367:PCLMULQDQ
294:systems.
220:Successor
4148:Darkmont
4143:Darkmont
4128:? (TSMC)
3977:Ice Lake
3841:Goldmont
3836:Goldmont
3728:Westmere
3718:Saltwell
3569:Prescott
3519:Tualatin
3488:NetBurst
3311:Larrabee
3189:iAPX 432
3124:11th gen
3119:10th gen
2958:P6-based
2848:RapidCAD
2590:14th gen
2585:13th gen
2580:12th gen
2575:11th gen
2570:10th gen
2497:Goldmont
2485:Saltwell
2399:Westmere
2359:NetBurst
2305:Chipsets
1965:congatec
1721:See also
1666:Atom x5
1609:Atom x7
1528:segment
1461:Atom x5
1453:Q3 2016
1419:Atom x7
1338:segment
1281:Celeron
1273:Q3 2016
1239:Pentium
1158:segment
1136:Q3 2017
1111:Q1 2017
943:12 (12)
918:12 (12)
899:12 (12)
877:12 (12)
855:16 (16)
847:Q3 2017
824:16 (16)
763:segment
706:Celeron
698:Q3 2016
664:Pentium
658:Desktop
577:segment
530:HD Audio
484:support.
288:Braswell
237:Goldmont
72:Intel 64
20:Goldmont
4099:Skymont
4094:Skymont
4086:chiplet
4065:Intel 4
4016:Intel 7
3951:Skylake
3941:Tremont
3936:Tremont
3897:Refresh
3823:Skylake
3818:Skylake
3799:Airmont
3789:Haswell
3784:Haswell
3699:Nehalem
3694:Nehalem
3675:Bonnell
3670:Bonnell
3644:Presler
3464:Klamath
3380:Pentium
3301:Stratix
3237:Related
3199:Itanium
3114:9th gen
3109:8th gen
3104:7th gen
3099:6th gen
3094:5th gen
3089:4th gen
3084:3rd gen
3079:2nd gen
3074:1st gen
3037:Pentium
3020:Celeron
2980:Tolapai
2901:Pentium
2884:(1998)
2882:Celeron
2773:80387DX
2765:80387SX
2560:Pentium
2555:Celeron
2509:Tremont
2480:Bonnell
2430:Skylake
2418:Haswell
2394:Nehalem
2293:Itanium
2209:Pentium
2204:Celeron
2119:. Intel
1595:Normal
1569:Release
1379:Release
1233:Mobile
1199:Release
821:Server
801:Release
624:Release
586:threads
543:Erratum
504:USB 3.1
317:Skylake
284:Skylake
253:Pentium
249:Celeron
209:Airmont
200:History
191:Pentium
186:Celeron
3734:AES-NI
3685:Penryn
3564:Dothan
3536:Banias
3514:130 nm
3497:180 nm
3483:Katmai
3471:250 nm
3450:350 nm
3436:500 nm
3415:600 nm
3224:XScale
2994:64-bit
2990:x86-64
2895:(2004)
2792:32-bit
2755:80C187
2748:(1980)
2721:(1982)
2715:(1982)
2709:(1982)
2703:(1979)
2697:(1978)
2686:16-bit
2680:Early
2672:(1977)
2666:(1974)
2660:(1972)
2639:(1974)
2633:(1971)
2541:64-bit
2537:x86-64
2387:Penryn
2373:64-bit
2369:x86-64
2328:32-bit
1697:A3930
1694:2 (2)
1669:A3940
1646:A3950
1612:A3960
1606:4 (4)
1598:Turbo
1592:Turbo
1576:(USD)
1558:(MHz)
1552:(GHz)
1526:Target
1491:2 (2)
1416:4 (4)
1408:Turbo
1402:Turbo
1386:(USD)
1368:(MHz)
1362:(GHz)
1336:Target
1308:2 (2)
1303:$ 107
1276:$ 161
1236:4 (4)
1228:Turbo
1222:Turbo
1206:(USD)
1188:(MHz)
1182:(GHz)
1156:Target
1119:2 (2)
1091:2 (2)
1077:11.25
1069:4 (4)
1050:4 (4)
1028:4 (4)
1023:$ 209
1006:8 (8)
1001:$ 171
984:8 (8)
979:$ 193
973:16 MB
962:8 (8)
957:$ 369
938:$ 289
913:$ 323
894:$ 332
891:12 MB
872:$ 434
850:$ 449
841:16 MB
816:Turbo
808:(USD)
785:(GHz)
766:Cores
761:Target
733:2 (2)
728:$ 107
701:$ 161
661:4 (4)
653:Turbo
647:Turbo
631:(USD)
613:(MHz)
607:(GHz)
575:Target
506:&
464:Gen 9
434:SSE4.2
385:RDSEED
378:SHA256
298:Design
265:thread
122:RDRAND
118:AES-NI
113:SSE4.2
109:SSE4.1
68:x86-64
3946:10 nm
3804:14 nm
3770:22 nm
3723:32 nm
3710:, PCH
3680:45 nm
3656:Merom
3622:Yonah
3617:65 nm
3593:Tejas
3559:90 nm
3296:PIIXs
3177:Other
2975:Quark
2788:IA-32
2778:80487
2760:80287
2719:80286
2713:80188
2707:80186
2649:8-bit
2622:4-bit
2324:IA-32
2288:Quark
2187:Lists
2117:(PDF)
1996:(PDF)
1972:(PDF)
1961:(PDF)
1938:(PDF)
1892:(PDF)
1623:12.5
1589:Base
1574:Price
1571:date
1565:cache
1531:Cores
1495:E3930
1465:E3940
1423:E3950
1405:Base
1399:Base
1384:Price
1381:date
1375:cache
1341:Cores
1312:N3350
1285:N3450
1243:N4200
1225:Base
1219:Base
1204:Price
1201:date
1195:cache
1161:Cores
1139:$ 32
1123:C3308
1114:$ 27
1108:4 MB
1095:C3338
1086:$ 86
1083:1866
1073:C3508
1064:$ 75
1054:C3538
1045:$ 86
1042:8 MB
1032:C3558
1020:2133
1010:C3708
988:C3750
976:2400
966:C3758
947:C3808
935:2133
922:C3830
903:C3850
881:C3858
859:C3955
844:2400
831:C3958
827:Atom
813:Base
806:Price
803:date
792:cache
737:J3355
710:J3455
695:2 MB
668:J4205
650:Base
644:Base
629:Price
626:date
620:cache
581:Cores
508:USB-C
468:with
261:Intel
239:is a
154:Cores
126:CLMUL
101:SSSE3
58:14 nm
4108:TSMC
3828:DDR4
3752:UEFI
3662:DDR3
3651:Core
3407:Step
3399:Step
3384:Core
3291:ICHs
3286:SCHs
3281:PCHs
3214:i960
3209:i860
3204:RISC
3194:EPIC
3184:CISC
3136:Xeon
3064:Core
3003:Atom
2953:Xeon
2948:Core
2865:Atom
2823:i486
2801:i386
2794:x86)
2746:8087
2734:FPUs
2701:8088
2695:8086
2670:8085
2664:8080
2658:8008
2637:4040
2631:4004
2597:Xeon
2565:Core
2550:Atom
2382:Core
2330:x86)
2283:Xeon
2246:Core
2199:Atom
2125:2018
2100:2017
2077:2017
1903:2022
1875:2017
1706:550
1703:1.3
1689:600
1686:400
1683:1.8
1661:650
1658:500
1655:2.0
1652:1.6
1649:9.5
1635:750
1632:600
1629:2.4
1626:1.9
1546:(W)
1544:TDP
1505:550
1502:1.3
1499:6.5
1486:600
1483:400
1480:1.8
1477:9.5
1447:650
1444:500
1441:2.0
1438:1.6
1356:(W)
1354:TDP
1319:650
1316:2.4
1300:700
1297:2.2
1267:750
1264:200
1261:2.5
1258:1.1
1176:(W)
1174:TDP
1133:2.1
1130:1.6
1127:9.5
1105:2.2
1102:1.5
1080:1.6
1061:2.1
1039:2.2
1017:1.7
998:2.4
995:2.2
970:2.2
954:2.0
932:2.3
929:1.9
910:2.4
907:2.1
888:2.0
869:2.4
866:2.1
838:2.0
779:(W)
777:TDP
747:700
744:2.5
741:2.0
725:750
722:2.3
692:800
689:250
686:2.6
683:1.5
601:(W)
599:TDP
480:and
376:and
374:SHA1
308:Atom
274:The
269:core
267:per
251:and
245:Atom
181:Atom
139:VT-d
135:VT-x
105:SSE4
97:SSE3
93:SSE2
4152:18A
4104:N3B
4082:NPU
3274:Arc
3259:GMA
3008:SoC
2926:III
2916:Pro
2875:SoC
2838:DX4
2833:DX2
2811:376
2730:x87
2682:x86
2618:BCD
2472:ULV
2469:x86
2224:III
2214:Pro
1677:12
1620:18
1586:EU
1518:AEC
1474:12
1435:12
1432:18
1396:EU
1294:12
1252:18
1216:EU
1058:15
1036:16
1014:17
992:21
951:25
926:21
885:25
863:32
835:31
719:12
680:10
677:18
641:EU
423:3D
363:AES
161:2–4
130:SHA
89:SSE
85:MMX
4204::
4084:,
3708:MC
3704:HT
3551:Ă—2
3421:P6
3354:P6
3269:Xe
3013:CE
2921:II
2870:CE
2843:SL
2828:SX
2816:EX
2806:SX
2342:P6
2337:P5
2271:i9
2266:i7
2261:i5
2256:i3
2219:II
2035:^
2010:^
1963:.
1919:.
1894:.
1865:.
1808:^
1700:6
1680:8
1641:?
1563:L2
1456:?
1373:L2
1255:6
1193:L2
1099:9
790:L2
618:L2
472:,
410:A
319:.
271:.
247:,
137:,
128:,
124:,
120:,
111:,
107:,
103:,
99:,
95:,
91:,
87:,
70:,
4110:)
4106:(
4049:)
4045:(
4034:)
4030:(
3998:X
3994:)
3990:(
3979:)
3975:(
3959:)
3927:)
3923:(
3640:⇨
3604:→
3601:⇩
3598:→
3581:⇨
3573:⇨
3553:)
3382:/
3345:e
3338:t
3331:v
3129:M
3069:2
3047:D
3042:4
3025:D
2996:)
2992:(
2936:M
2931:4
2893:D
2888:M
2790:(
2736:)
2688:)
2684:(
2651:)
2624:)
2543:)
2539:(
2375:)
2371:(
2326:(
2276:M
2251:2
2239:M
2234:D
2229:4
2172:e
2165:t
2158:v
2127:.
2102:.
2079:.
2029:.
2004:.
1981:.
1946:.
1923:.
1905:.
1877:.
1850:.
1829:.
1802:.
1780:.
584:(
380:.
230:)
226:(
215:)
211:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.