1156:. The new Burmese leaders turned Burma into a Socialist Republic with isolationism, and a Burmese superiority. The newfound Burmese nationalism put the Bamar majority at the forefront, undoing the unification initiated through the Pin-Lone agreement. Additionally, the growing disdain was enhanced through the forced coexistence between members of different religions. Bamar kingdoms were almost exclusively Buddhist in the past. Most ethnic groups within the Shan, Kayin, Kayar, and Chin state practiced their own versions of Animism, while people of the Islamic faith lived alongside the Buddhists in the Arakan (now Rakhine) state. The annexation of all the diverse groups into the British India deepened the religious polarization. The movement of people across the border caused by the colonization added a large group of Hindu followers to the mix. The strenuous conversion campaigns by the Catholic Christians and their competition with the Methodist colonialists additionally divided minority groups such as the Karen and Kachin within themselves. The colonial departure unleashed the animosity that has been building towards one other. The death of
1114:, a coalition of mostly members of the Bamar ethnic group volunteered to fight alongside the Japanese in hope of overthrowing the occupying British forces. Meanwhile, many other ethnic groups supported the Allied forces against the Bamar-backed Japanese forces. This conflict would come to be very significant in the aftermath of World War II when Burma was granted its independence from Great Britain in 1948. Prior to the end of their colonization, the British government had created a novel map of the country with new borders that included some previously sovereign ethnicities. Many groups of racially and culturally diverse people suddenly found themselves as part of a country that was named after the Bamar, a group they did not identify with. The division created during World War II only exacerbated the growing resentment towards the Bamar. By granting independence to Burma, the British government handed the control of all the containing ethnicities over to the Bamar.
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240:
351:
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1129:, which was signed by every ethnic leader in support of the newfound union. Aung San's unprecedented assassination prior to the absolute fulfillment of the Pin-Lone agreement undid the unification he led. His death marked the short lived period of peace within the new nation, unleashing a power vacuum that has not been filled properly since. A period of instability with leaders that failed to represent every ethnicity's best interest followed.
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3587:) with on an equal number of representatives elected from Regions and States. The People's Assembly consists of 440 representatives, with 110 being military personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services. The House of Nationalities consists of 224 representatives with 56 being military personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services.
1257:
November 2020. While the military contested the results of the election claiming fraudulent without any proof or investigation. This situation was followed by the military performing coup d'état on 1 February 2021, taking the presidential powers from the NLD government by brute force. Shortly after taking control of the government, the military began breaking the
3639:’s command, by monks from the writings of earlier Mon scholars preserved in the monasteries of his kingdom. (Wareru seized Martaban in 1281 and obtained the recognition of China as the ruler of Lower Burma and founded a kingdom which lasted until 1539. Martaban was its first capital, and remained so until 1369. It stretched southwards as far as Tenasserim.)
1493:. The US government banned all imports from Burma as part of the "Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act" of 2003. Sanctions have been criticised for their adverse effects on the civilian population. However, Burmese democracy movement leader Aung San Suu Kyi has repeatedly credited sanctions for putting pressure on the ruling military regime.
1678:, which was only re-registered for the by-elections on 13 December 2011 won in 43 of the 44 seats they contested (out of 46). Significantly, international observers were invited to monitor the elections, although the government was criticised for placing too many restrictions on election monitors, some of whom were denied visas.
1427:
US and
European government sanctions against the military government, combined with consumer boycotts and shareholder pressure organised by Free Burma activists, have succeeded in forcing most western corporations to withdraw from Burma. However, some western oil companies remain due to loopholes in
1625:
would end 5 decades of military rule, as the new charter gives the military an automatic 25% of seats in parliament. NLD spokesman Nyan Win, inter alia, criticised the referendum: "This referendum was full of cheating and fraud across the country. In some villages, authorities and polling station
1069:
collapsed following recurring Mongol invasions, leading to 250 years of political divide. In the time period between 1510 and 1752, the area was united as Burma by the
Toungoo dynasty, which was the largest Southeast Asian empire in the 16th century. From 1752 to 1885, the Toungoo administrative
1256:
and members of the governing party, National League for
Democracy, had been arrested and detained by the military. Spokesman for the NLD, Myo Nyunt said "he military seems to take control of the capital now." These conflicts arose after the NLD had claimed victory after a successful election in
1529:
In 2001, the government permitted NLD office branches to re-open throughout Burma. However, they were shut down or heavily restricted beginning 2004, as part of a government campaign to prohibit such activities. In 2006, many members resigned from NLD, citing harassment and pressure from the
1685:
on poll irregularities, voter intimidation, and purported campaign incidents that involved
National League for Democracy members and supporters, while the National League for Democracy also sent an official complaint to the commission, regarding ballots that had been tampered with.
1212:. This displacement of peoples led, and continues to lead to human rights violations as well as the exploitation of minority ethnic groups at the hands of the dominant Bamar group. The primary actors in these ethnic struggles include, but are not limited to, the military, the
1452:
The United States and
European clothing and shoe industry became the target of Free Burma activists for buying from factories in Burma that were wholly or partly owned by the government or the military. Many stopped sourcing from Burma after protests, starting with
1545:
under house arrest again on 31 May 2003, following an attack on her convoy in northern Burma by a mob reported to be in league with the military. The regime extended her house arrest for yet another year in late
November 2005. Despite a direct appeal by
1285:
In late 1946 Aung San became Deputy
Chairman of the Executive Council of Burma, a transitional government. But on 19 July 1947, political rivals assassinated Aung San and several cabinet members. On 4 January 1948, the nation became an independent
1239:
system, although problems remained, including outsized influence by the military under the 2008 constitution, as well as economic and ethnic issues. In 2015 the military began taking steps to make peace with various ethnic armed groups calling a
1745:
According to the results announced by the Union
Election Commission on 13 November 2015, the NLD won 238 seats in the lower house and 348 seats in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, exceeding the required number to form a government and elect a president.
1569:
and calling for Aung San Suu Kyi's release—80 countries voting for the resolution, 25 against and 45 abstentions. Other nations, such as China and Russia, have been less critical of the regime and prefer to co-operate on economic matters.
3595:
Burma's judicial system is limited. British-era laws and legal systems remain much intact, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial. The judiciary is not independent of the executive branch. Burma does not accept compulsory
1125:, who led the fight for independence, was able to convince the leaders of the other ethnic groups that fought alongside the Burmese to remain as one country. The formation of the new Burmese constitution in 1948 was cemented by the
1440:
from Burma to
Thailand. TotalEnergies (formerly TotalFinaElf) is the subject of a lawsuit in French and Belgian courts for alleged complicity in human rights abuses along the gas pipeline. Before it was acquired by Chevron,
1659:
declared victory, winning 259 of the 330 contested seats. The United
Nations and many Western countries have condemned the elections as fraudulent, although the decision to hold elections was praised by China and Russia.
3653:(1472–92) was the greatest of the Mon rulers of Wareru's line. He was famous for his wisdom and the collection of his rulings were recorded in the Kalyani stone inscriptions and known as the Dammazedi pyatton.
1377:, or economic isolation. The Burmese Was to Socialism emphasized that the military was to have a central role in governing the country, and that the Burmese language and Buddhism were central to identity.
4038:
1349:; he was the first non-Westerner to head any international organisation and would serve as UN Secretary-General for ten years. Among the Burmese to work at the UN when he was Secretary-General was a young
4663:
1511:, formed in 2002 to raise awareness among the people of Burma about their human rights, claims that on 18 April 2007, several of its members were met by approximately a hundred people led by a local
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BURMA, D. G. E. HALL, M.A., D.LIT., F.R.HIST.S. Professor Emeritus of the University of London and formerly professor of history in the University of Rangoon, Burma. Third edition 1960. Page 35-36
1738:
The resounding victory of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy in 2015 general elections raised hopes for a successful political transition from a closely held military rule to a free
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BURMA, D. G. E. HALL, M.A., D.LIT., F.R.HIST.S., Professor Emeritus of the University of London and formerly professor of history in the University of Rangoon, Burma. Third edition 1960. Page 34
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remarked that the by-elections were conducted "in a very successful manner", and many foreign countries have indicated willingness to lift or loosen sanctions on Burma and its military leaders.
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in 2000. There are reportedly 600,000 of these internally displaced peoples living in Burma today. Many are trying to escape forced labour in the military or for one of the many state-sponsored
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There were sporadic protests against military rule during the Ne Win years and these were almost always violently suppressed. On 7 July 1962, the government broke up demonstrations at
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3788:. In particular, what does "participation" mean here? How are these organizations relevant to the politics of Myanmar? A bit of prose before the list may be enough to clarify.
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The United Nations urged the country to move towards inclusive national reconciliation, the restoration of democracy, and full respect for human rights. In December 2008, the
1764:
The Tatmadaw, under the leadership of Min Aung Hlaing, seized power from the civilian government after detaining Aung San Suu Kyi and other democratically elected leaders in
1053:
The first known city-states emerged in central Myanmar in the second century AD. They were founded by Tibeto-Burman-speaking migrants from present-day Yunnan. The history of
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began with its official recognition on the colonial map that marks its new borders containing over 100 ethnicities. It was named Burma after the dominant ethnic group
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5374:"စစ်ကိုင်း၊ တနင်္သာရီနှင့် ဧရာဝတီ တိုင်းဒေသကြီး စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ ဥက္ကဋ္ဌများအား တာဝန်မှ အနားယူခွင့်ပြုခဲ့ပြီး ပြည်ထောင်စု ဝန်ကြီးဌာနအချို့ကို ပြင်ဆင်ဖွဲ့စည်း"
1388:. Student protests in 1975, 1976 and 1977 were quickly suppressed by overwhelming force. The military government of General Ne Win was deposed following the massive
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in 1992. From 1992 to 2003, Free Burma activists successfully forced dozens of clothing and shoe companies to stop sourcing from Burma. These companies included
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Beginning in the late 1950s, and continuing through at least 2024, Myanmar's military has played a major role in shaping or directing the country's politics.
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to limit the materials citizens can access on-line, including free email services, free web hosting and most political opposition and pro-democracy pages.
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Myanmar general elections were held on 8 November 2015. These were the first openly contested elections held in Myanmar since 1990. The results gave the
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junta which took power in 1988 had been responsible for the displacement of several hundred thousand citizens, both inside and outside of Burma. The
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in 1962. The uncertainty and chaos paved the way for a Burmese nationalist government to take over. From 1962 to 1988, the country was ruled by the
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An election was held in 2010, with 40 parties approved to contest the elections by the Electoral Commission. some of which are linked to
1609:
was overwhelmingly approved (by 92.4% of the 22 million voters with alleged voter turnout of 99%) on 10 May 2008 in the first phase of a
1321:. The geographical area Burma encompasses today can be traced to the Panglong Agreement, which combined Burma proper, which consisted of
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of seats in both chambers of the national parliament, enough to ensure that its candidate would become president, while NLD leader
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in Burma and the military government suppresses political activity. The government uses software-based filtering from US company
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3731:. There are also five Self-administrated zones and a Self-administrated Division "for National races with suitable population"
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1192:, where they are also abused by an unfriendly and unsympathetic government. These groups are perhaps more fortunate than the
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Kipgen, Nehginpao. "Democracy Movement in Myanmar: Problems and Challenges". New Delhi: Ruby Press & Co., 2014. Print.
4531:
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1558:, the Burmese government extended Aung San Suu Kyi's house arrest another year on 27 May 2006. She was released in 2010.
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3513:) has the right to appoint 25% of the members in all legislative assembly which means that legislations cannot obtain
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1345:, Burma's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and former secretary to the Prime Minister, was elected
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as its first prime minister. Unlike almost all other former British colonies, it did not become a member of the
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Saw Eh Htoo and Tony Waters (2024). General Ne Win's Legacy of Burmanization in Myanmar. Palgrave MacMillan.
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1160:, and the following leaderships ensured the lasting conflicts between every cultural and religious group. The
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1384:, killing 15 students. In 1974, the military violently suppressed anti-government protests at the funeral of
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1581:, including permitting multiple political parties to contest elections in 2010 and 2012 and the release of
959:
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371:
5392:"နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ စီမံခန့်ခွဲရေး ကော်မတီကို အိမ်စောင့်အစိုးရအဖွဲ့ အဖြစ် ပြင်ဆင်ဖွဲ့စည်း"
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Secretary U Nyunt Oo and beaten up. The HRDP believes that this attack was condoned by the authorities.
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without support from Tatmadaw, thus preventing democratically elected members from amending the
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3631:) was the earliest law-book in Burma. It consists of laws ascribed to the ancient Indian sage,
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settled a similar lawsuit for a reported multimillion-dollar amount. Asian businesses, such as
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Wa Selfadministrated division (Hopang, Mongmao, Panwai, Pangsang, Naphan and Metman townships)
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5299:"ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ အမိန့်အမှတ် ၁၇၇ / ၂၀၂၁"
3994:
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On 31 January 2021, it was reported by multiple media and news outlets that the military had
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who held the title of "Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council". His appointed
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3581:) elected on the basis of township as well as population, and the House of Nationalities (
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The Union Solidarity and Development Party said it would lodge official complaints to the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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cemented the social, political, and civil unrests that have plagued the country since.
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allege continued human rights abuses in ongoing conflicts in border regions such as
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1373:". The military expropriated private businesses and followed an economic policy of
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Head of State and Government, Deputy Head of Government, and Deputy Head of State
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officials ticked the ballots themselves and did not let the voters do anything".
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in 1988 when thousands died, but immediately replaced by another military junta.
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4968:"Myanmar leader praises by-elections that put Suu Kyi in office as 'successful'"
4103:"Myanmar coup: Protesters undeterred by police killings | DW | 21 February 2021"
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which controls Myanmar police forces and the administration of the country and
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1742:. This transition was widely believed to be determining the future of Myanmar.
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5216:"Myanmar Junta Leader Reshuffles Cabinet Days After Extending Emergency Rule"
4577:
4417:"Burma's push for freedom is held back by its institutionally corrupt courts"
4076:
3724:
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The military gave up some of its power in 2011, leading to the creation of a
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abuses by the military government. Civil liberties are severely restricted.
1449:, continue to invest in Burma, particularly in natural resource extraction.
7114:
6995:
4387:"Active Citizens under Political Wraps: Experiences from Burma and Vietnam"
3708:
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2595:
2387:
2006:
1926:
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1111:
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4065:"What is going on in Myanmar after military coup removes Aung San Suu Kyi"
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and established a socialist military government that sought to create a "
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achieved independence from Britain, and became a democracy based on the
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5298:
4028:"Electing Presidents in Presidential and Semi-Presidential Democracies"
3728:
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2619:
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1982:
1913:
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by taking aggressive actions in territories controlled by its signers.
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499:
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3635:, and brought to Burma by Hindu colonists. The collection was made at
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1940:
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1551:
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1405:
1307:
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509:
458:
5284:
5048:"EU likely to further eased sanctions on Myanmar : spokeswoman"
987:
206:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
75:
7285:
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2419:
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2074:
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2021:
1997:
1933:
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1287:
1189:
1157:
1122:
1075:
963:
5514:
page 2 of the Burma Policy Briefing by the Transnational Institute
5078:"Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy Wins Majority in Myanmar"
1652:
but were never allowed to take power, decided not to participate.
6559:
5831:
5822:
5599:
4728:
3667:
Burma is divided into seven regions (previously called divisions-
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until 19 October 2004, when he was forcibly deposed in favour of
1385:
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1342:
1275:
1054:
932:
275:
5943:
Acting Cabinet of the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
5186:
Myanmar Military Appoints Ex-Generals, USDP Members to New Govt
3959:
3949:
3636:
1446:
1442:
1362:
1065:
founded the first unified Myanmar state at Bagan. In 1287, the
4035:
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
5258:. The Global New Light of Myanmar. 1 February 2023. p. 6
4529:
UN Secretary Repeats Call for Release of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi
4194:
The Ripple Effect: China's Complex Presence in Southeast Asia
3964:
3898:
3848:
1555:
4474:"Suu Kyi's Detention Extended, Supporters likely to Protest"
2642:
Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation
3984:
3954:
3939:
3888:
3873:
3868:
3762:
3675:), classified by ethnic composition. The seven regions are
1299:
1057:
as a unified entity, formerly called Burma, began with the
3349:
1749:
4854:"Myanmar Election Observation Encouraging But Inadequate"
3979:
3969:
3929:
3908:
3853:
1333:, which had been administered separately by the British.
1204:
in their own state since being removed from lands by the
6215:
Union Government Office (1), Union Government Office (2)
5532:
The River of Lost Footsteps: A Personal History of Burma
5018:"ASEAN leaders call for sanctions on Burma to be lifted"
4595:"China calls for all Myanmar sanctions to go after poll"
4357:"Reuters Belgian group seeks Total boycott over Myanmar"
3879:
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)
1674:
In by-elections held in 2012, the main opposition party
4942:"NLD files official complaint against ballot tampering"
3909:
International Monetary Fund Organization (IMO) -see IMF
3561:
the legislative power of the Union is shared among the
4447:"Internet Filtering in Burma in 2005: A Country Study"
3537:
which is the largest economic corporation in Myanmar.
3509:
The Commander-in-Chief of the Myanmar Defense Forces (
1577:, Burma's military government agreed to embark upon a
7692:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5204:
2330:
Minister of Investment and Foreign Economic Relations
5357:
Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
5339:
Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
5321:
Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
5303:
Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
4718:
Suu Kyi party splits, faction to run in Myanmar poll
1090:
After 1885, the country was administered as part of
5938:
National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma
5765:
National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma
5552:
General Ne Win's Legacy of Burmanization in Myanmar
4747:"The Slow Thaw of Burma's Notorious Military Junta"
4251:. London and New Jersey: Zed Books. pp. 42–43.
3600:jurisdiction. The highest court in the land is the
3110:
Minister of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement
1428:the sanctions. For example, the French oil company
1140:Democracy was suspended in the country following a
100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6575:
5285:"ပြည်ထောင်စုဝန်ကြီးတာဝန် ပြောင်းရွှေ့ခန့်အပ်ခြင်း"
5247:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5201:
4775:
4656:"Cyclone-hit Myanmar says 92 percent back charter"
4911:"Myanmar ruling party claims poll irregularities"
4885:"Australian monitors denied visas ahead of polls"
4687:"Burma bans marching and chanting during rallies"
3383:Vice Chairman of the State Administration Council
2519:Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation
1883:Vice Chairman of the State Administration Council
1188:ethnic groups have sought asylum in neighbouring
7716:
6180:Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation
5468:
5456:
5432:
5420:
4828:"China praises much-criticised Myanmar election"
4571:Myanmar breaks own law holding Suu Kyi: UN panel
1735:is constitutionally barred from the presidency.
5848:Gazette of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
5444:
5410:"ပြည်ထောင်စုဝန်ကြီးတာဝန်မှ အနားယူခွင့်ပြုခြင်း"
5236:
4917:. InterAksyon.com. 6 April 2012. Archived from
4778:"Burmese election won by military-backed party"
4744:
4249:Burma -Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity
3752:Pao (Hopong, Hshihseng and Pinlaung townships),
5529:
5253:"State Administration Council Order No 6/2023"
4769:
3529:which controls border affairs of the country,
7301:
6544:
5805:
5580:
4471:
3626:
3525:which in turn controls Myanmar Armed Forces,
2563:Minister of Cooperative and Rural Development
913:
3794:. There might be a discussion about this on
3604:. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is
3521:. He can also directly appoint ministers in
3500:Chairman of the State Administration Council
3366:Chairman of the State Administration Council
1852:Chairman of the State Administration Council
1536:Union Solidarity and Development Association
1102:, who make up 68 percent of the population.
4991:"Singapore welcomes Myanmar's progress: PM"
4887:. Democratic Voice of Burma. Archived from
4025:
3884:International Development Association (IDA)
3656:
1617:. It was the first national vote since the
1247:
1016:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
7308:
7294:
6551:
6537:
6286:National Planning and Economic Development
6276:Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development
5812:
5798:
5587:
5573:
4389:. Heinrich Böll Foundation. Archived from
920:
906:
6236:Communications and Information Technology
6165:Investment and Foreign Economic Relations
6027:Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
4882:
4410:
4408:
4264:"Can Another Asian Fill U Thant's Shoes?"
3814:Learn how and when to remove this message
3608:, and the Attorney General is also named
2493:Minister of Religious Affairs and Culture
1775:
1356:
1336:
1036:Learn how and when to remove this message
803:Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
323:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
5653:Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
5279:
5277:
5275:
5273:
4684:
4497:
4222:"The Constitution of the Union of Burma"
3763:International organisation participation
3544:
2589:Minister of Transport and Communications
1714:
1706:
1648:, which overwhelmingly won the previous
300:of all important aspects of the article.
6256:Environmental Conservation and Forestry
6200:Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement
5594:
5164:tatmadaw-names-new-government-officials
5015:
4939:
4623:
4327:"How Best to Rid the World of Monsters"
4293:
4008:United Nations Special Envoy on Myanmar
3834:Association of South East Asian Nations
3738:Naga (Leshi, Lahe and Namyun townships)
3490:The president is the head of state and
2224:Minister of Union Government Office (2)
2130:Minister of Union Government Office (1)
1750:2021 military coup and subsequent junta
1424:offices are held by military officers.
1347:Secretary-General of the United Nations
977:
14:
7717:
6266:Labour, Employment and Social Security
6080:Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation
5550:Eh Htoo, Saw and Tony Waters (2024).
5368:
5366:
5132:
4988:
4982:
4776:Reuters in Rangoon (9 November 2010).
4711:
4666:from the original on 15 September 2017
4405:
4214:
3749:Kokang (Konkyan and Laukkai townships)
3746:Palaung (Namshan and Manton townships)
3480:Union Solidarity and Development Party
2769:Minister of Immigration and Population
1657:Union Solidarity and Development Party
1244:which was signed by many such groups.
296:Please consider expanding the lead to
7289:
6532:
6455:Myanma Investment and Commercial Bank
6358:National Defence and Security Council
5793:
5568:
5270:
5145:from the original on 11 February 2017
5135:"Hundred days of Myanmar's democracy"
5114:from the original on 11 February 2017
5088:from the original on 13 November 2015
4788:from the original on 11 November 2010
4367:from the original on 14 November 2019
4324:
4306:from the original on 11 February 2021
4246:
4113:from the original on 21 February 2021
4083:from the original on 12 February 2021
3755:Danu (Ywangan and Pindaya townships),
3642:
3540:
3494:head of government, and oversees the
2382:Minister of International Cooperation
1135:
1117:
747:Ministry of International Cooperation
704:Self-Administered Zones and Divisions
699:States, Regions and Union Territories
390:National Defence and Security Council
7315:
7251:
6558:
6499:
6460:Myanma Agricultural Development Bank
5534:. London: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
5335:"Reorganization of union ministries"
4548:UN General Assembly condemns Myanmar
4449:. OpenNet Initiative. Archived from
4414:
4294:Horsley, William (20 October 2004).
4261:
4026:Abebe, Adem; Bulmer, Elliot (2019).
3766:
3615:
3527:Ministry of Border Affairs (Myanmar)
3040:Minister of Sports and Youth Affairs
1663:
1509:Human Rights Defenders and Promoters
1074:. The thousand-year line of Burmese
1014:adding citations to reliable sources
981:
269:
233:
171:
98:adding citations to reliable sources
69:
28:
6710:State Peace and Development Council
6487:
5363:
5353:"appointment of new union minister"
4191:
4185:
4044:from the original on 10 August 2023
3575:consists of the People's Assembly (
3330:
1768:. A military junta, officially the
1600:
1565:passed a resolution condemning the
1269:
24:
6406:Securities and Exchange Commission
6271:Labour, Immigration and Population
6100:Cooperatives and Rural Development
5520:
5028:from the original on 27 March 2014
4960:
4883:Hindstrom, Hanna (30 March 2012).
4632:. Associated Press. Archived from
4427:from the original on 28 March 2012
4143:from the original on 11 April 2021
4062:
3590:
3531:Ministry of Home Affairs (Myanmar)
3298:Minister of Electricity and Energy
2981:Minister of Science and Technology
2425:2 February 2021 and 30 August 2021
1948:
25:
7741:
5317:"formation of new union ministry"
5016:Murdoch, Lindsay (5 April 2012).
4864:from the original on 6 April 2012
4745:Andrew Marshall (11 April 2011).
4738:
4685:Buncombe, Andrew (23 June 2010).
4626:"Abuses in Burma Despite Reforms"
4337:from the original on 19 July 2005
4173:from the original on 20 June 2023
3839:Chittagong City Corporation (CCC)
3663:Administrative divisions of Burma
1760:Provisional Government of Myanmar
1585:. However, organizations such as
1226:Restoration Council of Shan State
44:This article has multiple issues.
7702:
7676:
7667:
7666:
7262:
7250:
7239:
7238:
6511:
6510:
6498:
6486:
6474:
6396:National Human Rights Commission
5821:
5720:Republic of the Union of Myanmar
5561:. Singapore: Palgrave MacMillan.
4970:. Associated Press. 6 April 2012
4858:Asian Network for Free Elections
3894:Irrawaddy Flotilla Company (IFC)
3771:
3348:
3339:
2302:Minister of Planning and Finance
1696:
1629:
1167:
1048:
986:
958:presidential republic under its
880:
862:National Human Rights Commission
349:
274:
238:
176:
74:
33:
5505:New administrative map of Burma
5498:
5489:
5480:
5402:
5384:
5345:
5327:
5309:
5291:
5179:
5157:
5126:
5100:
5070:
5040:
5009:
4933:
4903:
4876:
4846:
4820:
4678:
4648:
4624:Pittman, Todd (20 March 2012).
4617:
4605:from the original on 8 May 2013
4587:
4564:
4541:
4522:
4491:
4465:
4439:
4379:
4349:
4318:
4296:"Dilemma of dealing with Burma"
4287:
4278:
3925:International Olympic Committee
1567:human rights situation in Burma
1563:United Nations General Assembly
1541:The military government placed
1200:ethnic groups, who have become
1146:Burma Socialist Programme Party
1105:
1085:
288:may be too short to adequately
85:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
7634:British Indian Ocean Territory
5054:. 3 April 2012. Archived from
4255:
4240:
4155:
4125:
4095:
4056:
4019:
3598:International Court of Justice
3159:Minister of Hotels and Tourism
1772:was subsequently established.
1259:Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement
1242:Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement
1070:reforms were continued by the
298:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
6401:Myanmar Investment Commission
6190:Religious Affairs and Culture
5133:Fisher, Jonah (8 July 2016).
4498:Ba Kaung (13 November 2010).
4472:The Irrawaddy (27 May 2006).
4415:Ross, James (20 March 2012).
4163:"TOUNGOO DYNASTY (1510–1752)"
4013:
3523:Ministry of Defence (Myanmar)
1725:National League for Democracy
1703:2015 Myanmar general election
1676:National League for Democracy
1646:National League for Democracy
1636:2010 Myanmar general election
1432:and the American oil company
6919:State Administration Council
6665:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
6210:Transport and Communications
5905:State Administration Council
4830:. My Sinchew. Archived from
4325:Hiatt, Fred (23 June 2003).
3535:Myanmar Economic Corporation
3519:2008 Constitution of Myanmar
1770:State Administration Council
1756:State Administration Council
1313:was formed, consisting of a
1202:internally displaced peoples
966:took over the government in
426:State Administration Council
7:
6720:2011–2015 political reforms
4224:. DVB. 1947. Archived from
4001:
3995:Global Justice Center (GJC)
3904:International Monetary Fund
2183:Lieutenant General Soe Htut
2082:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1711:Voting at a polling station
1438:Yadana natural gas pipeline
1395:
1298:as its first president and
734:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
202:the claims made and adding
10:
7746:
7730:Politics of Southeast Asia
6391:Anti-Corruption Commission
6231:Agriculture and Irrigation
6145:Immigration and Population
6056:Revenue Appellate Tribunal
5441:, Chapter 1, Article 12(b)
5429:, Chapter 1, Article 12(a)
5108:"Myanmar under Transition"
4989:Ramesh, S (5 April 2012).
4944:. Mizzimar. Archived from
4860:. Bangkok. 22 March 2012.
3660:
3254:Minister of Ethnic Affairs
2668:Minister of Electric Power
2273:Minister of Border Affairs
1818:
1753:
1700:
1667:
1633:
1503:have documented egregious
1264:
7662:
7621:
7581:
7323:
7234:
7100:
7032:
7023:
6971:
6962:
6840:
6831:
6754:
6745:
6588:
6576:Myanmar is also known as
6574:
6570:
6468:
6450:Myanma Foreign Trade Bank
6430:
6414:
6386:Union Election Commission
6378:
6366:Union Civil Service Board
6348:
6327:
6318:
6223:
6160:International Cooperation
6072:
6063:
6039:
6019:
6011:State and Region Hluttaws
5967:
5960:
5948:National Unity Government
5930:
5863:
5856:
5838:
5775:National Unity Government
5757:
5726:
5719:
5678:
5652:
5606:
4133:"Myanmar country profile"
3975:World Health Organization
3734:Within the Sagain Region
3627:
3569:State and Region Hluttaws
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3392:Vice President of Myanmar
3374:Prime Minister of Myanmar
3296:
3252:
3157:
3108:
3064:
3038:
3005:
2979:
2951:
2879:
2823:
2767:
2739:
2692:
2666:
2640:
2587:
2561:
2517:
2491:
2440:
2414:Minister of Legal Affairs
2408:
2380:
2328:
2300:
2271:
2222:
2128:
2080:
2027:
1974:
1969:
1920:
1917:
1899:
1886:
1855:
1835:
1832:
1810:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1683:Union Election Commission
1670:2012 Myanmar by-elections
944:
808:National Unity Government
247:This article needs to be
7383:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
6845:Administrative divisions
6205:Sports and Youth Affairs
5999:House of Representatives
5544:10 February 2021 at the
5477:, Chapter 1, Article 141
5465:, Chapter 1, Article 109
5198:, accessed 24 March 2021
5191:23 February 2021 at the
5176:, accessed 24 March 2021
4940:Ko Pauk (1 April 2012).
4723:22 November 2020 at the
4695:. London. Archived from
4363:. Reuters. 10 May 1999.
4266:. The Irrawaddy Sep 2006
3990:World Trade Organization
3657:Administrative divisions
3625:or the Manu dhammathat (
3066:Minister of Construction
2029:Minister of Home Affairs
1719:Ballot papers and stamps
1518:There is no independent
1436:continue to operate the
1406:Senior General Than Shwe
1371:Burmese Way to Socialism
1319:Chamber of Nationalities
1248:2021 Myanmar coup d'état
1218:Kachin Independence army
1154:Burmese Way to Socialism
692:Administrative divisions
564:House of Representatives
7644:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
7215:Twelve Auspicious Rites
6996:Myanmar kyat (currency)
6301:State Counsellor Office
6047:Constitutional Tribunal
5843:Constitution of Myanmar
5530:Myint-U, Thant (2008).
5475:Constitution of Myanmar
5463:Constitution of Myanmar
5453:, Chapter 1, Article 74
5451:Constitution of Myanmar
5439:Constitution of Myanmar
5427:Constitution of Myanmar
5414:Ministry of Information
5169:1 February 2021 at the
5052:Deutsche Presse Agentur
4993:. Today. Archived from
4582:Daily Times of Pakistan
4500:"Suu Kyi Freed at Last"
4198:Oxford University Press
3703:; the seven states are
2442:Minister of Information
1605:Myanmar's army-drafted
1575:international isolation
1534:(Armed Forces) and the
1483:Burlington Coat Factory
1222:United League of Arakan
1080:Third Anglo-Burmese War
607:Constitutional Tribunal
377:Constitutional Tribunal
6195:Science and Technology
6115:Electricity and Energy
5987:House of Nationalities
5770:Acting Cabinet of CRPH
5749:Provisional Government
4247:Smith, Martin (1991).
3844:Central Provinces (CP)
3829:Asian Development Bank
3742:Within the Shan State
3554:
1841:Second Vice President
1776:Heads and deputy heads
1720:
1712:
1357:Military socialist era
1337:AFPFL/Union government
962:. On 1 February 2021,
763:Diplomatic missions of
552:House of Nationalities
529:Provisional Government
5975:Assembly of the Union
4553:30 April 2011 at the
3551:Assembly of the Union
3548:
2953:Minister of Education
1901:Deputy Prime Minister
1718:
1710:
1501:Amnesty International
490:Deputy Prime Minister
109:"Politics of Myanmar"
18:Government of Myanmar
7558:United Arab Emirates
7052:Environmental issues
7011:Units of measurement
6658:First Toungoo Empire
6445:Myanma Economic Bank
6422:Myanmar Police Force
6362:Financial Commission
6291:Planning and Finance
6185:Planning and Finance
5084:. 13 November 2015.
4915:Agence France-Presse
4699:on 25 September 2015
3784:confusing or unclear
3697:Tanintharyi Division
3671:) and seven states (
3506:head of government.
3402:Main office-holders
3280:Jeng Phang Naw Taung
2881:Minister of Commerce
2741:Minister of Industry
1655:The military-backed
1611:two-stage referendum
1280:parliamentary system
1214:Karen National Union
1010:improve this section
978:Political conditions
956:assembly-independent
821:Mahn Win Khaing Than
94:improve this article
7725:Politics of Myanmar
7585:limited recognition
6690:Japanese occupation
6643:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
6296:Rail Transportation
5557:26 May 2024 at the
5510:12 May 2015 at the
4510:on 19 November 2010
4453:on 19 November 2008
3916:(nonsignatory user)
3792:clarify the section
3403:
2278:Lieutenant General
2159:Lieutenant General
2135:Lieutenant General
2058:Lieutenant General
2034:Lieutenant General
1976:Minister of Defence
1954:
1689:However, President
1583:political prisoners
1579:programme of reform
1315:Chamber of Deputies
1274:On 4 January 1948,
611:Chairman: Than Kyaw
342:Politics of Myanmar
7275:Outline of Myanmar
6991:Telecommunications
6907:commander-in-chief
6700:Socialist Republic
6648:Kingdom of Mrauk U
6481:Myanmar portal
6140:Hotels and Tourism
5883:President's Office
5539:CIA World Factbook
4891:on 7 November 2012
4812:has generic name (
4561:. 26 December 2008
4534:4 May 2012 at the
4393:on 30 October 2007
4192:Han, Enze (2024).
3644:Dhammazedi pyatton
3573:Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
3564:Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
3555:
3541:Legislative branch
3496:Cabinet of Myanmar
3401:
3259:Saw Tun Aung Myint
3007:Minister of Health
2825:Minister of Labour
2694:Minister of Energy
1953:
1721:
1713:
1587:Human Rights Watch
1573:Facing increasing
1554:and pressure from
1497:Human Rights Watch
1382:Rangoon University
1136:Socialist republic
1127:Pin-Lone agreement
1118:Panglong Agreement
972:anti-coup protests
970:, causing ongoing
964:Myanmar's military
887:Myanmar portal
187:possibly contains
7690:
7689:
7627:other territories
7317:Politics of Asia
7283:
7282:
7230:
7229:
7067:Human trafficking
7019:
7018:
6958:
6957:
6926:Political parties
6865:Foreign relations
6827:
6826:
6618:Myinsaing Kingdom
6584:
6583:
6526:
6525:
6374:
6373:
6314:
6313:
6261:Health and Sports
6035:
6034:
5956:
5955:
5917:Naypyidaw Council
5787:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5196:www.irrawaddy.com
5058:on 3 January 2014
4834:on 3 January 2014
4576:16 April 2013 at
4207:978-0-19-769659-0
4167:Facts and details
3824:
3823:
3816:
3689:Mandalay Division
3677:Ayeyarwady Region
3623:Wareru dhammathat
3617:Wareru dhammathat
3488:
3487:
3325:
3324:
3012:Health and Sports
2936:25 September 2023
2918:24 September 2023
2210:25 September 2023
2190:24 September 2023
1967:Left office
1964:Took office
1946:
1945:
1740:democratic system
1729:absolute majority
1664:2012 by-elections
1642:ethnic minorities
1623:elections in 2010
1361:In 1962, General
1061:in 849. In 1057,
1046:
1045:
1038:
960:2008 constitution
930:
929:
797:Exiled government
780:Visa requirements
727:Foreign relations
679:Political parties
372:2008 Constitution
333:
332:
325:
315:
314:
268:
267:
232:
231:
224:
189:original research
170:
169:
162:
144:
67:
16:(Redirected from
7737:
7707:
7706:
7698:
7680:
7670:
7669:
7639:Christmas Island
7325:Sovereign states
7310:
7303:
7296:
7287:
7286:
7266:
7254:
7253:
7242:
7241:
7200:National symbols
7030:
7029:
6986:Opium production
6969:
6968:
6838:
6837:
6752:
6751:
6670:Konbaung dynasty
6572:
6571:
6553:
6546:
6539:
6530:
6529:
6514:
6513:
6502:
6501:
6490:
6489:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6340:Attorney General
6325:
6324:
6070:
6069:
5965:
5964:
5895:State Counsellor
5861:
5860:
5826:
5825:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5791:
5790:
5724:
5723:
5679:Union of Myanmar
5589:
5582:
5575:
5566:
5565:
5535:
5515:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5487:
5484:
5478:
5472:
5466:
5460:
5454:
5448:
5442:
5436:
5430:
5424:
5418:
5417:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5295:
5289:
5288:
5281:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5257:
5249:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5212:
5199:
5183:
5177:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5130:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5110:. Asian Review.
5104:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4805:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4757:on 15 April 2011
4753:. Archived from
4742:
4736:
4734:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4636:on 21 March 2012
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4601:. 5 April 2012.
4591:
4585:
4568:
4562:
4545:
4539:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4506:. Archived from
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4412:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4196:. New York, NY:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4139:. 6 April 2011.
4129:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4043:
4032:
4023:
3819:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3775:
3774:
3767:
3693:Sagaing Division
3630:
3629:
3498:. Currently the
3484:1 February 2021
3464:2 February 2021
3444:2 February 2021
3404:
3400:
3352:
3343:
3331:Executive branch
3302:
3014:
2964:16 February 2021
2833:
2777:
2410:Attorney General
2142:10 February 2020
2088:Wunna Maung Lwin
1955:
1952:
1918:1 February 2023
1892:2 February 2021
1861:2 February 2021
1816:1 February 2021
1789:Term of service
1780:
1779:
1733:Aung San Suu Kyi
1601:New constitution
1543:Aung San Suu Kyi
1479:Children's Place
1351:Aung San Suu Kyi
1270:Independence era
1072:Konbaung dynasty
1041:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1021:
990:
982:
946:
922:
915:
908:
885:
884:
883:
825:Vice President:
819:Prime Minister:
353:
337:
336:
328:
321:
310:
307:
301:
278:
270:
263:
260:
254:
242:
241:
234:
227:
220:
216:
213:
207:
204:inline citations
180:
179:
172:
165:
158:
154:
151:
145:
143:
102:
78:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
7745:
7744:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7715:
7714:
7713:
7701:
7693:
7691:
7686:
7658:
7626:
7617:
7598:Northern Cyprus
7584:
7577:
7319:
7314:
7284:
7279:
7226:
7205:Public holidays
7096:
7092:Sex trafficking
7015:
6954:
6892:Law enforcement
6823:
6799:Protected areas
6741:
6653:Toungoo dynasty
6628:Sagaing Kingdom
6603:Pyu city-states
6580:
6566:
6557:
6527:
6522:
6475:
6473:
6464:
6432:
6426:
6415:Law enforcement
6410:
6370:
6350:
6344:
6335:Auditor General
6320:
6310:
6219:
6125:Foreign Affairs
6059:
6031:
6015:
5952:
5926:
5922:Chief Ministers
5852:
5834:
5820:
5818:
5788:
5779:
5753:
5715:
5674:
5665:Maung Maung Kha
5648:
5602:
5593:
5559:Wayback Machine
5546:Wayback Machine
5523:
5521:Further reading
5518:
5512:Wayback Machine
5503:
5499:
5494:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5473:
5469:
5461:
5457:
5449:
5445:
5437:
5433:
5425:
5421:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5372:
5371:
5364:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5283:
5282:
5271:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5237:
5227:
5225:
5224:. 4 August 2023
5214:
5213:
5202:
5193:Wayback Machine
5184:
5180:
5174:www.mmtimes.com
5171:Wayback Machine
5162:
5158:
5148:
5146:
5131:
5127:
5117:
5115:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5091:
5089:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5031:
5029:
5014:
5010:
5000:
4998:
4997:on 7 April 2012
4987:
4983:
4973:
4971:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4951:
4949:
4948:on 1 April 2012
4938:
4934:
4924:
4922:
4921:on 7 April 2012
4909:
4908:
4904:
4894:
4892:
4881:
4877:
4867:
4865:
4852:
4851:
4847:
4837:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4809:
4808:
4799:
4798:
4791:
4789:
4774:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4743:
4739:
4732:
4725:Wayback Machine
4716:
4712:
4702:
4700:
4692:The Independent
4683:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4662:. 15 May 2008.
4654:
4653:
4649:
4639:
4637:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4584:. 25 March 2009
4569:
4565:
4555:Wayback Machine
4546:
4542:
4536:Wayback Machine
4527:
4523:
4513:
4511:
4496:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4470:
4466:
4456:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4413:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4331:Washington Post
4323:
4319:
4309:
4307:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4269:
4267:
4260:
4256:
4245:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4228:on 15 June 2006
4220:
4219:
4215:
4208:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4146:
4144:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4116:
4114:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4086:
4084:
4069:Washington Post
4061:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4004:
3999:
3820:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3789:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3701:Yangon Division
3685:Magway Division
3665:
3659:
3647:
3620:
3593:
3591:Judicial system
3584:Amyotha Hluttaw
3557:Under the 2008
3543:
3435:Min Aung Hlaing
3428:
3424:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3362:Min Aung Hlaing
3355:
3354:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3333:
3327:
3310:8 February 2021
3307:
3300:
3284:1 February 2023
3281:
3266:1 February 2023
3263:3 February 2021
3260:
3234:
3232:Thet Thet Khine
3214:1 February 2023
3211:
3196:1 February 2023
3190:
3170:7 February 2021
3167:
3165:Maung Maung Ohn
3139:
3121:4 February 2021
3118:
3116:Thet Thet Khine
3096:1 February 2023
3093:
3078:1 February 2023
3075:2 February 2021
3072:
3046:
3023:1 February 2021
3020:
3019:Thet Khaing Win
3009:
2987:
2961:
2933:
2912:
2892:3 February 2021
2889:
2861:
2843:1 February 2021
2840:
2827:
2805:
2784:
2771:
2749:
2721:
2700:
2674:
2651:2 February 2021
2648:
2622:
2601:3 February 2021
2598:
2569:
2549:1 February 2023
2546:
2531:1 February 2023
2528:3 February 2021
2525:
2502:1 February 2021
2499:
2473:
2471:Maung Maung Ohn
2453:1 February 2021
2450:
2422:
2393:1 February 2021
2390:
2362:
2341:1 February 2021
2338:
2313:1 February 2021
2310:
2285:1 February 2021
2282:
2253:
2232:
2207:
2184:
2163:
2139:
2116:1 February 2023
2113:
2096:1 February 2023
2093:1 February 2021
2090:
2062:
2041:1 February 2021
2038:
2009:
1988:1 February 2021
1985:
1951:
1949:Cabinet members
1857:Min Aung Hlaing
1778:
1762:
1754:Main articles:
1752:
1705:
1699:
1672:
1666:
1638:
1632:
1603:
1398:
1359:
1339:
1272:
1267:
1250:
1237:semi-democratic
1170:
1150:one-party state
1138:
1120:
1108:
1088:
1078:ended with the
1051:
1042:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1007:
991:
980:
926:
897:
893:Other countries
881:
879:
874:
873:
842:
834:
833:
798:
790:
789:
771:
759:
729:
719:
718:
694:
684:
683:
675:
653:
628:
617:
616:
598:Chief Justice:
589:
581:
580:
547:
536:
535:
481:Min Aung Hlaing
435:Min Aung Hlaing
418:Min Aung Hlaing
403:
395:
394:
367:
344:
329:
318:
317:
316:
311:
305:
302:
295:
283:This article's
279:
264:
258:
255:
252:
243:
239:
228:
217:
211:
208:
193:
181:
177:
166:
155:
149:
146:
103:
101:
91:
79:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7743:
7733:
7732:
7727:
7712:
7711:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7684:
7674:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7657:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7630:
7628:
7619:
7618:
7616:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7589:
7587:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7329:
7327:
7321:
7320:
7313:
7312:
7305:
7298:
7290:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7260:
7248:
7235:
7232:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7222:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7106:
7104:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7033:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7008:
7006:Transportation
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6972:
6966:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6943:Prime Minister
6940:
6939:
6938:
6928:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6911:
6910:
6909:
6904:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6880:Women's rights
6877:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6841:
6835:
6829:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6755:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6695:Union of Burma
6692:
6687:
6682:
6680:Karenni States
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6633:Kingdom of Ava
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6608:Thaton Kingdom
6605:
6600:
6594:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6568:
6567:
6556:
6555:
6548:
6541:
6533:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6508:
6496:
6484:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6436:
6434:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6418:
6416:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6331:
6329:
6322:
6319:Constitutional
6316:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6246:Electric Power
6243:
6238:
6233:
6227:
6225:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6120:Ethnic Affairs
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6085:Border Affairs
6082:
6076:
6074:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6049:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6008:
6007:
6006:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5984:
5983:
5982:
5971:
5969:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
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5925:
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5902:
5897:
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5890:Vice President
5887:
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5880:
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5858:
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4782:guardian.co.uk
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4094:
4063:Taylor, Adam.
4055:
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3998:
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3945:United Nations
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3661:Main article:
3658:
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3578:Pyithu Hluttaw
3542:
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3515:super-majority
3486:
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3477:
3472:
3470:Vice President
3466:
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3430:Prime Minister
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2986:Myo Thein Kyaw
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2915:19 August 2022
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2895:19 August 2022
2893:
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2647:Khin Maung Yee
2646:
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2238:19 August 2022
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2048:
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2042:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
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1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1923:
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1905:1 August 2021
1903:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:1 August 2021
1872:
1870:Prime Minister
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:Henry Van Thio
1842:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:30 March 2016
1831:
1829:Vice President
1824:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1777:
1774:
1751:
1748:
1701:Main article:
1698:
1695:
1668:Main article:
1665:
1662:
1650:1990 elections
1634:Main article:
1631:
1628:
1621:. Multi-party
1615:Cyclone Nargis
1602:
1599:
1410:prime minister
1397:
1394:
1358:
1355:
1338:
1335:
1331:Frontier Areas
1296:Sao Shwe Thaik
1292:Union of Burma
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1249:
1246:
1206:military junta
1169:
1166:
1152:guided by the
1137:
1134:
1119:
1116:
1107:
1104:
1087:
1084:
1063:King Anawrahta
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
994:
992:
985:
979:
976:
937:formerly Burma
928:
927:
925:
924:
917:
910:
902:
899:
898:
896:
895:
889:
876:
875:
872:
871:
866:
865:
864:
854:
849:
843:
841:Related topics
840:
839:
836:
835:
832:
831:
830:
829:
823:
817:
805:
799:
796:
795:
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730:
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724:
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711:
706:
701:
695:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
676:
674:
673:
668:
663:
659:Presidential:
656:
654:
652:
651:
644:
639:
632:
629:
623:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
613:
612:
604:
603:
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590:
587:
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583:
582:
579:
578:
573:
572:
571:
561:
560:
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548:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
532:
531:
520:
519:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
486:
485:
484:
483:
471:Prime Minister
467:
466:
465:
464:
463:Second: Vacant
461:
453:Vice-President
449:
448:
447:
446:
437:
423:
422:
421:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
393:
392:
387:
386:
385:
374:
368:
363:
362:
359:
358:
355:
354:
346:
345:
340:
331:
330:
313:
312:
292:the key points
282:
280:
273:
266:
265:
246:
244:
237:
230:
229:
184:
182:
175:
168:
167:
82:
80:
73:
68:
42:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7742:
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7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
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7629:
7624:
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7614:
7611:
7609:
7608:South Ossetia
7606:
7604:
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7599:
7596:
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7297:
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7276:
7273:
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7265:
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7133:
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7128:
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7108:
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7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7057:Ethnic groups
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
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7043:
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7035:
7034:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7022:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
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6949:
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6929:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6902:military rule
6900:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6872:
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6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
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6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6774:Deforestation
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6744:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6715:2007 protests
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6705:8888 Uprising
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6638:Prome Kingdom
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6623:Pinya Kingdom
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6613:Pagan Kingdom
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6579:
6573:
6569:
6565:
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6509:
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6407:
6404:
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6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
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6377:
6367:
6364:
6361:
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6355:
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6347:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6317:
6307:
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6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
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6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
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6264:
6262:
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6254:
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6249:
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6244:
6242:
6239:
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6234:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6222:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6175:Legal Affairs
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6055:
6053:
6052:Supreme Court
6050:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6038:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6012:
6009:
6005:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5968:In government
5966:
5963:
5959:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5923:
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5911:
5908:
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5891:
5888:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5864:In government
5862:
5859:
5855:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5824:
5815:
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5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5734:Thein Sein II
5732:
5731:
5729:
5727:In government
5725:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
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5699:
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5483:
5476:
5471:
5464:
5459:
5452:
5447:
5440:
5435:
5428:
5423:
5416:(in Burmese).
5415:
5411:
5405:
5398:(in Burmese).
5397:
5393:
5387:
5380:(in Burmese).
5379:
5375:
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5340:
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5221:The Irrawaddy
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4578:archive.today
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4504:The Irrawaddy
4501:
4494:
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4478:The Irrawaddy
4475:
4468:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4426:
4422:
4418:
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3796:the talk page
3793:
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3780:This section
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3725:Rakhine State
3722:
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3681:Bago Division
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3602:Supreme Court
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3450:Vice Chairman
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3049:1 August 2021
3048:
3045:Min Thein Zan
3043:
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2910:Aung Naing Oo
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2280:Tun Tun Naung
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2256:3 August 2023
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2235:1 August 2021
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2202:
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2187:3 August 2023
2186:
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2065:3 August 2023
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2044:3 August 2023
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2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:3 August 2023
2011:
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1991:3 August 2023
1990:
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1697:2015 election
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1630:2010 election
1627:
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1619:1990 election
1616:
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1608:
1598:
1596:
1595:Rakhine State
1592:
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1475:JoS. A. Banks
1472:
1468:
1464:
1463:Liz Claiborne
1460:
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1450:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:TotalEnergies
1425:
1423:
1420:. Almost all
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:head of state
1393:
1391:
1390:8888 Uprising
1387:
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1277:
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1260:
1255:
1254:staged a coup
1245:
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1233:
1231:
1230:Mong Tai Army
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:1988 Uprising
1165:
1163:
1162:1988 Uprising
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1096:British Burma
1093:
1092:British India
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1067:Bagan kingdom
1064:
1060:
1059:Pagan Kingdom
1056:
1049:Early history
1040:
1037:
1029:
1026:February 2023
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1000:
995:This section
993:
989:
984:
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909:
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901:
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894:
891:
890:
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878:
877:
870:
869:Naming issues
867:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
838:
837:
828:
827:Duwa Lashi La
824:
822:
818:
815:
814:Duwa Lashi La
811:
810:
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800:
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601:
597:
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595:
594:Supreme Court
592:
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585:
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566:
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558:
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440:Vice Chairman
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259:February 2021
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185:This article
183:
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125:
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111: –
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105:Find sources:
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83:This article
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71:
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57:
56:
51:
50:
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31:
30:
27:
19:
7623:Dependencies
7553:Turkmenistan
7518:Saudi Arabia
7482:
7267:
7255:
7243:
7087:Prostitution
7042:Demographics
6981:Central bank
6870:Human rights
6850:Constitution
6832:
6685:British rule
6577:
6515:
6503:
6491:
6472:
6440:Central Bank
6241:Cooperatives
6135:Home Affairs
6095:Construction
5875:
5827:
5711:Thein Sein I
5696:Than Shwe II
5531:
5500:
5491:
5482:
5470:
5458:
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5404:
5395:
5386:
5377:
5356:
5347:
5338:
5329:
5320:
5311:
5302:
5293:
5260:. Retrieved
5226:. Retrieved
5219:
5195:
5181:
5173:
5159:
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3306:Aung Than Oo
2990:17 June 2021
2860:Dr Pwint San
2838:Myint Kyaing
2804:Myint Kyaing
2747:Charlie Than
2720:Myo Myint Oo
2596:Tin Aung San
2572:24 June 2021
2388:Ko Ko Hlaing
2007:Tin Aung San
1927:Tin Aung San
1797:Left office
1794:Took office
1763:
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1495:
1455:Levi Strauss
1451:
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1291:
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1284:
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1234:
1210:drug cartels
1171:
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1131:
1121:
1112:World War II
1109:
1106:World War II
1094:until 1937.
1089:
1086:British rule
1052:
1032:
1023:
1008:Please help
996:
948:
931:
857:Human rights
753:Ko Ko Hlaing
670:
647:
600:Htun Htun Oo
505:Tin Aung San
365:Constitution
341:
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92:Please help
87:verification
84:
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43:
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7682:Asia portal
7583:States with
7503:Philippines
7443:South Korea
7438:North Korea
7333:Afghanistan
6976:Agriculture
6814:Earthquakes
6675:Shan States
6493:WikiProject
6431:State-owned
6379:Commissions
6155:Information
5961:Legislative
5691:Than Shwe I
5396:Eleven News
5378:Eleven News
5092:13 November
4838:11 November
4792:11 November
4761:1 September
4703:8 September
4514:14 November
4117:22 February
4087:22 February
4048:14 February
3717:Kayah State
3713:Kayin State
3320:Independent
3301:(dissolved)
3273:Independent
3224:Independent
3203:Independent
3180:Independent
3152:Independent
3085:Independent
3059:Independent
3033:Independent
3000:Independent
2974:Independent
2946:Independent
2925:Independent
2902:Independent
2874:Independent
2853:Independent
2818:Independent
2762:Independent
2752:22 May 2021
2734:Independent
2713:Independent
2687:Independent
2661:Independent
2582:Independent
2538:Independent
2524:Tin Htut Oo
2512:Independent
2486:Independent
2463:Independent
2435:Independent
2403:Independent
2375:Independent
2351:Independent
2323:Independent
2266:Independent
2252:Ko Ko Naing
2245:Independent
2213:27 May 2024
2166:11 May 2021
2145:11 May 2021
1459:Eddie Bauer
1400:The former
1367:coup d'état
1327:Upper Burma
1323:Lower Burma
947:) operates
812:President:
785:Visa policy
546:(dissolved)
544:Legislature
7719:Categories
7563:Uzbekistan
7538:Tajikistan
7453:Kyrgyzstan
7433:Kazakhstan
7353:Bangladesh
7343:Azerbaijan
7185:Literature
7140:Censorship
7120:State Seal
6914:Parliament
6855:Corruption
6779:Ecoregions
6598:Prehistory
6065:Ministries
5828:Government
5701:Khin Nyunt
5262:8 February
5149:9 February
5118:9 February
4784:. London.
4310:2 November
4262:Aung Zaw.
4014:References
3804:March 2023
3786:to readers
3729:Shan State
3705:Chin State
3651:Dhammazedi
3628:မနုဓမ္မသတ်
3313:2 May 2022
3138:Dr Soe Win
2703:2 May 2022
2699:Thaung Han
2677:2 May 2022
2673:Thaung Han
2620:Mya Tun Oo
2448:Chit Naing
2230:Chit Naing
1983:Mya Tun Oo
1914:Mya Tun Oo
1819:Incumbent
1691:Thein Sein
1548:Kofi Annan
1414:Khin Nyunt
1329:, and the
1311:parliament
1228:, and the
852:Federalism
767:in Myanmar
751:Minister:
738:Minister:
576:Opposition
500:Mya Tun Oo
402:Government
381:Chairman:
306:March 2023
212:March 2021
196:improve it
150:March 2021
120:newspapers
49:improve it
7649:Hong Kong
7603:Palestine
7528:Sri Lanka
7523:Singapore
7403:Indonesia
7210:Tattooing
7170:Festivals
7165:Etymology
7072:Languages
7047:Education
6931:President
6860:Elections
6819:Volcanoes
6794:Mountains
6747:Geography
6735:Civil war
6725:2021 coup
6306:Transport
6110:Education
6040:Judiciary
5871:President
5857:Executive
5744:Win Myint
5739:Htin Kyaw
5686:Saw Maung
5644:Ne Win II
4802:cite news
4077:0190-8286
3721:Mon State
3649:Mon King
3475:Myint Swe
3426:President
3388:Myint Swe
3370:President
3287:Incumbent
3240:Incumbent
3210:Aung Thaw
3188:Htay Aung
3145:Incumbent
3099:Incumbent
3092:Myo Thant
3052:Incumbent
3026:Incumbent
2993:Incumbent
2967:Incumbent
2939:Incumbent
2887:Pwint San
2867:Incumbent
2811:Incumbent
2755:Incumbent
2727:Incumbent
2680:Incumbent
2654:Incumbent
2628:Incumbent
2575:Incumbent
2552:Incumbent
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2505:Incumbent
2479:Incumbent
2428:Incumbent
2396:Incumbent
2368:Incumbent
2316:Incumbent
2308:Win Shein
2288:Incumbent
2259:Incumbent
2119:Incumbent
2068:Incumbent
2015:Incumbent
1958:Portfolio
1941:Win Shein
1812:Myint Swe
1807:President
1766:Naypyidaw
1552:Than Shwe
1520:judiciary
1341:In 1961,
1308:bicameral
1082:in 1885.
997:does not
714:Townships
709:Districts
635:General:
626:elections
588:Judiciary
510:Win Shein
459:Myint Swe
408:President
383:Than Kyaw
290:summarize
200:verifying
55:talk page
7709:Politics
7672:Category
7593:Abkhazia
7543:Thailand
7498:Pakistan
7478:Mongolia
7473:Maldives
7468:Malaysia
7368:Cambodia
7245:Category
7220:Weddings
7180:Folklore
7150:Clothing
7130:Calendar
7125:Capitals
7077:Religion
6897:Military
6887:Conflict
6833:Politics
6809:Wildlife
6730:Protests
6564:articles
6517:Category
6433:entities
6150:Industry
6090:Commerce
6073:Existing
6020:In exile
5931:In exile
5910:Chairman
5758:In exile
5660:Sein Win
5634:Ne Win I
5629:U Nu III
5596:Cabinets
5555:Archived
5542:Archived
5508:Archived
5228:5 August
5189:Archived
5167:Archived
5143:Archived
5139:BBC News
5112:Archived
5086:Archived
5082:BBC News
5026:Archived
4868:24 March
4862:Archived
4786:Archived
4721:Archived
4664:Archived
4640:22 March
4603:Archived
4574:Archived
4551:Archived
4532:Archived
4431:22 March
4425:Archived
4365:Archived
4335:Archived
4304:Archived
4300:BBC News
4171:Archived
4141:Archived
4137:BBC News
4111:Archived
4081:Archived
4039:Archived
4002:See also
3920:Interpol
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3610:Thida Oo
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3504:de facto
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3010:(former
2959:Nyunt Pe
2828:(former
2772:(former
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2176:Tatmadaw
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1998:Tatmadaw
1981:General
1961:Minister
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1396:SPDC era
1288:republic
1190:Thailand
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1123:Aung San
1076:monarchy
847:Conflict
816:(acting)
775:Passport
740:Than Swe
515:Than Swe
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420:(acting)
7568:Vietnam
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7463:Lebanon
7393:Georgia
7348:Bahrain
7338:Armenia
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7155:Cuisine
7102:Culture
7025:Society
7001:Tourism
6964:Economy
6784:Islands
6769:Climate
6759:Borders
6590:History
6560:Myanmar
6505:Commons
6349:Meeting
6328:Offices
6224:Defunct
6105:Defence
6004:Speaker
5992:Speaker
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5706:Soe Win
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7373:China
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7190:Media
7160:Dance
7082:Women
7037:Crime
6789:Lakes
6578:Burma
6281:Mines
5256:(PDF)
4751:Times
4733:7 May
4042:(PDF)
4031:(PDF)
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1800:Days
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1100:Bamar
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6948:list
6936:list
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5877:list
5264:2023
5230:2023
5151:2017
5120:2017
5094:2015
5064:2012
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4814:help
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