70:
423:. A disciplinarian, he forced constant drills and training, and was rigid about uniforms and was even concerned with beards and haircuts. When he went as far as to order closure of the taverns in the town, an ill-planned mutiny broke out. The climax occurred at Waterport gate, where a gunner recalled that his captain ordered the artillery to "reverse guns that were pointing to the Spanish lines, and point them on my comrade soldiers, who but a short time before had been fighting with me in Egypt." The mutineers scattered and were later rounded up and confined to their quarters.
559:
543:
90:
575:
58:
97:
458:, wore the keys of the gates at all other times, and the keys took on significance as a symbol of office. The ceremony continued after the siege. An 1881 travel book described the keys being received from the governor twice daily and marched under escort to the gates, which were opened in the morning and closed each evening by a senior officer. The ceremony is mentioned by
403:. It protected the town from bombardment from ships in the bay and from troops landing from the sea. The Moorish Sea Gate in the old line wall lay just north of today's Grand Casemates Gates, and was closed up. The Waterport Gate, providing access to the town through the Line Wall from the shore south of North Bastion, was opened by the British in 1727.
377:
extending into the bay from a point just south of the tower provided shelter for trading vessels. The mole provided an anchoring line for the galleys. An aqueduct ran from a well to the south along the line wall to the
Waterport, where it replenished a reservoir from which water for the galleys was
511:
every evening. Today, a version of the ceremony is staged in
Casemates Square at noon every Saturday by actors in uniforms similar to those worn by the defenders during the Great Siege. The full military ceremony is held just twice a year. In this ceremony, recalling the Great Siege, the gates of
495:
he wrote, "All the
Spanish labourers employed on the breakwater had to return to Spanish territory by sunset. After the closing of the gates, a drum-and-fife band awoke the echoes in the narrow streets, accompanying a strong military guard which escorted the keys of the fortress to the Governor's
410:
mainly of one street extending from
Southport gate to Waterport Gate. Out of this long street run several shorter ones one of which, called the Irish-Street is of ill repute. The buildings of this town are generally mean and low, very few houses being above one story high. They are chiefly made of
486:
was a lieutenant on a destroyer that showed the flag in the
Mediterranean. In Gibraltar, he was struck by a squad of troops performing the ceremony, "...one had a limp and all were obviously Somme veterans. There were two fifers, one drummer, and one little fellow following with those gigantic
345:
The esplanade just south of the tower is now Grand
Casemates Square. It was a walled area where the Moors built their galleys. These were launched through a large arch in the line wall just north of today's Grand Casemates Gates, leading to the Waterport. The Moorish Sea Gate
512:
the fortress are symbolically locked. The
Governor hands the keys to the Port Sergeant, who is accompanied by an armed escort, and he locks the gates. The keys are then handed back to the governor. Following tradition, drums and fifes accompany the Port Sergeant's party.
394:
in the 18th century running north–south along the shore of the bay. It incorporates, and is to some extent built upon, older
Spanish and Moorish fragments. The Line Wall Curtain runs from the North Bastion south along the western coast of the town to
1547:
An historical sketch of
Gibraltar, with an account of the siege which that fortress stood against the combined forces of France and Spain: including a minute and circumstantial detail of the sortie made by the garrison on the morning of Nov. 27, 1781
333:
to be built on the coast at the west end of the wall to protect the dockyard. The Moors built a line wall, running south from the tower along the bay's western shore, which the
Spanish later improved. The Giralda Tower was converted into the
527:, a highland regiment. The Port Sergeant is ceremonial Custodian of the Keys. In July 2012 a ceremony was staged in which the outgoing Port Sergeant handed the keys over to his successor. On 6 September 2012 Governor Sir
439:
430:, a bombproof barracks, was started in the 1770s but was not finished until 1817. In 1815 two gateways were opened in the wall at the Waterport, so that carriages could pass through in both directions at once.
1586:
The History of the Herculean Straits, Now Called the Straits of Gibraltar: Including Those Ports of Spain and Barbary that Lie Contiguous Thereto : in Two Volumes ; Illustrated with Copper Plates
531:
inspected the parade of the Royal Gibraltar Regiment at the ceremony. On this occasion, a group of young drummers performed in Casemates Square for ten minutes before the Parade.
542:
2820:
78:, extending into the bay, is in the lower left. The enclosure above the base of the mole was the shipyard. The gate from the yard to the base of the mole is just visible.
2675:
2784:
411:
stone and the roof covered with Spanish tiles. The shops are small and ... are occupied by Genoese, Jews and Turks. Profane swearing and cursing is extremely common...
2799:
2680:
2660:
1929:
1273:
1602:
2840:
504:
558:
317:. In 1713 Spain ceded the Rock to the British "in perpetuity". Over the years that followed the British made extensive improvements to the defenses.
120:
2751:
2642:
282:. For many years a gate provided access from the sea into the northwest of the town through the defensive wall that ran along the shore of the bay.
2637:
1196:
1132:
2794:
278:. The Rock is inaccessible on its eastern side, which rises in a tall and steep cliff. The town lies on the west side along the shore of the
455:
574:
416:
1874:
1749:
The beneficent bee: or, traveller's companion. Containing each day's observation, in a voyage from London, to Gibraltar, Barbadoes, ..
1922:
329:
on the slopes of The Rock, from which walls ran down to the shore of the Bay of Gibraltar. Around 1310 Ferdinand IV ordered the
454:, from 1779 to 1783, the Port Sergeant was responsible for locking the gates of the fortress at sunset. The Governor, General
406:
The Waterport Gate was the main entrance to Gibraltar in the early days of British occupation, described in 1748 as consisting
89:
1723:
2860:
1839:
1637:
1527:
1426:
1398:
1349:
1255:
1227:
1115:
520:
1915:
1766:
508:
1756:
1610:
1699:
1319:
A history of the late siege of Gibraltar: With a description and account of that garrison, from the earliest periods
2911:
2703:
2125:
1377:
1784:
Becoming Nelson's Rock and Wellington's Refuge: The Ascendency of Gibraltar During the Age of Napoleon (1793-1815)
1281:
515:
In 2005 the Ceremony of the Keys was held on 19 May, and was attended by the governor and commander in chief, Sir
2420:
2370:
339:
2713:
2708:
2335:
2200:
400:
374:
302:
75:
1200:
2769:
2385:
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2150:
227:
2736:
2425:
2410:
2375:
2355:
1938:
1156:
516:
443:
36:
519:. The ceremony was again held in May during the term of office of his successor, Lieutenant General Sir
507:
when he took office as governor in 1933. The keys were ceremonially presented to his successor Governor
2566:
2365:
2340:
69:
1899:
1140:
2345:
2330:
2305:
2255:
2240:
2135:
1984:
565:
500:
298:
438:
2774:
2614:
2315:
2260:
2210:
2205:
2160:
2115:
2110:
2037:
2027:
451:
335:
330:
306:
294:
290:
487:
keys... they swung past, boots pounding, heads in the air, fife and drum rolling..." Vice-Admiral
2561:
2490:
2445:
2350:
2285:
2250:
2230:
2175:
2007:
1497:
480:
286:
160:
472:, referring to some time before 1888. It is mentioned again in a 1908 description of Gibraltar.
2665:
2320:
2130:
2100:
235:
44:
1584:
1388:
1339:
1245:
1105:
2875:
2850:
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2830:
2815:
2670:
2629:
2495:
2185:
2170:
2120:
1831:
1804:
1654:
1545:
1367:
1323:
1217:
420:
1782:
2865:
2825:
2779:
2652:
2556:
2300:
2225:
1959:
367:
358:, the shipbuilding area that is now Grand Casemates Square. The others were the Land Gate (
314:
226:, provide an entrance from the northwest to the old, fortified portion of the city of the
8:
2741:
2695:
2685:
2390:
2295:
2290:
2145:
2012:
1979:
1964:
1731:
1176:
255:
1565:
2890:
2885:
2619:
2571:
2500:
2485:
2480:
2380:
2280:
2275:
2180:
2140:
2105:
2075:
2070:
1954:
1021:
549:
1478:
1081:
2870:
2599:
2470:
2415:
2325:
2270:
2245:
2195:
2095:
2080:
2065:
2060:
2052:
2017:
1974:
1835:
1824:
1752:
1662:
1633:
1523:
1422:
1394:
1373:
1345:
1317:
1251:
1223:
1111:
391:
259:
247:
1247:
The Attack of the Killer Rhododendrons: My Obsessive Quest to Seek Out Alien Species
2880:
2731:
2465:
2440:
2395:
2310:
2215:
2165:
2155:
2090:
2042:
396:
359:
347:
279:
2855:
2845:
2789:
2746:
2604:
2576:
2430:
2405:
2235:
2220:
2190:
2022:
1969:
1856:
1681:
1627:
1517:
1416:
1298:
1033:
468:
427:
2594:
2586:
2536:
2518:
2265:
2032:
1707:
548:
Old postcard of the Public Market outside Grand Casemates Gates as viewed from
483:
387:
370:) and a southern gate, the Barcina Gate, through a wall that no longer exists.
326:
310:
275:
263:
1907:
2905:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2400:
2085:
1666:
1443:
1069:
1009:
488:
135:
122:
74:
Fortifications of Gibraltar in 1597 (north is to the left in this map). The
2609:
2546:
2541:
2475:
2435:
2002:
1496:
1027:
961:
528:
1195:
1087:
524:
476:
463:
459:
57:
1462:
638:
2528:
1461:
1057:
1039:
499:
The practice was discontinued for a while, then revived as an annual
231:
203:
48:
1946:
266:. It is a strategic location that has been occupied in turn by the
650:
1994:
1175:
1155:
1075:
1015:
850:
251:
62:
Outside view of Grand Casemates Gates as seen from Market Place.
2723:
2510:
1601:
967:
766:
523:. In October 2010 the escort was dressed in the uniform of the
1826:
The Chronicle of Leopold and Molly Bloom: Ulysses As Narrative
1655:"Life goes calling on Britain's General Ironside at Gibraltar"
2761:
1632:. Manhattan, Kansas: Sunflower University Press. p. 44.
937:
744:
742:
271:
267:
613:
611:
297:. The Spanish regained Gibraltar in August 1462 during its
973:
739:
662:
1722:
1063:
1045:
997:
910:
208:
1855:
790:
754:
715:
703:
644:
608:
949:
814:
580:
Waterport roundabout - gates visible in the background.
325:
The northern approaches to the town were defended by a
985:
826:
693:
691:
689:
628:
626:
1418:
The Rock of the Gibraltarians: a history of Gibraltar
874:
862:
838:
802:
596:
1199:. GBC Broadcasting. 6 September 2012. Archived from
886:
727:
1803:
1477:
898:
856:
772:
686:
623:
1823:
1414:
927:
925:
656:
1653:
943:
778:
320:
285:The Moors occupied Gibraltar for centuries until
2903:
1900:"Ceremony Of The Keys At Gibraltar 1949 (video)"
1415:Fothergill Jackson, Sir William Godfrey (1987).
1197:"Ceremony of the Keys at new Grand Battery hall"
674:
1937:
1629:Admiral Jerauld Wright--warrior among diplomats
1341:The Environmental Legacy of Military Operations
1028:Gibraltar - The Ceremony of The Keys - eportbic
922:
1789:Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations
1088:Ceremony of the Keys at new Grand Battery hall
1923:
1873:
1698:
1680:
1051:
1003:
916:
293:. In 1333 the Moors retook Gibraltar after a
96:
1875:"Sep 06 - Ceremony of the Keys Re-enactment"
354:) provided one of the three access gates to
1386:
1365:
1337:
1131:
979:
820:
760:
748:
709:
668:
617:
1930:
1916:
1830:. University of California Press. p.
1806:Picturesque Europe. 5 vols. [in 6]
1393:. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 830.
1315:
721:
417:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
1274:"Travel Writers: Gibraltar Photo Journal"
1215:
1040:Gibraltar Ceremony of the Keys - Blipfoto
955:
491:was in Gibraltar in 1928. In his memoir
1338:Ehlen, Judy; Harmon, Russell S. (2001).
437:
1821:
1791:(Ph.D thesis). Florida State University
1780:
1563:
1421:. Farleigh Dickinson University Press.
1297:Dewar, Kenneth Gilbert Balmain (1939).
1243:
991:
880:
868:
832:
808:
796:
446:at the Ceremony of the Keys in May 2005
433:
381:
2904:
1861:. Institution of Royal Engineers. 1910
1661:. Time Inc. 31 July 1939. p. 64.
1543:
1515:
1498:"Gibraltar - The Ceremony of The Keys"
1103:
844:
632:
602:
1911:
1877:. Your Gibraltar TV. 6 September 2012
1764:
1746:
1603:"June 20th 2009 - Today in Gibraltar"
1582:
1442:
1366:Fa, Darren; Finlayson, Clive (2006).
1296:
1076:Ceremony of the Keys - Chronicle 2012
1016:Ceremony of the Keys - Chronicle 2005
904:
784:
733:
697:
680:
250:, linked to mainland Spain by a low
1767:"A History of the Chipulina Family"
1625:
1322:. Printed by T. Spilsbury. p.
1271:
968:June 20th 2009 - Today in Gibraltar
931:
892:
13:
1781:Musteen, Jason R. (5 April 2005).
1551:Printed by B. Millan for J. Edward
14:
2923:
1751:. 1996 Tito Benady. p. 392.
1344:. Geological Society of America.
1222:. Osprey Publishing. p. 91.
1463:"Gibraltar Ceremony of the Keys"
1216:Chartrand, Rene (25 July 2006).
573:
557:
541:
95:
88:
68:
56:
1730:. 1 August 2012. Archived from
1724:"Official Handover of the Keys"
1369:The Fortifications of Gibraltar
1244:Chilton, Glen (24 April 2012).
475:After the armistice that ended
2043:Wellington Front Demi Bastions
1706:. 30 July 2012. Archived from
1564:Howells, William Dean (1908).
1107:Gibraltar, Identity And Empire
340:Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino
321:Moorish and Spanish structures
315:captured the town of Gibraltar
1:
2126:Devil's Bowling Green Battery
1372:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
1064:Official Handover of the Keys
585:
303:War of the Spanish Succession
241:
1822:Raleigh, John Henry (1977).
645:Royal Engineers Journal 1910
7:
2426:Sir Herbert Miles Promenade
2371:Princess Caroline's Battery
1939:Fortifications of Gibraltar
1465:. Blipfoto. 30 October 2010
37:Fortifications of Gibraltar
10:
2928:
2336:Prince Ferdinand's Battery
2201:Governor's Lookout Battery
1626:Key, David M. (May 2001).
1567:Roman holidays, and others
1104:Archer, Edward G. (2006).
534:
228:British Overseas Territory
2808:
2760:
2722:
2694:
2651:
2628:
2585:
2527:
2509:
2386:Queen Charlotte's Battery
2361:Princess Amelia's Battery
2306:Napier of Magdala Battery
2151:Eliott's Practice Battery
2051:
1993:
1945:
1607:The-Rock-of-Gibraltar.com
1479:"Gibraltar - Main Sights"
1316:Drinkwater, John (1786).
568:at Grand Casemates Gates.
254:, extends south into the
196:
181:
176:
166:
156:
151:
114:
83:
67:
55:
42:
34:
25:
20:
2861:Lines of Contravallation
2376:Princess Royal's Battery
2356:Prince William's Battery
2316:North Mole Elbow Battery
2161:Europa Advance Batteries
2116:Cumberland Flank Battery
1589:. Rivington. p. 344
1516:Harvey, Maurice (1996).
452:Great Siege of Gibraltar
338:by the Italian engineer
2912:City gates in Gibraltar
2491:Windmill Hill Batteries
2366:Princess Anne's Battery
2351:Prince of Wales Battery
2341:Prince George's Battery
1858:Royal Engineers Journal
1570:. Harper & brothers
1387:Fodor's (17 May 2011).
857:Picturesque Europe 1881
773:Gibraltar - Main Sights
761:Fa & Finlayson 2006
749:Ehlen & Harmon 2001
710:Fa & Finlayson 2006
669:Fa & Finlayson 2006
657:Fothergill Jackson 1987
618:Fa & Finlayson 2006
287:Ferdinand IV of Castile
161:Government of Gibraltar
2666:Europa Sunken Magazine
2346:Prince Henry's Battery
2331:Parson's Lodge Battery
2256:Lady Augusta's Battery
2241:Jews' Cemetery Battery
2136:Devil's Tongue Battery
2101:Civil Hospital Battery
1747:Poole, Robert (1748).
1583:James, Thomas (1771).
1177:"Ceremony of the Keys"
1157:"Ceremony of the Keys"
1137:Gibraltar Travel Guide
456:George Augustus Eliott
447:
413:
363:
351:
301:. In 1704, during the
289:took Gibraltar in the
236:Grand Casemates Square
136:36.145248°N 5.353075°W
45:Grand Casemates Square
2876:Prince of Wales Lines
2785:Stanley's Clock Tower
2681:Ragged Staff Magazine
2671:Flat Bastion Magazine
2615:Prince Albert's Front
2552:Grand Casemates Gates
2261:Lady Louisa's Battery
2211:Green's Lodge Battery
2171:Europa Pass Batteries
2121:Detached Mole Battery
2111:Crutchett's Batteries
1683:Naval Review (London)
1544:Heriot, John (1792).
1219:Gibraltar 1779 - 1783
481:United States Admiral
441:
421:Governor of Gibraltar
408:
220:Grand Casemates Gates
103:Grand Casemates Gates
21:Grand Casemates Gates
2866:Montagu Counterguard
2826:Chatham Counterguard
2562:Prince Edward's Gate
2446:St. George's Battery
2301:Mount Misery Battery
2286:Lord Airey's Battery
2251:King's Lines Battery
2231:Hayne's Cave Battery
2176:Farringdon's Battery
2008:Hesse's Demi Bastion
1960:Buena Vista Barracks
1300:The navy from within
1110:. Psychology Press.
944:Life goes calling ..
566:Ceremony of the Keys
564:Re-enactment of the
501:Ceremony of the Keys
493:The navy from within
434:Ceremony of the Keys
399:, just south of the
382:British developments
141:36.145248; -5.353075
2742:Great Siege Tunnels
2421:Signal Hill Battery
2296:Middle Hill Battery
2131:Devil's Gap Battery
1980:Retrenched Barracks
1965:Defensible Barracks
1734:on 13 February 2013
1728:Gibraltar Chronicle
1710:on 13 February 2013
1700:"New Port Sergeant"
1686:. 1941. p. 368
1181:Gibraltar Chronicle
1161:Gibraltar Chronicle
258:which connects the
256:Strait of Gibraltar
132: /
2891:West Place of Arms
2886:Ragged Staff Guard
2620:Ragged Staff Flank
2572:Ragged Staff Gates
2501:Zoca Flank Battery
2496:Woodford's Battery
2481:White Rock Battery
2281:Little Bay Battery
2276:Lighthouse Battery
2186:Gardiner's Battery
2141:Edward VII Battery
2106:Couvreport Battery
2076:Buenavista Battery
2071:Bomb Proof Battery
1955:Bombproof Barracks
1613:on 3 February 2013
1390:Fodor's Spain 2011
1303:. V. Gollancz, ltd
1272:Cox, Jack (2012).
1183:. 6 September 2012
550:West Place of Arms
448:
2899:
2898:
2661:Eliott's Magazine
2600:Line Wall Curtain
2471:Waterport Battery
2416:Scud Hill Battery
2326:Orillon Batteries
2226:Harding's Battery
2196:Genoese Batteries
2096:Catalan Batteries
2081:Buffadero Battery
2066:Breakneck Battery
2061:Alexandra Battery
1975:Lathbury Barracks
1841:978-0-520-03301-6
1765:Chipolina, José.
1639:978-0-89745-251-9
1529:978-1-873376-57-7
1428:978-0-8386-3237-6
1400:978-0-307-92853-5
1351:978-0-8137-4114-7
1257:978-1-4434-1147-9
1250:. HarperCollins.
1229:978-1-84176-977-6
1133:"Casemate Square"
1117:978-0-415-34796-9
1052:New Port Sergeant
1004:Sep 06 - Ceremony
917:Naval Review 1941
505:Charles Harington
392:Line Wall Curtain
260:Mediterranean Sea
248:Rock of Gibraltar
217:
216:
2919:
2821:Caledonian Canal
2737:Great North Road
2732:Admiralty Tunnel
2686:Willis' Magazine
2466:Victoria Battery
2441:Spyglass Battery
2411:Saluting Battery
2396:Rock Gun Battery
2391:Raglan's Battery
2321:O'Hara's Battery
2311:New Mole Battery
2291:Martin's Battery
2216:Half Way Battery
2166:Europa Batteries
2156:Engineer Battery
2146:Eliott's Battery
2091:Castle Batteries
2013:Jumper's Bastion
1932:
1925:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1902:. British Pathé.
1886:
1884:
1882:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1829:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1609:. Archived from
1598:
1596:
1594:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1448:Fortified Places
1439:
1437:
1435:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1383:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1280:. Archived from
1268:
1266:
1264:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1203:on 15 March 2013
1192:
1190:
1188:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1139:. Archived from
1128:
1126:
1124:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
895:, p. 44-45.
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
799:, p. 95-96.
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
659:, p. 57-58.
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
621:
615:
606:
600:
577:
561:
545:
517:Francis Richards
444:Francis Richards
397:Engineer Battery
364:Puerta de Tierra
280:Bay of Gibraltar
192:
190:
152:Site information
147:
146:
144:
143:
142:
137:
133:
130:
129:
128:
125:
99:
98:
92:
72:
60:
51:
18:
17:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2846:Grand Casemates
2836:Forbes' Barrier
2816:Bayside Barrier
2804:
2790:Tower of Homage
2756:
2752:Windsor Gallery
2747:Landport Tunnel
2718:
2690:
2647:
2643:Southport Ditch
2624:
2605:Montagu Curtain
2587:Defensive walls
2581:
2577:Southport Gates
2523:
2505:
2486:Willis' Battery
2431:South Batteries
2406:Rosia Batteries
2381:Queen's Battery
2236:Hutment Battery
2221:Hanover Battery
2191:Genista Battery
2181:Forbes' Battery
2047:
2023:Montagu Bastion
1989:
1970:Grand Casemates
1941:
1936:
1906:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1878:
1864:
1862:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1812:
1810:
1809:. Cassell. 1881
1794:
1792:
1771:
1769:
1759:
1737:
1735:
1713:
1711:
1689:
1687:
1671:
1669:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1616:
1614:
1592:
1590:
1573:
1571:
1554:
1552:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1506:
1504:
1487:
1485:
1468:
1466:
1452:
1450:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1380:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1328:
1326:
1306:
1304:
1287:
1285:
1278:Pilot Community
1262:
1260:
1258:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1206:
1204:
1186:
1184:
1166:
1164:
1146:
1144:
1143:on 1 April 2018
1122:
1120:
1118:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1002:
998:
990:
986:
978:
974:
966:
962:
954:
950:
942:
938:
930:
923:
915:
911:
903:
899:
891:
887:
879:
875:
867:
863:
855:
851:
843:
839:
831:
827:
821:Casemate Square
819:
815:
807:
803:
795:
791:
783:
779:
771:
767:
759:
755:
747:
740:
732:
728:
722:Drinkwater 1786
720:
716:
708:
704:
696:
687:
679:
675:
671:, p. 9-10.
667:
663:
655:
651:
643:
639:
631:
624:
616:
609:
605:, p. 11ff.
601:
597:
588:
581:
578:
569:
562:
553:
546:
537:
503:by General Sir
436:
428:Grand Casemates
384:
323:
244:
213:
188:
186:
169:the public
168:
140:
138:
134:
131:
126:
123:
121:
119:
118:
110:
109:
108:
107:
106:
105:
104:
100:
79:
63:
43:
30:
28:Casemates Gates
12:
11:
5:
2925:
2915:
2914:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2871:Prince's Lines
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2780:O'Hara's Tower
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2676:Grand Magazine
2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2638:Landport Ditch
2634:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2595:Charles V Wall
2591:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2537:Algeciras Gate
2533:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2519:Moorish Castle
2515:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2271:Lewis' Battery
2268:
2266:Levant Battery
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:Jones' Battery
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Orange Bastion
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:King's Bastion
2015:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1985:South Barracks
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1912:
1905:
1904:
1895:
1892:External links
1888:
1887:
1871:
1853:
1840:
1819:
1801:
1778:
1758:978-1170605622
1757:
1744:
1720:
1696:
1678:
1651:
1638:
1623:
1599:
1580:
1561:
1541:
1528:
1522:. Spellmount.
1513:
1494:
1475:
1459:
1440:
1427:
1412:
1399:
1384:
1378:
1363:
1350:
1335:
1313:
1294:
1284:on 17 May 2012
1269:
1256:
1241:
1228:
1213:
1193:
1173:
1153:
1129:
1116:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1044:
1032:
1020:
1008:
996:
994:, p. 180.
984:
982:, p. 830.
972:
960:
956:Chartrand 2006
948:
936:
921:
909:
897:
885:
873:
861:
849:
847:, p. 154.
837:
835:, p. 227.
825:
813:
801:
789:
777:
765:
753:
751:, p. 110.
738:
736:, p. 345.
726:
714:
702:
700:, p. 403.
685:
673:
661:
649:
647:, p. 171.
637:
622:
607:
594:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
572:
570:
563:
556:
554:
547:
540:
536:
533:
484:Jerauld Wright
435:
432:
419:was appointed
383:
380:
352:Puerta del Mar
342:in the 1560s.
327:Moorish Castle
322:
319:
264:Atlantic Ocean
243:
240:
224:Waterport Gate
215:
214:
212:
211:
206:
200:
198:
194:
193:
183:
179:
178:
174:
173:
170:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
116:
112:
111:
102:
101:
94:
93:
87:
86:
85:
84:
81:
80:
73:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
40:
39:
32:
31:
26:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2924:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Queen's Lines
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Giralda Tower
2773:
2771:
2770:Devil's Tower
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Detached Mole
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:Upper Battery
2459:
2457:
2456:Tower Battery
2454:
2452:
2451:Tovey Battery
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Rooke Battery
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Grand Battery
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:Calpe Battery
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:South Bastion
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:North Bastion
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1876:
1872:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1768:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1484:
1483:Andalucia.com
1480:
1476:
1464:
1460:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1163:. 19 May 2005
1162:
1158:
1154:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1065:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1005:
1000:
993:
988:
981:
976:
969:
964:
958:, p. 91.
957:
952:
945:
940:
933:
928:
926:
918:
913:
907:, p. 36.
906:
901:
894:
889:
883:, p. 22.
882:
877:
871:, p. 57.
870:
865:
859:, p. 50.
858:
853:
846:
841:
834:
829:
822:
817:
811:, p. 97.
810:
805:
798:
793:
786:
781:
774:
769:
762:
757:
750:
745:
743:
735:
730:
724:, p. 29.
723:
718:
712:, p. 19.
711:
706:
699:
694:
692:
690:
682:
677:
670:
665:
658:
653:
646:
641:
635:, p. 37.
634:
629:
627:
620:, p. 12.
619:
614:
612:
604:
599:
595:
593:
592:
576:
571:
567:
560:
555:
551:
544:
539:
538:
532:
530:
526:
522:
521:Robert Fulton
518:
513:
510:
506:
502:
497:
494:
490:
489:Kenneth Dewar
485:
482:
478:
473:
471:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
445:
440:
431:
429:
424:
422:
418:
412:
407:
404:
402:
398:
393:
389:
379:
376:
371:
369:
368:Landport Gate
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
343:
341:
337:
336:North Bastion
332:
331:Giralda Tower
328:
318:
316:
312:
308:
305:, a combined
304:
300:
296:
295:lengthy siege
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
199:
195:
184:
180:
175:
171:
165:
162:
159:
155:
150:
145:
117:
113:
91:
82:
77:
71:
66:
59:
54:
50:
46:
41:
38:
33:
29:
24:
19:
16:
2856:King's Lines
2795:Tuerto Tower
2610:Moorish Wall
2567:Queen’s Gate
2551:
2547:Granada Gate
2542:Barcina Gate
2476:West Battery
2436:Spur Battery
2003:Flat Bastion
1891:
1890:
1879:. Retrieved
1863:. Retrieved
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1825:
1811:. Retrieved
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1788:
1783:
1770:. Retrieved
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1732:the original
1727:
1712:. Retrieved
1708:the original
1703:
1688:. Retrieved
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1658:
1643:. Retrieved
1628:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:the original
1606:
1591:. Retrieved
1585:
1572:. Retrieved
1566:
1553:. Retrieved
1546:
1533:. Retrieved
1518:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:
1467:. Retrieved
1451:. Retrieved
1447:
1432:. Retrieved
1417:
1404:. Retrieved
1389:
1379:1-84603016-1
1368:
1355:. Retrieved
1340:
1327:. Retrieved
1318:
1305:. Retrieved
1299:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:the original
1277:
1261:. Retrieved
1246:
1233:. Retrieved
1218:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:the original
1185:. Retrieved
1180:
1165:. Retrieved
1160:
1145:. Retrieved
1141:the original
1136:
1121:. Retrieved
1106:
1096:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1023:
1011:
999:
992:Chilton 2012
987:
980:Fodor's 2011
975:
963:
951:
939:
912:
900:
888:
881:Howells 1908
876:
869:Raleigh 1977
864:
852:
840:
833:Musteen 2005
828:
816:
809:Musteen 2005
804:
797:Musteen 2005
792:
780:
768:
763:, p. 8.
756:
729:
717:
705:
676:
664:
652:
640:
598:
590:
589:
529:Adrian Johns
514:
498:
492:
474:
467:
449:
425:
414:
409:
405:
385:
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355:
344:
324:
299:eighth siege
284:
245:
223:
219:
218:
177:Site history
167:Open to
27:
15:
2800:Round Tower
1772:18 November
1738:24 November
1714:24 November
1617:24 November
1593:18 November
1555:18 November
1507:24 November
1469:24 November
1444:"Gibraltar"
1357:18 November
1288:24 November
1207:24 November
1187:24 November
1167:24 November
845:Archer 2006
633:Harvey 1996
603:Heriot 1792
525:Black Watch
496:Palace..."
479:the future
477:World War I
464:James Joyce
460:Molly Bloom
450:During the
222:, formerly
139: /
115:Coordinates
2851:Inundation
2714:South Mole
2709:North Mole
2529:City gates
1881:4 December
1865:16 October
1847:3 December
1813:4 December
1795:13 October
1763:Quoted in
1690:4 December
1672:3 December
1645:3 December
1574:3 December
1535:16 October
1488:13 October
1453:13 October
1434:16 October
1406:4 December
1329:13 October
1307:3 December
1263:4 December
1235:4 December
1147:13 October
1123:4 December
905:Dewar 1939
785:Poole 1748
734:James 1771
698:James 1771
586:References
390:built the
356:La Barcina
291:1309 siege
242:Background
124:36°08′43″N
2653:Magazines
2053:Batteries
1667:0024-3019
1519:Gibraltar
681:Gibraltar
591:Citations
466:'s novel
262:with the
232:Gibraltar
204:Limestone
197:Materials
127:5°21′11″W
49:Gibraltar
2906:Category
2557:Landport
1995:Bastions
1947:Barracks
1704:GBC News
1502:eportbic
932:Cox 2012
893:Key 2001
509:Ironside
415:In 1802
401:New Mole
375:Old Mole
76:Old Mole
35:Part of
2724:Tunnels
2630:Ditches
2511:Castles
1097:Sources
535:Gallery
469:Ulysses
388:British
378:drawn.
360:Spanish
348:Spanish
276:British
272:Spanish
252:isthmus
187: (
2841:Glacis
2831:Flêche
2762:Towers
1838:
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1665:
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1376:
1348:
1254:
1226:
1114:
313:force
2809:Other
2696:Moles
311:Dutch
307:Anglo
268:Moors
234:, at
182:Built
157:Owner
1883:2012
1867:2012
1849:2012
1836:ISBN
1815:2012
1797:2012
1774:2012
1753:ISBN
1740:2012
1716:2012
1692:2012
1674:2012
1663:ISSN
1659:LIFE
1647:2012
1634:ISBN
1619:2012
1595:2012
1576:2012
1557:2012
1537:2012
1524:ISBN
1509:2012
1490:2012
1471:2012
1455:2012
1436:2012
1423:ISBN
1408:2012
1395:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1359:2012
1346:ISBN
1331:2012
1309:2012
1290:2012
1265:2012
1252:ISBN
1237:2012
1224:ISBN
1209:2012
1189:2012
1169:2012
1149:2012
1125:2012
1112:ISBN
442:Sir
426:The
386:The
373:The
366:now
274:and
246:The
189:1727
185:1727
1548:...
462:in
230:of
209:oak
172:Yes
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