7495:
7492:
11788:
135:
4835:
2501:
3551:
1519:
4295:
4858:
12423:
225:
1354:
4915:
1120:
1090:
4152:). Though not the most common mother tongue in Luxembourg, French is the most widely-known language in the country: in 2021, 98% of citizens were able to speak it to a high level. The vast majority of Luxembourg residents are able to speak it as a second or third language. As of 2018, much of the population was able to speak multiple other languages: 80% of citizens reported being able to hold a conversation in English, 78% in German and 77% in Luxembourgish, claiming these languages as their respective second, third or fourth language.
1160:
1143:
2546:
2682:
4204:
3933:
4579:
4921:
13091:
4283:
4129:
1705:
2758:
12308:
4665:
121:
3863:
2859:
802:
3418:
3677:
4773:
643:
13743:
12093:
3894:
3650:
12105:
3687:
3985:
3972:
2997:
3946:
2204:
4384:
3998:
3907:
3228:
2017:, which led to an outcry in strongly Catholic Luxembourg. Additionally French was implemented as the only official language and Luxembourgish people were barred access to all civil services. When the French Army introduced military duty for the local population, riots broke out which culminated in 1798 when Luxembourgish peasants started a rebellion. Even though the French managed to rapidly suppress this revolt called
3920:
4011:
3959:
4160:
system of the Grand Duchy, French is also the sole language of the legislation and generally the preferred language of the government, administration and justice. Parliamentary debates are mostly conducted in
Luxembourgish, whereas written government communications and official documents (e.g. administrative or judicial decisions, passports, etc.) are drafted mostly in French and sometimes additionally in German.
10878:
4312:
English is taught in compulsory schooling and much of the population of
Luxembourg can speak English. The past two decades have highlighted the growing importance of English in several sectors, in particular the financial sector. Portuguese, the language of the largest immigrant community, is also spoken by large segments of the population, but by relatively few from outside the Portuguese-speaking community.
827:
779:
760:
727:
704:
3640:
4714:. Because of the strong multilingualism in Luxembourg, newspapers often alternate articles in French and articles in German, without translation. In addition, there are both English and Portuguese radio and national print publications, but accurate audience figures are difficult to gauge since the national media survey by ILRES is conducted in French.
2661:
5062:
2241:), the Luxembourgish government continued to pursue a policy of strict neutrality. However, the Luxembourgish population did not believe Germany had good intentions, fearing that it would annex Luxembourg. Around 1,000 Luxembourgers served in the French army. Their sacrifices have been commemorated at the
9121:
2111:, it claimed the entire Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg as being part of Belgium, however, the Dutch King who was also Grand Duke of Luxembourg, as well as Prussia, did not want to lose their grip on the mighty fortress of Luxembourg and did not agree with the Belgian claims. The dispute would be solved at the
4311:
is trilingual: the first years of primary school are in
Luxembourgish, before changing to German; while in secondary school, the language of instruction changes to French. Proficiency in all three languages is required for graduation from secondary school. In addition to the three national languages,
4155:
Each of the three official languages is used as a primary language in certain spheres of everyday life, without being exclusive. Luxembourgish is the language that
Luxembourgers generally use to speak and write to each other, and there has been a recent increase in the production of novels and movies
3565:
Luxembourg is connected to all major
European Internet Exchanges (AMS-IX Amsterdam, DE-CIX Frankfurt, LINX London), datacenters and POPs through redundant optical networks. In addition, the country is connected to the virtual meetme room services (vmmr) of the international data hub operator Ancotel.
3526:
in
Luxembourg is liberalized and the electronic communications networks are significantly developed. Competition between the different operators is guaranteed by the legislative framework Paquet Telecom of the Government of 2011 which transposes the European Telecom Directives into Luxembourgish law.
4836:
4159:
Most official business and written communication is carried out in French, which is also the language mostly used for public communication, with written official statements, advertising displays and road signs generally in French. Due to the historical influence of the
Napoleonic Code on the legal
4042:
nationality. In 2013, there were 537,039 permanent residents, 44.5% of which were of foreign background or foreign nationals; the largest foreign ethnic groups were the
Portuguese, comprising 16.4% of the total population, followed by the French (6.6%), Italians (3.4%), Belgians (3.3%) and Germans
4557:
in
Shanghai, China, from 1 May to 31 October 2010 with its own pavilion. The pavilion, designed as a forest and fortress, was based on the transliteration of the word Luxembourg into Chinese, "LĂșsÄnbÇo", which when directly translated, means "forest and fortress". It represented Luxembourg as the
4167:
German is very often used in much of the media along with French and is considered by most
Luxembourgers their second language. This is mostly due to the high similarity of German to Luxembourgish but also because it is the first language taught to children in primary school (language of literacy
3392:
The Luxembourg labor market represents 445,000 jobs occupied by 120,000 Luxembourgers, 120,000 foreign residents and 205,000 cross-border commuters. The latter pay their taxes in Luxembourg, but their education is partially financed by their country of residence. Luxembourg's government has never
4692:
Luxembourg sells the most alcohol in Europe per capita. However, the large proportion of alcohol purchased by customers from neighboring countries contributes to the statistically high level of alcohol sales per capita; this level of alcohol sales is thus not representative of the actual alcohol
3573:
Some 20 data centers are operating in Luxembourg. Six data centers are Tier IV Design certified: three of ebrc, two of LuxConnect and one of European Data Hub. In a survey on nine international data centers carried out in December 2012 and January 2013 and measuring availability (up-time) and
9820:"ArrĂȘtĂ© ministĂ©riel du 29 aoĂ»t 2017 portant accrĂ©ditation de " Luxembourg School of Business " (LSB) en tant qu'Ă©tablissement d'enseignement supĂ©rieur spĂ©cialisĂ© et du programme d'Ă©tudes Ă temps partiel " Master of Business Administration " (MBA) offert par l'Ă©tablissement prĂ©citĂ©. - Legilux"
9122:
https://lustat.statec.lu/vis?fs[0]=Th%C3%A8mes%2C1%7CPopulation%20et%20emploi%23B%23%7CEtat%20de%20la%20population%23B1%23&pg=0&fc=Th%C3%A8mes&df[ds]=ds-release&df[id]=DF_B1113&df[ag]=LU1&df[vs]=1.1&pd=2015%2C2024&dq=.A
3185:, Luxembourg is one of the world's best performers in environmental protection, ranking fourth out of 132 assessed countries. In 2020, it ranked second out of 180 countries. Luxembourg also ranks sixth among the top ten most livable cities in the world by Mercer's. The country wants to cut
5316:(in French, Luxembourgish, and German). Brochure distribuée par la chambre des députés (48 pages). 2023. p. 4 : Chapter I, Section 1, article 4. "La langue du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg est le luxembourgeois. La loi rÚgle l'emploi des langues luxembourgeoise, francaise et allemande.".
3530:
Luxembourg has modern and widely deployed optical fiber and cable networks throughout the country. In 2010, the Luxembourg Government launched its National strategy for very high-speed networks with the aim to become a global leader in terms of very high-speed broadband by achieving full
5212:
4062:. Annually, over 10,000 new immigrants arrive in Luxembourg, mostly from the EU states, as well as Eastern Europe. In 2000 there were 162,000 immigrants in Luxembourg, accounting for 37% of the total population. There were an estimated 5,000 illegal immigrants in Luxembourg in 1999.
4218:, but the state recognizes certain religions as officially mandated religions. This gives the state a hand in religious administration and appointment of clergy, in exchange for which the state pays certain running costs and wages. Religions covered by such arrangements are
5050:
2166:
As a result of the recurring disputes between the major European powers, the people of Luxembourg gradually developed a consciousness of independence and a national awakening took place in the 19th century. The people of Luxembourg began referring to themselves as
4545:
twice. The first time was in 1995. In 2007, the European Capital of Culture was to be a cross-border area consisting of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Rheinland-Pfalz and Saarland in Germany, the Walloon Region and the German-speaking part of Belgium, and the
7307:
4394:
Luxembourg has been heavily influenced by the culture of its neighbors. It retains a number of folk traditions, having been for much of its history a profoundly rural country. There are several notable museums, located mostly in the capital. These include the
4175:, the Portuguese language is fairly prevalent in Luxembourg, though it remains limited to the relationships inside this community. Portuguese has no official status, but the administration sometimes makes certain informative documents available in Portuguese.
8903:
3535:
coverage of 75%. In April 2013, Luxembourg featured the sixth highest download speed worldwide and the second highest in Europe: 32,46 Mbit/s. The country's location in Central Europe, stable economy and low taxes favour the telecommunication industry.
3433:
Luxembourg has road, rail and air transport facilities and services. The road network has been significantly modernized in recent years with 165 km (103 mi) of motorways connecting the capital to adjacent countries. The advent of the high-speed
4681:
Luxembourg cuisine reflects its position on the border between the Latin and Germanic worlds, being heavily influenced by the cuisines of neighboring France and Germany. More recently, it has been enriched by its many Italian and Portuguese immigrants.
2288:
rebelled, declaring itself to be the army of the new republic, but French troops intervened and put an end to the rebellion. Nonetheless, the disloyalty shown by her own armed forces was too much for Marie-Adélaïde, who abdicated in favor of her sister
212:
2297:, 77.8% of the Luxembourgish population declared in favor of maintaining monarchy and rejected the establishment of a republic. During this time, Belgium pushed for an annexation of Luxembourg. However, all such claims were ultimately dismissed at the
4594:, but instead encompass a number of sports, both team and individual. Despite the lack of a central sporting focus, over 100,000 people in Luxembourg, out of a total population of 660,000, are licensed members of one sports federation or another. The
1670:
to their realm. But despite the defeat, the Battle of Worringen helped the Counts of Luxembourg to achieve military glory, which they had previously lacked, as they had mostly enlarged their territory by means of inheritances, marriages and fiefdoms.
4096:
of the Luxembourgish people. It is considered the mother tongue or "language of the heart" for Luxembourgers and the language they generally use to speak or write to each other. Luxembourgish as well as the dialects in adjacent Germany belong to the
4273:
poll, 44% of Luxembourg citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", whereas 28% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force", and 22% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force".
213:
182:
3255:, Luxembourg was the world's second-richest country, with a per capita GDP on a purchasing-power parity (PPP) basis of $ 80,119. Its GDP per capita in purchasing power standards was 261% of the EU average (100%) in 2019. Luxembourg ranks 13th in
211:
210:
181:
3566:
This enables Luxembourg to interconnect with all major telecommunication operators and data carriers worldwide. The interconnection points are in Frankfurt, London, New York and Hong Kong. Luxembourg has established itself as one of the leading
2283:
France questioned the Luxembourgish government's, and especially Marie-Adélaïde's, neutrality during the war, and calls for an annexation of Luxembourg to either France or Belgium grew louder in both countries. In January 1919, a company of the
5222:
4323:, a graduate business school, was created through private initiative and received the accreditation from the Ministry of Higher Education and Research of Luxembourg in 2017. Two American universities maintain satellite campuses in the country:
3318:. In response, the country soon adopted OECD standards on exchange of information and was subsequently added into the category of "jurisdictions that have substantially implemented the internationally agreed tax standard". In March 2010, the
2796:
where the agreements were signed). At the same time, the majority of Luxembourgers have consistently believed that European unity makes sense only in the context of a dynamic transatlantic relationship, and thus have traditionally pursued a
2088:, but also that large parts of Luxembourgish territory (mainly the areas around Bitburg and St. Vith) become Prussian possessions. This marked the second time that the Duchy of Luxembourg was reduced in size, and is generally known as the
4859:
4182:
and that Luxembourgish and German are in danger of disappearing in the country. This would make Luxembourg either a unilingual Francophone country, or at best a bilingual French- and English-speaking country sometime in the far future.
1801:
for supremacy within the Holy Roman Empire and Central Europe. It all came to end in 1443, when the House of Luxembourg suffered a succession crisis, precipitated by the lack of a male heir to assume the throne. Since Sigismund and
3278:
The industrial sector, dominated by steel until the 1960s, has since diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. During recent decades, growth in the financial sector has more than compensated for the decline in
4163:
Although professional life is largely multilingual, French is described by private sector business leaders as the main working language of their companies (56%), followed by Luxembourgish (20%), English (18%), and German (6%).
4124:
of Luxembourg. Per article 4 of the law promulgated in 1984, if a citizen asks a question in Luxembourgish, German or French, the administration must reply, as far as possible, in the language in which the question was asked.
1853:
With having become a Habsburg possession, the Duchy of Luxembourg became, like many countries in Europe at the time, heavily involved in the many conflicts for dominance of Europe between the Habsburg-held countries and the
2607:(Luxembourg), which includes the Court of Appeal and the Court of Cassation. There is also an Administrative Tribunal and an Administrative Court, as well as a Constitutional Court, all of which are located in the capital.
2670:
between 1659 and 1839. Together, they reduced the territory of Luxembourg from 10,700 km (4,100 sq mi) to the present-day area of 2,586 km (998 sq mi). The remainder forms parts of modern day
2154:
of 1866 nearly led to war between Prussia and France, as both were unwilling to see the other taking influence over Luxembourg and its mighty fortress, the Grand Duchy's independence and neutrality were reaffirmed by the
7299:
1774:, a decree which fixed important aspects of the constitutional structure of the Empire. Luxembourg remained an independent fief (county) of the Holy Roman Empire, and in 1354, Charles IV elevated it to the status of a
8165:
8018:
8910:
1587:, a town gradually developed, which became the center of a state of great strategic value within the Duchy of Lorraine. Over the years, the fortress was extended by Siegfried's descendants and by 1083, one of them,
2130:) was transferred to the new state of Belgium, thereby giving Luxembourg its modern-day borders. The treaty of 1839 also established full independence of the remaining Germanic-speaking Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.
9043:
1121:
224:
9264:
4732:
Due to a 1988 law that established a special tax scheme for audiovisual investment, the film and co-production in Luxembourg has grown steadily. There are some 30 registered production companies in Luxembourg.
4261:
is that 87% of Luxembourgers are Catholic, including the grand ducal family, with the remaining 13% being Protestants, Orthodox Christians, Jews, Muslims, and those of other or no religion. According to a 2010
10661:
1091:
13697:
4361:, healthcare spending on behalf of the government of Luxembourg topped $ 4.1 Billion, amounting to about $ 8,182 for each citizen in the nation. The nation of Luxembourg collectively spent nearly 7% of its
10159:
9186:
7750:
13823:
7874:
1161:
6695:
4843:
2159:
and Prussia was finally willing to withdraw its troops from the Fortress of Luxembourg under the condition that the fortifications would be dismantled. That happened the same year. At the time of the
1128:
2466:' rich iron-ore grounds in the beginning of the 20th century drove Luxembourg's industrialization. After the decline of the steel industry in the 1970s, the country focused on establishing itself as
1144:
8383:
2542:, in which case new elections must be held within three months. But since 1919, sovereignty has resided with the nation, exercised by the grand duke in accordance with the Constitution and the law.
5327:
7683:
2237:, Luxembourg was allowed to maintain much of its independence and political mechanisms. Unaware of the fact that Germany secretly planned to annex the Grand-Duchy in case of a German victory (the
13783:
4365:
on health, placing it among the highest spending countries on health services and related programs in 2010 among other well-off nations in Europe with high average income among its population.
209:
179:
10227:
3287:, account for the majority of the economic output. Luxembourg is the world's second-largest investment fund center (after the United States), the most important private banking center in the
7528:
3539:
It ranks second in the world in the development of the Information and Communication Technologies in the ITU ICT Development Index and 8th in the Global Broadband Quality Study 2009 by the
4105:
dialect group, which are largely mutually intelligible across the border, but Luxembourgish also has more than 5,000 words of French origin. Knowledge of Luxembourgish is a criterion for
2356:), Luxembourg suffered the highest such loss in Western Europe, but its commitment to the Allied war effort was never questioned. Around 1,000â2,500 of Luxembourg's Jews were murdered in
13152:
4988:
10625:
10111:
5353:
1843:, and with it the Duchy of Luxembourg. For nearly 320 years Luxembourg would remain a possession of the mighty House of Habsburg, at first under Austrian rule (1506â1556), then under
7904:
7844:
3299:
being two of the many Internet companies that have shifted their regional headquarters to Luxembourg. Other high-tech companies have established themselves in Luxembourg, including
5617:
1926:
As the Duchy of Luxembourg repeatedly passed back and forth from Spanish and Austrian to French rule, each of the conquering nations contributed to strengthening and expanding the
7441:
9977:
207:
178:
9210:
8269:
6868:
9497:
9398:
8157:
12143:
10770:
8008:
7956:
7176:
7022:
2052:
in 1815, the Duchy of Luxembourg was restored. However, as the territory had been part of the Holy Roman Empire as well as the Habsburgian Netherlands in the past, both the
1923:
and sided with the Bourbons. The duchy was subsequently occupied by the pro-Austrian allied forces during the conflict and was awarded to Austria at its conclusion in 1714.
9441:
8239:
3326:'s $ 4 billion in secret accounts was in Luxembourg banks. Amazon.co.uk also benefits from Luxembourg tax loopholes by channeling substantial U.K. revenues, as reported by
11512:
4416:
2013:
in 1797. From the start of the occupation the new French officials in Luxembourg, who spoke only French, implemented many republican reforms, among them the principle of
7781:
2531:
and the cabinet, which consists of several members with the titles of minister, minister delegate or secretary of state, who are headed by a Prime Minister. The current
9047:
6729:
3368:
Agriculture employed about 2.1% of Luxembourg's active population in 2010, when there were 2,200 agricultural holdings with an average area per holding of 60 hectares.
2977:; it is about 2,586 square kilometers (998 sq mi) in size, measuring 82 km (51 mi) long and 57 km (35 mi) wide. It lies between latitudes
10191:
9538:
9260:
7268:
5129:
2252:
was seen by many people (including the French and Belgian governments) as having collaborated with the Germans and calls for her abdication and the establishment of a
10378:
8108:
6930:
6356:
5852:
13843:
13838:
13828:
10647:
9857:
5996:
1427:
Similar to those in Gaul, the Celts of Luxembourg adopted Roman culture, language, morals and a way of life, effectively becoming what historians later described as
9340:
9182:
8991:
5477:
4550:
area in France. The event was an attempt to promote mobility and the exchange of ideas, crossing borders physically, psychologically, artistically and emotionally.
9017:
5159:
2144:
2026:
However, many republican ideas of this era continue to have a lasting effect on Luxembourg; one of the many examples features the implementation of the Napoleonic
671:
208:
180:
8134:
5389:
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Les langues dans les offres d'emploi au Luxembourg (1984-2014), Université du Luxembourg, IPSE Identités, Politiques, Sociétés, Espaces, Working Paper, Juin 2015
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This encourages the investment in networks and services. The regulator ILR â Institut Luxembourgeois de RĂ©gulation ensures the compliance to these legal rules.
1806:
were both heirless, all possessions of the Luxembourg Dynasty were redistributed among the European aristocracy. The Duchy of Luxembourg become a possession of
12355:
6608:
4951:
4610:
and largest sports venue in the country with a capacity of 9,386 for sporting events, including football and rugby union, and 15,000 for concerts. The largest
2470:
and developed into the banking hub it is reputed to be. Since the beginning of the 21st century, its governments have focused on developing the country into a
1309:
1005:
10404:
9616:
1602:
By the middle of the 13th century, the counts of Luxembourg had managed to gain considerable wealth and power and had expanded their territory from the river
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6699:
4933:
9228:
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8877:
8390:
8342:
7201:
5096:
5021:
1250:
7404:
6760:
6222:
1754:
In the 14th and early 15th centuries, three more members of the House of Luxembourg reigned as Holy Roman Emperors and Bohemian Kings: John's descendants
13853:
10994:
9664:
4156:
in the language. At the same time, the numerous expatriate workers (approximately 44% of the population) generally do not use it to speak to each other.
3247:
features moderate growth, low inflation, and a high level of innovation. Unemployment is traditionally low, though it reached 6.1% by May 2012 after the
2322:
2216:
10784:
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2212:
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Moyse, Francois; Brasseur, Pierre; Scuto, Denis (2006). "Luxembourg". In Bauböck, Rainer; ErsbÞll, Eva; Groenendijk, C. A.; Waldrauch, Harald (eds.).
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1457:. The Salian Franks who settled in the area are often described as the ones having brought the Germanic language to present-day Luxembourg, since the
12682:
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2909:
airplanes are registered as aircraft of Luxembourg. In accordance with a joint agreement with Belgium, both countries have put forth funding for one
10231:
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8048:
6105:
9750:
8187:
4643:
4408:
2249:
647:
13651:
10458:
7516:
6820:
12662:
12657:
9909:
8965:
1960:
invaded the Austrian Netherlands, and with it, Luxembourg. In the years 1793 and 1794 most of the Duchy was conquered relatively quickly and the
10867:
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13144:
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262:
10007:
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5213:"Decision of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States on the location of the seats of the institutions (12 December 1992)"
4977:
4132:
Advertisement from a bank in Luxembourg with translations in (clockwise from top left) Luxembourgish, German, English, French, and Portuguese
3574:
performance (delay by which the data from the requested website was received), the top three positions were held by Luxembourg data centers.
2352:
With 2.45% of its prewar population killed, and a third of all buildings in Luxembourg being destroyed or heavily damaged (mainly due to the
783:
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Most native Luxembourg dishes, consumed as the traditional daily fare, share roots in the country's folk dishes, the same as in neighboring
1398:. Many examples of archaeological evidence proving their existence in Luxembourg have been discovered, the most famous being the Oppidum of
13833:
13818:
12129:
10089:
8762:"Globale Rechenzentren | Colocation mit niedrigen Latenzen fĂŒr Finanzunternehmen, CDNs, Enterprises & Cloud-Netzwerke bei Equinix"
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1964:
committed many atrocities and pillages against the Luxembourgish civilian population and abbeys, the most infamous being the massacres of
13858:
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4917:
Eurobarometer 90.4: Attitudes of Europeans towards Biodiversity, Awareness and Perceptions of EU customs, and Perceptions of Antisemitism
4893:
4708:
The main languages of media in Luxembourg are French and German. The newspaper with the largest circulation is the German-language daily
4043:(2.3%). Another 6.4% were of other EU background, while the remaining 6.1% were of other non-EU, but largely other European, background.
10059:
9722:
7430:
6647:
5625:
12652:
12398:
12348:
11424:
9969:
9797:
9290:
8729:
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1919:. When the war broke out in 1701 Luxembourg and the Spanish Netherlands were administered by the pro-French faction under the governor
611:
9207:
8265:
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5709:
3291:
and Europe's leading center for reinsurance companies. Moreover, Luxembourg's government has aimed to attract Internet startups, with
13135:
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5331:
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4328:
3252:
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1920:
1647:
1304:
in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of its vast fortifications and historic quarters. Luxembourg is a founding member of the
1277:
1195:
731:
17:
10291:
7591:
3386:. However, securities owned by non-Luxembourg residents, but held in custodial accounts in Luxembourg, are included in this figure.
12593:
11496:
10595:
10261:
10142:
9504:
9405:
9229:"The Regularisation of Unauthorised Migrants: Literature Survey and Country Case Studies â Regularisation programmes in Luxembourg"
4257:
Since 1980, it has been illegal for the government to collect statistics on religious beliefs or practices. A 2000 estimate by the
3570:(FinTech) hubs in Europe, with the Luxembourg government supporting initiatives like the Luxembourg House of Financial Technology.
2929:
1786:. While his kin were occupied ruling and expanding their power within the Holy Roman Empire and elsewhere, Wenceslaus, annexed the
1246:
10426:
8787:
7952:
7331:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material"
6168:
Johan Christiaan Boogman: Nederland en de Duitse Bond 1815â1851. Diss. Utrecht, J. B. Wolters, Groningen / Djakarta 1955, pp. 5â8.
6102:"LUXEMBOURG - 17 mai 1794 - MASSACRE DE DUDELANGE - l'HORRIBLE FIN DE PIERRE GAASCH, GARDE-FORESTIER ... - la MaraĂźchine Normande"
3118:, and is more densely populated than the Ăislek. It is also more diverse and can be divided into five geographic sub-regions. The
13656:
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11217:
11026:
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8243:
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2584:), composed of 21 ordinary citizens appointed by the grand duke, advises the Chamber of Deputies in the drafting of legislation.
522:
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within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.
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8361:
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12707:
11329:
11048:
10547:
9947:
8317:
7709:
4573:
2821:
2805:
2762:
2626:
2604:
2447:), Luxembourgish politicians contributed substantially to the EU's formation and establishment. In 1999, Luxembourg joined the
2298:
2265:
1211:
10848:
7773:
6200:
3397:. This system is seen by some as one of the keys to Luxembourg's economic growth, but at the expense of the border countries.
3189:
by 55% in 10 years and reach zero emissions by 2050. Luxembourg wants to increase its organic farming fivefold. It had a 2019
2535:, the supreme law of Luxembourg, was originally adopted on 17 October 1868. The Constitution was last updated on 1 July 2023.
12341:
11253:
11222:
10959:
10701:
10343:
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Dutta, Soumitra; Lanvin, Bruno; Wunsch-Vincent, Sacha; LeĂłn, Lorena Rivera; World Intellectual Property Organization (2022).
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and was one of the founding members of the European Economic Community (now the European Union). It also participates in the
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452:
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7276:
7098:
5118:
12386:
10370:
8100:
6926:
6578:
6348:
5848:
5473:
5125:
4404:
3065:
9849:
5988:
12735:
12410:
11489:
11167:
9723:"Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Percentages | Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project"
9313:
8995:
8761:
6960:
6571:"Luxemburg unter deutscher Besatzung 1940-45: Die Bevölkerung eines kleinen Landes zwischen Kollaboration und Widerstand"
5595:
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2906:
1934:
who advanced the fortifications around and on the heights of the city, fortification walls that are still visible today.
9021:
8518:
5444:
3138:, in the far south and southwest, are Luxembourg's industrial heartland and home to many of Luxembourg's largest towns.
1900:, and the surrounding territory to France, effectively reducing the size of Luxembourg for the first time in centuries.
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11011:
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1911:, conquering and occupying the Duchy until 1697 when it was returned to the Spanish in order to garner support for the
1881:
1440:
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764:
9887:
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2505:
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2188:
2057:
1985:
1097:
6600:
1019:
13242:
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11404:
11324:
11288:
11263:
11155:
10969:
10693:
10400:
9600:
8677:
4207:
4136:
Luxembourg is largely multilingual. In 2012, 52% of citizens claimed Luxembourgish as their native language, 16.4%
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3389:
As of 2019, Luxembourg's public debt totaled $ 15,687,000,000, or $ 25,554 per capita. The debt to GDP was 22.10%.
3190:
2883:
2539:
2412:
2273:
2183:
culminated in 1890, when the last step towards full independence was finally taken: due to a succession crisis the
1779:
1489:
500:
10804:
7926:
6673:
4084:
Luxembourg does not have any "official" languages per se. As determined by the 1984 Language Regimen Act (French:
3206:
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1496:, an important surviving codex written entirely in gold ink, was produced here in the 11th century. The so-called
154:
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1325:
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399:
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13682:
12672:
11414:
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11307:
11172:
8240:"Service des mĂ©dias et des communications (SMC) â gouvernement.lu // L'actualitĂ© du gouvernement du Luxembourg"
7408:
6752:
6226:
4400:
4378:
3213:), marked by high levels of precipitation, particularly in late summer. The summers are warm and winters cool.
2577:
2550:
2334:
1930:
that the Castle of Luxembourg had become over the years. One example of this includes French military engineer
1755:
1522:
712:
9671:
4178:
Even though Luxembourg is largely multilingual today, some people claim that Luxembourg is subject of intense
13803:
13128:
12677:
10781:
7953:"What are the problems of geographic attribution for securities holdings and transactions in the TIC system?"
7810:
7046:
6425:
4700:
restaurants per capita with Japan ranked at number one and Switzerland following Luxembourg at number three.
4452:
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4075:
2899:
1916:
1870:
1759:
1693:
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of Luxembourg is usually dated back to the end of the 7th century. The most famous figure in this context is
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480:
12459:
9315:
Acquisition and loss of nationality: policies and trends in 15 European states. Volume 2, Country analyses
9156:
1992:
to call Luxembourg "the best fortress in the world, except Gibraltar", giving rise to the city's nickname
13438:
12072:
Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.
11117:
11078:
11068:
10999:
10881:
10839:
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11349:
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8730:"Telx Partners with German Hub Provider ancotel to Provide Virtual Connections between U.S. and Europe"
6812:
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return, this was, however, with a particular emphasis on promoting music and artists from Luxembourg.
4187:
2951:. The army has also participated in humanitarian relief missions such as setting up refugee camps for
2504:
The Hall of the Chamber of Deputies, the meeting place of the Luxembourgish national legislature, the
11283:
11248:
11202:
10861:
5419:
Krouse, Sarah (1 January 2018). "Piping Hot Gromperekichelcher, Only if You Pass the Sproochentest".
4718:
4358:
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2970:
2708:
1961:
1545:
1293:
8544:
7669:
7269:"MAE â Luxembourg City in the top 10 of the most "livable" cities / News / New York CG / Mini-Sites"
6511:"Le Luxembourg de la guerre Ă la paix (1918 â 1923): la France, actrice majeure de cette transition"
2163:
in 1870, Luxembourg's neutrality was respected, and neither France nor Germany invaded the country.
13227:
13121:
11160:
11006:
9999:
8820:
8655:
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6186:
Thewes, Guy (2006) (PDF). Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848 (2006), p. 208
4852:
4791:
4530:. Only nine of its 38 entries before 2024, and none of its five winning entries, were performed by
4352:
4316:
4287:
4172:
3898:
3314:, led to its being added to a "gray list" of nations with questionable banking arrangements by the
2974:
2813:
2667:
2558:
2528:
2475:
2346:
2116:
2097:
2089:
1889:
1767:
1492:. For a few centuries the abbey would become one of northern Europe's most influential abbeys. The
1254:
1137:
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1658:
to the County of Luxembourg. The only major setback during their rise in power came in 1288, when
13687:
13113:
11334:
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11187:
11053:
11036:
10979:
10964:
10573:
10488:
9819:
9372:
9208:"La progression de la population du Grand-Duché continue: 537 039 résidants au 1er janvier 2013."
7558:
7554:
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6075:
5564:
5421:
4332:
4308:
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3832:
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2479:
2325:, the country was treated as German territory and informally annexed to the adjacent province of
2290:
2112:
2019:
1576:
1289:
1219:
816:
685:
598:
535:
345:
10081:
10021:
6387:
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Gilbert Trausch, Le Luxembourg, Ă©mergence d'un Ă©tat et d'une nation 2007 p. 93 Edition Schortgen
5892:
4038:; the latter comprised the largest group. In 2013 about 88,000 Luxembourg inhabitants possessed
1803:
120:
13808:
13677:
13510:
12745:
12365:
11567:
11409:
11344:
11207:
11197:
11143:
11063:
10822:
10652:
9696:
9466:
8707:
7238:
6269:
Harmsen, Robert; Högenauer, Anna-Lena (28 February 2020), "Luxembourg and the European Union",
5182:
4885:
4820:
4362:
4198:
4051:
4030:. The immigrant population increased in the 20th century due to the arrival of immigrants from
3867:
3550:
3532:
3383:
3310:
In April 2009, concern about Luxembourg's banking secrecy laws, as well as its reputation as a
2940:
2785:
2636:
2620:
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2491:
2338:
2318:
2156:
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2010:
1927:
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679:
465:
446:
301:
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12333:
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8070:
6278:
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competition, with the exception of 1959. Although Luxembourg was free to participate again in
1720:, but rapidly began to exercise growing influence over other parts of Central Europe as well.
930:
13848:
13247:
13017:
12050:
11913:
11884:
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5154:
4786:
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4669:
4659:
4619:
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Unlike most countries in Europe, sports in Luxembourg are not concentrated upon a particular
4374:
4079:
3626:
3505:
3371:
Luxembourg has especially close trade and financial ties to Belgium and the Netherlands (see
3268:
3222:
2712:
2687:
2632:
2616:
2516:
2467:
2277:
1957:
1454:
1453:
from the 4th century, and was abandoned by Rome in AD 406, after which it became part of the
1337:
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910:
875:
9793:
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13484:
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Judgment of the International Military Tribunal For The Trial of German Major War Criminals
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4583:
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3540:
3057:
3053:
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2342:
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1947:
1848:
1840:
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933:
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12422:
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7837:"Luxembourg tax files: how tiny state rubber-stamped tax avoidance on an industrial scale"
1694:
Golden Age: The House of Luxembourg contending for supremacy in Central Europe (1312â1443)
8:
13773:
13723:
13540:
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12232:
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3331:
2982:
2978:
2716:
2704:
2444:
2440:
2353:
2173:, rather than being part of one of the larger surrounding nations. This consciousness of
2160:
2064:
the great powers decided that Luxembourg would become a member state of the newly formed
2039:
1977:
1877:
1866:
1844:
1836:
1791:
1771:
1713:
1699:
1663:
1619:
1592:
1530:
1485:
1428:
1362:
1301:
11985:
10732:(in French) (Ădition limitĂ©e ed.). Luxembourg City: Service Information et Presse.
10599:
10253:
10135:
7346:
1353:
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11905:
11481:
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11212:
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7330:
6982:"Interdependence, States and Community: Ethical Concerns and Foreign Policy in ASEAN",
4266:
study, 70.4% are Christian, 2.3% Muslim, 26.8% unaffiliated, and 0.5% other religions.
4258:
4098:
3443:
3426:
3376:
3119:
2887:
2789:
2285:
2119:
was taken. This time the territory was reduced by more than half, as the predominantly
2108:
2061:
2053:
1904:
1783:
1687:
1679:
1537:
1526:
1497:
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9770:. Tel2l â Teacher Education by Learning through two languages, University of Navarra.
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8417:"Press Release: New ITU report shows global uptake of ICTs increasing, prices falling"
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3091:, which is the highest point, at 560 meters (1,840 ft). Other mountains are the
3036:
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2990:
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2696:
2692:
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2023:, it had a profound effect on the historical memory of the country and its citizens.
1931:
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1798:
1717:
1643:
1572:
1568:
1557:
1553:
1458:
1432:
1348:
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10536:
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The country has produced some internationally known artists, including the painters
3382:
With $ 171 billion in May 2015, the country ranked 11th in the world in holdings of
3100:
3061:
2572:
legislature of sixty members, who are directly elected to five-year terms from four
1817:
As the House of Luxembourg had become extinct and Luxembourg now became part of the
1461:
language spoken by them is considered by linguists to be a direct forerunner of the
1234:
is the only language for legislation, and all three – Luxembourgish,
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2198:
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up to the Rhine border, thus the area of what is now Luxembourg became part of the
1262:
1199:
1053:
791:
10427:"Consommation annuelle moyenne d'alcool par habitant, Catholic Ministry of Health"
9767:
7466:
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5535:
4203:
3342:. In 2013, Luxembourg was ranked the second safest tax haven in the world, behind
2660:
2321:, "entirely without justification". In contrast to the First World War, under the
2092:. To compensate the Duchy for this loss, it was decided to elevate the Duchy to a
13672:
13322:
13104:
12870:
12097:
12010:
11818:
11697:
11524:
11073:
10871:
10852:
10829:
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8479:"Global Broadband Quality Study Shows Progress, Highlights Broadband Quality Gap"
7499:
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7050:
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4603:
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2728:
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2596:
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2230:
2192:
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1988:
before the Austrian forces holding it surrendered. Luxembourg's long defense led
1821:, this would mark the start of nearly 400 years of foreign rule over Luxembourg.
1807:
1787:
1763:
1728:
1635:
1370:
1235:
1231:
1191:
1154:
918:
319:
314:
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6570:
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3173:
of the mid-Sauer and Attert form the border between the Gutland and the Ăislek.
1507:
1238:
and French – are used for administrative matters in the country.
13520:
13002:
12940:
12765:
12697:
12471:
12192:
12156:
12075:
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11587:
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10544:
9234:. Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford. Archived from
7355:
4737:
4697:
4686:
4591:
4460:
4438:
4128:
4106:
3639:
3458:
3339:
2952:
2757:
2736:
2459:
2436:
2420:
2416:
2369:
2184:
2077:
1862:
1724:
1584:
1369:
The first traces of settlement in what is now Luxembourg are dated back to the
1313:
1305:
1175:
994:
549:
239:
8765:
6952:
5587:
5183:"Europe :: Luxembourg â The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency"
3134:
valley is the lowest-lying region, running along the southeastern border. The
2376:
formally ended in 1948, and in April 1949 it also became a founding member of
1288:
estimates, making it the richest country in the world. The nation's levels of
13767:
13443:
13292:
12981:
12830:
12393:
12109:
11857:
11823:
11657:
11339:
10657:
9612:
9336:
8936:"Invest, Innovate, Export | Luxembourg as a smart location for business"
7364:
6991:
5834:
5436:
4726:
4631:
4578:
4531:
4468:
4434:
4270:
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4047:
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3490:
3462:
3362:
3232:
3186:
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2841:
2781:
2424:
2330:
2169:
2085:
1989:
1740:
1704:
1683:
1655:
1466:
1406:
1374:
1241:
With an area of 2,586 square kilometers (998 sq mi), Luxembourg is
1227:
1223:
982:
958:
570:
436:
431:
351:
339:
277:
264:
11468:
10313:
5753:
3457:
There are 681 cars per 1000 persons in Luxembourgâhigher than most of other
13197:
11862:
11828:
11777:
9879:
9642:
7382:
5805:
The Emperor's Bible". Uppsala University Library. Retrieved 17 October 2020
5669:
4664:
4611:
4179:
3375:), and as a member of the EU it enjoys the advantages of the open European
3158:
2910:
2432:
2385:
2326:
2309:
2305:
2272:, but these attempts lasted only 2 days. In November 1918, a motion in the
1892:
was decided. Under the Treaty, Spain ceded the Luxembourgish fortresses of
1417:
1392:
named the Celtic tribes inhabiting these exact regions collectively as the
1389:
583:
387:
197:
189:
168:
12307:
7710:"A progress report on the jurisdictions surveyed by the OECD Global Forum"
7206:, recueil de statistiques par commune. statistiques.public.lu (2003) p. 20
4430:
3531:
1 Gbit/s coverage of the country by 2020. In 2011, Luxembourg had an
2242:
2080:, the head of state. To satisfy Prussia, it was decided that not only the
13600:
13402:
13382:
13302:
13075:
12925:
12865:
12541:
12262:
11940:
11757:
11692:
7684:"Luxembourg makes progress in OECD standards on tax information exchange"
4247:
4239:
4231:
4219:
3827:
3809:
3719:
3681:
3474:
3343:
3323:
3166:
3141:
The border between Luxembourg and Germany is formed by three rivers: the
3092:
3088:
3013:
2944:
2858:
2772:
Luxembourg has long been a prominent supporter of European political and
2399:
In the 1950s, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the
2222:
2139:). This resulted in the opening of the German market, the development of
2120:
2093:
1981:
1965:
1481:
1409:
1266:
566:
486:
13090:
10771:
Plan d'action national luxembourgeois en matiÚre de TIC et de haut-débit
9544:(in French). Service Information et Presse. pp. 3â4. Archived from
9183:"Population par sexe et par nationalitĂ© (x 1 000) 1981, 1991, 2001â2013"
8681:
7627:
4729:, carrier of major European satellite services for Germany and Britain.
3845:
3417:
2005:(department of forests), and the incorporation of the former Duchy as a
1897:
1825:
Luxembourg under Habsburg rule and repeated French invasions (1444â1794)
1797:
During these 130 years, the House of Luxembourg was contending with the
1544:
in 843, today's Luxembourgish territory became successively part of the
13575:
13570:
13464:
13397:
13337:
13327:
13222:
12895:
12860:
11727:
11687:
11647:
11552:
10801:
7224:
6669:
4639:
4635:
4627:
4615:
4055:
3791:
3486:
3451:
3300:
3296:
3193:
mean score of 1.12/10, ranking it 164th globally out of 172 countries.
3130:, in the east of Luxembourg, has craggy terrain and thick forests. The
2833:
2829:
2569:
2389:
2135:
2127:
1631:
1477:
1421:
1285:
1207:
410:
10886:
8214:"Institut Luxembourgeois de RĂ©gulation â Communications Ă©lectroniques"
8158:"Luxembourg makes history as first country with free public transport"
6904:
3755:
3504:
On 29 February 2020, Luxembourg became the first country to introduce
3361:âthat Luxembourg had turned into a major European center of corporate
2780:(BLEU) to create a regime of inter-exchangeable currency and a common
1006:"Field Listing â Distribution of family income â Gini index"
13560:
13555:
13500:
13342:
12835:
12526:
12247:
12069:
Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.
11890:
11662:
11273:
11112:
10514:
6392:. Information and Press Service of the Government. 2022. p. 22.
5505:
4746:
4722:
4717:
Luxembourg is known in Europe for its radio and television stations (
4599:
4554:
4243:
3737:
3691:
3494:
3470:
3311:
3150:
3135:
3123:
3104:
3041:
3009:
2917:
2898:, oversees army operations. The professional head of the army is the
2463:
2314:
1969:
1748:
1651:
1399:
1253:; foreigners account for nearly half the population. Luxembourg is a
1245:. In 2024, it had a population of 672,050, which makes it one of the
1203:
853:
12607:
11124:
10954:
10455:"Countries with the Highest Density of Michelin-starred Restaurants"
8678:"Why Luxembourg? A highly strategic position in the heart of Europe"
7774:"How one word change lets Amazon pays less tax on its UK activities"
6813:"Mémorial A, 1868, No.25, Constitution du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg"
5500:
5498:
5085:"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income â EU-SILC survey"
3072:
2996:
2804:
Luxembourg is considered a European capital, and is the site of the
2233:
by invading it in order to defeat France. Nevertheless, despite the
2000:
1943:
518:
13824:
Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
13702:
13626:
13595:
13590:
13257:
13252:
13212:
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12750:
12566:
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12551:
12449:
12287:
12282:
12272:
12177:
12082:
12032:
12002:
11923:
11918:
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11742:
11737:
11712:
11572:
11092:
10856:
8013:
7524:
5092:
4674:
4547:
4456:
4035:
3893:
3357:
was hit by media disclosuresâderived from a document leak known as
3304:
3288:
3236:
3115:
3096:
3080:
3049:
3045:
3031:
2825:
2817:
2600:
2448:
2381:
2363:
2253:
2049:
1736:
1732:
1413:
953:
857:
357:
13143:
11977:
8347:. Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade of Luxembourg. August 2008
7043:
4383:
4120:
are used in administrative and judicial matters, making all three
3338:
of the world's major tax havens, scoring only slightly behind the
2451:. Thereafter, the country was elected non-permanent member of the
2392:. Luxembourg troops have also deployed to Afghanistan, to support
2388:. In the early fifties a small contingent of troops fought in the
2280:
was defeated narrowly by 21 votes to 19 (with three abstentions).
2203:
2187:
ceased to hold the title Grand-Duke of Luxembourg. Beginning with
2033:
1563:
The recorded history of Luxembourg begins with the acquisition of
13610:
13605:
13580:
13535:
13515:
13505:
13422:
13417:
13412:
13392:
13372:
13357:
13347:
13312:
13237:
13202:
13182:
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13167:
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12935:
12890:
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12805:
12795:
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12720:
12715:
12556:
12506:
12496:
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12454:
12444:
12439:
12381:
12277:
12227:
12217:
12207:
12202:
12197:
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12167:
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11767:
11717:
11677:
11632:
11627:
11617:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11577:
11562:
11557:
11547:
11542:
11537:
11532:
11258:
10112:"Luxembourg and Greater Region, European Capital of Culture 2007"
8935:
8009:""The miracle of Luxembourg growth has a name, that of frontier""
7562:
5495:
4426:, on account of the historical importance of its fortifications.
4223:
4031:
3989:
3984:
3976:
3971:
3950:
3945:
3937:
3932:
3478:
3372:
3154:
3142:
2672:
2104:
2014:
1615:
1607:
1436:
1394:
1321:
1183:
1179:
708:
423:
8266:"Study on broadband coverage 2011. Retrieved on 25 January 2013"
6670:"D'Koreaner aus dem LĂ«tzebuerger Land (Koreans from Luxembourg)"
2199:
Two German occupations and interwar political crisis (1890â1945)
1484:
missionary saint, who together with other monks established the
13585:
13565:
13550:
13545:
13479:
13474:
13448:
13377:
13352:
13287:
13282:
13272:
13217:
12976:
12966:
12956:
12930:
12920:
12900:
12880:
12875:
12855:
12825:
12785:
12760:
12576:
12546:
12521:
12501:
12491:
12466:
12405:
12363:
12297:
12267:
12242:
12222:
12212:
12187:
11935:
11813:
11787:
11762:
11752:
11732:
11722:
11707:
11702:
11682:
11652:
11622:
11607:
11582:
11516:
8188:"Legilux â RĂ©seaux et services de communications Ă©lectroniques"
7437:
7300:"LUX MUST "REDOUBLE ITS EFFORTS" TO MEET CLIMATE TARGETS: OECD"
5328:"Eurostat â Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table"
4420:
4411:
in Diekirch is especially known for its representations of the
4059:
4002:
3997:
3911:
3906:
3498:
3482:
3466:
3422:
3227:
3170:
3162:
3084:
2840:
members who are part of the European Single Market through the
2333:. This time, Luxembourg did not remain neutral as Luxembourg's
1893:
1712:
With the ascension of Henry VII as Emperor, the dynasty of the
1639:
1623:
1450:
1187:
926:
233:
13784:
Countries and territories where German is an official language
10863:
Luxembourg's Constitution of 1868 with Amendments through 2009
8847:"Luxembourg's politicians pin economic hopes on fintech drive"
7955:. U.S. Treasury International Capital (TIC) reporting system.
5645:
5643:
5536:"European Union | Definition, Purpose, History, & Members"
4140:, 16% French, 2% German and 13.6% different languages (mostly
2824:
is located in Luxembourg, but the Parliament usually meets in
2415:. In 1993, the former two of these were incorporated into the
2341:, sending a small group of volunteers who participated in the
13469:
13367:
13362:
13297:
13277:
13262:
13187:
12971:
12915:
12845:
12820:
12571:
12536:
12516:
12292:
12257:
12237:
12037:
11747:
11672:
11642:
10082:"Luxembourg to return to the Eurovision Song Contest in 2024"
7615:
7217:"2012 EPI :: Rankings â Environmental Performance Index"
6426:"GĂ«lle Fra â a Hallmark of Society and Luxembourgish History"
4251:
4015:
4010:
3963:
3958:
3924:
3919:
3773:
3349:
In early November 2014, just days after becoming head of the
3292:
3146:
3108:
2902:, who answers to the minister and holds the rank of general.
1775:
1627:
1603:
1508:
Emergence and expansion of the County of Luxemburg (963â1312)
1382:
1378:
1071:
9880:"Home | John E. Dolibois European Center | Miami University"
5574:
BBC News Online, 9 September 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2006.
4417:
Historic city of Luxembourg city including its fortification
3083:. It is dominated by hills and low mountains, including the
2878:
in Diekirch. The general staff is based in the capital, the
1226:, a Germanic language, is the only national language of the
1077:
534:âą Independence in personal Union with the Netherlands (
13407:
13332:
13307:
13232:
11928:
9748:
Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005
9670:(in French). Service central de législation. Archived from
9321:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. pp. 367â390.
9217:
Statnews 16/2013, op statec.lu, 18 April 2013. (in French).
6540:"The invasion of Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg".
5640:
3508:, which is almost completely funded by public expenditure.
2936:
2933:
2925:
2837:
2798:
2603:), two district tribunals (Luxembourg and Diekirch), and a
2428:
2393:
2384:, Luxembourg continued its involvements on the side of the
2377:
1937:
1739:
in medieval times. He is also known for having founded the
1420:
for the next 450 years, living in relative peace under the
1405:
In around 58 to 51 BC, the Romans invaded the country when
1317:
1222:
are greatly influenced by France and Germany; for example,
849:
13028:
10726:
Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848
10022:"Vol. 5 Luxembourgers in the United States: Loretta Young"
8904:"Luxembourg as a Centre for Online and ICT Business (pdf)"
8295:
5736:
Histoire du Luxembourg: le destin européen d'un petit pays
3393:
shared its tax revenues with the local authorities on the
2969:
Luxembourg is one of Europe's smallest countries, ranking
2870:
The Luxembourgish army is mostly based in its casern, the
1708:
Historic map (undated) of Luxembourg City's fortifications
1674:
The ascension of the Counts of Luxembourg culminated when
9725:. Features.pewforum.org. 18 December 2012. Archived from
8540:
8514:
6349:"The First World War: German Occupation and State Crisis"
5897:. Information and Press Service of the Government. 2022.
5506:"City of Luxembourg: its Old Quarters and Fortifications"
3435:
3315:
2905:
Being landlocked, Luxembourg has no navy. Seventeen NATO
2096:, thus giving the Dutch monarchs the additional title of
1731:. He remains a major figure in Luxembourgish history and
1465:, which later evolved into, among others, the modern-day
1281:
1080:
1062:
990:
970:
914:
11511:
9571:"Lëtzebuergesch gëtt ëmmer méi aus dem Alldag verdrÀngt"
9428:
9426:
8566:
8318:"Eurohub Luxembourg â putting Europe at your fingertips"
7328:
6753:"Democracy Index 2016 - The Economist Intelligence Unit"
5160:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
3107:. The region is sparsely populated, with only one town (
1727:, in addition to being Count of Luxembourg, also became
1599:(which was still a state within the Holy Roman Empire).
1276:
with an advanced economy and one of the world's highest
30:
This article is about the country. For its capital, see
12151:
7064:
4626:, which has a capacity of 8,300. The arena is used for
3111:) with a population of more than five thousand people.
2107:
became an independent country following the victorious
2030:
which was introduced in 1804 and is still valid today.
1210:) and the seat of several EU institutions, notably the
10480:
10254:"Stade de Luxembourg (Stade National) â StadiumDB.com"
9910:"World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe"
6874:. Service central de législation. 2005. Archived from
4952:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
2932:, and has participated with a small contingent in the
2862:
Luxembourgish soldiers on parade during National Day,
10160:"Luxembourg pavilion at the World Expo 2010 Shanghai"
9423:
8292:"Household Download Index. Retrieved on 9 April 2013"
6465:
6463:
6453:
6451:
6076:"Dark Luxembourg: The French massacre of Differdange"
5051:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition"
4319:
is the only university based in Luxembourg. In 2014,
3114:
The southern two-thirds of the country is called the
2133:
In 1842, Luxembourg joined the German Customs Union (
1098:
1068:
1065:
10802:
The Official Portal of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
10192:"Luxembourg pavilion displays green heart of Europe"
9577:(in Luxembourgish). 25 February 2021. Archived from
9070:"New data center study: Luxembourg in pole position"
7743:"Kim Jong-il $ 4bn emergency fund in European banks"
6696:"ISAF (International Security and Assistance Force)"
6546:. London: HM Stationery Office. 1951. Archived from
6486:
6484:
6137:
6135:
6125:
6123:
6052:
6050:
5691:
Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 1988 (2013)p. 16
4768:
4494:. It has won the competition a total of five times,
1869:, invaded Luxembourg twice, but the Habsburgs under
1735:
and is considered by many historians the epitome of
1595:", and with it effectively creating the independent
1361:, an important surviving codex, was produced in the
1074:
1059:
10136:"Environmental Report for Expo 2010 Shanghai China"
9689:
8443:"Luxembourg ranks on the top in the ITU ICT survey"
7322:
6722:"The Steel Industry That Made Luxembourg's Fortune"
6311:
An Age of Neutrals: Great Power Politics, 1815â1914
5390:"Country comparison :: POPULATION growth rate"
4490:, it chose not to return to the competition before
3454:lines in adjacent areas within the next few years.
3126:formation, and the site of the city of Luxembourg.
2323:
German occupation of Luxembourg during World War II
2217:
German occupation of Luxembourg during World War II
1556:(959â1059), which itself had become a state of the
1373:, about 35,000 years ago. From the 2nd century BC,
1056:
195:
57:
10052:"đ±đș No Eurovision return for Luxembourg in 2021"
9794:"Parlement europĂ©en â LĂ«tzebuergesch lĂ©ieren (FR)"
9311:
9287:"Parlement europĂ©en â LĂ«tzebuergesch lĂ©ieren (FR)"
8845:
7804:"Embargo 4 October 0.01 AM Central European Times"
6460:
6448:
5284:"Loi du 24 février 1984 sur le régime des langues"
3438:link to Paris has led to renovation of the city's
3267:, and fourth in the Economist Intelligence Unit's
3071:The northern third of the country is known as the
2308:, Luxembourg's neutrality was violated again when
2213:German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I
2126:(but also the then Luxembourgish-speaking part of
1654:) had either been incorporated directly or become
1525:, the 14th-century Holy Roman Emperor and King of
1196:the four institutional seats of the European Union
1190:to the south. Its capital and most populous city,
10371:"The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: A Culinary Story"
9970:"Overview of the Healthcare System in Luxembourg"
9699:. Central Intelligence Agency. 19 December 2006.
9096:"Soluxions magazine: Luxembourg en pole position"
8788:"Ancotel â Telecommunication Operator References"
6481:
6177:Michel Pauly Die Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p. 68
6132:
6120:
6047:
5565:Timeline: Luxembourg â A chronology of key events
4878:
4463:, whose publications crystallized the concept of
3446:was opened in 2008. Luxembourg City reintroduced
3122:, in south-central Luxembourg, is a large, flat,
1790:in 1364, and with it, the territories of the new
1265:, making it the world's only remaining sovereign
13844:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union
13839:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the European Union
13829:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
13765:
8620:"ICT And E-Business â Be Global from Luxembourg"
8341:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
8323:. Archived from the original on 19 November 2008
7200:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
6268:
5938:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.33-34
3874:, is located in the south-center of the country.
2816:, the Statistical Office of the European Union (
2368:The Grand Duchy became a founding member of the
2364:Integration into NATO and European Union (1945â)
2060:now claimed possession of the territory. At the
1042:Interactive map showing the border of Luxembourg
993:domain is also used, as it is shared with other
9768:"The Trilingual Education system in Luxembourg"
9434:"What languages do people speak in Luxembourg?"
8384:"Financial express special issue on Luxembourg"
2372:in 1945. Luxembourg's neutral status under the
2207:Frontier with Alsace-Lorraine from 1871 to 1918
2034:National awakening and independence (1815â1890)
1999:Luxembourg was annexed by France, becoming the
1839:inherited all of what became then known as the
1504:were also produced in Echternach at this time.
13145:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
9741:
9157:"Luxembourg Presidency â Being a Luxembourger"
7927:"Major foreign holders of treasury securities"
6986:, Routledge, 23 March 2016, pp. 151â164,
6629:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.102
6035:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p. 44
6017:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p. 41
5929:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p. 28
5873:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p. 26
5796:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p. 23
5729:
5727:
5218:Centre virtuel de la connaissance sur l'Europe
4978:"Une croissance démographique réduite en 2023"
4650:is a Luxembourgish women's road cycling team.
3330:in April 2012. Luxembourg ranked third on the
3068:, to the west and to the north, respectively.
1972:, as well as the destruction of the abbeys of
13652:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique
13129:
13044:
12623:
12349:
12137:
11497:
11473:
11017:Orders, decorations, and medals of Luxembourg
10902:
10572:. Eu2005.lu. 29 December 2004. Archived from
10401:"World/Global Alcohol/Drink Consumption 2009"
10004:MinistĂšre des Affaires EtrangĂšres, Luxembourg
8652:"PricewaterhouseCoopers Invest in Luxembourg"
6490:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.85
6478:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.84
6377:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.83
6329:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.75
6225:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from
6159:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.67
6141:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.65
6065:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.58
6056:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.57
6044:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.53
5956:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.37
5947:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.35
5682:Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p. 9
5153:
4644:2007 Women's European Volleyball Championship
4474:Luxembourg was a founding participant of the
4188:Luxembourgish § Endangered status claims
3450:in December 2017 and there are plans to open
2955:and providing emergency supplies to Albania.
2776:. In 1921, Luxembourg and Belgium formed the
2538:The grand duke has the power to dissolve the
1488:in AD 698, and is celebrated annually in the
610:2,586.4 km (998.6 sq mi) (
230:Location of Luxembourg (dark green)
11863:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark
9467:"D'LĂ«tzebuergescht, bald eng langue morte?!"
8294:. Netindex.com. 6 April 2011. Archived from
7622:. World Intellectual Property Organization.
7407:. Stadtklima (Urban Climate). Archived from
7239:"What is the greenest country in the world?"
7182:. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007
5618:"Asselborn's final Security Council meeting"
5354:"La démographie luxembourgeoise en chiffres"
4696:Luxembourg has the second highest number of
4290:is the only university based in the country.
1296:are ranked among the highest in Europe. The
91:
74:
13693:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie
9498:"Informations statistiques récentes STATEC"
9226:
9201:
8617:
7087:
6929:. Luxembourg.public.lu. 20 September 2020.
6843:"Constitution du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg"
6601:"The Second World War: the Toughest Ordeal"
5724:
5245:"Luxembourg | national capital, Luxembourg"
5045:
5043:
5041:
5039:
4455:register, and is now permanently housed in
4050:, Luxembourg has seen many immigrants from
3429:, the country's only international airport.
3020:To the east, Luxembourg borders the German
2610:
2301:, thus securing Luxembourg's independence.
13854:States and territories established in 1815
13647:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie
13136:
13122:
13051:
13037:
12630:
12616:
12356:
12342:
12144:
12130:
11504:
11490:
10909:
10895:
8992:"LuxConnect ICT campus Bettembourg DC 1.1"
8486:Said Business School, University of Oxford
8131:"List of countries by vehicles per capita"
7619:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition
7493:World Economic Outlook Database-April 2012
4693:consumption of the Luxembourg population.
4541:Luxembourg was the first city to be named
4467:, was born in Luxembourg City. Movie star
4409:National Museum of Military History (MNHM)
4298:The University of Luxembourg campus Belval
3034:, and to the south, it borders the French
2943:. Luxembourg troops have also deployed to
2485:
2403:, following the 1952 establishment of the
2195:, thus reaffirming its full independence.
1873:managed to reconquer the Duchy each time.
223:
13799:French-speaking countries and territories
12688:Commission against Racism and Intolerance
10622:"Luxembourgish Film Production Companies"
10230:. Council of Europe. 2003. Archived from
9461:
9459:
9018:"LuxConnect ICT campus Bissen/Roost DC 2"
8414:
7859:
7809:. Financial Secrecy Index. Archived from
7771:
7372:
7354:
7015:"The European institutions in Luxembourg"
5314:Constitution du Grand Duché de Luxembourg
2423:(one of the founding fathers of the EU),
1921:Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
1540:was divided many times starting with the
1431:. Evidence from that period includes the
1377:settled in the region between the rivers
1298:historic city including its fortification
801:
12683:Commission for the Efficiency of Justice
12085:which has sovereignty over Vatican City.
10648:"Oscars 2014 Winners: The Complete List"
9796:. Europarl.europa.eu. 14 December 2000.
9289:. Europarl.europa.eu. 14 December 2000.
9098:. Soluxions-magazine.com. Archived from
8593:"ICT Business Environment in Luxembourg"
8101:"Trams return to Luxembourg city centre"
7467:"Statistics Portal // Luxembourg â Home"
6271:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
5819:(in German). MĂŒnchen: Verlag C.H. Beck.
5649:
5036:
4948:"Surface water and surface water change"
4853:[ËÉĄÊoËsËhÉÊtsoËktuËmËlÊksmÌ©bÊÊk]
4753:
4663:
4577:
4553:Luxembourg was represented at the World
4382:
4293:
4281:
4202:
4127:
3861:
3549:
3416:
3226:
2995:
2857:
2756:
2544:
2499:
2256:became louder. After the retreat of the
2202:
1938:Luxembourg under French rule (1794â1815)
1747:in 1346. John the Blind is considered a
1743:in 1340 and for his heroic death at the
1703:
1517:
1352:
932:with a +0:35:24 offset (+1:35:24 during
909:Note: Although Luxembourg is located in
642:
13657:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie
10916:
8764:(in German). Ancotel.de. Archived from
6279:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1041
5733:
5320:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5077:
4821:[ËÉĄÊÉÊÌŻsËhÉÏtsoËÏtumËlÉtsÉbuÉÉ]
4451:exhibition has been placed on UNESCO's
4304:List of secondary schools in Luxembourg
3495:British overseas territory of Gibraltar
3413:History of rail transport in Luxembourg
2872:Centre militaire Caserne Grand-Duc Jean
2407:, and subsequent 1958 creations of the
1666:while trying unsuccessfully to add the
14:
13766:
10722:
10710:
10687:
10491:from the original on 29 September 2008
10368:
9495:
9456:
9396:
9261:"Origins of Luxembourgish (in French)"
8547:from the original on 30 September 2013
8155:
7834:
7097:. Aeroflight.co.uk. 8 September 2005.
6933:from the original on 25 September 2023
5989:"At the Helm of the Holy Roman Empire"
5418:
5294:from the original on 18 September 2023
5065:from the original on 14 September 2024
4802:
4574:Luxembourgish Sportspeople of the Year
4482:and before it was relegated after the
4478:, and participated every year between
2975:194 independent countries of the world
2822:Secretariat of the European Parliament
2806:Court of Justice of the European Union
2763:Court of Justice of the European Union
2627:Administrative divisions of Luxembourg
2587:Luxembourg has three lower tribunals (
2527:. Executive power is exercised by the
1770:. Charles IV created the long-lasting
1579:, in 963 through an exchange act with
1230:and of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg,
1212:Court of Justice of the European Union
13117:
13032:
12637:
12611:
12337:
12125:
11485:
11472:
10890:
10324:from the original on 11 December 2023
9950:from the original on 10 December 2019
9346:from the original on 24 February 2023
9293:from the original on 25 December 2014
9267:from the original on 21 February 2011
9163:from the original on 30 December 2016
9046:. Uptimeinstitute.com. Archived from
8946:from the original on 23 December 2019
8909:. SMediacom.public.lu. Archived from
8858:from the original on 10 December 2022
8595:. Luxembourgforict.lu. Archived from
8364:from the original on 19 December 2019
8168:from the original on 31 December 2020
8081:from the original on 20 December 2022
8021:from the original on 14 November 2021
7989:from the original on 30 November 2018
7740:
7590:. Economist Intelligence Unit. 2005.
7329:Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020).
7310:from the original on 19 November 2020
7249:from the original on 27 November 2020
7157:from the original on 3 September 2018
6823:from the original on 27 November 2023
6793:from the original on 19 December 2023
6763:from the original on 11 November 2019
6750:
6264:
6262:
5814:
5582:
5580:
5512:. UNESCO, World Heritage Convention.
5483:from the original on 8 September 2022
5255:from the original on 17 November 2020
4920:. European Commission. Archived from
4908:
4851:
4828:
4819:
3884:Largest groups of immigrants (2024):
3605:Largest cities or towns in Luxembourg
3353:, Luxembourg's former Prime Minister
3048:). The Grand Duchy borders Belgium's
2836:, which is responsible for the three
2635:, which are further divided into 100
1984:. However the Fortress of Luxembourg
1446:The territory was infiltrated by the
1328:for the first time in 2013 and 2014.
1153:
1136:
1113:
453:parliamentary constitutional monarchy
10381:from the original on 28 January 2024
10369:Pokrud, Kathleen (2 February 2022).
10264:from the original on 10 October 2021
9980:from the original on 8 December 2017
9890:from the original on 12 January 2017
9830:from the original on 23 January 2019
9641:(in French). wort.lu. Archived from
9619:from the original on 16 October 2021
9477:from the original on 16 October 2021
9399:"Informations statistiques récentes"
8521:from the original on 7 December 2006
8242:. Mediacom.public.lu. Archived from
8137:from the original on 4 December 2022
7959:from the original on 11 January 2011
7933:from the original on 3 February 2011
7847:from the original on 26 October 2015
7644:from the original on 22 October 2023
7531:from the original on 20 January 2015
7491:Data refer mostly to the year 2011.
7025:from the original on 19 January 2021
6732:from the original on 24 January 2024
6676:from the original on 24 January 2024
6611:from the original on 24 January 2024
6436:from the original on 24 January 2024
6406:from the original on 24 January 2024
6359:from the original on 24 January 2024
6313:. Cambridge University Press (2014)
5999:from the original on 24 January 2024
5967:Luxemburg in Mittelalter und Neuzeit
5911:from the original on 24 January 2024
5855:from the original on 24 January 2024
5778:from the original on 26 January 2021
5516:from the original on 26 January 2020
5474:United Nations Development Programme
5467:"Human Development Report 2021/2022"
5267:
5126:United Nations Development Programme
5119:"Human Development Report 2023/2024"
4405:Grand Duke Jean Museum of Modern Art
4026:The people of Luxembourg are called
3866:Population density in Luxembourg by
3243:Luxembourg's stable and high-income
3066:German-speaking Community of Belgium
2746:
2653:Partitions and Cantons of Luxembourg
2349:formed inside the occupied country.
2260:, communists in Luxembourg City and
13834:Member states of the United Nations
13819:Member states of the European Union
10692:(in French) (3rd ed.). Paris:
10537:"SES SA - Company Profile and News"
10461:from the original on 10 August 2022
10294:from the original on 1 October 2023
10062:from the original on 23 August 2020
9703:from the original on 9 January 2021
9072:. Ict.luxembourg.lu. Archived from
8880:. Ict.luxembourg.lu. Archived from
8573:from the original on 5 October 2013
8190:. Legilux.public.lu. Archived from
7929:. U.S. Department of the Treasury.
7867:"Agricultural census in Luxembourg"
7784:from the original on 12 August 2016
7686:. OECD. 8 July 2009. Archived from
7447:from the original on 30 August 2012
7297:
6568:
6508:
6247:Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 1997
6108:from the original on 6 October 2021
6082:from the original on 6 October 2021
5546:from the original on 9 October 2023
5459:
5193:from the original on 9 January 2021
5099:from the original on 9 October 2020
4896:from the original on 9 January 2021
3558:on the Cloche d'or, in the city of
3421:Luxembourg's international airline
3283:. Services, especially banking and
3103:at 554 meters (1,818 ft) near
3095:at 559 meters (1,834 ft) near
2916:Luxembourg has participated in the
2564:Legislative power is vested in the
1880:in 1556, and when France and Spain
1662:and his three brothers died at the
1591:, was the first to call himself a "
1247:least-populated countries in Europe
24:
13859:States of the German Confederation
10763:
10628:from the original on 30 March 2012
10201:. 12 November 2007. Archived from
10148:from the original on 21 July 2011.
10032:from the original on 15 April 2021
10010:from the original on 22 July 2011.
9940:"Health Expenditure and Financing"
9860:from the original on 25 April 2023
9189:from the original on 29 March 2022
8878:"European Datacentres: Luxembourg"
8704:"ITU-T ICT Statistics: Luxembourg"
8156:Calder, Simon (29 February 2020).
8111:from the original on 27 April 2021
8051:from the original on 29 April 2021
7597:from the original on 2 August 2012
7473:from the original on 23 March 2015
7431:"The Global Innovation Index 2012"
7075:from the original on 10 March 2011
6650:from the original on 14 April 2021
6389:About... The History of Luxembourg
6259:
5894:About... The History of Luxembourg
5712:from the original on 21 April 2021
5624:. 19 December 2014. Archived from
5577:
5558:
5437:"Country Ranking - Rainbow Europe"
5334:from the original on 18 April 2009
5135:from the original on 13 March 2024
5024:from the original on 16 April 2023
4994:from the original on 18 April 2024
4958:from the original on 24 March 2021
4673:, served with boiled potatoes and
4397:National Museum of History and Art
2794:the Luxembourg village of Schengen
2293:5 days later. The same year, in a
2009:into France was formalised at the
1441:National Museum of History and Art
1214:, the highest judicial authority.
236: (green & dark gray)
25:
13870:
13018:Serbia and Montenegro (2003â2006)
11254:BelgiumâLuxembourg Economic Union
10795:
10664:from the original on 24 July 2021
10550:from the original on 10 June 2021
9774:from the original on 26 June 2015
9444:from the original on 21 June 2021
8632:from the original on 21 July 2011
7877:from the original on 25 June 2019
7835:Bowers, Simon (5 November 2014).
7715:. OECD. July 2009. Archived from
6963:from the original on 5 March 2021
6901:"Structure of the Conseil d'Etat"
6521:from the original on 3 March 2021
5652:Early Christian and Byzantine art
5598:from the original on 5 March 2021
4725:). It is also the uplink home of
3511:
3275:in 2023, down from 18th in 2020.
2832:. Luxembourg is also site of the
2820:) and other vital EU organs. The
2778:BelgiumâLuxembourg Economic Union
2405:European Coal and Steel Community
2058:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
1890:the first partition of Luxembourg
1243:Europe's seventh-smallest country
13742:
13741:
13243:Democratic Republic of the Congo
13089:
12421:
12306:
12103:
12092:
12091:
11786:
10876:
10749:from the original on 9 July 2006
10694:Presses Universitaires de France
10640:
10614:
10598:. En.filmfund.lu. Archived from
10588:
10562:
10529:
10503:
10473:
10447:
10419:
10407:from the original on 12 May 2015
10393:
10362:
10336:
10306:
10276:
10246:
10220:
10184:
10152:
10128:
10104:
10092:from the original on 14 May 2023
10074:
10044:
10014:
9992:
9962:
9932:
9902:
9872:
9842:
9812:
9800:from the original on 11 May 2011
9786:
9760:
9715:
9657:
9631:
9593:
9563:
9531:
9522:
9489:
9390:
9371:. 6 January 2016. Archived from
9358:
9305:
9279:
9263:. Migration Information Source.
9253:
9220:
9175:
9149:
9114:
9088:
9062:
9036:
9010:
8984:
8958:
8928:
8896:
8870:
8838:
8806:
8780:
8754:
8722:
8696:
8670:
8644:
8611:
8585:
8559:
8533:
8507:
8471:
8457:"Global Broadband Quality Study"
8449:
8435:
8408:
8376:
8350:
8310:
8284:
8272:from the original on 10 May 2013
8258:
8232:
8206:
8180:
8149:
8133:. appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu.
8123:
8093:
8063:
8033:
8001:
7971:
7945:
7919:
7907:from the original on 10 May 2021
7897:"Gateway to the European market"
7889:
7828:
7796:
7765:
7753:from the original on 22 May 2018
7734:
7702:
7676:
7609:
7577:
7551:"2011 Index of Economic Freedom"
7543:
7509:
7485:
7459:
7423:
7397:
7291:
7261:
7231:
7209:
7169:
7139:
7113:
7101:from the original on 29 May 2015
7056:
6903:. Conseil d'Etat. Archived from
6581:from the original on 2 June 2019
6203:from the original on 10 May 2013
5447:from the original on 21 May 2019
4771:
4009:
3996:
3983:
3970:
3957:
3944:
3931:
3918:
3905:
3892:
3685:
3675:
3648:
3638:
3588:
3518:Telecommunications in Luxembourg
3442:and a new passenger terminal at
3235:, the EU single market, and the
3191:Forest Landscape Integrity Index
2920:, has contributed troops to the
2784:. Luxembourg is a member of the
2680:
2659:
2557:, the official residence of the
2413:European Atomic Energy Community
2181:We want to remain what we are ")
1915:cause during the prelude to the
1577:Siegfried, Count of the Ardennes
1490:dancing procession of Echternach
1342:
1052:
1000:
921:(UTC+0:24:36) was abandoned and
826:
825:
800:
778:
777:
759:
758:
726:
725:
703:
702:
641:
205:
176:
133:
119:
34:. For the Belgian province, see
10513:. Tns-ilres.com. Archived from
9850:"Higher Education Institutions"
9366:"Europeans and their Languages"
9185:. Le portail des Statistiques.
9159:. Eu2005.lu. 29 December 2004.
9020:. Luxconnect.lu. Archived from
8994:. Luxconnect.lu. Archived from
8423:from the original on 2 May 2010
8216:. Ilr.public.lu. Archived from
8017:(in French). 17 February 2021.
7979:"Luxembourg National Debt 2019"
7772:Griffiths, Ian (4 April 2012).
7741:Arlow, Oliver (14 March 2010).
7585:"World Life Quality Index 2005"
7037:
7007:
6975:
6945:
6919:
6893:
6861:
6835:
6805:
6775:
6744:
6714:
6698:. 24 April 2023. Archived from
6688:
6662:
6632:
6623:
6593:
6562:
6558:– via The Nizkor Project.
6533:
6502:
6493:
6472:
6418:
6380:
6371:
6341:
6332:
6323:
6303:
6294:
6250:
6241:
6215:
6189:
6180:
6171:
6162:
6153:
6144:
6094:
6068:
6059:
6038:
6029:
6020:
6011:
5981:
5972:
5959:
5950:
5941:
5932:
5923:
5885:
5876:
5867:
5841:
5808:
5799:
5790:
5760:
5738:(in French). Toulouse: Privat.
5694:
5685:
5676:
5610:
5528:
5429:
5412:
5382:
5346:
5306:
5237:
5205:
5175:
5020:(in French). 10 February 2023.
4809:
3577:
3506:no-charge public transportation
3183:Environmental Performance Index
2753:Foreign relations of Luxembourg
2453:United Nations Security Council
2304:In 1940, after the outbreak of
2109:Belgian Revolution of 1830â1831
1909:France invaded Luxembourg again
1326:United Nations Security Council
670:255/km (660.4/sq mi) (
159:"We want to remain what we are"
59:Groussherzogtum LĂ«tzebuerg
13683:International Francophonie Day
10680:
8415:pressinfo (23 February 2010).
8389:. 23 June 2009. Archived from
7062:
5706:-: MosaĂŻque de Vichten, -: - -
5654:. Penguin Books. p. 122.
5147:
5111:
5006:
4970:
4940:
4471:was of Luxembourgish descent.
4401:Luxembourg City History Museum
4379:National symbols of Luxembourg
4173:community of Portuguese origin
4112:In addition to Luxembourgish,
4034:, France, Italy, Germany, and
3481:, and other small states like
3176:
3064:, part of which comprises the
2639:. Twelve of the communes have
2631:Luxembourg is divided into 12
2515:Luxembourg is described as a "
2443:(all former Presidents of the
2427:(considered the father of the
2337:based in London supported the
2090:Second Partition of Luxembourg
1876:Luxembourg became part of the
1610:. By the time of the reign of
1251:highest population growth rate
13:
1:
12678:Commissioner for Human Rights
12047:country of the United Kingdom
10882:Wikimedia Atlas of Luxembourg
10782:Art and Culture in Luxembourg
9697:"World Factbook â Luxembourg"
8680:. teralink.lu. Archived from
8105:International Railway Journal
7123:. 2 July 2010. Archived from
6953:"Luxembourg - Communications"
5330:. Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu.
5163:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
4830:[ÉĄÊÉÌdyÊedÉlyksÉÌbuÊ]
4797:
4642:, including the final of the
4321:Luxembourg School of Business
4309:Luxembourg's education system
4086:Loi sur le régime des langues
4076:Multilingualism in Luxembourg
3263:, 26th in the United Nations
3153:. Other major rivers are the
2248:After the war, Grand-Duchess
2191:, the Grand-Duchy would have
2176:Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn
2117:Third Partition of Luxembourg
1917:War of the Spanish Succession
1847:, before going back again to
1794:reached its greatest extent.
1552:(855â959) and finally of the
936:) from Luxembourg City's LMT.
929:was adopted as standard time,
917:(Z) zone, since 1 June 1904,
155:Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn
12366:European Economic Area (EEA)
10716:Luxemburg and Her Neighbours
10570:"Luxembourg, a film country"
8966:"ebrc Datacenter Facilities"
8790:. Ancotel.de. Archived from
8041:"Longueur du réseau routier"
7506:. Accessed on 18 April 2012.
7223:. 5 May 2012. Archived from
7053:, Retrieved 3 February 2023.
6984:The Ethics of Foreign Policy
6869:"Constitution of Luxembourg"
6499:Dostert et al. (2002), p. 21
5014:"Ăvolution de la population"
4987:(in French). 18 April 2024.
4871:
4277:
3878:
3400:
3251:. In 2011, according to the
3052:, in particular the Belgian
2958:
2145:Luxembourg's railway network
2070:William I of the Netherlands
1986:resisted for nearly 7 months
1642:, and in 1264 the competing
637:âą January 2024 estimate
94:GroĂherzogtum Luxemburg
7:
13439:French Community of Belgium
13058:
11118:Valley of the Seven Castles
10840:Central Intelligence Agency
10718:. New York: G. P. Putnam's.
10688:Kreins, Jean-Marie (2003).
10117:. June 2008. Archived from
9044:"Uptime Tier Certification"
8618:Tom Kettels (15 May 2009).
7504:International Monetary Fund
6273:, Oxford University Press,
5363:(in French). Archived from
5361:Le Portail des Statistiques
5059:International Monetary Fund
4890:Central Intelligence Agency
4764:
4543:European Capital of Culture
4357:According to data from the
4192:
4065:
4046:Since the beginning of the
3524:telecommunications industry
2847:
2474:, with the founding of the
2409:European Economic Community
2141:Luxembourg's steel industry
2124:western part of the country
1764:King of Hungary and Croatia
1716:not only began to rule the
1502:Golden Gospels of Henry III
1016:Central Intelligence Agency
582:âą Liberation from the
40:Luxembourg (disambiguation)
10:
13875:
13003:Czechoslovakia (1991â1992)
12587:
12317:
11895:British Overseas Territory
11513:Countries and dependencies
10865:, English Translation 2012
9974:Health Management EuroStat
9665:"MĂ©morial A, 1979, No. 29"
8358:"Why Luxembourg? â AMCHAM"
8071:"About Luxembourg Airport"
7469:. Statistiques.public.lu.
7356:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3
4817:Groussherzogtum LĂ«tzebuerg
4757:
4657:
4653:
4571:
4565:
4514:and hosted the contest in
4390:, photographer and painter
4372:
4368:
4346:
4301:
4196:
4185:
4069:
3674:
3637:
3596:
3584:Demographics of Luxembourg
3581:
3515:
3410:
3404:
3231:Luxembourg is part of the
3220:
3216:
3196:
2962:
2851:
2810:European Court of Auditors
2750:
2624:
2614:
2533:Constitution of Luxembourg
2489:
2210:
2115:where the decision of the
2037:
1994:the Gibraltar of the North
1954:War of the First Coalition
1941:
1828:
1697:
1581:St. Maximin's Abbey, Trier
1511:
1494:Codex Aureus of Echternach
1463:Moselle Franconian dialect
1359:Codex Aureus of Echternach
1346:
1335:
1331:
1302:UNESCO World Heritage Site
554:Kingdom of the Netherlands
29:
13737:
13716:
13665:
13639:
13619:
13493:
13457:
13432:National/regional members
13431:
13160:
13151:
13098:
13087:
13066:
12995:
12949:
12706:
12645:
12585:
12430:
12419:
12372:
12315:
12304:
12163:
12064:
12020:
11995:
11970:
11957:
11904:
11880:
11873:
11850:
11837:
11795:
11784:
11523:
11479:
11474:Links to related articles
11437:
11363:
11315:
11306:
11244:
11235:
11151:
11142:
11044:
11035:
10925:
10723:Thewes, Guy (July 2003).
10141:. June 2009. p. 85.
9639:"D'Wort article (German)"
8968:. Ebrc.lu. Archived from
8706:. Itu.int. Archived from
8654:. Pwc.com. Archived from
7177:"Mountains in Luxembourg"
7121:"Luxembourg Army History"
5969:. Editions Bourg-Bourger.
5734:Trausch, Gilbert (2003).
5018:Statistiques - Luxembourg
4826:Grand-Duché de Luxembourg
4561:
4558:"Green Heart in Europe".
4359:World Health Organization
4342:
3261:Index of Economic Freedom
2886:, with the grand duke as
2801:, pro-US foreign policy.
2605:Superior Court of Justice
2468:a global financial center
2278:abolition of the monarchy
2189:Adolph of Nassau-Weilburg
1962:French Revolutionary Army
1849:Austrian rule (1714â1794)
1546:Kingdom of Middle Francia
1168:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
976:
964:
952:
940:
906:
882:
864:
845:
815:
790:
771:
752:
738:
719:
696:
678:
664:
654:
635:
628:
618:
604:
597:
593:
580:
565:âą Occupation during
563:
546:
532:
523:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
515:
511:
506:
496:
492:
477:
462:
458:
445:
422:
373:
369:
328:
306:Administrative languages:
293:
249:
222:
196:
163:
149:
115:
76:Grand-Duché de Luxembourg
51:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
49:
27:Country in Western Europe
18:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
13228:Central African Republic
11049:Administrative divisions
10344:"A history of migration"
10314:"2023 Hess Cycling Team"
9854:www.luxembourg.public.lu
6992:10.4324/9781315616179-19
6927:"Luxembourg's territory"
6783:"Government Composition"
6751:solutions, EIU digital.
6300:Kreins (2003), pp. 80â81
6197:"LUXEMBURG Geschiedenis"
5588:"Independent Luxembourg"
4792:Disability in Luxembourg
4703:
4353:Healthcare in Luxembourg
4329:Dolibois European Center
4317:University of Luxembourg
4288:University of Luxembourg
4122:administrative languages
3384:U.S. Treasury securities
3271:. It ranked 21st in the
3079:, and forms part of the
2814:European Investment Bank
2668:partitions of Luxembourg
2611:Administrative divisions
2559:Grand Duke of Luxembourg
2476:University of Luxembourg
2270:ones emerging in Germany
2266:soviet worker's republic
2098:Grand-Duke of Luxembourg
1845:Spanish rule (1556â1714)
1429:Gallo-Roman civilization
1388:Six centuries later the
1255:representative democracy
13688:Jeux de la Francophonie
13013:Saar (assoc. 1950â1956)
12663:Parliamentary Assembly
12658:Committee of Ministers
12051:British-Irish Agreement
10980:Second Treaty of London
10870:16 October 2014 at the
9213:13 January 2017 at the
7559:The Wall Street Journal
7555:The Heritage Foundation
7517:"GDP per capita in PPS"
7498:26 October 2012 at the
7049:3 February 2023 at the
6957:Encyclopedia Britannica
5772:www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca
5650:Beckwith, John (1979).
5592:Encyclopedia Britannica
5540:Encyclopedia Britannica
5422:The Wall Street Journal
5249:Encyclopedia Britannica
4849:GroĂherzogtum Luxemburg
4476:Eurovision Song Contest
4333:Sacred Heart University
4072:Languages of Luxembourg
3870:. The main urban area,
3833:Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
3815:Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
3779:Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
3761:Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
3743:Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
3725:Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
3707:Esch-sur-Alzette Canton
3461:, and surpassed by the
3407:Transport in Luxembourg
3365:under his premiership.
3336:Financial Secrecy Index
3303:developer/manufacturer
3273:Global Innovation Index
3265:Human Development Index
3257:The Heritage Foundation
2965:Geography of Luxembourg
2854:Luxembourg Armed Forces
2521:parliamentary democracy
2486:Government and politics
2221:In August 1914, during
2157:Second Treaty of London
2074:King of the Netherlands
2068:, but at the same time
1182:to the west and north,
999:
988:
979:
656:âą 2021 census
294:Official languages
13678:UN French Language Day
13511:Bosnia and Herzegovina
12746:Bosnia and Herzegovina
11887:(Sovereign Base Areas)
11568:Bosnia and Herzegovina
10965:First Treaty of London
10828:9 January 2021 at the
10777:Inauguration of LU-CIX
10690:Histoire du Luxembourg
10653:The Hollywood Reporter
10596:"Film Fund Luxembourg"
10436:. 2007. Archived from
10375:Expat Life in Thailand
9601:"Katar auf EuropÀisch"
9539:"Ă propos des langues"
7147:"Where is Luxembourg?"
5849:"Luxembourg's Origins"
5815:Pauly, Michel (2011).
5221:. 2014. Archived from
4985:statistiques.public.lu
4848:
4825:
4816:
4678:
4587:
4586:in his cycling career.
4582:Charly Gaul won three
4391:
4363:Gross Domestic Product
4299:
4291:
4211:
4199:Religion in Luxembourg
4133:
4052:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3875:
3562:
3554:Signs in front of the
3483:Principality of Monaco
3430:
3322:reported that most of
3240:
3181:According to the 2012
3017:
3000:The largest towns are
2941:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2913:military cargo plane.
2867:
2786:Benelux Economic Union
2769:
2675:, France, and Germany.
2666:There have been three
2621:Communes of Luxembourg
2561:
2525:constitutional monarch
2512:
2492:Politics of Luxembourg
2480:national space program
2299:Paris Peace Conference
2229:violated Luxembourg's
2208:
2082:Fortress of Luxembourg
2011:Treaty of Campo Formio
2002:dĂ©partement des forĂȘts
1886:Treaty of the Pyrenees
1831:Fortress of Luxembourg
1819:Burgundian Netherlands
1778:with his half-brother
1709:
1686:and finally, in 1312,
1550:Kingdom of Lotharingia
1533:
1467:Luxembourgish language
1366:
1259:constitutional monarch
1150:
1133:
1110:
763:$ 88.556 billion (
92:
75:
58:
38:. For other uses, see
13814:Member states of NATO
13388:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
13248:Republic of the Congo
12673:Court of Human Rights
12320:Potential enlargement
11914:Bailiwick of Guernsey
11885:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
11178:Consultative Assembly
11168:Council of Government
10818:UCB Libraries GovPubs
10807:18 April 2023 at the
10787:18 April 2023 at the
10457:. 21 September 2021.
9884:www.units.miamioh.edu
7521:ec.europa.eu/eurostat
7335:Nature Communications
6640:"Luxembourg and NATO"
6469:Kreins (2003), p. 89.
5965:Margue, Paul (1974).
5817:Geschichte Luxemburgs
5702:"MosaĂŻque de Vichten"
4787:Outline of Luxembourg
4760:List of Luxembourgers
4754:Notable Luxembourgers
4670:Judd mat Gaardebounen
4667:
4660:Cuisine of Luxembourg
4581:
4572:Further information:
4386:
4375:Culture of Luxembourg
4297:
4285:
4206:
4131:
4101:subgroup of the main
4080:Luxembourg literature
3865:
3553:
3420:
3269:quality of life index
3230:
3223:Economy of Luxembourg
2999:
2861:
2760:
2688:Cantons of Luxembourg
2625:Further information:
2617:Cantons of Luxembourg
2576:. A second body, the
2548:
2503:
2264:tried to establish a
2206:
2113:1839 Treaty of London
1707:
1521:
1455:Kingdom of the Franks
1356:
1338:History of Luxembourg
1138:[ËlÊksmÌ©bÊÊk]
923:Central European Time
911:Western European Time
620:âą Water (%)
13804:Landlocked countries
13485:United Arab Emirates
11425:World Heritage Sites
11012:Military occupations
10950:Austrian Netherlands
10851:21 July 2018 at the
10348:luxembourg.public.lu
10290:. 22 February 2019.
10172:on 25 September 2013
9551:on 27 September 2013
9510:on 20 September 2021
9438:luxembourg.public.lu
9411:on 20 September 2021
9102:on 15 September 2013
8916:on 25 September 2013
8194:on 13 September 2016
7411:on 28 September 2007
7019:luxembourg.public.lu
6515:hal.univ-lorraine.fr
6457:Thewes (2003), p. 81
6338:Kreins (2003), p. 84
6256:Kreins (2003), p. 76
6223:"The World Factbook"
6150:Kreins (2003), p. 66
6026:Kreins (2003), p. 39
5882:Kreins (2003), p. 20
5476:. 8 September 2022.
4892:. 24 November 2020.
4886:"The World Factbook"
4742:Animated Short Films
4459:. Editor and author
4349:Health in Luxembourg
4269:According to a 2005
4208:Notre-Dame Cathedral
3568:financial technology
3545:University of Oviedo
3541:University of Oxford
3028:Rhineland-Palatinate
2892:Minister for Defense
2882:. The army is under
2774:economic integration
2401:European Communities
2066:German Confederation
1958:Revolutionary France
1948:Secularism in France
1841:Habsburg Netherlands
1804:Elizabeth of Görlitz
1597:County of Luxembourg
1514:County of Luxembourg
1443:in Luxembourg City.
1439:, on display at the
1365:in the 11th century.
1278:GDP (PPP) per capita
1228:Luxembourgish people
1216:Luxembourg's culture
1178:. It is bordered by
1115:[ËlÉtsÉbuÉÉ]
980:Not the same as the
884:âą Summer (
584:Greater German Reich
278:49.81444°N 6.13167°E
36:Luxembourg (Belgium)
13794:Duchy of Luxembourg
13789:Countries in Europe
13724:Francophone economy
12007:unincorporated area
11936:Bailiwick of Jersey
11798:States with limited
11415:RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg
11183:Diplomatic missions
11156:Chamber of Deputies
10945:Spanish Netherlands
10940:House of Luxembourg
10443:on 12 January 2012.
10028:. 3 December 2021.
9753:24 May 2006 at the
8826:on 21 February 2011
8742:on 21 February 2011
7722:on 21 February 2011
7628:10.34667/tind.46596
7347:2020NatCo..11.5978G
7044:EFTA Court homepage
6881:on 16 February 2008
6309:Maartje Abbenhuis,
6229:on 27 February 2013
6129:Kreins (2003), p.64
5570:13 May 2007 at the
5510:World Heritage List
4803:Informational notes
4606:, is the country's
4596:Stade de Luxembourg
4568:Sport in Luxembourg
4453:Memory of the World
4441:, and photographer
4424:World Heritage List
4413:Battle of the Bulge
4264:Pew Research Center
4103:West Central German
3885:
3355:Jean-Claude Juncker
3351:European Commission
3332:Tax Justice Network
2928:missions in former
2566:Chamber of Deputies
2506:Chamber of Deputies
2445:European Commission
2441:Jean-Claude Juncker
2354:Battle of the Bulge
2335:government in exile
2319:entered the country
2274:Chamber of Deputies
2161:Franco-Prussian war
2147:from 1855 to 1875.
2143:, and expansion of
2076:, would become, in
2040:Luxembourg question
1884:it resulted in the
1882:went to war in 1635
1878:Spanish Netherlands
1837:Philip the Handsome
1792:Duchy of Luxembourg
1782:becoming the first
1772:Golden Bull of 1356
1714:House of Luxembourg
1700:Duchy of Luxembourg
1664:Battle of Worringen
1620:La Roche-en-Ardenne
1593:Count of Luxembourg
1531:House of Luxembourg
1486:Abbey of Echternach
1363:Abbey of Echternach
1357:Text page from the
1324:. It served on the
1155:[lyksÉÌbuÊ]
501:Chamber of Deputies
274: /
13729:Senghor University
13526:Dominican Republic
13101:Benelux Parliament
13008:Russia (1996â2022)
12460:provisional member
12374:EFTA member states
11906:Crown Dependencies
11289:Telecommunications
11264:Electricity sector
11103:Luxembourg plateau
11098:Little Switzerland
10960:Belgian Revolution
10846:Luxembourg profile
10835:The World Factbook
10602:on 19 January 2015
10511:"TNS ILRES â Home"
10481:"Luxemburger Wort"
10208:on 16 October 2011
9920:on 6 November 2017
9581:on 16 October 2021
9473:. 12 August 2020.
8972:on 21 October 2013
8794:on 7 February 2007
8495:on 12 January 2011
8075:Luxembourg Airport
7983:countryeconomy.com
7298:SCHNUER, CORDULA.
6728:. 9 January 2024.
6607:. 9 January 2024.
6575:Zug der Erinnerung
6550:on 7 February 2019
6355:. 9 January 2024.
5995:. 9 January 2024.
5851:. 9 January 2024.
5628:on 10 October 2017
5441:rainbow-europe.org
5394:The World Factbook
5225:on 13 October 2019
4736:Luxembourg won an
4679:
4614:in the country is
4588:
4392:
4300:
4292:
4212:
4134:
4099:Moselle Franconian
3883:
3876:
3563:
3444:Luxembourg Airport
3431:
3427:Luxembourg Airport
3241:
3201:Luxembourg has an
3128:Little Switzerland
3120:Luxembourg plateau
3018:
2888:Commander-in-Chief
2868:
2770:
2562:
2551:Grand Ducal Palace
2513:
2295:popular referendum
2286:Luxembourgish Army
2209:
2193:their own monarchy
2062:Congress of Vienna
2054:Kingdom of Prussia
1903:In context of the
1896:, Thionville, and
1784:Duke of Luxembourg
1710:
1688:Holy Roman Emperor
1680:King of the Romans
1612:Henry V the Blonde
1571:) situated on the
1538:Carolingian Empire
1534:
1367:
1249:, albeit with the
1172:landlocked country
1166:), officially the
1011:The World Factbook
986:of the Netherlands
748:2024 estimate
692:2024 estimate
298:National language:
13761:
13760:
13755:
13754:
13635:
13634:
13620:Suspended members
13458:Associate members
13268:Equatorial Guinea
13111:
13110:
13026:
13025:
12693:Venice Commission
12653:Secretary General
12639:Council of Europe
12605:
12604:
12463:
12414:
12402:
12390:
12331:
12330:
12119:
12118:
12060:
12059:
11982:autonomous region
11953:
11952:
11949:
11948:
11466:
11465:
11433:
11432:
11302:
11301:
11231:
11230:
11218:Political parties
11193:Foreign relations
11138:
11137:
10975:Luxembourg Crisis
10935:Celtic Luxembourg
10703:978-2-13-053852-3
10624:. Cna.public.lu.
10541:Bloomberg Markets
10350:. 12 October 2023
10026:washington.mae.lu
9824:legilux.public.lu
9729:on 1 January 2013
9677:on 22 August 2006
9471:Guy Kaiser Online
9378:on 6 January 2016
9328:978-90-485-0446-6
9227:Amanda Levinson.
9137:Missing or empty
8459:. Socsci.ox.ac.uk
8246:on 20 August 2014
8107:. 3 August 2018.
8045:travaux.public.lu
7637:978-92-805-3432-0
7273:Newyork-cg.mae.lu
7243:ATLAS & BOOTS
7001:978-1-315-61617-9
6509:Brousse, Hendry.
6399:978-2-87999-298-3
6319:978-1-107-03760-1
6288:978-0-19-022863-7
6199:. Landenweb.net.
6104:. 24 March 2016.
5904:978-2-87999-298-3
5826:978-3-406-62225-0
5288:legilux.public.lu
5128:. 13 March 2024.
4779:Luxembourg portal
4648:Hess Cycling Team
4448:The Family of Man
4337:Luxembourg Campus
4236:Russian Orthodoxy
4210:, Luxembourg City
4171:Due to the large
4094:national language
4024:
4023:
3859:
3858:
3797:Luxembourg Canton
3668:Luxembourg Canton
2985:, and longitudes
2828:and sometimes in
2747:Foreign relations
2496:Law of Luxembourg
2472:knowledge economy
2347:resistance groups
2343:Normandy invasion
2239:Septemberprogramm
2235:German occupation
2152:Luxembourg Crisis
1932:Marquis de Vauban
1856:Kingdom of France
1799:House of Habsburg
1718:Holy Roman Empire
1644:County of Vianden
1569:Luxembourg Castle
1558:Holy Roman Empire
1554:Duchy of Lorraine
1433:Dalheim Ricciacum
1349:Celtic Luxembourg
1290:human development
1274:developed country
1186:to the east, and
1038:
1037:
809:medium inequality
773:âą Per capita
721:âą Per capita
521:and elevation to
283:49.81444; 6.13167
214:
183:
16:(Redirected from
13866:
13745:
13744:
13158:
13157:
13138:
13131:
13124:
13115:
13114:
13093:
13053:
13046:
13039:
13030:
13029:
12632:
12625:
12618:
12609:
12608:
12457:
12432:EU member states
12425:
12408:
12396:
12384:
12358:
12351:
12344:
12335:
12334:
12310:
12146:
12139:
12132:
12123:
12122:
12107:
12095:
12094:
12081:Governed by the
12043:Northern Ireland
11986:Ă
land convention
11968:
11967:
11878:
11877:
11848:
11847:
11790:
11525:Sovereign states
11506:
11499:
11492:
11483:
11482:
11470:
11469:
11446:
11410:Radio Luxembourg
11400:National symbols
11313:
11312:
11242:
11241:
11173:Council of State
11149:
11148:
11042:
11041:
10990:Second World War
10911:
10904:
10897:
10888:
10887:
10880:
10879:
10758:
10756:
10754:
10748:
10731:
10719:
10707:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10669:
10660:. 2 March 2014.
10644:
10638:
10637:
10635:
10633:
10618:
10612:
10611:
10609:
10607:
10592:
10586:
10585:
10583:
10581:
10576:on 21 April 2010
10566:
10560:
10559:
10557:
10555:
10533:
10527:
10526:
10524:
10522:
10517:on 20 March 2015
10507:
10501:
10500:
10498:
10496:
10477:
10471:
10470:
10468:
10466:
10451:
10445:
10444:
10442:
10431:
10423:
10417:
10416:
10414:
10412:
10397:
10391:
10390:
10388:
10386:
10366:
10360:
10359:
10357:
10355:
10340:
10334:
10333:
10331:
10329:
10318:FirstCycling.com
10310:
10304:
10303:
10301:
10299:
10284:"Infrastructure"
10280:
10274:
10273:
10271:
10269:
10250:
10244:
10243:
10241:
10239:
10224:
10218:
10217:
10215:
10213:
10207:
10196:
10188:
10182:
10181:
10179:
10177:
10171:
10165:. Archived from
10164:
10156:
10150:
10149:
10147:
10140:
10132:
10126:
10125:
10123:
10116:
10108:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10097:
10078:
10072:
10071:
10069:
10067:
10058:. 30 July 2020.
10048:
10042:
10041:
10039:
10037:
10018:
10012:
10011:
9996:
9990:
9989:
9987:
9985:
9966:
9960:
9959:
9957:
9955:
9936:
9930:
9929:
9927:
9925:
9916:. Archived from
9914:www.euro.who.int
9906:
9900:
9899:
9897:
9895:
9876:
9870:
9869:
9867:
9865:
9846:
9840:
9839:
9837:
9835:
9816:
9810:
9809:
9807:
9805:
9790:
9784:
9783:
9781:
9779:
9764:
9758:
9745:
9739:
9738:
9736:
9734:
9719:
9713:
9712:
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9708:
9693:
9687:
9686:
9684:
9682:
9676:
9669:
9661:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9635:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9624:
9597:
9591:
9590:
9588:
9586:
9567:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9556:
9550:
9543:
9535:
9529:
9526:
9520:
9519:
9517:
9515:
9509:
9503:. Archived from
9502:
9493:
9487:
9486:
9484:
9482:
9463:
9454:
9453:
9451:
9449:
9430:
9421:
9420:
9418:
9416:
9410:
9404:. Archived from
9403:
9394:
9388:
9387:
9385:
9383:
9377:
9370:
9362:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9351:
9345:
9320:
9309:
9303:
9302:
9300:
9298:
9283:
9277:
9276:
9274:
9272:
9257:
9251:
9250:
9248:
9246:
9241:on 30 April 2005
9240:
9233:
9224:
9218:
9205:
9199:
9198:
9196:
9194:
9179:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9153:
9147:
9146:
9140:
9135:
9133:
9125:
9118:
9112:
9111:
9109:
9107:
9092:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9081:
9066:
9060:
9059:
9057:
9055:
9040:
9034:
9033:
9031:
9029:
9014:
9008:
9007:
9005:
9003:
8988:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8977:
8962:
8956:
8955:
8953:
8951:
8940:Trade and Invest
8932:
8926:
8925:
8923:
8921:
8915:
8908:
8900:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8889:
8874:
8868:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8854:. 23 June 2017.
8849:
8842:
8836:
8835:
8833:
8831:
8825:
8819:. Archived from
8818:
8810:
8804:
8803:
8801:
8799:
8784:
8778:
8777:
8775:
8773:
8768:on 15 March 2011
8758:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8747:
8741:
8735:. Archived from
8734:
8726:
8720:
8719:
8717:
8715:
8700:
8694:
8693:
8691:
8689:
8674:
8668:
8667:
8665:
8663:
8648:
8642:
8641:
8639:
8637:
8631:
8624:
8615:
8609:
8608:
8606:
8604:
8589:
8583:
8582:
8580:
8578:
8563:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8552:
8537:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8526:
8511:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8500:
8494:
8488:. Archived from
8483:
8475:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8464:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8439:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8412:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8401:
8396:on 30 March 2012
8395:
8388:
8380:
8374:
8373:
8371:
8369:
8354:
8348:
8346:
8340:
8332:
8330:
8328:
8322:
8314:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8303:
8288:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8277:
8262:
8256:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8236:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8220:on 21 March 2015
8210:
8204:
8203:
8201:
8199:
8184:
8178:
8177:
8175:
8173:
8153:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8142:
8127:
8121:
8120:
8118:
8116:
8097:
8091:
8090:
8088:
8086:
8067:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8056:
8037:
8031:
8030:
8028:
8026:
8005:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7994:
7975:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7964:
7949:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7938:
7923:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7901:Trade and Invest
7893:
7887:
7886:
7884:
7882:
7863:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7832:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7815:
7808:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7789:
7769:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7738:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7727:
7721:
7714:
7706:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7695:
7690:on 15 March 2015
7680:
7674:
7673:
7667:
7663:
7661:
7653:
7651:
7649:
7613:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7602:
7596:
7589:
7581:
7575:
7574:
7572:
7570:
7561:. Archived from
7547:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7536:
7513:
7507:
7489:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7478:
7463:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7446:
7435:
7427:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7416:
7401:
7395:
7394:
7376:
7358:
7326:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7295:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7275:. Archived from
7265:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7235:
7229:
7228:
7213:
7207:
7205:
7199:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7181:
7173:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7143:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7132:
7117:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7106:
7091:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7060:
7054:
7041:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7030:
7011:
7005:
7004:
6979:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6968:
6949:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6923:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6912:
6897:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6880:
6873:
6865:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6839:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6809:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6737:
6718:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6702:on 27 April 2021
6692:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6666:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6636:
6630:
6627:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6506:
6500:
6497:
6491:
6488:
6479:
6476:
6470:
6467:
6458:
6455:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6432:. 26 June 2023.
6422:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6384:
6378:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6345:
6339:
6336:
6330:
6327:
6321:
6307:
6301:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6266:
6257:
6254:
6248:
6245:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6193:
6187:
6184:
6178:
6175:
6169:
6166:
6160:
6157:
6151:
6148:
6142:
6139:
6130:
6127:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6072:
6066:
6063:
6057:
6054:
6045:
6042:
6036:
6033:
6027:
6024:
6018:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
5985:
5979:
5976:
5970:
5963:
5957:
5954:
5948:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5889:
5883:
5880:
5874:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5797:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5731:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5698:
5692:
5689:
5683:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5647:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5622:Luxemburger Wort
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5584:
5575:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5532:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5502:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5471:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5396:. Archived from
5386:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5370:on 21 March 2022
5369:
5358:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5280:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5134:
5123:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5047:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5010:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4993:
4982:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4924:on 13 March 2020
4912:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4882:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4855:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4832:
4823:
4813:
4781:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4719:Radio Luxembourg
4711:Luxemburger Wort
4698:Michelin-starred
4622:, north-eastern
4608:national stadium
4534:artists. On its
4325:Miami University
4214:Luxembourg is a
4014:
4013:
4001:
4000:
3988:
3987:
3975:
3974:
3962:
3961:
3949:
3948:
3936:
3935:
3923:
3922:
3910:
3909:
3897:
3896:
3886:
3882:
3702:Esch-sur-Alzette
3689:
3679:
3655:Esch-sur-Alzette
3652:
3642:
3606:
3594:
3593:
3359:Luxembourg Leaks
3320:Sunday Telegraph
3281:steel production
3006:Esch-sur-Alzette
2900:Chief of Defense
2884:civilian control
2709:Esch-sur-Alzette
2684:
2663:
2647:is the largest.
2593:Esch-sur-Alzette
2589:justices de paix
2578:Council of State
2262:Esch-sur-Alzette
2227:Imperial Germany
1812:Duke of Burgundy
1668:Duchy of Limburg
1542:Treaty of Verdun
1474:Christianization
1272:Luxembourg is a
1263:Grand Duke Henri
1165:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1018:. Archived from
1003:
897:
873:
836:
835:
829:
828:
822:
811:
810:
804:
803:
797:
781:
780:
762:
761:
745:
729:
728:
706:
705:
689:
645:
644:
559:23 November 1890
536:Treaty of London
517:âą From the
332:
289:
288:
286:
285:
284:
279:
275:
272:
271:
270:
267:
252:and largest city
227:
216:
215:
201:
200:
185:
184:
173:("Our Homeland")
137:
123:
107:
99:
97:
95:
88:
80:
77:
71:
63:
60:
47:
46:
21:
13874:
13873:
13869:
13868:
13867:
13865:
13864:
13863:
13764:
13763:
13762:
13757:
13756:
13751:
13733:
13712:
13673:French language
13661:
13631:
13615:
13489:
13453:
13427:
13323:North Macedonia
13147:
13142:
13112:
13107:
13105:Flag of Benelux
13094:
13085:
13062:
13057:
13027:
13022:
12991:
12945:
12871:North Macedonia
12702:
12641:
12636:
12606:
12601:
12600:
12598:UKâEU relations
12594:CHâEU relations
12581:
12426:
12417:
12368:
12364:Members of the
12362:
12332:
12327:
12326:
12311:
12302:
12159:
12150:
12120:
12115:
12088:
12076:Oceanic islands
12056:
12049:subject to the
12016:
12011:Svalbard Treaty
12009:subject to the
11991:
11984:subject to the
11964:
11962:
11960:
11945:
11900:
11869:
11844:
11841:
11833:
11819:Northern Cyprus
11802:
11799:
11791:
11782:
11698:North Macedonia
11519:
11510:
11475:
11467:
11462:
11449:
11442:
11429:
11359:
11298:
11227:
11161:Current members
11134:
11074:Luxembourg City
11031:
11027:Railway history
10985:First World War
10970:1848 Revolution
10921:
10915:
10877:
10872:Wayback Machine
10853:Wayback Machine
10830:Wayback Machine
10809:Wayback Machine
10798:
10793:
10789:Wayback Machine
10766:
10764:Further reading
10761:
10752:
10750:
10746:
10740:
10729:
10704:
10683:
10678:
10677:
10667:
10665:
10646:
10645:
10641:
10631:
10629:
10620:
10619:
10615:
10605:
10603:
10594:
10593:
10589:
10579:
10577:
10568:
10567:
10563:
10553:
10551:
10535:
10534:
10530:
10520:
10518:
10509:
10508:
10504:
10494:
10492:
10479:
10478:
10474:
10464:
10462:
10453:
10452:
10448:
10440:
10429:
10425:
10424:
10420:
10410:
10408:
10403:. Finfacts.ie.
10399:
10398:
10394:
10384:
10382:
10367:
10363:
10353:
10351:
10342:
10341:
10337:
10327:
10325:
10312:
10311:
10307:
10297:
10295:
10282:
10281:
10277:
10267:
10265:
10252:
10251:
10247:
10237:
10235:
10234:on 23 June 2004
10226:
10225:
10221:
10211:
10209:
10205:
10194:
10190:
10189:
10185:
10175:
10173:
10169:
10162:
10158:
10157:
10153:
10145:
10138:
10134:
10133:
10129:
10121:
10114:
10110:
10109:
10105:
10095:
10093:
10088:. 12 May 2023.
10080:
10079:
10075:
10065:
10063:
10050:
10049:
10045:
10035:
10033:
10020:
10019:
10015:
9998:
9997:
9993:
9983:
9981:
9968:
9967:
9963:
9953:
9951:
9938:
9937:
9933:
9923:
9921:
9908:
9907:
9903:
9893:
9891:
9878:
9877:
9873:
9863:
9861:
9848:
9847:
9843:
9833:
9831:
9818:
9817:
9813:
9803:
9801:
9792:
9791:
9787:
9777:
9775:
9766:
9765:
9761:
9755:Wayback Machine
9746:
9742:
9732:
9730:
9721:
9720:
9716:
9706:
9704:
9695:
9694:
9690:
9680:
9678:
9674:
9667:
9663:
9662:
9658:
9648:
9646:
9637:
9636:
9632:
9622:
9620:
9599:
9598:
9594:
9584:
9582:
9569:
9568:
9564:
9554:
9552:
9548:
9541:
9537:
9536:
9532:
9527:
9523:
9513:
9511:
9507:
9500:
9496:STATEC (2013).
9494:
9490:
9480:
9478:
9465:
9464:
9457:
9447:
9445:
9432:
9431:
9424:
9414:
9412:
9408:
9401:
9397:STATEC (2013).
9395:
9391:
9381:
9379:
9375:
9368:
9364:
9363:
9359:
9349:
9347:
9343:
9329:
9318:
9310:
9306:
9296:
9294:
9285:
9284:
9280:
9270:
9268:
9259:
9258:
9254:
9244:
9242:
9238:
9231:
9225:
9221:
9215:Wayback Machine
9206:
9202:
9192:
9190:
9181:
9180:
9176:
9166:
9164:
9155:
9154:
9150:
9138:
9136:
9127:
9126:
9120:
9119:
9115:
9105:
9103:
9094:
9093:
9089:
9079:
9077:
9068:
9067:
9063:
9053:
9051:
9042:
9041:
9037:
9027:
9025:
9024:on 7 March 2015
9016:
9015:
9011:
9001:
8999:
8990:
8989:
8985:
8975:
8973:
8964:
8963:
8959:
8949:
8947:
8934:
8933:
8929:
8919:
8917:
8913:
8906:
8902:
8901:
8897:
8887:
8885:
8876:
8875:
8871:
8861:
8859:
8852:Financial Times
8844:
8843:
8839:
8829:
8827:
8823:
8816:
8812:
8811:
8807:
8797:
8795:
8786:
8785:
8781:
8771:
8769:
8760:
8759:
8755:
8745:
8743:
8739:
8732:
8728:
8727:
8723:
8713:
8711:
8702:
8701:
8697:
8687:
8685:
8676:
8675:
8671:
8661:
8659:
8650:
8649:
8645:
8635:
8633:
8629:
8622:
8616:
8612:
8602:
8600:
8599:on 25 June 2009
8591:
8590:
8586:
8576:
8574:
8565:
8564:
8560:
8550:
8548:
8539:
8538:
8534:
8524:
8522:
8513:
8512:
8508:
8498:
8496:
8492:
8481:
8477:
8476:
8472:
8462:
8460:
8455:
8454:
8450:
8441:
8440:
8436:
8426:
8424:
8413:
8409:
8399:
8397:
8393:
8386:
8382:
8381:
8377:
8367:
8365:
8356:
8355:
8351:
8334:
8333:
8326:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8315:
8311:
8301:
8299:
8290:
8289:
8285:
8275:
8273:
8264:
8263:
8259:
8249:
8247:
8238:
8237:
8233:
8223:
8221:
8212:
8211:
8207:
8197:
8195:
8186:
8185:
8181:
8171:
8169:
8162:The Independent
8154:
8150:
8140:
8138:
8129:
8128:
8124:
8114:
8112:
8099:
8098:
8094:
8084:
8082:
8069:
8068:
8064:
8054:
8052:
8039:
8038:
8034:
8024:
8022:
8007:
8006:
8002:
7992:
7990:
7977:
7976:
7972:
7962:
7960:
7951:
7950:
7946:
7936:
7934:
7925:
7924:
7920:
7910:
7908:
7895:
7894:
7890:
7880:
7878:
7865:
7864:
7860:
7850:
7848:
7833:
7829:
7819:
7817:
7816:on 4 April 2015
7813:
7806:
7802:
7801:
7797:
7787:
7785:
7770:
7766:
7756:
7754:
7739:
7735:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7712:
7708:
7707:
7703:
7693:
7691:
7682:
7681:
7677:
7665:
7664:
7655:
7654:
7647:
7645:
7638:
7614:
7610:
7600:
7598:
7594:
7587:
7583:
7582:
7578:
7568:
7566:
7565:on 29 June 2013
7549:
7548:
7544:
7534:
7532:
7515:
7514:
7510:
7500:Wayback Machine
7490:
7486:
7476:
7474:
7465:
7464:
7460:
7450:
7448:
7444:
7433:
7429:
7428:
7424:
7414:
7412:
7403:
7402:
7398:
7327:
7323:
7313:
7311:
7296:
7292:
7282:
7280:
7279:on 29 June 2017
7267:
7266:
7262:
7252:
7250:
7245:. 6 June 2020.
7237:
7236:
7232:
7215:
7214:
7210:
7193:
7192:
7185:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7174:
7170:
7160:
7158:
7145:
7144:
7140:
7130:
7128:
7119:
7118:
7114:
7104:
7102:
7093:
7092:
7088:
7078:
7076:
7061:
7057:
7051:Wayback Machine
7042:
7038:
7028:
7026:
7013:
7012:
7008:
7002:
6981:
6980:
6976:
6966:
6964:
6951:
6950:
6946:
6936:
6934:
6925:
6924:
6920:
6910:
6908:
6907:on 19 June 2006
6899:
6898:
6894:
6884:
6882:
6878:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6862:
6852:
6850:
6841:
6840:
6836:
6826:
6824:
6811:
6810:
6806:
6796:
6794:
6789:. 28 May 2013.
6787:Gouvernement.lu
6781:
6780:
6776:
6766:
6764:
6749:
6745:
6735:
6733:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6705:
6703:
6694:
6693:
6689:
6679:
6677:
6668:
6667:
6663:
6653:
6651:
6638:
6637:
6633:
6628:
6624:
6614:
6612:
6599:
6598:
6594:
6584:
6582:
6569:Dostert, Paul.
6567:
6563:
6553:
6551:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6524:
6522:
6507:
6503:
6498:
6494:
6489:
6482:
6477:
6473:
6468:
6461:
6456:
6449:
6439:
6437:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6409:
6407:
6400:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6376:
6372:
6362:
6360:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6337:
6333:
6328:
6324:
6308:
6304:
6299:
6295:
6289:
6267:
6260:
6255:
6251:
6246:
6242:
6232:
6230:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6206:
6204:
6195:
6194:
6190:
6185:
6181:
6176:
6172:
6167:
6163:
6158:
6154:
6149:
6145:
6140:
6133:
6128:
6121:
6111:
6109:
6100:
6099:
6095:
6085:
6083:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6064:
6060:
6055:
6048:
6043:
6039:
6034:
6030:
6025:
6021:
6016:
6012:
6002:
6000:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5977:
5973:
5964:
5960:
5955:
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5877:
5872:
5868:
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5800:
5795:
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5779:
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5699:
5695:
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5631:
5629:
5616:
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5611:
5601:
5599:
5586:
5585:
5578:
5572:Wayback Machine
5563:
5559:
5549:
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4991:
4980:
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4925:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4899:
4897:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4857:
4856:
4842:
4834:
4833:
4815:Luxembourgish:
4814:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4777:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4740:in 2014 in the
4706:
4662:
4656:
4624:Luxembourg City
4604:Luxembourg City
4576:
4570:
4564:
4465:science fiction
4443:Edward Steichen
4419:is part of the
4388:Edward Steichen
4381:
4373:Main articles:
4371:
4355:
4347:Main articles:
4345:
4306:
4280:
4228:Greek Orthodoxy
4201:
4195:
4190:
4082:
4070:Main articles:
4068:
4008:
3995:
3982:
3969:
3956:
3943:
3930:
3917:
3904:
3891:
3881:
3872:Luxembourg City
3860:
3851:Capellen Canton
3690:
3684:
3680:
3653:
3647:
3643:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3556:Centre Drosbach
3520:
3514:
3440:railway station
3415:
3409:
3403:
3249:Great Recession
3225:
3219:
3203:oceanic climate
3199:
3179:
2973:in size of the
2967:
2961:
2856:
2850:
2767:Luxembourg City
2755:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2691:
2685:
2677:
2676:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2629:
2623:
2615:Main articles:
2613:
2555:Luxembourg City
2510:Luxembourg City
2498:
2490:Main articles:
2488:
2462:exploiting the
2366:
2345:, and multiple
2268:similar to the
2219:
2201:
2086:Prussian troops
2042:
2036:
1950:
1940:
1905:Nine Years' War
1852:
1833:
1827:
1808:Philip the Good
1788:County of Chiny
1751:in Luxembourg.
1745:Battle of Crécy
1729:King of Bohemia
1702:
1696:
1548:(843â855), the
1516:
1510:
1498:Emperor's Bible
1371:Paleolithic Age
1351:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1300:was declared a
1198:(together with
1192:Luxembourg City
1159:
1158:
1142:
1141:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1022:on 13 June 2007
1004:
892:
889:
868:
833:
832:
831:
820:
808:
807:
806:
795:
782:$ 131,384 (
774:
755:
743:
730:$ 143,743 (
722:
699:
683:
667:
657:
638:
621:
607:
586:
573:
556:
539:
525:
483:
468:
441:
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101:
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82:
65:
52:
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32:Luxembourg City
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13872:
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13588:
13583:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13563:
13558:
13553:
13548:
13543:
13538:
13533:
13528:
13523:
13521:Czech Republic
13518:
13513:
13508:
13503:
13497:
13495:
13491:
13490:
13488:
13487:
13482:
13477:
13472:
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13048:
13041:
13033:
13024:
13023:
13021:
13020:
13015:
13010:
13005:
12999:
12997:
12996:Former members
12993:
12992:
12990:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12959:
12953:
12951:
12947:
12946:
12944:
12943:
12941:United Kingdom
12938:
12933:
12928:
12923:
12918:
12913:
12908:
12903:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12873:
12868:
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12848:
12843:
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12823:
12818:
12813:
12808:
12803:
12798:
12793:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12773:
12768:
12766:Czech Republic
12763:
12758:
12753:
12748:
12743:
12738:
12733:
12728:
12723:
12718:
12712:
12710:
12704:
12703:
12701:
12700:
12698:Pompidou Group
12695:
12690:
12685:
12680:
12675:
12670:
12665:
12660:
12655:
12649:
12647:
12643:
12642:
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12586:
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12574:
12569:
12564:
12559:
12554:
12549:
12544:
12539:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12519:
12514:
12509:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12489:
12484:
12479:
12474:
12472:Czech Republic
12469:
12464:
12452:
12447:
12442:
12436:
12434:
12428:
12427:
12420:
12418:
12416:
12415:
12403:
12391:
12378:
12376:
12370:
12369:
12361:
12360:
12353:
12346:
12338:
12329:
12328:
12324:Former members
12316:
12313:
12312:
12305:
12303:
12301:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12250:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12230:
12225:
12220:
12215:
12210:
12205:
12200:
12195:
12193:Czech Republic
12190:
12185:
12180:
12175:
12170:
12164:
12161:
12160:
12157:European Union
12149:
12148:
12141:
12134:
12126:
12117:
12116:
12114:
12113:
12101:
12087:
12086:
12079:
12073:
12070:
12066:
12065:
12062:
12061:
12058:
12057:
12055:
12054:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12024:
12022:
12021:United Kingdom
12018:
12017:
12015:
12014:
11999:
11997:
11993:
11992:
11990:
11989:
11974:
11972:
11965:
11958:
11955:
11954:
11951:
11950:
11947:
11946:
11944:
11943:
11938:
11933:
11932:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11910:
11908:
11902:
11901:
11899:
11898:
11888:
11881:
11875:
11874:United Kingdom
11871:
11870:
11868:
11867:
11866:
11865:
11854:
11852:
11845:
11838:
11835:
11834:
11832:
11831:
11826:
11821:
11816:
11811:
11805:
11803:
11796:
11793:
11792:
11785:
11783:
11781:
11780:
11775:
11773:United Kingdom
11770:
11765:
11760:
11755:
11750:
11745:
11740:
11735:
11730:
11725:
11720:
11715:
11710:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
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11660:
11655:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11605:
11600:
11595:
11590:
11588:Czech Republic
11585:
11580:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11560:
11555:
11550:
11545:
11540:
11535:
11529:
11527:
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11509:
11508:
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11494:
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11476:
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11461:
11460:
11455:
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11447:
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11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11391:
11390:
11380:
11375:
11369:
11367:
11361:
11360:
11358:
11357:
11355:Social welfare
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11316:
11310:
11304:
11303:
11300:
11299:
11297:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11284:Stock Exchange
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11245:
11239:
11233:
11232:
11229:
11228:
11226:
11225:
11223:Prime Minister
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11164:
11163:
11152:
11146:
11140:
11139:
11136:
11135:
11133:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11121:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11108:Moselle Valley
11105:
11100:
11090:
11088:Extreme points
11085:
11084:
11083:
11082:
11081:
11071:
11066:
11061:
11056:
11045:
11039:
11033:
11032:
11030:
11029:
11024:
11022:Jewish history
11019:
11014:
11009:
11004:
11003:
11002:
10997:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10931:
10929:
10923:
10922:
10920: articles
10914:
10913:
10906:
10899:
10891:
10885:
10884:
10874:
10859:
10843:
10820:
10811:
10797:
10796:External links
10794:
10792:
10791:
10779:
10774:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10759:
10738:
10720:
10708:
10702:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10676:
10675:
10639:
10613:
10587:
10561:
10545:Bloomberg L.P.
10528:
10502:
10472:
10446:
10418:
10392:
10361:
10335:
10305:
10275:
10245:
10219:
10199:Shanghai Daily
10183:
10151:
10127:
10124:on 3 May 2011.
10103:
10073:
10043:
10013:
9991:
9961:
9944:stats.oecd.org
9931:
9901:
9871:
9841:
9811:
9785:
9759:
9740:
9714:
9688:
9656:
9645:on 22 May 2008
9630:
9605:Tages-Anzeiger
9592:
9562:
9530:
9521:
9488:
9455:
9422:
9389:
9357:
9327:
9304:
9278:
9252:
9219:
9200:
9174:
9148:
9113:
9087:
9061:
9035:
9009:
8983:
8957:
8927:
8895:
8884:on 8 July 2014
8869:
8837:
8805:
8779:
8753:
8721:
8710:on 5 July 2016
8695:
8684:on 11 May 2011
8669:
8658:on 12 May 2011
8643:
8610:
8584:
8558:
8543:. de-cix.net.
8532:
8517:. ams-ix.net.
8506:
8470:
8448:
8434:
8407:
8375:
8349:
8309:
8298:on 29 May 2015
8283:
8257:
8231:
8205:
8179:
8148:
8122:
8092:
8062:
8032:
8000:
7970:
7944:
7918:
7888:
7858:
7827:
7795:
7764:
7733:
7701:
7675:
7666:|website=
7636:
7608:
7576:
7542:
7508:
7484:
7458:
7422:
7396:
7321:
7290:
7260:
7230:
7227:on 5 May 2012.
7208:
7168:
7138:
7127:on 2 July 2010
7112:
7086:
7063:SA, Interact.
7055:
7036:
7006:
7000:
6974:
6944:
6918:
6892:
6860:
6834:
6804:
6774:
6743:
6713:
6687:
6661:
6631:
6622:
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6561:
6532:
6501:
6492:
6480:
6471:
6459:
6447:
6417:
6398:
6379:
6370:
6340:
6331:
6322:
6302:
6293:
6287:
6258:
6249:
6240:
6214:
6188:
6179:
6170:
6161:
6152:
6143:
6131:
6119:
6093:
6067:
6058:
6046:
6037:
6028:
6019:
6010:
5980:
5971:
5958:
5949:
5940:
5931:
5922:
5903:
5884:
5875:
5866:
5840:
5825:
5807:
5798:
5789:
5759:
5744:
5723:
5693:
5684:
5675:
5660:
5639:
5609:
5576:
5557:
5527:
5494:
5458:
5428:
5411:
5400:on 27 May 2016
5381:
5345:
5319:
5305:
5266:
5236:
5204:
5174:
5146:
5110:
5076:
5035:
5005:
4969:
4939:
4907:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4766:
4763:
4758:Main article:
4755:
4752:
4744:category with
4705:
4702:
4658:Main article:
4655:
4652:
4598:, situated in
4592:national sport
4566:Main article:
4563:
4560:
4461:Hugo Gernsback
4439:Michel Majerus
4403:, and the new
4370:
4367:
4344:
4341:
4279:
4276:
4197:Main article:
4194:
4191:
4168:acquisition).
4107:naturalisation
4067:
4064:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4006:
3993:
3980:
3967:
3954:
3941:
3928:
3915:
3902:
3880:
3877:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3657:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3582:Main article:
3579:
3576:
3516:Main article:
3513:
3512:Communications
3510:
3405:Main article:
3402:
3399:
3340:Cayman Islands
3245:market economy
3221:Main article:
3218:
3215:
3198:
3195:
3178:
3175:
3101:Napoléonsgaard
2963:Main article:
2960:
2957:
2864:Grand Duke Day
2852:Main article:
2849:
2846:
2790:Schengen Group
2751:Main article:
2748:
2745:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2665:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2643:; the city of
2612:
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2595:, the city of
2582:Conseil d'Ătat
2574:constituencies
2517:full democracy
2487:
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2460:steel industry
2437:Jacques Santer
2421:Robert Schuman
2417:European Union
2370:United Nations
2365:
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2276:demanding the
2250:Marie-Adélaïde
2200:
2197:
2185:Dutch monarchy
2078:personal union
2035:
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1974:Clairefontaine
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1863:King of France
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1762:(who also was
1725:John the Blind
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1437:Vichten mosaic
1410:conquered Gaul
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1218:, people, and
1176:Western Europe
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8480:
8474:
8458:
8452:
8444:
8438:
8422:
8418:
8411:
8392:
8385:
8379:
8363:
8359:
8353:
8344:
8338:
8319:
8313:
8297:
8293:
8287:
8271:
8267:
8261:
8245:
8241:
8235:
8219:
8215:
8209:
8193:
8189:
8183:
8167:
8163:
8159:
8152:
8136:
8132:
8126:
8110:
8106:
8102:
8096:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8066:
8050:
8047:(in French).
8046:
8042:
8036:
8020:
8016:
8015:
8010:
8004:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7974:
7958:
7954:
7948:
7932:
7928:
7922:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7892:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7862:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7831:
7812:
7805:
7799:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7768:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7737:
7718:
7711:
7705:
7689:
7685:
7679:
7671:
7659:
7643:
7639:
7633:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7620:
7612:
7593:
7586:
7580:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7546:
7530:
7526:
7522:
7518:
7512:
7505:
7501:
7497:
7494:
7488:
7472:
7468:
7462:
7443:
7439:
7432:
7426:
7410:
7406:
7400:
7392:
7388:
7384:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7325:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7294:
7278:
7274:
7270:
7264:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7234:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7212:
7203:
7197:
7178:
7172:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7142:
7126:
7122:
7116:
7100:
7096:
7090:
7074:
7071:(in French).
7070:
7066:
7059:
7052:
7048:
7045:
7040:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7010:
7003:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6978:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6948:
6932:
6928:
6922:
6906:
6902:
6896:
6877:
6870:
6864:
6848:
6844:
6838:
6822:
6819:(in French).
6818:
6814:
6808:
6792:
6788:
6784:
6778:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6747:
6731:
6727:
6726:Luxembourg.lu
6723:
6717:
6701:
6697:
6691:
6675:
6671:
6665:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6635:
6626:
6610:
6606:
6605:Luxembourg.lu
6602:
6596:
6580:
6577:(in German).
6576:
6572:
6565:
6549:
6545:
6544:
6536:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6505:
6496:
6487:
6485:
6475:
6466:
6464:
6454:
6452:
6435:
6431:
6430:Luxembourg.lu
6427:
6421:
6405:
6401:
6395:
6391:
6390:
6383:
6374:
6358:
6354:
6353:Luxembourg.lu
6350:
6344:
6335:
6326:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6306:
6297:
6290:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6265:
6263:
6253:
6244:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6202:
6198:
6192:
6183:
6174:
6165:
6156:
6147:
6138:
6136:
6126:
6124:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6081:
6077:
6071:
6062:
6053:
6051:
6041:
6032:
6023:
6014:
5998:
5994:
5993:Luxembourg.lu
5990:
5984:
5975:
5968:
5962:
5953:
5944:
5935:
5926:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5888:
5879:
5870:
5854:
5850:
5844:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5822:
5818:
5811:
5802:
5793:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5763:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5745:2-7089-4773-7
5741:
5737:
5730:
5728:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5697:
5688:
5679:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5661:0-14-056133-1
5657:
5653:
5646:
5644:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5583:
5581:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5561:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5479:
5475:
5468:
5462:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5424:
5423:
5415:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5366:
5362:
5355:
5349:
5333:
5329:
5323:
5315:
5309:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5208:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5114:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5009:
4990:
4986:
4979:
4973:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4935:
4923:
4919:
4918:
4911:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4877:
4860:
4854:
4850:
4845:
4837:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4808:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4769:
4761:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4701:
4699:
4694:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4559:
4556:
4551:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:Luxembourgish
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4470:
4469:Loretta Young
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4435:Joseph Kutter
4432:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4407:(Mudam). The
4406:
4402:
4398:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4376:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4310:
4305:
4296:
4289:
4284:
4275:
4272:
4271:Eurobarometer
4267:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4216:secular state
4209:
4205:
4200:
4189:
4184:
4181:
4176:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4090:Luxembourgish
4087:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4048:Yugoslav wars
4044:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4028:Luxembourgers
4017:
4012:
4007:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3595:
3589:Largest towns
3585:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3491:Liechtenstein
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3463:United States
3460:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3395:French border
3390:
3387:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:tax avoidance
3360:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3233:Schengen Area
3229:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:GHG emissions
3184:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2947:, to support
2946:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2896:Yuriko Backes
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2842:EEA Agreement
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2792:(named after
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2425:Pierre Werner
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:. During the
2379:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2358:the Holocaust
2355:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:Gau Moselland
2328:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2170:Luxembourgers
2164:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2084:be manned by
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1990:Lazare Carnot
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:In 1542, the
1859:
1857:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:Wenceslaus IV
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1749:national hero
1746:
1742:
1741:Schueberfouer
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1723:Henry's son,
1721:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:King of Italy
1681:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:vassal states
1653:
1649:
1646:(and with it
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:Lucilinburhuc
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1407:Julius Caesar
1403:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:Celtic tribes
1372:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1343:Before AD 963
1339:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:LGBT equality
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:Luxembourgish
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:, is a small
1169:
1162:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:Luxembourgish
1104:
1103:
1092:
1085:
1049:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
992:
985:
984:
983:Het Wilhelmus
978:
975:
972:
969:
967:
963:
960:
957:
955:
954:ISO 3166 code
951:
948:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
905:
901:
895:
891:
887:
881:
877:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
848:
844:
840:
824:
818:
814:
799:
793:
789:
785:
776:
770:
766:
757:
751:
747:
741:
737:
733:
724:
718:
714:
710:
701:
695:
691:
687:
681:
677:
673:
669:
663:
659:
653:
649:
646:672,050 (
640:
634:
631:
627:
623:
617:
613:
609:
603:
600:
596:
592:
588:
585:
579:
576:1 August 1914
575:
572:
571:German Empire
568:
562:
558:
555:
551:
545:
542:19 April 1839
541:
537:
531:
527:
524:
520:
519:French Empire
514:
510:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
488:
485:
482:
476:
473:
470:
467:
461:
457:
454:
450:
448:
444:
438:
437:Luxembourgish
435:
433:
430:
429:
427:
425:
421:
414:
412:
408:
401:
397:
395:
391:
390:
389:
385:
384:
382:
381:
379:
372:
368:
361:
359:
355:
353:
349:
347:
343:
341:
340:Luxembourgers
337:
336:
334:
327:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:Luxembourgish
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12399:EU relations
12387:EU relations
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11350:Social class
11320:Demographics
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2433:Gaston Thorn
2398:
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1459:old Frankish
1445:
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1418:Roman Empire
1412:and part of
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1271:
1257:headed by a
1240:
1194:, is one of
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1009:
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981:
966:Internet TLD
942:Calling code
754:âą Total
698:âą Total
606:âą Total
507:Independence
432:Luxembourger
388:Christianity
329:Nationality
305:
297:
231:
198:De Wilhelmus
190:Royal anthem
188:
169:Ons Heemecht
164:
151:Motto:
150:
141:Coat of arms
44:
13708:LGBT rights
13601:South Korea
13403:Switzerland
13383:Saint Lucia
13303:Ivory Coast
13076:Netherlands
12926:Switzerland
12866:Netherlands
12542:Netherlands
12263:Netherlands
11963:sovereignty
11961:of internal
11941:Isle of Man
11842:territories
11800:recognition
11758:Switzerland
11693:Netherlands
11249:Accountancy
11203:LGBT rights
10681:Works cited
10238:25 November
10212:24 December
10056:ESCXTRA.com
9954:29 November
9894:28 December
9350:24 February
9245:2 September
8950:19 December
8419:. Itu.int.
8368:19 December
8327:19 February
8172:29 February
8025:13 November
7851:12 November
7788:17 December
7694:24 December
7341:(1): 5978.
7314:20 November
7253:20 November
7186:24 February
7161:3 September
7131:19 December
7029:12 December
6967:12 December
6849:(in French)
6767:29 November
6757:www.eiu.com
6554:22 December
5768:"Francique"
5602:12 December
5550:12 December
5487:8 September
5338:21 February
5259:12 December
5197:12 December
5187:www.cia.gov
4900:11 December
4602:, southern
4584:Grand Tours
4248:Mennonitism
4240:Lutheranism
4232:Anglicanism
4220:Catholicism
3828:Schifflange
3810:Bettembourg
3720:Differdange
3682:Differdange
3475:New Zealand
3344:Switzerland
3324:Kim Jong Il
3177:Environment
3093:Buurgplaatz
3089:Wilwerdange
3014:Differdange
2945:Afghanistan
2939:mission in
2641:city status
2540:legislature
2455:(2013â14).
2258:German army
2223:World War I
2121:francophone
2094:Grand-Duchy
2007:département
1966:Differdange
1952:During the
1888:, in which
1267:grand duchy
830: 0.927
624:0.23 (2015)
567:World War I
528:9 June 1815
497:Legislature
487:Luc Frieden
411:no religion
398:9.4% other
394:Catholicism
362:21.4% other
281: /
13774:Luxembourg
13768:Categories
13576:Mozambique
13571:Montenegro
13398:Seychelles
13338:Mauritania
13328:Madagascar
13318:Luxembourg
13223:Cape Verde
13081:Luxembourg
12896:San Marino
12861:Montenegro
12841:Luxembourg
12736:Azerbaijan
12588:See also:
12532:Luxembourg
12318:See also:
12253:Luxembourg
11728:San Marino
11688:Montenegro
11668:Luxembourg
11648:Kazakhstan
11553:Azerbaijan
11405:Newspapers
11330:Euthanasia
11269:Euro coins
11007:Partitions
10995:Occupation
10918:Luxembourg
10823:Luxembourg
10814:Luxembourg
10385:22 January
9984:1 December
9924:3 December
9834:6 December
9707:13 January
9623:16 October
9585:16 October
9481:16 October
9271:8 February
8567:"linx.net"
8141:5 November
7963:3 February
7937:3 February
7780:. London.
7726:3 February
7648:23 October
7569:15 January
7151:WorldAtlas
6853:24 January
6827:24 January
6817:Legilux.lu
6797:24 January
6736:24 January
6680:24 January
6615:24 January
6440:24 January
6410:24 January
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6233:1 February
6207:1 February
6003:24 January
5915:24 January
5859:24 January
5451:28 October
5374:1 November
5229:24 October
4962:11 October
4824:; French:
4798:References
4640:volleyball
4636:gymnastics
4628:basketball
4302:See also:
4186:See also:
4138:Portuguese
4056:Montenegro
4040:Portuguese
3792:Hesperange
3663:Luxembourg
3645:Luxembourg
3560:Luxembourg
3487:San Marino
3452:light-rail
3411:See also:
3301:3D scanner
3165:, and the
3149:, and the
3058:Luxembourg
3002:Luxembourg
2930:Yugoslavia
2880:Ătat-Major
2834:EFTA Court
2830:Strasbourg
2717:Luxembourg
2705:Echternach
2645:Luxembourg
2597:Luxembourg
2570:unicameral
2529:grand duke
2519:", with a
2390:Korean War
2231:neutrality
2211:See also:
2150:After the
2136:Zollverein
2128:Arelerland
2044:After the
2038:See also:
2028:Code Civil
1978:Echternach
1942:See also:
1867:François I
1829:See also:
1756:Charles IV
1632:Thionville
1523:Charles IV
1478:Willibrord
1422:Pax Romana
1320:, and the
1286:World Bank
1208:Strasbourg
1151:Luxembourg
1149:; French:
1111:LĂ«tzebuerg
1048:Luxembourg
805: 30.6
630:Population
466:Grand Duke
447:Government
424:Demonym(s)
415:3.2% other
346:Portuguese
269:06°07âČ54âłE
266:49°48âČ52âłN
257:Luxembourg
232:â in
13561:Louisiana
13556:Lithuania
13501:Argentina
13494:Observers
13343:Mauritius
12950:Observers
12836:Lithuania
12527:Lithuania
12248:Lithuania
11891:Gibraltar
11840:Dependent
11663:Lithuania
11335:Languages
11325:Education
11294:Transport
11274:RTL Group
11188:Elections
11113:Red Lands
11054:Districts
11037:Geography
11000:Holocaust
10855:from the
10298:29 August
10268:29 August
10000:"Culture"
9757:â page 11
9613:1422-9994
9337:122909816
8830:13 August
8798:13 August
8746:13 August
8714:13 August
8688:13 August
8662:13 August
8636:13 August
8603:13 August
8577:7 October
8551:7 October
8525:7 October
8499:13 August
8400:13 August
8302:7 October
8276:7 October
7747:Telegraph
7668:ignored (
7658:cite book
7391:228082162
7365:2041-1723
7065:"Accueil"
6112:6 October
6086:6 October
5835:724990605
5167:1 October
4872:Citations
4844:âčSee Tfdâș
4747:Mr Hublot
4723:RTL Group
4620:Kirchberg
4600:Gasperich
4555:Expo 2010
4431:Théo Kerg
4278:Education
4244:Calvinism
3879:Ethnicity
3738:Dudelange
3692:Dudelange
3471:Australia
3401:Transport
3312:tax haven
3136:Red Lands
3124:sandstone
3105:Rambrouch
3054:provinces
3042:Grand Est
3010:Dudelange
2959:Geography
2918:Eurocorps
2876:HĂ€rebierg
2866:, 23 June
2464:Red Lands
2315:Wehrmacht
2291:Charlotte
2243:GĂ«lle Fra
1970:Dudelange
1907:in 1684,
1871:Charles V
1835:In 1482,
1760:Sigismund
1676:Henry VII
1652:Schleiden
1536:When the
1529:from the
1400:Titelberg
1220:languages
1204:Frankfurt
1134:Luxemburg
1129:âčSee Tfdâș
1102:-sÉm-burg
865:Time zone
834:very high
744:(nominal)
707:$ 96.886
589:1944/1945
552:with the
400:Christian
374:Religion
13747:Category
13703:TV5Monde
13627:Thailand
13596:Slovenia
13591:Slovakia
13258:Dominica
13253:Djibouti
13213:Cameroon
13208:Cambodia
13193:Bulgaria
12962:Holy See
12911:Slovenia
12906:Slovakia
12886:Portugal
12751:Bulgaria
12668:Congress
12567:Slovenia
12562:Slovakia
12552:Portugal
12450:Bulgaria
12288:Slovenia
12283:Slovakia
12273:Portugal
12178:Bulgaria
12098:Category
12083:Holy See
12033:Scotland
12003:Svalbard
11988:of 1921)
11924:Guernsey
11919:Alderney
11809:Abkhazia
11743:Slovenia
11738:Slovakia
11713:Portugal
11573:Bulgaria
11453:Category
11345:Religion
11208:Military
11198:Monarchy
11144:Politics
11093:Guttland
11079:quarters
11064:Communes
10868:Archived
10857:BBC News
10849:Archived
10826:Archived
10805:Archived
10785:Archived
10744:Archived
10714:(1918).
10662:Archived
10626:Archived
10580:25 April
10548:Archived
10489:Archived
10459:Archived
10405:Archived
10379:Archived
10322:Archived
10292:Archived
10262:Archived
10143:Archived
10090:Archived
10060:Archived
10036:15 April
10030:Archived
10008:Archived
9978:Archived
9948:Archived
9888:Archived
9864:25 April
9858:Archived
9828:Archived
9798:Archived
9772:Archived
9751:Archived
9701:Archived
9681:1 August
9617:Archived
9575:MOIEN.LU
9555:1 August
9475:Archived
9442:Archived
9341:Archived
9291:Archived
9265:Archived
9211:Archived
9187:Archived
9167:25 April
9161:Archived
9130:cite web
8944:Archived
8856:Archived
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8571:Archived
8545:Archived
8519:Archived
8427:23 April
8421:Archived
8362:Archived
8337:cite web
8270:Archived
8166:Archived
8135:Archived
8115:27 April
8109:Archived
8085:27 April
8079:Archived
8055:27 April
8049:Archived
8019:Archived
8014:Le Monde
7987:Archived
7957:Archived
7931:Archived
7905:Archived
7875:Archived
7871:Eurostat
7845:Archived
7782:Archived
7751:Archived
7642:Archived
7592:Archived
7529:Archived
7525:Eurostat
7496:Archived
7471:Archived
7442:Archived
7415:19 April
7383:33293507
7308:Archived
7247:Archived
7221:yale.edu
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7155:Archived
7099:Archived
7073:Archived
7047:Archived
7023:Archived
6961:Archived
6937:18 April
6931:Archived
6821:Archived
6791:Archived
6761:Archived
6730:Archived
6706:24 April
6674:Archived
6654:18 April
6648:Archived
6609:Archived
6585:23 April
6579:Archived
6525:18 April
6519:Archived
6434:Archived
6404:Archived
6357:Archived
6201:Archived
6106:Archived
6080:Archived
5997:Archived
5909:Archived
5853:Archived
5782:21 April
5776:Archived
5754:52386195
5716:21 April
5710:Archived
5596:Archived
5568:Archived
5544:Archived
5520:16 April
5514:Archived
5478:Archived
5445:Archived
5404:16 April
5332:Archived
5292:Archived
5253:Archived
5191:Archived
5139:13 March
5130:Archived
5097:Archived
5093:Eurostat
5063:Archived
5028:18 April
5022:Archived
4998:18 April
4989:Archived
4956:Archived
4954:(OECD).
4894:Archived
4847:German:
4765:See also
4675:Diekirch
4632:handball
4548:Lorraine
4457:Clervaux
4445:, whose
4193:Religion
4066:Language
4036:Portugal
3953:(12,480)
3940:(18,889)
3927:(25,116)
3914:(49,234)
3901:(90,915)
3899:Portugal
3868:communes
3846:KĂ€erjeng
3672:132,780
3543:and the
3334:'s 2011
3305:Artec 3D
3289:eurozone
3237:eurozone
3116:Guttland
3099:and the
3097:Huldange
3081:Ardennes
3050:Wallonia
3046:Lorraine
3032:Saarland
2922:UNPROFOR
2848:Military
2826:Brussels
2818:Eurostat
2701:Diekirch
2697:Clervaux
2693:Capellen
2637:communes
2601:Diekirch
2449:eurozone
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2254:Republic
2056:and the
2050:Napoleon
1928:Fortress
1898:Montmédy
1737:chivalry
1733:folklore
1660:Henry VI
1636:Marville
1589:Conrad I
1575:rock by
1500:and the
1448:Germanic
1435:and the
1414:Germania
1200:Brussels
1132:German:
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660:643,941
451:Unitary
358:Italians
13779:Benelux
13717:Related
13666:Culture
13611:Uruguay
13606:Ukraine
13581:Ontario
13541:Ireland
13536:Hungary
13531:Georgia
13516:Croatia
13506:Austria
13423:Vietnam
13418:Vanuatu
13413:Tunisia
13393:Senegal
13373:Romania
13358:Morocco
13348:Moldova
13313:Lebanon
13238:Comoros
13203:Burundi
13183:Belgium
13178:Armenia
13173:Andorra
13168:Albania
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13060:Benelux
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12482:Estonia
12477:Denmark
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12028:England
11971:Finland
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11768:Ukraine
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11628:Hungary
11618:Germany
11613:Georgia
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11598:Estonia
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11578:Croatia
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11558:Belarus
11548:Austria
11543:Armenia
11538:Andorra
11533:Albania
11444:Outline
11383:Cuisine
11365:Culture
11308:Society
11259:Benelux
11237:Economy
11059:Cantons
10927:History
10753:10 July
10668:10 June
10632:2 April
10606:2 April
10554:10 June
10521:2 April
10495:2 April
10485:Wort.lu
10465:30 July
10411:2 April
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10176:4 March
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7343:Bibcode
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5670:4774770
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5055:IMF.org
4928:15 July
4687:Germany
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4369:Culture
4224:Judaism
4150:Spanish
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4142:English
4032:Belgium
4018:(5,091)
4005:(5,217)
3992:(5,357)
3990:Ukraine
3979:(6,828)
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3966:(9,540)
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13283:Greece
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12821:Italy
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10634:2015
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10356:2024
10330:2024
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10270:2021
10240:2006
10214:2011
10178:2010
10098:2023
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10038:2021
9986:2017
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