777:
the male. The clutch consists of 4–6 eggs which are laid at daily intervals usually beginning one or two days after the completion of the nest. The eggs are greyish-white, bluish-white or beige with reddish or brownish spots or blotches concentrated at the broader end. On average the eggs measure 20.0 mm × 14.6 mm (0.79 in × 0.57 in) and weigh 2.17 g (0.077 oz). They are incubated by the female for 13–14 days. The male feeds her at the nest during this period. Chicks are covered with thick, long, greyish-white down at hatching. They are fed on insect larvae by both adults during the first days, and later, by a frequently regurgitated yellowish paste made of seeds. They leave the nest about 13 days later, but they are not able to fly. Usually, they fledge 16–18 days after hatching. This species produces two or three broods per year.
599:
653:
722:
751:
545:
56:
42:
769:
815:
Europe and winter in Great
Britain. In Great Britain, the number of infected carcasses recovered each year declined after a peak in 2006. There was a reduction in the number of European greenfinches from around 4.3 million to around 2.8 million, but no significant decline in the overall number of common chaffinches. A similar pattern occurred in Finland where, after the arrival of the disease in 2008, there was a reduction in the number of European greenfinches but only a small change in the number of common chaffinches.
121:
257:
96:
737:, but is mainly green, with yellow in the wings and tail. The female and young birds are duller and have brown tones on the back. The bill is thick and conical. The song contains a lot of trilling twitters interspersed with wheezes, and the male has a "butterfly" display flight. Male greenfinch birds exhibit higher degrees of fluctuating asymmetry. The development of males' bones is more subject to disruption than that of females.
776:
The breeding season lasts from the second half of March until June; fledging takes place in early July. Woodland edges, farmland hedges and gardens with relatively thick vegetation are favoured for breeding. The nest is placed in trees or bushes. The nest is built by the female who is accompanied by
814:
were found to be infected with the parasite. The disease spread and in 2008, infected carcasses were found in Norway, Sweden and
Finland and a year later in Germany. The spread of the disease is believed to have been mediated by common chaffinches, as large numbers of the birds breed in northern
67:
69:
1704:
1652:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata
68:
792:
The
European greenfinch feeds on a great variety of seeds, berries, fruit, buds, flowers and some arthropods. It forages in trees and bushes, and also on the ground.
733:
The
European greenfinch is 15 cm (5.9 in) long with a wingspan of 24.5 to 27.5 cm (9.6 to 10.8 in). It is similar in size and shape to a
1688:
481:. In all species the female bird builds the nest, incubates the eggs and broods the young. Fringilline finches raise their young almost entirely on
2152:
1935:
1226:
Bensouilah, Taqiyeddine; Brahmia, Hafid; Zeraoula, Ali; Bouslama, Zihad; Houhamdi, Moussa (2014). "Breeding biology of the
European Greenfinch
1987:
2206:
1513:
Lehikoinen, A.; Lehikoinen, E.; Valkama, J.; Väisänen, R.A.; Isomursu, M. (April 2013). "Impacts of trichomonosis epidemics on
Greenfinch
1192:
Bensouilah, T.; Brahmia, H.; Zeraoula, A.; Bouslama, Z.; Houhamdi, M. (2015). "Variation in nest placement by the
European Greenfinch
1547:
Wordsworth, William "The
Poetical Works of William Wordsworth". Copyright 1847, 1858 Edward Moxon, Dover Street, London. pp. 118-119.
473:, with four species. The finch family are all seed-eaters with stout conical bills. They have similar skull morphologies, nine large
2139:
1909:
2165:
1948:
17:
1413:
Lawson, B.; et al. (2011). "Evidence of spread of emerging infectious disease, finch trichomonosis, by migrating birds".
810:
was known to infect pigeons and raptors, but, beginning in Great
Britain in 2005, carcasses of dead European greenfinches and
1697:
1636:
1615:
1590:
1326:
1176:
2170:
1953:
2231:
1626:
1025:
1883:
624:
2064:
2226:
2072:
1992:
1901:
415:
246:
902:
961:
2183:
1974:
1844:
1685:
598:
492:
study published in 2012 found that the greenfinches are not closely related to other members of the genus
1823:
1818:
1779:
1602:
1136:
Sangster, G.; et al. (October 2011). "Taxonomic recommendations for
British birds: seventh report".
977:
1680:
1102:
871:
697:
Southern Ukraine, the Caucasus and northeastern Turkey to northern Iran and southwestern Turkmenistan
2077:
2012:
1797:
1757:
1583:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the Western Palearctic
652:
120:
2221:
675:
1610:. Vol. 15: Weavers to New World Warblers. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 440–617.
2211:
750:
2051:
1557:
2157:
1940:
1805:
1719:
721:
489:
1966:
1650:
2046:
2038:
422:
225:
2059:
2002:
1810:
1766:
1367:
1239:
1040:
806:
1771:
8:
908:
848:
474:
85:
55:
41:
1371:
1356:"Emerging infectious disease leads to rapid population declines of common British birds"
1243:
1044:
768:
1831:
1784:
1585:. Vol. VIII: Crows to Finches. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 548–569.
1490:
1477:
1457:
1438:
1390:
1355:
824:
303:
115:
2126:
2033:
1857:
1849:
1632:
1611:
1586:
1495:
1430:
1395:
1322:
1172:
1149:
1056:
912:
478:
1675:
1442:
971:
2216:
2131:
1862:
1530:
1485:
1469:
1422:
1385:
1375:
1285:
1247:
1205:
1145:
1106:
1048:
1024:
Zuccon, Dario; PrĹ·s-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012).
898:
866:
811:
544:
429:
1836:
1209:
987:
2117:
2090:
2020:
1742:
1708:
1692:
1380:
1251:
691:
553:
1979:
1078:
1052:
951:
934:
1896:
1074:
505:
383:
1426:
2200:
1961:
1646:
1574:
1110:
1026:"The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)"
857:
734:
576:
Northern Scotland, northern and central France and Norway to western Siberia
570:
437:
411:
242:
105:
100:
1499:
1473:
1434:
1399:
1060:
916:
608:
509:
464:
448:
375:
2025:
1888:
1169:
The Birds of the Western Palearctic: Concise Edition. Volume 2: Passerines
1922:
1751:
1290:
1269:
781:
640:
586:
452:
391:
192:
74:
1481:
485:, while the cardueline finches raise their young on regurgitated seeds.
2144:
2085:
1914:
922:
521:
500:
379:
202:
1927:
1534:
1458:"The emergence and spread of finch trichomonosis in the British Isles"
784:, the European greenfinch's breeding season is from October to March.
1005:
494:
482:
469:
399:
387:
364:
256:
172:
132:
1875:
1713:
2111:
1736:
1686:
Ageing and sexing by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
1512:
801:
152:
2178:
1792:
1225:
1191:
460:
395:
1023:
456:
142:
1870:
726:
504:
that had originally been introduced by the French naturalist
368:
182:
386:
further south. The greenfinch has also been introduced into
1317:
Robertson, Hugh A.; Heather, B.D.; Onley, Derek J. (2005).
840:
762:
498:. They have therefore been placed in the resurrected genus
382:. It is mainly resident, but some northernmost populations
162:
1664:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology.
710:
Southern Kazakhstan to Kyrgyzstan and central Tajikistan
614:
Southern Spain through southern Europe to western Greece
1335:
1298:
1606:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.).
1171:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1557–1560.
592:
Serbia and Montenegro to Moldova, Bulgaria, and Greece
846:
646:
Northwestern Spain, Portugal and northwestern Morocco
1321:. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin Books. p. 160.
1316:
1163:
Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M., eds. (1998). "Greenfinch (
993:
559:
Great Britain (except northern Scotland) and Ireland
1101:
1681:
Videos and photos from the Internet Bird Collection
1599:
1274:
in urban conditions (study in Krotoszyn, W Poland)"
1230:in the loquat orchards of Algeria (North Africa)".
1011:
1601:
1221:
1219:
911:. London: Adam and Charles Black. pp. 114/5.
872:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22720330A132000123.en
1462:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
2198:
1263:
1261:
1216:
1185:
1600:Collar, N.J.; Newton, I.; Clement, P. (2010).
1506:
954:) John Gould describes the "green grossbeak" (
1258:
940:
508:in 1800, with the European greenfinch as the
1628:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1550:
1347:
1162:
681:South-central Turkey to northeastern Egypt
374:This bird is widespread throughout Europe,
1662:Check-list of Birds of the World Volume 14
1449:
1406:
1319:The Hand Guide to the Birds of New Zealand
795:
772:Nest with eggs in Nottinghamshire, England
255:
94:
54:
40:
1489:
1389:
1379:
1289:
1196:in relation to the age of orange trees".
870:
827:wrote a poem about this species entitled
1645:
1541:
1353:
1270:"The breeding ecology of the greenfinch
1267:
1135:
1083:. Vol. 1. Paris: Baudouin. Table 2.
983:
767:
749:
740:
720:
291: Extant & Introduced (resident)
65:
1659:
1624:
999:
967:
897:
451:, is divided into two subfamilies, the
297: Possible extinct & Introduced
14:
2199:
1455:
1412:
1097:
1095:
1073:
1718:
1717:
1660:Paynter, Raymond A. Jnr, ed. (1968).
1655:(in Latin). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii.
1573:
1341:
1304:
1117:. International Ornithologists' Union
1033:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
886:
664:Central Morocco and northern Algeria
2184:596AD11A-F6A6-49B4-BC61-FB6DDB700E99
2013:97b0d766-9a1a-4ac8-8d65-caed5d1daf68
1902:f1df8ad0-1853-416d-9aac-d34a3d15bec1
1156:
2207:IUCN Red List least concern species
1354:Robinson, R A; et al. (2010).
1092:
858:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
787:
24:
1608:Handbook of the Birds of the World
264:Range of the European greenfinch (
25:
2243:
1698:Feathers of European greenfinch (
1669:
1012:Collar, Newton & Clement 2010
1676:Audio recordings from Xeno-canto
1150:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2011.01155.x
1115:IOC World Bird List Version 13.1
818:
651:
597:
543:
410:The greenfinch was described by
119:
1603:"Family Fringillidae (Finches)"
1456:Lawson, B; et al. (2012).
1310:
1129:
847:BirdLife International (2018).
1085:The year on the title page is
1067:
1017:
716:
13:
1:
1577:; et al., eds. (1994). "
1210:10.1080/21658005.2015.1126156
834:
535:Name and describing authority
515:
1631:. London: Christopher Helm.
1381:10.1371/journal.pone.0012215
1252:10.1080/21658005.2014.934514
725:Male above, female below in
7:
2232:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1268:Kosiński, Ziemowit (2001).
1053:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002
745:
467:containing a single genus,
405:
10:
2248:
1567:
1080:Leçons d'anatomie comparée
931:The Birds of Great Britain
929:for the greenfinch in his
477:, 12 tail feathers and no
2101:
1726:
1625:Jobling, James A (2010).
1521:populations in Finland".
1427:10.1007/s10393-011-0696-8
925:uses the scientific name
865:: e.T22720330A132000123.
440:name for this bird, from
309:
302:
263:
254:
231:
224:
116:Scientific classification
114:
92:
83:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
520:There are 10 recognised
2227:Birds described in 1758
1109:, eds. (January 2023).
796:Predators and parasites
455:, containing around 28
18:Greenie (Scottish bird)
1474:10.1098/rstb.2012.0130
956:Coccothraustes chloris
952:vol. 3, 1837, plate 57
935:vol. 3, 1873, plate 38
773:
765:
755:Cuculus canorus bangsi
730:
490:molecular phylogenetic
337:Coccothraustes chloris
78:
2047:Paleobiology Database
771:
753:
741:Behaviour and ecology
724:
630:Corsica and Sardinia
605:C. c. aurantiiventris
414:in his landmark 1758
371:family Fringillidae.
324:(Linnaeus, 1758)
72:
1897:Fauna Europaea (new)
1291:10.3161/068.036.0203
1111:"Finches, euphonias"
807:Trichomonas gallinae
35:European greenfinch
2003:european-greenfinch
1468:(1604): 2852–2863.
1372:2010PLoSO...512215R
1344:, pp. 553–555.
1307:, pp. 542–543.
1244:2014ZooEc..24..199B
1232:Zoology and Ecology
1198:Zoology and Ecology
1045:2012MolPE..62..581Z
1014:, pp. 440–441.
948:The Birds of Europe
528:
351:European greenfinch
316:Linnaeus, 1758
86:Conservation status
1707:2018-03-04 at the
1691:2016-11-08 at the
1556:Poetry Foundation
1278:Acta Ornithologica
1105:; Donsker, David;
825:William Wordsworth
812:common chaffinches
774:
766:
731:
705:C. c. turkestanica
527:
447:The finch family,
285: Non-breeding
79:
2194:
2193:
2034:Open Tree of Life
1772:Carduelis_chloris
1720:Taxon identifiers
1700:Carduelis chloris
1638:978-1-4081-2501-4
1617:978-84-96553-68-2
1592:978-0-19-854679-5
1579:Carduelis chloris
1535:10.1111/ibi.12028
1519:Fringilla coelebs
1328:978-0-14-028835-3
1272:Carduelis chloris
1178:978-0-19-850188-6
1165:Carduelis chloris
1107:Rasmussen, Pamela
927:Ligurinus chloris
907:. illustrated by
899:Bonhote, J. Lewis
896:see for instance
894:Ligurinus chloris
823:The English poet
759:Carduelis chloris
714:
713:
689:C. c. bilkevitchi
347:
346:
329:Ligurinus chloris
321:Carduelis chloris
109:
73:Song recorded in
70:
16:(Redirected from
2239:
2187:
2186:
2174:
2173:
2161:
2160:
2148:
2147:
2135:
2134:
2122:
2121:
2120:
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2093:
2081:
2080:
2068:
2067:
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2054:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2028:
2016:
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2006:
2005:
1996:
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1983:
1982:
1980:NHMSYS0021002985
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1798:65BD2033E2A722C8
1788:
1787:
1775:
1774:
1762:
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1747:
1746:
1745:
1715:
1714:
1665:
1656:
1642:
1621:
1605:
1596:
1562:
1559:The Green Linnet
1554:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1410:
1404:
1403:
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1383:
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1314:
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981:
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959:
944:
938:
920:
904:Birds of Britain
890:
884:
883:
881:
879:
874:
844:
829:The Green Linnet
788:Food and feeding
672:C. c. chlorotica
661:(Roselaar, 1993)
655:
601:
547:
529:
526:
430:specific epithet
416:10th edition of
341:
333:
325:
317:
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124:
123:
103:
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2222:Birds of Europe
2197:
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2177:
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2156:
2151:
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2115:
2110:
2097:
2091:Chloris-chloris
2089:
2084:
2076:
2071:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2045:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2021:Observation.org
2019:
2011:
2009:
2001:
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1986:
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1796:
1791:
1785:Chloris_chloris
1783:
1778:
1770:
1765:
1758:Chloris chloris
1756:
1755:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1728:Chloris chloris
1722:
1709:Wayback Machine
1693:Wayback Machine
1672:
1639:
1618:
1593:
1570:
1565:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1515:Chloris chloris
1511:
1507:
1454:
1450:
1411:
1407:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1266:
1259:
1228:Chloris chloris
1224:
1217:
1194:Chloris chloris
1190:
1186:
1179:
1161:
1157:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1100:
1093:
1075:Cuvier, Georges
1072:
1068:
1028:
1022:
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1006:
998:
994:
982:
978:
966:
962:
945:
941:
891:
887:
877:
875:
851:Chloris chloris
845:
841:
837:
821:
798:
790:
757:in a clutch of
748:
743:
719:
622:C. c. madaraszi
551:C. c. harrisoni
518:
418:Systema Naturae
408:
360:Chloris chloris
339:
331:
323:
315:
298:
294:
292:
288:
286:
282:
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276:
274:
270:
266:Chloris chloris
250:
239:
235:Chloris chloris
233:
220:
217:C. chloris
118:
110:
99:
95:
88:
66:
64:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2212:Chloris (bird)
2209:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2175:
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2149:
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2105:
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2069:
2056:
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2017:
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1945:
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1789:
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1732:
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1712:
1711:
1695:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1670:External links
1668:
1667:
1666:
1657:
1643:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1597:
1591:
1575:Cramp, Stanley
1569:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1549:
1540:
1529:(2): 357–366.
1517:and Chaffinch
1505:
1448:
1421:(2): 143–153.
1405:
1346:
1334:
1327:
1309:
1297:
1284:(2): 111–121.
1257:
1238:(3): 199–207.
1215:
1184:
1177:
1155:
1144:(4): 883–892.
1128:
1091:
1066:
1039:(2): 581–596.
1016:
1004:
1002:, p. 102.
992:
976:
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644:
638:C. c. vanmarli
635:
632:
631:
628:
619:
616:
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2103:Loxia chloris
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435:
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424:
423:binomial name
420:
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403:
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363:) is a small
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226:Binomial name
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101:Least Concern
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1727:
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1647:Linnaeus, C.
1627:
1607:
1582:
1581:Greenfich".
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1119:. Retrieved
1114:
1086:
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1007:
1000:Jobling 2010
995:
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968:Paynter 1968
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909:H.E. Dresser
903:
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876:. Retrieved
862:
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828:
822:
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732:
704:
688:
671:
659:C. c. voousi
658:
637:
621:
604:
583:
566:
550:
519:
510:type species
499:
493:
487:
468:
465:Fringillinae
449:Fringillidae
446:
441:
433:
425:
417:
409:
376:North Africa
373:
367:bird in the
359:
358:
354:
350:
348:
336:
328:
320:
312:
265:
234:
232:
216:
215:
203:
183:Fringillidae
29:
1923:iNaturalist
1752:Wikispecies
1204:(1): 9–14.
1103:Gill, Frank
970:, pp.
878:12 November
782:Australasia
717:Description
453:Carduelinae
444:, "green".
392:New Zealand
193:Carduelinae
189:Subfamily:
75:Tula Oblast
2201:Categories
2086:Xeno-canto
1342:Cramp 1994
1305:Cramp 1994
986:, p.
923:John Gould
835:References
522:subspecies
516:Subspecies
483:arthropods
421:under the
355:greenfinch
332:(Linnaeus)
2118:Q28532865
1743:Q27075785
1415:Ecohealth
831:in 1803.
804:parasite
802:protozoal
676:Bonaparte
495:Carduelis
475:primaries
470:Fringilla
459:with 141
400:Argentina
388:Australia
365:passerine
211:Species:
139:Kingdom:
133:Eukaryota
2158:10356647
2112:Wikidata
1967:22720330
1941:11736128
1850:bob16490
1811:22720330
1806:BirdLife
1737:Wikidata
1705:Archived
1689:Archived
1649:(1758).
1500:22966140
1482:41740010
1443:13343152
1435:21935745
1400:20805869
1360:PLOS ONE
1077:(1800).
1061:22023825
901:(1907).
746:Breeding
571:Linnaeus
463:and the
432:is from
406:Taxonomy
304:Synonyms
243:Linnaeus
179:Family:
153:Chordata
149:Phylum:
143:Animalia
129:Domain:
106:IUCN 3.1
77:, Russia
2217:Finches
2179:ZooBank
2145:4408943
2039:1083715
1915:5845582
1876:eurgre1
1837:eurgre1
1793:Avibase
1568:Sources
1491:3427565
1391:2923595
1368:Bibcode
1240:Bibcode
1121:10 June
1087:An VIII
1041:Bibcode
972:235–236
917:1451688
692:Zarudny
678:, 1850)
625:Tschusi
611:, 1851)
609:Cabanis
573:, 1758)
554:Clancey
501:Chloris
461:species
442:khloros
434:khloris
396:Uruguay
384:migrate
204:Chloris
199:Genus:
169:Order:
159:Class:
104: (
2171:997923
2078:558540
2052:368935
2026:261771
2010:NZOR:
2000:NZBO:
1954:997806
1928:145360
1824:737210
1635:
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1433:
1398:
1388:
1325:
1175:
1059:
915:
694:, 1911
643:, 1952
627:, 1911
589:, 1905
587:Parrot
556:, 1940
538:Range
457:genera
436:, the
428:. The
398:, and
295:
289:
283:
277:
271:
63:Female
2153:IRMNG
2132:3W8WN
2073:WoRMS
1993:37601
1936:IRMNG
1884:EUNIS
1871:eBird
1863:5XWQ6
1478:JSTOR
1439:S2CID
1029:(PDF)
727:Ystad
641:Voous
532:Image
369:finch
340:Flem.
49:Male
2166:ITIS
2140:GBIF
2065:4102
1988:NCBI
1962:IUCN
1949:ITIS
1910:GBIF
1819:BOLD
1633:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1523:Ibis
1496:PMID
1431:PMID
1396:PMID
1323:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1167:)".
1138:Ibis
1123:2023
1057:PMID
913:OCLC
892:For
880:2021
863:2018
800:The
763:MHNT
479:crop
378:and
349:The
247:1758
163:Aves
2127:CoL
2060:TSA
1975:NBN
1889:968
1858:CoL
1845:BTO
1832:BOW
1780:AFD
1767:ADW
1531:doi
1527:155
1486:PMC
1470:doi
1466:367
1423:doi
1386:PMC
1376:doi
1286:doi
1248:doi
1206:doi
1146:doi
1142:153
1049:doi
988:174
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867:doi
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