628:. She had at least one son. She had migrated to India in 1528 from Kabul with one of her stepmothers, who was allowed to adopt her as her own on the command of her father, the Emperor. After the defeat of Humayun in 1540, she moved back to Kabul to live with one of her half-brothers. She did not return to Agra immediately after Humayun won back his kingdom. Instead, she stayed behind in Kabul until she was brought back to Agra by Akbar, two years after Humayun died in a tragic accident in 1556. Gulbadan Begum lived in Agra and then in Sikri for a short while, but mostly in Lahore or with the Court for the rest of her life, except for a period of seven years when she undertook a
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and the intrigues of royal deal making. The first part of her story deals with
Humayun's rule after her father's death and the travails of Humayun after his defeat. She had written little about her father Babur, as she was only aged eight when he died. However, there are anecdotes and stories she had heard about him from her companions in the Mahal (harem) that she included in her account. The latter part also deals with life in the Mughal harem.
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brothers, who later tried to recruit her husband to join him against
Humayun. Gulbadan Begum persuaded her husband not to do so. He, however, did so during her nephew's reign and, along with his son, was defeated and was expelled from court and from her presence for the rest of his life. He was not even allowed to be buried next to her. His grave is in one corner of the main quadrangle in which she is buried.
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Kabul. Asas was to be blindfolded and the coin was to be hung around his neck. Asas was intrigued and worried about the heavy weight around his neck, not knowing what it was. However, when he realised that it was a gold coin, Asas jumped with joy and pranced around the room, repeatedly saying that no one shall ever take it from him.
683:. As we know that Gulbadan Begum had received the directive to write the story of Humayun's rule by Akbar, long after the death of Humayun, it is reasonable to believe that the only available manuscript is an incomplete version of her writing. It is also believed that Akbar asked his aunt to write down from her memory so that
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There had been an order issued, âWrite down whatever you know of the doings of
Firdous-Makani (Babur) and Jannat-Ashyani (Humayun)â. At this time when his Majesty Firdaus-Makani passed from this perishable world to the everlasting home, I, this lowly one, was eight years old, so it may well be that I
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When she was 80, in
February 1603, her departure was heralded by a few days of fever. Hamida was with her to the end and watched her last hours. As she lay with closed eyes, Hamida Banu Begum spoke to her by the long-used name of affection, "Jiu!" (live or May you Live). There was no response. Then,
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For much of history, the manuscript of
Gulbadan Begum remained in obscurity. There is little mention of it in contemporary literature of other Mughal writers, especially the authors who chronicled Akbarâs rule. Yet, the little-known account of Gulbadan Begum is an important document for historians,
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undertook to Mecca, a distance of 3,000 miles, crossing treacherous mountains and hostile deserts. Though they were of royal birth, the women of the harem were hardy and prepared to face hardships, especially since their lives were so intimately intertwined with the men and their fortunes. Gulbadan
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Akbar helped to carry her bier some distance, and for her soul's repose made lavish gifts and did good works. He will have joined in the silent prayer for her soul before committal of her body to the earth, and if no son were there, he, as a near kinsman, may have answered the Imam's injunction to
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the niece of Shah Husain Mirza. At first she refused to come to see the
Emperor, who was much older than her. Finally she was advised by the other women of the harem to reconsider, and she consented to marry the Emperor. Two years later, in 1542, she bore Humayun a son named Akbar, the greatest of
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She appears to have been an educated, pious, and cultured woman of royalty. She was fond of reading and she had enjoyed the confidences of both her brother, Humayun, and nephew, Akbar. From her account it is also apparent that she was an astute observer, well-versed with the intricacies of warfare
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The memoir had been lost for several centuries and what has been found is not well preserved, poorly bound with many pages missing. It also appears to be incomplete, with the last chapters missing. There must have been very few copies of the manuscript, and for this reason it did not receive the
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She recorded one light-hearted incident about Babur. He had minted a large gold coin, as he was fond of doing, after he established his kingdom in India. This heavy gold coin was sent to Kabul, with special instructions to play a practical joke on the court jester Asas, who had stayed behind in
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in the same style, and she took his cue and wrote from her memories. Unlike some of her contemporary writers, Gulbadan wrote a factual account of what she remembered, without embellishment. What she produced not only chronicles the trials and tribulations of
Humayun's rule, but also gives us a
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Gulbadan also recorded the nomadic life style of Mughal women. Her younger days were spent in the typical style of the peripatetic Mughal family, wandering between Kabul, Agra and Lahore. During
Humayun's exile the problem was further exaggerated. She had to live in Kabul with one of her step
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Gulbadan Begum describes her father's death when her brother had fallen ill at the age of 22. She tells that Babur was depressed to see his son seriously ill and dying. For four days he circumambulated the bed of his son repeatedly, praying to
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Historian Dr. Rieu called it one of the most remarkable manuscripts in the collection of
Colonel Hamilton (who had collected more than 1,000 manuscripts). A paperback edition of Beveridge's English translation was published in India in 2001.
640:'s reign was never a confined thing, but a travelling grand encampment and there is no doubt that Gulbadan Banu Begum, like most Mughal ladies, hated the confines living in buildings and no doubt, wholeheartedly agreed with the verses of
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When she was 70, her name is mentioned with that of
Muhammad-yar, a son of her daughter, who left the court in disgrace. She with Hamida, received royal gifts of money and jewels on the occasion of the New Year by Akbar.
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Gulbadan was also said to have been a poet, fluent in both Persian and Turkish. None of her poems have survived. However, there are references to two verses and a quaseeda written by her by the Emperor
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and sent a noble as escort with several ladies in attendance. Lavish gifts were packed with her entourage that could be used as alms. Her arrival in Mecca caused quite a stir and people from as far as
343:. Gulbadan's recollection of Babur is brief, but she gives a refreshing account of Humayun's household and provides a rare material regarding his confrontation with her half-brother,
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the Mughal rulers. Gulbadan Begum described the details of this incident and the marriage of Humayun and Hamida Banu with glee, and a hint of mischievousness in her manuscript.
1235:, translated from the Persian by Wheeler Thackston. Bibliotheca Iranica/Intellectual Traditions Series, Hossein Ziai, Editor-in-Chief. Bilingual Edition, No. 11 (15 March 2009)
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in Delhi, it has been lost. The manuscript seems to end abruptly in the year 1552, four years before the death of Humayun. It ends in mid-sentence, describing the blinding of
660:, begging to be taken to the eternal world in his son's place. As if by miracle, his prayers were answered. The son recovered and the 47-year-old father died soon after.
571:. He was fond of his aunt and knew of her storytelling skills. It was fashionable for the Mughals to engage writers to document their own reigns (Akbar's own history,
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Gulbadan Begum was about eight years old at the time of her father's death in 1530 and was brought up by her older half-brother, Humayun. She was married to a
1217:"How Gulbadan Remembered: The Book of HumÄyĆ«n as an Act of Representation," Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 121â127, 2011
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From her account, we know that Gulbadan was married by the age of 17 to her cousin, Khizr Khwaja, a Chagatai prince who was the son of her father's cousin,
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Her charities were large, and it is said of her that she added day unto day in the endeavor to please God, and this by succoring the poor and needy.
581:). Akbar asked his aunt to write whatever she remembered about her brother's life. Gulbadan Begum took the challenge and produced a document titled
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It is said that for the two years after her death, Akbar lamented constantly that he missed his favorite aunt, until he died in 1605.
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kept her from returning to Agra for several months. She finally returned in 1582, seven years after she had set forth on her journey.
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do not remember much. However in obedience to the royal command, I set down whatever there is that I have heard and remember.
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Gulbadan wrote in simple Persian, without the erudite language used by better-known writers. Her father Babur had written
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Two years after Humayun reestablished the empire, Gulbadan accompanied other Mughal women of the harem back to
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At the age of seventeen, Gulbadan was married to a Chagatai noble, her cousin, Khizr Khwaja Khan, the son of
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Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia
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Imperial Identity in the Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern South and Central Asia
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702:. It was sold to the British Museum by his widow in 1868. Its existence was little known until 1901, when
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Upon being entrusted with the directive by Akbar to write the manuscript, Gulbadan Begum begins thus:
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769:"Gul-badan!" The dying woman opened her eyes, quoted the verse, "I dieâmay you live!" and died.
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Inscribing South Asian Muslim women : an annotated bibliography & research guide
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Soon after his exile, Humayun had seen and fallen in love with a 13-year-old girl named
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Ahwal Humayun Padshah Jamah Kardom Gulbadan Begum bint Babur Padshah amma Akbar Padshah
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translated it into English (Beveridge affectionately called her 'Princess Rosebody').
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If Gulbadan Begum wrote about the death of Humayun, when he tumbled down the steps in
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Gulbadan Begum went to live in Kabul again. Her life, like all the other women of the
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by Gul-Badan Begam. Translated by Annette S. Beveridge. New Delhi, Goodword, 2001,
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Begum stayed in Mecca for nearly four years and during her return a shipwreck in
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at the behest of Akbar, who had begun his rule after Humayan died in a fall.
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with its window into a womanâs perspective from inside the Mughal harem.
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rather than Persian, and that the book available today is a translation.
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Gulbadan Begum's name means "body like a rose flower" or "rose body" in
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could use the information in his own writings about the Emperor Akbar.
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1024:, University of California Press, pp. 131â198, 31 December 2019,
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and much of her biographical details are accessible through the work.
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lost the kingdom that his father Babur had established in India, to
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The Humayun Namah, by Gulbadan Begam, a study site by Deanna Ramsay
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Gulbadan Begum described in her memoir a pilgrimage she along with
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for a year. During ten of those nineteen years, he had been styled
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commissioned Gulbadan Begum to chronicle the story of his father,
1018:"2. The Culture and Politics of Persian in Precolonial Hindustan"
945:. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. p. 121.
892:. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. p. 121.
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Along with several other royal women, Gulbadan Begum undertook a
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and returned home seven years later in 1582. She died in 1603.
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Women, patronage, and self-representation in Islamic societies
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Women, patronage, and self-representation in Islamic societies
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Begam, Gulbaden (1902). Beveridge, Annette Susannah (ed.).
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in his collection of verses as well as some references by
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1523 to Dildar Begum. Her father, Babur, had been lord in
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The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture
339:, which she wrote on the request of her nephew, Emperor
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Begum, Gulbadan; (tr. by Annette S. Beveridge) (1902).
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Begum, Gulbadan; (tr. by Annette S. Beveridge) (1902).
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Akbar had provided for safe passage of his aunt on her
335:, the account of the life of her half-brother, Emperor
864:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 251.
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in 2006 and Chirayata Prokashan published the book.
1196:. Begam Gulbadam. pp. 249â. GGKEY:NDSD0TGDPA1.
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Life and writings of Gulbadan Begam (Lady Rosebody)
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
814:Gulbadan Begum is portrayed by Shraddha Singh in
694:A battered copy of the manuscript is kept in the
636:. The Mughal Court even up to the early years of
604:There has been suspicion that Gulbadan wrote the
354:noble, her cousin, Khizr Khwaja Khan, the son of
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577:, was written by the well-known Persian scholar
531:. He was in exile for the next fifteen years in
477:Gulbadan's siblings included her older brother,
753:swarmed to Mecca to get a share of the bounty.
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1190:Begam Gulbadam; Annette S. Beveridge (1902).
698:. Originally found by an Englishman, Colonel
446:for nineteen years; he was also the ruler of
385:. Gulbadan Begum is mentioned throughout the
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801:Gulbadan Begum is a principal character in
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1201:Humayun-Nama : The History of Humayun
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839:(. ed.). Leiden: Brill. p. 8.
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773:resignation: "It is the will of God."
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1193:The history of Humayun = Humayun-nama
1109:The history of HumÄyĆ«n (HumÄyĆ«n-nÄma)
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474:and for his independent sovereignty.
1257:Humayun-nama :The history of Humayun
1178:Humayun-nama :The history of Humayun
1067:Beveridge, Annette Susannah (1898).
312:1523 – 7 February 1603) was a
150:The imperial princess Gulbadan Begum
46:adding citations to reliable sources
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438:When Princess Gulbadan was born in
327:She is best known as the author of
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1374:16th-century Mughal Empire people
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713:Pradosh Chattopadhyay translated
1334:Women writers from Uttar Pradesh
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1148:Enchantress of Florence, The
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316:and the daughter of Emperor
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1344:Scholars from Uttar Pradesh
1319:16th-century Indian writers
981:Balabanlilar, Lisa (2015).
913:Balabanlilar, Lisa (2015).
808:The Enchantress of Florence
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860:Faruqui, Munis D. (2012).
608:in her native language of
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985:. I.B.Tauris. p. 8.
917:. I.B.Tauris. p. 8.
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1260:. Royal Asiatic Society.
1221:Three Memoirs of Homayun
1150:. London: Random House.
1146:Rushdie, Salman (2008).
1339:Indian women historians
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1369:16th-century educators
835:Aftab, Tahera (2008).
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731:Salima Sultan Begum
725:Pilgrimage to Mecca
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40:Please help
35:verification
32:
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1289:1603 deaths
1225:HumĂĄyunnĂĄma
1116:14 December
1077:14 December
816:Jodha Akbar
677:Purana Qila
665:Hamida Banu
454:, had held
368:Moghulistan
298:Sunni Islam
287:Maham Begum
169:Afghanistan
1278:Categories
1073:. Calcutta
822:References
757:Later life
751:Asia Minor
638:Shah Jahan
630:pilgrimage
594:Babur-nama
521:Sur Empire
494:Ahmad Alaq
452:Badakhshan
434:Early life
409:Abu'l Fazl
360:Ahmad Alaq
289:(adoptive)
98:March 2007
68:newspapers
1087:cite book
1048:226770775
805:'s novel
685:Abul Fazl
579:Abul Fazl
574:Akbarnama
527:and then
503:In 1540,
388:Akbarnama
137:Hindustan
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468:padishah
464:Kandahar
352:Chagatai
294:Religion
133:Shahzadi
1053:11 June
811:(2008).
719:Bengali
569:Humayun
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260:Dynasty
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