839:, where it held its first public performance in 1942. The ensemble also held classes, and it quickly expanded with extra instruments added. It became known as the BCC Chinese Orchestra, often considered the first Chinese orchestra formed. The orchestra was organized along the line of a Western orchestra in a form that is recognizable today, with a conductor, full scores for musicians, and four different sections -
30:
688:, "traditional music should be improved by adding harmony and counterpoint", while to musician Zhao Feng the national music culture would be the combination of Chinese melodies and Western professional techniques. Some also made a distinction between the regional music as performed by untrained folk musicians, i.e. the raw material from which
874:
By the 1960s, a largely standardized form of
Chinese orchestra had emerged. The modern Chinese orchestra has since become a cultural institution in China as well as Chinese communities outside of mainland China. Amateur Chinese orchestras are commonly found in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia
742:
music genre emerged to promote greater patriotism In the 1920s. Many groups in
Shanghai associated themselves as "National Music Clubs" such as the Great Unity National Music Club (大同國樂會) founded by Zheng Jinwen (鄭覲文). Chinese regional music become incorporated into modern education institution,
654:
was widely used to distinguish between imported
Western music and traditional Chinese music. It therefore included all Han Chinese music but excluded anything written for Western instruments. In its broadest sense it includes all Chinese instrumental music, opera, regional folk genres, and solo
704:
classical
Chinese music virtually disappeared, and some only survived by being reworked in a "light" style. Much of what was taught and performed as classical music consisted of arrangement and recompositions of older repertory; however, there have been more interest in the original classical
807:
ensemble and wrote for the ensemble, expanding on traditional musical notation so it may be used for an orchestra, specifying ornamentation details and tempo and the use of particular instruments in specific sections. Another major contributors to its development was Zheng Jinwen, who first
791:. Although there were orchestras in ancient times, the Chinese orchestra that is now commonly found in China and overseas Chinese communities is a modern creation that gradually developed through a series of experimentation starting in the 1920s. It is modeled on Western
1564:
The following are several examples of pieces written for large modern
Chinese orchestra. These musical works utilise Western musical composition techniques, as well as the inclusion of Western instruments like cello, double bass, harp and Western percussion.
1002:
Many solo pieces for various
Chinese instrument have also composed, and these pieces may be performed solo or arranged with accompaniment by other instruments or a full orchestra. Examples of these solo pieces are "Night Song of the Fisherman"
699:
Some forms of traditional music were also excluded at various times. In mainland China after 1949, folk music was promoted but classical
Chinese music was also condemned as decadent and reactionary and became sidelined. During the
662:
changed with time and locations. Originally it only referred to the music of Han
Chinese, later it also included the music of various ethnic minorities in China. Some argued that it should only refer to music of Confucian rituals
812:
ensemble to 35, and separated the instruments into different sections. He also started the process of standardization of the instruments, for example inventing method to resolve the problem of traditional instruments such as
819:
where the fundamental tuning for various instruments may be different. In the past each player may also embellish the parts at will, but in this new orchestra, Zheng wrote specific music for each instruments or sections.
546:(中樂)), nowadays refers to the music composed for Chinese musical instruments, which is an extension of the Chinese traditional music. It is often written for some form of grand presentation through a large
870:
tuning system. Further instruments were also added to enhance the sound and range of the orchestra. New pieces based on regional music and other traditional
Chinese music were composed for the orchestra.
1057:
Some of these are traditional pieces, and new composition may also be based on older traditional tunes, although some are entirely original. Many of these have also been arranged for larger orchestra.
3149:
618:
became a popular term used loosely to include all music written for
Chinese instruments in response to a particular nationalistic consciousness. Later, after Communist victory in 1949, a new term
907:
was formally elected to the "International Musicological Society". Chinese musical groups toured foreign countries, and foreign musical organizations performed in China. In the mid-1980s popular
3112:
3174:
684:
that was envisioned in the early 20th century was not entirely traditional. To many, part of the idea was to reshape Chinese folk and art music fit for the modern age. To composer
755:) was founded in 1927. A periodical, the Music Magazine (音樂雜誌, Yīnyuè Zázhì), were also established. Liu Tianhua promoted what was then regional folk instruments such as
3341:
3062:
3246:
3224:
3353:
626:(民族音乐) meaning national or people's music, was used in mainland China to encompass all compositions and genres for traditional instruments including music of
3378:
390:
355:
335:
3194:
320:
2400:
2933:
981:. It was originally written for a Western orchestra, but later also arranged as a Chinese orchestral piece. Similarly other popular pieces such as
280:
2181:
305:
285:
3164:
64:
3321:
3032:
3209:
803:, 絲竹, literally "silk and bamboo", are two traditional classifications for string and wind instruments). In Beijing, Liu Tianhua formed a
3079:
3002:
3316:
3241:
3134:
3027:
855:. The plucked strings section is unique to Chinese orchestra due to the large number of traditional Chinese lute-type instruments.
416:
230:
3007:
181:
3236:
3117:
971:
ensemble or other instruments, some may be developed later into orchestral composition. A well-known orchestral piece is the
3199:
2926:
2429:
965:
Many of the early pieces composed were based on regional and traditional pieces. The early compositions may be written for a
2903:
734:, proposed using certain aspects of Western music to compensate for the perceived weakness in Chinese music. As part of the
1337:
983:
859:
579:
appeared in various ancient texts and had various different meanings before the 20th century. It was used as early as the
2290:
765:
and adopted violin playing techniques to the instrument. National identity and pride also became important during the
3012:
2797:
2770:
2738:
2713:
2684:
2657:
2628:
2601:
2576:
2546:
2519:
2382:
669:) and the literati, while to others it included all Chinese forms of music as long as it is not European. In the new
2991:
2851:
2824:
904:
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3399:
3169:
2919:
1674:
1132:
880:
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761:, adopted Western music techniques and methods of teaching for such instruments. He composed music pieces for
441:
3358:
3129:
551:
455:
611:
it was used to refer to the kind of ceremonial court repertoire that was seen as a representation of China.
550:, as well as performances with solo instruments. It is frequently broadcast on radio and television in the
3326:
3256:
3229:
3067:
3017:
2867:
2295:
1382:
953:
409:
1972:
A four-movement concerto written for Chinese percussion, Western percussion and modern Chinese orchestra.
3368:
3305:
2981:
888:
884:
875:
organized by clan associations, community centres and schools. Professional Chinese orchestras include
3346:
2305:
1158:
1030:
919:
music still drew the greatest audiences, but other kinds of music, including previously banned western
876:
627:
215:
167:
2881:
1790:
Unnamed movements; the three movements are simply labeled "Movement I", "Movement II", "Movement III".
844:
47:
722:, Chinese intellectuals were interested in modernizing and revitalizing traditional Chinese music.
554:, and it is also the primary form of Chinese music taught in conservatories in China, as well as in
3189:
3184:
3154:
3074:
2976:
1620:
916:
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832:
766:
345:
186:
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2413:
2095:
1659:
1514:
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1332:
1306:
1281:
1181:
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1004:
973:
944:
848:
402:
315:
225:
2538:
Globalization of Language and Culture in Asia: The Impact of Globalization Processes on Language
2034:
This three-movement work depicts the cultures of three different tribal groups based in western
3266:
3124:
2966:
2814:
1356:
1019:
2787:
2674:
2618:
2566:
2421:
2372:
3144:
3052:
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2760:
2701:
2645:
2536:
290:
1794:
This piece consists of 15 variations based on one main theme, divided into three movements.
3179:
2961:
735:
2445:
2398:
Thrasher, Alan R. (2001). "I. Introduction: historical, regional and study perspectives".
957:
which fuses modern rock and contemporary R&B together with traditional Chinese music.
8:
3276:
3057:
2310:
2300:
1484:
Arranged from a traditional piece, later Western orchestral arrangement by Tang Jianping
731:
701:
113:
1045:. Many of these tunes have also been arranged for a Chinese orchestra, most notably by
677:
emphasized the traditional music of mainland China over the Taiwanese local traditions.
3261:
2408:
2189:
2132:
2019:
1988:
1977:
1935:
1912:
1827:
1641:
1635:
1600:
1293:
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852:
792:
300:
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69:
3291:
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3159:
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2847:
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2793:
2766:
2734:
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2653:
2624:
2597:
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2458:
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815:
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770:
748:
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380:
74:
3331:
3251:
2417:
2001:
Composed in 1982, this musical work depicts the exotic beauty of the Dabo River in
1624:
486:
370:
360:
350:
325:
275:
270:
1695:
and modern Chinese orchestra. Also known as "Zhongruan Concerto No. 1" (第一中阮协奏曲).
3336:
3281:
3271:
3214:
3084:
3042:
3037:
840:
599:
385:
365:
255:
118:
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967:
867:
866:, based on the early models. The tuning of the instruments was shifted to the
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375:
340:
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37:
20:
2843:
Kaleidoscope of Cultures: A Celebration of Multicultural Research and Practice
3393:
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2279:
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2103:
1458:
936:
924:
123:
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1658:
Composed in 1984, this four-movement symphonic suite depicts the scenery of
2948:
2285:
2062:
This three-movement symphonic work depicts the rich history and culture of
1540:
927:, were being performed with greater acceptance especially among the youth.
787:
The Chinese orchestra represents a significant force in the development of
719:
685:
658:
Not everyone however agreed on its modern definition, and what constituted
608:
604:
584:
493:
139:
108:
2911:
2840:
Han Kuo-Huang (16 December 2009). Marvelene C. Moore, Philip Ewell (ed.).
3150:
Song of the Military and Political University of Resistance Against Japan
2956:
2475:
2252:
2016:
1909:
1597:
1502:
1046:
858:
In 1953, the PRC government established its first Chinese orchestra, the
744:
723:
580:
102:
776:
2186:
1985:
1815:
It is the finale in the symphonic suite "Roots of the Chinese" (華夏之根).
978:
912:
696:
is therefore a polished, modernized form of traditional Chinese music.
525:
522:
1729:
1691:
1448:
1127:
836:
559:
751:, where the Institute for the Improvement of National Music (國樂改進社,
3139:
1520:
1014:
940:
98:
94:
634:, but in other Chinese communities, it may also be referred to as
2100:
2063:
2002:
1009:
987:
were also reworked for Chinese orchestra as a concerto piece for
908:
863:
828:
2762:
Tradition and Change in the Performance of Chinese Music, Part 2
2706:
Tradition and Change in the Performance of Chinese Music, Part 2
2650:
Tradition and Change in the Performance of Chinese Music, Part 2
29:
3301:
2462:
2035:
1550:
1475:
831:
for the broadcasting of traditional Chinese music. Due to the
555:
2789:
Beyond the May Fourth Paradigm: In Search of Chinese Modernity
2676:
Chinese Music and Translated Modernity in Shanghai, 1918--1937
2374:
Beyond the May Fourth Paradigm: In Search of Chinese Modernity
692:
is drawn, and the more polished national music. In this view
3099:
2267:
2005:
and the life of the Baima Tibetan people living in the area.
1318:
1270:
1186:
1042:
665:
589:
144:
90:
2541:. Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd. p. 21.
951:(中國風; lit. Chinese Wind) to describe the style of the album
718:
In the early part of the 20th century after the fall of the
2208:
1025:
995:
989:
920:
757:
2465:隋書. Original text: 國樂以雅為稱，取《詩序》云，「言天下之事，形四方之風，謂之雅。雅者，正也。」
3247:
Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China
2868:"上海之春国际音乐节 Shanghai Spring International Music Festival"
1324:
Based on a traditional tune, later piano arrangement by
2759:
Tsui Yingfai (16 September 1998). Tsao Penyeh (ed.).
808:
experimented by increasing the number of player in a
777:
Development of modern Chinese orchestra (1930s-1960s)
498:
2702:"The Modern Chinese Folk Orchestra: A Brief History"
2646:"The Modern Chinese Folk Orchestra: A Brief History"
3379:
The Anti-Communist and Anti-Russian Aggression Song
1619:A five-movement symphony that depicts the infamous
2399:
607:rulers from that of the Han Chinese. During the
3391:
2623:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 283–284.
2571:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 279–280.
2120:Also known as "Northwest Suite No. 1" (西北第一组曲).
2111:I: The Timely Rain Fall from High Heaven 老天爷下甘雨,
2031:III: Sacrifice, Torches, Potent Liquor 祭祀·火把·烈酒
3165:Osmanthus Flowers Blooming Everywhere in August
2812:
2505:
2503:
2501:
1747:This four-movement tone poem depicts the grand
1226:Traditional, orchestral version by Peng Xiuwen
935:Guoyue music made its comeback into mainstream
2672:
2173:Also known as "The Uyghur Tone Poem" (维吾尔音诗).
603:, it was used to distinguish the music of the
3322:National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China
3033:National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China
2927:
2839:
2785:
2728:
2591:
2509:
2370:
460:
446:
410:
3210:Long Live Comrade Mao for Ten Thousand Years
2816:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture
2758:
2699:
2643:
2616:
2564:
2534:
2498:
1417:
1200:Later orchestral arrangement by Peng Xiuwen
823:In 1935, a music ensemble was formed at the
2941:
2786:Frederick Lau (2008). Kai-wing Chow (ed.).
2733:. Oxford University Press. pp. 36–41.
2514:. Oxford University Press. pp. 30–34.
2371:Frederick Lau (2008). Kai-wing Chow (ed.).
2197:I: Strolling Through the Mountain Pass 关山行,
638:(for example in Singapore and Malaysia) or
2934:
2920:
2495:Original text: 遼有國樂，猶先王之風；其諸國樂，猶諸侯之風。故誌其略。
2366:
2364:
2362:
417:
403:
28:
2117:IV: The Sidedrum in Stoneplate Form 石板腰鼓
977:which was based on the folk music of the
630:. In Taiwan it continues to be known as
3317:National Anthem of the Republic of China
3242:Sailing the Seas Depends on the Helmsman
3135:Military Anthem of the Eighth Route Army
3028:National Anthem of the Republic of China
2397:
1928:Impressions of the Mountain and the Sea
565:
3008:China Heroically Stands in the Universe
2754:
2752:
2750:
2596:. Oxford University Press. p. 59.
2560:
2558:
2422:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.43141
2359:
2354:"國樂"既是中國傳統音樂在近代的延續，又是"新音樂"在近代形成、發展的新的起點
1662:and the culture of the Tibetan people.
1608:I: Jinling and the Yangtze River 金陵·大江,
1387:Liu Raozhang (柳堯章), Zheng Jinwen (鄭覲文)
1029:in 1965, and "The Moon Mirrored in the
3392:
2813:Edward L. Davis, ed. (2 August 2004).
1559:
1529:First written for a Western orchestra
860:Central Broadcasting Station Orchestra
3195:March of the People's Liberation Army
3113:Workers, Peasants and Soldiers, Unite
2915:
2846:. R&L Education. pp. 64–65.
2792:. Lexington Books. pp. 212–215.
2377:. Lexington Books. pp. 210–211.
1286:Hu Tianquan (胡天泉), Dong Hongde (董洪德)
1178:The Moon Mirrored in the Erquan Pool
795:but drawn initially from traditional
2747:
2555:
2238:
1303:Hundred Birds Pay Homage to Phoenix
650:In the early 20th century, the term
2347:
2329:
2291:List of Chinese musical instruments
2201:III: Memorial for the Patriots 忠魂祭,
1740:II: A Lost Empire in the Desert 漠楼,
1412:
939:in the 2000s by Taiwanese composer
528:; literally "national music"; also
13:
3200:I Love the Motherland's Blue Skies
3013:Song of Five Races Under One Union
2700:Tsui Yingfai (16 September 1998).
2644:Tsui Yingfai (16 September 1998).
2620:Putting Popular Music in Its Place
2568:Putting Popular Music in Its Place
587:period to refer to court music or
14:
3411:
3175:When the Motherland Calls Upon Us
2055:I: Remembrance of Things Past 怀古,
1903:The Terracotta Warriors Fantasia
1489:Beautiful Flowers on a Full Moon
984:Butterfly Lovers' Violin Concerto
825:Broadcasting Corporation of China
199:Nationalistic and patriotic songs
3170:The Sky Above the Liberated Zone
2350:音樂天地 2004年第12期 > 關於對"國樂"一詞的解析
2332:音樂天地 2004年第12期 > 關於對"國樂"一詞的解析
1651:II: Yarlung Tsangpo River 雅鲁藏布江,
1612:III: The Sorrow of the River 江怨,
1501:Later orchestral arrangement by
1442:Coloured Cloud Chasing the Moon
1379:Spring Flowers on Moonlit River
645:
3080:Song of the National Revolution
2874:
2860:
2833:
2806:
2779:
2722:
2693:
2666:
2637:
2610:
2585:
1772:Also known as "Kumtag" (库姆塔格).
1402:Rearrangement of a traditional
881:China Central Chinese Orchestra
730:and an important figure in the
3364:Chiang Ching-kuo Memorial Song
2905:Beyond the May Fourth Paradigm
2528:
2486:
2468:
2452:
2391:
2341:
2323:
2212:and modern Chinese orchestra.
2010:Three Melodies of West Yunnan
1689:A three-movement concerto for
1610:II: The Tears of the River 江泪,
1591:Symphony No. 2 "Ode to Peace"
1278:Phoenix Spreading Their Wings
1052:
905:Chinese Musicians' Association
835:, the ensemble later moved to
499:
461:
447:
231:Three Principles of the People
1:
3359:Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Song
3155:Three Rules and Eight Notices
3075:Marshal Training Soldier Song
2765:. Routledge. pp. 23–24.
2316:
2246:
2206:A four-movement concerto for
2148:V: The Battle of Hualin 桦林大战,
2059:III: Vicissitudes of Life 沧桑
1700:Impressions of Chinese Music
1614:IV: The Fury of the River 江怒,
1007:) which was composed for the
960:
3327:Ode to the Republic of China
3018:Song to the Auspicious Cloud
2446:UK public library membership
2296:Chinese Cultural Renaissance
1723:A Glimpse of the Taklamakan
1122:Based on a traditional tune
1103:Night Song of the Fisherman
7:
3369:Go and Reclaim the Mainland
3237:Learn from Comrade Lei Feng
2982:Anthem of the Beiyang Fleet
2882:"展示悠悠歷史的交響樂《華夏之根》--文化--人民網"
2402:China, People's Republic of
2258:
2066:, formerly called Jinling.
1799:The Yellow River Capriccio
1457:Later piano arrangement by
889:Singapore Chinese Orchestra
885:Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra
705:repertory since the 1990s.
614:In the early 20th century,
10:
3416:
3100:People's Republic of China
2535:Viniti Vaish, ed. (2010).
2352:. 陝西省音樂家協會. p. 第42頁.
2334:. 陝西省音樂家協會. p. 第42頁.
2306:Historical Chinese anthems
1655:IV: Vanquishing Demons 打鬼
1469:Dance of the Golden Snake
1017:piece "Double Beat" (雙板),
877:Shanghai Chinese Orchestra
780:
708:
552:People's Republic of China
168:Midi Modern Music Festival
18:
3300:
3093:
2990:
2947:
2708:. Routledge. p. 22.
2652:. Routledge. p. 21.
2178:The Great Wall Capriccio
2057:II: The Qinhuai River 秦淮,
2043:Symphony No. 1 "Jinling"
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1418:Earlier orchestral pieces
1351:Qing dynasty composition
1150:18th century composition
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
713:
510:
492:
485:
480:
476:
468:
454:
440:
436:
431:
221:Patriotic / Revolutionary
3190:I Love Beijing Tiananmen
3185:To the Rear of the Enemy
3063:In the Taihang Mountains
2704:. In Tsao Penyeh (ed.).
2648:. In Tsao Penyeh (ed.).
1667:Reminiscences of Yunnan
1653:III: Heavenly Burial 天葬,
1621:Second Sino-Japanese War
1013:in 1936 based on an old
930:
898:
893:Taipei Chinese Orchestra
767:Second Sino-Japanese War
570:
442:Traditional Chinese
187:China Record Corporation
3400:Chinese styles of music
3108:March of the Volunteers
3095:Chinese Soviet Republic
3048:Along the Songhua River
3023:March of the Volunteers
3003:How Great is Our China!
2942:Chinese patriotic songs
2673:Hoi Yan Cheung (2011).
2414:Oxford University Press
2157:The Legend of Shadi'er
2071:The Desert Smoke Suite
1510:Dance of the Yao People
1333:Ambushed from Ten Sides
1205:The Purple Bamboo Tune
974:Dance of the Yao People
456:Simplified Chinese
226:March of the Volunteers
3267:Loyalty to the Country
2967:Praise the Dragon Flag
2729:Frederick Lau (2007).
2592:Frederick Lau (2007).
2510:Frederick Lau (2007).
1777:Variations of Emotion
1649:I: Potala Palace 布达拉宫,
1357:Dance of the Yi People
1084:The General's Command
1020:Dance of the Yi People
947:, who coined the term
773:throughout the 1930s.
3257:My People, My Country
3145:Ode to the Motherland
3053:The Great Wall Ballad
2977:Training Soldier Song
2617:Charles Hamm (1995).
2565:Charles Hamm (1995).
2203:IV: Looking Afar 遥望篇
2199:II: Beacon March 烽火操,
2125:The Mohe Tribe Suite
2027:I: A Va Mountain 阿佤山,
566:Terms and definitions
153:Media and performance
19:Further information:
3180:Yellow River Cantata
2962:Tune of Li Zhongtang
1751:in northwest China.
1616:V: Ode to Peace 和平颂
1580:Number of Movements
1311:Ren Tongxiang (任同祥)
1254:Partridge in Flight
1239:Jiang Xianwei (江先渭)
1163:Huang Haihuai (黄海懷)
1070:Composers/Arrangers
954:The Eight Dimensions
736:New Culture Movement
3277:When That Day Comes
2311:Cultural Revolution
2301:Musical nationalism
2029:II: Gino Dance 基诺舞,
1998:II: Allegretto 小快板
1957:Kuan Nai-chung 关乃忠
1686:III: Allegro 机械的快板
1560:Modern compositions
1519:Liu Tieshan (劉鐵山),
1037:) composed for the
738:of the period, the
732:May Fourth Movement
726:, the president of
702:Cultural Revolution
3262:Bloodstained Glory
3130:The Internationale
2409:Grove Music Online
2223:Tang Jianping 唐建平
1978:Dabo River Caprice
1967:III: The Stars 星辰,
1951:The Age of Dragon
1783:Liu Changyuan 刘长远
1682:I: Moderato 中庸的中板,
1583:List of Movements
1495:Huang Yijun (黄貽鈞)
1364:Wang Huiran (王惠然)
793:symphony orchestra
216:Historical anthems
3387:
3386:
3302:Republic of China
3292:On the Great Road
3287:I Love You, China
3220:Socialism is Good
3160:Unity Is Strength
2994:(on the Mainland)
2992:Republic of China
2972:Cup of Solid Gold
2886:www.people.com.cn
2444:(subscription or
2431:978-1-56159-263-0
2236:
2235:
1805:Cheng Dazhao 程大兆
1749:Taklamakan Desert
1632:Journey to Lhasa
1557:
1556:
1410:
1409:
1111:Lou Shuhua (婁樹華)
1023:composed for the
833:Sino-Japanese war
783:Chinese orchestra
771:Chinese Civil War
749:Peking University
728:Peking University
671:Republic of China
628:ethnic minorities
548:Chinese orchestra
514:
513:
506:
505:
487:Standard Mandarin
427:
426:
238:
237:
194:
193:
3407:
3350:
3332:The Plum Blossom
3252:My Chinese Heart
3233:
3121:
3071:
3058:Guerrillas' Song
2936:
2929:
2922:
2913:
2912:
2907:by Kai-wing Chow
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2756:
2745:
2744:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2507:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2472:
2466:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2405:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2368:
2357:
2356:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2327:
2227:Standalone piece
2167:Standalone piece
2142:II: Princess 公主,
2092:Northwest Suite
2077:Zhao Jiping 赵季平
2049:Peng Xiuwen 彭修文
1969:IV: The Land 大地
1965:II: The Moon 月亮,
1941:Standalone piece
1918:Standalone piece
1893:Standalone piece
1889:Lu Lianghui 卢亮辉
1873:Standalone piece
1869:Lu Lianghui 卢亮辉
1853:Standalone piece
1849:Lu Lianghui 卢亮辉
1833:Standalone piece
1809:Standalone piece
1766:Standalone piece
1684:II: Lento 呆滞的慢板,
1625:Nanjing Massacre
1568:
1567:
1422:
1421:
1413:Orchestral works
1061:
1060:
753:Guóyuè Gǎijìnshè
642:(in Hong Kong).
502:
501:
478:
477:
472:"national music"
464:
463:
450:
449:
429:
428:
419:
412:
405:
205:
204:
159:
158:
32:
25:
24:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3344:
3337:800 Heroes Song
3309:
3296:
3282:Towards Revival
3272:Story of Spring
3227:
3215:Red Star Shines
3125:The East is Red
3115:
3098:
3089:
3085:Gong Xi Gong Xi
3065:
3043:The Sword March
3038:800 Heroes Song
2995:
2986:
2943:
2940:
2900:
2899:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2757:
2748:
2741:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2679:. p. 157.
2671:
2667:
2660:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2508:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2369:
2360:
2346:
2342:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2261:
2249:
2244:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2140:I: Warriors 武士,
2116:
2114:
2112:
2084:
2058:
2056:
2030:
2028:
1997:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1715:
1713:
1685:
1683:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1640:Kuan Nai-chung
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1562:
1420:
1415:
1055:
963:
943:and songwriter
933:
901:
845:plucked strings
785:
779:
743:for example by
716:
711:
648:
600:History of Liao
573:
568:
469:Literal meaning
423:
208:National anthem
162:Music festivals
52:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3374:Taiwan Is Good
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3225:I Am a Soldier
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2898:
2897:
2873:
2859:
2852:
2832:
2825:
2805:
2799:978-0739111222
2798:
2778:
2772:978-9057550416
2771:
2746:
2740:978-0195301243
2739:
2731:Music in China
2721:
2715:978-9057550416
2714:
2692:
2686:978-1243526014
2685:
2665:
2659:978-9057550416
2658:
2636:
2630:978-0521471985
2629:
2609:
2603:978-0195301243
2602:
2594:Music in China
2584:
2578:978-0521471985
2577:
2554:
2548:978-1847061836
2547:
2527:
2521:978-0195301243
2520:
2512:Music in China
2497:
2485:
2467:
2451:
2430:
2390:
2384:978-0739111222
2383:
2358:
2340:
2336:特指從近代開始的所有中國音樂
2321:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2217:Empress Earth
2214:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2192:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2109:
2106:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2083:II: Seek 音诗-觅,
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1963:I: The Sun 太阳,
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1887:
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1857:
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1844:
1840:
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1837:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1762:Jiang Ying 姜莹
1760:
1757:
1756:The Silk Road
1753:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1706:Jiang Ying 姜莹
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1617:
1606:
1603:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:Chinese Title
1572:
1571:English Title
1561:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1463:Wang Jianzhong
1455:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1428:Chinese Title
1426:
1425:English Title
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:Wang Jianzhong
1322:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1231:Suzhou Travel
1228:
1227:
1224:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1179:
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1174:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1128:Jasmine Flower
1124:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1054:
1051:
968:Jiangnan sizhu
962:
959:
932:
929:
900:
897:
868:equal-tempered
810:Jiangnan sizhu
781:Main article:
778:
775:
715:
712:
710:
707:
647:
644:
572:
569:
567:
564:
512:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
496:
490:
489:
483:
482:
481:Transcriptions
474:
473:
470:
466:
465:
458:
452:
451:
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438:
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425:
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388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
316:Inner Mongolia
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
245:
244:
243:Regional music
240:
239:
236:
235:
234:
233:
228:
223:
218:
210:
209:
201:
200:
196:
195:
192:
191:
190:
189:
184:
182:Radio stations
176:
175:
171:
170:
164:
163:
155:
154:
150:
149:
148:
147:
142:
134:
133:
132:Specific forms
129:
128:
127:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
85:
84:
80:
79:
78:
77:
72:
67:
59:
58:
57:General topics
54:
53:
51:
50:
44:
41:
40:
38:Music of China
34:
33:
21:Music of China
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3412:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3340:
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3333:
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3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
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3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:My Motherland
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
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3158:
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3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
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3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2869:
2863:
2855:
2853:9781607093039
2849:
2845:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2826:9781134549535
2822:
2819:. Routledge.
2818:
2817:
2809:
2801:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2447:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2280:Beiguan music
2278:
2275:
2274:Nanguan music
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:IV: Elegy 悼歌
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:I: Adagio 柔板,
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
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1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
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1607:
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1599:
1596:
1593:
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949:Zhongguo Feng
946:
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937:popular music
928:
926:
925:rock and roll
922:
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849:bowed strings
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2949:Qing dynasty
2904:
2889:. Retrieved
2885:
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2479:
2470:
2454:
2435:. Retrieved
2407:
2401:
2393:
2373:
2353:
2349:
2348:吳學忠 (2004).
2343:
2335:
2331:
2330:吳學忠 (2004).
2325:
2286:Taoist music
2239:
2226:
2207:
2166:
2163:Liu Yuan 刘湲
1940:
1917:
1892:
1872:
1852:
1832:
1826:Lu Lianghui
1808:
1789:
1765:
1690:
1586:Elaboration
1563:
1541:Liu Mingyuan
1534:Full of Joy
1406:tune (夕陽簫鼓)
1403:
1397:
1393:
1370:
1346:
1317:
1292:
1264:
1245:
1221:
1215:
1195:
1169:
1145:
1141:
1117:
1094:
1076:Instruments
1056:
1038:
1024:
1018:
1008:
1001:
994:
988:
982:
979:Yao minority
972:
966:
964:
952:
948:
945:Vincent Fang
934:
903:In 1980 the
902:
873:
857:
822:
814:
804:
800:
796:
788:
786:
762:
756:
752:
739:
720:Qing dynasty
717:
698:
693:
689:
686:Xian Xinghai
681:
679:
674:
664:
659:
657:
651:
649:
639:
635:
631:
624:minzu yinyue
623:
622:, short for
619:
615:
613:
609:Qing dynasty
598:
595:Music Record
594:
588:
576:
574:
542:
541:
536:
535:
530:
529:
517:
516:
515:
494:Hanyu Pinyin
291:Heilongjiang
220:
140:Taoist music
3354:The Veteran
3345: [
3228: [
3116: [
3066: [
2957:Pu Tian Yue
2264:Guoyue (國樂)
2253:Peng Xiuwen
2017:Guo Wenjing
1934:Su Wenqing
1910:Peng Xiuwen
1598:Zhao Jiping
1594:第二交响曲"和平颂"
1553:folk songs
1503:Peng Xiuwen
1269:Based on a
1053:Solo pieces
1047:Peng Xiuwen
1031:Erquan Pool
745:Liu Tianhua
724:Cai Yuanpei
673:in Taiwan,
597:section of
174:Music media
114:Heavy metal
103:Hokkien pop
65:Instruments
16:Music genre
3342:Night Raid
3310:since 1949
2891:2018-09-19
2412:. Oxford:
2317:References
2247:Conductors
2242:performers
2187:Liu Wenjin
2131:Liu Xijin
2046:第一交响曲"金陵"
1986:He Xuntian
961:Repertoire
911:, western
853:percussion
799:ensemble (
593:. In the
70:Musicology
3306:on Taiwan
2996:1912–1949
2448:required)
2144:III: 百戏童,
2115:III: 想亲亲,
1906:秦·兵马俑幻想曲
1730:Jin Xiang
1714:II: 前世今生,
1692:zhongruan
1673:Liu Xing
1577:Composer
1549:Based on
1449:Ren Guang
1431:Composer
917:classical
837:Chongqing
827:(BCC) in
575:The term
560:Singapore
346:Northeast
301:Hong Kong
266:Guangdong
75:Orchestra
3394:Category
3140:Nanniwan
2476:"国乐（國樂）"
2461:quoting
2259:See also
2150:VI: 踏垂舞
2113:II: 闹洞房,
2074:大漠孤烟直组曲
1742:III: 漠舟,
1726:塔克拉玛干掠影
1716:III: 大曲
1623:and the
1521:Mao Yuan
1067:Chinese
1015:Shandong
941:Jay Chou
769:and the
655:pieces.
640:zhongyue
543:zhongyue
540:(華樂) or
391:Zhejiang
381:Xinjiang
356:Shandong
336:Liaoning
99:Mandopop
95:Cantopop
48:Timeline
2437:21 June
2146:IV: 酒舞,
2101:Tan Dun
2064:Nanjing
2013:滇西土风三首
2003:Sichuan
1982:达勃河随想曲
1883:Winter
1863:Autumn
1843:Summer
1820:Spring
1744:IV: 漠州
1712:I: 小鸟乐,
1398:Guzheng
1146:Guzheng
1118:Guzheng
1095:Guzheng
1010:guzheng
909:ballads
864:Beijing
829:Nanjing
747:at the
709:History
534:(民乐),
371:Sichuan
361:Shaanxi
351:Qinghai
326:Jiangxi
321:Jiangsu
276:Guizhou
271:Guangxi
119:Hip hop
2850:
2823:
2796:
2769:
2737:
2712:
2683:
2656:
2627:
2600:
2575:
2545:
2518:
2493:遼史/卷54
2463:Suishu
2428:
2381:
2240:Guoyue
2160:沙迪尔传奇
2036:Yunnan
1954:龙年新世纪
1780:抒情变奏曲
1738:I: 漠原,
1551:Shanxi
1543:(刘明源)
1476:Nie Er
1192:1930s
1064:Title
851:, and
789:guoyue
740:guoyue
714:Origin
694:guoyue
690:guoyue
682:guoyue
675:Guoyue
660:guoyue
652:guoyue
636:huayue
632:guoyue
620:minyue
616:guoyue
605:Khitan
577:guoyue
556:Taiwan
537:huayue
531:minyue
518:Guoyue
500:guóyuè
432:Guoyue
386:Yunnan
366:Shanxi
281:Hainan
256:Fujian
83:Genres
3349:]
3232:]
3120:]
3070:]
2268:Yayue
2128:靺鞨组曲
1931:山海印象
1802:黄河畅想
1759:丝绸之路
1703:印象国乐
1670:云南回忆
1660:Tibet
1546:1958
1526:1952
1523:(茅沅)
1498:1935
1492:花好月圓
1481:1934
1478:(聂耳)
1472:金蛇狂舞
1454:1932
1451:(任光)
1445:彩雲追月
1437:Note
1434:Year
1390:1925
1383:春江花月夜
1367:1965
1361:彝族舞曲
1319:Suona
1314:1953
1294:Sheng
1289:1956
1273:tune
1271:Hunan
1242:1962
1189:(阿炳)
1187:Abing
1166:1959
1114:1936
1079:Note
1073:Year
1043:Abing
931:2000s
899:1980s
805:sizhu
801:sizhu
797:sizhu
666:yayue
590:yayue
571:Names
376:Tibet
341:Macau
331:Jilin
311:Hubei
306:Hunan
296:Henan
286:Hebei
261:Gansu
251:Anhui
145:Yayue
124:Opera
91:C-pop
2848:ISBN
2821:ISBN
2794:ISBN
2767:ISBN
2735:ISBN
2710:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2654:ISBN
2625:ISBN
2598:ISBN
2573:ISBN
2543:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2480:Zdic
2439:2021
2426:ISBN
2379:ISBN
2282:(北管)
2276:(南管)
2270:(雅樂)
2209:erhu
2182:长城随想
2096:西北组曲
1537:喜洋洋
1515:瑤族舞曲
1461:and
1404:pipa
1394:Pipa
1371:Pipa
1347:Pipa
1338:十面埋伏
1307:百鳥朝鳳
1282:鳳凰展翅
1265:Dizi
1257:鷓鴣飛
1246:Dizi
1222:Erhu
1217:Dizi
1208:紫竹調
1196:Erhu
1182:二泉映月
1170:Erhu
1142:Erhu
1107:漁舟唱晚
1087:將軍令
1039:erhu
1035:二泉映月
1026:pipa
1005:漁舟唱晚
996:pipa
990:erhu
923:and
921:jazz
915:and
913:folk
891:and
841:wind
816:dizi
763:erhu
758:erhu
680:The
585:Tang
558:and
109:Rock
3097:and
2459:歷代樂
2418:doi
2220:后土
2190:刘文金
2133:刘锡津
2020:郭文景
1989:何训田
1936:苏文庆
1913:彭修文
1828:卢亮辉
1732:金湘
1642:关乃忠
1636:拉萨行
1601:赵季平
1235:姑蘇行
1133:茉莉花
1041:by
1033:" (
993:or
862:in
581:Sui
93:: (
3396::
3347:zh
3230:zh
3118:zh
3068:zh
2884:.
2749:^
2557:^
2500:^
2478:.
2424:.
2416:.
2406:.
2361:^
2194:4
2137:6
2108:4
2104:谭盾
2080:4
2052:3
2038:.
2024:3
1993:2
1960:4
1886:冬
1866:秋
1846:夏
1823:春
1786:3
1735:4
1709:3
1679:3
1675:刘星
1646:4
1627:.
1605:5
1159:賽馬
1049:.
999:.
895:.
887:,
883:,
879:,
847:,
843:,
562:.
462:国乐
448:國樂
101:,
97:,
3308:)
3304:(
2935:e
2928:t
2921:v
2894:.
2870:.
2856:.
2829:.
2802:.
2775:.
2743:.
2718:.
2689:.
2662:.
2633:.
2606:.
2581:.
2551:.
2524:.
2482:.
2441:.
2420::
2387:.
1396:/
1220:/
1144:/
1003:(
663:(
583:-
526:樂
523:國
521:(
418:e
411:t
404:v
105:)
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