1383:
1403:
emperor may have the largest number of musicians and dancers (64 dancers in eight rows of eight), while a noble or chief minister may have a smaller ensemble and 36 dancers (six rows of six), and a lesser officer even fewer (four by four or two by two). In
Confucian rituals the six row dance (六佾舞) was originally performed as appropriate for the status of Confucius, later the eight row dance (八佾舞) was also performed as Confucius had been granted various posthumous regal titles, for example the title of King Wenxuan (文宣王) that was granted by
1226:
395:
1665:
1379:樂悬) at the four sides, while the drums occupied the four corners. At the front were two wooden instruments, used to mark the start and end of a piece. The "outside" music in the courtyard was meant for the praise of heaven, and the size and disposition of the orchestra varied with the importance of the occasion, while the "inside" music was used to extol the virtue of the emperors and their ancestors.
1424:
1310:
music and dances, especially the use of modern forms of instruments and various substitutions rather than the more ancient and original forms, nonetheless some argued that such music and dances have always changed over time through succeeding dynasties, and that any changes introduced in the modern
1402:
with little rhythmic variety. When sung, there may be four to eight beats per phrase depending on the number of words in the text. The music performed in the courtyard are accompanied by dances, and the number of dancers varies strictly according to the rank and social status of the patron. The
886:
is therefore regarded in the
Confucian system as the proper form of music that is refined, improving, and essential for self-cultivation, and one that can symbolize good and stable governance. It means the kind of solemn ceremonial music used in court, as well as ritual music in temples including
1367:), as well as singers. The larger ensemble was primarily instrumental and contained all the categories of musical instruments with the musicians arranged in five directions (four points of the compass and the center) in the courtyard. The wind instruments occupied the center, and the
1446:
music does not use just any kind of traditional
Chinese musical instruments, but instead includes only a small selection, taken from the oldest ones, according to the eight categories of materials used in their construction.
1247:
1245:
1246:
1084:
was characterised by its rigidity of form. When performed, it was stately and formal, serving to distinguish the aristocratic classes. It was sometimes also accompanied by
1282:
however was still performed as part of a
Confucian ritual in China until the Communist takeover in 1949 when it completely disappeared. There has been a revival in
1148:
involved singings but not string instruments in the Han dynasty, and in Sui dynasty, singers and string instruments were added to the court ensembles. During the
1187:
orchestra in this era consisted of over 200 instrumentalists with many instruments added to the orchestra. Two important texts from the Song dynasty describing
1534:(敔) – A wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back, played by running a stick across it and to mark the ends of sections
2636:
1411:
flute (籥) in their left hands and a feather plume (羽) in their right, while in military dance the dancer may hold a shield (干) in their left hands and a
755:
720:
700:
685:
1068:
in honour of Heaven and Earth, the gods or the ancestors. There were also detailed rules on the way they were to be performed at diplomatic meetings.
645:
670:
650:
938:
in
Vietnam. Although the same word is used in these countries (but pronounced differently), the music does not necessarily correspond to Chinese
429:
1168:
became reserved for the music of
Confucian rituals used in temples of the imperial family and the nobility as well as in Confucian temples.
916:
is still performed as part of a
Confucian ceremony, and in China a revived form also serves as entertainment for tourists. Other forms of
1286:
in
Confucian ritual in Taiwan since the late 1960s, and in mainland China since the 1990s. A major research and modern reconstruction of
2696:
225:
781:
595:
546:
1306:
also spurred interest in this form of music. There are however questions over the authenticity of these revived and recreated
1235:
2162:
Robert C. Provine, Jr. (January 1974). "The
Treatise on Ceremonial Music (1430) in the Annals of the Korean King Sejong".
1636:(笙) – A free reed mouth organ consisting of varying number of bamboo pipes inserted into a gourd chamber with finger holes
1872:
2686:
2616:
2589:
2535:
2486:
2456:
2429:
2399:
2369:
2342:
2288:
2261:
2234:
2127:
2100:
2073:
2035:
1990:
1921:
1528:(柷) – A wooden box that tapers from the bottom, played by hitting a stick on the inside, used to mark beats or sections
1737:
that has been performed at the
Imperial court for several centuries. It differs in form and content from the Chinese
2562:
2315:
2208:
1407:
dynasty. The dances are divided into two types: civil dance and military dance. In civil dance, the dancers hold a
878:
to be the kind of music that is good and beneficial, in contrast to the popular music originated from the state of
1428:
2448:
Music As Intangible Cultural Heritage: Policy Ideology and Practice in the Preservation of East Asian Traditions
2421:
Music As Intangible Cultural Heritage: Policy Ideology and Practice in the Preservation of East Asian Traditions
2691:
1595:
1556:
1499:
800:
148:
38:
2608:
Rituals Of Recruitment In Tang China: Reading An Annual Programme In The Collected Statements By Wang Dingbao
1587:
1548:
1491:
1008:
piece of the Zhou dynasty were the Six Great Dances, each associated with a legendary or historical figure –
183:
52:
774:
2144:
1790:— 아=雅, 악=樂). It was brought to Korea in the 12th century and it still preserves some of the music of the
233:
1525:
96:
2215:
Note some of alternate names given for these dances, such as Xianchi (咸池), Dashao (大韶), and Dazhang (大章)
912:
has largely disappeared from China, although there are modern attempts at its reconstruction. In Taiwan
1531:
1436:
1048:
1036:
580:
532:
1382:
412:
2550:
2506:
1290:
of the imperial court was initiated in Taiwan in the 1990s, and in mainland China a performance of
891:
can also mean a form of Chinese music that is distinguishable from the popular form of music termed
1867:
1404:
1098:
959:
854:) was used during the Zhou dynasty to refer to a form of song-texts used in court and collected in
710:
551:
367:
1208:
814:
767:
680:
590:
1980:
2606:
2525:
2446:
2419:
2389:
2359:
1911:
2579:
2552:
2332:
2305:
2117:
2063:
2025:
1140:
was modified in this as well as the succeeding dynasties. For example, the terrace ensemble (
655:
321:
2632:
2278:
2251:
2198:
2090:
1639:
899:(俗樂) or "uncultivated music", and can therefore also include music of the literati such as
2119:
Comparative Musicology and Anthropology of Music: Essays on the History of Ethnomusicology
8:
2551:
Christian De Pee; Joseph Sui Ching Lam; Martin Joseph Powers; Shuen-fu Lin, eds. (2017).
1465:(瑟) – 25 stringed zither with moveable bridges (ancient sources say 13, 25 or 50 strings)
1110:
838:
478:
251:
2179:
2055:
1985:. Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Routledge; 1 edition. 2008. pp. 1201–1202.
1829:
1633:
1274:
Some forms of yayue survived for imperial ceremonies and rituals until the fall of the
665:
630:
434:
2663:
1132:. However, some pieces appeared to have been lost or were no longer performed by the
2612:
2585:
2558:
2531:
2482:
2452:
2425:
2395:
2365:
2361:
World Musics in Context: A Comprehensive Survey of the World's Major Musical Cultures
2338:
2311:
2284:
2257:
2230:
2204:
2123:
2096:
2069:
2031:
1986:
1917:
1913:
World Musics in Context: A Comprehensive Survey of the World's Major Musical Cultures
1475:
1356:
1295:
1257:
c. 1925 used in a Confucian ritual before such music disappeared from mainland China.
1004:
pieces may have a ceremonial or ritual dance associated with it. The most important
834:
745:
439:
132:
124:
821:
performed at the royal court and temples in ancient China. The basic conventions of
2171:
1692:
1616:
1512:
1212:
1176:
735:
725:
715:
690:
640:
635:
75:
2581:
State Sacrifices and Music in Ming China: Orthodoxy, Creativity and Expressiveness
2059:
1745:
1686:
1462:
1391:
1351:
973:
830:
750:
730:
620:
483:
2006:
1813:
1803:
1642:(竽) – An ancient free reed mouth organ similar to the sheng but generally larger
934:
1877:
1851:
1734:
1372:
1097:
With the decline of the importance ceremony in the interstate relations of the
993:
818:
740:
705:
695:
675:
660:
625:
615:
402:
204:
197:
110:
1832:, which ended in the 20th century. It is still being performed in the city of
2680:
1882:
1845:
1412:
1387:
1118:
1056:
1028:
1017:
977:
879:
488:
1825:
1620:
1323:
orchestra may be divided into two separate ensembles that may represent the
1207:
instruments as well as 572 costumes and dance objects was given to Korea by
2050:
1957:
1888:
1821:
1817:
1791:
1701:
1652:
1603:
1481:
1360:
1324:
1275:
1172:
1149:
969:
826:
504:
473:
265:
176:
82:
1943:
2280:
Chinese Theories of Theater and Performance from Confucius to the Present
2256:. translated by Maija Bell Samei. University of Hawaii Press. p. 5.
1674:
1157:
1133:
1129:
1114:
1080:
expeditions, and after the conclusion of a successful military campaign.
467:
218:
2051:
1749:
1266:
989:
2183:
1343:(宮懸). The smaller ensemble consisted of mainly chordophones (such as
2650:
International Workshop on Nhã Nhạc of Nguyễn Dynasty: Huế court music
1742:
1711:
In Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese, the Chinese characters
1583:
1577:
1507:
1432:
1399:
1368:
1106:
875:
141:
2334:
Sizhu Instrumental Music of South China: Ethos, Theory and Practice
2175:
2092:
Sizhu Instrumental Music of South China: Ethos, Theory and Practice
1758:
1753:
1680:
1564:
1544:
1197:
Complete Explanation of the Classic of Etiquette and Its Commentary
1121:
to the ancient court music, listening to which he may fall asleep.
1090:
1065:
866:
463:
459:
162:
1331:) that was meant to play on the terraces of a building and called
2065:
Women and Confucian Cultures in Premodern China, Korea, and Japan
1833:
1580:(編鐘) – 16 gilt bronze bells hung on a rack, struck using a mallet
1487:
1364:
1303:
1077:
1073:
856:
209:
1109:
famously lamented the decline of classical music and the rites.
394:
1861:
1856:
1764:
1728:
1704:
1697:
1664:
1192:
1160:
and Tang court was the entertainment music for banquets called
1085:
985:
922:
585:
284:
2145:"Music Bridges the Political Divide Between China and Taiwan"
2122:(2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. pp. 37–38.
1456:
1345:
901:
455:
344:
298:
188:
2633:
La classification en huit matériaux des instruments en Chine
2394:(4th ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 261–262.
1423:
1824:
court of China. This began to flourish even more after the
1715:('雅樂) are pronounced differently. The form and content of
1072:
was also used in outdoor activities, such as aristocratic
1982:
The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 2
1787:
1777:
928:
230:
167:
153:
2116:
Isabel Wong (1991). Bruno Nettl; Philip Bohlman (eds.).
1816:' (Nhã=雅, nhạc=樂). It was brought to Vietnam around the
2584:. State University of New York Press. pp. 35–36.
2161:
1719:
in these countries may differ in significant aspects.
1183:
was again in ascendancy with major development, and a
893:
372:
1219:
music such as melodies are still preserved in Korea.
129:
115:
101:
87:
2577:
2330:
2088:
2027:
International Handbook of Research in Arts Education
326:
1278:when the imperial period of China came to an end.
920:are still found in parts of East Asia, notably the
887:those used in Confucian rites. In a broader sense,
2387:
988:or religious traditions, as well as early Chinese
2276:
2229:. China Books & Periodicals. pp. 12–13.
1944:"Change and Continuity of Chinese Yayue in Korea"
2678:
2472:
2470:
2468:
1203:(樂書) by Chen Yang (陳暘). In 1116, a gift of 428
882:which he judged to be decadent and corrupting.
270:
256:
2604:
2357:
2283:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 7–9.
2068:. University of California Press. p. 85.
1909:
1156:. However, the dominant form of music in the
946:, however, preserved elements of Song dynasty
349:
2481:. Oxford University Press. pp. 118–121.
2476:
2465:
2023:
1762:, and a Chinese and South Asian form, called
1563:) – A rack of 16 hung stone tablets (usually
1398:The music is typically slow and stately, and
1253:A short excerpt of a historical recording of
849:
775:
57:
43:
2557:. Chinese University Press. pp. 39–40.
2523:
2444:
2417:
1937:
1935:
1933:
303:
289:
2652:. Hué̂ Monuments Conservation Center. 2004.
2115:
1941:
808:
2383:
2381:
2224:
1905:
1903:
1152:components of popular music were added to
782:
768:
393:
2504:
2413:
2411:
2337:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 61.
2142:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1930:
1339:) that performed in the courtyard called
1215:. As a result, elements of Song dynasty
976:, shortly after the latter's conquest of
837:, it formed the formal representation of
16:Form of classical Chinese music and dance
2611:. Brill Academic Pub. pp. 130–131.
2364:. Oxford University Press. p. 346.
2249:
2095:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 2.
1916:. Oxford University Press. p. 345.
1663:
1422:
1381:
1113:was said to prefer the popular music of
2378:
1900:
1820:and was mainly influenced later by the
1128:of the Zhou dynasty continued into the
813:'elegant music') was a form of
2679:
2500:
2498:
2408:
1968:
131:
1659:
1459:(古琴) – Seven-stringed fretless zither
1355:zithers) and aerophones (such as the
1088:. Some of these are preserved in the
1060:records a number of situations where
2495:
2303:
2196:
1873:List of Chinese musical instruments
1696:) during a Confucian ritual at the
1418:
1064:might be performed. These included
13:
2697:Classical and art music traditions
1311:era should be seen in this light.
1224:
14:
2708:
2530:. Semar Publishers. p. 131.
996:was also closely associated with
564:Nationalistic and patriotic songs
2388:Don Michael Randel, ed. (2003).
1602:) – A set of tuned metal slabs (
1265:Problems playing this file? See
1243:
2668:Goldsmith, University of London
2656:
2642:
2625:
2598:
2571:
2544:
2517:
2505:Cindy Sui (September 1, 2011).
2438:
2391:The Harvard Dictionary of Music
2351:
2324:
2297:
2277:Faye Chunfang Fei, ed. (2002).
2270:
2253:The Chinese Aesthetic Tradition
2243:
2218:
2190:
2155:
2136:
864:itself appeared in Confucius's
231:
210:
189:
168:
154:
2639:, XV N° 1–2, 1996, pp. 159–180
2507:"The Melodies of the Emperors"
2109:
2082:
2044:
2017:
2007:"The Analects – Wei Ling Gong"
1999:
1950:
1623:) – Ocarina made of baked clay
1599:
1591:
1560:
1552:
1503:
1495:
1478:(笛子) – Transverse bamboo flute
1314:
1136:, and the content and form of
804:
596:Three Principles of the People
373:
327:
271:
130:
116:
102:
88:
58:
44:
1:
2578:Joseph Sui Ching Lam (1998).
2331:Alan Robert Thrasher (2008).
2089:Alan Robert Thrasher (2008).
1894:
1469:
2227:The History of Chinese Dance
2143:Cindy Sui (April 20, 2010).
1756:and Manchurian form, called
1627:
1571:
1538:
1335:(登歌), and a larger one (the
1211:upon request by the Emperor
1179:becoming the new orthodoxy,
7:
1839:
1646:
1610:
1519:
1515:(篪) – Ancient Chinese flute
1450:
10:
2713:
2524:Keith Howard, ed. (2007).
1942:Chi Fengzhi (2005-06-28).
1801:
1797:
1775:
1726:
1437:Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
1415:(戚) in their right hands.
957:
953:
533:Midi Modern Music Festival
2687:Chinese traditional music
1958:"The Analects - Yang Huo"
1741:, and consists of native
1684:), and a clay pot called
1386:A dance performed at the
850:
586:Patriotic / Revolutionary
384:
366:
361:
357:
350:
343:
338:
320:
315:
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
278:
264:
250:
245:
224:
217:
203:
196:
182:
175:
161:
147:
140:
123:
109:
95:
81:
74:
69:
65:
51:
37:
32:
28:
23:
2664:"Vietnamese Court Music"
2605:Oliver J. Moore (2004).
2030:. Springer. p. 85.
1868:History of Chinese dance
1771:
1735:Japanese classical music
1722:
1405:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
1099:Spring and Autumn period
964:According to tradition,
960:History of Chinese dance
825:were established in the
552:China Record Corporation
39:Traditional Chinese
2358:Peter Fletcher (2004).
1910:Peter Fletcher (2004).
1567:) struck using a mallet
1375:(known collectively as
894:
591:March of the Volunteers
53:Simplified Chinese
2477:Frederick Lau (2007).
2024:Liora Bresler (2007).
1708:
1440:
1395:
1229:
980:. Incorporated within
972:under commission from
257:
2692:Chinese music history
2445:Keith Howard (2012).
2418:Keith Howard (2012).
1667:
1484:(簫) – End-blown flute
1426:
1385:
1327:, a smaller one (the
1239:in a Confucian ritual
1228:
958:Further information:
518:Media and performance
2011:Chinese Text Project
1962:Chinese Text Project
1733:Gagaku is a type of
950:long lost in China.
226:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
2225:Wang Kefen (1985).
1672:musicians striking
1596:traditional Chinese
1557:traditional Chinese
1500:traditional Chinese
1201:Collection of Music
1164:(燕樂), and the term
1111:Marquess Wen of Wei
968:was created by the
2554:Senses of the City
2149:The New York Times
2056:JaHyun Kim Haboush
1709:
1660:Yayue in East Asia
1588:simplified Chinese
1549:simplified Chinese
1492:simplified Chinese
1441:
1396:
1302:music ensemble in
1230:
874:was considered by
581:Historical anthems
2631:François Picard.
2250:Zehou Li (2009).
1390:in the Confucian
1296:Nanhua University
1294:music in 2009 by
1248:
1191:performances are
1076:contests, during
984:were elements of
841:political power.
811:
792:
791:
603:
602:
559:
558:
388:
387:
380:
379:
334:
333:
322:McCune–Reischauer
241:
240:
149:Yale Romanization
76:Standard Mandarin
2704:
2672:
2671:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2640:
2637:Études chinoises
2629:
2623:
2622:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2527:Music and Ritual
2521:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2474:
2463:
2462:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1977:
1966:
1965:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1928:
1927:
1907:
1786:is called '아악' (
1601:
1593:
1562:
1554:
1505:
1497:
1419:Instruments used
1250:
1249:
1227:
1213:Yejong of Goryeo
1177:Neo-Confucianism
897:
853:
852:
829:. Together with
812:
809:
806:
784:
777:
770:
570:
569:
524:
523:
397:
390:
389:
376:
375:
359:
358:
353:
352:
330:
329:
313:
312:
307:
306:
293:
292:
274:
273:
260:
237:
236:
235:
213:
212:
192:
191:
171:
170:
157:
156:
136:
135:
134:
119:
118:
105:
104:
91:
90:
67:
66:
61:
60:
47:
46:
21:
20:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2522:
2518:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2475:
2466:
2459:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2223:
2219:
2211:
2195:
2191:
2164:Ethnomusicology
2160:
2156:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2062:, eds. (2003).
2060:Joan R. Piggott
2049:
2045:
2038:
2022:
2018:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1979:
1978:
1969:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1940:
1931:
1924:
1908:
1901:
1897:
1842:
1828:through to the
1812:is pronounced '
1806:
1800:
1780:
1774:
1746:religious music
1731:
1725:
1662:
1649:
1630:
1613:
1574:
1541:
1522:
1472:
1453:
1439:, dated 433 BC.
1421:
1394:temple in Korea
1317:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1231:
1225:
1209:Emperor Huizong
974:King Wu of Zhou
962:
956:
815:classical music
788:
573:National anthem
527:Music festivals
417:
246:Vietnamese name
97:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
17:
12:
11:
5:
2710:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2674:
2673:
2655:
2641:
2624:
2618:978-9004139374
2617:
2597:
2591:978-0791437063
2590:
2570:
2563:
2543:
2537:978-8877780867
2536:
2516:
2494:
2488:978-0195301243
2487:
2479:Music in China
2464:
2458:978-1409439073
2457:
2437:
2431:978-1409439073
2430:
2407:
2401:978-0674011632
2400:
2377:
2371:978-0195175073
2370:
2350:
2344:978-9004165007
2343:
2323:
2316:
2310:. p. 15.
2296:
2290:978-0472089239
2289:
2269:
2263:978-0824833077
2262:
2242:
2236:978-0835111867
2235:
2217:
2209:
2189:
2176:10.2307/850057
2154:
2135:
2129:978-0226574097
2128:
2108:
2102:978-9004165007
2101:
2081:
2075:978-0520231382
2074:
2043:
2037:978-1402029981
2036:
2016:
1998:
1992:978-0415994040
1991:
1967:
1949:
1929:
1923:978-0195175073
1922:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1878:Music of China
1875:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1854:
1852:Dance in China
1849:
1841:
1838:
1830:Nguyễn dynasty
1802:Main article:
1799:
1796:
1776:Main article:
1773:
1770:
1727:Main article:
1724:
1721:
1690:(derived from
1678:(derived from
1661:
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1637:
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1234:
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1223:
1222:
1221:
1199:(儀禮經傳通解) and
955:
952:
942:. The Korean
932:in Korea, and
790:
789:
787:
786:
779:
772:
764:
761:
760:
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748:
743:
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723:
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693:
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683:
681:Inner Mongolia
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
610:
609:
608:Regional music
605:
604:
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593:
588:
583:
575:
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566:
565:
561:
560:
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547:Radio stations
541:
540:
536:
535:
529:
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520:
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498:
497:Specific forms
494:
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432:
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422:General topics
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403:Music of China
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362:Transcriptions
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142:Yue: Cantonese
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70:Transcriptions
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2564:9789629967864
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2327:
2319:
2317:9789570512731
2313:
2309:
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2210:9789570512731
2206:
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1887:
1884:
1883:Nanguan music
1881:
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1874:
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1846:Beiguan music
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1388:Jongmyo jerye
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1091:Book of Songs
1087:
1083:
1079:
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1063:
1059:
1058:
1057:Book of Rites
1052:
1050:
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1038:
1034:
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1027:
1023:
1019:
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1011:
1010:Yunmen Dajuan
1007:
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339:Japanese name
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42:
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36:
31:
27:
22:
19:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2644:
2627:
2607:
2600:
2580:
2573:
2553:
2546:
2526:
2519:
2511:Taiwan Today
2510:
2478:
2447:
2440:
2420:
2390:
2360:
2353:
2333:
2326:
2306:
2304:許之衡 (1968).
2299:
2279:
2272:
2252:
2245:
2226:
2220:
2199:
2197:許之衡 (1968).
2192:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2148:
2138:
2118:
2111:
2091:
2084:
2064:
2046:
2026:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1981:
1961:
1952:
1912:
1889:Taoist music
1822:Ming dynasty
1818:Song dynasty
1809:
1808:In Vietnam,
1807:
1792:Song dynasty
1783:
1781:
1763:
1757:
1738:
1732:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1702:Sungkyunkwan
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1655:– (鼓) – Drum
1604:metallophone
1443:
1442:
1429:bronze bells
1408:
1397:
1376:
1373:stone chimes
1369:bronze bells
1363:flutes, and
1350:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:yin and yang
1320:
1318:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1276:Qing dynasty
1273:
1264:
1254:
1236:
1216:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1173:Song dynasty
1170:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1150:Tang dynasty
1145:
1141:
1137:
1125:
1124:Much of the
1123:
1102:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:music, each
997:
981:
970:Duke of Zhou
965:
963:
947:
943:
939:
933:
927:
921:
917:
913:
909:
907:
900:
892:
888:
883:
871:
865:
861:
855:
845:
843:
839:aristocratic
827:Western Zhou
822:
795:
794:
793:
656:Heilongjiang
509:
505:Taoist music
368:Romanization
234:N-ɢˤraʔˤrawk
177:Southern Min
83:Hanyu Pinyin
33:Chinese name
18:
2451:. Ashgate.
2424:. Ashgate.
2170:(1): 1–29.
1782:In Korean,
1675:pyeongyeong
1435:) from the
1315:Performance
1171:During the
1134:Han dynasty
1130:Qin dynasty
986:shamanistic
860:. The term
539:Music media
479:Heavy metal
468:Hokkien pop
430:Instruments
279:Korean name
219:Old Chinese
155:ngáah-ngohk
2681:Categories
2052:Dorothy Ko
1895:References
1826:Lê dynasty
1750:folk music
1470:Bamboo (竹)
1400:monophonic
1319:The court
1267:media help
1066:ceremonies
990:folk music
926:in Japan,
908:The court
435:Musicology
252:Vietnamese
211:ngǽ-ngæ̀wk
111:Wade–Giles
1628:Gourd (匏)
1584:Fāngxiǎng
1578:Biānzhōng
1572:Metal (金)
1539:Stone (石)
1508:Pan pipes
1433:Bianzhong
1413:battleaxe
1107:Confucius
1101:, so did
876:Confucius
844:The word
711:Northeast
666:Hong Kong
631:Guangdong
440:Orchestra
169:ngaa-ngok
1840:See also
1814:Nhã nhạc
1804:Nhã nhạc
1759:komagaku
1754:Goguryeo
1700:Shrine,
1681:bianqing
1647:Hide (革)
1611:Clay (土)
1565:Nephrite
1545:Biānqìng
1520:Wood (木)
1451:Silk (絲)
1365:panpipes
1341:gongxian
1024:(大磬, or
1012:(雲門大卷),
935:nhã nhạc
870:, where
867:Analects
756:Zhejiang
746:Xinjiang
721:Shandong
701:Liaoning
464:Mandopop
460:Cantopop
413:Timeline
258:nhã nhạc
190:ngá-ga̍k
163:Jyutping
1798:Vietnam
1707:, Seoul
1668:Korean
1488:Páixiāo
1427:Set of
1392:Jongmyo
1377:yuexuan
1304:Beijing
1175:, with
1078:hunting
1074:archery
1039:), and
954:History
905:music.
857:Shijing
801:Chinese
736:Sichuan
726:Shaanxi
716:Qinghai
691:Jiangxi
686:Jiangsu
641:Guizhou
636:Guangxi
484:Hip hop
266:Hán-Nôm
117:ya-yüeh
103:yeayueh
2615:
2588:
2561:
2534:
2485:
2455:
2428:
2398:
2368:
2341:
2314:
2307:中國音樂小史
2287:
2260:
2233:
2207:
2200:中國音樂小史
2184:850057
2182:
2126:
2099:
2072:
2034:
1989:
1920:
1862:Guoyue
1857:Dangak
1765:togaku
1743:Shinto
1729:gagaku
1705:seowon
1698:Munmyo
1598::
1590::
1559::
1551::
1502::
1494::
1333:dengge
1193:Zhu Xi
1162:yanyue
1142:dengge
1086:lyrics
1043:(大濩),
1026:Dashao
1022:Daqing
1014:Daxian
923:gagaku
803::
751:Yunnan
731:Shanxi
646:Hainan
621:Fujian
448:Genres
374:gagaku
285:Hangul
184:Tâi-lô
2180:JSTOR
1810:Yayue
1784:Yayue
1772:Korea
1739:yayue
1723:Japan
1717:yayue
1713:yayue
1634:Shēng
1457:Gǔqín
1444:Yayue
1321:yayue
1308:yayue
1300:yayue
1292:yayue
1288:yayue
1284:yayue
1280:Yayue
1255:yayue
1237:Yayue
1217:yayue
1205:yayue
1189:yayue
1185:yayue
1181:yayue
1166:yayue
1154:yayue
1146:yayue
1144:) in
1138:yayue
1126:yayue
1119:Zheng
1103:yayue
1082:Yayue
1070:Yayue
1062:yayue
1033:Daxia
1006:yayue
1002:yayue
998:yayue
994:Dance
982:yayue
978:Shang
966:yayue
948:yayue
940:yayue
918:yayue
914:yayue
910:yayue
895:suyue
889:yayue
884:Yayue
880:Zheng
872:yayue
862:yayue
835:rites
823:yayue
819:dance
796:Yayue
741:Tibet
706:Macau
696:Jilin
676:Hubei
671:Hunan
661:Henan
651:Hebei
626:Gansu
616:Anhui
510:Yayue
489:Opera
456:C-pop
345:Kanji
299:Hanja
89:yǎyuè
24:Yayue
2613:ISBN
2586:ISBN
2559:ISBN
2532:ISBN
2483:ISBN
2453:ISBN
2426:ISBN
2396:ISBN
2366:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2312:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2258:ISBN
2231:ISBN
2205:ISBN
2124:ISBN
2097:ISBN
2070:ISBN
2032:ISBN
1987:ISBN
1918:ISBN
1885:(南管)
1864:(國樂)
1848:(北管)
1752:, a
1748:and
1506:) –
1482:Xiāo
1476:Dízi
1371:and
1361:xiao
1359:and
1357:dizi
1349:and
1337:yang
1117:and
1054:The
1045:Dawu
1041:Dahu
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