567:
1317:
1313:, putting together a competent team to choose the most representative repertoire and creative backbone to do so. China took part in seven World Youth Festivals consecutively during the course of the 14-year period from the second World Youth Festival in 1949 to the eighth World Youth Festival in 1962. Each festival's Chinese art Troupe performances feature fresh highlights that showcase the globe the distinctive charm of New China's music while fervently advancing literature, art, and people's diplomacy.
23:
1392:(琵琶), with Western orchestral instruments (see the external link section). At the same time, the boundary of music research is continually expanding, and it naturally interacts with and exchanges ideas with other social humanities disciplines, improving the meaning of musicology and raising that subject's status.
473:(a traditional instrument) all of the dotted positions are equal string length divisions related to the open string like 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, 1/4, 3/4, etc. and are quite easy to recognize on this instrument. The Guqin has a scale of 13 positions all representing a natural harmonic position related to the open string.
1289:, He Luting wrote this piece for a composition competition in Shanghai. A recording of this music is shared as an external link for readers to get a feeling of this style (see the external link section). An example shows how important the piano, a Western instrument, is for modern Chinese music that during the
687:
era, Chinese music was closely influenced by and influenced other cultures. In the ancient period, music was often associated with various factors, such as singing and dancing. It was a comprehensive art form, conveying themes including production, sacrifice, and anticipation for a better life. After
1308:
Chinese musical creations during the founding years of the People's
Republic of China, from 1949 to 1976, continue to serve the political utilitarian purpose, yet have new advancements due to a unified China. Institutional change gave academic research a rather stable atmosphere, Chinese music was
1068:
is a comprehensive variety of art combining foreign and local arts, and it has a long production history, which absorbed the essence of
Chinese song, dance, and drama in its development to form a unique artistic style. In Kabuki, the performers often use some techniques from opera, such as makeup,
570:
How the scales are produced: Start with a fundamental frequency. (440 hertz is used here.) Apply the ratios to make the first column. Copy the second and all further elements in this column to the respective heads of the other eleven columns. Apply the ratios to make the second through the twelfth
1375:
international new literary trend, and how to apply the academic vision to the global field of music theory research. Since then, tremendous changes have taken place in the academic vision of musicology research in China, and new methods and achievements of musicology research in foreign countries
1362:
The next period was marked by the reform and opening up that ushered in a significant turning point for
Chinese music. It is when China and foreigners frequently interacted with each other; it can be called the "new traditional" music period of China. We can divide the academic music research in
1021:
also absorbed elements of ancient
Chinese music, and their similarities largely contributed to the fusion and exchange of musical styles between the two countries. However, Korean folk music also retains its inherent national characteristics, giving it a unique charm in musical style.
1379:
After this, the academic outlook on musicology research in China has significantly changed, and the music community is now concentrating on cutting-edge techniques and international musicology research accomplishments. As an example of this time period, in 2000, composer
1225:
The twentieth century saw numerous successes and challenges for
Chinese music due to people's changing perceptions of music culture. Modern Chinese music during and after this age not only relied on traditional Chinese music but also absorbed the advantages and skills of
1270:, music made great progress under the strong drive of political utilitarian purpose. People call for "national salvation", in the face of this politics, all social resources should be unreservedly for the service. This notion of music criticism is condensed in Chairman
768:, music culture was improved unprecedentedly. The court collected and organized the existing music, established a musical hierarchy based on application, built music institutions, and conducted musical education. For the first time in China, a system of "
571:
columns. So doing produces 144 frequencies (with some duplications). From each column five different selections of non-adjacent frequencies can be made. (See the colored blocks at the far left.) So each column can produce 60 different pentatonic scales.
643:
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772:" (雅乐) was established for rituals and ceremonies. At the same time, the Zhou emperors and the noble class incorporated foreign music into sacrificial ceremonies and feast performances. This promoted the inflow of music from surrounding areas.
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1251:. Most of the content was taught orally and via rote practice. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the introduction of western music theory and instruments also influenced how traditional music is taught. The National Music Conservatory (the
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open to the whole society, and the whole society had access to all kinds of musical sources. During this time, Chinese music started to slowly gain popularity outside. For instance, New China places a high value on participating in the
1238:
In the early 20th century, Chinese and
Western music cultures slowly merged, driven by the external forces of art, to create a new style of Chinese music that was based on both cultures. Then, it was not until March 2, 1930, when the
699:
Due to the restriction of China's geographical location, social development, and other conditions, music communication with the outside world first occurred in the east, south, and west of China. Early exchanges occurred among the
1366:
A significant point in this period is the meeting "Forum of Young and middle-aged music
Theorists" held in 1986, which was an excellent discussion of liberating the mind and pioneering the Chinese musicology circle after the
1274:'s Speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art, published in May 1942. This work is also the most important work of music criticism and music practice from the early to long period after the formation of New China.
696:, the class division produced an occupational division of labor, and the initial stage of professional musicians appeared. Music was also used as a technique for the ruling class to show their power and social status.
1246:
One main change in the early 20th century happens in music education. In the pre-revolutionary ages, musicians did not have a high social status and they did not have a formal, standard way of training due to the
1328:
is another great advancement. Ensembles are not new in
Chinese music history, as large-scale ensembles are often used in important rituals or at the court. However, the Chinese orchestra based on the
993:
Dynasties, China had extensive musical interaction with the world. During this period, the
Chinese brought their own music to the world and drew inspiration from foreign music. During the
1255:
today) was founded in 1927, and soon became a role model for other music programs in China. The conservatory introduced a systematic way of training in
Chinese music, including using
1230:. Chinese people's attitudes toward music have altered throughout this age of communication and integration, and the general public acknowledges its worth and spiritual significance.
1338:(江南丝竹) ensembles and to compose music for each specific section. His idea was not popular in his time, but it laid the foundation for the modern Chinese orchestra. Different from
918:
to the south; and frequent wars, regime changes, internal migration of ethnic minorities in the North. The political and social turmoil significantly accelerated the decline of "
906:
dynasties and the deepening of the relationship between different ethnic groups provided favorable conditions for the further integration of music culture. From the fall of the
528:羽. By starting from a different point of this sequence, a scale (named after its starting note) with a different interval sequence is created, similar to the construction of
429:. This discipline has a very long history. Traditional Chinese music can be traced back to around 8,000 years ago during the Neolithic age. The concept of music, called 乐 (
453:(lost during the Han dynasty). Chinese music has always been interacting with different cultures throughout its long history, dating back to the Xia and Shang dynasties.
1142:
knowledge in Chinese literature. These two books explained European music's fundamental theories and practical techniques in an in-depth, easy-to-understand manner.
1138:
period, two books, "Lv Lv Zuan Yao" (律吕纂要) written by Xu Risheng and "Lv Lv Zheng Yi – Continuation," (律吕正义·续编) became the earliest formal introduction of European
447:), stands among the oldest categories of Chinese thought; however, in the known sources, it does not receive a fairly clear definition until the writing of the
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incorporated various foreign music, such as Indian, Korean, and Middle Eastern music, into its court music. During that period, there was immigration to the
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922:" and the cultural exchanges between the Han nationality and other ethnic groups inside and outside China, especially in the Western regions, including
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1205:. This instrument gained widespread acceptance and popularity in Europe and quickly led to the invention of three new, more popular instruments: the
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will occupy a different point in the scale. The effect of changing the starting point of a song can be rather like the effect of shifting from a
57:
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In the same period, while the politicians were making manifestos, musicians started to write Chinese music for western music instruments. Take
1243:" was founded and its corresponding music criticism and music social activities, that the development of Chinese music entered the next stage.
1179:, who came to China in the latter half of the 18th century, also made significant contributions to Chinese music. He introduced Chinese
563:, based on 2:3 ratios (8:9, 16:27, 64:81, etc.), are a western near-parallel to the earlier calculations used to derive Chinese scales.
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model first appeared in the 20th century, as the Shanghai-based musician Zheng Zhiwen's attempt to enlarge the size of traditional
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973:, these countries also sent oversea students and diplomats to China to bring back advanced music knowledge and other culture.
480:), meaning twelve lǜ, from which various sets of five or seven frequencies were selected to make the sort of "do re mi" major
1384:(谭盾) wrote the famous music piece Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon (卧虎藏龙), which mixed traditional Chinese instruments, such as
839:(today's India) around the 1st century AD (Han dynasty). In the following centuries, religious believers often incorporated
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introduced Chinese music to Europe and European music to China. Because of their profound musical attainments, the Western
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and Europe and wrote many articles explaining this knowledge in detail. In particular, he translated the Chinese scholar
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costumes, and postures, all of which reflect the importance of Chinese culture in Kabuki. In conclusion, Chinese music,
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wrote a piece for piano called "A Shepherd’s Flute," which later became famous internationally. As a student at the
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approximate the frequencies known in the West as the chromatic scale, from A, then B-flat, through to G and A-flat.
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China over this time into three stages: Chinese vision, global vision, and global vision under the Chinese vision.
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825:
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when most Western music instruments were banned, the piano was among the allowed instruments for the so-called "
1169:. Over time, these instruments gained popularity in court and society, becoming a vital part of musical events.
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1252:
716:, China had a vast territory and prosperous economy, which laid the foundation for music communication between
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traditional Chinese music of traditional ensembles, most pieces composed for a modern Chinese orchestra are
1217:. The invention of these three instruments brought new elements and techniques to European musical culture.
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1191:'s "Interpretation of Ancient Chinese Music Classics," (古乐经传) which aroused great interest among the
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744:, there were local noble children coming from neighboring regions to study, and the content includes
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nearest to A will not necessarily sound the same as playing the same melody starting from some other
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refers to the music of palace parties in East Asia. A large portion of Yan's music, which includes
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could play various Western musical instruments and had an in-depth study and understanding of
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Chinese musical culture interacted with European musical culture through the efforts of the
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820:(箜篌) were imported. One of the representative works of national cultural exchange is the
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1198:
1077:'s cultural development and promoted the exchange and integration of the two cultures.
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pioneers in Europe at the time and brought more people to the field of Chinese music.
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content into folk music to appeal to their followers and propagate their teachings.
792:(匈奴) in the north and music exchanges with the Western regions. For example, in the
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Putting the highlighted scales from the above image into musical notation gives:
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to form the trumpeting music of early China. New instruments such as the Qiang
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The ancient Chinese defined, by mathematical means, a gamut or series of 十二律 (
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1496:明言 (Ming, Yan). "百年奏鸣——20世纪中国音乐历史研究的若干问题." Edited by 黄钟 (Zhong Huang).
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had reached a significant level. However, "Yayue" was not revived in
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art form and developed a unique form of musical performance called "
832:," (箜篌引) which originated in Korea (see the external link section).
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Music in China : Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture
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dynasty, a large number of European envoys to China brought
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to China in an entire and systematical manner. During the
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1104:(康熙) both trusted and valued the learning of the Western
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
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music were further integrated with the Han music of the
1402:陈应时 (Chen Yingshi, Shanghai Conservatory). "一种体系 两个系统
1025:
Among the many Chinese instruments introduced to the
828:(胡笳十八拍). In addition, the Han music bureau recorded "
997:, Chinese emperors presented musical instruments of
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in the northwest was combined with the music of the
1119:learned music theory and other knowledge from many
1073:, dance, and other art forms profoundly influenced
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Interactions with the world before the 20th century
1259:and building a universal standard for scoring and
1221:Interactions with the world after the 20th century
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1605:
1346:. More importantly, after the foundation of the
854:in the northwest to migrate south. As a result,
484:familiar to those who have been formed with the
1546:李岩松 (Li, Yansong). "论新中国成立初期中国音乐文化对外交流的特点及作用."
1053:." (クミヲゥドゥイ) This performance form is based on
1376:have become the focus of the music community.
1357:
914:, there were migration of Han people from the
1017:for some reason. In addition, ancient Korean
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1301:After People's Republic of China and Before
1592:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5N4cDt3Ukrg
1564:王次炤 (Wang, Cizhao). "音乐学的历史地位和中国音乐学的未来发展."
850:, the turbulence of history stimulated the
539:tuning, playing a melody starting from the
1518:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
1281:for example, in 1934 the Chinese composer
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396:
21:
1598:https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=S5AjtMNnWf0
1530:乔建中 (Qiao, Jianzhong). "论中国音乐学百年来之三大阶段."
1315:
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559:in Western music. The scalar tunings of
1588:Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute (胡笳十八拍)
1234:Before People's Republic of China (PRC)
893:
1606:
835:Buddhism was introduced to China from
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788:dynasties had frequent contacts with
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425:is the academic study of traditional
1600:Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon (卧虎藏龙)
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1581:More details and recorded examples.
535:Since the Chinese system is not an
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1574:
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1130:introduced European knowledge of
878:(腰鼓), Capricorn drum (羯鼓), Gong,
192:Nationalistic and patriotic songs
1404:Yi zhong ti-xi, liang ge xi-tong
1037:but was also copied and made by
886:(五弦琵琶) were introduced into the
1320:A Chinese orchestra in Edmonton
1057:'s music, combines elements of
826:Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute
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1253:Shanghai Conservatory of Music
977:Yuan and Ming and Qing dynasty
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224:Three Principles of the People
1:
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1266:From 1930 to the founding of
1172:At the same time, the French
937:A particular category called
708:, southwestern, and northern
1586:https://youtu.be/bIWh1MHqTeQ
910:to the establishment of the
683:After being invented in the
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1358:After Reform and Opening Up
1287:National Music Conservatory
1241:League of Left-Wing Writers
969:. Influenced deeply by the
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500:Most Chinese music uses a
161:Midi Modern Music Festival
1480:. Beijing: 人民音乐出版社, 1981.
1454:. Beijing: 人民音乐出版社, 2013.
764:and China began to enter
532:in modern Western music.
486:Western Standard notation
214:Patriotic / Revolutionary
874:. Instruments including
180:China Record Corporation
1594:The Song of Harps (箜篌引)
1550:, no. 4 (2012): 146–49.
898:The unification of the
816:(笳), the Jiao (角), the
728:, and other countries.
670:download the audio file
650:download the audio file
630:download the audio file
610:download the audio file
590:download the audio file
219:March of the Volunteers
1534:, no. 5 (2019): 35–39.
1321:
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465:were derived from the
1568:, no. 4 (2019): 7–13.
1500:, no. 4 (2004): 4–10.
1369:reform and opening up
1324:The invention of the
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1303:Reform and Opening Up
934:, and ancient India.
732:Xia and Shang dynasty
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146:Media and performance
1476:杨荫浏 (Yang, Yinliu).
1311:World Youth Festival
894:Sui and Tang dynasty
846:From the end of the
1619:Philosophy of music
1450:冯文慈 (Feng, Wenci).
1408:Musicology in China
1291:Cultural Revolution
1153:. During the early
908:Eastern Han dynasty
848:Western Han dynasty
796:, the music of the
776:Qin and Han dynasty
1634:Chinese philosophy
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1249:Confucian ideology
1183:systematically to
1177:Joseph-Marie Amiot
1080:In China, Western
1045:also absorbed the
947:instrumental music
884:Five-stringed pipa
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496:Scale and tonality
423:Chinese musicology
209:Historical anthems
1330:Western orchestra
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1043:Ryukyu Kingdom
1035:Ryukyu Kingdom
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1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1452:中外音乐交流史：先秦～清末
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1414:(4): 109–116.
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:printed music
1254:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1231:
1229:
1228:Western music
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1193:Enlightenment
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1108:, especially
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:Chinese opera
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
920:elegant music
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
773:
771:
767:
763:
762:Shang dynasty
760:replaced the
759:
749:
747:
743:
742:Shang dynasty
739:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
697:
695:
691:
690:slave society
686:
671:
661:
660:
651:
641:
640:
631:
621:
620:
611:
601:
600:
591:
581:
580:
576:
568:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:wolf interval
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
454:
452:
451:
446:
440:
432:
428:
427:Chinese music
424:
413:
408:
406:
401:
399:
394:
393:
391:
390:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
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345:
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335:
332:
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320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
240:
239:
235:
234:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
205:
204:
200:
199:
196:
195:
191:
190:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
171:
170:
166:
165:
162:
159:
158:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
144:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
128:
124:
123:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
75:
74:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
54:
53:
49:
48:
42:
39:
38:
36:
35:
32:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
1565:
1547:
1531:
1515:
1497:
1477:
1451:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1378:
1373:contemporary
1365:
1361:
1333:
1323:
1307:
1276:
1265:
1245:
1237:
1224:
1197:
1181:music theory
1171:
1151:missionaries
1144:
1140:music theory
1132:music theory
1128:missionaries
1124:missionaries
1114:
1106:missionaries
1092:. The early
1090:music theory
1086:missionaries
1082:missionaries
1079:
1063:
1024:
1001:(雅乐) to the
995:Ming dynasty
980:
959:Tang dynasty
936:
928:Central Asia
897:
882:(曲项琵琶), and
880:Quxiang pipa
845:
834:
779:
758:Zhou dynasty
755:
752:Zhou dynasty
746:martial arts
735:
712:. After the
698:
682:
658:
657:
638:
637:
618:
617:
598:
597:
578:
577:
574:
547:, since the
544:
540:
534:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
499:
489:
475:
460:
457:Music scales
448:
442:
422:
421:
284:Heilongjiang
133:Taoist music
62:
15:
1295:Model opera
1163:clavichords
1159:pipe organs
981:During the
943:vocal music
912:Sui dynasty
802:Han dynasty
794:Han dynasty
748:and music.
738:Xia dynasty
736:During the
726:Middle East
714:Han dynasty
599:Shang scale
167:Music media
107:Heavy metal
96:Hokkien pop
58:Instruments
1624:Musicology
1608:Categories
1420:References
1344:polyphonic
1340:monophonic
1272:Mao Zedong
1215:reed organ
1213:, and the
1189:Li Guangdi
1174:missionary
1064:In Japan,
1051:kumi odori
1019:folk music
876:Waist drum
812:(琵琶), the
808:(羌笛), the
710:minorities
619:Gong scale
561:Pythagoras
461:The first
63:Musicology
1388:(二胡) and
1283:He Luting
1211:accordion
1207:harmonica
1100:(顺治) and
1096:emperors
939:Yan music
932:West Asia
659:Zhi scale
639:Jue scale
557:minor key
488:. The 12
478:Shí-èr-lǜ
469:. On the
339:Northeast
294:Hong Kong
259:Guangdong
68:Orchestra
1498:武汉音乐学院学报
1478:中国古代音乐史稿
1167:tributes
1126:. These
1121:Catholic
1039:Japanese
924:Xinjiang
841:Buddhist
702:Japanese
579:Yu scale
384:Zhejiang
374:Xinjiang
349:Shandong
329:Liaoning
92:Mandopop
88:Cantopop
41:Timeline
1396:Sources
1382:Dun Tan
1098:Shunzhi
1055:Sanshin
1031:Sanshin
860:Xiliang
856:Xianbei
837:Tianzhu
818:Konghou
790:Xiongnu
756:As the
692:from a
685:pre-Qin
431:Chinese
364:Sichuan
354:Shaanxi
344:Qinghai
319:Jiangxi
314:Jiangsu
269:Guizhou
264:Guangxi
112:Hip hop
1261:tuning
1209:, the
1185:France
1136:Kangxi
1110:Kangxi
1102:Kangxi
1066:Kabuki
1059:poetry
1029:, the
1027:Ryukyu
1015:Joseon
1007:Joseon
1003:Goryeo
989:, and
953:, and
868:Goryeo
866:, and
724:, the
706:Korean
524:徵 and
441::
439:pinyin
433::
379:Yunnan
359:Shanxi
274:Hainan
249:Fujian
76:Genres
1548:学习与探索
1279:piano
1203:Amiot
1199:Sheng
1075:Japan
1071:opera
1011:Korea
999:Yayue
967:Japan
955:opera
951:dance
864:Qiuzi
824:song
822:Guqin
806:flute
770:Yayue
722:India
718:China
555:to a
553:major
530:modes
514:shāng
482:scale
471:Guqin
369:Tibet
334:Macau
324:Jilin
304:Hubei
299:Hunan
289:Henan
279:Hebei
254:Gansu
244:Anhui
138:Yayue
117:Opera
84:C-pop
1566:音乐研究
1532:音乐研究
1412:2002
1390:Pipa
1386:Erhu
1161:and
1155:Qing
1115:The
1094:Qing
1005:and
991:Qing
987:Ming
983:Yuan
965:and
904:Tang
902:and
810:Pipa
784:and
780:The
720:and
510:gōng
102:Rock
1406:".
1348:PRC
1268:PRC
900:Sui
814:Jia
786:Han
782:Qin
522:zhǐ
520:角,
518:jué
516:商,
512:宫,
444:yuè
86:: (
1610::
1555:^
1539:^
1523:^
1505:^
1485:^
1459:^
1427:^
1410:.
1263:.
985:,
949:,
945:,
930:,
926:,
890:.
862:,
858:,
704:,
545:lǜ
541:lǜ
526:yǔ
506:lǜ
490:lü
437:;
94:,
90:,
1239:"
672:.
652:.
632:.
612:.
592:.
435:樂
411:e
404:t
397:v
98:)
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