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builds the economic, spiritual and intellectual liberation of socially oppressed peoples as fulfillment of the kingdom of God. The liberating praxis, then, has its basis in the love that God manifests for us and in the sense of solidarity and fellowship that should exist in interpersonal relationships among the children of God. These are concepts that Gutiérrez developed in concert with education activist/philosopher
623:." Gutiérrez focused his efforts on the rediscovery of love thy neighbor as the central axiom of Christian life. He felt the European theology he had studied did not reflect the oppressive material conditions in Latin America. In 2003, Gutiérrez reminisced that his "parishioners in Lima would... teach me volumes about hope in the midst of suffering". This relationship with Christianity would inspire his book
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772:, the former Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. On the subject of Gustavo Gutiérrez's thought, of which he was a student, Müller stated: "The theology of Gustavo Gutiérrez, how it is considered, is orthodox because it is orthopractic and teaches us the correct Christian way of acting, since it derives from authentic faith." On Gutiérrez's 90th birthday, in 2018,
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time, of fighting for life." He simultaneously emphasizes that poverty is the result of flawed social institutions. While many theologians oversimplify poverty's social roots, for Gutiérrez the origin of poverty is much more complex. In Latin
America, it originates from the times of the conquest and to that is added several political, geographical, and personal factors.
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651:. To Gutiérrez, the source of the problems of Latin America was the sin manifested in an unjust social structure. His solution to this problem was to emphasize the dignity of the poor by prioritizing the glory of God present in them. This perspective would be refined over the next three years, until Gutiérrez published
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wherein one hungers for bread and for God. It is only through the manifestation of a committed faith that the purposes of God can be manifested to man, regardless of the color or social class under which he was born. Liberation theology insists on prioritizing the gift of life as the supreme manifestation of God.
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Gutiérrez asserts that his understanding of poverty as a "scandalous state" is reflected in Luke's beatitude "Blessed are you poor, for the kingdom of God is yours", whereas his interpretation of it as "spiritual childhood" has precedent in
Matthew's verse, "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs
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Liberation theology was intended as a call to all believers in Latin
America to act on the biblical commitment to the poor. Gutiérrez's message on material and economic conditions serves to place inequality in both religious and political discourse. Gutiérrez's thought has influenced theology, both
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Gutiérrez is an influential figure within 20th century theology, and responses to his work have been polarized. Arthur McGovern identifies liberation theology as an anomaly within theologian fields, arguing that theology discourse is generally limited to academic circles. He argues that Gutiérrez's
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asked
Peruvian bishops to examine Gutiérrez's writings, voicing concerns that Gutierrez's arguments embodied a concerning "idealization of faith". As a result, he and liberation theology were the subjects of 36-page Vatican report, which declared Marxism to be incompatible with Catholic teachings.
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talk. Jerónimo had been invited for the first time by
Marimichi. He went to Córdoba very happy, this having been the first time the Priests invited him. The next day Jerónimo came back home. I asked him what happened, and he answered "Gustavo didn't want to start if I was in the room", without
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Theological reflection on liberation extends beyond a simple discourse lacking in practical and concrete implications. Reflection on the situation of the poor leads to what liberation theologians call "liberating praxis", where they attempt to rectify the process by which the faith of the Church
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Gutiérrez calls for understanding the reality of the poor, and contends that being poor is not simply lacking the economic resources for development. On the contrary, Gutiérrez understands poverty as "a way of living, of thinking, of loving, of praying, of believing and waiting, of spending free
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thus emerged as a biblical analysis of poverty. Gutiérrez distinguished two forms of poverty: a "scandalous state" and a "spiritual childhood." He noted that, while the former is abhorred by God, the second is valued. Gutiérrez identified that each form of poverty was present in Latin
America,
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called me, and I reminded him of that incident, and he replied that he remembered because I had already told him back when he was still our
Cardinal Bergoglio. Gustavo, if liberation theology leads us to judge our brothers, we would have to liberate ourselves from that theology.
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thanked him for his contributions "to the church and humanity through your theological service and your preferential love for the poor and discarded of society." While Gutiérrez's positions were never censored by the Church, he had been asked to modify some of his propositions.
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as an adolescent and was frequently bed-ridden. He had to use a wheelchair from age 12 to 18. However, he describes this time as a formative experience, claiming it instilled the value of hope through prayer and the love of family in friends. Gutierrez lived in
726:, and makes us enjoy freedom. To die and be resurrected with Christ is to overcome death and enter into a new life. The cross and the resurrection seal our freedom." The freedom of Christ is seen by Gutiérrez as the source of spiritual and economic freedom.
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An outline of Gutiérrez's theological proposal was drafted in his conference "Towards a
Theology of Liberation" during the Second Meeting of Priests and Laity in Chimbote, Peru, between 21 and 25 July 1968. In this proposal, he cites on multiple occasions
97:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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printed full-scale advertisements warning readers of a potential communist state in Mexico, arguing that "liberation theology… install
Communism in the name of Christianity" and encourage acts of terrorism.
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incarnation of Christ. To Gutiérrez, the ministry of Christ among the rejected and despised of his time is a clear example for the contemporary Church. Furthermore, "the incarnation is an act of love.
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447:. The Institute, in its mission statement, aims to use theology as a means of addressing contemporary social issues and educating through research, engagement with lawmakers, and collaboration with
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hiding any pain. I thought, "liberation
Theology, what liberation did he offer?" The clerical liberation of false values? And I pitied you. I know you also behaved the same way towards
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echoed the concerns of conservative bishops over Gutiérrez's theological arguments, requesting that Peruvian clergymen report his activities and spearheading a Vatican inquiry.
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565:. His time in Europe influenced Gutiérrez to discuss the openness of the Church to the contemporary world. He was also influenced by Protestant theologians such as
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by the French government for his tireless work. In 2000, Brown University awarded Gutiérrez an honorary Doctor of Divinity. In 2002, Gutiérrez was elected to the
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549:, Christian Ducoq, and several others. It was also here where Gutiérrez was introduced to the Dominican and Jesuit ideologies, and was influenced by the work of
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on Earth. In this way, his methodology is often critical of the social and economic injustice he believes to be responsible for poverty in Latin America and the
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While studying in Europe, Gutiérrez was exposed to other, non-religious thinkers who had a profound impact on his ideology and the eventual formation of
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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969:, 15th anniversary ed., trans. Caridad Inda and John Eagleson (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988; 1st ed., Maryknoll: Orbis, 1973). Originally published as
2022:(2002). "Las Casas as Theological Counteroffensive: An Interpretation of Gustavo Gutiérrez's Las Casas: In Search of the Poor of Jesus Christ".
619:. He states: "I come from a continent in which more than 60% of the population lives in a state of poverty, and 82% of those find themselves in
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Botella Cubells, Vicente (8 de noviembre de 2011)). «Gustavo Gutiérrez, padre de la Teología de la Liberación». Facultad de Teología. Valencia.
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When he returned to Peru, Gutiérrez began to formulate his understanding of Latin American "reality" – the foundation and driving force of
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Walking in the footsteps of Jesus, otherwise known as spirituality, is, on the deepest level, the basis on which everything else rests.
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According to Arthur McGovern, controversy regarding Gutiérrez and liberation theology was not limited to the Catholic Church:
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I am Clelia Luro, the partner of Jerónimo Podestá, if you remember? You came to Córdoba for a Movement of Priests for the
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Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith-August 6, 1984. Instruction on certain aspect of "Liberation Theology"
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award. In 2014, he was awarded the Joseph B. and Toby Gittler Prize from Brandeis University. In 2016, he received the
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The Catholic Church in Peru then held a vote to rebuke Gutiérrez's ordination within the group, which ended in a tie.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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and the material conditions of poverty provided Gutiérrez a framework for understanding socio-economic inequality.
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deemed Guiterrez's attitude towards the issue to be discriminatory, criticizing him in the following letter:
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theories, however, have considerable and tangible impacts on the Latin America's socio-economic conditions.
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The intelligence of faith reveals essential aspects of God and provides a perspective for theological work.
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Gutiérrez was at one time a parish priest of the Iglesia Cristo Redentor (Church of the Holy Redeemer) in
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Gutiérrez, Gustavo (2001) "Quehacer teológico y experiencia eclesial"; J.J.Tamayo y J.Bosch, eds.,
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Gutiérrez, Gustavo (1968) "Hacia una teología de la liberación. Consultado el 23 de julio de 2014.
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in Latin America and abroad. This influence can be observed from the evangelical proposal of the "
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The proclamation of the gospel in the midst of the unjust situation in Latin America leads to a
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Smith, Christian."The Emergence of Liberation Theology". University of Chicago Press, 1989
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Klabier, Jeffery (July 1989). "Prophets and Populists: Liberation Theology, 1968-1988".
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is the kingdom of Heaven". He argues that there are forms of poverty beyond economic.
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Hablar de Dios desde el sufrimiento del inocente. Una reflexión de el libro de Job
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Vatican Insider: "Un teologo della liberazione al Santo Ufficio?" 15 October 2011
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1711:"Gutiérrez highlights Pope's 'preferential option for the poor' // The Observer"
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947:, trans. Matthew J. O'Connell (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1990). Originally published as
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1651:"Gustavo Gutiérrez: Essential Writings"; Nickoloff, James. Fortress Press, 1996
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1773:"Fr Gustavo Gutierrez: the poor are the starting point of liberation theology"
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En busca de los pobres de Jesucristo: El pensamiento de Bartolomé de las Casas
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1837:. Translated by Ramos, Myra Bergman (30th Anniversary ed.). Continuum.
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Müller, Gerhard. ""La teología de la liberación hoy"". In Gutiérrez (ed.).
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His theological focus aims to connect salvation and liberation through the
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1955:"Catholic church warms to liberation theology as founder heads to Vatican"
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Development Cooperation in a Fractured Global Order: An Arduous Transition
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traditionally opposed or discouraged by the church. Marx's discussion of
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and Gustavo Gutiérrez: Reflections on the Mystery and Hiddenness of God
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808:- a fellow liberation theologian who, unlike Gutiérrez, fought for the
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explored the concept of praxis and a preferential option for the poor.
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unfolding as a fundamental axis of the Christian life on three levels:
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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1993:
887:. Co-authored with Cardinal Gerhard Ludwig Müller. Orbis Books, 2015:
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Gorringe, Timothy (12 August 1999), "Theology and Human Liberation",
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The announcement and testimony of the reign of God denounces poverty.
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Audio downloads of Gutiérrez's 1995 Drummond Lectures in Scotland
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Beber en su propio pozo: En el itinerario espiritual de un pueblo
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based on principles derived from the word of God. In the article
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1890:"Latin America Consultation on Integral Mission | Micah Network"
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and his idea of development. In 1959, Gutiérrez was ordained a
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We Drink from Our Own Wells: The Spiritual Journey of a People
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In the early 1970s, Gutiérrez gave a controversial lecture in
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1746:"Gustavo Gutierrez and the preferential option for the poor"
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Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities
1420:"Remembering the Poor: An Interview With Gustavo Gutiérrez"
1389:"Remembering the Poor: An Interview with Gustavo Gutiérrez"
1087:"The Solved Conflict: Pope Francis and Liberation Theology"
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393:, France, he began studying theology. He has taught at the
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A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation
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Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities
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Gustavo Gutiérrez on the University of Notre Dame website
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Kirchgaessner, Stephanie; Watts, Jonathan (11 May 2015).
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The main biblical foundation for this praxis lies in the
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In the Company of the Poor: conversations between Dr.
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Liberation Theology in the World History Encyclopedia
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Løland, Ole Jakob (July 2021). Usarski, Frank (ed.).
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a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.
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Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 30th Anniversary Edition
1833:Freire, Paulo; Macedo, Donaldo (1 September 2000).
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On the Side of the Poor: The Theology of Liberation
2071:Gustavo Gutierrez: Makers of Contemporary Theology
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935:On Job: God-Talk and the Suffering of the Innocent
443:In 1974, Gutiérrez founded the Lima branch of the
1094:International Journal of Latin American Religions
2972:Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni
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1686:Awakening Vocation: A Theology of Christian Call
1542:Sagasti, Francisco R.; Alcalde, Gonzalo (1999).
939:Hablar de Dios desde el sufrimiento del inocente
915:Las Casas: In Search of the Poor of Jesus Christ
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1865:"The Political Philosophy of Gustavo Gutiérrez"
40: and the second or maternal family name is
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486:On 8 June 1928, Gustavo Gutierrez was born to
351:(born 8 June 1928) is a Peruvian philosopher,
115:accompanying your translation by providing an
77:Click for important translation instructions.
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21:For other people named Gustavo Gutiérrez, see
2638:José Simeón Cañas Central American University
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1502:, Oxford University Press, pp. 268–290,
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945:The Truth Shall Make You Free: Confrontations
432:at the expense of efforts to bring about the
127:{{Translated|es|Gustavo Gutiérrez (teólogo)}}
2024:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
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768:. His friends include the German theologian
16:Peruvian philosopher, theologian, and priest
1920:"Latin America – World Council of Churches"
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1508:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198752462.003.0007
1359:"Gustavo Gutierrez's Liberation Theology"
1245:. Lima: Instituto Bartolome de Las Casas.
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1446:"Gustavo Gutierrez biography (spanish)"
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971:Teología de la liberación: Perspectivas
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517:He initially studied medicine at the
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276:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
3012:Peruvian Christian religious leaders
2544:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
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1418:Hartnett, Daniel (3 February 2003).
1387:Hartnett, Daniel (3 February 2003).
1145:Cornell, George W. (6 August 1988).
804:. He refused to speak unless Father
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2894:Guadalajara International Book Fair
1986:"Carta abierta a Gustavo Gutiérrez"
672:Writings on the option for the poor
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2982:Christian Peace Conference members
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1984:Luro, Clelia (12 September 2013).
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661:Latin American liberation theology
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537:in France, where he studied under
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1333:"Pacem in Terris Past Recipients"
1197:"Bigorafía de Gustavo Guitiérrez"
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519:National University of San Marcos
438:clergy within the Catholic Church
379:National University of San Marcos
370:Professorship of Theology at the
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2436:Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri
1337:Catholic Diocese of Davenport
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501:Gutiérrez was afflicted with
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454:Gutiérrez is a member of the
216:Catholic University of Leuven
2073:. Atlanta: John Knox Press.
456:Peruvian Academy of Language
32:, the first or paternal
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3047:World Christianity scholars
2774:National Geographic Society
1661:Gutierrez, Gustavo (1991).
1363:Denison Journal of Religion
1357:Humphrey, Kimberly (2011).
1241:Gutiérrez, Gustavo (1995).
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220:Catholic University of Lyon
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2632:Fondo de Cultura Económica
1750:National Catholic Reporter
1177:. University of Notre Dame
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800:upon being invited by the
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387:Theology Faculty of Leuven
268:Príncipe de Asturias award
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2676:José Luis López Aranguren
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1579:. Encyclopedia Britannica
1172:"Gustavo Gutierrez, O.P."
902:and Fr. Gustavo Gutiérrez
810:right of priests to marry
766:Luis Felipe Zegarra Russo
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737:Pedagogy of the Oppressed
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2726:Hans Magnus Enzensberger
2589:Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz
2350:Jim and Shelley Douglass
1863:Duncan, William (1995).
1450:Gustavo Gutiérrez (1928)
1053:Progressive Christianity
654:A Theology of Liberation
482:Early life and education
449:grassroots organizations
372:University of Notre Dame
344:Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino
238:University of Notre Dame
187:Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino
2752:Società Dante Alighieri
2660:magazine by Octavio Paz
2261:Ernest Leo Unterkoefler
2149:Peace and Freedom Award
2043:Alexander Nava (2001).
2036:10.1111/1468-5906.00100
1992:. Atrio. Archived from
871:The Wall Street Journal
413:, among other schools.
136:For more guidance, see
2997:Liberation theologians
2957:Anti-poverty advocates
2622:Horacio Sáenz Guerrero
2175:Martin Luther King Jr.
1771:Gagliarducci, Andrea.
1151:Lawrence Journal-World
844:
793:
594:evolutionary theorists
490:parentage, being half-
476:St. Ambrose University
428:have been excessively
395:University of Michigan
3037:Peruvian philosophers
2962:Catholic philosophers
2667:in Rwanda and Burundi
2320:María Julia Hernández
1777:catholicnewagency.com
1257:"Las Casas Institute"
822:
788:
770:Gerhard Ludwig Müller
627:, published in 1987.
547:Marie Dominique Chenu
525:in order to become a
472:Pacem in Terris Award
307:Roman Catholic Church
290:Ecclesiastical career
264:Pacem in Terris Award
138:Knowledge:Translation
109:copyright attribution
2882:Alma Guillermoprieto
2285:Maurice John Dingman
1894:www.micahnetwork.org
1797:Gutiérrez, Gustavo.
1689:. Liturgical Press.
1548:. IDRC. p. 14.
1424:americanmagazine.org
686:Theology and Poverty
648:Populorum Progressio
551:Edward Schillebeeckx
468:Príncipe de Asturias
368:John Cardinal O'Hara
322:Congregations served
229:Priest and professor
3027:Peruvian Dominicans
2967:Catholic socialists
2764:Instituto Cervantes
2732:Ryszard Kapuściński
2650:Emilio García Gómez
2628:Pedro Laín Entralgo
2413:Hildegard Goss-Mayr
2165:John Howard Griffin
2067:Robert McAfee Brown
1717:. 26 September 2014
1573:"Gustavo Gutiérrez"
1308:"Gustavo Gutiérrez"
1048:Christian socialism
1038:Christian communism
1028:Liberation theology
816:within the church,
563:Johann Baptist Metz
353:Catholic theologian
2987:Christian radicals
2864:Emilio Lledó Íñigo
2748:Alliance française
2595:José Ferrater Mora
2257:Crystal Lee Sutton
2187:A. Philip Randolph
2181:R. Sargent Shriver
1800:Essential Writings
1577:www.britannica.com
1426:. America Magazine
1283:"Honorary Degrees"
1263:on 13 October 2018
1006:Catholicism portal
973:(Lima: CEP, 1971).
961:(Lima: CEP, 1983).
951:(Lima: CEP, 1986).
941:(Lima: CEP, 1986).
931:(Lima: CEP, 1989).
929:El Dios de la vida
921:(Lima: CEP, 1992).
865:The New York Times
814:mandatory celibacy
798:Córdoba, Argentina
794:
712:Christ becomes man
533:in Belgium and at
117:interlanguage link
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2843:
2842:
2542:Laureates of the
2509:
2508:
2466:Gustavo Gutiérrez
2383:Dorothy Hennessey
2367:George G. Higgins
1924:www.oikoumene.org
1752:. 8 November 2011
1555:978-0-88936-889-7
1452:. Steven Casadont
852:Pope John Paul II
512:Javier Mariategui
341:
340:
177:Gutiérrez in 2007
160:Gustavo Gutiérrez
149:
148:
78:
74:
3054:
3007:People from Lima
2849:
2848:
2823:Shigeru Miyamoto
2768:Instituto Camões
2682:Indro Montanelli
2644:Luis María Anson
2553:
2552:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2279:Joseph Bernardin
2267:George F. Kennan
2240:Thomas Gumbleton
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1393:America Magazine
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1312:www.brandeis.edu
1304:
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1259:. Archived from
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992:Biography portal
989:
988:
987:
856:Joseph Ratzinger
806:Jerónimo Podestá
790:Joseph Ratzinger
755:integral mission
571:François Perroux
350:
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2922:Marjane Satrapi
2888:Museo del Prado
2854:
2839:
2829:Annie Leibovitz
2760:Goethe-Institut
2756:British Council
2558:
2547:
2540:
2510:
2505:
2488:
2460:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2454:Simone Campbell
2417:
2354:
2332:Daniel Berrigan
2314:Mairead Maguire
2301:
2273:Helen Caldicott
2244:
2203:
2169:John F. Kennedy
2152:
2147:Pacem in Terris
2143:
2091:
2081:
2059:
2020:Christian Smith
2015:
2013:Further reading
2010:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1996:on 6 April 2019
1982:
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1900:on 20 July 2018
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925:The God of Life
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824:Dear Gustavo,
783:
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638:Gaudium et Spes
621:extreme poverty
613:
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460:Legion of Honor
389:in Belgium and
383:Catholic Action
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272:Legion of Honor
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212:Alma mater
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2900:
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2870:James Nachtwey
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2807:Alain Touraine
2803:
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2738:
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2722:
2720:George Steiner
2716:
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2678:
2668:
2663:1994: Spanish
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2568:María Zambrano
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2090:
2089:External links
2087:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2063:
2057:
2051:. SUNY Press.
2040:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1971:
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1218:
1207:on 8 July 2019
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1067:
1066:
1065:
1063:Social justice
1060:
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910:978-1626980501
895:
893:978-1626981157
880:
879:Selected works
877:
823:
782:
779:
762:Hugo Echegaray
745:
742:
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703:
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612:
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598:class struggle
539:Henri de Lubac
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434:Kingdom of God
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2259: /
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2193:James Groppi
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113:edit summary
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2947:1928 births
2742:Jean Daniel
2714:Umberto Eco
2601:Grupo Globo
2574:Mario Bunge
2448:Jean Vanier
2373:Lech Wałęsa
2344:Samuel Ruiz
2297:Eileen Egan
2216:Dorothy Day
2047:Simone Weil
2000:20 November
1874:20 November
1583:20 November
1430:20 November
1398:1 September
1211:18 November
1181:1 September
1156:1 September
1108:: 287–314.
1020:Peru portal
900:Paul Farmer
828:Third World
818:Clelia Luro
724:liberate us
605:Rimac, Peru
555:Karl Rahner
543:Yves Congar
426:eschatology
197:8 June 1928
2941:Categories
2672:EFE Agency
2617:newspapers
2478:Dalai Lama
2338:Jim Wallis
1782:4 November
1617:(1): 1–5.
1499:Karl Barth
1486:, Estella.
1456:11 October
1372:2 November
1342:4 November
1267:6 November
1069:References
781:Criticisms
633:Vatican II
567:Karl Barth
496:Indigenous
422:revelation
193:1928-06-08
68:in Spanish
2614:El Tiempo
2584:newspaper
2430:John Dear
2151:laureates
2030:: 69–73.
1990:atrio.org
1639:147016879
1201:unmsm.edu
1132:2509-9957
1124:2509-9965
657:in 1971.
586:Karl Marx
559:Hans Küng
494:and half-
430:idealized
403:Cambridge
357:Dominican
131:talk page
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2790:journals
2665:Missions
2442:Kim Bobo
2069:(1980).
978:See also
850:, under
848:Holy See
508:Barranco
492:Hispanic
411:Montréal
407:Berkeley
313:Ordained
295:Religion
234:Employer
107:provide
28:In this
2787:Science
2581:El País
1964:20 July
1929:20 July
1904:20 July
1756:20 July
1721:20 July
1668:9 March
1631:1007391
1528:20 July
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643:Paul VI
488:mestizo
399:Harvard
129:to the
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2908:2022:
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2892:2020:
2886:2019:
2880:2018:
2874:2017:
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2821:2012:
2815:2011:
2805:2010:
2799:2009:
2795:Google
2793:2008:
2781:Nature
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2657:Vuelta
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360:priest
355:, and
303:Church
260:Awards
206:, Peru
42:Merino
2835:Quino
2493:2020s
2422:2010s
2359:2000s
2306:1990s
2249:1980s
2208:1970s
2157:1960s
1635:S2CID
1627:JSTOR
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1292:9 May
1120:eISSN
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1090:(PDF)
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