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Hällestad Runestones

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1169: 721: 17: 150:, who died c. 958 or 959. This Toki is not remembered by the Norse sagas but, unlike the sagas, the runestones constitute contemporary documentation. Also notable is that the stone reports that the men went closest to Toki, meaning that the best warriors formed a shield circle around the warchief during battle in order to show fealty to their leader (compare with the 100: 135: 1153:: oskautr : ristþi : stin : þansi (:) ¶ (:) (i)ftiʀ : airu : brþur : sin : ian : ¶ : saʀ : uas : him:þiki : tuka : nu : ¶ : skal : stato : stin : o : biarki : 111:
runestone, which is walled into the south-western corner of the church of Hällestad, has been known since the late 17th century. The inscription begins in the left row on the front side and follows the
445:: askil : sati : stin : þansi : ift ¶ : tuka : kurms : sun : saʀ : hulan : ¶ trutin : saʀ : flu : aigi : at : ub:¶:salum 744:), meaning "home-receiver" (i.e., one who is given a house by another). A total of six runestones in Denmark refer to a person with this title, the others besides DR 296 and DR 297 being 1156:{} Asgotr {} resþi {} sten {} þænsi {} {} {} æftiʀ {} Ærru, {} broþur {} sin. {} Æn {} {} {} saʀ {} was {} hemþægi {} Toka. {} Nu {} {} {} skal {} standa {} sten {} a {} biargi. {} 146:
warbands consisted of brotherhoods, where each member had equal worth, including the warchief who in this case was Toki Gormsson. Toki was probably the son of the Danish king
142:). An interesting detail is the fact that it calls Toki Gormsson "brother", which should be interpreted as "brother-in-arms" and not a biological brother. The 79:, c. 985. The other stones were raised by the same people, and they probably formed a monument together in memory of comrades lost in the battle. The 2151: 2057: 448:{} Æskel {} satti {} sten {} þænsi {} æftiʀ {} {} Toka {} Gorms {} sun, {} seʀ {} hullan {} {} drottin. {} Saʀ {} flo {} ægi {} at {} Upsalum 55:
identifiers are DR 295, 296, and 297. DR 295 is notable because it is held to be raised in memory of a warrior who fell in the legendary
1921: 1373:: osbiurn : him:þaki : tuka : sati : stin ¶ : þasi : iftiʀ : tuka : bruþur : sin : 635:
satu : trikaʀ : iftiʀ : sin : bruþr ¶ stin : o : biarki : stuþan : runum : þiʀ :
2126: 1758: 1754: 1434: 2095: 1951: 1863: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1594: 1159:Ásgautr raised this stone in memory of Erra, his brother. And he was Tóki's retainer. Now the stone will stand on the hill. 1979: 1738: 1734: 1730: 2146: 1562: 1479: 1778: 1762: 1726: 1722: 1538: 2161: 1855: 1766: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1633: 772:
are in the service of a king or lord, of whom they receive gifts (here, homes) for their service. Some, like
1686: 1995: 1955: 1917: 1843: 1774: 1770: 451:Áskell placed this stone in memory of Tóki Gormr's son, to him a faithful lord. He did not flee at Uppsala. 56: 1991: 138:), which is however only for decorative purposes since it does not change the pronunciation (compare the 2008: 1963: 1879: 749: 1904: 1587: 1376:{} Æsbiorn, {} hemþægi {} Toka, {} satti {} sten {} {} þæssi {} æftiʀ {} Toka, {} broþur {} sin. {} 2016: 1792: 752:, DR 154, and DR 155. The use of the term in the inscriptions suggest a strong similarity between 1975: 1533: 1528: 1523: 2028: 1896: 1518: 638:
sattu {} drængiaʀ {} æftiʀ {} sin {} broþur {} sten {} a {} biargi {} støþan {} runum. {} Þeʀ {}
68: 1655: 116:
order of reading. The inscription is dated to the late 10th century, and shows an early dotted
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Ships and Men in the Late Viking Age: The Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse
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Valiant men placed in memory of their brother the stone on the hill, steadied by runes. They
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Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation)
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as DR 295. Similar to DR 296, the inscription also refers to Ásbjôrn as being Toki's
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in which the brothers-in-arms buried Toki according to the traditions of the time.
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This runestone is contemporary with the preceding runestones and it is made of
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This runestone is contemporary with the preceding runestone and it is made of
16: 2140: 2041: 745: 113: 1379:Ásbjôrn, Tóki's retainer, placed this stone in memory of Tóki, his brother. 147: 1871: 1788: 2119: 1825: 1181: 143: 64: 1967: 1603: 1177: 765: 166:
First line is transliteration; second is transcription in Old Norse.
108: 32: 44: 2114: 1567: 729: 155: 60: 52: 705:(k)(u)(r)(m)(s) (:) (t)(u)(k)(a) : kiku : (n)(i)(s)(t) 134: 128: 1909: 118: 48: 1572: 1943: 40: 99: 780:
as being nothing more than a local Danish variant of
1474:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 235–37. 2138: 1611:Western route and unspecified expeditions abroad 154:). The hill which is referred to was probably a 39:in Torna-Hällestad, about 20 kilometers east of 1588: 732:. The inscription refers to Erra as Tóki's 1922:Uppland Rune Inscriptions 101, 143 and 147 1595: 1581: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 2120:Runic inscriptions online interactive map 1494: 1555:Runor : historia, tydning, tolkning 1514:Arild Hauge's page on Danish runestones. 1488: 1167: 719: 122:-rune which represents the g-phoneme in 98: 15: 2152:Runestones in memory of Viking warriors 2127:Runic transliteration and transcription 1463: 1461: 1449: 1440: 1390: 2139: 1576: 1467: 1427:Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning 1458: 126:It also contains an unusual dotted 13: 1180:. It is probably made by the same 14: 2173: 1507: 708:Gorms {} Toka {} gingu {} næstiʀ. 1191: 787: 133: 23:where the runestones are located 1429:. Göteborgs universitet. CLTS. 1602: 1553:Enoksen, Lars Magnar. (1998). 1416: 161: 1: 1547: 764:(literally, "house man"), or 711:went closest to Gormr's Tóki. 1918:Hargs bro runic inscriptions 1495:Brøndsted, Johannes (1960). 1368: 1360: 1352: 1344: 1336: 1328: 1320: 1312: 1304: 1296: 1288: 1280: 1272: 1264: 1256: 1248: 1240: 1232: 1224: 1216: 1208: 1200: 1148: 1140: 1132: 1124: 1116: 1108: 1100: 1092: 1084: 1076: 1068: 1060: 1052: 1044: 1036: 1028: 1020: 1012: 1004: 996: 988: 980: 972: 964: 956: 948: 940: 932: 924: 916: 908: 900: 892: 884: 876: 868: 860: 852: 844: 836: 828: 820: 812: 804: 796: 700: 692: 684: 676: 668: 660: 652: 630: 622: 614: 606: 598: 590: 582: 574: 566: 558: 550: 542: 534: 526: 518: 510: 502: 494: 486: 478: 470: 462: 440: 432: 424: 416: 408: 400: 392: 384: 376: 368: 360: 352: 344: 336: 328: 320: 312: 304: 296: 288: 280: 272: 264: 256: 248: 240: 232: 224: 216: 208: 200: 192: 184: 176: 7: 1557:. Historiska Media, Falun. 10: 2178: 1634:Gunnar's bridge runestones 91:may be connected to them. 2147:10th-century inscriptions 2102: 2090: 2066: 1928: 1905:Snottsta and Vreta stones 1834: 1787: 1679: 1642: 1610: 1539:Carl L. Thunberg (2012): 1499:. Harmondsworth: Penguin. 1163: 715: 94: 57:Battle of the Fýrisvellir 1383: 35:located in the walls of 1365: 1357: 1349: 1341: 1333: 1325: 1317: 1309: 1301: 1293: 1285: 1277: 1269: 1261: 1253: 1245: 1237: 1229: 1221: 1213: 1205: 1197: 1145: 1137: 1129: 1121: 1113: 1105: 1097: 1089: 1081: 1073: 1065: 1057: 1049: 1041: 1033: 1025: 1017: 1009: 1001: 993: 985: 977: 969: 961: 953: 945: 937: 929: 921: 913: 905: 897: 889: 881: 873: 865: 857: 849: 841: 833: 825: 817: 809: 801: 793: 697: 689: 681: 673: 665: 657: 649: 627: 619: 611: 603: 595: 587: 579: 571: 563: 555: 547: 539: 531: 523: 515: 507: 499: 491: 483: 475: 467: 459: 437: 429: 421: 413: 405: 397: 389: 381: 373: 365: 357: 349: 341: 333: 325: 317: 309: 301: 293: 285: 277: 269: 261: 253: 245: 237: 229: 221: 213: 205: 197: 189: 181: 173: 1656:Baltic area runestones 1468:Jesch, Judith (2001). 1173: 725: 104: 71:and Styrbjörn's uncle 24: 2074:Jarlabanke Runestones 1793:Battle of Fýrisvellir 1629:Hakon Jarl runestones 1171: 723: 102: 63:, Sweden between the 19: 2162:Runestones in Scania 1914:Broby bro Runestones 1897:Färentuna Runestones 1806:Hällestad Runestones 1650:Varangian runestones 1529:Picture 2 of DR 296. 1524:Picture 1 of DR 296. 1455:Enoksen 1998:111-112 69:Styrbjörn the Strong 29:Hällestad Runestones 2067:Runestone monuments 776:, have interpreted 768:. Like housecarls, 73:Eric the Victorious 2110:List of runestones 2078:Hunnestad Monument 1935:Old Norse religion 1624:England runestones 1534:Picture of DR 297. 1519:Picture of DR 295. 1174: 774:Johannes Brøndsted 726: 105: 25: 2134: 2133: 1816:Karlevi Runestone 1671:Ingvar runestones 1661:Greece runestones 1618:Viking runestones 1435:978-91-981859-5-9 1423:Thunberg, Carl L. 140:Transjö Runestone 81:Karlevi Runestone 2169: 2058:Thorwald's Cross 1835:Viking Age women 1821:Egtved Runestone 1811:Sjörup Runestone 1666:Italy runestones 1597: 1590: 1583: 1574: 1573: 1501: 1500: 1492: 1486: 1485: 1465: 1456: 1453: 1447: 1446:Enoksen 1998:111 1444: 1438: 1420: 1414: 1413:Enoksen 1998:113 1411: 152:Kålsta Runestone 137: 89:Sjörup Runestone 85:Egtved Runestone 37:Hällestad Church 21:Hällestad Church 2177: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2122: 2098: 2086: 2062: 2031: 1999:Cursed stones: 1998: 1966: 1933: 1930:Norse mythology 1924: 1907: 1901:Hillersjö stone 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162:Inscription 65:Jomsvikings 47:, southern 2141:Categories 1826:Aars stone 1604:Runestones 1548:References 1182:runemaster 438:ub:¶:salum 144:Viking Age 33:runestones 31:are three 2103:Resources 1946:hallow": 1178:sandstone 770:heimþegar 766:housecarl 758:Old Norse 754:heimþegar 742:heimþegar 109:sandstone 1791:and the 1425:(2012). 1222:him:þaki 1209:Æsbiorn, 1010:him:þiki 778:heimþegi 756:and the 738:heimþegi 479:drængiaʀ 361:drottin. 87:and the 51:. Their 2115:Rundata 2032:Other: 1568:Rundata 1225:hemþægi 1206:osbiurn 1186:hemþægi 1172:DR 297. 1141:biargi. 1013:hemþægi 882:(i)ftiʀ 802:oskautr 782:húskarl 762:húskarl 734:hemþægi 730:granite 724:DR 296. 701:næstiʀ. 441:Upsalum 132:-rune ( 103:DR 295. 67:led by 61:Uppsala 59:, near 53:Rundata 2096:Sö 113 2054:Vg 119 2042:Ög 181 2038:Ög 136 2034:Sö 154 2029:DR 360 2025:DR 357 2021:DR 338 2017:DR 230 2013:DR 209 1996:DR 120 1984:Sö 111 1976:Vg 113 1972:U 1161 1964:DR 220 1960:DR 209 1956:DR 110 1952:Sö 140 1948:Vg 150 1910:Estrid 1888:DR 143 1884:DR 114 1864:Sr 139 1775:DR 330 1771:DR 259 1751:Sö 360 1747:Sö 333 1743:Sö 174 1727:U 1048 1652:(main) 1620:(main) 1561:  1478:  1433:  1369:  1353:  1345:broþur 1342:bruþur 1337:  1321:  1305:  1289:  1281:  1265:  1249:  1233:  1217:  1201:  1164:DR 297 1149:  1138:biarki 1133:  1117:  1101:  1093:standa 1085:  1069:  1061:  1053:  1037:  1021:  1005:  989:  973:  965:  957:  941:  925:  917:broþur 909:  893:  877:  869:  861:  845:  829:  818:ristþi 813:  805:Asgotr 797:  716:DR 296 693:  677:  661:  631:  615:  607:runum. 599:  591:støþan 588:stuþan 583:  575:biargi 572:biarki 567:  551:  535:  527:broþur 519:  503:  487:  476:trikaʀ 471:  433:  417:  401:  385:  369:  358:trutin 353:  345:  337:hullan 329:  313:  297:  281:  265:  257:  241:  225:  209:  193:  177:  156:barrow 95:DR 295 83:, the 75:, the 49:Sweden 2091:Other 2050:Vg 63 2009:DR 83 2005:DR 81 2001:Vg 67 1992:DR 48 1988:DR 26 1980:Sö 86 1954:(?), 1942:"May 1880:DR 55 1876:N 225 1868:Vg 67 1860:U 861 1856:U 489 1852:U 455 1848:U 337 1840:Vs 24 1779:N 239 1767:G 207 1763:Sm 48 1759:Vg 81 1755:Vg 40 1739:Sö 49 1735:Sö 47 1731:Sö 16 1719:U 954 1715:U 948 1711:U 925 1703:U 614 1699:U 605 1695:U 258 1691:U 158 1687:Nä 29 1384:Notes 1329:Toka, 1313:æftiʀ 1310:iftiʀ 1297:þæssi 1257:satti 1241:Toka, 1090:stato 1029:Toka. 914:brþur 901:Ærru, 885:æftiʀ 853:þænsi 850:þansi 821:resþi 760:term 740:(pl. 685:gingu 653:Gorms 604:runum 524:bruþr 495:æftiʀ 492:iftiʀ 463:sattu 334:hulan 289:Gorms 286:kurms 249:æftiʀ 233:þænsi 230:þansi 201:satti 185:Æskel 182:askil 107:This 45:Skåne 2046:Öl 1 1944:Thor 1872:N 68 1844:U 15 1723:1028 1559:ISBN 1476:ISBN 1431:ISBN 1361:sin. 1326:tuka 1294:þasi 1273:sten 1270:stin 1254:sati 1238:tuka 1109:sten 1106:stin 1077:skal 1074:skal 1026:tuka 933:sin. 898:airu 837:sten 834:stin 750:DR 3 746:DR 1 682:kiku 669:Toka 543:sten 540:stin 460:satu 406:aigi 305:sun, 273:Toka 270:tuka 217:sten 214:stin 198:sati 124:aigi 41:Lund 27:The 2056:, 1932:and 1707:699 1358:sin 997:was 994:uas 981:saʀ 978:saʀ 946:ian 930:sin 874:(:) 858:(:) 736:or 658:(:) 623:Þeʀ 620:þiʀ 511:sin 508:sin 409:ægi 393:flo 390:flu 377:Saʀ 374:saʀ 321:seʀ 318:saʀ 302:sun 246:ift 43:in 2143:: 2080:, 2076:, 2052:, 2048:, 2044:, 2040:, 2036:, 2027:, 2023:, 2019:, 2015:, 2011:, 2007:, 2003:, 1994:, 1990:, 1986:, 1982:, 1978:, 1974:, 1970:: 1962:, 1958:, 1950:, 1920:, 1916:, 1912:: 1903:, 1899:, 1895:: 1886:, 1882:, 1878:, 1874:, 1870:, 1866:, 1862:, 1858:, 1854:, 1850:, 1846:, 1842:, 1777:, 1773:, 1769:, 1765:, 1761:, 1757:, 1753:, 1749:, 1745:, 1741:, 1737:, 1733:, 1729:, 1725:, 1721:, 1717:, 1713:, 1709:, 1705:, 1701:, 1697:, 1693:, 1689:, 1460:^ 1392:^ 1188:. 1045:Nu 1042:nu 949:Æn 784:. 748:, 425:at 422:at 1596:e 1589:t 1582:v 1484:. 1437:. 1366:: 1350:: 1334:: 1318:: 1302:: 1286:: 1278:¶ 1262:: 1246:: 1230:: 1214:: 1198:: 1146:: 1130:: 1125:a 1122:o 1114:: 1098:: 1082:: 1066:: 1058:¶ 1050:: 1034:: 1018:: 1002:: 986:: 970:: 962:¶ 954:: 938:: 922:: 906:: 890:: 866:¶ 842:: 826:: 810:: 794:: 690:: 674:: 646:C 628:: 612:: 596:: 580:: 564:: 559:a 556:o 548:: 532:¶ 516:: 500:: 484:: 468:: 456:B 430:: 414:: 398:: 382:: 366:: 350:¶ 342:: 326:: 310:: 294:: 278:: 262:: 254:¶ 238:: 222:: 206:: 190:: 174:: 170:A 129:m 119:k

Index


Hällestad Church
runestones
Hällestad Church
Lund
Skåne
Sweden
Rundata
Battle of the Fýrisvellir
Uppsala
Jomsvikings
Styrbjörn the Strong
Eric the Victorious
king of Sweden
Karlevi Runestone
Egtved Runestone
Sjörup Runestone

sandstone
boustrophedon
k
m

Transjö Runestone
Viking Age
Gorm the Old
Kålsta Runestone
barrow

granite

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