27:
240:
584:
Link takes commands from a digital computer component and organizes their execution via 2 32-bit data channels, 11 control channels, synchronization signals via 3 channels and 9 interrupt channels. Connection between a digital and analog computers is established through a "common-control panel" and
460:
Secondary storage was composed of up to 8 of the CDC 9432D removable-media disk drive devices. Capacity of one set of disk platters was about 4 million 6-bit words or 768,000 words of HRS-100 computer. Total, combined, capacity of 8 drives is, therefore, 6,144,000 words. Each disk set comprised 6
248:
781:
Hybrid
Computing System HRS-100, by P.Vrbavac, S.Ojdanic, D.Hristovic, M.Hruska, S.Marjanovic, Proc. of the 6. Int. Symp. on Electronics and Automation, pp. 347–356, Herceg Novi, Yugoslavia, 21–27.June
785:
Development of the
Computing Technology in Serbia (Razvoj Racunarstva u Srbiji), by Dušan Hristović, Phlogiston journal, No 18/19, pp. 89–105, Museum of the science and technology (MNT-SANU), Belgrade
611:
Analog component of HRS-100 system is composed of up to seven analog machines all connected to the common-control panel. It contains all elements required to independently solve linear and non-linear
1043:
484:
Peripherals communicate with the computer using interrupts and full length of HRS-100 words. Each separate unit has its own controller. Following devices were produced or planned:
450:
789:"50 Years of Computing in Serbia"(50 Godina Racunarstva u Srbiji), by D.B. Vujaklija and N. Markovic (Ed), pp. 37–44, DIS, IMP and PC Press, Belgrade 2011. (In Serbian).
1086:
211:
and accelerated scale time and for efficient solving of wide array of scientific tasks at the institutes of the A.S. of USSR (in the fields: Aerospace-nautics,
1186:
1106:
1216:
1181:
585:
two separate consoles. Communicating digital data with analog consoles is done through 16 control, 16 sensitivity, 16 indicator and 10 functional "lines".
1321:
1405:
1335:
1221:
1141:
1121:
1360:
1246:
1236:
1380:
1176:
550:
Interconnection hardware (called simply "Link") connects digital and analog components of HRS-100 into a single unified computer. It comprised:
1448:
1375:
1385:
1079:
814:
664:
Linear analog computer elements were designed to facilitate 0.01% precision in static mode and 0.1% in dynamic mode, for signals up to 1
1271:
1048:
1330:
853:
1418:
1226:
1072:
1034:
750:
1241:
461:
platters out of which 10 surfaces are used. Data was organized into 100 cylinders and 16 1536-bit sectors (48 HRS-100 words).
772:
HRS-100 (Hardware and Design
Principles), pp. 3–52, by prof. Boris J.Kogan(Ed), IPU AN.USSR, Moscow, 1974 (in Russian).
1029:
603:
is achieved by 16 independent signed 14-bit D/A converters with double registers. Typical D/A conversion took 2 μs.
1458:
1453:
1438:
778:
Analog
Computing in the Soviet Union, by D. Abramovitch, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 52–62, June 2005.
386:
1095:
807:
760:
472:(max. 165 ms). Maximum seek time was 25 ms. Raw transfer sector write speed was 208,333 characters/
382:
1053:
600:
588:
562:
558:
338:
177:
100:
32:
1468:
1463:
800:
1443:
1276:
341:
154:
103:
61:
1039:
370:
755:
705:
374:
344:
161:
115:
94:
47:
775:
HRS-100, Proceedings of Intern. Congress AICA-1973, Prague, pp. 305–324, 27–31.August 1973.
738:
Software: E. A. Trahtengerc, S.J.Vilenkin, V. L. Arlazarov (USSR), Nedeljko
Parezanović (SFRY).
356:
1365:
612:
378:
868:
732:
Analogue part: B.J.Kogan, N. N. Mihaylov (USSR), Slavoljub
Marjanović, Pavle Pejović (SFRY)
8:
1306:
1256:
1191:
216:
208:
1316:
1116:
693:
HRS-100 was designed and developed by the following team (see Ref.#1, #4, #5, and #6):
224:
1211:
1151:
286:
228:
1311:
1296:
1136:
437:
306:
220:
204:
134:
1064:
1390:
1370:
1345:
1111:
863:
619:
572:
366:
319:
157:
1281:
1251:
1171:
1166:
1126:
928:
873:
792:
392:
360:
280:
193:
169:
700:: Prof. Boris Yakovlevich Kogan (Institute of Control Sciences - IPU AN.USSR,
516:(88 character set, 7-bit data + 1 parity bit, printing speed: 15 characters/s)
406:, 10 from peripherals and 12 from interconnection devices and analog computer)
1432:
636:
420:
277:
189:
944:
679:
534:
520:
489:
310:
302:
289:
197:
878:
668:. Non-linear elements precision was not required to be better than 0.1%.
596:
513:
298:
185:
176:
in the period from 1968 to 1971. Three systems HRS-100 were deployed in
1400:
1340:
1231:
908:
431:
352:
294:
903:
1301:
1146:
453:
399:
1266:
898:
893:
888:
709:
266:
1326:
1201:
984:
979:
974:
858:
848:
843:
838:
735:
Link: Milan Hruška, Čedomir
Milenković (SFRY), A. G. Spiro (USSR)
569:
469:
416:
270:
247:
26:
192:) in 1971 and 1978. More production was contemplated for use in
1355:
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969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
923:
913:
883:
824:
701:
592:
527:
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449:
212:
181:
165:
36:
1395:
1350:
1291:
1286:
1012:
1007:
918:
114:, ХРС-100, GVS-100 or ГВС-100, (see Ref.#1, #2, #3 and #4) (
1261:
1156:
1131:
726:
722:
173:
51:
671:
Analog component of HRS-100 has its own peripheral units:
239:
1161:
665:
403:
274:
251:
The book GVS-100, Ed.IPU AN USSR, Moscow 1974, in
Russian
591:
is achieved by a single signed 14-bit 70,000 samples/
642:
calculation module and parallel logic control system
436:
3 program protection bits specifying which program (
1094:
423:modules. Each 36-bit word is organized as follows:
721:Digital part: Svetomir Ojdanić, Dušan Hristović (
1430:
822:
203:HRS-100 was invented and developed to study the
657:exchangeable program board (analog and digital)
328:multiple analog and digital Peripheral devices
1080:
808:
530:, 64-character set, 132 characters per line)
440:and up to 7 running applications) has access
545:
1087:
1073:
815:
801:
704:), Petar Vrbavac and Georgi Konstantinov (
554:Control unit for exchange of logic signals
332:
25:
395:and dedicated "index arithmetic" hardware
1419:History of computing in the Soviet Union
751:History of computer hardware in the SFRY
448:
246:
238:
766:
415:Primary memory was made up of 0.9
1431:
629:non-linear analog calculation elements
1068:
796:
355:are implemented in hardware for both
444:
243:HRS-100 being tested at IMP Belgrade
688:
13:
626:linear analog calculation elements
606:
14:
1480:
1449:Soviet Union–Yugoslavia relations
615:, both directly and iteratively.
503:5 to 8 channel Tape puncher type
410:
675:multi-channel ultraviolet writer
198:German Democratic Republic (DDR)
1096:List of Soviet computer systems
761:List of Soviet computer systems
595:A/D converter and a 32-channel
402:"channels" (10 from within the
577:Conversion channel relay block
479:
227:, Bio-medical investigations,
1:
1042:and history of computing in:
698:Principal Science Researchers
541:(reading up to 300 cards/min)
347:with following capabilities:
283:, expandable to 64 kilowords.
200:, but that was not realised.
601:Digital-to-analog conversion
589:Analog-to-digital conversion
7:
744:
383:multi-level memory indirect
234:
178:Academy of Sciences of USSR
119:
73:; 53 years ago
10:
1485:
725:), A. Volkov, V. Lisikov (
305:reader/punchers, parallel
1414:
1102:
1021:
1000:
937:
831:
468:access time was 100
255:HRS-100 was composed of:
150:
138:
93:
85:
67:
62:Third generation computer
57:
43:
24:
660:reference voltage supply
546:Interconnection hardware
1459:Soviet computer systems
1454:One-of-a-kind computers
1439:Mihajlo Pupin Institute
756:Mihajlo Pupin Institute
706:Mihajlo Pupin Institute
632:parallel logic elements
333:Central processing unit
325:Interconnection devices
162:Mihajlo Pupin Institute
48:Mihajlo Pupin Institute
823:Computer systems from
613:differential equations
457:
252:
244:
151:Hybrid Computer System
16:Soviet hybrid computer
496:(500-1000 characters/
456:controller and drives
452:
353:arithmetic operations
337:HRS-100 has a 32-bit
250:
242:
172:) and engineers from
767:Reference literature
31:HRS-100 deployed in
1192:Electronika MS 1504
1187:Electronika MS 1502
533:Standard 80-column
217:Control engineering
50:and engineers from
21:
1182:Electronika SS BIS
654:measurement system
559:Aanalog-to-digital
507:(150 characters/s)
458:
381:, unlimited-depth
259:Digital computer:
253:
245:
225:Telecommunications
19:
1469:1970s in Belgrade
1464:1960s in Belgrade
1426:
1425:
1062:
1061:
1049:former Yugoslavia
1035:former Yugoslavia
563:digital-to-analog
526:(up to 700 lines/
445:Secondary storage
387:relative-indirect
371:immediate/literal
262:central processor
229:Chemical industry
205:dynamical systems
109:
108:
1476:
1444:Analog computers
1089:
1082:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1028:Full lists from
817:
810:
803:
794:
793:
689:Development team
568:16-bit 100
438:Operating System
367:Addressing modes
221:Microelectronics
155:third generation
152:
148:
81:
79:
74:
29:
22:
18:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1410:
1346:Scorpion ZS-256
1098:
1093:
1063:
1058:
1017:
996:
938:1960‑1979
933:
864:ATLAS-TIM AT 32
832:1980‑2000
827:
821:
769:
747:
716:Chief designers
691:
620:analog computer
609:
607:Analog computer
573:clock generator
548:
488:5 to 8 channel
482:
447:
413:
393:index registers
375:absolute/direct
335:
320:Analog computer
237:
158:hybrid computer
77:
75:
72:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1199:
1194:
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1177:Electronika 85
1174:
1172:Electronika 60
1169:
1167:Electronika BK
1164:
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874:Galaksija Plus
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651:address system
649:
648:control system
646:
645:periodic block
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411:Primary memory
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364:
361:floating point
334:
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316:
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281:primary memory
263:
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194:Czechoslovakia
170:SFR Yugoslavia
143:ычислительная
116:Serbo-Croatian
107:
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69:
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971:
968:
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961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
945:CER Computers
943:
942:
940:
936:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
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912:
910:
907:
905:
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734:
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728:
724:
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719:
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707:
703:
699:
696:
695:
694:
683:
681:
678:three-colour
677:
674:
673:
672:
669:
667:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
637:potentiometer
634:
631:
628:
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623:
621:
616:
614:
604:
602:
598:
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586:
579:
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477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
455:
451:
439:
435:
433:
429:
426:
425:
424:
422:
421:magnetic core
418:
405:
401:
397:
394:
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388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
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327:
324:
321:
317:
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308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
278:magnetic core
276:
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249:
241:
232:
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226:
222:
218:
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210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
190:Akademgorodok
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:developed by
159:
156:
146:
142:
136:
132:
130:
126:
122:
117:
113:
105:
102:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
28:
23:
1416:
1206:
991:
715:
697:
692:
680:oscilloscope
670:
663:
617:
610:
587:
583:
580:Power supply
549:
538:
535:punched card
523:
521:line printer
510:
504:
493:
492:reader type
490:Punched tape
483:
465:
463:
459:
427:32 data bits
414:
336:
311:punched card
303:punched tape
299:teleprinters
290:disk storage
269:of 0.9
254:
202:
144:
140:
128:
124:
120:
111:
110:
68:Release date
33:USSR Academy
1001:Theoretical
879:Hobby ZR-84
635:electronic
597:multiplexer
514:teleprinter
480:Peripherals
419:cycle time
357:fixed point
351:four basic
186:Novosibirsk
149:, English:
1433:Categories
1417:See also:
1401:Vector-06C
1366:Specialist
1341:Radio-86RK
786:2010/2011.
684:X-Y writer
565:converters
557:Blocks of
432:parity bit
363:operations
295:peripheral
213:Energetics
139:Гибридная
127:ačunarski
86:Units sold
58:Generation
1302:Orion-128
1147:Dubna 48K
1127:ATM Turbo
869:Galaksija
618:Units of
400:interrupt
345:processor
318:multiple
313:readers).
297:devices (
287:secondary
267:kilowords
44:Developer
1307:Pentagon
1272:Microsha
1267:Micro-80
1022:See also
909:Lira 386
899:Lira 512
894:Pecom 64
889:Pecom 32
745:See also
710:Belgrade
539:DP SR300
464:Average
379:relative
307:printers
235:Overview
153:) was a
123:ibridni
1331:PS-3000
1327:PS-2000
1322:Promina
1317:Pravetz
1217:Hrazdan
1207:GVS-100
1202:ES PEVM
1117:Aragats
992:HRS-100
985:CER-203
980:CER-202
975:CER-200
904:Lira AT
859:TIM-600
854:TIM-030
849:TIM-011
844:TIM-001
839:TIM-100
537:reader
524:DP 2440
511:IBM 735
505:PE 4060
494:PE 1001
322:modules
231:etc.).
168:, then
135:Russian
112:HRS-100
99:32-bit
76: (
20:HRS-100
1371:Strela
1356:SM EVM
1247:Korvet
1227:Irisha
1212:Hobbit
1197:ES EVM
1152:Elbrus
1044:Serbia
1030:Serbia
970:CER-22
965:CER-20
960:CER-12
955:CER-11
950:CER-10
924:LPA512
914:Lola 8
884:ET-188
825:Serbia
702:Moscow
639:system
182:Moscow
166:Serbia
147:истема
37:Moscow
1406:Vesna
1396:UT-88
1381:CUM-1
1351:Setun
1336:Radon
1312:Poisk
1297:Nairi
1292:MIR-3
1287:MIR-2
1277:Minsk
1242:KVM-1
1222:Iskra
1142:Dnepr
1137:Besta
1122:Argon
1054:World
1040:World
1013:NAR 2
1008:NAR 1
919:PA512
782:1971.
519:Fast
131:istem
1391:Ural
1361:Sneg
1262:MESM
1237:Kiev
1232:Juku
1157:UKNC
1132:BESM
1112:Agat
727:USSR
723:SFRY
561:and
466:data
385:and
359:and
309:and
209:real
196:and
184:and
174:USSR
78:1971
71:1971
52:USSR
1376:SVS
1282:MIR
1252:M-1
1162:DVK
929:Vuk
666:kHz
528:min
454:HDD
404:CPU
398:32
342:MSI
339:TTL
275:bit
273:36-
265:16
207:in
180:in
104:MSI
101:TTL
95:CPU
35:in
1435::
1386:UM
1329:,
718::
712:).
708:,
622::
599:.
570:μs
476:.
470:ms
430:1
417:μs
391:7
377:,
373:,
369::
301:,
271:μs
223:,
219:,
215:,
137::
133:,
118::
1257:M
1107:A
1088:e
1081:t
1074:v
816:e
809:t
802:v
729:)
593:s
500:)
498:s
474:s
188:(
164:(
145:С
141:В
129:S
125:R
121:H
89:3
80:)
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