367:
infection occurs through breastfeeding. About 25% of infants who are breastfed by infected mothers are infected, while less than 5% of children born to but not breastfed by infected mothers are infected. Sexual transmission is second-most common, whereby an individual infects another through exchange of bodily fluids. Some evidence has suggested that male-to-female transmission is more efficient than female-to-male transmission. For example, one study in Japan found a 61% transmission rate for males to females vs. a less than 1% rate for females to males. Least common is parenteral transmission through blood transfusion, with an infection rate of 44-63% estimated in one study, and needle sharing among intravenous drug users. With proper prophylaxis (e.g. breastfeeding counseling for mothers, condom use, and donor blood screening), rates of transmission can be effectively reduced. The importance of the various routes of transmission is believed to vary geographically. The research in discordant couples showed that probability of sexual transmission is about 0.9 per 100 person-years.
315:
effect, suggesting prolonged viral transmission within isolated groups, but this theory warrants further investigation. Consistent findings reveal that HTLV-1 prevalence increases with age and is usually higher in adult females than males. Areas broadly regarded as having endemic regions include Japan, Iran, the
Americas, the Caribbean, Melanesia, Central and West Africa, and Australia. Globally, there remains a lack of robust data from populous countries like India and Nigeria and most of North and East Africa. As such, current global prevalence estimates, which are based on known endemic regions, likely underestimate the true global prevalence.
40:
67:
335:, where the genotype C predominates. In Europe HTLV-1 is uncommon, although it is present in some populations, generally people who have migrated from known endemic regions. In the Americas HTLV-1 is found in some Indigenous populations and descendants of African ancestry from where it is thought to have originated. Prevalence ranges from 0.1 to 1%. In Africa the prevalence is not well known, but it is about 1% in some countries.
389:
230:
Strikingly, ATLV had the transforming activity in vitro. These studies established that HTLV-1 was the causitive agent of ATL. The retrovirus is now generally called HTLV-I because later studies proved that ATLV is the same as the firstly identified human retrovirus called HTLV discovered by
Bernard Poiesz and Francis Ruscetti and their co-workers in the laboratory of
464:
and has been quite well studied in Japan. The time between infection and onset of cancer also varies geographically. It is believed to be about sixty years in Japan and less than forty years in the
Caribbean. The cancer is thought to be due to the pro-oncogenic effect of viral RNA incorporated into
318:
In
Australia, HTLV-I has notably high prevalence among Aboriginal communities in Central Australia. Community-based cross-sectional studies from Central Australia report HTLV-1 prevalences exceeding 30%, representing the highest reported prevalence for any population worldwide. In Taiwan, in Iran,
305:
HTLV-1 is believed to have originated from the simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1), a retrovirus prevalent among numerous nonhuman primates in intertropical Africa. This theory is supported by the significant genetic diversity of HTLV-1 subtypes in Africa, potentially arising from repeated
314:
The global distribution of HTLV-I is highly heterogeneous, with focal occurrence in diverse regions. Within areas where HTLV-I is found, its occurrence varies considerably, with endemic clusters often situated near populations with lower prevalence. This pattern might be influenced by the founder
229:
In 1977, Adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL) was first described in a case series of individuals from Japan. The symptoms of ATL were different from other lymphomas known at the time. The common birthplace shared amongst most of the ATL patients was suggestive of an infectious cause, referred to as ATLV.
306:
zoonotic transmissions during human interactions with STLV-1 endemic nonhuman primates. This correlation is further reinforced by the observation that individuals bitten by nonhuman primates exhibit HTLV-1 strains with sequences remarkably homologous to the STLV-1 found in local primate species.
431:
The term viral tropism refers to which cell types HTLV-I infects. Although HTLV-1 is primarily found in CD4+ T cells, other cell types in the peripheral blood of infected individuals have been found to contain HTLV-1, including CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells and B cells. HTLV-I entry is mediated
366:
HTLV-1 has three main routes of transmission. Vertical transmission is most common, through which an infected mother transmits the virus to her child. Interestingly, the risk to a fetus while inside the womb is minimal, given the virtual absence of viral particles in human plasma. Most vertical
500:
HTLV-1 is also associated with a progressive demyelinating upper motor neuron disease known as HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), characterized by sensory and motor deficits, particularly of the lower extremities, incontinence and impotence. Only 0.3 to 4% of
301:
HTLV-1 is genetically classified into seven subtypes, each defined by a unique geographic distribution influenced by population migration. The most globally widespread is the cosmopolitan subtype A, which further branches into several subgroups: transcontinental, Japanese, West
African, North
342:
and about one-tenth as prevalent in the population at large as HIV infection. Although little serologic data exist, the prevalence of infection is thought to be highest among blacks living in the
Southeast. A prevalence rate of 30% has been found among black intravenous drug users in
668:
Treatment of opportunistic infections varies depending on the type of disease and ranges from careful observation to aggressive chemotherapy and antiretroviral agents. Adult T cell lymphoma is a common complication of HTLV infection and requires aggressive chemotherapy, typically
707:
has been studied to determine if it might slow the progression of HTLV disease by reducing viral load. Although in one human study it was effective in reducing viral load, there did not appear to be a clinical benefit. Recently however, a study of valproic acid combined with
621:). The result is a reduction in the ability of the infected host to mount an adequate immune response to invading organisms that require a predominantly Th2 dependent response (these include parasitic infections and production of mucosal and humoral antibodies).
1505:
Tajima K, et al. (The T- and B-cell
Malignancy Study Group) (April 1988). "The third nation-wide study on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Japan: characteristic patterns of HLA antigen and HTLV-I infection in ATL patients and their relatives".
743:
has been investigated in the treatment of HTLV-1 disease with varied results. One case report describes an HTLV-1 infected woman who developed chronic refractory eczema, corneal injury and adult T cell leukemia. She was subsequently treated with allogenic
226:(HAM/TSP), both of which are only diagnosed in individuals testing positive to HTLV-1 infection. The estimated lifetime risk of ATL among people with HTLV-1 infection is approximately 5%, while that of HAM/TSP is approximately 2%.
213:
Most people with HTLV-1 infection do not appear to develop health conditions that can be directly linked to the infection. However, there is a subgroup of people who experience severe complications. The most well characterized are
992:
Miyoshi I, Kubonishi I, Yoshimoto S, Akagi T, Ohtsuki Y, Shiraishi Y, et al. (December 1981). "Type C virus particles in a cord T-cell line derived by co-cultivating normal human cord leukocytes and human leukaemic T cells".
297:
which is contained inside the protein inner envelope. The lipid outer envelope is of host cell origin but contains viral transmembrane and surface proteins. The virion is spherical in shape with a diameter of about 100 nm.
1431:"Differences in viral and host genetic risk factors for development of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis between Iranian and Japanese HTLV-1-infected individuals"
816:
Schierhout G, McGregor S, Gessain A, Einsiedel L, Martinello M, Kaldor J (January 2020). "Association between HTLV-1 infection and adverse health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies".
238:. Persistent lifelong infection is established when HTLV-1 integrates into the host genome as a provirus. A patient infected with HTLV-1 can be diagnosed when antibodies against HTLV-1 are detected in the
1044:
Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Reitz MS, Kalyanaraman VS, Gallo RC (November 1981). "Isolation of a new type C retrovirus (HTLV) in primary uncultured cells of a patient with Sézary T-cell leukaemia".
5979:
374:
In the
Caribbean, the geographic distribution of the virus is more uniform, and it is more common among those with many sexual partners, indicating that sexual transmission is more common.
1296:"Very high prevalence of infection with the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1c in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: Results of a large cross-sectional community survey"
5723:
1204:"Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 subtype C molecular variants among indigenous australians: new insights into the molecular epidemiology of HTLV-1 in Australo-Melanesia"
302:
African, Senegalese, and Afro-Peruvian. While subtypes B, D, E, F, and G are localized to distinct regions in Africa, subtype C is predominant in
Australia and Oceania.
465:
host lymphocyte DNA. Chronic stimulation of the lymphocytes at the cytokine level may play a role in the development of the malignancy. The lymphoma ranges from a very
748:
and had complete resolution of symptoms. One year post-transplant, she has had no recurrence of any symptoms, and furthermore has had a decrease in her proviral load.
5277:
4873:
3379:
1470:
Verdonck K, González E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E (April 2007). "Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection".
1116:
Verdonck K, González E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E (April 2007). "Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection".
589:
HTLV-1, unlike the distantly related retrovirus HIV, has an immunostimulating effect which actually becomes immunosuppressive. The virus activates a subset of
6114:
5394:
1852:
2430:
5984:
712:
showed a major decrease in the viral load of baboons infected with HTLV-1. It is important to monitor HTLV patients for opportunistic infections such as
5793:
1921:
1869:
3814:
2802:
2447:
6007:
4629:
2410:
2393:
2376:
5359:
5749:
2713:
2642:
2625:
2289:
2014:
6076:
5088:
4883:
3393:
2591:
5439:
1345:
Cantor KP, Weiss SH, Goedert JJ, Battjes RJ (1991). "HTLV-I/II seroprevalence and HIV/HTLV coinfection among U.S. intravenous drug users".
574:. At onset the patients present with blurred vision and floaters. The prognosis is favorable—the condition usually resolves within weeks.
5952:
4258:
2100:
2066:
1645:
Osame M, Usuku K, Izumo S, Ijichi N, Amitani H, Igata A, et al. (May 1986). "HTLV-I associated myelopathy, a new clinical entity".
605:). Feedback mechanisms of these cytokines cause a suppression of the Th2 lymphocytes and a reduction of Th2 cytokine production (mainly
5991:
5537:
5416:
5282:
3059:
2890:
2930:
5517:
5315:
282:
are produced and there is usually no detectable virus in the blood plasma though the virus is present in genital secretions. Like
5941:
5615:
5169:
3895:
5788:
1776:
5607:
5158:
3807:
2795:
624:
In the central
Australian Aboriginal population, HTLV-1 is thought to be related to their extremely high rate of death from
6109:
5936:
4132:
3023:
2345:
371:
In Japan, the geographic clustering of infections suggest that the virus is more dependent on mother-to-child transmission.
685:. Treatments for HTLV myelopathy are even more limited and focus mainly on symptomatic therapy. Therapies studied include
5892:
5512:
5310:
5194:
4247:
3080:
2764:
2243:
5840:
5551:
5783:
1988:
5081:
4122:
3399:
2925:
2882:
2040:
411:
358:
of Northern Canada, in Japan, northeastern Iran, Peru, the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador, and the Caribbean.
5744:
4634:
4474:
4007:
4002:
3800:
3385:
3314:
2788:
6081:
1255:"A Severe Bite From a Nonhuman Primate Is a Major Risk Factor for HTLV-1 Infection in Hunters From Central Africa"
1910:
1895:
5974:
5966:
5825:
5703:
5642:
5628:
5522:
5463:
5300:
5226:
4409:
2984:
2970:
2685:
461:
455:
653:
6022:
5932:
5882:
5778:
5507:
5291:
4666:
4306:
3905:
3345:
2769:
2560:
2339:
2321:
2315:
2268:
1374:"Increase in incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in non-endemic areas of Japan and the United States"
927:"Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera"
3422:
432:
through interaction of the surface unit of the virion envelope glycoprotein (SU) with its cellular receptor
66:
5914:
5803:
5611:
5165:
5074:
4957:
4560:
3189:
3094:
3088:
2525:
2211:
2152:
495:
223:
219:
1688:
Gonçalves DU, Proietti FA, Ribas JG, Araújo MG, Pinheiro SR, Guedes AC, Carneiro-Proietti AB (July 2010).
5855:
5728:
5434:
4587:
4582:
4570:
4112:
3995:
3552:
3478:
3472:
3145:
2550:
2217:
2182:
270:
into DNA and then integrated into the cellular DNA. Once integrated, HTLV-1 continues to exist only as a
1754:
1744:
6104:
5770:
4676:
4594:
4575:
3941:
2202:
1769:
207:
597:
cells. The result is a proliferation of Th1 cells and overproduction of Th1 related cytokines (mainly
5658:
5499:
5421:
4799:
4262:
4154:
3609:
3216:
2580:
2520:
2177:
1905:
745:
648:
538:
478:
235:
5860:
5688:
4878:
4821:
4699:
4494:
4019:
3318:
3230:
3135:
2965:
2938:
2910:
2843:
2555:
2333:
1748:
1690:"Epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated diseases"
729:
656:
which may lead to death from polymicrobial sepsis. HTLV-1 infection has also been associated with
501:
infected individuals develop HAM/TSP, but this will vary from one geographic location to another.
5326:
4982:
4644:
4639:
4544:
4339:
4325:
4301:
4243:
4053:
3937:
3114:
1841:
860:
583:
469:
and slowly progressive type to a very aggressive and nearly uniformly lethal proliferative type.
2780:
1429:
Sabouri AH, Saito M, Usuku K, Bajestan SN, Mahmoudi M, Forughipour M, et al. (March 2005).
1372:
Chihara, D; Ito, H; Katanoda, K; Shibata, A; Matsuda, T; Tajima, K; Sobue, T; Matsuo, K (2012).
6044:
5877:
5754:
5733:
5647:
5428:
4329:
4297:
4273:
4108:
3986:
3910:
3885:
3871:
3850:
3508:
3486:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3308:
3246:
3140:
3101:
2904:
2530:
2515:
1836:
925:
Hinuma Y, Nagata K, Hanaoka M, Nakai M, Matsumoto T, Kinoshita KI, et al. (October 1981).
740:
725:
17:
5886:
5476:
5449:
5370:
5272:
4762:
4671:
4649:
4313:
4222:
3990:
3792:
3493:
3074:
2944:
2915:
2741:
2278:
2263:
2223:
1789:
1762:
1549:
Clark J, Saxinger C, Gibbs WN, Lofters W, Lagranade L, Deceulaer K, et al. (July 1985).
1294:
Einsiedel L, Pham H, Talukder MR, Taylor K, Wilson K, Kaldor J, et al. (December 2021).
642:
586:—diseases not caused by the virus itself, but by alterations in the host's immune functions.
323:(a Chinese province near Taiwan) the prevalence is 0.1–1%. The infection rate is about 1% in
267:
215:
5066:
1253:
Filippone C, Betsem E, Tortevoye P, Cassar O, Bassot S, Froment A, et al. (June 2015).
767:
Legrand N, McGregor S, Bull R, Bajis S, Valencia BM, Ronnachit A, et al. (April 2022).
5683:
5295:
5206:
5114:
4814:
4809:
4188:
3757:
3589:
3224:
3053:
1053:
1002:
938:
571:
543:
61:
8:
5483:
5267:
5237:
4735:
4604:
4399:
3175:
2896:
2083:
4750:
1057:
1006:
942:
769:"Clinical and Public Health Implications of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection"
410:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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4947:
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1714:
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1670:
1627:
1578:
1531:
1406:
1373:
1322:
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1230:
1203:
1179:
1152:
1077:
1026:
956:
842:
793:
768:
523:
466:
263:
1658:
1614:
1597:
1483:
1129:
969:
926:
830:
6027:
5678:
5667:
5457:
5347:
5262:
5027:
4804:
4147:
3961:
3742:
3693:
3674:
3655:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3350:
3255:
2959:
2837:
2461:
2365:
2350:
2234:
2132:
1900:
1886:
1719:
1662:
1619:
1570:
1551:"Seroepidemiologic studies of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I in Jamaica"
1523:
1487:
1452:
1411:
1393:
1389:
1354:
1327:
1276:
1235:
1184:
1133:
1069:
1018:
974:
907:
846:
834:
798:
559:
401:
5697:
1631:
1535:
5797:
5576:
5444:
5343:
4755:
4740:
4370:
4181:
4176:
3717:
3427:
3107:
3039:
2920:
2851:
2283:
1709:
1701:
1674:
1654:
1609:
1582:
1562:
1515:
1479:
1442:
1401:
1385:
1317:
1307:
1266:
1225:
1215:
1174:
1164:
1125:
1061:
1030:
1010:
964:
946:
897:
826:
788:
780:
694:
682:
678:
324:
3681:
1081:
558:, although the evidence is contradictory. In these cases patients have a negative
338:
HTLV-I infection in the United States appears to be about half as prevalent among
5570:
5565:
5374:
5258:
5124:
5119:
4832:
4462:
4455:
4450:
4253:
4164:
4044:
4039:
3641:
3546:
3466:
3455:
3326:
3290:
3210:
2996:
2857:
2327:
2254:
2193:
2143:
1827:
1794:
1312:
1220:
736:
should also be performed, as some patients may be co-infected with both viruses.
713:
686:
328:
259:
163:
127:
115:
103:
39:
902:
885:
701:, which may produce a temporary symptomatic improvement in myelopathy symptoms.
570:
Studies from Japan demonstrated that HTLV-1 infection may be associated with an
6067:
6017:
4659:
4347:
4318:
2877:
2495:
2484:
2168:
1957:
1816:
931:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
717:
690:
673:. Other treatments for ATL in HTLV infected patients include interferon alpha,
629:
618:
614:
4714:
6098:
5924:
5623:
5532:
5488:
5305:
5179:
5006:
4916:
4864:
4785:
4767:
4689:
4609:
4485:
4467:
4379:
4169:
3826:
2872:
2867:
2815:
2055:
1968:
1805:
1397:
1169:
704:
610:
606:
594:
590:
275:
951:
5527:
5189:
5020:
4846:
4620:
4435:
4354:
4288:
4277:
4234:
4069:
4062:
4057:
4012:
3977:
3920:
3862:
3733:
3583:
3261:
3122:
2659:
2541:
2273:
1946:
1723:
1623:
1566:
1519:
1491:
1456:
1415:
1331:
1280:
1239:
1202:
Cassar O, Einsiedel L, Afonso PV, Gessain A (2013-09-26). Bausch DG (ed.).
1188:
1137:
838:
802:
657:
405:
287:
255:
239:
231:
139:
1666:
1596:
Manel N, Kim FJ, Kinet S, Taylor N, Sitbon M, Battini JL (November 2003).
1574:
1527:
1447:
1430:
1358:
1073:
1022:
978:
5201:
4851:
4841:
4745:
4726:
4553:
4548:
4444:
4423:
4208:
4142:
4099:
4029:
3951:
3875:
3830:
3773:
3722:
3710:
3705:
3698:
3686:
3660:
3630:
3532:
3371:
3283:
3266:
3201:
2862:
2696:
2571:
2003:
1979:
1784:
1705:
1271:
1254:
911:
784:
555:
348:
339:
5097:
5038:
4968:
4938:
4888:
4772:
4654:
4535:
4390:
4268:
4199:
4081:
3930:
3623:
3407:
3164:
2754:
2676:
2506:
2300:
2121:
884:
Uchiyama T, Yodoi J, Sagawa K, Takatsuki K, Uchino H (September 1977).
709:
698:
674:
637:
511:
344:
251:
203:
151:
886:"Adult T-cell leukemia: clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases"
5047:
3839:
3668:
3649:
3616:
3604:
3598:
3577:
3523:
3451:
3337:
3299:
3068:
3047:
2953:
2831:
2823:
2811:
2608:
2031:
1065:
1014:
960:
633:
602:
598:
91:
6038:
1550:
1153:"Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection"
6061:
6012:
5101:
3823:
3766:
3413:
3155:
3011:
733:
271:
1598:"The ubiquitous glucose transporter GLUT-1 is a receptor for HTLV"
1469:
1115:
815:
4977:
4926:
4904:
3519:
2810:
721:
332:
388:
5560:
5015:
4794:
4523:
4512:
3128:
2749:
1043:
670:
625:
517:
489:
320:
294:
279:
3822:
1252:
991:
5383:
5248:
5232:
5096:
3779:
3538:
3170:
1785:
433:
355:
78:
1687:
1201:
883:
5846:
5740:
5724:
Non-mycosis fungoides CD30− cutaneous large T-cell lymphoma
5719:
5637:
5379:
5354:
5334:
5330:
5217:
5135:
5130:
4086:
2759:
1293:
531:
477:
There is some evidence that HTLV-1 is a causative agent of
5586:
5581:
5471:
3005:
2309:
1548:
1428:
1371:
1344:
347:, and a rate of 49% has been found in a similar group in
283:
54:
924:
766:
1644:
861:"Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: technical report"
632:, a chronic lung condition predisposing to recurrent
514:
gait in combination with weakness of the lower limbs
1595:
5794:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified
1739:
762:
760:
5616:Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
5170:Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
582:Individuals infected with HTLV-1 are at risk for
449:
6096:
5360:Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
1347:Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
1111:
757:
530:Other neurologic findings that may be found in
504:Signs and symptoms of HTLV myelopathy include:
2290:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
636:. It is also associated with chronic infected
5750:Secondary cutaneous CD30+ large-cell lymphoma
5082:
3808:
2796:
2493:
1814:
1770:
1150:
293:The viral RNA is packed into the icosahedral
274:which can spread from cell to cell through a
6115:Sexually transmitted diseases and infections
5440:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
5395:immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders
554:HTLV-1 is associated with a rheumatoid-like
508:Motor and sensory changes in the extremities
490:HTLV myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
472:
5953:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
4259:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
1088:
577:
5992:Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin
5538:Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma
5283:Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma
5089:
5075:
3815:
3801:
3060:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
2803:
2789:
1977:
1777:
1763:
628:. It is also particularly associated with
436:, a glucose transporter, on target cells.
38:
2931:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
1747:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1713:
1613:
1446:
1405:
1321:
1311:
1270:
1229:
1219:
1178:
1168:
968:
950:
901:
792:
5518:Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
5316:Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
484:
5980:with bandlike and perivascular patterns
5942:Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
1740:International Retrovirology Association
14:
6097:
5789:Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
1504:
439:
188:Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1
6043:
6042:
5070:
4630:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
3796:
2784:
1758:
1589:
5937:X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
2346:Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
382:
5893:Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
5513:Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
4133:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
3081:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
2765:Human teratocarcinoma-derived virus
2244:Walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus
24:
1989:Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus
200:adult T-cell lymphoma virus type 1
25:
6126:
3400:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
2926:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
2041:Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus
1733:
4123:Western equine encephalomyelitis
4113:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
3386:Middle East respiratory syndrome
2312:(human immunodeficiency viruses)
1390:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02373.x
1300:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
1208:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
387:
65:
5745:CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
4248:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
2316:Simian immunodeficiency viruses
1911:Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus
1896:Ground squirrel hepatitis virus
1681:
1638:
1555:International Journal of Cancer
1542:
1508:International Journal of Cancer
1498:
1472:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
1463:
1435:The Journal of General Virology
1422:
1365:
1338:
1287:
1246:
1195:
1118:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
819:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
460:HTLV-1 is also associated with
444:
361:
309:
286:, HTLV-1 predominantly infects
5975:Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia
5967:Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia
5826:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
5704:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
5643:Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
5523:Primary cutaneous immunocytoma
5464:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
4410:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
2985:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
2971:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
2686:Soybean chlorotic mottle virus
2334:Equine infectious anemia virus
1144:
1037:
985:
918:
877:
853:
809:
549:
462:adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
456:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
450:Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
178:Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1
13:
1:
6023:Lymphoproliferative disorders
5933:Lymphoproliferative disorders
5883:Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma
5755:Lymphomatoid papulosis type A
5734:Lymphomatoid papulosis type B
5648:Lymphomatoid papulosis type A
5508:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
4667:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
3906:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
2770:Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W
2561:Strawberry vein banding virus
2340:Bovine immunodeficiency virus
2322:Feline immunodeficiency virus
2269:Abelson murine leukemia virus
1694:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1659:10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91298-5
1615:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00881-X
1484:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70081-6
1130:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70081-6
831:10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30402-5
773:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
751:
33:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
6053:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
5915:Acute biphenotypic leukaemia
5804:Subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma
4561:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
3190:Tropical spastic paraparesis
3095:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
2526:Kalanchoe top-spotting virus
2153:Avian sarcoma leukosis virus
1745:Human+T-lymphotropic+virus+1
1313:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009915
1259:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1221:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002418
1151:Gessain A, Cassar O (2012).
663:
496:Tropical spastic paraparesis
224:Tropical spastic paraparesis
220:HTLV-I-associated myelopathy
50:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
7:
6110:Infectious causes of cancer
5856:Aggressive NK-cell leukemia
5729:Pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma
5435:Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
4583:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
4571:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
3553:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
3473:Human parainfluenza viruses
3146:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
2551:Carnation etched ring virus
2218:Simian-T-lymphotropic virus
2183:Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus
903:10.1182/blood.V50.3.481.481
741:bone marrow transplantation
640:, often superinfected with
245:
10:
6131:
4595:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
4475:Sandfly fever Naples virus
2203:Human T-lymphotropic virus
565:
493:
453:
378:
354:It is also high among the
208:human T-lymphotropic virus
192:human T-lymphotropic virus
47:a micrograph showing both
6051:
6000:
5965:
5923:
5905:
5869:
5839:
5812:
5767:
5712:
5666:
5657:
5597:
5559:
5550:
5498:
5408:
5369:
5325:
5247:
5216:
5178:
5157:
5146:
5113:
5109:
5036:
5004:
4995:
4966:
4936:
4914:
4903:
4862:
4830:
4783:
4724:
4713:
4687:
4618:
4533:
4522:
4511:
4483:
4433:
4422:
4388:
4368:
4286:
4263:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
4232:
4221:
4197:
4097:
3975:
3860:
3849:
3838:
3756:
3732:
3640:
3563:
3518:
3507:
3336:
3298:
3277:
3245:
3217:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
3200:
3154:
3033:
3022:
2995:
2822:
2740:
2711:
2694:
2674:
2657:
2640:
2623:
2606:
2589:
2581:Cassava vein mosaic virus
2569:
2539:
2521:Cacao swollen shoot virus
2504:
2482:
2445:
2428:
2408:
2391:
2374:
2363:
2298:
2252:
2232:
2191:
2178:Mouse mammary tumor virus
2166:
2141:
2130:
2119:
2098:
2081:
2064:
2053:
2029:
2012:
2001:
1966:
1955:
1944:
1919:
1906:Woodchuck hepatitis virus
1884:
1867:
1850:
1825:
1803:
1157:Frontiers in Microbiology
746:stem cell transplantation
730:staphylococcal infections
649:Strongyloides stercoralis
539:Mild cognitive impairment
479:cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
473:Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
236:National Cancer Institute
60:
46:
37:
32:
6008:Hematological malignancy
5861:Blastic NK cell lymphoma
5689:Granulomatous slack skin
5445:Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
5344:Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
4879:SARS-related coronavirus
4842:Henipavirus encephalitis
4700:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
4545:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4326:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4298:Arbovirus encephalitides
4274:Arbovirus encephalitides
4244:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4209:Banna virus encephalitis
4109:Arbovirus encephalitides
4054:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4020:Saint Louis encephalitis
3987:Arbovirus encephalitides
3938:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
3872:Arbovirus encephalitides
3319:Infectious mononucleosis
3136:Chandipura vesiculovirus
2966:Hepatocellular carcinoma
2911:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
2844:Hepatocellular carcinoma
2556:Cauliflower mosaic virus
1749:Medical Subject Headings
1170:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00388
584:opportunistic infections
578:Opportunistic infections
254:belonging to the family
4983:Yaba monkey tumor virus
4340:Kyasanur Forest disease
4302:Tick-borne encephalitis
4003:Australian encephalitis
3896:California encephalitis
3115:Encephalitis lethargica
2816:viral systemic diseases
1842:Heron hepatitis B virus
952:10.1073/pnas.78.10.6476
400:about NRP-1 & HSPG
4330:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
3911:La Crosse encephalitis
3487:Human orthopneumovirus
3141:Herpesviral meningitis
3102:Arbovirus encephalitis
2531:Rubus yellow net virus
2516:Banana streak MY virus
1837:Duck hepatitis B virus
1567:10.1002/ijc.2910360107
1520:10.1002/ijc.2910410406
726:pneumocystis pneumonia
398:is missing information
5887:Angiocentric lymphoma
5477:AIDS-related lymphoma
5301:Splenic marginal zone
4763:Marburg virus disease
4314:Powassan encephalitis
3991:Japanese encephalitis
2945:Merkel-cell carcinoma
2279:Feline leukemia virus
2264:Murine leukemia virus
2224:Bovine leukemia virus
1448:10.1099/vir.0.80509-0
646:and a severe form of
643:Staphylococcus aureus
522:Bladder dysfunction (
485:Inflammatory diseases
216:adult T-cell lymphoma
5985:with nodular pattern
5684:Pagetoid reticulosis
5296:marginal zone B-cell
4189:Semliki Forest virus
3590:Adenovirus infection
3054:Human polyomavirus 2
2883:Oropharyngeal cancer
1790:Reverse transcribing
1706:10.1128/CMR.00063-09
785:10.1128/cmr.00078-21
572:intermediate uveitis
544:Erectile dysfunction
526:) and bladder cancer
278:. Few, if any, free
62:Virus classification
5484:Helicobacter pylori
5311:Nodal marginal zone
5238:Hairy cell leukemia
5104:and related disease
4736:Ebola virus disease
4400:Colorado tick fever
4155:O'nyong'nyong fever
3176:Post-polio syndrome
2812:Infectious diseases
1853:Herpetohepadnavirus
1653:(8488): 1031–1032.
1058:1981Natur.294..268P
1007:1981Natur.294..770M
943:1981PNAS...78.6476H
440:Associated diseases
268:reverse transcribed
198:), also called the
6028:Lymphoid leukemias
5948:Leukemoid reaction
5784:Angioimmunoblastic
5450:Burkitt's lymphoma
4948:Simian foamy virus
3309:Epstein–Barr virus
3279:Respiratory system
2916:Burkitt's lymphoma
2457:Simian foamy virus
2431:Prosimiispumavirus
2420:Feline foamy virus
2158:Rous sarcoma virus
1272:10.1093/cid/civ145
524:neurogenic bladder
264:positive-sense RNA
6105:Deltaretroviruses
6092:
6091:
6045:Taxon identifiers
6036:
6035:
5961:
5960:
5901:
5900:
5835:
5834:
5763:
5762:
5679:Mycosis fungoides
5546:
5545:
5404:
5403:
5348:Nodular sclerosis
5263:follicular B cell
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5055:
4991:
4990:
4899:
4898:
4709:
4708:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4418:
4417:
4217:
4216:
3962:Rift Valley fever
3790:
3789:
3752:
3751:
3503:
3502:
3434:Influenza virus A
3351:Human coronavirus
3241:
3240:
3231:Herpes of the eye
2778:
2777:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2462:Human foamy virus
2366:Spumaretrovirinae
2359:
2358:
2351:Visna-maedi virus
2235:Epsilonretrovirus
2133:Orthoretrovirinae
2115:
2114:
2049:
2048:
1997:
1996:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1901:Hepatitis B virus
1887:Orthohepadnavirus
1441:(Pt 3): 773–781.
1384:(10): 1857–1860.
1265:(11): 1667–1676.
1052:(5838): 268–271.
1001:(5843): 770–771.
937:(10): 6476–6480.
654:hyper-infestation
652:infection called
560:rheumatoid factor
429:
428:
185:
184:
16:(Redirected from
6122:
6085:
6084:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6040:
6039:
5798:Lennert lymphoma
5664:
5663:
5595:
5594:
5557:
5556:
5422:Primary effusion
5155:
5154:
5144:
5143:
5111:
5110:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5068:
5067:
5002:
5001:
4912:
4911:
4722:
4721:
4531:
4530:
4520:
4519:
4495:Chandipura virus
4431:
4430:
4371:Orthomyxoviridae
4230:
4229:
4177:Ross River fever
3942:Bunyamwera fever
3858:
3857:
3847:
3846:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3794:
3793:
3516:
3515:
3511:digestive system
3428:Orthomyxoviridae
3394:SARS coronavirus
3380:MERS coronavirus
3296:
3295:
3108:Orthomyxoviridae
3031:
3030:
2997:Immune disorders
2921:Hodgkin lymphoma
2897:Kaposi's sarcoma
2805:
2798:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2490:
2485:dsDNA-RT viruses
2372:
2371:
2284:Koala retrovirus
2139:
2138:
2128:
2127:
2062:
2061:
2010:
2009:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1963:
1958:ssRNA-RT viruses
1953:
1952:
1922:Parahepadnavirus
1870:Metahepadnavirus
1823:
1822:
1812:
1811:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1617:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1306:(12): e0009915.
1291:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1113:
1086:
1085:
1066:10.1038/294268a0
1041:
1035:
1034:
1015:10.1038/294770a0
989:
983:
982:
972:
954:
922:
916:
915:
905:
881:
875:
874:
872:
871:
857:
851:
850:
813:
807:
806:
796:
764:
695:cyclophosphamide
683:arsenic trioxide
679:interferon alpha
424:
421:
415:
391:
383:
325:Papua New Guinea
70:
69:
42:
30:
29:
27:Species of virus
21:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6080:
6075:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6047:
6037:
6032:
5996:
5957:
5919:
5907:
5897:
5865:
5844:
5831:
5808:
5769:
5759:
5708:
5653:
5601:
5599:
5574:
5569:
5563:
5542:
5494:
5400:
5377:
5365:
5321:
5259:germinal center
5243:
5212:
5174:
5150:
5148:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5105:
5095:
5065:
5052:
5032:
4997:
4987:
4962:
4932:
4906:
4895:
4858:
4833:Paramyxoviridae
4826:
4779:
4716:
4705:
4683:
4614:
4525:
4514:
4499:
4479:
4463:Pappataci fever
4456:Oropouche virus
4451:Oropouche fever
4425:
4414:
4384:
4364:
4282:
4254:Heartland virus
4224:
4213:
4193:
4165:Pogosta disease
4093:
4040:West Nile fever
3971:
3852:
3841:
3834:
3821:
3791:
3786:
3748:
3728:
3636:
3610:Gastroenteritis
3568:
3565:Gastroenteritis
3559:
3547:Cytomegalovirus
3510:
3499:
3467:Paramyxoviridae
3456:Avian influenza
3332:
3327:Cytomegalovirus
3291:viral pneumonia
3289:
3286:nasopharyngitis
3285:
3282:
3273:
3237:
3211:Cytomegalovirus
3196:
3150:
3038:
3025:
3018:
2991:
2858:Cervical cancer
2818:
2809:
2779:
2774:
2724:
2707:
2690:
2670:
2653:
2636:
2619:
2602:
2585:
2565:
2535:
2466:
2448:Simiispumavirus
2441:
2424:
2404:
2387:
2355:
2328:Puma lentivirus
2294:
2255:Gammaretrovirus
2248:
2228:
2194:Deltaretrovirus
2187:
2162:
2144:Alpharetrovirus
2111:
2094:
2077:
2045:
2025:
1993:
1932:
1915:
1880:
1863:
1846:
1828:Avihepadnavirus
1799:
1795:Revtraviricetes
1783:
1736:
1731:
1686:
1682:
1643:
1639:
1594:
1590:
1547:
1543:
1503:
1499:
1468:
1464:
1427:
1423:
1370:
1366:
1343:
1339:
1292:
1288:
1251:
1247:
1200:
1196:
1149:
1145:
1114:
1089:
1042:
1038:
990:
986:
923:
919:
882:
878:
869:
867:
859:
858:
854:
814:
810:
779:(2): e0007821.
765:
758:
754:
714:cytomegalovirus
687:corticosteroids
666:
580:
568:
552:
498:
492:
487:
475:
458:
452:
447:
442:
425:
419:
416:
409:
392:
381:
364:
329:Solomon Islands
312:
266:genome that is
260:deltaretrovirus
248:
232:Robert C. Gallo
210:(HTLV) family.
181:
165:Deltaretrovirus
129:Revtraviricetes
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6128:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6073:
6057:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6018:Leukemia cutis
6015:
6010:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5971:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5939:
5929:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5911:
5909:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5852:
5850:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5775:
5773:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5698:Sézary disease
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5672:
5670:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5645:
5633:
5632:
5629:Prolymphocytic
5619:
5605:
5603:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5584:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5504:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5480:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5425:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5389:
5387:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5351:
5340:
5338:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5287:
5286:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5254:
5252:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5229:
5227:Prolymphocytic
5223:
5221:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5198:
5185:
5183:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5163:
5161:
5152:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5107:
5106:
5094:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5071:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
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4310:
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4095:
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4079:
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4037:
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4027:
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4017:
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4015:
4010:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3983:
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3893:
3892:
3891:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3868:
3866:
3855:
3844:
3836:
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3827:viral diseases
3820:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3788:
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3770:
3762:
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3690:
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3458:
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3404:
3403:
3402:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3376:
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3374:
3342:
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3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3304:
3302:
3293:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3251:
3249:
3247:Cardiovascular
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3206:
3204:
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3192:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3160:
3158:
3152:
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3149:
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3143:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3028:
3026:nervous system
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2988:
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2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2956:
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2949:
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2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2878:Vaginal cancer
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2834:
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2826:
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2819:
2808:
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2604:
2603:
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2600:
2597:
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2584:
2583:
2577:
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2553:
2547:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2499:
2496:Caulimoviridae
2488:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
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2442:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2411:Felispumavirus
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:Equispumavirus
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:Bovispumavirus
2369:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2169:Betaretrovirus
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2136:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2059:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1820:
1817:Hepadnaviridae
1809:
1801:
1800:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1735:
1734:External links
1732:
1730:
1729:
1700:(3): 577–589.
1680:
1637:
1608:(4): 449–459.
1588:
1541:
1514:(4): 505–512.
1497:
1478:(4): 266–281.
1462:
1421:
1378:Cancer Science
1364:
1353:(5): 460–467.
1337:
1286:
1245:
1194:
1143:
1124:(4): 266–281.
1087:
1036:
984:
917:
896:(3): 481–492.
876:
852:
825:(1): 133–143.
808:
755:
753:
750:
718:histoplasmosis
691:plasmapheresis
681:and CHOP with
665:
662:
630:bronchiectasis
591:T-helper cells
579:
576:
567:
564:
551:
548:
547:
546:
541:
528:
527:
520:
515:
509:
494:Main article:
491:
488:
486:
483:
474:
471:
454:Main article:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
427:
426:
395:
393:
386:
380:
377:
376:
375:
372:
363:
360:
311:
308:
258:and the genus
247:
244:
183:
182:
175:
173:
169:
168:
161:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
137:
133:
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125:
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117:Artverviricota
113:
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101:
97:
96:
89:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6083:
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6046:
6041:
6029:
6026:
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6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
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5951:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5925:Lymphocytosis
5922:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5904:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5842:
5838:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5779:Hepatosplenic
5777:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5735:
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5730:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5705:
5702:
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5700:
5699:
5696:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5625:
5624:prolymphocyte
5621:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5596:
5593:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5533:Plasmacytosis
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5490:
5489:MALT lymphoma
5486:
5485:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5361:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5292:marginal zone
5289:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5246:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5215:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5145:
5142:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5103:
5099:
5092:
5087:
5085:
5080:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5007:Rhabdoviridae
5003:
5000:
4994:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4917:Herpesviridae
4913:
4910:
4908:
4902:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4865:Coronaviridae
4861:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:Rhabdoviridae
4782:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4712:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4690:Herpesviridae
4686:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4510:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4486:Rhabdoviridae
4482:
4476:
4473:
4469:
4468:Toscana virus
4466:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4421:
4411:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4380:Bourbon virus
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4220:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4170:Sindbis virus
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3818:
3813:
3811:
3806:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3479:Parainfluenza
3477:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3315:EBV infection
3313:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Poliomyelitis
3169:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:Vulvar cancer
2871:
2869:
2868:Penile cancer
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2056:Pseudoviridae
2052:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1969:Belpaoviridae
1965:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:Blubervirales
1802:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
988:
980:
976:
971:
966:
962:
958:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
921:
913:
909:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
866:
862:
856:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
812:
804:
800:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
763:
761:
756:
749:
747:
742:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
705:Valproic acid
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
661:
659:
655:
651:
650:
645:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
575:
573:
563:
561:
557:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
535:
533:
525:
521:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
506:
505:
502:
497:
482:
480:
470:
468:
463:
457:
437:
435:
423:
413:
407:
403:
399:
396:This section
394:
390:
385:
384:
373:
370:
369:
368:
359:
357:
352:
350:
346:
341:
340:IV drug users
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
316:
307:
303:
299:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:viral synapse
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
243:
241:
237:
233:
227:
225:
221:
217:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
180:
179:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
68:
63:
59:
56:
52:
51:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
6052:
5876:
5820:
5819:
5813:By infection
5694:
5693:
5675:
5636:
5622:
5600:development/
5528:Plasmacytoma
5482:
5470:
5456:
5427:
5415:
5409:By infection
5392:
5353:
5290:
5257:
5231:
5200:
5190:naive B cell
5188:
5149:development/
5037:
5028:Mokola virus
5005:
4967:
4952:
4939:Retroviridae
4937:
4925:
4915:
4863:
4831:
4784:
4725:
4698:
4688:
4621:Bunyavirales
4619:
4536:Arenaviridae
4534:
4484:
4436:Bunyavirales
4434:
4389:
4369:
4355:Langat virus
4289:Flaviviridae
4287:
4278:Bhanja virus
4235:Bunyavirales
4233:
4198:
4098:
4070:Yellow fever
4058:Dengue fever
3978:Flaviviridae
3976:
3921:Tahyna virus
3886:Bwamba Fever
3863:Bunyavirales
3861:
3772:
3765:
3741:
3734:Pancreatitis
3716:
3704:
3692:
3680:
3673:
3654:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3603:
3582:
3545:
3531:
3492:
3485:
3471:
3465:
3432:
3426:
3406:
3392:
3378:
3349:
3325:
3307:
3262:Pericarditis
3254:
3223:
3209:
3183:
3182:
3163:
3121:
3106:
3087:
3073:
3052:
3035:Encephalitis
3004:
2978:
2977:
2958:
2937:
2903:
2889:
2850:
2836:
2714:Vaccinivirus
2712:
2695:
2675:
2660:Solendovirus
2658:
2643:Ruflodivirus
2641:
2626:Rosadnavirus
2624:
2607:
2590:
2570:
2542:Caulimovirus
2540:
2505:
2494:
2446:
2429:
2409:
2392:
2375:
2364:
2299:
2274:Friend virus
2253:
2233:
2206:
2192:
2167:
2142:
2131:
2122:Retroviridae
2120:
2099:
2082:
2065:
2054:
2030:
2015:Errantivirus
2013:
2002:
1978:
1967:
1947:Ortervirales
1945:
1920:
1885:
1868:
1851:
1826:
1815:
1804:
1793:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1561:(1): 37–41.
1558:
1554:
1544:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1214:(9): e2418.
1211:
1207:
1197:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1121:
1117:
1049:
1045:
1039:
998:
994:
987:
934:
930:
920:
893:
889:
879:
868:. Retrieved
864:
855:
822:
818:
811:
776:
772:
738:
703:
667:
658:Tuberculosis
647:
641:
623:
588:
581:
569:
553:
529:
503:
499:
476:
459:
445:Malignancies
430:
420:January 2023
417:
397:
365:
362:Transmission
353:
337:
317:
313:
310:Epidemiology
304:
300:
292:
288:CD4+ T cells
256:retroviridae
250:HTLV-1 is a
249:
228:
212:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:
177:
176:
164:
153:Retroviridae
152:
141:Ortervirales
140:
128:
116:
105:Pararnavirae
104:
92:
85:
75:(unranked):
49:
48:
5695:aggressive:
5668:MF+variants
5207:Mantle cell
5202:mantle zone
4727:Filoviridae
4549:Lassa fever
4445:Adria virus
4143:Chikungunya
4100:Togaviridae
4030:Usutu virus
3952:Ngari virus
3876:Batai virus
3631:Coronavirus
3372:Common cold
3284:acute viral
3267:Myocarditis
3111:(probable)
2863:Anal cancer
2697:Tungrovirus
2592:Dioscovirus
2572:Cavemovirus
2220:(types 1-4)
2084:Pseudovirus
2004:Metaviridae
1980:Semotivirus
865:www.who.int
734:HIV testing
556:arthropathy
550:Arthropathy
349:New Orleans
262:. It has a
6099:Categories
5771:peripheral
5268:Follicular
5098:Leukaemias
5039:Poxviridae
4969:Poxviridae
4889:SARS-CoV-2
4391:Reoviridae
4269:Tete virus
4200:Reoviridae
4082:Zika fever
3931:Tete virus
3829:(A80–B34,
3758:Urogenital
3624:Astrovirus
3584:Adenovirus
3408:SARS-CoV-2
3165:Poliovirus
3040:meningitis
2742:Endogenous
2677:Soymovirus
2507:Badnavirus
2301:Lentivirus
870:2023-10-27
752:References
739:Allogenic
710:zidovudine
699:interferon
675:zidovudine
638:dermatitis
345:New Jersey
252:retrovirus
218:(ATL) and
204:retrovirus
5906:Lymphoid+
5676:indolent:
5659:Cutaneous
5500:Cutaneous
5278:GCB DLBCL
5273:Burkitt's
5102:lymphomas
5048:Monkeypox
3840:Arthropod
3669:RNA virus
3650:DNA virus
3642:Hepatitis
3617:Norovirus
3605:Rotavirus
3599:RNA virus
3578:DNA virus
3524:Esophagus
3452:Influenza
3338:RNA virus
3300:DNA virus
3069:RNA virus
3048:DNA virus
2954:RNA virus
2832:DNA virus
2824:Oncovirus
2609:Petuvirus
2101:Sirevirus
2067:Hemivirus
2032:Metavirus
1792:viruses (
1398:1349-7006
847:204883551
664:Treatment
634:pneumonia
534:include:
412:talk page
172:Species:
100:Kingdom:
93:Riboviria
6068:Q1280388
6062:Wikidata
6013:leukemia
5571:leukemia
5566:lymphoma
5125:leukemia
5120:lymphoma
4996:Multiple
4884:SARS-CoV
4874:MERS-CoV
4063:DENV-1-4
3851:Mosquito
3824:Zoonotic
3767:BK virus
3570:diarrhea
3414:COVID-19
3156:Myelitis
1724:20610824
1632:14399680
1624:14622599
1536:24275659
1492:17376384
1457:15722539
1416:22738276
1332:34879069
1281:25722199
1240:24086779
1189:23162541
1138:17376384
839:31648940
803:35195446
467:indolent
406:21114861
272:provirus
246:Virology
148:Family:
112:Phylum:
6001:General
5908:myeloid
5870:T or NK
5841:NK cell
5195:CLL/SLL
4998:vectors
4978:Tanapox
4927:B virus
4905:Primate
4424:Sandfly
4250:(CCHFV)
3831:042–079
3520:Pharynx
3024:Central
2214:, 3, 4)
1715:2901658
1675:5095354
1667:2871307
1583:9790144
1575:2862109
1528:2895748
1407:7659271
1359:2016683
1323:8654171
1231:3784485
1180:3498738
1163:: 388.
1074:6272125
1054:Bibcode
1031:4361348
1023:6275274
1003:Bibcode
979:7031654
939:Bibcode
794:8941934
722:scabies
593:called
566:Uveitis
512:Spastic
379:Tropism
333:Vanuatu
319:and in
280:virions
234:at the
206:of the
202:, is a
160:Genus:
136:Order:
124:Class:
5845:(most
5821:HTLV-1
5713:Non-MF
5602:marker
5575:(most
5561:T cell
5233:CD11c+
5151:marker
5129:(most
5115:B cell
5016:Rabies
4958:HTLV-2
4953:HTLV-1
4907:-borne
4795:Rabies
4717:-borne
4526:-borne
4524:Rodent
4515:-borne
4513:Mammal
4447:(ADRV)
4426:-borne
4225:-borne
3853:-borne
3842:-borne
3184:HTLV-I
3129:Rabies
2979:HTLV-I
2755:ERVWE1
2750:ERV-Fc
2336:(EIAV)
2286:(KoRV)
2212:HTLV-2
2207:HTLV-1
1751:(MeSH)
1722:
1712:
1673:
1665:
1647:Lancet
1630:
1622:
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1082:262992
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1072:
1046:Nature
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995:Nature
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970:349062
967:
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912:301762
910:
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801:
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728:, and
697:, and
671:R-CHOP
626:sepsis
518:Clonus
404:
331:, and
327:, the
321:Fujian
295:capsid
196:HTLV-I
18:HTLV-I
6082:11908
5768:Other
5638:CD30+
5384:CD138
5355:CD20+
5249:CD79a
4756:ZEBOV
4660:THAIV
4148:CHIKV
3780:Mumps
3539:Mumps
3509:Human
2939:MCPyV
2342:(BIV)
2330:(PLV)
2324:(FIV)
2318:(SIV)
1786:Virus
1671:S2CID
1628:S2CID
1579:S2CID
1532:S2CID
1078:S2CID
1027:S2CID
961:11091
957:JSTOR
890:Blood
843:S2CID
677:with
619:IL-13
615:IL-10
603:TNF-α
599:IFN-γ
434:GLUT1
356:Inuit
240:serum
86:Realm
79:Virus
6077:NCBI
5847:CD56
5741:CD30
5720:CD30
5608:TdT+
5552:T/NK
5417:KSHV
5393:see
5380:CD38
5371:PCDs
5335:CD30
5331:CD15
5306:MALT
5218:CD22
5159:TdT+
5136:CD20
5131:CD19
5021:RABV
4822:CHPV
4810:DUVV
4805:MOKV
4800:ABLV
4773:RAVV
4768:MARV
4751:TAFV
4746:SUDV
4741:BDBV
4672:ANDV
4655:AMRV
4650:SEOV
4645:PUUV
4640:HTNV
4635:DOBV
4610:CHPV
4605:LUJV
4599:MACV
4588:SABV
4576:JUNV
4565:GTOV
4554:LASV
4404:CTFV
4359:LGTV
4348:AHFV
4344:KFDV
4334:OHFV
4319:POWV
4307:TBEV
4223:Tick
4159:ONNV
4137:VEEV
4127:WEEV
4117:EEEV
4087:ZIKV
4034:USUV
4024:SLEV
4013:KUNV
4008:MVEV
3966:RVFV
3956:NRIV
3946:BUNV
3925:TAHV
3915:LACV
3890:BWAV
3880:BATV
3494:hMPV
3366:OC43
3362:HKU1
3358:NL63
3354:229E
3012:AIDS
2891:KSHV
2760:HCP5
1720:PMID
1663:PMID
1620:PMID
1602:Cell
1571:PMID
1524:PMID
1488:PMID
1453:PMID
1412:PMID
1394:ISSN
1355:PMID
1328:PMID
1277:PMID
1236:PMID
1185:PMID
1134:PMID
1070:PMID
1019:PMID
975:PMID
908:PMID
835:PMID
799:PMID
617:and
611:IL-5
607:IL-4
601:and
532:HTLV
402:PMID
53:and
5878:EBV
5743:+:
5722:-:
5612:ALL
5587:CD8
5582:CD4
5577:CD3
5472:HIV
5458:HCV
5429:EBV
5333:+,
5180:CD5
5166:ALL
4852:NiV
4847:HeV
4815:LBV
4715:Bat
4677:SNV
4182:RRV
4075:YFV
4045:WNV
3996:JEV
3900:CEV
3774:MuV
3743:CBV
3718:HEV
3706:HDV
3694:HCV
3682:HAV
3675:CBV
3656:HBV
3533:MuV
3464:V,
3256:CBV
3225:HSV
3202:Eye
3089:LCV
3075:MeV
3006:HIV
2960:HCV
2905:EBV
2852:HPV
2838:HBV
2310:HIV
1710:PMC
1702:doi
1655:doi
1610:doi
1606:115
1563:doi
1516:doi
1480:doi
1443:doi
1402:PMC
1386:doi
1382:103
1318:PMC
1308:doi
1267:doi
1226:PMC
1216:doi
1175:PMC
1165:doi
1126:doi
1062:doi
1050:294
1011:doi
999:294
965:PMC
947:doi
898:doi
827:doi
789:PMC
781:doi
595:Th1
284:HIV
190:or
55:HIV
6101::
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5598:By
5386:+)
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