Haplogroup L-M20 - Knowledge

3634: 38: 6266:

Biaslan Ch. Atabiev, Rabadan G. Magomedov, Philipp L. Kohl, Kurt W. Alt, Sandra L. Pichler, Claudia Gerling, Harald Meller, Benik Vardanyan, Larisa Yeganyan, Alexey D. Rezepkin, Dirk Mariaschk, Natalia Berezina, Julia Gresky, Katharina Fuchs, Corina Knipper, Stephan Schiffels, Elena Balanovska, Oleg Balanovsky, Iain Mathieson, Thomas Higham, Yakov B. Berezin, Alexandra Buzhilova, Viktor Trifonov, Ron Pinhasi, Andrej B. Belinskiy, David Reich, Svend Hansen, Johannes Krause, Wolfgang Haak bioRxiv 322347; doi:

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new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

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This part of the M9 Eurasian clan migrated south once they reached the rugged and mountainous Pamir Knot region. The man who gave rise to marker M20 was possibly born in India or the Middle East. His ancestors arrived in India around 30,000 years ago and represent the earliest significant settlement

3187:

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single

231:

There are several confirmed and proposed phylogenetic trees available for haplogroup L-M20. The scientifically accepted one is the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) one published in Karafet 2008 and subsequently updated. A draft tree that shows emerging science is provided by Thomas Krahn at the Genomic

6265:

Chuan-Chao Wang, Sabine Reinhold, Alexey Kalmykov, Antje Wissgott, Guido Brandt, Choongwon Jeong, Olivia Cheronet, Matthew Ferry, Eadaoin Harney, Denise Keating, Swapan Mallick, Nadin Rohland, Kristin Stewardson, Anatoly R. Kantorovich, Vladimir E. Maslov, Vladimira G. Petrenko, Vladimir R. Erlikh,

1142:

male lineages in Afghanistan, found that Haplogroup L-M20, with an overall frequency of 9.5%, is the second most abundant male lineage among them. It exhibits substantial disparity in its distribution on either side of the Hindu Kush range, with 25% of the northern Afghan Pashtuns belonging to this

450:

Sengupta et al. (2006) observed three subbranches of haplogroup L: L1-M76 (L1a1), L2-M317 (L1b) and L3-M357 (L1a2), with distinctive geographic affiliations. Almost all Indian members of haplogroup L are L1 derived, with L3-M357 occurring only sporadically (0.4%). Conversely in Pakistan, L3-M357

445:

One Y-chromosome haplogroup (L-M20) has a high mean frequency of 14% in Pakistan and so differs from all other haplogroups in its frequency distribution. L-M20 is also observed, although at lower frequencies, in neighbouring countries, such as India, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Russia. Both the

4293:

K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik

1143:

lineage, compared with only 4.8% of males from the south. Specifically, paragroup L3*-M357 accounts for the majority of the L-M20 chromosomes among Afghan Pashtuns in both the north (20.5%) and south (4.1%). An earlier study involving a lesser number of samples had reported that

451:

subclade account for 86% of L-M20 chromosomes and reaches an intermediate frequency of 6.8%, overall. L1-M76 occurs at a frequency of 7.5% in India and 5.1% in Pakistan, exhibiting peak variance distribution in the Maharashtra region in coastal western India.

1640:(Spain). The sizes of the samples analyzed in this study were generally quite small, so it is possible that the actual frequency of Haplogroup L-M20 among Mediterranean European populations may be slightly lower or higher than that reported by Semino 7764:

Pichler I, Mueller JC, Stefanov SA, De Grandi A, Volpato CB, Pinggera GK, et al. (December 2009). "Genetic structure in contemporary South Tyrolean isolated populations revealed by analysis of Y-chromosome, mtDNA, and Alu polymorphisms. 2006".

421:. These people arrived in India approximately 30,000 years ago. Hence, it is hypothesized that the ancestry component of the first bearer of M20 marker was associated with East Anatolia or North Mesopotamia. Other studies have proposed either a 1579:

Researchers studying samples of Y-DNA from populations of East Asia have rarely tested their samples for any of the mutations that define Haplogroup L. However, mutations for Haplogroup L have been tested and detected in samples of

5244: 5242: 5239: 3417:

This is the official scientific tree produced by the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). The last major update was in 2008. Subsequent updates have been quarterly and biannual. The current version is a revision of the 2010 update.

7285:

Di Giacomo F, Luca F, Anagnou N, Ciavarella G, Corbo RM, Cresta M, et al. (September 2003). "Clinal patterns of human Y chromosomal diversity in continental Italy and Greece are dominated by drift and founder effects".

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and identified one individual (ALA084) c. 2006-1777 BC as belonging to haplogroup L-L595 (L2). Ingman et al. (2021) analyzed more skeletons from Alalakh and identified another individual belonging to haplogroup L-M349

8250:

Weale ME, Yepiskoposyan L, Jager RF, Hovhannisyan N, Khudoyan A, Burbage-Hall O, et al. (December 2001). "Armenian Y chromosome haplotypes reveal strong regional structure within a single ethno-national group".

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males carry L-M349 under the clade L-Y130640. This percentage is most likely due to a founder effect in their population making them the only group on the African continent with any substantial proportion of L-M20.

521:

Preliminary evidence gleaned from non-scientific sources, such as individuals who have had their Y-chromosomes tested by commercial labs, suggests that most European examples of Haplogroup L-M20 might belong to the

446:

frequency distribution and estimated expansion time (~7,000 YBP) of this lineage suggest that its spread in the Indus Valley may be associated with the expansion of local farming groups during the Neolithic period.

7970:

Scozzari R, Cruciani F, Pangrazio A, Santolamazza P, Vona G, Moral P, et al. (September 2001). "Human Y-chromosome variation in the western Mediterranean area: implications for the peopling of the region".

8010:

Semino O, Passarino G, Oefner PJ, Lin AA, Arbuzova S, Beckman LE, et al. (November 2000). "The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective".

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ancestry - found that 13.8% of Lemba males carried the Y-DNA L-M20, specifically the subclade L-M349 making it the 4th most common lineage amongst them. A Lemba sample from South Africa submitted to

8049:"Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists" 5251:"Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists" 7552:

Larmuseau MH, Vanderheyden N, Jacobs M, Coomans M, Larno L, Decorte R (March 2011). "Micro-geographic distribution of Y-chromosomal variation in the central-western European region Brabant".

1620:(Volume 290, 10 November 2000) reported the detection of the M11-G mutation, which is one of the mutations that defines Haplogroup L, in approximately 1% to 3% of samples from 2633:), were also identified as belonging to haplogroup L1a. One individual's genome indicated that he had red hair and blue eyes. Their genetic data is listed in the table below. 4129: 3580: 3350: 6881:

Boattini A, Castrì L, Sarno S, Useli A, Cioffi M, Sazzini M, et al. (March 2013). "mtDNA variation in East Africa unravels the history of Afro-Asiatic groups".

3737: 3727: 6844:

Beleza S, Gusmão L, Lopes A, Alves C, Gomes I, Giouzeli M, et al. (March 2006). "Micro-phylogeographic and demographic history of Portuguese male lineages".

4156:

Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".

3824: 3807: 598:) It is also found at low frequencies in other populations from Junagarh district and Uttara Kannada. L-M20 is the single largest male lineage (36.8%) among the 8798:

Underhill PA, Shen P, Lin AA, Jin L, Passarino G, Yang WH, et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations".

2644:

and identified 2 individuals as belonging to haplogroup L1a. One of these specimens was found in Bustan and the other in Sappali Tepe; both ascertained to be

3815: 8133:

Tarkhnishvili D, Gavashelishvili A, Murtskhvaladze M, Gabelaia M, Tevzadze G (2014). "Human paternal lineages, languages, and environment in the Caucasus".

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were reported in a 2020 study supplementary. Possible but unconfirmed cases of L2 include 4% (1/25) L-M11(xM76, M27, M317, M357) in a sample of Iranians in

3570: 6980:

Cinnioğlu C, King R, Kivisild T, Kalfoğlu E, Atasoy S, Cavalleri GL, et al. (January 2004). "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia".

3974: 3967: 3960: 8217:"New genetic evidence supports isolation and drift in the Ladin communities of the South Tyrolean Alps but not an ancient origin in the Middle East" 8921: 4083: 4078: 5826:"Genetic diversity on the Comoros Islands shows early seafaring as major determinant of human biocultural evolution in the Western Indian Ocean" 7070:"Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome variation provides evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians" 1644:, but there seems to be no study to date that has described more precisely the distribution of Haplogroup L-M20 in Southwest Asia and Europe. 3182: 2065: 2053: 717:

flourished during 3300–1300 BC with its mature period between 2600 and 1900 BCE. L-M357's highest frequency and diversity is found in the

2637: 2101: 2045: 1880: 4922:

McElreavey K, Quintana-Murci L (2005). "A population genetics perspective of the Indus Valley through uniparentally-inherited markers".

1668: 237: 7156:"Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia" 6408:"Human mobility at Tell Atchana (Alalakh), Hatay, Turkey during the 2nd millennium BC: Integration of isotopic and genomic evidence" 6145:"Autosomal genetics and Y-chromosome haplogroup L1b-M317 reveal Mount Lebanon Maronites as a persistently non-emigrating population" 7845:

Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Gayden T, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ (2006). "Iran: tricontinental nexus for Y-chromosome driven migration".

1685: 8626:"Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages" 8904: 5825: 5321:"Population differentiation of southern Indian male lineages correlates with agricultural expansions predating the caste system" 4134: 7326: 4692: 4658: 8863:"Extended Y chromosome investigation suggests postglacial migrations of modern humans into East Asia via the northern route" 8517:"A predominantly indigenous paternal heritage for the Austronesian-speaking peoples of insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" 7466:"High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea" 5699:

Liu SH, N, Yilihamu, R Bake (2018). "A study of genetic diversity of three isolated populations in Xinjiang using Y-SNP".

850:

haplogroup L-M20 was found in 7 out of 20 (35%). However, studies done on bigger samples showed that L-M20 averages 5% in

8910: 8452: 8172:"Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA" 6801:"The Geographic Origins of Ethnic Groups in the Indian Subcontinent: Exploring Ancient Footprints with Y-DNA Haplogroups" 4811:"Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA" 4429: 831: 5158:"The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system" 8836: 7626:"Temporal differentiation across a West-European Y-chromosomal cline: genealogy as a tool in human population genetics" 8595:

Jobling MA, Tyler-Smith C (August 2000). "New uses for new haplotypes the human Y chromosome, disease and selection".

3618: 3575: 3550: 153: 7668: 8952: 2456:

L2-L595 is extremely rare, and has been identified by private testing in individuals from Europe and Western Asia.

8341:

Young KL, Sun G, Deka R, Crawford MH (August 2011). "Paternal genetic history of the Basque population of Spain".

4275:

Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

3608: 933: 8926: 828: 157: 8843:

Population-genetic study of the peoples of Dagestan on the data on Y-chromosome and ATD-insertion polymorphism

8560:

Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Redd AJ, Jarjanazi H, Santachiara-Benerecetti S, Soodyall H, et al. (July 2001).

8838:ПОПУЛЯЦИОННО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАРОДОВ ДАГЕСТАНА ПО ДАННЫМ О ПОЛИМОРФИЗМЕ У-ХРОМОСОМЫ И АТД-ИНСЕРЦИЙ 8757:"Y-Chromosome evidence for a northward migration of modern humans into Eastern Asia during the last Ice Age" 6465:

Lazaridis I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Acar A, Açıkkol A, Agelarakis A, Aghikyan L, et al. (August 2022).

4321:

Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

8624:

Kalaydjieva L, Calafell F, Jobling MA, Angelicheva D, de Knijff P, Rosser ZH, et al. (February 2001).

4330:

Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

2672: 2132:

in 2023 was found to carry a yet unnamed L-M349 subclade of L-FT408126 which was closest to 2 samples from

7207:

Firasat S, Khaliq S, Mohyuddin A, Papaioannou M, Tyler-Smith C, Underhill PA, et al. (January 2007).

5567:

Haber M, Platt DE, Ashrafian Bonab M, Youhanna SC, Soria-Hernanz DF, Martínez-Cruz B, et al. (2012).

3586: 437:

farmers. Genetic studies suggest that L-M20 may be one of the haplogroups of the original creators of the

6347:

Skourtanioti E, Erdal YS, Frangipane M, Balossi Restelli F, Yener KA, Pinnock F, et al. (May 2020).

526:

L2-M317, which is, among South Asian populations, generally the rarest of the subclades of Haplogroup L.

8288:

Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, Underhill PA, Evseeva I, Blue-Smith J, et al. (August 2001).

7113:"Geographical structure of the Y-chromosomal genetic landscape of the Levant: a coastal-inland contrast" 5515:

Lacau H, Gayden T, Regueiro M, Chennakrishnaiah S, Bukhari A, Underhill PA, et al. (October 2012).

4469:

Lacau H, Gayden T, Regueiro M, Chennakrishnaiah S, Bukhari A, Underhill PA, et al. (October 2012).

6248: 3437: 697:) Haplogroup L-M20 is currently present in the Indian population at an overall frequency of ca. 7-15%. 259: 20: 7937:"High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males" 7252:"Isolates in a corridor of migrations: a high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variation in Jordan" 5771:"Lemba origins revisited: tracing the ancestry of Y chromosomes in South African and Zimbabwean Lemba" 3461:

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.

8714:"New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree" 6280:

Narasimhan VM, Patterson N, Moorjani P, Rohland N, Bernardos R, Mallick S, et al. (2019-09-06).

714: 611: 438: 278:

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft tree Proposed Tree for haplogroup L-M20:

8515:

Capelli C, Wilson JF, Richards M, Stumpf MP, Gratrix F, Oppenheimer S, et al. (February 2001).

7985: 7729:

Malyarchuk B, Derenko M, Denisova G, Khoyt S, Woźniak M, Grzybowski T, et al. (December 2013).

7583:"The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations" 7509:

Lappalainen T, Laitinen V, Salmela E, Andersen P, Huoponen K, Savontaus ML, et al. (May 2008).

6910:

Caciagli L, Bulayeva K, Bulayev O, Bertoncini S, Taglioli L, Pagani L, et al. (December 2009).

5304: 5298:"Analysis of Y-chromosome Diversity in Lingayat and Vokkaliga Populations of Southern India". 2011. 5199:"The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations" 547:

castes (ca. 5-6%). The presence of haplogroup L-M20 is quite rare among tribal groups (ca. 5,6-7%) (

6194: 5976:

Balanovsky O, Dibirova K, Dybo A, Mudrak O, Frolova S, Pocheshkhova E, et al. (October 2011).

5319:

Arunkumar G, Soria-Hernanz DF, Kavitha VJ, Arun VS, Syama A, Ashokan KS, et al. (2012-11-28).

4965:

Thangaraj K, Naidu BP, Crivellaro F, Tamang R, Upadhyay S, Sharma VK, et al. (December 2010).

3797: 2240: 1808: 953: 6912:"The key role of patrilineal inheritance in shaping the genetic variation of Dagestan highlanders" 6514:

Margaryan A, Lawson DJ, Sikora M, Racimo F, Rasmussen S, Moltke I, et al. (September 2020).

6406:

Ingman T, Eisenmann S, Skourtanioti E, Akar M, Ilgner J, Gnecchi Ruscone GA, et al. (2021).

6093: 5949:. (2009), "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe." 5824:

Msaidie S, Ducourneau A, Boetsch G, Longepied G, Papa K, Allibert C, et al. (January 2011).

4762:"Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: a study of 560 Y chromosomes" 4000: 2204: 394: 8047:

Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006).

7882:

Sahoo S, Singh A, Himabindu G, Banerjee J, Sitalaximi T, Gaikwad S, et al. (January 2006).

7688:"The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations" 6579:

Lazaridis I, Nadel D, Rollefson G, Merrett DC, Rohland N, Mallick S, et al. (August 2016).

6212: 6143:

Platt DE, Artinian H, Mouzaya F, Khalil W, Kamar FG, Matisoo-Smith E, et al. (April 2021).

5249:

Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006).

8170:

Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Singh VK, Bhaskar LV, Reddy BM, et al. (August 2006).

7980: 7068:

Dulik MC, Zhadanov SI, Osipova LP, Askapuli A, Gau L, Gokcumen O, et al. (February 2012).

6713:

Basu A, Mukherjee N, Roy S, Sengupta S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty M, et al. (October 2003).

6230: 6051:

Yunusbayev B, Metspalu M, Järve M, Kutuev I, Rootsi S, Metspalu E, et al. (January 2012).

5299: 4967:"The influence of natural barriers in shaping the genetic structure of Maharashtra populations" 4809:

Thanseem I, Thangaraj K, Chaubey G, Singh VK, Bhaskar LV, Reddy BM, et al. (August 2006).

3989: 3981: 3721: 1824: 89: 8669:"Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes" 8460: 7624:

Larmuseau MH, Ottoni C, Raeymaekers JA, Vanderheyden N, Larmuseau HF, Decorte R (April 2012).

7388:"Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes" 7209:"Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan" 6756:

Battaglia V, Fornarino S, Al-Zahery N, Olivieri A, Pala M, Myres NM, et al. (June 2009).

4231:

F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.

2860: 2850: 1159:(20 to 61.54%), and is found at lower levels in Kyrgyz, Tajik, Uzbek and Turkmen populations. 721:

province at 28% with a moderate distribution among the general Pakistani population at 11.6% (

7581:

Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, et al. (February 2003).

7343:

Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H, Omoto K, Harihara S, Stoneking M, et al. (January 2006).

7154:

Fedorova SA, Reidla M, Metspalu E, Metspalu M, Rootsi S, Tambets K, et al. (June 2013).

6668:

Abu-Amero KK, Hellani A, González AM, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, Underhill PA (September 2009).

6349:"Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus" 5197:

Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, et al. (February 2003).

4051: 3897: 1876: 1840: 1836: 1820: 1812: 1280: 718: 468: 223:. The subclade L2 (L-L595) has been found in Europe and Western Asia, but is extremely rare. 188: 66: 7686:

Luis JR, Rowold DJ, Regueiro M, Caeiro B, Cinnioğlu C, Roseman C, et al. (March 2004).

5569:"Afghanistan's ethnic groups share a Y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events" 5029:"Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population Reveals Several Different Ancient Origins" 8301: 8215:

Thomas MG, Barnes I, Weale ME, Jones AL, Forster P, Bradman N, et al. (January 2008).

8090:

Shah AM, Tamang R, Moorjani P, Rani DS, Govindaraj P, Kulkarni G, et al. (July 2011).

8019: 7895: 7429:

Karafet TM, Hallmark B, Cox MP, Sudoyo H, Downey S, Lansing JS, et al. (August 2010).

7167: 7030: 6600: 6592: 6527: 6419: 6293: 5890:

Shah AM, Tamang R, Moorjani P, Rani DS, Govindaraj P, Kulkarni G, et al. (July 2011).

5650: 5580: 5452: 5395: 4978: 4873: 4573: 4090: 4009: 3944: 3888: 3873: 3859: 3780: 3752: 2855: 2626: 2264: 1861: 1828: 1338: 1112: 464: 161: 8578: 8561: 7345:"Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes" 7111:

El-Sibai M, Platt DE, Haber M, Xue Y, Youhanna SC, Wells RS, et al. (November 2009).

5637:

Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, Temori SA, et al. (2013).

5439:

Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, Temori SA, et al. (2013).

2274:

A Chinese study published in 2018 found L-M357/L1307 in 7.8% (5/64) of a sample of Loplik

1023:

15.6% ( 4/32 of L-M76 and 1/32 of L-317 ) 1.91% (2/157=1.27% L-M76 and 1/157=0.64% L-M357)

8: 3601: 3555: 1816: 1194: 8388:

Zalloua PA, Xue Y, Khalife J, Makhoul N, Debiane L, Platt DE, et al. (April 2008).

8305: 8023: 7899: 7171: 7034: 6596: 6531: 6491: 6466: 6423: 5654: 5584: 5456: 5399: 4982: 4877: 4577: 3647:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

756:

L1a and L1c-M357 are found at 24% among Balochis, L1a and L1c are found at 8% among the

8823: 8781: 8756: 8738: 8713: 8695: 8668: 8655: 8543: 8516: 8414: 8389: 8376: 8276: 8198: 8171: 8158: 8116: 8091: 8073: 8048: 7918: 7883: 7870: 7802:

Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Helgason A, Mazhar K, Mansoor A, et al. (May 2002).

7790: 7712: 7687: 7650: 7625: 7540: 7492: 7465: 7412: 7387: 7374: 7233: 7208: 7190: 7155: 7137: 7112: 7094: 7069: 7056: 7017:

Cordaux R, Aunger R, Bentley G, Nasidze I, Sirajuddin SM, Stoneking M (February 2004).

7005: 6869: 6827: 6800: 6782: 6757: 6696: 6669: 6623: 6580: 6561: 6442: 6407: 6388: 6324: 6281: 6171: 6144: 6002: 5977: 5916: 5891: 5853: 5810: 5673: 5638: 5603: 5568: 5541: 5516: 5475: 5440: 5416: 5383: 5347: 5320: 5275: 5250: 5055: 5028: 5001: 4966: 4947: 4899: 4860:

Cordaux R, Aunger R, Bentley G, Nasidze I, Sirajuddin SM, Stoneking M (February 2004).

4837: 4810: 4786: 4761: 4711:

Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Helgason A, Mazhar K, Mansoor A, et al. (May 2002).

4604: 4591: 4561: 4495: 4470: 4181: 4019: 3693: 3676: 2464: 1896: 1223: 939: 544: 8608: 8485: 7994: 7828: 7803: 7607: 7582: 7299: 6945:

Cadenas AM, Zhivotovsky LA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ (March 2008).

6739: 6714: 5223: 5198: 4737: 4712: 4536: 4198: 19:

This article is about the human Y-DNA haplogroup. For the human mtDNA haplogroup, see

8884: 8815: 8786: 8743: 8700: 8647: 8612: 8583: 8548: 8419: 8368: 8329: 8324: 8289: 8268: 8238: 8203: 8150: 8121: 8078: 8035: 7998: 7958: 7923: 7862: 7833: 7782: 7752: 7717: 7655: 7612: 7569: 7532: 7527: 7510: 7497: 7452: 7417: 7366: 7322: 7303: 7273: 7238: 7195: 7142: 7128: 7099: 7048: 6997: 6968: 6933: 6898: 6861: 6857: 6832: 6787: 6758:"Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in Southeast Europe" 6744: 6701: 6646: 6628: 6565: 6553: 6496: 6447: 6392: 6380: 6329: 6311: 6176: 6074: 6007: 5921: 5866: 5858: 5792: 5678: 5608: 5546: 5480: 5421: 5382:

Chaubey G, Singh M, Rai N, Kariappa M, Singh K, Singh A, et al. (January 2016).

5352: 5280: 5228: 5179: 5060: 5006: 4939: 4891: 4842: 4791: 4742: 4688: 4654: 4609: 4500: 4250: 4173: 4111: 4106: 4097: 4040: 4031: 3951: 3922: 3882: 3840: 3792: 3710: 3535: 2668: 2244: 1804: 1621: 1190: 757: 662: 575: 540: 515: 441:. McElreavy and Quintana-Murci, writing on the Indus Valley Civilisation, state that 177: 169: 8937: 8827: 8712:

Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (May 2008).

8659: 8280: 7794: 7544: 7009: 6652:

Family Tree DNA uses the Y-Chromosome Consortium tree and posts it on their website.

5156:

Sharma S, Rai E, Sharma P, Jena M, Singh S, Darvishi K, et al. (January 2009).

4185: 8874: 8807: 8776: 8768: 8733: 8725: 8690: 8680: 8637: 8604: 8573: 8538: 8528: 8409: 8401: 8380: 8358: 8350: 8319: 8309: 8260: 8228: 8193: 8183: 8162: 8142: 8111: 8103: 8068: 8060: 8027: 7990: 7948: 7913: 7903: 7874: 7854: 7823: 7815: 7774: 7742: 7707: 7699: 7645: 7637: 7602: 7594: 7561: 7522: 7487: 7477: 7442: 7407: 7399: 7378: 7356: 7295: 7263: 7228: 7220: 7185: 7175: 7132: 7124: 7089: 7081: 7060: 7038: 6989: 6958: 6923: 6890: 6873: 6853: 6822: 6812: 6777: 6769: 6734: 6726: 6691: 6681: 6618: 6610: 6543: 6535: 6486: 6478: 6437: 6427: 6370: 6360: 6319: 6303: 6166: 6156: 6108: 6064: 5997: 5989: 5911: 5903: 5848: 5840: 5782: 5668: 5658: 5598: 5588: 5536: 5528: 5470: 5460: 5411: 5403: 5342: 5332: 5270: 5262: 5218: 5210: 5169: 5050: 5040: 4996: 4986: 4931: 4903: 4881: 4832: 4822: 4781: 4773: 4732: 4724: 4599: 4581: 4490: 4482: 4165: 4073: 3831: 3785: 2400: 2333: 1777: 1597: 1467: 1370: 1311: 1231: 901: 460: 101: 8031: 4951: 2471:, among other rare reported cases of L which don't fall into the common branches. 37: 8755:

Su B, Xiao J, Underhill P, Deka R, Zhang W, Akey J, et al. (December 1999).

8456: 7565: 7431:"Major east-west division underlies Y chromosome stratification across Indonesia" 7316: 7250:

Flores C, Maca-Meyer N, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, Karadsheh N, Gonzalez AM (2005).

6432: 6053:"The Caucasus as an asymmetric semipermeable barrier to ancient human migrations" 5953:(2009) 17, 820–830; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249; published online 24 December 2008. 5663: 5593: 5465: 5337: 4991: 4682: 4648: 3845: 2577: 2537: 2176: 2129: 1872: 1798: 1761: 1581: 1366: 1155:

of Afghanistan. However L1a-M76 occurs in a much more higher frequency among the

780:

according to Julie di Cristofaro et al. 2013. L-M20 is found at 17.78% among the

511: 479: 6715:"Ethnic India: a genomic view, with special reference to peopling and structure" 6467:"The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe" 4626: 8667:

Karafet T, Xu L, Du R, Wang W, Feng S, Wells RS, et al. (September 2001).

8405: 8294:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

8107: 7888:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

7386:

Karafet T, Xu L, Du R, Wang W, Feng S, Wells RS, et al. (September 2001).

7085: 6670:"Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions" 6365: 6348: 6161: 5907: 4566:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

4061: 3854: 3687: 3594: 2664: 2622: 2618: 2605: 2517: 2307: 2248: 2236: 2224: 2165: 1745: 1593: 1454: 1353: 1323: 1303: 1215: 1186: 905: 769: 746: 738: 734: 730: 646: 587: 560: 141: 121: 117: 8914: 8390:"Y-chromosomal diversity in Lebanon is structured by recent historical events" 8264: 7361: 7344: 7268: 7251: 7043: 7018: 6993: 6539: 4935: 4886: 4861: 4777: 8946: 8290:"The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity" 7180: 6817: 6375: 6315: 5491: 5045: 4306: 4254: 3936: 3930: 3916: 3905: 3868: 3771: 3766: 3757: 3743: 3704: 2373: 2353: 2341: 2329: 2291: 2252: 2228: 2144: 2006: 2002: 1757: 1435: 1293: 1270: 1156: 1152: 800: 777: 765: 761: 686: 658: 650: 398: 390: 165: 109: 8932: 8879: 8862: 8850: 8642: 8625: 8233: 8216: 7953: 7936: 7908: 7884:"A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: evaluating demic diffusion scenarios" 7464:

Kim SH, Kim KC, Shin DJ, Jin HJ, Kwak KD, Han MS, et al. (April 2011).

7447: 7430: 7224: 6963: 6946: 6686: 6515: 6482: 6307: 6069: 6052: 5993: 4586: 8888: 8861:

Zhong H, Shi H, Qi XB, Duan ZY, Tan PP, Jin L, et al. (January 2011).

8819: 8790: 8747: 8704: 8651: 8616: 8587: 8552: 8423: 8372: 8333: 8314: 8272: 8242: 8207: 8188: 8154: 8125: 8082: 8039: 8002: 7962: 7927: 7866: 7837: 7786: 7756: 7721: 7659: 7616: 7573: 7536: 7501: 7482: 7456: 7421: 7370: 7307: 7277: 7242: 7199: 7146: 7103: 7052: 7001: 6972: 6937: 6902: 6865: 6836: 6791: 6748: 6705: 6632: 6557: 6500: 6451: 6384: 6346: 6333: 6180: 6078: 6011: 5925: 5862: 5796: 5682: 5612: 5550: 5484: 5425: 5356: 5284: 5232: 5183: 5064: 5010: 4943: 4895: 4846: 4827: 4795: 4746: 4613: 4504: 4177: 3616: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2614: 2444: 2428: 2303: 2268: 2121: 1661: 1528: 1176: 1018: 897: 475: 220: 133: 129: 7935:

Sanchez JJ, Hallenberg C, Børsting C, Hernandez A, Morling N (July 2005).

7641: 6773: 5844: 2407:. Some of L-M349's branches are found in West Asia, including L-Y31183 in 16:

Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in South Asia and the Mediterranean

8354: 8146: 7778: 7747: 7731:"Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels" 7730: 7675: 5532: 4486: 2279: 2094: 2049: 2022: 1738: 1705: 1585: 1420: 1407: 793: 726: 706: 682: 666: 635: 627: 603: 430: 406: 196: 192: 93: 7318:

Ethnohistorical and Genetic Survey of Four Central Anatolian Settlements

6928: 6911: 6614: 5775:

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Geneeskunde

4595: 4562:"Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution" 4213:

Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

3425: 247: 8729: 6894: 6730: 6548: 6464: 5174: 5157: 4169: 3540: 2645: 2641: 2502: 2232: 2169: 2057: 2038: 1975: 1678: 1543: 1516: 1504: 1388: 1258: 1006: 785: 678: 599: 426: 410: 200: 184: 125: 113: 105: 8363: 7858: 6581:"Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East" 6270:

Now published in Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08220-8

6138: 6136: 6112: 5787: 5770: 5407: 4706: 4704: 4299: 4253:

was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to

827:, a northern Syrian city whose previous inhabitants were wiped out by 6126: 5639:"Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge" 5441:"Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge" 4310:, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" 3560: 3545: 2557: 2497: 2361: 2345: 2192: 1919: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1753: 1749: 1637: 1063: 631: 615: 591: 434: 422: 183:

The presence of L-M20 has been observed at varying levels throughout

97: 56: 5735: 211:. It has also been present for millennia at very low levels in the 8772: 8685: 8533: 8064: 7819: 7703: 7598: 7403: 6605: 6298: 6133: 5514: 5266: 5214: 4728: 4701: 4468: 4266:

Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

3565: 2660: 2468: 2436: 2357: 2318: 2196: 2075: 2029: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1969: 1951: 1903: 1868: 1633: 1558: 1498: 1479: 1276: 1148: 1139: 839: 804: 789: 710: 654: 523: 414: 212: 204: 8811: 7019:"Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages" 6279: 5978:"Parallel evolution of genes and languages in the Caucasus region" 5636: 4862:"Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages" 4650:

Deep Ancestry: The Landmark DNA Quest to Decipher Our Distant Past

4155: 2679: 7206: 6267: 5823: 5566: 5497: 5318: 2652: 2630: 2522: 2440: 2412: 2408: 2369: 2365: 2349: 2337: 2275: 2082: 1998: 1957: 1935: 1913: 1781: 1718: 1698: 1629: 1601: 1589: 1400: 1382: 1252: 959: 867: 835: 808: 750: 742: 722: 670: 623: 586:) It has also been reported at 17% in the Kare Vokkal tribe from 579: 567: 499: 402: 233: 4441: 2290:

L-PK3, which is downstream of L-M357, is found frequently among

160:

M11, M20, M61 and M185. As a secondary descendant of haplogroup

6405: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4559: 2960: 2683: 2542: 2404: 2388: 2322: 2311: 2105: 2061: 1725: 1625: 1209: 928: 891: 642: 619: 607: 571: 495: 483: 474:

It has also been found at low frequencies among populations of

216: 137: 8562:"Hierarchical patterns of global human Y-chromosome diversity" 6578: 6282:"The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia" 4964: 948:

for a total of 6.0% (7/117) haplogroup L-M20 in Southern Iran

6050: 5196: 4808: 4560:

Chiaroni J, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL (December 2009).

2582: 2432: 2424: 2380: 2260: 2212: 2188: 2148: 2125: 1918:

L2-L595 and L1-M22 are found in 5.3%, 3.5%, 1.4% and 0.8% of

1832: 1097: 1033: 994: 990: 986: 980: 859: 855: 851: 847: 824: 820: 781: 773: 690: 507: 503: 491: 418: 85: 5975: 5248: 4910: 705:

The greatest concentration of Haplogroup L-M20 is along the

8911:"Genebase Tutorials: Learn about Y-chromosome Haplogroup L" 6513: 4859: 4403: 3581:

Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia

2562: 2460: 2420: 2416: 2387:(3/186 = 1.6%), Pashtuns in Afghanistan (1/87 = 1.1%), and 2384: 2256: 2208: 2200: 2137: 2133: 1082: 1048: 922: 908:

in Turkey, 4.2% (1/523 L-M349 and 21/523 L-M11(xM27, M349))

674: 487: 208: 8849:(PhD). Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences. Archived from 8092:"Indian Siddis: African descendants with Indian admixture" 6142: 5892:"Indian Siddis: African descendants with Indian admixture" 4710: 4199:

International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),

2239:, with a moderate distribution among other populations in 4240:

Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

7428: 5741: 4921: 2175:

The L1 subclade is also found at low frequencies on the

2143:

Researchers also found traces of traces of L-M20 on the

2115: 8594: 6947:"Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman" 5945:

Vincenza Battaglia, Simona Fornarino, Nadia Al-Zahery,

5384:"Genetic affinities of the Jewish populations of India" 5381: 5110: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5071: 4760:

Zhao Z, Khan F, Borkar M, Herrera R, Agrawal S (2009).

3469: 2608:

c. 3200 BCE were found to belong to haplogroup L2-L595.

2195:, with a moderate distribution in other populations of 7669:"Structure of the Gene Pool of Bashkir Subpopulations" 6101:

Karadeniz Araştırmaları (Journal of Black Sea Studies)

5889: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4514: 3166:

World's earliest evidence of footwear and wine making

2811:

Trench 2A, Unit 7, Square S33/T33, Locus 9, Spit 23 /

2467:

and 2% (2/100) L-M20(xM27, M317, M357) in a sample of

4759: 2686:

circa 847 ± 65 CE was determined to belong to L-L595.

2636:

Narasimhan et al. (2018) analyzed skeletons from the

429:

origin for L-M20 and associated its expansion in the

5723: 5562: 5560: 5127: 5125: 5083: 3571:

Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world

1151:

male lineages. L1c is also found at 7.69% among the

5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5155: 4511: 4452: 4450: 2651:Skourtanioti et al. (2020) analyzed skeletons from 2621:), found in the Areni-1 ("Bird's Eye") cave in the 2431:. Others are found in Europe, such as L-PAGE116 in 340:(L1a1) M27, M76, P329.1, L1318, L1319, L1320, L1321 4629:, 2015 Y-DNA Haplogroup K and its Subclades – 2015 2211:populations. There is a very minor presence among 862:. Haplogroup L-M20 has been found in 2.0% (1/50) ( 8483: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6030: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5711: 5557: 5363: 5122: 1843:and 1.5% (1/66) L-M357(xPK3) to 1.6% (1/63) L-M11 772:, L1a-M76 and L1b-M317 are found at 2% among the 467:castes. In Pakistan, it has highest frequency in 8944: 8506: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5764: 5762: 5619: 5137: 4687:. Princeton University Press. pp. 111–113. 4447: 2120:Researchers in 2013 studying the origins of the 938:8% to 16% L2-L595, L1a, L1b and L1c of Kurds in 7385: 5747: 5022: 5020: 4653:. National Geographic Books. pp. 161–162. 4400:In Hammer 2005, see the Supplementary Material. 3497: 1551: 1443: 1241: 681:. L-M11 is found in frequencies of 8-16% among 6027: 5956: 5026: 4555: 4553: 4312:(Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017) 2690: 2317:In Europe, L-M317 has been found in Northeast 944:9.1% L-M20 (7/77) of Persians in Eastern Iran 729:ethnic counterparts as well, such as with the 563:in which L-M11 occurs at 68% is an exception. 376:L864, L865, L866, L867, L868, L869, L870, L877 8132: 5932: 5759: 5517:"Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective" 5510: 5508: 5506: 5438: 4620: 4471:"Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective" 3602: 3183:Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups 1854: 1521: 1472: 1393: 1375: 1316: 1263: 1245: 969: 543:castes (ca. 17-19%) but is somewhat rarer in 459:In India, L-M20 has a higher frequency among 168:, haplogroup L currently has the alternative 5027:Mahal DG, Matsoukas IG (20 September 2017). 5017: 4676: 4674: 4642: 4640: 4638: 454: 285:M11, M20, M61, M185, L656, L863, L878, L879 7508: 6572: 5817: 4550: 4284:Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2. 4149: 2678:An ancient Viking individual that lived in 2151:amounting to 4.2% of the total population. 1928: 946:3.4% L-M76 (4/117) and 2.6% L-M317 (3/117) 814: 685:. L-M20 has an overall frequency of 12% in 405:K-M9 clan that migrated eastwards from the 76:M11, M20, M61, M185, L656, L863, L878, L879 8623: 7728: 7511:"Migration waves to the Baltic Sea region" 7284: 6799:Mahal DG, Matsoukas IG (23 January 2018). 5694: 5692: 5503: 5190: 4627:International Society of Genetic Genealogy 4537:International Society of Genetic Genealogy 4444:Haplogroup YTree v8.09.00 (8 October 2020) 3609: 3595: 3473: 1691: 1199: 973: 238:International Society of Genetic Genealogy 36: 8878: 8834: 8797: 8780: 8737: 8694: 8684: 8641: 8577: 8542: 8532: 8479: 8477: 8413: 8362: 8323: 8313: 8232: 8197: 8187: 8115: 8072: 7984: 7952: 7917: 7907: 7827: 7804:"Y-chromosomal DNA variation in Pakistan" 7746: 7711: 7649: 7623: 7606: 7551: 7526: 7491: 7481: 7446: 7411: 7360: 7267: 7232: 7189: 7179: 7136: 7093: 7042: 6979: 6962: 6927: 6883:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 6826: 6816: 6781: 6755: 6738: 6695: 6685: 6667: 6622: 6604: 6547: 6516:"Population genomics of the Viking world" 6490: 6441: 6431: 6374: 6364: 6323: 6297: 6170: 6160: 6085: 6068: 6001: 5915: 5852: 5786: 5672: 5662: 5602: 5592: 5540: 5474: 5464: 5415: 5346: 5336: 5303: 5274: 5222: 5173: 5054: 5044: 5000: 4990: 4885: 4836: 4826: 4785: 4736: 4713:"Y-chromosomal DNA variation in Pakistan" 4671: 4635: 4603: 4585: 4494: 4192: 3481: 2015: 2011: 1944: 1885: 1846: 1406:7.8% (5/64) L-M357 in Qarchugha Village, 1026: 911: 858:, and it was not found in a sample of 59 834:and repopulated in recent times by local 8908: 8169: 8046: 7969: 7844: 7580: 7554:Forensic Science International. Genetics 7314: 7153: 7110: 6909: 6880: 5768: 5729: 5116: 5104: 5092: 5077: 4524: 4370: 4366: 4225: 4222:Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4. 2154: 1924: 1889: 1731: 1711: 999: 965: 915: 843: 556: 552: 8711: 8666: 8514: 8446: 8444: 8442: 8387: 7934: 7763: 7016: 6944: 5689: 4362: 4287: 3521: 2459:Two confirmed L2-L595 individuals from 1786: 1120: 1105: 1056: 871: 799:L-PK3 is found in approximately 23% of 630:. L-M20 is also found at 32.35% in the 548: 240:(ISOGG) also provides an amateur tree. 8945: 8559: 8474: 8214: 8009: 7342: 7249: 6843: 4435: 3505: 3489: 2328:In Caucasia, L-M317 has been found in 1962: 1850: 1790: 1447: 1041: 927:54.9% (42/71) L in Priest Zoroastrian 8860: 8579:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906 8340: 8287: 8249: 7881: 7801: 7666: 7288:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7067: 6798: 6091: 5717: 5369: 5131: 4684:The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey 4680: 4646: 4456: 4430:Learn about Y-chromosome Haplogroup L 3590: 2116:Southern Africa and the Swahili Coast 2087: 1772:, 1.9% of German speakers from Lower 1566: 1536: 1491: 1487: 1428: 1346: 1331: 1286: 1237: 1202: 1075: 1071: 863: 207:, as well as at lower frequencies in 8453:"FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree)" 8439: 8089: 7685: 6712: 5143: 4358: 4269: 4207: 4135:Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people 4110: 4105: 4096: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4066: 4059: 4049: 4047: 4037: 4029: 4017: 4015: 4006: 3998: 3956: 3949: 3943: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3903: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3872: 3867: 3858: 3853: 3844: 3839: 3803: 3789: 3672: 3627: 3420: 2302:L-M317 is found at low frequency in 1090: 950:3.0% (1/33) L-M357 in Northern Iran 694: 693:have also been reported with L-M11.( 641:And available data shows that among 614:. It also occurs at 18.6% among the 595: 583: 242: 226: 7463: 5753: 5698: 4260: 3777: 3717: 3700: 2613:Three individuals who lived in the 1768:, 2% of German speakers from Upper 1413: 1117:3.0% (4/164 L-M76 and 1/164 L-M357) 737:. L-M357 is found frequently among 187:, peaking in populations native to 13: 8761:American Journal of Human Genetics 8754: 8673:American Journal of Human Genetics 8630:European Journal of Human Genetics 8521:American Journal of Human Genetics 8394:American Journal of Human Genetics 8221:European Journal of Human Genetics 8096:American Journal of Human Genetics 8053:American Journal of Human Genetics 7941:European Journal of Human Genetics 7808:American Journal of Human Genetics 7692:American Journal of Human Genetics 7630:European Journal of Human Genetics 7587:American Journal of Human Genetics 7392:American Journal of Human Genetics 7213:European Journal of Human Genetics 7074:American Journal of Human Genetics 6951:European Journal of Human Genetics 6762:European Journal of Human Genetics 6149:European Journal of Human Genetics 6094:"The Genetics of Crimean Karaites" 5951:European Journal of Human Genetics 5896:American Journal of Human Genetics 5833:European Journal of Human Genetics 5521:European Journal of Human Genetics 5255:American Journal of Human Genetics 5203:American Journal of Human Genetics 4717:American Journal of Human Genetics 4475:European Journal of Human Genetics 4243: 4234: 4216: 3513: 2207:, but slightly higher Middle East 1189:, 9.0% (7/78), 6.3% (1/16) L1c in 14: 8964: 8897: 8484:Henson G, Hrechdakian PO (2013). 8450: 4324: 4315: 4278: 4204:. (Access date: 1 February 2015.) 3576:Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group 3551:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup 2675:) belonged to haplogroup L2-L595. 2223:L-M357 is found frequently among 1038:3.2% of Kurds in Southeast Turkey 606:and is found at 16.33% among the 463:castes, but is somewhat rarer in 176:, and is a sibling of haplogroup 8486:"L – The Y-Haplogroup L Project" 7528:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00429.x 7129:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00538.x 6858:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00221.x 3632: 3424: 3413:The Y-Chromosome Consortium tree 2391:in Afghanistan (1/127 = 0.79%). 958:4.8% L1a and L1b of Persians in 784:. L3a is found at 23% among the 559:). However, the Korova tribe of 514:(especially areas adjoining the 409:, and later southwards from the 246: 199:(19%). The clade also occurs in 8867:Molecular Biology and Evolution 8566:Molecular Biology and Evolution 7435:Molecular Biology and Evolution 6639: 6507: 6458: 6399: 6340: 6273: 6259: 6241: 6223: 6205: 6187: 6119: 6057:Molecular Biology and Evolution 6018: 5982:Molecular Biology and Evolution 5883: 5803: 5432: 5375: 5312: 5291: 5149: 4958: 4853: 4802: 4753: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4351: 4257:, the sibling of Haplogroup LT. 3176: 3007:Neanderthal Vi33.16 Shared DNA 2996:Neanderthal Vi33.25 Shared DNA 2985:Neanderthal Vi33.26 Shared DNA 1819:, 11.1% (2/18) of Georgians in 1815:, 11.8% (2/17) of Georgians in 1811:, 12.5% (2/16) of Georgians in 1807:, 14.3% (2/14) of Georgians in 1147:comprises 12.24% of the Afghan 1128: 8933:The India Genealogical Project 8432: 7667:Lobov AS, et al. (2009). 7321:. University of Pennsylvania. 6268:https://doi.org/10.1101/322347 4530: 4462: 4423: 3457:Original research publications 2890:Hair color (HIrisPlex System) 2598: 2394: 2218: 1839:, 5.9% (1/17) of Georgians in 1835:, 5.9% (1/17) of Georgians in 1831:, 6.9% (2/29) of Georgians in 1827:, 9.1% (1/11) of Georgians in 1234:, 3.0% (11/366) to 3.7% (2/54) 1133: 645:, L-M20 is found at 48% among 566:L-M20 was found at 38% in the 539:It has higher frequency among 1: 8609:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6 8507:Sources for conversion tables 8032:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155 7995:10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00286-5 7300:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00016-2 4416: 2878:Eye color (HIrisPlex System) 2344:(8/162 = 4.9%, 2/58 = 3.4%), 2297: 2182: 2124:people - who are of paternal 1823:, 10% (1/10) of Georgians in 1503:2.7% (1/37) L1c in Northwest 1068:1.63% (12/734) to 4.3% (2/47) 529: 7674:(in Russian). Archived from 7566:10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.08.020 6433:10.1371/journal.pone.0241883 5811:"Y-DNA Haplgroup L-FT408126" 5664:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748 5594:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 5466:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748 5338:10.1371/journal.pone.0050269 4992:10.1371/journal.pone.0015283 4647:Wells S (20 November 2007). 4344: 3619:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups 3470:Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 2451: 2159: 1574: 776:and L1c is found at 3.6% of 768:, L1c is found at 15% among 764:, L1c is found at 25% among 622:region and at 15% among the 7: 5769:Soodyall H (October 2013). 4409:FTDNA lab results, May 2011 3669: 3617:Phylogenetic tree of human 3528: 2749:Chalcolithic (Horizon III) 2746:Chalcolithic (Horizon III) 2691:Chalcolithic South Caucasus 2187:L-M27 is found in 14.5% of 1803:20% (2/10) of Georgians in 1181:22.5% (9/40), 11.1% (6/54) 952:4.2% L1c-M357 of Azeris in 700: 393:, which is a descendant of 291:(L1) M22, M295, PAGES00121 10: 8969: 8406:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.020 8108:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030 7086:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014 6660: 6366:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.044 6162:10.1038/s41431-020-00765-x 5908:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030 5701:Acta Anthropologica Sinica 4541:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 4201:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 4103: 4070: 4027: 3996: 3987: 3979: 3972: 3965: 3958: 3913: 3879: 3865: 3851: 3837: 3821: 3805: 3674: 3180: 2951:Likely lactose-intolerant 2752:Chalcolithic (Horizon II) 2383:(2/20 = 10%) in Pakistan, 2100:L-M20 is found in 0.8% of 2044:L-M20 is found in 1.9% of 819:L-M20 was found in 51% of 401:, L-M20 originated in the 384: 21:Macro-haplogroup L (mtDNA) 18: 8265:10.1007/s00439-001-0627-9 7735:Journal of Human Genetics 7362:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0 7349:Journal of Human Genetics 7269:10.1007/s10038-005-0274-4 7256:Journal of Human Genetics 7044:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024 6994:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4 6916:Journal of Human Genetics 6540:10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8 5781:(12 Suppl 1): 1009–1013. 5162:Journal of Human Genetics 4936:10.1080/03014460500076223 4887:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024 4778:10.1080/03014460802558522 4681:Wells S (28 March 2017). 4382:12/222 Shlush et al. 2008 4124: 3902: 3895: 3829: 3812: 3796: 3791: 3784: 3779: 3770: 3765: 3763: 3756: 3751: 3749: 3742: 3735: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3709: 3702: 3692: 3685: 3683: 3667: 3641:This article needs to be 3625: 3195:YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) 3018:Ancestral Component (AC) 2475:L2 in modern populations 2379:L-M317 has been found in 1616:published in the journal 1607: 715:Indus Valley civilization 455:Geographical distribution 439:Indus Valley Civilisation 389:L-M20 is a descendant of 80: 72: 62: 52: 44: 35: 30: 7515:Annals of Human Genetics 7181:10.1186/1471-2148-13-127 7160:BMC Evolutionary Biology 7117:Annals of Human Genetics 6846:Annals of Human Genetics 6818:10.3389/fgene.2018.00004 6107:(42): 69–84 on page 76. 6092:Brook KA (Summer 2014). 5046:10.3389/fgene.2017.00121 2617:era (c. 5700–6250 years 2399:L-M349 is found in some 2278:from Qarchugha Village, 2081:L1b is found in 1.7% of 1612:An article by O. Semino 1600:(1/67 = 1.5% L-M20) and 1257:16.7% (1/6) L1c-M357 in 846:). In a small sample of 815:Middle East and Anatolia 725:)). It is also found in 534: 164:and a primary branch of 53:Possible place of origin 48:30,000 - 43,000 years BP 8953:Human Y-DNA haplogroups 8643:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597 8234:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201906 7954:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201390 7909:10.1073/pnas.0507714103 7225:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726 6964:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934 6687:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59 6483:10.1126/science.abm4247 6308:10.1126/science.aat7487 4924:Annals of Human Biology 4766:Annals of Human Biology 4587:10.1073/pnas.0910803106 4391:1/25 Shlush et al. 2008 4249:Between 2002 and 2008, 3084:Parental Consanguinity 2926:Diet (d13C%0 / d15N%0) 2625:mountains (present-day 2604:Three individuals from 1584:(13/641 = 2.0% L-M20), 866:) to 5.25% (48/914) of 45:Possible time of origin 8922:Spread of Haplogroup L 8315:10.1073/pnas.171305098 8189:10.1186/1471-2156-7-42 7483:10.1186/2041-2223-2-10 7470:Investigative Genetics 4828:10.1186/1471-2156-7-42 2819:Members / Sample Size 2376:, 2/230 = 0.9% Iron). 1604:(3/506 = 0.6% L-M20). 1011:41.7% (15/36) L1b-M317 448: 156:, which is defined by 154:human Y-DNA haplogroup 8880:10.1093/molbev/msq247 8835:Yunusbaev BB (2006). 7642:10.1038/ejhg.2011.218 7448:10.1093/molbev/msq063 6805:Frontiers in Genetics 6774:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249 6070:10.1093/molbev/msr221 5994:10.1093/molbev/msr126 5845:10.1038/ejhg.2010.128 5033:Frontiers in Genetics 3029:puntDNAL K12 Ancient 2164:L-M295 is found from 2155:Subclade distribution 1869:Chechens in Daghestan 1369:, 2.9% (1/34) L1c in 1193:, 5.4% (2/37) L1c in 932:22.2% L1b and L1c in 634:and at 17.82% in the 443: 8355:10.3378/027.083.0402 8147:10.3378/027.086.0205 7779:10.3378/027.081.0629 7748:10.1038/jhg.2013.108 6359:(5): 1158–1175.e28. 6255:. Gene by Gene, Ltd. 6249:"L - Y Haplogroup L" 6237:. Gene by Gene, Ltd. 6219:. Gene by Gene, Ltd. 6201:. Gene by Gene, Ltd. 5533:10.1038/ejhg.2012.59 4487:10.1038/ejhg.2012.59 3250:YCC 2010r (Longhand) 2948:Lactase Persistence 2627:Vayots Dzor Province 2439:, and L-FGC36841 in 840:Chechen war refugees 673:and 17.2% among the 661:, and 26% among the 616:Konkanastha Brahmins 8927:National Geographic 8856:on 5 February 2007. 8306:2001PNAS...9810244W 8300:(18): 10244–10249. 8024:2000Sci...290.1155S 8018:(5494): 1155–1159. 7900:2006PNAS..103..843S 7315:Gokcumen O (2008). 7172:2013BMCEE..13..127F 7035:2004CBio...14..231C 6929:10.1038/jhg.2009.94 6615:10.1038/nature19310 6597:2016Natur.536..419L 6532:2020Natur.585..390M 6424:2021PLoSO..1641883I 6231:"Greek DNA Project" 5742:Karafet et al. 2010 5655:2013PLoSO...876748D 5585:2012PLoSO...734288H 5498:Firasat et al. 2007 5457:2013PLoSO...876748D 5400:2016NatSR...619166C 4983:2010PLoSO...515283T 4878:2004CBio...14..231C 4578:2009PNAS..10620174C 4572:(48): 20174–20179. 4130:Y-DNA by population 4045: 3556:Molecular phylogeny 3498:Karafet et al. 2001 3245:YCC 2008 (Longhand) 3240:YCC 2005 (Longhand) 3235:YCC 2002 (Longhand) 2974:Ostuni1 Shared DNA 2697: 2673:Southeastern Turkey 2476: 2415:, and L-Y130640 in 2368:(1/81 = 1.2%), and 2336:(4/42 = 9.5%, 3%), 1552:Karafet et al. 2001 1444:Karafet et al. 2001 1387:8.3% (1/12) L1c in 1242:Karafet et al. 2001 1195:Badakhshan Province 993:, 31.0% of Eastern 809:Firasat et al. 2007 751:Firasat et al. 2007 743:Firasat et al. 2007 723:Firasat et al. 2007 397:. According to Dr. 358:L1305, L1306, L1307 346:(L1a2) M357, L1307 232:Research Center in 81:Highest frequencies 8730:10.1101/gr.7172008 8597:Trends in Genetics 6895:10.1002/ajpa.22212 6731:10.1101/gr.1413403 6477:(6609): eabm4247. 5388:Scientific Reports 5175:10.1038/jhg.2008.2 4432:Genebase Tutorials 4170:10.1002/humu.22468 3896: 3677:Y-chromosomal Adam 3436:. You can help by 2902:Skin pigmentation 2796:Burial / Location 2777:Late Chalcolithic 2774:Late Chalcolithic 2771:Late Chalcolithic 2695: 2474: 2321:(3/67 = 4.5%) and 1941:5.3% (2/38) L-M317 1897:Arkhangelsk Oblast 1855:Tarkhnishvili 2014 1522:Di Cristofaro 2013 1473:Di Cristofaro 2013 1394:Di Cristofaro 2013 1376:Di Cristofaro 2013 1317:Di Cristofaro 2013 1264:Di Cristofaro 2013 1246:Di Cristofaro 2013 1224:Sar-e Pol Province 970:Di Cristofaro 2013 904:, 6.6% (7/106) of 669:, 16.7% among the 665:, 20.7% among the 258:. You can help by 73:Defining mutations 8909:Genebase (2006). 7859:10.1159/000093774 7521:(Pt 3): 337–348. 7328:978-0-549-80966-1 7123:(Pt 6): 568–581. 6852:(Pt 2): 181–194. 6725:(10): 2277–2290. 6647:"Y-DNA Haplotree" 6591:(7617): 419–424. 6526:(7825): 390–396. 6376:20.500.12154/1254 6113:10.12787/KARAM859 5988:(10): 2905–2920. 5788:10.7196/SAMJ.7297 5527:(10): 1063–1070. 5408:10.1038/srep19166 4694:978-0-691-17601-7 4660:978-1-4262-0211-7 4481:(10): 1063–1070. 4341: 4340: 4303:, 2017, "K-M2335" 4301:YFull YTree v5.08 4251:Haplogroup T-M184 4119: 4118: 4064: 4054: 4044: 4035: 4023: 4012: 4004: 3992: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3908: 3827: 3819: 3810: 3740: 3724: 3707: 3690: 3662: 3661: 3536:Genetic genealogy 3454: 3453: 3410: 3409: 3174: 3173: 3073:Genetic Distance 2669:Upper Mesopotamia 2596: 2595: 2113: 2112: 2078:, Basque Country 2001:. L1b*: 0.74% of 1879:, 3.7% (1/27) of 1875:, 8.3% (2/24) of 1871:, 9.5% (4/42) of 1572: 1571: 1230:, L1b and L1c in 1214:20% (1/5) L1c in 1191:Samangan Province 1126: 1125: 1102:2.8% (2/72 L-M76) 1053:3.1% (2/64) L-M22 985:51.0% (33/65) of 900:, 12% (10/83) in 663:Saurashtra people 612:Jammu and Kashmir 576:Junagarh district 570:caste and 21% in 516:Mediterranean Sea 413:into present-day 297:(L1b) M317, L655 276: 275: 227:Phylogenetic tree 170:phylogenetic name 147: 146: 8960: 8918: 8913:. Archived from 8892: 8882: 8857: 8855: 8848: 8831: 8794: 8784: 8767:(6): 1718–1724. 8751: 8741: 8708: 8698: 8688: 8663: 8645: 8620: 8591: 8581: 8572:(7): 1189–1203. 8556: 8546: 8536: 8500: 8499: 8497: 8496: 8481: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8468: 8459:. Archived from 8448: 8427: 8417: 8384: 8366: 8337: 8327: 8317: 8284: 8246: 8236: 8211: 8201: 8191: 8166: 8129: 8119: 8086: 8076: 8043: 8006: 7988: 7973:Human Immunology 7966: 7956: 7931: 7921: 7911: 7878: 7841: 7831: 7814:(5): 1107–1124. 7798: 7773:(5–6): 875–898. 7760: 7750: 7725: 7715: 7682: 7680: 7673: 7663: 7653: 7620: 7610: 7577: 7548: 7530: 7505: 7495: 7485: 7460: 7450: 7441:(8): 1833–1844. 7425: 7415: 7382: 7364: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7311: 7281: 7271: 7246: 7236: 7203: 7193: 7183: 7150: 7140: 7107: 7097: 7064: 7046: 7013: 6976: 6966: 6941: 6931: 6906: 6877: 6840: 6830: 6820: 6795: 6785: 6752: 6742: 6709: 6699: 6689: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6626: 6608: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6551: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6494: 6462: 6456: 6455: 6445: 6435: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6378: 6368: 6344: 6338: 6337: 6327: 6301: 6277: 6271: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6195:"Azerbaijan DNA" 6191: 6185: 6184: 6174: 6164: 6140: 6131: 6130: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6098: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6072: 6048: 6025: 6022: 6016: 6015: 6005: 5973: 5954: 5943: 5930: 5929: 5919: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5871: 5865:. Archived from 5856: 5830: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5790: 5766: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5696: 5687: 5686: 5676: 5666: 5634: 5617: 5616: 5606: 5596: 5564: 5555: 5554: 5544: 5512: 5501: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5478: 5468: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5419: 5379: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5350: 5340: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5278: 5246: 5237: 5236: 5226: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5177: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5058: 5048: 5024: 5015: 5014: 5004: 4994: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4919: 4908: 4907: 4889: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4840: 4830: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4789: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4740: 4723:(5): 1107–1124. 4708: 4699: 4698: 4678: 4669: 4668: 4644: 4633: 4631:(5 April 2015). 4624: 4618: 4617: 4607: 4589: 4557: 4548: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4509: 4508: 4498: 4466: 4460: 4454: 4445: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4410: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4392: 4389: 4383: 4380: 4374: 4355: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4319: 4313: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4258: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4205: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4153: 4060: 4050: 4038: 4030: 4018: 4008: 3999: 3988: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3904: 3823: 3814: 3806: 3736: 3720: 3703: 3686: 3670: 3657: 3654: 3648: 3636: 3635: 3628: 3611: 3604: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3449: 3446: 3428: 3421: 3191: 3190: 2914:ABO Blood Group 2698: 2694: 2663:individual from 2477: 2473: 2435:, L-FT304386 in 2401:Crimean Karaites 2360:(3/165 = 1.8%), 2356:(3/154 = 1.9%), 1929:Lappalainen 2008 1647: 1646: 1468:Jawzjan Province 1371:Baghlan Province 1312:Bamiyan Province 1283:, 0/30 Bartangis 1232:Jawzjan Province 1162: 1161: 902:Black Sea Region 877: 876: 838:populations and 510:) as well as in 271: 268: 250: 243: 191:(28%), Northern 150:Haplogroup L-M20 40: 31:Haplogroup L-M20 28: 27: 8968: 8967: 8963: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8958: 8957: 8943: 8942: 8900: 8895: 8853: 8846: 8800:Nature Genetics 8718:Genome Research 8509: 8504: 8503: 8494: 8492: 8490:Family Tree DNA 8482: 8475: 8466: 8464: 8457:Family Tree DNA 8449: 8440: 8435: 8430: 7986:10.1.1.408.4857 7741:(12): 804–811. 7678: 7671: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7023:Current Biology 6922:(12): 689–694. 6719:Genome Research 6663: 6658: 6657: 6645: 6644: 6640: 6577: 6573: 6512: 6508: 6463: 6459: 6418:(6): e0241883. 6404: 6400: 6345: 6341: 6278: 6274: 6264: 6260: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6213:"Germany- YDNA" 6211: 6210: 6206: 6193: 6192: 6188: 6141: 6134: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6096: 6090: 6086: 6049: 6028: 6023: 6019: 5974: 5957: 5944: 5933: 5888: 5884: 5875: 5873: 5869: 5828: 5822: 5818: 5809: 5808: 5804: 5767: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5740: 5736: 5728: 5724: 5716: 5712: 5697: 5690: 5635: 5620: 5565: 5558: 5513: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5437: 5433: 5380: 5376: 5368: 5364: 5317: 5313: 5305:10.1.1.425.9132 5297: 5296: 5292: 5247: 5240: 5195: 5191: 5154: 5150: 5142: 5138: 5130: 5123: 5115: 5111: 5103: 5099: 5091: 5084: 5076: 5072: 5025: 5018: 4963: 4959: 4920: 4911: 4866:Current Biology 4858: 4854: 4807: 4803: 4758: 4754: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4679: 4672: 4661: 4645: 4636: 4625: 4621: 4558: 4551: 4535: 4531: 4523: 4512: 4467: 4463: 4455: 4448: 4440: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4413: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4208: 4197: 4193: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4139: 4120: 3663: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3637: 3633: 3621: 3615: 3585: 3531: 3526: 3474:Kaladjieva 2001 3450: 3444: 3441: 3434:needs expansion 3185: 3179: 3108:Death Position 2693: 2601: 2578:Southern Europe 2538:Southern Europe 2454: 2397: 2374:North Ossetians 2372:(1/132 = 0.76% 2364:(1/57 = 1.8%), 2352:(2/88 = 2.3%), 2348:(1/27 = 3.7%), 2340:(2/38 = 5.3%), 2325:(1/92 = 1.1%). 2300: 2221: 2215:(2%), as well. 2185: 2177:Comoros Islands 2162: 2157: 2118: 1989:L1a*: 3.17% of 1692:Di Giacomo 2003 1610: 1588:(1/57 = 1.8%), 1577: 1367:Kunduz Province 1218:, 14.3% (4/28) 1200:Malyarchuk 2013 1138:A study on the 1136: 1131: 974:Malyarchuk 2013 957: 951: 949: 947: 945: 943: 937: 931: 817: 703: 657:, 28.81% among 653:, 28.57% among 649:, 20.56% among 537: 532: 512:Southern Europe 480:South West Asia 457: 395:haplogroup K-M9 387: 272: 266: 263: 256:needs expansion 229: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8966: 8956: 8955: 8941: 8940: 8938:Y Haplogroup L 8935: 8930: 8919: 8917:on 2012-10-23. 8906: 8899: 8898:External links 8896: 8894: 8893: 8873:(1): 717–727. 8858: 8832: 8806:(3): 358–361. 8795: 8773:10.1086/302680 8752: 8724:(5): 830–838. 8709: 8686:10.1086/323299 8679:(3): 615–628. 8664: 8621: 8603:(8): 356–362. 8592: 8557: 8534:10.1086/318205 8527:(2): 432–443. 8510: 8508: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8473: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8400:(4): 873–882. 8385: 8349:(4): 455–475. 8338: 8285: 8259:(6): 659–674. 8253:Human Genetics 8247: 8227:(1): 124–134. 8212: 8167: 8141:(2): 113–130. 8130: 8102:(1): 154–161. 8087: 8065:10.1086/499411 8059:(2): 202–221. 8044: 8007: 7979:(9): 871–884. 7967: 7947:(7): 856–866. 7932: 7894:(4): 843–848. 7879: 7853:(3): 132–143. 7847:Human Heredity 7842: 7820:10.1086/339929 7799: 7761: 7726: 7704:10.1086/382286 7698:(3): 532–544. 7683: 7681:on 2011-08-16. 7664: 7636:(4): 434–440. 7621: 7599:10.1086/346068 7593:(2): 313–332. 7578: 7549: 7506: 7461: 7426: 7404:10.1086/323299 7398:(3): 615–628. 7383: 7340: 7327: 7312: 7294:(3): 387–395. 7282: 7262:(9): 435–441. 7247: 7219:(1): 121–126. 7204: 7151: 7108: 7080:(2): 229–246. 7065: 7029:(3): 231–235. 7014: 6988:(2): 127–148. 6982:Human Genetics 6977: 6957:(3): 374–386. 6942: 6907: 6889:(3): 375–385. 6878: 6841: 6796: 6768:(6): 820–830. 6753: 6710: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6638: 6606:10.1101/059311 6571: 6506: 6457: 6398: 6339: 6299:10.1101/292581 6272: 6258: 6240: 6222: 6204: 6186: 6155:(4): 581–592. 6132: 6127:"L-M349 YTree" 6118: 6084: 6063:(1): 359–365. 6026: 6017: 5955: 5931: 5902:(1): 154–161. 5882: 5816: 5802: 5758: 5746: 5734: 5722: 5710: 5688: 5649:(10): e76748. 5618: 5556: 5502: 5490: 5451:(10): e76748. 5431: 5374: 5362: 5331:(11): e50269. 5311: 5290: 5267:10.1086/499411 5261:(2): 202–221. 5238: 5215:10.1086/346068 5209:(2): 313–332. 5189: 5148: 5136: 5121: 5119:, p. 220. 5109: 5107:, p. 219. 5097: 5082: 5080:, p. 218. 5070: 5016: 4977:(12): e15283. 4957: 4930:(2): 154–162. 4909: 4872:(3): 231–235. 4852: 4801: 4752: 4729:10.1086/339929 4700: 4693: 4670: 4659: 4634: 4619: 4549: 4546:(30 May 2015). 4529: 4510: 4461: 4446: 4434: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4375: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4332: 4323: 4314: 4286: 4277: 4268: 4259: 4242: 4233: 4224: 4215: 4206: 4191: 4158:Human Mutation 4147: 4146: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4095: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4058: 4056: 4048: 4046: 4036: 4028: 4025: 4024: 4016: 4014: 4005: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3986: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3955: 3948: 3942: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3901: 3894: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3828: 3820: 3811: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3708: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3691: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3673: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3640: 3638: 3631: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3614: 3613: 3606: 3599: 3591: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3516: 3508: 3500: 3492: 3484: 3482:Underhill 2000 3476: 3463: 3459: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3431: 3429: 3415: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3181:Main article: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2937:FADS activity 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2917:Likely O or B 2915: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2676: 2657: 2649: 2634: 2623:South Caucasus 2610: 2609: 2606:Maykop culture 2600: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2520: 2518:Central Europe 2514: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2486:n/Sample size 2484: 2481: 2453: 2450: 2411:, L-Y31184 in 2396: 2393: 2332:(2/10 = 20%), 2308:Southwest Asia 2299: 2296: 2288: 2287: 2220: 2217: 2184: 2181: 2166:Western Europe 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2098: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2079: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2042: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2026: 2019: 2018: 2016:Larmuseau 2011 2012:Larmuseau 2010 2009: 1987: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1945:Battaglia 2008 1942: 1939: 1932: 1931: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1900: 1893: 1892: 1886:Yunusbaev 2006 1883: 1865: 1858: 1857: 1847:Battaglia 2008 1844: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1784: 1780:speakers from 1764:speakers from 1748:speakers from 1742: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1702: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1682: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1609: 1606: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1546: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1519: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1485: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1441: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1423: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1404: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1344: 1341: 1339:Bukharan Arabs 1335: 1334: 1329: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1306:, 1.9% (2/69) 1304:Balkh Province 1296: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1279:, 12% 3/25 of 1275:16% (7/44) of 1273: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1255: 1249: 1248: 1235: 1216:Balkh Province 1212: 1206: 1205: 1197: 1187:Balkh Province 1179: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1100: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1085: 1079: 1078: 1069: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1027:Abu-Amero 2009 1024: 1021: 1019:Saudi Arabians 1015: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1003: 1002: 997: 983: 977: 976: 963: 925: 919: 918: 912:Cinnioğlu 2004 909: 898:Afshar village 894: 888: 887: 884: 881: 856:Lebanese Druze 816: 813: 741:(approx. 12% ( 702: 699: 638:of Karnataka. 604:Northern India 588:Uttara Kannada 561:Uttara Kannada 536: 533: 531: 528: 456: 453: 386: 383: 382: 381: 380: 379: 378: 377: 365: 364: 363: 362: 361: 360: 359: 353: 341: 329: 328: 327: 324: 318: 312: 311: 310: 274: 273: 253: 251: 228: 225: 197:Southern India 180:(a.k.a. K1b). 145: 144: 142:Southern Tyrol 130:Afshar village 82: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 64: 60: 59: 54: 50: 49: 46: 42: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8965: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8928: 8923: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8901: 8890: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8859: 8852: 8844: 8840: 8839: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8812:10.1038/81685 8809: 8805: 8801: 8796: 8792: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8636:(2): 97–104. 8635: 8631: 8627: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8558: 8554: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8513: 8512: 8491: 8487: 8480: 8478: 8463:on 2015-08-15 8462: 8458: 8454: 8447: 8445: 8443: 8438: 8425: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8343:Human Biology 8339: 8335: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8248: 8244: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8168: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8135:Human Biology 8131: 8127: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8088: 8084: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7964: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7901: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7805: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7767:Human Biology 7762: 7758: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7684: 7677: 7670: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7622: 7618: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7579: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7341: 7330: 7324: 7320: 7319: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6666: 6665: 6653: 6648: 6642: 6634: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6575: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6510: 6502: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6461: 6453: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6402: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6343: 6335: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6276: 6269: 6262: 6254: 6253:FamilyTreeDNA 6250: 6244: 6236: 6235:FamilyTreeDNA 6232: 6226: 6218: 6217:FamilyTreeDNA 6214: 6208: 6200: 6199:FamilyTreeDNA 6196: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6139: 6137: 6128: 6122: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6095: 6088: 6080: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6021: 6013: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5927: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5886: 5872:on 2016-10-07 5868: 5864: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5812: 5806: 5798: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5765: 5763: 5755: 5750: 5743: 5738: 5731: 5730:Fedorova 2013 5726: 5719: 5714: 5707:(1): 146–156. 5706: 5702: 5695: 5693: 5684: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5614: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5579:(3): e34288. 5578: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5561: 5552: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5499: 5494: 5486: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5378: 5371: 5366: 5358: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5306: 5301: 5294: 5286: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5243: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5193: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5152: 5145: 5140: 5133: 5128: 5126: 5118: 5117:Sengupta 2006 5113: 5106: 5105:Sengupta 2006 5101: 5094: 5093:Kivisild 2003 5089: 5087: 5079: 5078:Sengupta 2006 5074: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5023: 5021: 5012: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4961: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4705: 4696: 4690: 4686: 4685: 4677: 4675: 4667: 4662: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4632: 4630: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4554: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4525:Sengupta 2006 4521: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4458: 4453: 4451: 4443: 4438: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4406: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4372: 4371:Thamseem 2006 4368: 4367:Sengupta 2006 4364: 4360: 4354: 4350: 4327: 4318: 4311: 4309: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4281: 4272: 4263: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4237: 4228: 4219: 4210: 4203: 4202: 4195: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4164:(2): 187–91. 4163: 4159: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4115: 4113: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4042: 4033: 4026: 4021: 4011: 4002: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3983: 3976: 3969: 3962: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3938: 3933: 3932: 3924: 3919: 3918: 3912: 3907: 3899: 3890: 3885: 3884: 3878: 3875: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3856: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3826: 3817: 3809: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3787: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3768: 3762: 3759: 3754: 3748: 3745: 3739: 3732: 3729: 3723: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3666: 3656: 3653:February 2021 3644: 3639: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3600: 3598: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3448: 3439: 3435: 3432:This section 3430: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3412: 3411: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3184: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3095:Age at Death 3094: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2905:Likely light 2904: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2721:AR1/46 I1632 2720: 2718:AR1/44 I1634 2717: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2696:Areni-1 Cave 2685: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2671:(present-day 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2330:Mountain Jews 2326: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2295: 2293: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2280:Lopnur County 2277: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2180: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2145:Swahili coast 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130:Familytreedna 2127: 2126:South Arabian 2123: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2048:in Region B ( 2047: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2007:East Flanders 2004: 2003:West Flanders 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1925:Scozzari 2001 1923: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1890:Caciagli 2009 1887: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758:Puster Valley 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1732:Boattini 2013 1730: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1712:Boattini 2013 1710: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1655: 1653:Distribution 1652: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1636:(Italy), and 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1568: 1565: 1563:0.64% (3/471) 1562: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1408:Lopnur County 1405: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1226:, 7.5% (7/94) 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1168:Distribution 1167: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1001: 1000:El-Sibai 2009 998: 996: 992: 988: 984: 982: 979: 978: 975: 971: 967: 966:Regueiro 2006 964: 961: 955: 941: 935: 930: 926: 924: 921: 920: 917: 916:Gokcumen 2008 913: 910: 907: 903: 899: 895: 893: 890: 889: 885: 883:Distribution 882: 879: 878: 875: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 852:Israeli Druze 849: 848:Israeli Druze 845: 844:El-Sibai 2009 842:from Russia ( 841: 837: 833: 830: 826: 822: 812: 810: 806: 803:in northwest 802: 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 754: 752: 749:(approx. 7% ( 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 698: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 651:Tamil yadavas 648: 644: 639: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 557:Thamseem 2006 554: 553:Sengupta 2006 550: 546: 542: 527: 525: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 472: 470: 466: 462: 452: 447: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 399:Spencer Wells 396: 392: 391:Haplogroup LT 375: 372: 371: 369: 366: 357: 354: 351: 348: 347: 345: 342: 339: 336: 335: 333: 330: 325: 322: 319: 316: 313: 308: 305: 304: 302: 299: 298: 296: 293: 292: 290: 287: 286: 284: 281: 280: 279: 270: 261: 257: 254:This section 252: 249: 245: 244: 241: 239: 236:, Texas. The 235: 224: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 181: 179: 175: 171: 167: 166:haplogroup LT 163: 159: 155: 151: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 68: 65: 61: 58: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 8925: 8915:the original 8870: 8866: 8851:the original 8842: 8837: 8803: 8799: 8764: 8760: 8721: 8717: 8676: 8672: 8633: 8629: 8600: 8596: 8569: 8565: 8524: 8520: 8493:. Retrieved 8489: 8465:. Retrieved 8461:the original 8397: 8393: 8346: 8342: 8297: 8293: 8256: 8252: 8224: 8220: 8179: 8176:BMC Genetics 8175: 8138: 8134: 8099: 8095: 8056: 8052: 8015: 8011: 7976: 7972: 7944: 7940: 7891: 7887: 7850: 7846: 7811: 7807: 7770: 7766: 7738: 7734: 7695: 7691: 7676:the original 7633: 7629: 7590: 7586: 7560:(2): 95–99. 7557: 7553: 7518: 7514: 7473: 7469: 7438: 7434: 7395: 7391: 7355:(1): 47–58. 7352: 7348: 7332:. Retrieved 7317: 7291: 7287: 7259: 7255: 7216: 7212: 7166:(127): 127. 7163: 7159: 7120: 7116: 7077: 7073: 7026: 7022: 6985: 6981: 6954: 6950: 6919: 6915: 6886: 6882: 6849: 6845: 6808: 6804: 6765: 6761: 6722: 6718: 6677: 6674:BMC Genetics 6673: 6651: 6641: 6588: 6584: 6574: 6523: 6519: 6509: 6474: 6470: 6460: 6415: 6411: 6401: 6356: 6352: 6342: 6289: 6285: 6275: 6261: 6252: 6243: 6234: 6225: 6216: 6207: 6198: 6189: 6152: 6148: 6121: 6104: 6100: 6087: 6060: 6056: 6020: 5985: 5981: 5950: 5946: 5899: 5895: 5885: 5874:. Retrieved 5867:the original 5839:(1): 89–94. 5836: 5832: 5819: 5805: 5778: 5774: 5749: 5737: 5725: 5713: 5704: 5700: 5646: 5642: 5576: 5572: 5524: 5520: 5493: 5448: 5444: 5434: 5391: 5387: 5377: 5365: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5293: 5258: 5254: 5206: 5202: 5192: 5168:(1): 47–55. 5165: 5161: 5151: 5139: 5112: 5100: 5073: 5036: 5032: 4974: 4970: 4960: 4927: 4923: 4869: 4865: 4855: 4818: 4815:BMC Genetics 4814: 4804: 4772:(1): 46–59. 4769: 4765: 4755: 4720: 4716: 4683: 4664: 4649: 4628: 4622: 4569: 4565: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4442:Yfull Tree L 4437: 4425: 4405: 4396: 4387: 4378: 4363:Cordaux 2004 4353: 4326: 4317: 4307: 4300: 4295: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4245: 4236: 4227: 4218: 4209: 4200: 4194: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4142: 4007: 3950: 3650: 3642: 3522:Capelli 2001 3518: 3510: 3502: 3494: 3486: 3478: 3466: 3460: 3445:January 2013 3442: 3438:adding to it 3433: 3416: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3186: 3177:Nomenclature 2881:Likely Blue 2813:Areni-1 Cave 2807:Areni-1 Cave 2801:Areni-1 Cave 2724:ARE12 I1407 2615:Chalcolithic 2458: 2455: 2429:South Africa 2398: 2378: 2327: 2316: 2304:Central Asia 2301: 2289: 2282:, Xinjiang. 2273: 2269:Saudi Arabia 2222: 2186: 2174: 2163: 2142: 2119: 1997:and 1.3% of 1787:Pichler 2006 1776:and 1.7% of 1650:Populations 1641: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1578: 1529:Kazan Tatars 1512: 1508: 1463: 1459: 1362: 1358: 1307: 1299: 1298:12.5% (1/8) 1227: 1219: 1182: 1165:Populations 1144: 1137: 1129:Central Asia 1121:Cadenas 2008 1106:Cadenas 2008 1057:Sanchez 2005 880:Populations 872:Zalloua 2008 860:Syrian Druze 818: 798: 755: 704: 640: 565: 549:Cordaux 2004 538: 520: 476:Central Asia 473: 458: 449: 444: 388: 373: 367: 355: 349: 343: 337: 331: 320: 314: 309:(L1b1a) M349 306: 303:(L1b1) L656 300: 294: 288: 282: 277: 267:January 2013 264: 260:adding to it 255: 230: 221:Central Asia 182: 173: 149: 148: 25: 8433:Web-sources 6549:10852/83989 6024:ISOGG 2016. 3506:Semino 2000 3490:Hammer 2001 3130:Read Pairs 3051:Eurogenes 2963:Shared DNA 2893:Likely Red 2867:Isotope Sr 2833:Percentage 2805:Burial 3 / 2799:Burial 2 / 2791:6025 ± 325 2782:Date (YBP) 2743:Population 2599:Ancient DNA 2489:Percentage 2483:Population 2443:. 13.8% of 2395:L1b1 (M349) 2255:, northern 2219:L1a2 (M357) 2199:, southern 2193:Sri Lankans 2191:and 15% of 2095:North Tyrol 2066:Kals valley 2025:, Novgorod 2023:Antsiferovo 1963:Beleza 2006 1851:Semino 2000 1809:Chokhatauri 1791:Thomas 2007 1739:South Tyrol 1586:Han Chinese 1548:1.9% (1/54) 1533:2.6% (1/38) 1515:in Central 1484:4.0% (1/25) 1448:Hammer 2005 1440:4.4% (3/68) 1425:4.5% (2/44) 1421:Karakalpaks 1365:and L1b in 1343:9.5% (4/42) 1328:9.7% (3/31) 1281:Ishkashimis 1222:and L1c in 1185:and L1c in 1134:Afghanistan 1042:Flores 2005 954:East Azeris 794:Afghanistan 727:Afghanistan 719:Balochistan 707:Indus River 683:Indian Jews 667:Ambalakarar 628:Maharashtra 574:caste from 482:(including 469:Balochistan 427:South Asian 407:Middle East 195:(25%), and 193:Afghanistan 189:Balochistan 94:Afghanistan 92:, Northern 90:Balochistan 8495:2013-01-01 8467:2013-01-01 8364:1808/16387 5876:2016-10-05 5718:Zhong 2010 5370:Wells 2001 5132:Qamar 2002 4457:Mahal 2018 4417:References 3541:Haplogroup 3285:ISOGG 2012 3280:ISOGG 2011 3275:ISOGG 2010 3270:ISOGG 2009 3265:ISOGG 2008 3260:ISOGG 2007 3255:ISOGG 2006 2788:6086 ± 72 2785:6161 ± 89 2710:Areni-III 2646:Bronze Age 2642:Uzbekistan 2530:0.0000115 2503:Azerbaijan 2338:Balkarians 2298:L1b (M317) 2183:L1a1 (M27) 2170:South Asia 2097:, Austria 2088:Young 2011 2083:Gipuzkoans 2058:Defereggen 2054:Lower Drau 2041:, Austria 2039:East Tyrol 1976:Bulgarians 1936:Balkarians 1760:, 2.2% of 1756:, 2.9% of 1752:, 8.3% of 1567:Lobov 2009 1537:Wells 2001 1517:Kyrgyzstan 1505:Kyrgyzstan 1492:Dulik 2012 1488:Dulik 2012 1429:Wells 2001 1410:, Xinjiang 1403:(Lopliks) 1389:Kyrgyzstan 1347:Wells 2001 1332:Wells 2001 1287:Wells 2001 1259:Kyrgyzstan 1238:Wells 2001 1203:Wells 2001 1076:Wells 2001 1072:Weale 2001 934:South Iran 864:Wells 2001 786:Nuristanis 760:-speaking 713:where the 679:Tamil Nadu 677:castes of 632:Vokkaligas 600:Jat people 545:Indo-Aryan 530:South Asia 465:Indo-Aryan 433:valley to 423:West Asian 411:Pamir Knot 370:(L2) L595 201:Tajikistan 185:South Asia 114:Nuristanis 8451:Krahn T. 7981:CiteSeerX 7476:(1): 10. 6566:221769227 6393:219105572 6316:0036-8075 5394:: 19166. 5300:CiteSeerX 5144:Shah 2011 4821:(1): 42. 4666:of India. 4359:Basu 2003 4345:Footnotes 4308:PhyloTree 4143:Footnotes 3561:Paragroup 3546:Haplotype 3101:15 ± 2.5 3098:11 ± 2.5 3062:Dodecad 3040:Dodecad 2757:Language 2735:L1a1-M27 2707:Areni-II 2701:Property 2640:sites in 2558:West Asia 2498:West Asia 2465:Kordestan 2452:L2 (L595) 2362:Armenians 2346:Chamalals 2160:L1 (M295) 2102:Tyroleans 2046:Tyroleans 1938:, Russia 1920:Estonians 1899:, Russia 1881:Chamalins 1864:, Russia 1862:Daghestan 1825:Gardabani 1799:Georgians 1774:Vinschgau 1770:Vinschgau 1766:Val Badia 1754:Val Badia 1750:Val Badia 1726:Venetians 1706:Aquilanis 1667:19.2% of 1638:Andalusia 1575:East Asia 1277:Shugnanis 1113:UAE Arabs 1091:Luis 2004 1064:Armenians 940:Kordestan 832:genocides 758:Dravidian 695:Shah 2011 655:Vanniyars 636:Lingayats 624:Maratha's 596:Shah 2011 592:Karnataka 584:Shah 2011 541:Dravidian 461:Dravidian 435:Neolithic 98:Karnataka 57:West Asia 8947:Category 8889:20837606 8828:12893406 8820:11062480 8791:10577926 8748:18385274 8705:11481588 8660:21432405 8652:11313742 8617:10904265 8588:11420360 8553:11170891 8424:18374297 8373:21846204 8334:11526236 8281:23113666 8273:11810279 8243:17712356 8208:16893451 8155:25397702 8126:21741027 8083:16400607 8040:11073453 8003:11543889 7963:15756297 7928:16415161 7867:16770078 7838:11898125 7795:46073270 7787:20504204 7757:24132124 7722:14973781 7660:22126748 7617:12536373 7574:21036685 7545:32079904 7537:18294359 7502:21463511 7457:20207712 7422:11481588 7371:16328082 7308:12927125 7278:16142507 7243:17047675 7200:23782551 7147:19686289 7104:22281367 7053:14761656 7010:10763736 7002:14586639 6973:17928816 6938:19911015 6903:23283748 6866:16626329 6837:29410676 6792:19107149 6749:14525929 6706:19772609 6633:27459054 6558:32939067 6501:36007055 6492:10064553 6452:34191795 6412:PLOS One 6385:32470401 6334:31488661 6292:(6457). 6181:33273712 6079:21917723 6012:21571925 5926:21741027 5863:20700146 5797:24300649 5754:Kim 2011 5683:24204668 5643:PLOS One 5613:22470552 5573:PLOS One 5551:22510847 5485:24204668 5445:PLOS One 5426:26759184 5357:23209694 5325:PLOS One 5285:16400607 5233:12536373 5184:19158816 5065:28979290 5011:21187967 4971:PLOS One 4944:16096211 4896:14761656 4847:16893451 4796:19058044 4747:11898125 4614:19920170 4596:25593348 4539:, 2015, 4505:22510847 4305:, and; 4296:op. cit. 4186:23291764 4178:24166809 3816:F-Y27277 3566:Subclade 3529:See also 2768:Culture 2704:Areni-I 2661:Iron Age 2469:Shapsugs 2437:Slovenia 2403:who are 2385:Iranians 2381:Makranis 2358:Chechens 2319:Italians 2253:Ingushes 2249:Chechens 2241:Pakistan 2237:Pashtuns 2229:Kalashas 2225:Burushos 2197:Pakistan 2076:Gipuzkoa 2030:Russians 2028:2.3% of 1995:Turnhout 1993:2.4% of 1991:Mechelen 1985:Flanders 1974:3.9% of 1970:Bulgaria 1956:5.0% of 1952:Portugal 1906:L1c-M357 1904:Russians 1902:5.9% of 1841:Lentekhi 1837:Gurjaani 1821:Baghdati 1813:Martvili 1744:8.9% of 1741:, Italy 1721:, Italy 1701:, Italy 1681:, Italy 1669:Fascians 1664:, Italy 1634:Calabria 1582:Balinese 1559:Bashkirs 1499:Kyrgyzes 1480:Chelkans 1455:Turkmens 1414:Liu 2018 1354:Pashtuns 1324:Yagnobis 1087:1% L-M11 942:(2-4/25) 868:Lebanese 854:, 8% in 805:Pakistan 790:Pakistan 788:in both 774:Makranis 747:Pashtuns 735:Balochis 731:Pashtuns 711:Pakistan 701:Pakistan 689:. 2% of 524:subclade 415:Pakistan 403:Eurasian 326:L-SK1412 213:Caucasus 205:Anatolia 122:Pashtuns 63:Ancestor 8924:, from 8903:ISOGG, 8782:1288383 8739:2336805 8696:1235490 8544:1235276 8415:2427286 8381:3191418 8302:Bibcode 8199:1569435 8163:7733899 8117:3135801 8074:1380230 8020:Bibcode 8012:Science 7919:1347984 7896:Bibcode 7875:7017701 7713:1182266 7651:3306861 7493:3087676 7413:1235490 7379:6559289 7334:May 13, 7234:2588664 7191:3695835 7168:Bibcode 7138:3312577 7095:3276666 7061:5721248 7031:Bibcode 6874:4652154 6828:5787057 6783:2947100 6697:2759955 6661:Sources 6624:5003663 6601:bioRxiv 6593:Bibcode 6528:Bibcode 6471:Science 6443:8244877 6420:Bibcode 6325:6822619 6294:bioRxiv 6286:Science 6172:8182888 6003:3355373 5917:3135801 5854:3039498 5674:3799995 5651:Bibcode 5604:3314501 5581:Bibcode 5542:3449065 5476:3799995 5453:Bibcode 5417:4725824 5396:Bibcode 5348:3508930 5276:1380230 5056:5611447 5039:: 121. 5002:3004917 4979:Bibcode 4904:5721248 4874:Bibcode 4838:1569435 4787:2755252 4605:2787129 4574:Bibcode 4496:3449065 4020:K-M2313 4013: 3954: 3939: 3925: 3909: 3900: 3891: 3713: 3696: 3643:updated 3514:Su 1999 3152:Source 3141:Sample 2653:Alalakh 2631:Armenia 2527:1/8641 2523:Germany 2492:Source 2480:Region 2441:Moldova 2413:Armenia 2409:Lebanon 2405:Levites 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