Harold Macmillan - Knowledge

3456:, Macmillan was summoned on what he called the "Laos dash" for an emergency summit with Kennedy in Key West on 26 March 1961. Macmillan was strongly opposed to the idea of sending British troops to fight in Laos, but was afraid of damaging relations with the United States if he did not, making him very apprehensive as he set out for Key West, especially as he had never met Kennedy before. Macmillan was especially opposed to intervention in Laos as he had been warned by his Chiefs of Staff on 4 January 1961 that if Western troops entered Laos, then China would probably intervene in Laos as Mao Zedong had made it quite clear he would not accept Western forces in any nation that bordered China. The same report stated that a war with China in Laos would "be a bottomless pit in which our limited military resources would rapidly disappear". Kennedy for his part wanted Britain to commit forces to Laos if the United States did for political reasons. The meeting in Key West was very tense as Macmillan was heard to mutter "He's pushing me hard, but I won't give way". However, Macmillan did reluctantly agree if the Americans intervened in Laos, then so too would Britain. The Laos crisis had a major crisis in Anglo-Thai relations as the Thais pressed for armed forces of all SEATO members to brought to "Charter Yellow", a state of heightened alert that the British representative to SEATO vetoed. The Thais wanted to change the voting procedure for SEATO from requiring unanimous consent to a three-quarter majority, a measure that Britain vetoed, causing the Thais to lose interest in SEATO. 3702:("confrontation") with Britain. Macmillan detested Sukarno, partly because he had been a Japanese collaborator in World War Two, and partly because of his fondness for elaborate uniforms despite never having personally fought in a war offended the World War I veteran Macmillan, who had a strong contempt for any man who had not seen combat. In his diary, Macmillan called Sukarno "a cross between Liberace and Little Lord Fauntleroy". Macmillan felt that giving in to Sukarno's demands would be "appeasement" and clashed with Kennedy over the issue. Sukarno was the leader of the most populous nation in Southeast Asia and though officially neutral in the Cold War, tended to take anti-Western positions, and Kennedy favoured accommodating him to bring him closer to the West; for example, supporting Indonesia's claim to Dutch New Guinea even through the Netherlands was a NATO ally. Macmillan feared the expenses of an all-out war with Indonesia, but also felt to give in to Sukarno would damage British prestige, writing on 5 August 1963 that Britain's position in Asia would be "untenable" if Sukarno were to triumph over Britain in the same manner he had over the Dutch in New Guinea. To help reduce the expenses of the war, Macmillan appealed to the Australian Prime Minister 3690:

federation of Malaysia to ensure the new state was a Malay majority state. During the Malaya Emergency, the majority of the Communist guerrillas were ethnic Chinese, and British policies tended to favour the Muslim Malays whose willingness to follow their sultans and imams made them more anti-communist. Southeast Asia was a region where racial-ethno-religious politics predominated, and the substantial Chinese minorities in the region were widely disliked on the account of their greater economic success. Macmillan wanted Britain to retain military bases in the new state of Malaysia to ensure that Britain was a military power in Asia and thus he wanted the new state of Malaysia to have a pro-Western government. This aim was best achieved by having the same Malay elite who had worked with the British colonial authorities serve as the new elite in Malaysia, hence Macmillan's desire to have a Malay majority who would vote for Malay politicians. Macmillan especially wanted to keep the British base at Singapore, which he like other prime ministers saw as the linchpin of British power in Asia.

2915:, stated that Macmillan dominated Cabinet meetings "by sheer superiority of mind and of judgement". Macmillan frequently made allusions to history, literature and the classics at cabinet meetings, giving him a reputation as being both learned and entertaining, though many ministers found his manner too authoritarian. Macmillan had no "inner cabinet", and instead maintained one-on-one relationships with a few senior ministers such as Rab Butler who usually served as acting prime minister when Macmillan was on one of his frequent visits abroad. Selwyn Lloyd described Macmillan as treating most of his ministers like "junior officers in a unit he commanded". Lloyd recalled that Macmillan: "regarded the Cabinet as an instrument to play upon, a body to be molded to his will...very rarely did he fail to get his way" Macmillan generally allowed his ministers much leeway in managing their portfolios, and only intervened if he felt something had gone wrong. Macmillan was especially close to his three private secretaries, Tom Bligh, Freddie Bishop and 3425:

1960, but which Khrushchev refused to attend owing to the U-2 incident. Macmillan pressed Eisenhower to apologise to Khrushchev, which the president refused to do. Macmillan's failure to make Eisenhower "say sorry" to Khrushchev forced him to reconsider his "Greeks and Romans" foreign policy as he privately conceded that could no "longer talk usefully to the Americans". The failure of the Paris summit changed Macmillan's attitude towards the European Economic Community, which he started to see as a counterbalance to American power. At the same time, the Anglo-American "working groups", which Macmillan attached such importance to turned out to be largely ineffective as the Americans did not wish to have their options limited by a British veto; by in-fighting between agencies of the U.S. government such as the State Department, Defense Department, etc.; and because of the

3304:, increasing his party's majority from 60 to 100 seats. The campaign was based on the economic improvements achieved as well as the low unemployment and improving standard of living; the slogan "Life's Better Under the Conservatives" was matched by Macmillan's own 1957 remark, "indeed let us be frank about it—most of our people have never had it so good," usually paraphrased as "You've never had it so good." Such rhetoric reflected a new reality of working-class affluence; it has been argued that "the key factor in the Conservative victory was that average real pay for industrial workers had risen since Churchill's 1951 victory by over 20 per cent". The scale of the victory meant that not only had the Conservatives won three successive general elections, but they had also increased their majority each time. It sparked debate as to whether Labour (now led by 2858: 14552: 14288: 4462: 3870:– in which an Admiralty clerk, John Vassall, was convicted in October 1962 of passing secrets to the Soviet Union – undermined his "Super-Mac" reputation for competence. D. R. Thorpe writes that from January 1963 "Macmillan's strategy lay in ruins", leaving him looking for a "graceful exit". The Vassall affair turned the press against him. In the same month, opposition leader Hugh Gaitskell died suddenly at the age of 56. With a general election due before the end of the following year, Gaitskell's death threw the future of British politics into fresh doubt. The following month Harold Wilson was elected as the new Labour leader, and he proved to be a popular choice with the public. 3791:(EFTA), which from 3 May 1960 established a free-trade area. As the EC proved to be an economic success, membership of the EC started to look more attractive compared to the EFTA. A report from Sir Frank Lee of the Treasury in April 1960 predicated that the three major power blocs in the decades to come would be those headed by the United States, the Soviet Union and the EC, and argued to avoid isolation Britain would to have decisively associate itself with one of the power blocs. Macmillan wrote in his diary about his decision to apply to join the EC: "Shall we be caught between a hostile (or at least less and less friendly) America and a boastful, powerful ' 2663:

Africa. The US government refused any financial help until Britain withdrew its forces from Egypt. When he did realise this, he changed his mind and called for withdrawal on US terms, while exaggerating the financial crisis. On 6 November Macmillan informed the Cabinet that Britain had lost $ 370m in the first few days of November alone. Faced with Macmillan's prediction of doom, the cabinet had no choice but to accept these terms and withdraw. The Canal remained in Egyptian hands, and Nasser's government continued its support of Arab and African national resistance movements opposed to the British and French presence in the region and on the continent.

3445:, the nephew of Macmillan's wife. Macmillan initially was concerned that the Irish-American Catholic Kennedy might be an Anglophobe, which led Macmillan, who knew of Kennedy's special interest in the Third World, to suggest that Britain and the United States spend more money on aid to the Third World. The emphasis on aid to the Third World also coincided well with Macmillan's "one nation conservatism" as he wrote in a letter to Kennedy advocating reforms to capitalism to ensure full employment: "If we fail in this, Communism will triumph, not by war or even by subversion but by seemingly to be a better way of bringing people material comforts". 3997: 2651:, and told him that the government's plan for simply regaining control of the canal was not enough and suggested involving Israel, recording in his diary for that day: "Surely, if we landed we must seek out the Egyptian forces; destroy them; and bring down Nasser's government. Churchill seemed to agree with all this." Macmillan knew President Eisenhower well, but misjudged his strong opposition to a military solution. Macmillan met Eisenhower privately on 25 September 1956 and convinced himself that the US would not oppose the invasion, despite the misgivings of the British Ambassador, Sir 2743: 3513:(CND), whose rallies in the late 1950s-early 1960s calling for British nuclear disarmament were well attended. Macmillan believed in the value of nuclear weapons both as a deterrent against the Soviet Union and to maintain Britain's claim to be a great power, but he was also worried about the popularity of the CND. For Macmillan, banning above-ground nuclear tests, which generated film footage of the ominous mushroom clouds raising far above the earth, was the best way to dent the appeal of the CND, and in this the Partial Nuclear Ban Treaty of 1963 was successful. 3530: 2189: 1756:, an arrangement that scandalised high society but remained unknown to the general public. Philip Frere, a partner in Frere Cholmely solicitors, urged Macmillan not to divorce his wife, which at that time would have been fatal to a public career even for the "innocent party". Macmillan and Lady Dorothy lived largely separate lives in private thereafter. The stress caused by that may have contributed to Macmillan's nervous breakdown in 1931. He was often treated with condescension by his aristocratic in-laws and was observed to be a sad and isolated figure at 3484:. By contrast, Kennedy felt that the regime of Katanga was a Belgian puppet state and its mere existence was damaging to the prestige of the West in the Third World. Over Macmillan's objections, Kennedy decided to have the United Nations forces to evict the white mercenaries from Katanga and reintegrate Katanga into the Congo. For his part, Kennedy pressed Macmillan unsuccessfully to have Britain join the American economic embargo against Cuba. Macmillan told his Foreign Secretary, Lord Home "there is no reason for us to help the Americans with Cuba". 11565: 11548: 3803:, who saw Britain joining the EC as a betrayal of the British empire. As expected, the Beaverbrook newspapers whose readers tended to vote Conservative offered up ferocious criticism of Macmillan's application to join the EC, accusing him of betrayal. Negotiations to join the EC were complicated by Macmillan's desire to allow Britain to continue its traditional policy of importing food from the Commonwealth nations of Australia, New Zealand and Canada, which led the EC nations, especially France, to accuse Britain of negotiating in bad faith. 3522: 3405: 3165: 3292:

believed marked the beginning of a new era of Anglo-American partnership. Subsequently, Macmillan was to learn that neither Eisenhower nor Kennedy shared the assumption that he applied to the "Declaration of Interdependence" that the American president and the British Prime Minister had equal power over the decisions of war and peace. Macmillan believed that the American policies towards the Soviet Union were too rigid and confrontational, and favoured a policy of détente with the aim of relaxing Cold War tensions.

3288:. The American cockiness is shaken....President is under severe attack for the first time...The atmosphere is now such that almost anything might be decided, however revolutionary". The "revolutionary" change that Macmillan sought was a more equal Anglo-American partnership as he used the Sputnik crisis to press Eisenhower to in turn press Congress to repeal the 1946 MacMahon Act, which forbade the United States to share nuclear technology with foreign governments, a goal accomplished by the end of 1957. 14514: 13929: 1656:, and his future father-in-law. The engagement of Captain Macmillan to the Duke's daughter Lady Dorothy was announced on 7 January 1920. He relinquished his commission on 1 April 1920. As was common for contemporary former officers, he continued to be known as 'Captain Macmillan' until the early 1930s and was listed as such in every general election between 1923 and 1931. As late as his North African posting of 1942–43 he reminded Churchill that he held the rank of captain in the Guards reserve. 18704: 16601: 1107: 3732: 17166: 16686: 3388:(or Beeching I report) was published on 27 March 1963. The report starts by quoting the brief provided by the prime minister, Harold Macmillan, from 1960, "First, the industry must be of a size and pattern suited to modern conditions and prospects. In particular, the railway system must be modelled to meet current needs, and the modernisation plan must be adapted to this new shape", and with the premise that the railways should be run as a profitable business. This led to the notorious 4538: 3492:, was being obstructionist, Macmillan telephoned Kennedy on 11 April 1963 to suggest a joint letter to Khrushchev to break the impasse. Through Khrushchev's reply to the Macmillan-Kennedy letter was mostly negative, Macmillan pressed Kennedy to take up the one positive aspect in his reply, namely that if a senior Anglo-American team would arrive in Moscow, he would welcome them to discuss how best to proceed about a nuclear test ban treaty. The two envoys who arrived in Moscow were 16591: 2054: 2181:. Macmillan wrote in his diary during the Casablanca conference: "I christened the two personalities the Emperor of the East and the Emperor of the West and indeed it was rather like a meeting of the late Roman empire". For Macmillan, the "remarkable and romantic episodes" as President Roosevelt met Prime Minister Churchill in Casablanca convinced him that personal diplomacy was the best way to deal with Americans, which later influenced his foreign policy as prime minister. 3067: 14453: 12959: 2486: 3612: 2526:

bearing of a former Guards officer, acquiring the distinguished appearance of his later career. Campbell writes "there has been no more startling personal reinvention in British politics". He very often wore either an Old Etonian or a Brigade of Guards tie. Campbell also suggests that Harold Wilson's image change during Macmillan's premiership from "boring young statistician into lovable Yorkshire comic" was made in conscious imitation of Macmillan.

18486: 14465: 2730:, who had asked the Cabinet individually for their opinions, all but two or three opting for Macmillan. This surprised some observers who had expected that Eden's deputy Rab Butler would be chosen. The political situation after Suez was so desperate that on taking office on 10 January he told the Queen he could not guarantee his government would last "six weeks"—though ultimately he would be in charge of the government for more than six years. 3914:(who was very popular with backbench MPs at that time) declined to push for his resignation, especially after a tide of support from Conservative activists around the country. Many of the salacious revelations about the sex lives of "Establishment" figures during the Profumo affair damaged the image of "the Establishment" that Macmillan was seen as a part of, giving him the image by 1963 of a "failing representative of a decadent elite". 4275: 2707:'s recollection almost knocked Butler off his chair with his expansive arm gestures. Macmillan wrote "I held the Tory Party for the weekend, it was all I intended to do". Macmillan had further meetings with Aldrich and Winston Churchill after Eden left for Jamaica (23 November) while briefing journalists (disingenuously) that he planned to retire and go to the Lords. He was also hinting that he would not serve under Butler. 3052: 2466:

list, was a poisoned chalice, writing in his diary (28 October 1951) that it was "not my cup of tea at all ... I really haven't a clue how to set about the job". It meant obtaining scarce steel, cement and timber when the Treasury were trying to maximise exports and minimise imports. 'It is a gamble—it will make or mar your political career,' Churchill said, 'but every humble home will bless your name if you succeed.'

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London in June 1961 after Kennedy had been bested by Khrushchev at a summit in Vienna even more so. It was at his third meeting in London that Macmillan started to assume the mantle of an elder statesman, who offered Kennedy encouragement and his experience that formed a lasting friendship. Believing that personal diplomacy was the best way to influence Kennedy, Macmillan appointed

64: 2569:, whom he was replacing as Chancellor, not have the title "Deputy Prime Minister" and not be treated as senior to him. He even tried (in vain) to demand that Salisbury, not Butler, should preside over the Cabinet in Eden's absence. Macmillan later claimed in his memoirs that he had still expected Butler, his junior by eight years, to succeed Eden, but correspondence with 2381:. Criticised locally for his long absence, he suggested that Lady Dorothy stand for Stockton in 1945, as she had been nursing the seat for five years. She was apparently willing. However, it was thought better for him to be seen to defend his seat, and Lord Beaverbrook had already spoken to Churchill to arrange that Macmillan be given another seat in the event of defeat. 2687:, in which he said that if he were prime minister the US Administration would find him much more amenable. Eisenhower encouraged Aldrich to have further meetings. Macmillan and Butler met Aldrich on 21 November. Eisenhower spoke highly of Macmillan ("A straight, fine man, and so far as he is concerned, the outstanding one of the British he served with during the war"). 2306:) or come into conflict with British troops. Macmillan rode in a tank and was under sniper fire at the British Embassy. Despite the hostility of large sections of British and American opinion, who were sympathetic to the guerrillas and hostile to what was seen as imperialist behaviour, he persuaded a reluctant Churchill, who visited Athens later in the month, to accept 3567:

meetings that the level of force required to hang onto them would result in more domestic criticism, international opprobrium, costly wars, and would allow the Soviet Union to establish influence in the Third World by supporting self-styled "liberation" movements that would just make things worse. After securing a third term for the Conservatives in 1959 he appointed

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dictatorships), or for the Beeching Plan (which was accepted by Labour in 1964, although Macmillan himself had reservations and had asked civil servants to draw up plans for extra road-building), and argues that had he remained in power Macmillan would never have allowed inflation to get as far out of hand as it did in the 1970s.

2275:, but did not meet with American approval. Eden sent out Robert Dixon to abolish the job of Resident Minister, there being then no job for Macmillan back in the UK, but he managed to prevent his job being abolished. Churchill visited Italy in August 1944. On 14 September 1944 Macmillan was appointed Chief Commissioner of the 3377:(NEDC, known as "Neddy"), which was announced in the summer of 1961 and first met in 1962. However, the National Incomes Commission (NIC, known as "Nicky"), set up in October 1962 to institute controls on income as part of his growth-without-inflation policy, proved less effective. This was largely due to employers and the 2518:", Macmillan wrote in his diary as the Prime Minister's mental and physical powers visibly decayed. Macmillan was one of the few ministers brave enough to tell Churchill to his face that it was time for him to retire. Petain, a successful French general in the First World War, had become senile while heading the pro-German 3910:, that it would be "Never glad confident morning again!". On 17 June 1963, he survived a Parliamentary vote with a majority of 69, one fewer than had been thought necessary for his survival, and was afterwards joined in the smoking-room only by his son and son-in-law, not by any Cabinet minister. However, Butler and 1906:. In 1933 he was the sole author of "Reconstruction: A Plea for a National Unity". In 1935 he was one of 15 MPs to write "Planning for Employment". His next publication, "The Next Five Years", was overshadowed by Lloyd George's proposed "New Deal" in 1935. Macmillan Press also published the work of the economist 4689:

venerable elder statesman at home with modern youth. There was something in all these views, which he did little to discourage, and which commanded public respect into the early 1960s. Whether he was ever a mainstream Conservative, rather than a skilful exponent of the postwar consensus, is more doubtful.

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Campbell writes that: "a late developer who languished on the back benches ... in the 1930s, Macmillan seized his opportunity when it came with flair and ruthlessness, and filled the highest office with compelling style". However, he argues that Macmillan is remembered as having been "a rather seedy

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called him "The Last Edwardian at Number Ten" (1980), mistakenly in the view of Nigel Fisher. Fisher described him as "complex, almost chameleon". At times he portrayed himself as the descendant of a Scottish crofter, as a businessman, aristocrat, intellectual and soldier. Labour leader Harold Wilson

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By July 1952 Macmillan was already criticising Butler (then Chancellor of the Exchequer) in his diary, accusing him of "dislik(ing) and fear(ing) him"; in fact there is no evidence that Butler regarded Macmillan as a rival at this stage. In April 1953 Beaverbrook encouraged Macmillan to think that in

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On 22 February 1943, Macmillan was badly burned in a plane crash, trying to climb back into the plane to rescue a Frenchman. He had to have a plaster cast put on his face. In his delirium he imagined himself back in a Somme casualty clearing station and asked for a message to be passed to his mother,

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Macmillan told Crossman: "We, my dear Crossman, are the Greeks in the American empire. You will find the Americans much as the Greeks found the Romans—great big, vulgar bustling people, more vigorous than we are and also more idle, with more unspoiled virtues, but also more corrupt. We must run AFHQ (

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Owing to the impending contraction of the Army after the war, a regular commission in the Grenadiers was out of the question. However, at the end of 1918 Macmillan joined the Guards Reserve Battalion at Chelsea Barracks for "light duties". On one occasion he had to command reliable troops in a nearby

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pressure from the US Administration for Macmillan to be chosen, or rather whether being the candidate best placed to rebuild bridges with the Americans was simply another reason why leading Conservatives preferred him to Butler. Published accounts do not agree about the date of the meeting. Williams

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Richard Lamb argues that Macmillan was "by far the best of Britain's postwar Prime Ministers, and his administration performed better than any of their successors". Lamb argues that it is unfair to blame Macmillan for excessively quick African independence (resulting in many former colonies becoming

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In later life Macmillan was open about his failure to read Eisenhower's thoughts correctly and much regretted the damage done to Anglo-American relations, but always maintained that the Anglo-French military response to the nationalisation of the Canal had been for the best. D. R. Thorpe rejects the

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Macmillan planned to reverse the 6d cut in income tax which Butler had made a year previously, but backed off after a "frank talk" with Butler, who threatened resignation, on 28 March 1956. He settled for spending cuts instead, and himself threatened resignation until he was allowed to cut bread and

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as a junior partner. In 1936, Harold and his brother Daniel took control of the firm, with the former focusing on the political and non-fiction side of the business. Harold resigned from the company on appointment to ministerial office in 1940. He resumed working with the firm from 1945 to 1951 when

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Macmillan 1966, pp. 107–108. This period saw disturbances amongst British troops in France, which was of grave worry to the Government as the Russian and German revolutions had been accompanied by army mutinies. In the end the crisis was resolved by giving priority for demobilisation to men who had

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for Defence), not least because of Macmillan's own behaviour, as Chancellor, in demanding a halt to the Suez operation. She later recalled: 'I never regretted following Harold Macmillan's advice. We were never tempted to compromise the security of our forces for financial reasons. Everything we did

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in July 1959 concerning the suppression of demonstrators in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) called Nyasaland "a police state". In the aftermath of criticism about colonial policies in Kenya and Nyasland, Macmillan from 1959 onward started to see the African colonies as a liability, arguing at cabinet

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of August 1963, banning all above ground nuclear tests. Macmillan had pressing domestic reasons for the nuclear test ban treaty. Newsreel footage of Soviet and American nuclear tests throughout the 1950s had terrified segments of the British public who were highly concerned about the possibility of

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of 1962 and Kennedy consulted him by telephone every day. The Ambassador David Ormsby-Gore was a close family friend of the president and actively involved in White House discussions on how to resolve the crisis. About the Congo crisis, Macmillan clashed with Kennedy as he was against having United

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Britain's humiliation at the hands of the US caused deep anger among Conservative MPs. After the ceasefire a motion on the Order Paper attacking the US for "gravely endangering the Atlantic Alliance" attracted the signatures of over a hundred MPs. Macmillan tried, but failed, to see Eisenhower (who

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The treasury was his portfolio, but he did not recognise the financial disaster that could result from US government actions. Sterling was draining out of the Bank of England at an alarming rate. The canal was blocked by the Egyptians, and most oil shipments were delayed as tankers had to go around

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under Churchill, who entrusted him with fulfilling the pledge to build 300,000 houses per year (up from the previous target of 200,000 a year), made in response to a speech from the floor at the 1950 Party Conference. Macmillan thought at first that Housing, which ranked 13 out of 16 in the Cabinet

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Sarah Macmillan (1930–1970). A family rumour that Boothby was her natural father has been discounted by the most recent and detailed study. Married Andrew Heath in 1953; two children. Having had an abortion in 1951, she was unable to have children of her own and the couple adopted two sons. She had

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Death and distance cannot lend sufficient enchantment to alter the view that the period over which he presided in the 1950s, while certainly and thankfully a period of rising affluence and confidence, was also a time of opportunities missed, of changes avoided. Harold Macmillan was, of course, not

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on 3 March 1959, which attracted much adverse publicity as the news filtered out from Kenya to the United Kingdom. Many in the British media compared the living conditions in the Kenyan camps to the concentration camps of Nazi Germany, saying that the people in the camps were emaciated and sickly.

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independence movement, which accelerated under his second government. The most problematic of the colonies was the Central African Federation, which had united Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland together in 1953 largely out of the fear that the white population of Southern Rhodesia

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expenditure), and the cuts made by Butler and Macmillan as Chancellors in 1955–56, was another step in the development of "stop-go" economics, as opposed to prudent medium-term management. Macmillan, away on a tour of the Commonwealth, brushed aside this incident as "a little local difficulty". He

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During the Second World War Macmillan's toothy grin, baggy trousers and rimless glasses had given him, as his biographer puts it, "an air of an early Bolshevik leader". By the 1950s he had had his teeth capped, grew his hair in a more shapely style, wore Savile Row suits and walked with the ramrod

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Paying tribute, Thatcher hailed Macmillan as "a very remarkable man and a very great patriot", and said that his dislike of "selling the family silver" had never come between them. He was "unique in the affection of the British people". Additional tributes came from around the world. US President

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Enoch Powell claimed that it was wrong of Macmillan to seek to monopolise the advice given to the Queen in this way. In fact, this was done at the Palace's request, so that the Queen was not being seen to be involved in politics as had happened in January 1957, and had been decided as far back as

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While recovering in hospital, Macmillan wrote a memorandum (dated 14 October) recommending the process by which "soundings" would be taken of party opinion to select his successor, which was accepted by the Cabinet on 15 October. This time backbench MPs and junior ministers were to be asked their

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Many politicians of our time are in the habit of laying it down as a self-evident proposition that no people ought to be free until they are fit to use their freedom. The maxim is worthy of the fool in the old story, who resolved not to go into the water until he had learnt to swim. If men are to

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In the age of jet aircraft Macmillan travelled more than any previous prime minister, apart from Lloyd George who made many trips to conferences in 1919–22. Macmillan planned an important role in setting up a four power summit in Paris to discuss the Berlin crisis that was supposed to open in May

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on the night of 10 October 1957, which broke out in the plutonium plant of Pile No. 1, and nuclear contaminants travelled up a chimney where the filters blocked some, but not all, of the contaminated material. The radioactive cloud spread to south-east England and fallout reached mainland Europe.

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achieved independence within the Commonwealth of Nations in 1957. "The material strength of the Old Commonwealth members, if joined with the moral influence of the Asiatic members, meant that a united Commonwealth would always have a very powerful voice in world affairs," said Macmillan in a 1957

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Butler later recorded that during his period as acting Head of Government at Number Ten, he noticed constant comings and goings of ministers to Macmillan's study in Number 11 next door—and that those who attended all seemed to receive promotions when Macmillan became prime minister. Macmillan had

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writes that Macmillan's final weeks were typical of his premiership, "devious, theatrical and self-seeking". Macmillan is best remembered for the "affluent society", which he inherited rather than created in the late 1950s, but chancellors came and went and by the early 1960s economic policy was

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It breaks my heart to see—and I cannot interfere—what is happening in our country today. This terrible strike, by the best men in the world, who beat the Kaiser's and Hitler's armies and never gave in. It is pointless and we cannot afford that kind of thing. Then there is the growing division of

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in April 1961 made Kennedy distrust the hawkish advice he received from the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the CIA, and he ultimately decided against intervention in Laos, much to Macmillan's private relief. Macmillan's second meeting with Kennedy in April 1961 was friendlier and his third meeting in

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approach to the economy was to seek high or full employment, especially with a general election looming. This contrasted with the Treasury ministers who argued that support of sterling required spending cuts and, probably, a rise in unemployment. Their advice was rejected and in January 1958 the

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Macmillan spent the 1930s on the backbenches. In March 1932 he published "The State and Industry" (not to be confused with his earlier pamphlet "Industry and the State"). In September 1932 he made his first visit to the USSR. Macmillan also published "The Next Step". He advocated cheap money and

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Macmillan received an intensive early education, closely guided by his American mother. He learned French at home every morning from a succession of nursery maids, and exercised daily at Mr Macpherson's Gymnasium and Dancing Academy, around the corner from the family home. From the age of six or

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He presented himself as a patrician, as the last Edwardian, as a Whig (in the tradition of his wife's family), as a romantic Tory, as intellectual, as a man shaped by the comradeship of the trenches and by the slump of the 1930s, as a shrewd man of business of bourgeois Scottish stock, and as a

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wrote of how "he makes a show of being feeble and decrepit", mentioning how he had suddenly stopped shambling and sprinted for a train. Nigel Fisher tells an anecdote of how Macmillan initially greeted him to his house leaning on a stick, but later walked and climbed steps perfectly well, twice

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could be shoehorned in as his successor. He saw Butler on the morning of 7 October and told him he planned to stay on to lead the Conservatives into the next General Election, then was struck down by prostate problems on the night of 7–8 October, on the eve of the Conservative Party conference.

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on 29 January 1963. De Gaulle was always strongly opposed to British entry for many reasons. He sensed the British were inevitably closely linked to the Americans. He saw the European Communities as a continental arrangement primarily between France and Germany, and felt that if Britain joined,

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In addition, Macmillan succeeded in having Eisenhower to agree to set up Anglo-American "working groups" to examine foreign policy problems and for what he called the "Declaration of Interdependence" (a title not used by the Americans who called it the "Declaration of Common Purpose"), which he

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later recalled that Macmillan's "Greeks in the Roman Empire" metaphor dated from this time (i.e., that as the US replaced Britain as the world's leading power, British politicians and diplomats should aim to guide her in the same way that Greek slaves and freedmen had advised powerful Romans).

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in 1963. Because Singapore with its ethnic Chinese majority was the largest and wealthiest city in the region, Macmillan was afraid that a federation of Malaya and Singapore together would result in a Chinese majority state, and insisted on including Sarawak and British North Borneo into the

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Macmillan made occasional political interventions in retirement. Responding to a remark made by Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson about not having boots in which to go to school, Macmillan retorted: 'If Mr Wilson did not have boots to go to school that is because he was too big for them.'

3798:

Through Macmillan had decided upon joining the EC in 1960, he waited until July 1961 to formally make the application, for he feared the reaction of the Conservative Party backbenchers, the farmers' lobby and the populist newspaper chain owned by the right-wing Canadian millionaire

2930:, who intended to suggest that Macmillan was trying set himself up as a "Superman" figure. It was intended as mockery but backfired, coming to be used in a neutral or friendly fashion. Weisz tried to label him with other names, including "Mac the Knife" at the time of widespread 1525:, later a Cabinet colleague; as such, he became secretary then junior treasurer (elected unopposed in March 1914, then an unusual occurrence) of the Union, and would in his biographers' view "almost certainly" have been president had the war not intervened. He obtained a First in 4259:. Asked who could lead such a coalition, he replied: "Mr Gladstone formed his last Government when he was eighty-three. I'm only eighty-two. You mustn't put temptation in my way." He discussed the idea with Eden, but the IMF loan saved the country and the Labour government. 2911:, wrote at the time: "Eden had no gift for leadership; under Macmillan as PM everything is better, Cabinet meetings are quite transformed". Many ministers found Macmillan to be more decisive and brisk than either Churchill or Eden had been. Another of Macmillan's ministers, 1841:, was another female friend, Macmillan publishing her husband's plays. Although she is said to have replaced Lady Dorothy in Macmillan's affections, there is disagreement over how intimate they became after the deaths of their respective spouses, and whether he proposed. 4722:

the aristocracy and a rebel Chancellor of Oxford. "He had style in abundance, (and) was a star on the world stage". Thorpe argues that despite his 1960 "Winds of Change" speech, he was largely pushed into rapid independence for African countries by Maudling and Macleod.

4677:

wrote that his "role as a poseur was itself a pose". Wilson also argued that behind the public nonchalance lay a real professional. Fisher also wrote that he "had a talent for pursuing progressive policies but presenting them tactfully in a Conservative tone of voice".

4582:

solely or even pre-eminently responsible for that. But we cannot but record with frustration the fact that the vigorous and perceptive attacker of the status quo in the 1930s became its emblem for a time in the late 1950s before returning to be its critic in the 1980s.

3977:

in a controversial move; it was alleged that Macmillan had pulled strings and utilised the party's grandees, nicknamed 'The Magic Circle', who had slanted their "soundings" of opinion among MPs and Cabinet Ministers to ensure that Butler was (once again) not chosen.

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strongly objected to the new federation. On 8 December 1962, Indonesia sponsored a rebellion in the British protectorate of Brunei, leading to Macmillan to dispatch Gurkhas to put down the rebellion against the sultan. In January 1963 Sukarno started a policy of

3487:

Macmillan was a supporter of the nuclear test ban treaty of 1963, and in the first half of 1963 he had Ormsby-Gore quietly apply pressure on Kennedy to resume the talks in the spring of 1963 when negotiations became stalled. Feeling that the Secretary of State,

1340:, marked by low unemployment and high—if uneven—growth. In his speech of July 1957 he told the nation it had 'never had it so good', but warned of the dangers of inflation, summing up the fragile prosperity of the 1950s. He led the Conservatives to success in 11359:

Merk, Dorothea, and Rüdiger Ahrens. "'Suspicious Federal Chancellor' Versus 'Weak Prime Minister': Konrad Adenauer and Harold Macmillan in the British and West German Quality Press during the Berlin Crisis (1958 to 1962). A Critical Discourse Analysis", in

4707:"nothing short of a shambles", while his achievements in foreign policy made little difference to the lives of the public. By the time he left office, largely unlamented at the time, he was associated not with prosperity but with "anachronism and decay". 1388:, which to cultural conservatives and supporters of opposing parties alike seemed to symbolise moral decay of the British establishment. Following his resignation, Macmillan lived out a long retirement as an elder statesman, being an active member of the 2885:

From the start of his premiership, Macmillan set out to portray an image of calm and style, in contrast to his excitable predecessor. He silenced the klaxon on the Prime Ministerial car, which Eden had used frequently. He advertised his love of reading

2646:

Macmillan threatened to resign if force was not used against Nasser. He was heavily involved in the secret planning of the invasion with France and Israel. It was he who first suggested collusion with Israel. On 5 August 1956 Macmillan met Churchill at

2506:

A major theme of his tenure at Defence was the ministry's growing reliance on the nuclear deterrent, in the view of some critics, to the detriment of conventional forces. The Defence White Paper of February 1955, announcing the decision to produce the

4128:

Macmillan's biographer acknowledges that his memoirs were considered "heavy going". Reading these volumes was said by Macmillan's political enemy Enoch Powell to induce 'a sensation akin to that of chewing on cardboard'. Butler wrote in his review of

1465:, but his time there (1906–10) was blighted by recurrent illness, starting with a near-fatal attack of pneumonia in his first half (term); he missed his final year after being invalided out, and was taught at home by private tutors (1910–11), notably 3936:

Macmillan had a meeting with Butler on 11 September and was careful to keep his options open (retire now, retire in the New Year, or fight the next election). He talked the matter over with his son Maurice and other senior ministers. Over lunch with

3953:, he in fact knew it was benign before the operation. Macmillan was almost ready to leave hospital within ten days of the diagnosis and could easily have carried on, in the opinion of his doctor Sir John Richardson. His illness gave him a way out. 1375:

undermined the Anglo-American strategic relationship, he sought a more active role for Britain in Europe, but his unwillingness to disclose United States nuclear secrets to France contributed to a French veto of the United Kingdom's entry into the

4497:, said: "In the last 48 hours he was very weak but entirely reasonable and intelligent. His last words were, 'I think I will go to sleep now'." His lifespan of 92 years and 322 days was the longest of any British prime minister until surpassed by 4404:

As Chancellor of Oxford University, Macmillan condemned its refusal in February 1985 to award Thatcher an honorary degree. He noted that the decision represented a break with tradition, and predicted that the snub would rebound on the university.

1954:

he was looking for a "1931 in reverse", i.e. a Labour-dominated coalition in which some Conservatives would serve, the reverse of the Conservative-dominated coalition which had governed Britain since 1931. He supported the independent candidate,

2711:

opposed Eden's trip to Jamaica and told Butler (15 December, the day after Eden's return) that younger members of the Cabinet wanted Eden out. Macmillan argued at Cabinet on 4 January that Suez should be regarded as a "strategic retreat" like

6886:'s divorce may have cost him promotion to the highest legal positions of Lord Chief Justice and Lord Chancellor, while Anthony Eden faced criticism for divorcing and remarrying, and talk that he was unfit to make ecclesiastical appointments. 3219:

Although scientists had warned of the dangers of such an accident for some time, the government blamed the workers who had put out the fire for 'an error of judgement', rather than the political pressure for fast-tracking the megaton bomb.

1637:

park as a unit of Guardsmen was briefly refusing to reembark for France, although the incident was resolved peacefully. The incident prompted an inquiry from the War Office as to whether the Guards Reserve Battalion "could be relied on".

1866:. In 1927, four MPs, including Boothby and Macmillan, published a short book advocating radical measures. In 1928, Macmillan was described by his political hero, and now Parliamentary colleague, David Lloyd George, as a "born rebel". 1563:, where the casualty rate was high, including the probability of an "early violent death". He served with distinction and was wounded on three occasions. Shot in the right hand and receiving a glancing bullet wound to the head in the 3238:. Subsequently released files show that 'Macmillan's cuts were few and covered up few technical details', and that even the full report found no danger to public health, but later official estimates acknowledged that the release of 2546:

Nothing he can say can do very much good and almost anything he may say may do a great deal of harm. Anything he says that is not obvious is dangerous; whatever is not trite is risky. He is forever poised between the cliché and the

3710:("gobble Malaysia raw") and on the same day a mob burned down the British embassy in Jakarta. The result was the Indonesian Confrontation, an undeclared war between Britain vs. Indonesia that began in 1963 and continued to 1966. 3557:, the British authorities tried to protect the Kikuyu population from the Mau Mau guerrillas (who called themselves the "Land and Freedom Army") by interning the Kikuyu in camps. A scandal erupted when the guards at the Hola camp 4700:

conjuror", famous for Premium Bonds, Beeching's cuts to the railways, and the Profumo Scandal. He is also remembered for "stop-go" economics. In the 1980s the aged Macmillan was seen as "a revered but slightly pathetic figure".

3986:

Some few will be content with the success they have had in the assassination of their leader and will not care very much who the successor is. ... They are a band that in the end does not amount to more than 15 or 20 at the

4713:

writes that by the early 1960s Macmillan was seen as "the epitome of all that was wrong with anachronistic Britain. This was an unfair charge." "The essence of his persona was as elusive as mercury." He was not a member of

2619:, Macmillan was 'first in, first out': first very supportive of the invasion, then a prime mover in Britain's humiliating withdrawal in the wake of the financial crisis caused by pressure from the US government. Since the 4040:

In retirement Macmillan took up the chairmanship of his family's publishing house, Macmillan Publishers, from 1964 to 1974. The publishing firm remained in family hands until a majority share was purchased in 1995 by the

2592:, announced in his budget of 17 April 1956. Although the Labour Opposition initially decried them as a 'squalid raffle', they proved an immediate hit with the public, with £1,000 won in the first prize draw in June 1957. 1764:

suggests that Macmillan's humiliation was first a major cause of his odd and rebellious behaviour in the 1930s then, in subsequent decades, made him a harder and more ruthless politician than his rivals Eden and Butler.

7004: 16186: 3308:) could win a general election again. The standard of living had risen enough that workers could participate in a consumer economy, shifting the working class concerns away from traditional Labour Party views. 18854: 3981:

He finally resigned, receiving the Queen from his hospital bed, on 18 October 1963, after nearly seven years as prime minister. He felt privately that he was being hounded from office by a backbench minority:

3571:

as Colonial Secretary. Macleod greatly accelerated decolonisation and by the time he was moved to Conservative Party chairman and Leader of the Commons in 1961 he had made the decision to give independence to

4509:

said: "The American people share in the loss of a voice of wisdom and humanity who, with eloquence and gentle wit, brought to the problems of today the experience of a long life of public service." Outlawed

4552:, Horsted Keynes, West Sussex, where he had regularly worshipped and read the lesson. Two hundred mourners attended, including 64 members of the Macmillan family, Thatcher and former premiers Lord Home and 2702:

succeeded in false-footing Rab. The sheer devilry of it verged upon the disgusting." He expounded on his metaphor that henceforth the British must aim to be "Greeks in the Roman Empire", and according to

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charge that Macmillan deliberately played false over Suez (i.e. encouraged Eden to attack in order to destroy him as prime minister), noting that Macmillan privately put the chances of success at 51–49.

4447:

When I ventured the other day to criticise the system I was, I am afraid, misunderstood. As a Conservative, I am naturally in favour of returning into private ownership and private management all those

2639:

to commence plans for invading Egypt, regaining the canal, and toppling Nasser. Macmillan wrote in his diary: "If Nasser 'gets away with it', we are done for. The whole Arab world will despise us ...

7408:"Harold MacMillan only just survived a plane crash in N Africa 80 years ago today, in 1943. He would be the only British Prime Minister who was badly wounded in both the First and Second World Wars" 1943:

In 1936, Macmillan proposed the creation of a cross-party forum of antifascists to create democratic unity but his ideas were rejected by the leadership of both the Labour and Conservative parties.

4365:

With hereditary peerages again being created under Thatcher, Macmillan requested the earldom that had been customarily bestowed to departing prime ministers, and on 24 February 1984 he was created

2907:

was later appointed (Minister for Colonial Affairs from 1963 to 1964 among other positions) he described his uncle's behaviour as "the greatest act of nepotism ever". Macmillan's Defence Minister,

4341:. On his advice she excluded the Treasury from this body. Having first inquired whether Argentina was known to have atomic weapons, Macmillan's advice was to appoint a senior military advisor, as 2474:

to do in 1911. In July 1953 Macmillan considered postponing his gall bladder operation in case Churchill, who had just suffered a serious stroke while Eden was also in hospital, had to step down.

2100:

Macmillan predicted that the Conservatives faced landslide defeat after the war, causing Channon to write (6 Sep 1944) of "the foolish prophecy of that nice ass Harold Macmillan". In October 1942

1506:

Macmillan went up to Balliol College in 1912, where he joined many political societies. His political opinions at this stage were an eclectic mix of moderate conservatism, moderate liberalism and

16241: 16216: 1862:. The campaign cost him about £200-£300 out of his own pocket; at that time candidates were often expected to fund their own election campaigns. The collapse in the Liberal vote let him win in 1602:. His hip wound took four years to heal completely, and he was left with a slight shuffle to his walk and a limp grip in his right hand from his previous wound, which affected his handwriting. 1983:

to Nazi Germany. His last speech from the backbenches was to attack the government for not doing enough to help Finland. Britain was saved from a potentially embarrassing commitment when the

2243:

for the rest of the war. He was appointed UK High Commissioner for the Advisory Council for Italy late in 1943. He visited London in October 1943 and again clashed with Eden. Eden appointed

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as his ambassador in Washington as he was a long-time friend of the Kennedy family, whom he had known since the 1930s when Kennedy's father had served as the American ambassador in London.

6132: 1963:. He wrote a pamphlet "The Price of Peace" calling for alliance between Britain, France and the USSR, but expecting Poland to make territorial "accommodation" to Germany (i.e. give up the 13036: 6196: 4452:

and distribution which are now controlled by state capitalism. I am sure they will be more efficient. What I ventured to question was the using of these huge sums as if they were income.

4032:

QC, the vice-chancellor, Macmillan "would talk late into the night with eager groups of students who were often startled by the radical views he put forward, well into his last decade."

2565:

in December 1955. He had enjoyed his eight months as Foreign Secretary and did not wish to move. He insisted on being "undisputed head of the home front" and that Eden's de facto deputy

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His political standing destroyed, Eden resigned on grounds of ill health on 9 January 1957. At that time the Conservative Party had no formal mechanism for selecting a new leader, and

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described him as the "unprepossessing, bookish, eccentric member for Stockton-on-Tees" and recorded (8 July 1936) that he had been sent a "frigid note" by Conservative Prime Minister

2444:) he now, as MP for a safe seat, adopted a somewhat more right-wing public persona, defending private enterprise and fiercely opposing the Labour government in the House of Commons. 18784: 17475: 16015: 10409: 8139:(2010, p. 270) lists it as happening on 20 November, a date repeated in Michael Jago's 2015 biography of Rab Butler. Macmillan's other recent biographer D. R. Thorpe gives it as 24 2259:

as Ambassador to Italy to reduce Macmillan's influence. In May 1944 Macmillan infuriated Eden by demanding an early peace treaty with Italy (at that time a pro-Allied regime under

1885:'s promises of radical measures to reduce unemployment. Instead, the resignation of the new candidate at Stockton allowed Macmillan to be re-selected there, and he returned to the 16181: 16108: 8427: 18779: 16113: 12338: 4673: 9604: 8692:

Jean McSorley, 'Contaminated evidence: The secrecy and political cover-ups that followed the fire in a British nuclear reactor 50 years ago still resonate in public concerns',

4534:

affirmed: "His own leadership in providing from Britain a worthy response to African national consciousness shaped the post-war era and made the modern Commonwealth possible."

2694:(Conservative backbenchers) with Macmillan. After Butler's downbeat remarks, ten minutes or so in length, Macmillan delivered a stirring thirty-five minute speech described by 18839: 16206: 15756: 3191:

in the area of nuclear weapons research. Macmillan believed that one way to encourage such co-operation would be for the United Kingdom to speed up the development of its own

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was eased to facilitate nuclear co-operation between the two governments, initially with a view to producing cleaner weapons and reducing the need for duplicate testing. The

2643:

and our friends will fall. It may well be the end of British influence and strength forever. So, in the last resort, we must use force and defy opinion, here and overseas".

1257:

Macmillan was seriously injured as an infantry officer during the First World War. He suffered pain and partial immobility for the rest of his life. After the war he joined

8143:, presumably an error as the footnote refers to Eisenhower's papers for November 1956, while in his biography of Anthony Eden (2003, p. 539) Thorpe gives it as 24 November. 16156: 13106: 2919:, who were his favourite advisers. Many cabinet ministers often complained that Macmillan took the advice of his private secretaries more seriously than he did their own. 9278: 18834: 18769: 18739: 14924: 13477: 4478:

acting lame again and fetching his stick when he remembered his "act". However, in genuine old age he became almost blind, causing him to need sticks and a helping arm.

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made it appear that Macmillan had lost control of his government and of events in general. In the ensuing Parliamentary debate he was seen as a pathetic figure, while

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Concerned that public confidence in the nuclear programme might be shaken and that technical information might be misused by opponents of defence co-operation in the

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on 8 November 1985, was on the subject of the sale of assets commonplace among individuals or states when they encountered financial difficulties: 'First of all the

2322:

the previous autumn. In 1947 the US would take over Britain's role as "protector" of Greece and Turkey, to keep the Soviets out of the Mediterranean, the so-called "

9535: 3366:

said of Macmillan's dismissals, "greater love hath no man than this, than to lay down his friends for his life". Macmillan was openly criticised by his predecessor

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Macmillan burned his diary for the climax of the Suez Affair, supposedly at Eden's request, although in Campbell's view more likely to protect his own reputation.

2503:: 'He gave the impression that his own undoubted capacity for imaginative running of his own show melted way when an august superior was breathing down his neck.' 1163: 10511: 7890: 3806:

Macmillan also saw the value of rapprochement with the EC, to which his government sought belated entry, but Britain's application was vetoed by French president

2092:

should be the principle of partnership between the various elements composing it. Out of partnership comes understanding and friendship. Within the fabric of the

17210: 16362: 16357: 16321: 8819: 4753: 3257:, which had been stationed under joint control since 1948 and were approaching obsolescence. Partly as a consequence of this favour, in late October 1957 the US 2287:, now Supreme Commander, Mediterranean. On 10 November 1944 he was appointed Acting President of the Allied Commission (the Supreme Commander being President). 527: 10485: 2470:

a future leadership contest he might emerge in a dead heat between Eden and Butler, as the young Beaverbrook (Max Aitken as he had been at the time) had helped

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and her characterisation of striking miners as 'the enemy within'. He received an unprecedented standing ovation for his oration, which included the words:

2084:. Macmillan was given responsibility for increasing colonial production and trade, and signalled the future policy direction when in June 1942 he declared: 16497: 12453: 12425: 10440: 10017: 2659:

that whatever the British government did should wait until after the US presidential election on 6 November, and failed to report Dulles' remarks to Eden.

1443: 4400:. We used to have battles and rows but they were quarrels. Now there is a new kind of wicked hatred that has been brought in by different types of people. 4028:, and held this office for the rest of his life, frequently presiding over college events, making speeches and tirelessly raising funds. According to Sir 3500:

representing the United Kingdom. Through Lord Hailsham's role was largely that of an observer, the talks between Harriman and the Soviet foreign minister

3347:

on 11 July 1962 that a major reshuffle was imminent. Macmillan feared for his own position and later (1 August) claimed to Lloyd that Butler, who sat for

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in 1976. In October of that year he called for 'a Government of National Unity' including all parties, which could command the public support to resolve

9449: 3003:. Hearing evidence in the winter of 1957 and reporting in January 1958, this inquiry exonerated all involved in what some journalists perceived to be a 1936:

appeared in June 1938, advocating a broadly centrist political philosophy both domestically and internationally. Macmillan took control of the magazine

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noted the feelings of the Tory backbenchers: "They feel that Winston is too old and Anthony (Eden) too weak. They want Harold Macmillan to lead them."

1583:) in September 1916, he was severely wounded, and lay for over twelve hours in a shell hole, sometimes feigning death when Germans passed, and reading 10533: 4215:

in 1977 and would often stay at the club when he had to stay in London overnight. Within a few months of becoming President he merged the Carlton and

18804: 14813: 11475: 2427:– in pressing for greater European integration as a bulwark against Soviet totalitarianism and to prevent a recurrence of the horrors of Nazi rule. 2263:

held some power in the southern, liberated, part of Italy), a move which Churchill favoured. In June 1944 he argued for a British-led thrust up the

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Britain's failure to enter the European community 1961–63: the enlargement negotiations and crises in European, Atlantic and Commonwealth relations

5212: 2727: 2081: 1772: 1269:. Losing his seat in 1929, he regained it in 1931, soon after which he spoke out against the high rate of unemployment in Stockton. He opposed the 3713:

The speedy transfer of power maintained the goodwill of the new nations but critics contended it was premature. In justification Macmillan quoted

1881:

cancelled his retirement plans, in part because of his own association with the anti-Baldwin rebels and his suspicion of Macmillan's sympathy for

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Betts, Lewis David (3 April 2018). "Harold Macmillan and appeasement: implications for the future study of Macmillan as a foreign policy actor".

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for military purposes. As a result, safety margins for radioactive materials inside the Windscale reactor were eroded. This contributed to the

2681: 2538:

in April–December 1955 in the government of Anthony Eden, who had taken over as prime minister from the retiring Churchill. Returning from the

18814: 10142: 8450: 3854:

By the early 1960s, many were starting to find Macmillan's courtly and urbane Edwardian manners anachronistic, and satirical journals such as

3362:, Macmillan sacked eight Ministers, including Selwyn Lloyd. The Cabinet changes were widely seen as a sign of panic, and the young Liberal MP 17083: 16913: 16869: 15326: 14595: 13681: 12351: 12272: 12093: 11821: 11774: 11638: 11604: 10431: 9594: 6018: 5964: 5821: 5762: 5674: 5642: 5583: 5412: 5407: 5289: 5265: 3942: 3828: 3553:

Macmillan felt that if the costs of holding onto a particular territory outweighed the benefits then it should be dispensed with. During the

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from 1940. Channon commented (29 May 1940) that there was "some amusement over Harold Macmillan's so obvious enjoyment of his new position".

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Seidman, Michael. Transatlantic Antifascisms: From the Spanish Civil War to the End of World War II. Cambridge University Press, 2017, p. 89

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policies to develop the domestic market as the engine of growth. Benefiting from favourable international conditions, he presided over an

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at the time makes clear that Macmillan was very much thinking of the succession. As early as January 1956 he told Eden's press secretary

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was appointed Secretary of State in November 1942, as he would no longer be the spokesman in the Commons as he had been under Cranborne.

1956: 1730: 1278: 7940: 3962:

opinion, rather than just the Cabinet as in 1957, and efforts would be made to sample opinion amongst peers and constituency activists.

1575:

from January to March 1916, until his hand had healed. He then returned to the front lines in France. Leading an advance platoon in the

1413:, London, to Maurice Crawford Macmillan, a publisher, and the former Helen (Nellie) Artie Tarleton Belles, an artist and socialite from 18894: 18744: 18449: 17114: 17064: 16844: 16196: 15116: 14167: 14137: 14057: 14047: 14037: 13761: 13601: 13405: 12989: 12641: 12627: 12070: 11703: 8411: 5996: 5794: 5615: 5438: 5229: 3284:

in the United States as Macmillan wrote in his diary: "The Russian success in launching the satellite has been something equivalent to

3188: 2357:

in 1945. The deportations and Macmillan's involvement later became a source of controversy because of the harsh treatment meted out to

1273:

of Germany practised by the Conservative government. He rose to high office during the Second World War as a protégé of Prime Minister

4375:. He is the last non-royal recipient of a hereditary peerage. He took the title from his former parliamentary seat on the edge of the 3949:

Macmillan was operated on at 11.30 am on 10 October. Although it is sometimes stated that he believed himself to have inoperable

1913:

Macmillan resigned the government whip (but not the Conservative party one) in protest at the lifting of sanctions on Italy after her

18939: 18759: 16888: 16221: 15039: 14665: 14488: 14012: 13395: 12397: 12144: 12040: 11792: 11747: 11737: 11688: 11150: 6165:, p. 2. "It is, of course the responsibility of the British Railways Board so to shape and operate the railways as to make them pay." 5883: 5710: 5524: 5295: 5008: 4494: 3442: 2963:

and seen as their intellectual ringleader—resigned. D. R. Thorpe argues that this, coming after the resignations of Labour ministers

2904: 2062: 1738: 1726: 1710: 751: 704: 574: 4696:, his official biographer, concedes that after his re-election in 1959 Macmillan's premiership suffered a series of major setbacks. 4012:, which the Conservatives narrowly lost to Labour, now led by Harold Wilson. His service in the House of Commons totalled 37 years. 3747:

in April 1960 over concerns about its vulnerability to a pre-emptive attack, but continued with the development of the air-launched

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with the United States from the wreckage of the 1956 Suez Crisis (of which he had been one of the architects), and facilitated the

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Betts, Lewis David. "Harold Macmillan and appeasement: implications for the future study of Macmillan as a foreign policy actor."

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of that year he made headlines by declaring: 'There ain't gonna be no war.' Of the role of Foreign Secretary Macmillan observed:

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into Central Europe (Operation "Armpit") instead of the planned diversion of US and Free French forces to the South of France (

2070: 1605:

Macmillan saw himself as both a "gownsman" and a "swordsman" and would later display open contempt for other politicians (e.g.

1519: 1360: 1337: 867: 6640: 4573:. Thatcher said: "In his retirement Harold Macmillan occupied a unique place in the nation's affections", while Labour leader 3441:

with the United States continued after the election of President John F. Kennedy, whose sister Kathleen Cavendish had married

3015:

During his time as prime minister, average living standards steadily rose while numerous social reforms were carried out. The

2903:

Macmillan filled government posts with 35 Old Etonians, seven of them in Cabinet. He was also devoted to family members: when

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to complete his degree, saying the university would never be the same; in later years he joked that he had been "sent down by

1598:

Macmillan spent the final two years of the war in hospital undergoing a series of operations. He was still on crutches at the

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in the party, whose theories Thatcher supported. In a celebrated speech he wondered aloud where such theories had come from:

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Macmillan saw an opportunity to increase British influence over the United States with the launching of the Soviet satellite

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directors with senior positions in private firms – took advantage of advance knowledge of the rate change in what resembled

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bore no grudge against Thorneycroft and brought him and Powell, of whom he was more wary, back into the government in 1960.

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Of the scholars and exhibitioners of his year, only he and one other survived the war. As a result, he refused to return to

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September 1957 – Lord Hailsham succeeds Lord Home as Lord President, Home remaining Commonwealth Relations Secretary.

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Government Versus the Market: Growth of the Public Sector, Economic Management and British Economic Performance, 1890–1979

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Macmillan initially refused a peerage and retired from politics in September 1964, standing down at the following month's

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rift with the United States, where his wartime friendship with Eisenhower was key; the two had a productive conference in

1499:, whom he later described as having "intellectual sincerity and moral nobility", and particularly of Asquith's successor, 18884: 17300: 16855: 16702: 16352: 16128: 15832: 15553: 15311: 15306: 15296: 15131: 14551: 14287: 13952: 13503: 13251: 13226: 12292: 11720: 9557: 9531: 6338: 6014: 5812: 5633: 5456: 5256: 4549: 4542: 4466: 4298:(his biographer, and himself a Conservative MP): "Ted was a very good No2 {pause} not a leader {pause}. Now, you have a 3262: 2960: 2074: 1999: 979: 634: 622: 8873: 4594:. Macmillan's estate was assessed for probate on 1 June 1987, with a value of £51,114 (equivalent to £181,601 in 2023). 4443:

Macmillan's speech was much commented on, and a few days later he made a speech in the House of Lords, referring to it:

2987:, which had been kept low since the 1930s, was hiked in September 1958. The change in bank rate prompted rumours in the 2392:, 'much of which was taken up in electioneering', there being 'nothing much to be done in the way of forward planning'. 18809: 18394: 18369: 17272: 16564: 16336: 16103: 15896: 15827: 15301: 15261: 14700: 14112: 14097: 13987: 13982: 13967: 13551: 13451: 13241: 13231: 11988: 10507: 7887: 6826: 4384: 2956: 2295: 1818: 1807:

an unhappy life, which was blighted by a drinking problem, and died aged only 40, her father outliving her by 16 years.

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refers to "inevitable rumours" and that "he left for the 'usual reasons' for boys to be expelled from public schools".

1356: 890: 11365: 8813: 3600:). Macmillan embarked on his "Wind of Change" tour of Africa, starting in Ghana on 6 January 1960. He made the famous 1106: 18595: 18399: 18389: 18384: 17372: 17182: 16944: 16622: 16301: 16291: 16146: 16098: 16052: 15345: 14959: 14725: 14007: 13324: 13166: 12432: 11543: 11510: 11415: 11394: 11354: 11264: 11183: 11094: 10906: 10825: 10477: 9987: 8494: 8460: 8421: 6911: 6599: 6093: 6089: 5910: 5896: 5892: 5723: 5719: 5656: 5542: 5537: 5470: 5371: 5317: 5280: 5271: 4183: 4170: 4148: 4122: 4109: 4096: 4083: 4070: 4057: 3035:; the introduction of a graduated pension scheme to provide an additional income to retirees, the establishment of a 2968: 2912: 2358: 2065:

in 1942, in his own words "leaving a madhouse to enter a mausoleum". Though a junior minister he was a member of the

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and anti-partisans by the receiving countries, and because in the confusion V Corps went beyond the terms agreed at

1417:. He had two brothers, Daniel, eight years his senior, and Arthur, four years his senior. His paternal grandfather, 18454: 18379: 17344: 16930: 16527: 16426: 16256: 15975: 15857: 15841: 15435: 14884: 14799: 14272: 14217: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13206: 11664: 11587: 8590: 6080: 6045: 5848: 5669: 5501: 5483: 3843: 3510: 2842: 2318:

was negotiated in January 1945, enabling a pro-British regime to remain in power, as Churchill had demanded in the

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March 1957 – Lord Home succeeds Lord Salisbury as Lord President, remaining Commonwealth Relations Secretary.

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became Conservative leader in February 1975. After she ended Labour's five-year rule and became prime minister in

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course, informally known as 'Classics'), in 1914. With his final exams over two years away, he enjoyed an idyllic

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Foster, Howard (6 January 1987), "'I think I will go to sleep now.' Funeral of former premier Harold Macmillan",

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Macmillan was a member of many clubs. On his first evening as prime minister he made a public show of taking the

3788: 3505: 3359: 2931: 2207: 1886: 1576: 1368: 10556:"Britain's Harold Macmillan to Meet with President Eisenhower the Day After Visiting DePauw – DePauw University" 3751:, which was about to enter trials. For the replacement for Blue Steel he opted for Britain to join the American 18874: 18444: 16517: 16151: 16141: 15912: 15449: 14640: 14615: 14518: 14202: 14087: 14072: 13716: 13519: 12648: 12606: 12063: 11828: 11730: 11406: 10125: 10067: 9784:

Fletcher, Martin (31 December 1986), "'World pays tribute to Stockton – Death of former Conservative premier",

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Macmillan still travelled widely, visiting China in October 1979, where he held talks with senior Vice-Premier

3381:(TUC) boycotting it. A further series of subtle indicators and controls was introduced during his premiership. 2623:, relations between Britain and Egypt had deteriorated. The Egyptian government, which came to be dominated by 2494: 1681:, there have long been rumours that Macmillan was expelled from Eton for homosexuality. Macmillan's biographer 1223: 1191: 562: 49: 4669:

wrote to Macmillan that his reputation would endure as, like Churchill, he was "psychologically interesting".

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of 1951 the Americans believed the British government was full of Soviet spies and thus could not be trusted.

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as "one of the most horrible things that I remember in politics ... (Macmillan) with all the skill of the old

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Fletcher, Martin (31 December 1986), "World pays tribute to Stockton. Death of former Conservative premier",

8644:'Windscale: Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster', broadcast on Monday, 8 October 2007, at 2100 BST on BBC Two. 5968: 5766: 5587: 5403: 5216: 4861: 3930: 3926: 3819:

Macmillan's previous attempt to create an agreement at the May 1960 summit in Paris had collapsed due to the

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weapons with such destructive power being used against British cities, and this led to the foundation of the

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from October 1954, but found his authority restricted by Churchill's personal involvement. In the opinion of

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is of the view that he was removed by his mother when she discovered that he was being "used" by older boys.

1599: 1595:, eldest son of the prime minister, was a brother officer in Macmillan's regiment and was killed that month. 10356:

Memorial service for Harold Macmillan, First Earl of Stockton, O.M., P.C.: Tuesday 10 February 1987 12, noon

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of 1963 permanently damaged the credibility of Macmillan's government. The revelation of the affair between

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to send troops to defend Malaysia. On 25 September 1963, Sukarno announced in a speech that Indonesia would

3666:. South Africa left the multiracial Commonwealth in 1961 and Macmillan acquiesced to the dissolution of the 18515: 18166: 17354: 16811: 16552: 16486: 16331: 16271: 15019: 10525: 4354: 4042: 3678: 3231: 3036: 2389: 1216: 668: 45: 3767:, Scotland, as a replacement for Thor. When Skybolt was unilaterally cancelled by US Secretary of Defense 2384:

Macmillan returned to England after the European war, feeling himself 'almost a stranger at home'. He was

1975:

Macmillan visited Finland in February 1940, then the subject of great sympathy in Britain as it was being

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in the face of high regional unemployment. He almost became Conservative candidate for the safe seat of

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Torreggiani, Valerio. "The Making of Harold Macmillan's Third Way in Interwar Britain (1924–1935)", in

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January 1958 – Derick Heathcoat Amory succeeds Peter Thorneycroft as Chancellor of the Exchequer.

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sent his condolences: 'As South Africans we shall always remember him for his efforts to encourage the

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development, notwithstanding unease expressed at the time about the impetus co-operation might give to

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Grant, Matthew. "Historians, the Penguin Specials and the 'State-of-the-Nation' Literature, 1958–64."

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sent a wreath "in admiring memory". He was buried beside his wife and next to his parents and his son

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Since Macmillan's death, his diaries for the 1950s and 1960s have also been published, both edited by

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may have led directly to 25 to 50 deaths, and anti-nuclear groups linked it to 1,000 fatal cancers.

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On the evening of 22 November 1956 Butler, who had just announced British withdrawal, addressed the

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The Next Five Years Group, to which Macmillan had belonged, was wound up in November 1937. His book

1529:, informally known as 'Mods' (consisting of Latin and Greek, the first half of the four-year Oxford 16276: 16211: 16037: 15959: 15822: 14939: 14770: 13445: 13435: 13425: 13191: 12739: 12508: 12494: 12474: 12360: 12161: 11677: 11234: 8121: 6552: 5950: 5878: 5705: 5519: 5332: 4681: 4648: 3663: 3093:

and led to an agreement in principle to stop nuclear tests and to hold a further summit meeting of

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recorded Macmillan as predicting "extreme socialism" after the war. Macmillan nearly resigned when

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Subritzy, John (1999). "Macmillan and East of Suez: the Case of Malaysia". In Lee, Richard (ed.).

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Macmillan had often play-acted being an old man long before real old age set in. As early as 1948

2037:. He travelled up and down the country to co-ordinate production, working with some success under 1355:

of Africa. Reconfiguring the nation's defences to meet the realities of the nuclear age, he ended

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Macmillan visited Greece on 11 December 1944. As the Germans had withdrawn, British troops under

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1968 – Britain's Harold Macmillan Makes Return Visit to DePauw, Calls for New Rapprochement

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Thorpe 2010, p. 95. Thorpe points out that divorce still caused muttering as late as the 1950s.

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The House of Commons paid its tribute on 12 January 1987, with much reference made to his book

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attended the presentation of the budget, and attributes his political ambitions to this event.

2338: 2015: 1706: 1702: 1617:) who, often through no fault of their own, had not seen military service in either World War. 1364: 1002: 11554: 10555: 7937: 3355:, had been planning to split the party over EC entry (there is no evidence that this was so). 1251: 18708: 18294: 18279: 18221: 17893: 17888: 17808: 17733: 17643: 17543: 17037: 16605: 16568: 16236: 16201: 15271: 14468: 14262: 13201: 13021: 12264: 11943: 11911: 11473:

Annotated Bibliography for Harold Macmillan from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues

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go.' Profitable parts of the steel industry and the railways had been privatised, along with

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Macmillan toyed with an offer to succeed Duff Cooper as MP for the safe Conservative seat of

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Harold and Jack: The Remarkable Friendship of Prime Minister Macmillan and President Kennedy

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Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown

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Harold and Jack: The Remarkable Friendship of Prime Minister Macmillan and President Kennedy

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to negotiate the Test Ban Treaty, a sign that he was grooming him as a potential successor.

3104:

and the spread of Soviet influence, Macmillan acted decisively to restore the confidence of

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Wright, Oliver (1999). "Macmillan: A View from the Foreign Office". In Lee, Richard (ed.).

10526:"Honoree: Search Awards: University Honors & Awards: Indiana University" 8952: 7411: 6331:"PM Harold Macmillan – Wind of Change Speech at the Cape Town Parliament – 3 February 1960" 5510: 4655: 4256: 3895: 3784: 3748: 3722:

wait for liberty until they become wise and good in slavery, they may indeed wait for ever.

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in 1963. All remained within the Commonwealth except British Somaliland, which merged with

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backed by Belgium and the Western mining companies, which he claimed would destabilise the

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on 19 November 1914. Promoted to lieutenant on 30 January 1915, he soon transferred to the

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Thorpe 2010, pp. 352–53 Eisenhower said these words in a meeting with Treasury Secretary

7407: 7015:(Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, January 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2011. 6050: 6010: 5817: 5638: 5555: 5506: 5328: 4449: 4216: 3795:'-now under French, but later bound to come under German control?...It's a grim choice". 3771:, Macmillan negotiated with President Kennedy the purchase of Polaris missiles under the 3636: 3493: 3322: 3109: 2311: 2294:

had deployed to Athens, but there were concerns that the pro-communist Greek resistance,

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in 1961 and, amongst other factors, this caused the government to lose popularity and a

1967:). In "Economic Aspects of Defence", early in 1939, he called for a Ministry of Supply. 18653: 18309: 17798: 17778: 17723: 17713: 17698: 17608: 17588: 17518: 17508: 16546: 16088: 15492: 15375: 15146: 14889: 14650: 14630: 14187: 13756: 13676: 13661: 13651: 13385: 13373: 13363: 13335: 13091: 12753: 12225: 11884: 11710: 11382: 11256: 11015: 10991: 10840: 10766:"Harold Macmillan and the "Golden Days" of Anglo-American Relations Revisited, 1957–63" 10459: 10436:"Maurice Harold Macmillan, First Earl of Stockton. 10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986" 10368: 10012: 9877: 8607: 8117: 7177: 6847: 6774: 6557: 6537: 6517: 6191: 6098: 6071: 5901: 5868: 5728: 5695: 5234: 4636: 4334: 3839: 3792: 3703: 3652: 3628: 3624: 3616: 3546: 3032: 3016: 2984: 2948: 2923: 2821: 2723: 2716: 2656: 2635:

by Nasser on 26 July 1956 prompted the British government and the French government of

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Macmillan (top row, left) with Allied military leaders in the Sicilian campaign, 1943;

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June when it had looked as though the government might fall over the Profumo scandal.

2894:, and on the door of the Private Secretaries' room at Number Ten he hung a quote from 1838: 18575: 18485: 18076: 18061: 18051: 18031: 18026: 17943: 17928: 17903: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17868: 17858: 17853: 17813: 17803: 17668: 17638: 17583: 17134: 17056: 16907: 16788: 16674: 16649: 16326: 16246: 15701: 15645: 15579: 15529: 15286: 15221: 15206: 15196: 15181: 15111: 15097: 15029: 14690: 14590: 14570: 14464: 14309: 14252: 13992: 13957: 13947: 13933: 13771: 13701: 13581: 13571: 13556: 13410: 13086: 12879: 12844: 12823: 12809: 12676: 12662: 12126: 11962: 11433: 11411: 11350: 11335: 11321: 11292: 11260: 11242: 11211: 11179: 11160: 11112: 11090: 11071: 11040: 11021: 11000: 10972: 10950: 10944: 10926: 10902: 10879: 10873: 10847: 10821: 10800: 10784: 10183: 10121: 10063: 9983: 9713: 8611: 8490: 8456: 8417: 8328: 8131: 7181: 7169: 6907: 6851: 6822: 6595: 6001: 5983: 5808: 5799: 5647: 5620: 5461: 5399: 5364: 5261: 4923: 4715: 4703: 4684:

explores the image Macmillan crafted of himself for his colleagues and constituents:

4642: 4591: 4561: 4413: 4353:, performed this role). She had already received advice to exclude the Treasury from 4287: 4279: 4179: 4166: 4144: 4118: 4105: 4092: 4079: 4066: 4053: 4025: 3974: 3911: 3820: 3807: 3593: 3563: 3465: 3453: 3266: 3133: 3086: 2916: 2826: 2424: 2420: 2401: 2330: 2315: 2268: 2204: 2178: 1903: 1830: 1548: 1329: 1274: 1196: 1037: 610: 550: 498: 474: 443: 389: 335: 258: 182: 140: 9745:

Anthony Bevins, 'How Supermac Was "Hounded Out of Office" by Band of 20 Opponents',

9732:

the "soundings" and the accompanying political intrigues are discussed in detail in

6133:

Cultural depictions of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom § Harold Macmillan

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mercilessly mocked him as a doddering, clueless leader. Macmillan's handling of the

3226:, Macmillan withheld all but the summary of a report into the fire prepared for the 2477:

Macmillan achieved his housing target by the end of 1953, a year ahead of schedule.

1950:

at Berchtesgaden, but not his subsequent flights to Bad Godesberg and Munich. After

1547:

Volunteering as soon as war was declared, Macmillan was commissioned as a temporary

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on 3 February 1960. It is considered a landmark in the process of decolonisation.

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In his youth, he was an admirer of the policies and leadership of a succession of

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OCR A Level History B: The End of Consensus: Britain 1945–90 by Pearson Education

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succeeds Hailsham as Minister of Education. The Chief Secretary to the Treasury,

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was passed during his time as Chancellor; his premiership saw the passage of the

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and made sure it published political tracts rather than purely theoretical work.

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War Diaries: Politics and War in the Mediterranean, January 1943 – May 1945

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John Gray, 'Accident disclosures bring calls for review of U.K. secrecy laws',

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Macmillan was scheduled to visit the United States in April 1961, but with the

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for the orphaned children of divorced parents, and a reduction in the standard

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that it would be "interesting to see how long Anthony can stay in the saddle".

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In 1929, Lady Dorothy began a lifelong affair with the Conservative politician

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Thatcher's Britain : the Politics and Social Upheaval of the Thatcher Era

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Besides foreign affairs, the economy was Macmillan's other prime concern. His

2419:

He was a member of the British delegation to the Consultative Assembly of the

18718: 18585: 18284: 18269: 18259: 18254: 18191: 18151: 18136: 18106: 18036: 18021: 17958: 17753: 17728: 17703: 17678: 16988: 16316: 15749: 15725: 15689: 15543: 15520: 15497: 15454: 15415: 15390: 15241: 15231: 15216: 14740: 14620: 14432: 14389: 14379: 14339: 13871: 13856: 13816: 13801: 13721: 13656: 13611: 13329: 13161: 13146: 13136: 13126: 13056: 13041: 13026: 12921: 12907: 12865: 12851: 12746: 12233: 11811: 7738: 7513: 7173: 6899:

Great Parliamentary Scandals: Four Centuries of Calumny, Smear & Innuendo

4506: 4409: 4376: 4346: 4338: 4326: 4317:? It is quite true, many of Your Lordships will remember it operating in the 4263: 3714: 3558: 3393: 3363: 3192: 3074:

Macmillan took close control of foreign policy. He worked to narrow the post-

2964: 2908: 2699: 2616: 2589: 2508: 2499: 2291: 2264: 2066: 1991: 1918: 1882: 1780: 1713:, who was leader of the Liberal Party in the 1870s, and a close colleague of 1678: 1614: 1588: 1496: 1447: 1430: 1406: 1317: 1313: 677: 413: 63: 11370:

Ovendale, Ritchie. "Macmillan and the wind of change in Africa, 1957–1960",

7516:, 'Macmillan and the Soviet Union', in Richard Aldous and Sabine Lee (eds), 4537: 3970:

later described this as the "biggest political misjudgement of her reign".

2999:. Political pressure mounted on the Government, and Macmillan agreed to the 1234:(10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British statesman and 18570: 18555: 18545: 18469: 18131: 18126: 17953: 17938: 17933: 17923: 17913: 17663: 17218: 16796: 15633: 15589: 15478: 15464: 15405: 15336: 15201: 15186: 14929: 14894: 14775: 14655: 14605: 14417: 14399: 14349: 14247: 14237: 14227: 14222: 14212: 13826: 13806: 13796: 13786: 13766: 13351: 13076: 12942: 12900: 12858: 12830: 12383: 12138: 11838: 11309: 11104: 10869: 10454: 10435: 10283: 9461: 7949: 6113: 6065: 6032: 5974: 5835: 5781: 5772: 5753: 5629: 5602: 5593: 5574: 5533: 5452: 5443: 5390: 5313: 5243: 5203: 4710: 4587: 4574: 4553: 4515: 4425: 4421: 4333:

Macmillan was one of several people who advised Thatcher to set up a small

4302:

leader. {long pause} Whether she's leading you in the right direction ..."

4295: 4212: 4201: 4133:: "Altogether this massive work will keep anybody busy for several weeks." 4001: 3883: 3632: 3568: 3389: 3367: 3326: 3246: 3239: 3113: 3105: 3101: 2927: 2770: 2695: 2680:) behind Butler's and Eden's back. Macmillan had a number of meetings with 2677: 2652: 2640: 2570: 2519: 2423:

from 1949 to 1951, and played a prominent role – as a key aide and ally of

2346: 2256: 2228: 2196: 2141: 2053: 2030: 1926: 1800: 1790: 1686: 1682: 1645: 1536: 1462: 1320:

with some nationalised industries and strong trade unions. He championed a

1286: 1122: 359: 305: 293: 281: 227: 170: 128: 99: 17129: 4045:; the imprint persists. Macmillan brought out a six-volume autobiography: 3066: 2726:

appointed Macmillan Prime Minister after taking advice from Churchill and

2152:

was Macmillan's US counterpart. Macmillan built a rapport with US General

2009: 18605: 18464: 18176: 17843: 17773: 17743: 17438: 15773: 15737: 15440: 15385: 15251: 15236: 15071: 14780: 14680: 14675: 14437: 14394: 14334: 13866: 13851: 13846: 13781: 13731: 13591: 13531: 13121: 12935: 12914: 12599: 12585: 12259: 12005: 11784: 9705: 6786: 6119: 4557: 4482: 4306: 3967: 3899: 3856: 3835: 3409: 3330: 3258: 3223: 3207: 3090: 3075: 2952: 2891: 2612: 2585: 2303: 2244: 2239:. This caused friction with Eden and the Foreign Office. He was based at 2231:

he helped to negotiate the Italian armistice in August 1943, between the

2174: 1803:(later Baron Amery of Lustleigh), Conservative politician; four children. 1514:, but was also particularly impressed by a speech by Lloyd George at the 1503:, whom he regarded as a "man of action", likely to accomplish his goals. 1473: 1470: 1466: 1333: 1293: 1270: 902: 401: 3894:, who was simultaneously sleeping with the Soviet naval attache Captain 3823:. He was a force in the negotiations leading to the signing of the 1963 17898: 17380: 16777: 16068: 15667: 15548: 15538: 15533: 15524: 15515: 15506: 15331: 15211: 14730: 14720: 14364: 14359: 14344: 14324: 14257: 13811: 13746: 13246: 12893: 12886: 11867: 11516: 10863:

The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–90

9733: 8679:

David Walker, 'Focus on 1957: Macmillan ordered Windscale censorship',

8666:

John Hunt. 'Cabinet Papers For 1957: Windscale Fire Danger Disclosed',

8346:

The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–90

7852:

The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–90

6844:

Harold Macmillan — Idealist into Manipulator. In: A Century of Premiers

5942: 5790: 5611: 5434: 5221: 4666: 4236: 4224: 3907: 3827:

by the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union. He sent

3611: 3449: 3343: 3245:

On 25 March 1957, Macmillan acceded to Eisenhower's request to base 60

3173: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2596: 2566: 2485: 2200: 2077: 1984: 1630: 1606: 1442:

seven he received introductory lessons in classical Latin and Greek at

1247: 1048: 239: 113: 11208:

The Guardsmen: Harold Macmillan, Three Friends and the World They Made

10865:(HarperCollins, 1997) pp. 207–222, covers his term as Chancellor. 10463: 10342:

Johnson, Frank (13 January 1987), "Tributes to the master of timing",

6427:

The Guardsmen, Harold Macmillan, Three Friends and the World They Made

4412:

to 'selling the family silver'. His precise quote, at a dinner of the

4239:

was 75% gentlemen and 25% crooks, the perfect combination for a club.

3662:

Macmillan's policy overrode the hostility of white minorities and the

2581:

milk subsidies, something the Cabinet had not permitted Butler to do.

1854:

Macmillan contested the depressed northern industrial constituency of

1518:

in 1913, where he had become a member. Macmillan was a protégé of the

17362: 16401: 15761: 15246: 15166: 15141: 14685: 14670: 14422: 13671: 12928: 12760: 10898: 10508:"Catalogue of the papers of Harold Macmillan, 1889–1987 – now online" 4661: 4519: 4437: 4429: 4424:

silver goes. And then all that nice furniture that used to be in the

4342: 4305:

The record of Macmillan's own premiership came under attack from the

3731: 3605: 3585: 3489: 3196: 3040: 2648: 2471: 2255:, he later continued as Ambassador to France from November 1944) and 2173:

Macmillan helped to secure US acceptance, if not recognition, of the

2115: 1664:

On his return to London in 1920 he joined the family publishing firm

1584: 1321: 9569: 9567: 9505: 9503: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9235: 8718:

Richard Gott, 'The Evolution of the Independent British Deterrent',

8315: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8301: 8291: 8289: 8287: 4556:, as well as Lord Hailsham, and "scores of country neighbours". The 3933:

report into the Profumo Scandal was published on 26 September 1963.

2029:

Macmillan's job was to provide armaments and other equipment to the

1380:. Near the end of his premiership, his government was rocked by the 18955:

Military personnel from the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea

16281: 15445: 14745: 8389:

Till Time's Last Stand: A History of The Bank of England, 1694–2013

7898: 4397: 3686: 3648: 3644: 2260: 2166: 1729:, who served as prime minister from 1756 to 1757 in communion with 1511: 1305: 18855:

Ministers in the Macmillan and Douglas-Home governments, 1957–1964

8586:"The Commonwealth and the Cold War, Neutralism, and Non-Alignment" 4408:

Macmillan is widely supposed to have likened Thatcher's policy of

3051: 2719:. This did not meet with Eden's approval at Cabinet on 7 January. 18500: 11528: 11485: 11460:

The Macmillan Diaries: vol II, Prime Minister and after 1957–1966

10147: 9811:

Thatcher's Britain. The Politics and Social Upheaval of the 1980s

9599: 9564: 9500: 9420: 9258:

Churchill's Empire: The World That Made Him and the World He Made

9232: 8486:

How Social Security Works: An Introduction to Benefits in Britain

8410:

Davey Smith, George; Dorling, Daniel; Shaw, Mary (11 July 2001).

8298: 8284: 8017:

Churchill's Empire: The World That Made Him and the World He Made

7857: 7415: 3756: 3694: 3682: 3656: 3573: 3538: 3534: 3277: 3085:

In February 1959, Macmillan visited the Soviet Union. Talks with

3079: 2408:, but returned to Parliament in the November 1945 by-election in 2240: 2129: 1426: 1091: 16644: 12346: 4286:

Macmillan found himself drawn more actively into politics after

4176:

The Macmillan Diaries Vol II: Prime Minister and After 1957–1966

11229:

The Wind of Change: Harold Macmillan and British Decolonization

9227:

The wind of change: Harold Macmillan and British decolonization

4631:

Macmillan was awarded a number of honorary degrees, including:

4274: 3846:

in November, shortly after the end of Macmillan's premiership.

3640: 3597: 3589: 3179:

In April 1957, Macmillan reaffirmed his strong support for the

3129: 3121: 2515: 2365:

and Allied Forces Headquarters directives by repatriating 4000

2136:. He reported directly to the Prime Minister instead of to the 1947: 1641: 1458: 1392:

in his final years. He died in December 1986 at the age of 92.

11501: 11332:

The Last Edwardian at No.10: An Impression of Harold Macmillan

10430: 9271:"Harold Macmillan begins his "winds of change" tour of Africa" 8859:

from the original on 22 April 2009 – via news.bbc.co.uk.

8413:

Poverty, Inequality and Health in Britain, 1800–2000: A Reader

1946:

Macmillan supported Chamberlain's first flight for talks with

11239:

An English Affair: Sex, Class and Power in the Age of Profumo

10707:

John Vincent, "Macmillan, Harold" in Fred M. Leventhal, ed.,

9890: 9888: 9676: 9674: 9478: 9476: 8356: 8354: 8039: 8037: 7805: 6982: 6698:

Thorpe 2010, pp. 42–45; "sent down" is a university term for

4322: 4314: 3581: 3545:

Macmillan's first government had seen the first phase of the

3148: 3055:

Macmillan with Indian Minister and head of Indian delegation

2608: 2489:

Churchill's Cabinet, 1955 (Macmillan sitting on the far left)

2430:

Although Macmillan played an important role in drafting the "

11535:

Bodleian Library Suez Crisis Fiftieth Anniversary Exhibition

11506:

8 June 1958 speech on "Interdependence" at DePauw University

9623: 9583:

SECURITY (MR. PROFUMO'S RESIGNATION) (Hansard, 17 June 1963)

9396: 9331: 7869: 6110:: Minister of Housing and Local Government and Welsh Affairs 5913:: Minister of Housing and Local Government and Welsh Affairs 5740:: Minister of Housing and Local Government and Welsh Affairs 5346:: Minister of Housing and Local Government and Welsh Affairs 3187:

had been determined to persuade the United States to revive

1775:(1921–1984), Conservative politician and publisher. Married 1539:

at Oxford, just before the outbreak of the First World War.

17483: 9362: 9360: 9358: 9292: 9290: 9288: 8452:

The Many Concepts of Social Justice in European Private Law

7651: 7626: 7614: 7326: 7324: 6656: 4590:

and thousands of mourners, was held on 10 February 1987 in

3094: 2299: 1571:

for hospital treatment, then joined a reserve battalion at

1567:

in September 1915, Macmillan was sent to Lennox Gardens in

12078: 10817:

All the Way with JFK? Britain, the US, and the Vietnam War

10155: 9885: 9686: 9671: 9635: 9473: 9082: 9040: 8983: 8758: 8351: 8333:

Prime Ministers and the Media: issues of power and control

8248: 8246: 8218: 8158: 8146: 8034: 7745: 7311: 7309: 7091: 7089: 7076: 7074: 7072: 6211: 2551: 1347:

In international affairs, Macmillan worked to rebuild the

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on the sidelines of United Nations General Assembly, 1960

3172:

test—Operation Grapple X Round C1, which took place over

3128:

subversion in July 1958; and deterring Iraqi demands of

18845:

Ministers in the Churchill wartime government, 1940–1945

18785:

Conservative Party prime ministers of the United Kingdom

11306:(December 1963), 13#12 pp. 848–851, covers 1931 to 1963. 10726: 10118:

A Conservative Coup : the fall of Margaret Thatcher

9828: 9372: 9355: 9321: 9319: 9317: 9302: 9285: 9209: 9207: 8971: 8170: 8062: 7985: 7663: 7563: 7482: 7470: 7434: 7365: 7363: 7321: 7233: 7209: 6864: 6783:

states that he held and retained the rank of lieutenant.

4624:

Macmillan's archives are located at Oxford University's

4329:. The other said, 'Starve a cold'; she was a monetarist. 3476:

Nations forces put an end to the secessionist regime of

3120:, in July 1957; deploying airborne battalions to defend 2979:

This period also saw the first stirrings of more active

2165:) as the Greek slaves ran the operations of the Emperor 1495:, who came to power when Macmillan was 11 years old and 12308: 9106: 9072: 9070: 8243: 7980:

Decision-making in Great Britain during the Suez crisis

7494: 7306: 7269: 7257: 7188: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7106: 7104: 7086: 7069: 6931: 6253: 6251: 6223: 5022:

2nd Earl of Stockton, 2nd Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden

3941:

on 30 September he favoured stepping down, but only if

2124:

had refused the job, Macmillan attained real power and

2010:

Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Supply (1940–1942)

1371:

with the United States and the Soviet Union. After the

528:

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies

18860:

Ministers in the third Churchill government, 1951–1955

18780:

Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies

16881:

Minister for Coordination of Transport, Fuel and Power

11500:

President of the friends of Roquetaillade association

11270:

Evans, Brendan. "The oratory of Harold Macmillan", in

10689: 10677: 10665: 10650: 10638: 10324:"Macmillan Funeral Held – Thatcher Attends Services", 10024: 9956: 9926:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 11 February 1975. 9900: 9840: 9816: 9791: 9647: 9512: 9408: 9189: 9174: 9155: 9130: 9118: 9052: 9025: 9010: 8995: 8932: 8920: 8908: 8896: 8794: 8782: 8770: 8746: 8539: 8527: 8409: 8366: 8194: 8182: 8098: 8086: 8074: 8050: 7997: 7938:

Harold Macmillan; Unflappable master of the middle way

7829: 7757: 7719: 7675: 6750: 6704: 6668: 6397: 6395: 6365: 6310: 4481:

On the evening of 29 December 1986, Macmillan died at

3100:

In the Middle East, faced by the 1958 collapse of the

2900:: "Quiet, calm deliberation disentangles every knot". 2627:, was opposed to the British military presence in the 1436: 27:

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963

18840:

Ministers in the Churchill caretaker government, 1945

18692: 11422:

New Political Ideas in the Aftermath of the Great War

11039:(New ed.). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. 10971:(Twentieth anniversary ed.). London: Macmillan. 10714: 9712:. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 335. 9343: 9314: 9204: 8653:

Paddy Shennan, 'Britain's Biggest Nuclear Disaster',

8631:

Nick Rufford, 'A-bomb links kept secret from Queen',

7960: 7904: 7817: 7781: 7360: 6943: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6447: 3273:

by arousing the jealousy of France and other allies.

3202:

Macmillan's decision led to increased demands on the

16498:

European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance

16016:

Organisations associated with the Conservative Party

10441:

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

10140: 9659: 9611: 9094: 9067: 8953:"The Reshaping of British Railways – Part 1: Report" 7888:

18 April 1956: Macmillan unveils premium bond scheme

7458: 7446: 7422: 7375: 7348: 7336: 7294: 7245: 7221: 7133: 7116: 7101: 6798: 6716: 6248: 3929:

was urging the ageing Macmillan to retire. The full

3834:

President Kennedy visited Macmillan's country home,

3755:

project. From the same year Macmillan permitted the

2014:

Macmillan finally attained office by serving in the

14821: 11540:

Portraits of Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton

10151:. Vol. 468. House of Lords. col. 390–391. 8833: 8266:

Twentieth Century British Political Facts 1900–2000

8238:

The Macmillan Diaries, The Cabinet Years, 1950–1957

7057: 7037:Edward Marriott, 'Obituary – Eileen O'Casey', 6919: 6738: 6680: 6463: 6407: 6392: 6353: 4269: 3432: 3156:speech during a tour of the former British Empire. 3132:by landing a brigade group in June 1961 during the 1896: 1849: 18835:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 18770:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom 18740:20th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom 10990: 10839: 10205: 7854:(1997) pp. 207–222, covers his term as Chancellor. 7694: 7024:Garry O'Connor, 'Obituary – Eileen O'Casey', 6444: 6286: 4662:Historians' assessments of Macmillan's premiership 4392:comparative prosperity in the south and an ailing 4136:Macmillan's wartime diaries were better received. 3838:, on 29–30 June 1963, for talks about the planned 3300:Macmillan led the Conservatives to victory in the 2480: 2128:rank late in 1942 as British Minister Resident at 2116:Minister Resident in the Mediterranean (1942–1945) 2048: 16187:Conservative National Property Advisory Committee 11711:Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Supply 11362:Europe in Discourse: Identity, Diversity, Borders 11281:(2003) 17#3 pp29–54, focus on decline of Britain. 11059:Margaret Thatcher: From Grantham to the Falklands 10402:"Stockton, Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of" 8815:Harold Macmillan, Speech in Bedford, 20 July 1957 8279:Brief encounters: meetings with remarkable people 6298: 4035: 3814: 3139:Macmillan was a major proponent and architect of 18755:British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs 18716: 18410:William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland 13004: 11555:"Archival material relating to Harold Macmillan" 11424:(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2017) pp. 67–85. 11111:(Kindle ed.). London: Chatto & Windus. 10120:(2nd ed.). London: Duckworth. p. 105. 10053: 10051: 9948:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 4 May 1979. 8874:"Cabinet Papers – Strained consensus and Labour" 8240:, ed. Peter Catterall (London: Macmillan, 2003). 4548:A private funeral was held on 5 January 1987 at 4163:The Macmillan Diaries: The Cabinet Years 1950–57 4015: 2971:and Harold Wilson in April 1951 (who had wanted 2400:Macmillan indeed lost Stockton in the landslide 1783:. His father outlived him by nearly three years. 1773:Maurice Macmillan, Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden 1296:, Macmillan succeeded him as prime minister and 18440:George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston 11491:contributions in Parliament by Harold Macmillan 11017:The Macmillan Years 1957–63: The Emerging Truth 7529: 4345:had been in the Second World War (in the event 3412:, Finland. In the middle, the Finnish Minister 3311: 2452: 11253:Eisenhower, Macmillan and Allied Unity 1957–61 9942:"1979: Election victory for Margaret Thatcher" 8731:Gott, 'Independent British Deterrent', p. 247. 6561:(Supplement). 19 November 1915. p. 11582. 5194: 4485:, the Macmillan family mansion on the edge of 3249:in England under joint control to replace the 2880: 2447: 1990:Macmillan voted against the Government in the 1844: 1837:Reynolds, the actress wife of Irish dramatist 1405:Macmillan was born on 10 February 1894, at 52 1212:Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton 18516: 17469: 17115: 16630: 14807: 14496: 13911: 12990: 12332: 12273:1960 University of Oxford Chancellor election 12064: 10895:British Prime Ministers From Balfour to Brown 10892: 10361: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10048: 9973: 9971: 9813:. (Simon & Schuster, London 2009), p. 316 7518:Harold Macmillan: Aspects of a Political Life 7405: 6521:(Supplement). 17 November 1914. p. 9505. 6019:Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations 5822:Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations 5643:Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations 5408:Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations 5266:Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations 4747: 4597: 3973:Macmillan was succeeded by Foreign Secretary 3504:resulted in the breakthrough that led to the 3396:and severing towns from the railway network. 3265:followed on 3 July 1958, speeding up British 2733: 1998:as prime minister, and tried to join in with 729:14 November 1945 – 25 September 1964 15997: 11272:Conservative Orators from Baldwin to Cameron 10586:"Macmillan & Eisenhower – British Pathé" 9779: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9710:The Queen : A Biography of Elizabeth II 5935:", Macmillan sacked a third of his Cabinet. 4379:coalfields, and in his maiden speech in the 3183:. A succession of prime ministers since the 2132:in the Mediterranean, recently liberated in 2096:lies the future of the Colonial territories. 1817:In old age, Macmillan was a close friend of 1620: 694:24 February 1984 – 29 December 1986 18850:Ministers in the Eden government, 1955–1957 17265:Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 16541:European Conservatives and Reformists Group 16481:European Conservatives and Reformists Party 16197:Conservative Science & Technology Forum 11251:Edmonds, Anthony O. and E. Bruce Geelhoed, 10858:(contains an essay on Macmillan and Butler) 10337: 10335: 10257: 10255: 8391:, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017, pp. 434–435. 5923: 5744: 5565: 5378: 4586:A public memorial service, attended by the 3358:In the 1962 cabinet reshuffle known as the 3089:eased tensions in east–west relations over 2676:was also refusing to see Foreign Secretary 2611:in collusion with France and Israel in the 2529: 1814:Lady Dorothy died on 21 May 1966, aged 65. 540:4 February 1942 – 30 December 1942 217:20 December 1955 – 13 January 1957 18523: 18509: 18450:Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon 17476: 17462: 17122: 17108: 16637: 16623: 16222:Conservative Workers & Trade Unionists 14814: 14800: 14503: 14489: 13918: 13904: 12997: 12983: 12339: 12325: 12071: 12057: 11571:Newspaper clippings about Harold Macmillan 11563: 11546: 10709:Twentieth-century Britain: an encyclopedia 10312: 10262:"British leaders mourn Harold Macmillan", 10239: 10237: 10235: 9968: 8868: 8866: 7922: 5997:Secretary of State for the Home Department 5795:Secretary of State for the Home Department 5616:Secretary of State for the Home Department 5439:Secretary of State for the Home Department 5374:succeeds Amory as Minister of Agriculture. 5325:: Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation 5230:Secretary of State for the Home Department 4754: 4740: 4242: 2762:10 January 1957 – 18 October 1963 2741: 2463:Minister of Housing & Local Government 379:30 October 1951 – 19 October 1954 160:10 January 1957 – 18 October 1963 91:10 January 1957 – 18 October 1963 62: 18800:Fellows of the Royal Society (Statute 12) 15937:Directly elected city mayoral authorities 14519:Defence Secretaries of the United Kingdom 13934:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom 12278:1963 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours 12145:Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire 11793:Minister of Local Government and Planning 11738:Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies 11289:Having It So Good: Britain In The Fifties 11227:Butler, Larry, and Sarah Stockwell, eds. 11201:Harold Macmillan and Britain's world role 11065: 11034: 10453: 10371:inflation figures are based on data from 10141:The Earl of Stockton (14 November 1985). 10001: 9999: 9770: 9532:"1963: Labour leader Hugh Gaitskell dies" 8045:The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis 6778:(Supplement). 29 June 1920. p. 7073. 6541:(Supplement). 7 March 1916. p. 2533. 6272:"The spy who rocked a world of privilege" 6243:Having It So Good: Britain in the Fifties 6229: 6217: 4383:he criticised Thatcher's handling of the 3783:Macmillan worked with states outside the 3443:William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington 2905:Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire 2395: 2329:Macmillan was also the minister advising 2271:). This proposal impressed Churchill and 2203:(then Supreme Commander, Mediterranean), 2063:Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies 1970: 1739:William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington 1727:William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire 1711:Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire 1292:When Eden resigned in 1957 following the 18805:Foreign Office personnel of World War II 18425:Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby 18420:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 16975:Ministry of Housing and Local Government 15618: 14875:History of conservatism in Great Britain 13885:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as 11934:Leader of the British Conservative Party 11802:Minister of Housing and Local Government 11447:Britannica Online about Harold Macmillan 11149: 11084: 10949:(Original ed.). London: Macmillan. 10925:(original ed.). London: Macmillan. 10893:Goodlad, Graham; Pearce, Robert (2013). 10834: 10732: 10332: 10304: 10252: 10082: 10057: 9920:"1975: Tories choose first woman leader" 9871: 9834: 9783: 9629: 9402: 9378: 9366: 9337: 9308: 9296: 8977: 8950: 8448: 8176: 8068: 7991: 7875: 7863: 7811: 7669: 7657: 7632: 7620: 7315: 7263: 7194: 7080: 6937: 6768: 6756: 6710: 6674: 6662: 6653:Spartacus Educational website biography. 6551: 6531: 6511: 6438: 6429:, (London, Harper Collins), 2004, p. 19. 6371: 6328:"Winds of Change" speech, minute 29:04. 6316: 5176:Heir apparent to the Earldom of Stockton 4536: 4526:that continue to blow in South Africa.' 4495:Alexander, Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden 4460: 4273: 3995: 3991: 3730: 3610: 3528: 3520: 3403: 3373:Macmillan supported the creation of the 3295: 3163: 3065: 3050: 2615:. According to Labour Shadow Chancellor 2484: 2187: 2052: 1709:, on 21 April 1920. Her great-uncle was 1650:Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire 880:3 March 1960 – 18 December 1986 367:Minister of Housing and Local Government 271:7 April 1955 – 20 December 1955 18950:Honorary Fellows of the British Academy 18870:People educated at Summer Fields School 18775:Chancellors of the University of Oxford 18430:Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury 17486:Chancellors of the University of Oxford 17373:Minister of Labour and National Service 17319:Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs 17000:Minister of Labour and National Service 15575:Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party 11089:. London: Macmillan. pp. 177–194. 10791: 10341: 10232: 10115: 9704: 9225:Larry Butler and Sarah Stockwell, eds. 8863: 8482: 8212: 8028: 8003: 7520:(London: Macmillan, 1999), pp. 199–200. 7013:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 6841: 6594:, Sevenoaks, UK: Hodder and Stoughton, 6245:(London: Allen Lane, 2006), pp. 533–34. 6094:Minister of Labour and National Service 5897:Minister of Labour and National Service 5724:Minister of Labour and National Service 5538:Minister of Labour and National Service 5318:Minister of Labour and National Service 5189: 4718:"—in fact he was a businessman who had 4465:The Macmillan family graves in 2012 at 4024:in 1960, in a campaign masterminded by 3070:Macmillan meeting Eisenhower in Bermuda 2552:Chancellor of the Exchequer (1955–1957) 2372: 1725:. Lady Dorothy was also descended from 1659: 1433:. Macmillan considered himself a Scot. 776:27 October 1931 – 15 June 1945 488:30 December 1942 – 25 May 1945 325:19 October 1954 – 7 April 1955 14: 18820:Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK) 18717: 18460:Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton 18415:William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville 17355:Secretary of State for India and Burma 16941:(1951–1954; in cabinet 1953–1954 only) 16242:Conservatives for International Travel 16094:Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation 13941:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 12080:Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton 11996:Chancellor of the University of Oxford 11427: 11199:Aldous, Richard, and Sabine Lee, eds. 11176:Macmillan: Aspects of a Political Life 11173: 11109:Supermac: The Life of Harold Macmillan 11103: 11087:Macmillan: Aspects of a Political Life 10985: 10868: 10760: 10744: 10695: 10683: 10671: 10659: 10644: 10276: 10243: 10161: 10030: 10020:from the original on 10 December 2017. 9996: 9962: 9952:from the original on 19 December 2007. 9906: 9894: 9846: 9822: 9797: 9766:from the original on 23 February 2012. 9692: 9680: 9653: 9641: 9595:"SECURITY (MR. PROFUMO'S RESIGNATION)" 9518: 9494: 9482: 9470:, pp. 164–65, Chapters 14 and 15. 9414: 9213: 9198: 9183: 9168: 9136: 9124: 9088: 9061: 9046: 9034: 9019: 9004: 8989: 8938: 8926: 8914: 8902: 8800: 8788: 8776: 8764: 8752: 8583: 8545: 8533: 8372: 8360: 8224: 8200: 8188: 8164: 8152: 8104: 8092: 8080: 8056: 7838: 7763: 7751: 7725: 7681: 7569: 7393: 7369: 7300: 7275: 7095: 6988: 6962:Forbes, Alastair (21 September 1991). 6961: 6949: 6895: 6870: 6792: 6722: 6589: 6457: 6292: 6269: 6126: 6006:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 5804:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 5625:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 5448:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 5248:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 4022:Chancellor of the University of Oxford 3116:and Egypt against the Sultan of Oman, 3108:allies, using the Royal Air Force and 2631:. The Egyptian nationalisation of the 2041:to increase the supply and quality of 868:Chancellor of the University of Oxford 811:29 October 1924 – 10 May 1929 600:15 May 1940 – 4 February 1942 259:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 18:Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton 18750:British Army personnel of World War I 18504: 18465:Roy Jenkins, Lord Jenkins of Hillhead 18365:William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset 18340:William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset 18330:William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke 18325:Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley 18243: 18005: 17497: 17457: 17103: 16837:Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 16618: 16458: 16390: 16217:Conservative Women National Committee 15996: 15804: 15617: 14980: 14835: 14795: 14484: 14457:Category:British Secretaries of State 13899: 12978: 12348:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom 12320: 12307: 12052: 11159:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 11053: 10963: 10939: 10915: 10813: 10720: 10372: 10203: 10042: 10006:Apple, R. W. Jr. (14 November 1984). 10005: 9977: 9390: 9349: 9325: 9281:from the original on 8 December 2015. 9112: 9100: 9076: 8853:"1959: Macmillan wins Tory hat trick" 8252: 7966: 7910: 7823: 7799: 7787: 7775: 7598:(London: Macmillan, 1969), pp. 28–29. 7500: 7488: 7476: 7464: 7452: 7440: 7428: 7381: 7354: 7342: 7330: 7251: 7239: 7227: 7215: 7151: 7139: 7127: 7110: 7063: 6925: 6816: 6804: 6744: 6686: 6469: 6413: 6401: 6359: 6341:from the original on 24 November 2017 6304: 5174: 5158: 5156: 5144: 5142: 5130: 5128: 5110: 5094: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5058: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5027: 5025: 5007: 4971: 4937: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4493:, West Sussex. His grandson and heir 4362:was governed by military necessity.' 3849: 3452:winning a series of victories in the 3408:Macmillan (left) on 1 August 1961 in 3375:National Economic Development Council 3236:Atomic Weapons Research Establishment 2670: 2341:commander in Austria responsible for 1018: 18435:George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen 18345:Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke 18335:Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke 18315:Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset 18300:Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester 18290:Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel 17019:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 14411:Commonwealth and Development Affairs 12177:1959 United Kingdom general election 11902:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 11302:Hodge, Alan. "The Macmillan Years", 11274:(Manchester University Press, 2016). 11178:. London: Macmillan. pp. 6–15. 11013: 10514:from the original on 4 January 2017. 10488:from the original on 5 December 2017 10412:from the original on 8 November 2021 10277:Morgan, Kenneth (14 February 2005). 10008:"Macmillan, at 90, Rouses the Lords" 9665: 9617: 9467: 8959:from the original on 19 October 2010 8884:from the original on 10 October 2017 8839: 8503:from the original on 8 November 2021 8430:from the original on 8 November 2021 7551:from the original on 21 January 2012 6257: 6037:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 5840:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 5661:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 5475:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 5285:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 5125:styled Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden 4930:styled Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden 4469:. Macmillan's grave is on the right. 4456: 3685:and Singapore became independent as 3335:series of by-elections in March 1962 3010: 2369:and 11,000 civilian family members. 2279:for Italy (in succession to General 1827:John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley 1240:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 79:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 18470:Chris Patten, Lord Patten of Barnes 17301:Secretary of State for the Colonies 16856:Secretary of State for the Colonies 16459: 16129:Conservative Friends of the Chinese 15833:Treasurer of the Conservative Party 15805: 12309:Harold Macmillan navigational boxes 11314:Macmillan: Portrait of a Politician 10878:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 10820:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10626:from the original on 4 January 2017 10566:from the original on 21 August 2017 10204:Bates, Stephen (30 December 1986). 10173: 9858:'The Wit and Wisdom Inside No 10', 9560:from the original on 26 April 2016. 8822:from the original on 3 October 2010 8449:Micklitz, H. W. (1 November 2011). 7406:@thehistoryguy (22 February 2023). 6795:, pp. 72, 76–77, 88, 109, 118. 6015:Secretary of State for the Colonies 5813:Secretary of State for the Colonies 5634:Secretary of State for the Colonies 5457:Secretary of State for the Colonies 5257:Secretary of State for the Colonies 3631:were granted independence in 1960, 3615:Macmillan meets Egypt 's President 3559:publicly beat 11 prisoners to death 3496:representing the United States and 3399: 2961:Financial Secretary to the Treasury 2951:, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, 2006:" in the House of Commons Chamber. 1994:of May 1940, helping to bring down 1461:(1903–06). He was Third Scholar at 1437:Education and early political views 1277:. In the 1950s Macmillan served as 1259:his family book-publishing business 1022: 433:25 May 1945 – 26 July 1945 24: 18530: 18395:John Fane, 7th Earl of Westmorland 18370:Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon 16565:Ulster Conservatives and Unionists 16104:Conservative Co-operative Movement 15828:Conservative Campaign Headquarters 11452: 11193: 10536:from the original on 2 August 2017 10358:(London: Westminster Abbey, 1987). 9930:from the original on 7 March 2008. 9538:from the original on 15 July 2015. 8134:. It is unclear whether there was 7291:(London: Macmillan, 1967), p. 161. 6643:from the original on 21 March 2015 6282:from the original on 4 August 2012 5560:Local Government and Welsh Affairs 3341:on 14 March. Butler leaked to the 3159: 2957:Economic Secretary to the Treasury 2876:Conservative government, 1957–1964 2607:In November 1956, Britain invaded 2310:as Regent on behalf of the exiled 2148:had a similar job at Cairo, while 1819:Ava Anderson, Viscountess Waverley 1768:The Macmillans had four children: 1559:. He fought on the front lines in 25: 18966: 18895:Secretaries of State for Air (UK) 18815:King's Royal Rifle Corps officers 18745:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford 18400:George Lee, 3rd Earl of Lichfield 18390:Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran 18385:James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde 16232:Conservatives Against Fox Hunting 16162:Conservative Humanist Association 16147:Conservative Friends of Palestine 16133:Conservative Friends of Gibraltar 16099:Conservative Christian Fellowship 16053:Association of Conservative Clubs 16033:Conservative Women's Organisation 14870:History of the Conservative Party 11544:National Portrait Gallery, London 11466: 11210:(Harper Perennial, London 2005). 10969:Macmillan: The Official Biography 10090:. 29 February 1984. p. 2951. 9881:. 9 September 1976. p. 5299. 6902:, London: Robson Books, pp. 6270:Leitch, David (8 December 1996), 6199:from the original on 29 June 2021 5131:Frederick Maurice Brian Macmillan 3873: 3726: 3516: 3471:He was supportive throughout the 3386:The Reshaping of British Railways 3181:British nuclear weapons programme 3046: 2457:With the Conservative victory in 2249:Free French government in Algeria 1877:in 1931. However the sitting MP, 1261:, then entered Parliament at the 18940:UK MPs who were granted peerages 18760:British book publishers (people) 18702: 18484: 18455:Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax 18380:James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond 18244: 17164: 16684: 16599: 16589: 16192:Conservative Rural Affairs Group 15976:Conservative Party Review (2016) 15879:Conservative Chief Whip's Office 15858:National Conservative Convention 15842:Conservative Research Department 14550: 14512: 14463: 14452: 14451: 14286: 13927: 12958: 12957: 12293:St Giles' Church, Horsted Keynes 11588:Parliament of the United Kingdom 11347:Macmillan A Publishing Tradition 10785:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2005.00511.x 10701: 10608: 10578: 10548: 10518: 10500: 10470: 10424: 10394: 10349: 10298: 10270: 10197: 10167: 10134: 10109: 10094: 10076: 9982:. London: Simon & Schuster. 9934: 9912: 9865: 9852: 9803: 9752: 9739: 9726: 9698: 9607:from the original on 7 May 2016. 9587: 9576: 9573:Goodlad & Pearce, 2013 p.180 9542: 9524: 9509:Goodlad & Pearce, 2013 p.179 9438: 9435:Goodlad & Pearce, 2013 p.178 9263: 9250: 9247:Goodlad & Pearce, 2013 p.176 9219: 9142: 8944: 8845: 8806: 8734: 8725: 8712: 8699: 8686: 8673: 8660: 8647: 8638: 8625: 8591:The International History Review 8577: 8564: 8551: 8515: 8476: 8442: 8403: 8394: 8378: 8338: 8322: 8319:Goodlad & Pearce, 2013 p.170 8295:Goodlad & Pearce, 2013 p.169 8271: 8258: 8230: 8110: 8009: 7972: 7931: 7916: 7881: 7844: 7731: 7687: 6156: 6144: 5939:Harold Macmillan: Prime Minister 5750:Harold Macmillan: Prime Minister 5571:Harold Macmillan: Prime Minister 5200:Harold Macmillan: Prime Minister 5043:David Maurice Benjamin Macmillan 4543:St Giles' Church, Horsted Keynes 4467:St Giles' Church, Horsted Keynes 4270:Relations with Margaret Thatcher 4115:At the End of the Day, 1961–1963 3525:British decolonisation in Africa 3511:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 3433:Relations with the United States 3097:and Soviet heads of government. 2991:that some financiers – who were 2856: 2511:, received cross-party support. 2440:called it the second edition of 2390:Churchill's caretaker government 2199:to his left. Front Row: General 1897:Member of Parliament (1931–1939) 1850:Member of Parliament (1924–1929) 1672: 1510:socialism. He read avidly about 1298:Leader of the Conservative Party 1105: 980:St Giles' Church, Horsted Keynes 148:Leader of the Conservative Party 18865:People educated at Eton College 17413:Secretary of State for Scotland 17395:President of the Board of Trade 17076:Secretary of State for Scotland 16442:Society of Conservative Lawyers 16391: 16124:Conservative Friends of America 14824:Conservative and Unionist Party 14409:Secretary of State for Foreign, 12207:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 11389:Macmillan: A Study in Ambiguity 10148:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 9600:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 8268:, Macmillan, 8th edition, 2000. 7696:"The Housing Total Was 318,779" 7638: 7601: 7588: 7575: 7523: 7506: 7399: 7281: 7200: 7145: 7044: 7031: 7018: 6994: 6955: 6889: 6876: 6835: 6810: 6762: 6728: 6692: 6629: 6620: 6607: 6583: 6574: 6565: 6545: 6525: 6505: 6496: 6484: 6475: 6419: 6377: 6322: 6085:Secretary of State for Scotland 6055:Chief Secretary to the Treasury 6028:President of the Board of Trade 5931:In a radical reshuffle dubbed " 5888:Secretary of State for Scotland 5858:Chief Secretary to the Treasury 5831:President of the Board of Trade 5715:Secretary of State for Scotland 5685:Chief Secretary to the Treasury 5652:President of the Board of Trade 5529:Secretary of State for Scotland 5493:Chief Secretary to the Treasury 5466:President of the Board of Trade 5300:Secretary of State for Scotland 5276:President of the Board of Trade 5009:Alexander Daniel Alan Macmillan 4325:said, 'Feed a cold'; she was a 4321:. How do you treat a cold? One 4192: 3789:European Free Trade Association 3647:merged with Tanganyika to form 3506:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 3370:, an almost unprecedented act. 3337:, of which the most famous was 2757:Premiership of Harold Macmillan 2481:Minister of Defence (1954–1955) 2088:The governing principle of the 2049:Colonial Under-Secretary (1942) 1491:prime ministers, starting with 1014: 18445:George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave 16182:Conservative Education Society 16152:Conservative Friends of Turkey 16142:Conservative Friends of Israel 16109:Conservative Countryside Forum 15913:Northern Ireland Conservatives 14981: 14296:Secretary of State for Foreign 12172:US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement 11407:The Minister and the Massacres 11334:, Quartet Books, London 1980. 11291:, Penguin Books, London 2006. 10946:Macmillan Volume II: 1957–1986 10754: 10432:Lord Hailsham Of St Marylebone 8522:Mastering Modern World History 7701:Hartlepool Northern Daily Mail 6821:. Little, Brown. p. 213. 6263: 6235: 6179: 4528:Commonwealth Secretary-General 4235:. He also once commented that 4036:Return to Macmillan Publishers 3917: 3815:Partial Test Ban Treaty (1963) 3811:France's role would diminish. 2584:One of his innovations at the 1542: 1520:president of the Union Society 1242:from 1957 to 1963. Nicknamed " 13: 1: 18945:Earls created by Elizabeth II 18830:Members of the Order of Merit 18647:The Trial of Christine Keeler 18006: 17498: 17148:Lord President of the Council 16720:Lord President of the Council 16528:European People's Party Group 16137:Conservative Friends of India 16114:Conservative Disability Group 15897:Conservative Party Conference 12031:Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden 12014:Peerage of the United Kingdom 11513:on the Downing Street website 11496:BBC Harold Macmillan obituary 11430:Macmillan (Profiles In Power) 10994:RAB: The Life of R. A. Butler 10922:Macmillan Volume I: 1894–1956 10266:, p. A10, 6 January 1987 10105:, p. 28, 4 February 1985 9534:. BBC News. 21 October 1963. 8604:10.1080/07075332.2015.1053965 7925:John Major: The Autobiography 7609:Diaries and Letters, 1945–62. 7166:10.1080/13619462.2017.1401475 6187:"Harold Macmillan Dies at 92" 6172: 5969:Lord President of the Council 5767:Lord President of the Council 5588:Lord President of the Council 5404:Lord President of the Council 5217:Lord President of the Council 5112:Daniel Maurice Alan Macmillan 4862:Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden 4577:struck a more critical note: 4373:Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden 4278:Macmillan became critical of 4016:Oxford chancellor (1960–1986) 3956: 3745:Blue Streak ballistic missile 3353:EC agricultural protectionism 3282:a severe crisis of confidence 3112:to defeat a revolt backed by 3059:and wife Anjana, daughter of 2865:Coat of arms of HM Government 2253:liberation of mainland France 1904:state direction of investment 1777:The Hon Katharine Ormsby-Gore 1669:the party was in opposition. 1600:Armistice of 11 November 1918 1469:, who did much to instil his 1395: 16553:Movement for European Reform 16487:International Democrat Union 16272:Margaret Thatcher Foundation 16207:Conservative Transport Group 16202:Conservative Trade Unionists 13006:Chancellors of the Exchequer 11531:, Cavendish family genealogy 11379:The Wind of Change in Africa 11279:Contemporary British History 11241:HarperCollins, London 2013. 11222:Contemporary British History 10328:, p. 23, 6 January 1987 10174:Fox, Thomas (2 April 2022). 8722:, 39/2 (April 1963), p. 246. 8584:Onslow, Sue (13 July 2015). 7927:. HarperCollins. p. 26. 7154:Contemporary British History 7050:"Eileen O'Casey; Obituary." 6162: 6150: 6122:: Minister without Portfolio 5933:The Night of the Long Knives 5919:: Minister without Portfolio 5163: 5159:Finn Joshua Marcus Macmillan 5149: 5135: 5117: 5047: 5028:Adam Julian Robert Macmillan 5014: 4043:Holtzbrinck Publishing Group 3890:) and an alleged call-girl, 3749:Blue Steel stand-off missile 3643:in 1962, and Kenya in 1963. 3316: 3312:Second government, 1959–1963 3147:was granted independence as 2926:" in 1958 by the cartoonist 2453:Housing Minister (1951–1954) 2016:wartime coalition government 1425:, was the son of a Scottish 1344:with an increased majority. 1308:tradition and supported the 669:Member of the House of Lords 7: 18880:People from Chelsea, London 18675:Well he would, wouldn't he? 18491:University of Oxford portal 18405:Frederick North, Lord North 17247:First Lord of the Admiralty 17193:Chancellor of the Exchequer 16914:The Earl Alexander of Tunis 16770:Chancellor of the Exchequer 16559:Alliance for an Open Europe 16535:European Conservative Group 16119:Conservative European Forum 14925:General election manifestos 14836: 11875:Chancellor of the Exchequer 11822:The Earl Alexander of Tunis 11575:20th Century Press Archives 11511:More about Harold Macmillan 11066:Sandbrook, Dominic (2005). 10799:. London: Haus Publishing. 10279:"Big Jim was no one's fool" 10058:Thatcher, Margaret (1993). 9275:South Africa History Online 5988:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5786:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5607:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5430:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5239:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5195:January 1957 – October 1959 5145:Joshua Gabriel P. Macmillan 4604:Fellow of the Royal Society 4211:He became President of the 4102:Pointing the Way, 1959–1961 4089:Riding the Storm, 1956–1959 4076:Tides of Fortune, 1945–1955 4063:The Blast of War, 1939–1945 4020:Macmillan had been elected 3924:Conservative Party Chairman 3392:, destroying many miles of 2881:First government, 1957–1959 2777: 2621:Egyptian Revolution of 1952 2563:Chancellor of the Exchequer 2448:Political career, 1951–1957 1929:, an extreme right-winger. 1869:Macmillan lost his seat in 1845:Political career, 1924–1951 1696: 1577:Battle of Flers–Courcelette 1378:European Economic Community 1283:Chancellor of the Exchequer 348:The Earl Alexander of Tunis 205:Chancellor of the Exchequer 10: 18971: 18885:People from Horsted Keynes 18623:The Christine Keeler Story 17431:Secretary of State for War 17283:Secretary of State for Air 17162: 16682: 16667:First Lord of the Treasury 16518:Conservative–DUP agreement 16157:Conservative History Group 16084:Blue Collar Conservativism 14854:Conservative Party Archive 11765:Secretary of State for Air 11035:Middleton, Roger (1997) . 10207:"'Supermac' Is Dead at 92" 9550:"1963: a year to remember" 8818:, BBC News, 20 July 1974, 8709:(Toronto, 4 January 1988). 7901:, 'On This Day 1950–2005'. 6130: 4881:(Maurice) Harold Macmillan 4819:Maurice Crawford Macmillan 4651:, together with Eisenhower 4613:. In 1984 he received the 4598:Honours, awards and legacy 4313:Was it America? Or was it 4219:. He was also a member of 4178:(London: Macmillan, 2011) 4165:(London: Macmillan, 2003) 4143:(London: Macmillan, 1984) 4050:Winds of Change, 1914–1939 3902:declared, in the words of 3888:Secretary of State for War 3863:That Was the Week That Was 3668:Central African Federation 3541:in Northern Rhodesia, 1960 3482:Central African Federation 3360:'Night of the Long Knives' 3210:nuclear plants to produce 3134:Iraq–Kuwait crisis of 1961 2937: 2873: 2734:Prime Minister (1957–1963) 2386:Secretary of State for Air 2163:Allied Forces Headquarters 1654:Governor General of Canada 421:Secretary of State for Air 18810:Grenadier Guards officers 18666: 18614: 18538: 18482: 18250: 18239: 18012: 18001: 17504: 17493: 17429: 17411: 17389: 17371: 17353: 17335: 17317: 17299: 17281: 17263: 17245: 17227: 17209: 17191: 17173: 17146: 17142: 17074: 17055: 17036: 17017: 16998: 16973: 16954: 16929: 16898: 16879: 16854: 16835: 16806: 16787: 16768: 16753:The Marquess of Salisbury 16743: 16734:The Marquess of Salisbury 16718: 16693: 16661: 16657: 16606:United Kingdom portal 16586: 16506: 16476:List of current alliances 16469: 16465: 16454: 16422:Centre for Social Justice 16417:Centre for Policy Studies 16397: 16386: 16345: 16332:Young Britons' Foundation 16177:Conservative Muslim Forum 16061: 16025: 16007: 16003: 15992: 15968: 15960:Conservative Associations 15952: 15936: 15905: 15889: 15866: 15850: 15815: 15811: 15800: 15624: 15613: 15567: 15260: 15155: 15058: 14991: 14987: 14976: 14940:Irish Conservative Party 14910:Unionist Free Food League 14862: 14846: 14842: 14831: 14639: 14559: 14548: 14525: 14446: 14408: 14295: 14284: 13940: 13880: 13476: 13280: 13012: 12952: 12484: 12359: 12314: 12252: 12217: 12154: 12107: 12086: 12037: 12024: 12019: 12012: 12002: 11993: 11985: 11980: 11970: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11940: 11931: 11923: 11918: 11908: 11899: 11891: 11881: 11872: 11864: 11853: 11845: 11835: 11826: 11818: 11808: 11799: 11781: 11771: 11762: 11754: 11744: 11735: 11727: 11717: 11708: 11700: 11695: 11685: 11671:Member of Parliament for 11669: 11661: 11651: 11637:Member of Parliament for 11635: 11627: 11617: 11603:Member of Parliament for 11601: 11593: 11586: 11374:(1995) 38#2, pp. 455–477. 11070:. London: Little, Brown. 10999:. London: Jonathan Cape. 10062:. London: HarperCollins. 8657:(13 October 2007), p. 26. 7713:British Newspaper Archive 7289:The Blast of War, 1939–45 7002:O'Casey, Sean (1880–1964) 5104: 5102: 5100: 5092: 5090: 5082: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5062: 5060: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4969: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4906: 4904: 4839: 4837: 4802: 4800: 4602:Macmillan was an elected 4512:African National Congress 4359:Permanent Under-Secretary 3778: 3693:The Indonesian president 3349:a rural East Anglian seat 3168:First successful British 3037:Child's Special Allowance 2947:three Treasury ministers— 2852: 2832: 2820: 2810: 2800: 2790: 2766: 2753: 2749: 2740: 2728:the Marquess of Salisbury 2556: 2434:" ("Crossbencher" in the 2277:Allied Control Commission 2247:as Representative to the 2112:advised him not to quit. 1640:Macmillan then served in 1621:Canadian aide-de-campship 1444:Mr Gladstone's day school 1400: 1205: 1184: 1156: 1146: 1136: 1128: 1118: 1113: 1101: 1078: 1059: 1047: 1032: 996: 986: 975: 958: 937: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 896: 884: 873: 866: 862: 855: 851: 847: 843: 827: 815: 804: 792: 780: 769: 757: 745: 733: 722: 710: 698: 685: 674: 667: 663: 656: 652: 648: 644: 628: 616: 604: 593: 580: 568: 556: 544: 533: 526: 514: 504: 492: 481: 473: 461: 449: 437: 426: 419: 407: 395: 383: 372: 365: 353: 341: 329: 318: 311: 299: 287: 275: 264: 257: 245: 233: 221: 210: 203: 199: 192: 188: 176: 164: 153: 146: 134: 122: 105: 95: 84: 77: 73: 61: 34: 16513:List of former alliances 16302:One Nation Conservatives 16212:Conservative Way Forward 15998:Associated organisations 15823:Conservative Party Board 14641:Secretaries of State for 14529:Co-ordination of Defence 14298:and Commonwealth Affairs 12433:Chatham (Pitt the Elder) 12187:Night of the Long Knives 12162:1945 Bromley by-election 11919:Party political offices 11522:15 November 2011 at the 11401:(Prometheus Books, 2014) 11235:Davenport-Hines, Richard 10406:probatesearchservice.gov 10060:The Downing Street Years 8955:. The Railways Archive. 8696:(10 October 2007), p. 8. 8122:Under Secretary of State 7943:19 February 2014 at the 7866:, pp. 261–262, 264. 7535:"Too Obviously Cleverer" 7041:(London, 18 April 1995). 6896:Parris, Matthew (1997), 6137: 5951:First Secretary of State 5924:July 1962 – October 1963 5745:October 1961 – July 1962 5566:July 1960 – October 1961 5379:October 1959 – July 1960 4924:Maurice Victor Macmillan 4649:Johns Hopkins University 4609:In 1976 he received the 4564:, who had died in 1984. 3860:and the television show 3743:Macmillan cancelled the 3664:Conservative Monday Club 3635:and Tanganyika in 1961, 3329:to impose a seven-month 3325:problems led Chancellor 3263:Mutual Defence Agreement 3082:as early as March 1957. 3029:Noise Abatement Act 1960 2959:, and Enoch Powell, the 2588:was the introduction of 2561:Macmillan was appointed 2530:Foreign Secretary (1955) 2302:, would take power (see 2061:Macmillan was appointed 1797:Lady Catherine Macmillan 1553:King's Royal Rifle Corps 1493:Henry Campbell-Bannerman 1478:exhibition (scholarship) 1246:", he was known for his 942:Maurice Harold Macmillan 705:The 2nd Earl of Stockton 658:Parliamentary offices 17694:Walter de Wetheringsete 16845:Derick Heathcoat-Armory 16596:Conservatism portal 16524:European People's Party 16491:European Democrat Union 16297:Northern Research Group 16262:European Research Group 16167:Conservative Mainstream 15928:Gibraltar Conservatives 14950:Scottish Unionist Party 12677:Disraeli (Beaconsfield) 11597:Robert Strother Stewart 11136:A Letter of Resignation 10711:(Garland, 1995) p. 488. 10408:. UK Government. 1987. 10373:Clark, Gregory (2017). 10326:San Francisco Chronicle 9978:Vinen, Richard (2009). 9862:(27 March 2008), p. 13. 9760:"News: 15 October 1964" 9749:(1 January 1995), p. 1. 8878:Nationalarchives.gov.uk 8561:, Volume II, pp. 94–95. 7611:(London, Phoenix) p. 32 7054:(11 April 1995), p. 19. 7028:(12 April 1995), p. 13. 7007:8 November 2021 at the 6817:Bloch, Michael (2015). 6592:1963: Five Hundred Days 6103:Minister of Agriculture 6062:: Minister of Transport 5971:and Minister of Science 5906:Minister of Agriculture 5875:Harold Arthur Watkinson 5865:: Minister of Transport 5769:and Minister of Science 5733:Minister of Agriculture 5702:Harold Arthur Watkinson 5692:: Minister of Transport 5590:and Minister of Science 5547:Minister of Agriculture 5516:Harold Arthur Watkinson 5323:Harold Arthur Watkinson 5309:Minister of Agriculture 5292:: Minister of Education 4251:Macmillan accepted the 4243:Political interventions 3825:Partial Test Ban Treaty 3602:'wind of change' speech 3228:Atomic Energy Authority 3001:1957 Bank Rate Tribunal 2932:cabinet changes in 1962 2602: 2379:Westminster St George's 2020:Parliamentary Secretary 2000:Colonel Josiah Wedgwood 1961:1938 Oxford by-election 1787:Lady Caroline Macmillan 1715:William Ewart Gladstone 1482:Balliol College, Oxford 1316:and the necessity of a 1054:Balliol College, Oxford 822:Robert Strother Stewart 582:Parliamentary Secretary 18890:People of the Cold War 18765:Burials in West Sussex 17819:William de Hawkesworth 17604:Eustace de Normanville 17391:Minister of Production 16820:Sir David Maxwell Fyfe 16227:Conservatives 4 Cities 15918:Scottish Conservatives 14960:National Liberal Party 14935:Liberal Unionist Party 12121:Lady Dorothy Macmillan 11775:The Viscount Stansgate 11758:Sir Archibald Sinclair 11748:The Duke of Devonshire 11391:(A&C Black, 2012). 11014:Lamb, Richard (1995). 10530:Honorsandawards.iu.edu 10455:10.1098/rsbm.1987.0014 10116:Watkins, Alan (1992). 9148:Christopher Sandford, 8483:Spicker, Paul (2011). 8120:(who was pro-Butler), 7893:6 January 2017 at the 7540:London Review of Books 6842:Leonard, Dick (2005). 6502:Thorpe 2011, pp. 47–48 6068:: Minister of Aviation 5871:: Minister of Aviation 5698:: Minister of Aviation 5426:Derick Heathcoat Amory 5305:Derick Heathcoat Amory 4691: 4619:Roosevelt Study Center 4584: 4545: 4470: 4454: 4436:: 'They were like two 4402: 4351:Chief of Defence Staff 4331: 4283: 4005: 3989: 3922:By the summer of 1963 3740: 3724: 3620: 3542: 3526: 3427:Maclean-Burgess affair 3421: 3420:standing to the right. 3351:likely to suffer from 3176: 3126:United Arab Republican 3071: 3063: 2934:, but none caught on. 2549: 2490: 2396:Opposition (1945–1951) 2298:and its military wing 2224: 2098: 2069:, and he spoke in the 2058: 1971:Phoney War (1939–1940) 1707:9th Duke of Devonshire 1705:, the daughter of the 1703:Lady Dorothy Cavendish 1003:Lady Dorothy Cavendish 982:, West Sussex, England 971:, West Sussex, England 575:The Duke of Devonshire 468:The Viscount Stansgate 18875:People from Belgravia 17894:William de Remmyngton 17889:William de Heytisbury 17809:William de Bergeveney 17734:Richard de Nottingham 17644:William de Kingescote 17544:Richard of Chichester 17337:Minister of Education 17038:Minister of Materials 16931:Minister of Education 16675:Sir Winston Churchill 16650:Sir Winston Churchill 16569:Ulster Unionist Party 16322:Tory Green Initiative 16237:Conservatives at Work 14955:National Party (1917) 14469:Portal:United Kingdom 13022:Eustace of Fauconberg 12182:Wind of Change speech 11944:Sir Alec Douglas-Home 11912:Sir Alec Douglas-Home 11478:4 August 2010 at the 11428:Turner, John (1994). 11395:Sandford, Christopher 11224:32.2 (2018): 169–189. 10814:Busch, Peter (2003). 8720:International Affairs 6590:Lawton, John (1992), 6580:MacMillan 2010, p. 89 6131:Further information: 6046:Minister of Education 5947:Deputy Prime Minister 5849:Minister of Education 5677:: Minister of Science 5670:Minister of Education 5502:Minister of Transport 5484:Minister of Education 5367:, enters the Cabinet. 4686: 4579: 4540: 4522:regime to bow to the 4501:on 14 February 2005. 4464: 4445: 4418:Royal Overseas League 4389: 4311: 4277: 4000:Macmillan with Queen 3999: 3992:Retirement, 1963–1986 3984: 3793:Empire of Charlemagne 3734: 3719: 3614: 3532: 3524: 3407: 3379:Trades Union Congress 3302:1959 general election 3296:1959 general election 3255:Strategic Air Command 3167: 3069: 3054: 3043:from 48 to 42 hours. 2874:Further information: 2544: 2488: 2320:Percentages agreement 2308:Archbishop Damaskinos 2281:Noel Mason-MacFarlane 2191: 2171:Casablanca Conference 2086: 2056: 1987:ended in March 1940. 1915:conquest of Abyssinia 1825:Bodley, the widow of 1799:(1926–1991). Married 1789:(1923–2016). Married 1644:, Canada, in 1919 as 1263:1924 general election 1129:Years of service 17829:Humphrey de Cherlton 17749:William de Alburwyke 17574:Richard de S. Agatha 17564:Ralph de Sempringham 17421:The Earl of Rosebery 17237:Sir Donald Somervell 16709:The Viscount Kilmuir 16307:Popular Conservatism 16252:COVID Recovery Group 16043:Conservatives Abroad 15944:London Conservatives 15619:Leadership elections 14945:Irish Unionist Party 14920:Carlton Club meeting 14905:Tariff Reform League 12288:Macmillan Publishers 12167:Macmillan government 11965:in Northwest Africa 11559:UK National Archives 11330:Hutchinson, George. 11068:Never Had It So Good 10510:. 14 February 2014. 8574:, Volume II, p. 419. 7814:, pp. 249, 254. 7533:(8 September 2011). 7000:Richard Allen Cave, 6195:. 30 December 1986. 6116:: Minister of Health 5511:Minister of Aviation 5190:Cabinets (1957–1963) 4887:1st Earl of Stockton 4672:An early biographer 4656:Cambridge University 3785:European Communities 3679:British North Borneo 3670:by the end of 1963. 3533:Macmillan meets the 3473:Cuban Missile Crisis 3461:Bay of Pigs invasion 3439:special relationship 3271:atomic proliferation 3199:on 8 November 1957. 3189:wartime co-operation 3153:Federation of Malaya 2373:Air Secretary (1945) 2367:White Russian troops 2154:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2075:Colonial Secretaries 1889:for his old seat in 1666:Macmillan Publishers 1660:Macmillan Publishers 1516:Oxford Union Society 1455:Summer Fields School 1423:Macmillan Publishers 1367:, and pioneered the 1349:Special Relationship 1021:; died 759:Member of Parliament 712:Member of Parliament 194:Ministerial offices 41:The Earl of Stockton 37:The Right Honourable 18596:William, Lord Astor 17824:William de Palmorna 17784:Robert de Stratford 17759:Ralph of Shrewsbury 17619:William de Montfort 17579:Thomas de Cantilupe 17569:William de Lodelawe 17008:Sir Walter Monckton 16900:Minister of Defence 16826:Gwilym Lloyd George 16427:European Foundation 16312:Renewing One Nation 16257:European Foundation 16172:Conservative Health 16079:The Atlantic Bridge 16048:LGBT+ Conservatives 16038:Young Conservatives 15923:Welsh Conservatives 15757:July–September 2022 15657:Thatcher re-elected 14611:Sir Walter Monckton 12133:Lady Caroline Faber 12041:Alexander Macmillan 11989:The Earl of Halifax 11829:Minister of Defence 11721:The Viscount Portal 11665:Sir Edward Campbell 11631:Frederick Fox Riley 11621:Frederick Fox Riley 11458:Macmillan, Harold. 11432:. London: Longman. 11364:(2016) pp. 101–116 11255:, Basingstoke, UK: 10846:. London: Vintage. 10213:The Daily Telegraph 10164:, pp. 361–362. 10045:, pp. 679–680. 9897:, pp. 359–360. 9695:, pp. 569–570. 9683:, pp. 566–567. 9644:, pp. 558–559. 9485:, pp. 551–552. 9454:26 May 2016 at the 9091:, pp. 709–710. 9049:, pp. 708–709. 8992:, pp. 703–704. 8767:, pp. 699–700. 8363:, pp. 401–407. 8348:(1997) pp. 223–303. 8227:, pp. 361–362. 8167:, pp. 353–354. 8155:, pp. 240–241. 7923:John Major (1999). 7878:, pp. 264–265. 7802:, pp. 244–245. 7778:, pp. 353–354. 7754:, pp. 144–145. 7660:, pp. 257–258. 7635:, pp. 256–257. 7623:, pp. 255–256. 7491:, pp. 230–240. 7479:, pp. 218–222. 7443:, pp. 195–199. 7396:, pp. 697–698. 7333:, pp. 151–160. 7242:, pp. 134–135. 7218:, pp. 117–118. 6735:served the longest. 6127:Cultural depictions 6076:Minister of Defence 6051:John Boyd-Carpenter 6011:Duncan Edwin Sandys 5879:Minister of Defence 5818:Duncan Edwin Sandys 5706:Minister of Defence 5639:Duncan Edwin Sandys 5556:Minister of Housing 5520:Minister of Defence 5507:Duncan Edwin Sandys 5421:Minister of Science 5340:: Minister of Power 5333:Minister of Defence 5329:Duncan Edwin Sandys 4541:Memorial tablet in 4450:means of production 4385:coal miners' strike 4257:the economic crisis 4204:for oysters at the 3673:In Southeast Asia, 3637:Trinidad and Tobago 3547:sub-Saharan African 3494:W. Averell Harriman 3459:The failure of the 3418:Sir Anthony Lambert 3323:balance of payments 3206:and (subsequently) 3197:successfully tested 2779:Prime Minister 2495:Minister of Defence 1996:Neville Chamberlain 1977:invaded by the USSR 1908:John Maynard Keynes 1581:Battle of the Somme 1453:Macmillan attended 1359:, strengthened the 1312:. He supported the 1238:politician who was 1174:Battle of the Somme 857:Academic offices 834:Frederick Fox Riley 787:Frederick Fox Riley 635:The Viscount Portal 477:in Northwest Africa 313:Minister of Defence 18310:Christopher Hatton 17799:William de Skelton 17779:Hugh de Willoughby 17724:Henry de Maunsfeld 17714:Henry de Maunsfeld 17699:Simon de Faversham 17609:John de Pontissara 17589:Nicholas de Ewelme 17519:Ralph de Maidstone 17509:Robert Grosseteste 17327:Viscount Cranborne 16956:Minister of Health 16939:Florence Horsbrugh 16547:European Democrats 16089:Common Sense Group 14890:Tamworth Manifesto 14651:Peter Thorneycroft 14631:Peter Thorneycroft 13887:Lord Chief Justice 12740:Campbell-Bannerman 11885:Peter Thorneycroft 11696:Political offices 11529:RootsAndLeaves.com 11404:Tolstoy, Nikolai. 11387:Sampson, Anthony. 11377:Rooke, Patrick J. 11372:Historical Journal 11345:James, Elizabeth. 11257:Palgrave Macmillan 11020:. London: Murray. 10773:Diplomatic History 10747:, pp. 614–17. 10478:"Macmillan Papers" 10369:Retail Price Index 10143:"New Technologies" 10088:The London Gazette 10013:The New York Times 9878:The London Gazette 9632:, p. 284–285. 9554:BBC Democracy Live 9497:, pp. 504–05. 9405:, p. 189-190. 9393:, p. 182-183. 9340:, p. 187-190. 9152:(2014) pp. 212–213 8236:Harold Macmillan, 7957:; 30 December 1986 7594:Harold Macmillan, 7572:, pp. 234–35. 7503:, pp. 251–86. 7287:Harold Macmillan, 6873:, pp. 94–100. 6848:Palgrave Macmillan 6781:The London Gazette 6775:The London Gazette 6665:, p. 246–247. 6637:"Harold Macmillan" 6626:Thorpe 2010, p. 58 6571:Thorpe 2010, p. 49 6558:The London Gazette 6538:The London Gazette 6518:The London Gazette 6481:Thorpe 2010, p. 41 6388:. 23 January 1962. 6384:"Mr T.S. Morton". 6220:, pp. 422–23. 6192:The New York Times 6099:Christopher Soames 6072:Peter Thorneycroft 5902:Christopher Soames 5869:Peter Thorneycroft 5729:Christopher Soames 5696:Peter Thorneycroft 5384:Harold Macmillan: 5235:Peter Thorneycroft 4637:Indiana University 4546: 4471: 4284: 4282:(pictured in 1975) 4006: 3850:End of premiership 3840:Multilateral Force 3775:in December 1962. 3761:Polaris submarines 3741: 3708:"ganyang Malaysia" 3704:Sir Robert Menzies 3653:Italian Somaliland 3629:British Somaliland 3625:Southern Cameroons 3621: 3617:Gamal Abdel Nasser 3562:The report of the 3543: 3527: 3422: 3234:, director of the 3232:Sir William Penney 3177: 3076:Suez Crisis (1956) 3072: 3064: 3033:Factories Act 1961 3017:Clean Air Act 1956 2985:Official bank rate 2949:Peter Thorneycroft 2922:He was nicknamed " 2795:Macmillan ministry 2724:Queen Elizabeth II 2671:Succession to Eden 2657:John Foster Dulles 2625:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2491: 2432:Industrial Charter 2388:for two months in 2359:Nazi collaborators 2343:Operation Keelhaul 2225: 2059: 2024:Ministry of Supply 1779:, daughter of the 1719:Joseph Chamberlain 1701:Macmillan married 1532:Literae Humaniores 1527:Honour Moderations 1501:David Lloyd George 1310:post-war consensus 689:Hereditary peerage 587:Ministry of Supply 510:Office established 456:Archibald Sinclair 252:Peter Thorneycroft 18795:English Anglicans 18790:Earls of Stockton 18690: 18689: 18684: 18683: 18601:Tom, Lord Denning 18576:Mandy Rice-Davies 18498: 18497: 18478: 18477: 18235: 18234: 18077:Richard Snetisham 18062:Richard Courtenay 18052:Richard Courtenay 18032:Richard Ullerston 18027:Richard Courtenay 17997: 17996: 17944:Thomas Brightwell 17929:Nicholas Hereford 17904:Adam de Toneworth 17884:Adam de Toneworth 17879:William Courtenay 17874:Adam de Toneworth 17869:John de Echingham 17859:Nicholas de Aston 17854:Richard FitzRalph 17814:John de Northwode 17804:Walter de Scauren 17669:Roger de Martival 17639:Robert Winchelsey 17584:Henry de Cicestre 17451: 17450: 17447: 17446: 17211:Foreign Secretary 17201:Sir John Anderson 17135:Winston Churchill 17131:Caretaker Cabinet 17097: 17096: 17093: 17092: 17065:The Lord Cherwell 17057:Paymaster General 16908:Winston Churchill 16889:The Lord Leathers 16789:Foreign Secretary 16612: 16611: 16582: 16581: 16578: 16577: 16450: 16449: 16382: 16381: 16378: 16377: 16327:Tory Reform Group 16247:Cornerstone Group 15988: 15987: 15984: 15983: 15796: 15795: 15609: 15608: 15605: 15604: 15092: 14972: 14971: 14968: 14967: 14880:Electoral history 14789: 14788: 14691:Michael Heseltine 14591:Winston Churchill 14571:Winston Churchill 14537:Sir Thomas Inskip 14478: 14477: 13893: 13892: 12972: 12971: 12301: 12300: 12127:Maurice Macmillan 12047: 12046: 12038:Succeeded by 12003:Succeeded by 11981:Academic offices 11971:Succeeded by 11963:Minister Resident 11951:Diplomatic posts 11941:Succeeded by 11909:Succeeded by 11882:Succeeded by 11856:Foreign Secretary 11836:Succeeded by 11809:Succeeded by 11797: 11772:Succeeded by 11745:Succeeded by 11718:Succeeded by 11686:Succeeded by 11652:Succeeded by 11618:Succeeded by 11439:978-0-582-55386-6 11340:978-0-7043-2232-5 11326:978-0-04-923013-2 11318:Allen & Unwin 11297:978-0-14-100409-9 11247:978-0-00-743585-2 11231:(Springer, 2013). 11216:978-0-00-653163-0 11203:(Springer, 2016). 11166:978-0-753-82702-4 11151:Williams, Charles 11118:978-1-844-13541-7 11077:978-0-349-11530-6 11046:978-1-85898-371-4 11027:978-0-719-55392-9 11006:978-0-224-01862-3 10978:978-0-230-71083-2 10956:978-0-333-49621-3 10932:978-0-333-27691-4 10885:978-0-297-77914-8 10853:978-1-845-95091-0 10806:978-1-904950-66-0 10596:on 4 January 2017 10590:Uk.news.yahoo.com 10184:Total Sense Media 9556:. 28 March 2013. 9229:(Springer, 2013). 8743:(4 July US Navy). 8683:(1 January 1988). 8670:(2 January 1988). 8635:(3 January 1988). 8329:Colin Seymour-Ure 8277:Gyles Brandreth. 8255:, pp. 5, 13. 8215:, pp. 77–78. 8132:Andrew Goodpaster 8047:(1991) pp. 130–40 8031:, pp. 73–74. 7978:Bertjan Verbeek, 7703:. 5 February 1954 7607:Harold Nicolson: 7278:, pp. 78–79. 7098:, pp. 32–33. 6857:978-1-4039-3990-6 6441:, pp. 19–26. 6337:. 25 March 2016. 6260:, pp. 14–15. 5984:Reginald Maudling 5884:John Scott Maclay 5809:Reginald Maudling 5711:John Scott Maclay 5648:Reginald Maudling 5525:John Scott Maclay 5462:Reginald Maudling 5365:Reginald Maudling 5296:John Scott Maclay 5187: 5186: 5183: 5182: 4762:Earls of Stockton 4716:the Establishment 4704:Dominic Sandbrook 4674:George Hutchinson 4643:DePauw University 4592:Westminster Abbey 4457:Death and funeral 4414:Tory Reform Group 4288:Margaret Thatcher 4280:Margaret Thatcher 4026:Hugh Trevor-Roper 3975:Alec Douglas-Home 3912:Reginald Maudling 3821:1960 U-2 incident 3808:Charles de Gaulle 3787:(EC) to form the 3594:Northern Rhodesia 3564:Devlin Commission 3466:David Ormsby-Gore 3454:Laotian civil war 3267:ballistic missile 3087:Nikita Khrushchev 3011:Domestic policies 2917:Philip de Zulueta 2872: 2871: 2843:Alec Douglas-Home 2827:10 Downing Street 2536:Foreign Secretary 2461:Macmillan became 2425:Winston Churchill 2421:Council of Europe 2331:General Keightley 2273:General Alexander 2269:Operation Dragoon 2205:Air Chief Marshal 2179:Charles de Gaulle 2138:Foreign Secretary 2057:Macmillan in 1942 2043:armoured vehicles 1781:4th Baron Harlech 1549:second lieutenant 1279:Foreign Secretary 1275:Winston Churchill 1209: 1208: 1197:British War Medal 908: 907: 839: 838: 640: 639: 611:Winston Churchill 551:Winston Churchill 499:Winston Churchill 475:Minister Resident 444:Winston Churchill 390:Winston Churchill 336:Winston Churchill 183:Alec Douglas-Home 141:Alec Douglas-Home 68:Macmillan in 1959 16:(Redirected from 18962: 18935:UK MPs 1959–1964 18930:UK MPs 1955–1959 18925:UK MPs 1951–1955 18920:UK MPs 1950–1951 18915:UK MPs 1945–1950 18910:UK MPs 1935–1945 18905:UK MPs 1931–1935 18900:UK MPs 1924–1929 18825:Macmillan family 18725:Harold Macmillan 18707: 18706: 18705: 18698: 18650:(2019 TV series) 18591:Harold Macmillan 18581:Mariella Novotny 18566:Johnny Edgecombe 18551:Christine Keeler 18525: 18518: 18511: 18502: 18501: 18492: 18488: 18360:Richard Cromwell 18320:Richard Bancroft 18241: 18240: 18212:Lionel Woodville 18202:Thomas Chaundler 18182:Thomas Gascoigne 18172:Thomas Gascoigne 18162:Richard Roderham 18142:Thomas Bourchier 18067:William Sulburge 18057:William Sulburge 18047:William Sulburge 18042:Thomas Prestbury 18017:Philip Repyngdon 18003: 18002: 17979:Philip Repyngdon 17969:Robert Arlyngton 17964:Thomas Prestbury 17764:Roger de Streton 17709:William de Bosco 17689:James de Cobeham 17684:Richard de Clyve 17674:Peter de Medburn 17654:John of Monmouth 17629:William Pikerell 17614:Henry de Stanton 17599:William de Bosco 17559:Gilbert de Biham 17524:Richard Batchden 17495: 17494: 17487: 17478: 17471: 17464: 17455: 17454: 17403:Oliver Lyttelton 17291:Harold Macmillan 17183:Lord Beaverbrook 17168: 17144: 17143: 17124: 17117: 17110: 17101: 17100: 17046:The Lord Woolton 17027:The Lord Woolton 16983:Harold Macmillan 16964:Harry Crookshank 16945:Sir David Eccles 16920:Harold Macmillan 16870:Alan Lennox-Boyd 16864:Oliver Lyttelton 16797:Sir Anthony Eden 16759:Harry Crookshank 16728:The Lord Woolton 16703:The Lord Simonds 16688: 16659: 16658: 16639: 16632: 16625: 16616: 16615: 16604: 16603: 16602: 16594: 16593: 16592: 16467: 16466: 16456: 16455: 16388: 16387: 16062:Factional groups 16026:Sectional groups 16005: 16004: 15994: 15993: 15813: 15812: 15802: 15801: 15679:Major re-elected 15615: 15614: 15264: 15263:Chairmen (1911–) 15159: 15108: 15093: 15087: 15062: 15061:House of Commons 14995: 14989: 14988: 14978: 14977: 14915:Coalition Coupon 14844: 14843: 14833: 14832: 14825: 14816: 14809: 14802: 14793: 14792: 14761:Gavin Williamson 14716:George Robertson 14711:Michael Portillo 14626:Harold Watkinson 14601:Harold Macmillan 14596:Harold Alexander 14554: 14517: 14516: 14505: 14498: 14491: 14482: 14481: 14467: 14455: 14454: 14290: 13932: 13931: 13920: 13913: 13906: 13897: 13896: 13282:of Great Britain 12999: 12992: 12985: 12976: 12975: 12965: 12961: 12960: 12945: 12938: 12931: 12924: 12917: 12910: 12903: 12896: 12889: 12882: 12875: 12868: 12861: 12854: 12847: 12840: 12833: 12826: 12819: 12812: 12805: 12798: 12791: 12784: 12777: 12770: 12763: 12756: 12749: 12742: 12735: 12728: 12721: 12714: 12707: 12700: 12693: 12686: 12679: 12672: 12665: 12658: 12651: 12644: 12637: 12630: 12623: 12616: 12609: 12602: 12595: 12588: 12581: 12574: 12567: 12560: 12553: 12546: 12539: 12532: 12525: 12518: 12511: 12509:Pitt the Younger 12504: 12497: 12495:Pitt the Younger 12477: 12475:Pitt the Younger 12470: 12463: 12456: 12449: 12442: 12435: 12428: 12421: 12414: 12407: 12400: 12393: 12386: 12379: 12372: 12370:Walpole (Orford) 12341: 12334: 12327: 12318: 12317: 12305: 12304: 12283:Earl of Stockton 12192:Beeching reports 12147:(brother-in-law) 12115:Daniel MacMillan 12094:Stockton-on-Tees 12073: 12066: 12059: 12050: 12049: 12027:Earl of Stockton 11986:Preceded by 11927:Sir Anthony Eden 11924:Preceded by 11895:Sir Anthony Eden 11892:Preceded by 11865:Preceded by 11849:Sir Anthony Eden 11846:Preceded by 11819:Preceded by 11788: 11782:Preceded by 11755:Preceded by 11728:Preceded by 11701:Preceded by 11662:Preceded by 11639:Stockton-on-Tees 11628:Preceded by 11605:Stockton-on-Tees 11594:Preceded by 11584: 11583: 11567: 11562: 11550: 11443: 11410:(London, 1986), 11349:, London, 2002. 11189: 11170: 11156:Harold Macmillan 11122: 11100: 11081: 11062: 11050: 11031: 11010: 10998: 10982: 10960: 10936: 10912: 10889: 10875:Harold Macmillan 10857: 10845: 10831: 10810: 10793:Beckett, Francis 10788: 10770: 10748: 10742: 10736: 10730: 10724: 10718: 10712: 10705: 10699: 10693: 10687: 10681: 10675: 10669: 10663: 10657: 10648: 10642: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10631: 10612: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10601: 10592:. Archived from 10582: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10571: 10552: 10546: 10545: 10543: 10541: 10522: 10516: 10515: 10504: 10498: 10497: 10495: 10493: 10474: 10468: 10467: 10457: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10398: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10387: 10365: 10359: 10353: 10347: 10346: 10339: 10330: 10329: 10321: 10310: 10309: 10302: 10296: 10295: 10293: 10291: 10274: 10268: 10267: 10259: 10250: 10249: 10241: 10230: 10229: 10223: 10221: 10209: 10201: 10195: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10171: 10165: 10159: 10153: 10152: 10138: 10132: 10131: 10113: 10107: 10106: 10098: 10092: 10091: 10080: 10074: 10073: 10055: 10046: 10040: 10034: 10028: 10022: 10021: 10003: 9994: 9993: 9975: 9966: 9960: 9954: 9953: 9938: 9932: 9931: 9916: 9910: 9904: 9898: 9892: 9883: 9882: 9869: 9863: 9856: 9850: 9844: 9838: 9832: 9826: 9820: 9814: 9807: 9801: 9795: 9789: 9788: 9781: 9768: 9767: 9756: 9750: 9743: 9737: 9730: 9724: 9723: 9702: 9696: 9690: 9684: 9678: 9669: 9663: 9657: 9651: 9645: 9639: 9633: 9627: 9621: 9615: 9609: 9608: 9603:. 17 June 1963. 9591: 9585: 9580: 9574: 9571: 9562: 9561: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9528: 9522: 9516: 9510: 9507: 9498: 9492: 9486: 9480: 9471: 9465: 9459: 9442: 9436: 9433: 9418: 9412: 9406: 9400: 9394: 9388: 9382: 9376: 9370: 9364: 9353: 9347: 9341: 9335: 9329: 9323: 9312: 9306: 9300: 9294: 9283: 9282: 9267: 9261: 9254: 9248: 9245: 9230: 9223: 9217: 9211: 9202: 9196: 9187: 9181: 9172: 9166: 9153: 9146: 9140: 9134: 9128: 9122: 9116: 9115:, p. 22-23. 9110: 9104: 9098: 9092: 9086: 9080: 9074: 9065: 9059: 9050: 9044: 9038: 9032: 9023: 9017: 9008: 9002: 8993: 8987: 8981: 8975: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8964: 8948: 8942: 8936: 8930: 8924: 8918: 8912: 8906: 8900: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8889: 8870: 8861: 8860: 8855:. 5 April 2005. 8849: 8843: 8837: 8831: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8792: 8786: 8780: 8774: 8768: 8762: 8756: 8750: 8744: 8738: 8732: 8729: 8723: 8716: 8710: 8703: 8697: 8690: 8684: 8677: 8671: 8664: 8658: 8651: 8645: 8642: 8636: 8629: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8618: 8598:(5): 1059–1082. 8581: 8575: 8568: 8562: 8555: 8549: 8543: 8537: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8489:. Policy Press. 8480: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8455:. Edward Elgar. 8446: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8416:. Policy Press. 8407: 8401: 8398: 8392: 8382: 8376: 8370: 8364: 8358: 8349: 8342: 8336: 8326: 8320: 8317: 8296: 8293: 8282: 8275: 8269: 8262: 8256: 8250: 8241: 8234: 8228: 8222: 8216: 8210: 8204: 8198: 8192: 8186: 8180: 8174: 8168: 8162: 8156: 8150: 8144: 8114: 8108: 8102: 8096: 8090: 8084: 8078: 8072: 8066: 8060: 8054: 8048: 8041: 8032: 8026: 8020: 8013: 8007: 8001: 7995: 7989: 7983: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7958: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7885: 7879: 7873: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7848: 7842: 7836: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7742:(16 April 1955). 7735: 7729: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7710: 7708: 7698: 7691: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7667: 7661: 7655: 7649: 7646:Tides of Fortune 7642: 7636: 7630: 7624: 7618: 7612: 7605: 7599: 7596:Tides of Fortune 7592: 7586: 7583:Tides of Fortune 7579: 7573: 7567: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7527: 7521: 7510: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7486: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7403: 7397: 7391: 7385: 7379: 7373: 7367: 7358: 7352: 7346: 7340: 7334: 7328: 7319: 7313: 7304: 7298: 7292: 7285: 7279: 7273: 7267: 7261: 7255: 7249: 7243: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7204: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7149: 7143: 7137: 7131: 7125: 7114: 7108: 7099: 7093: 7084: 7078: 7067: 7061: 7055: 7048: 7042: 7039:Evening Standard 7035: 7029: 7022: 7016: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6959: 6953: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6916: 6893: 6887: 6880: 6874: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6814: 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6784: 6779: 6766: 6760: 6754: 6748: 6742: 6736: 6732: 6726: 6720: 6714: 6708: 6702: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6633: 6627: 6624: 6618: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6587: 6581: 6578: 6572: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6529: 6523: 6522: 6509: 6503: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6442: 6436: 6430: 6423: 6417: 6411: 6405: 6399: 6390: 6389: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6326: 6320: 6314: 6308: 6302: 6296: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6246: 6241:Peter Hennessy, 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6183: 6166: 6160: 6154: 6148: 6108:Sir Keith Joseph 6042:Sir Edward Boyle 6024:Frederick Erroll 5845:Sir David Eccles 5827:Frederick Erroll 5666:Sir David Eccles 5480:Sir David Eccles 5253:Alan Lennox-Boyd 5167: 5165: 5153: 5151: 5139: 5137: 5121: 5119: 5051: 5049: 5018: 5016: 4858:Earl of Stockton 4781:Daniel MacMillan 4769: 4768: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4733: 4732: 4626:Bodleian Library 4550:St Giles' Church 4532:Shridath Ramphal 4475:Humphry Berkeley 4368:Earl of Stockton 4131:Riding the Storm 3892:Christine Keeler 3801:Lord Beaverbrook 3773:Nassau agreement 3555:Kenyan Emergency 3414:Ahti Karjalainen 3185:Second World War 3061:Sudhi Ranjan Das 3057:Ashoke Kumar Sen 3025:Offices Act 1960 3021:Housing Act 1957 2888:Anthony Trollope 2860: 2785:Harold Macmillan 2760: 2758: 2745: 2738: 2737: 2685:Winthrop Aldrich 2575:William D. Clark 2237:Salerno Landings 2158:Richard Crossman 2146:Oliver Lyttelton 2122:Harry Crookshank 2071:House of Commons 2039:Lord Beaverbrook 2004:Rule, Britannia! 1887:House of Commons 1856:Stockton-on-Tees 1793:; five children. 1743:Kathleen Kennedy 1587:in the original 1573:Chelsea Barracks 1557:Grenadier Guards 1419:Daniel MacMillan 1415:Spencer, Indiana 1382:Vassall Tribunal 1369:Nuclear Test Ban 1357:National Service 1338:age of affluence 1326:deficit spending 1267:Stockton-on-Tees 1233: 1228: 1221: 1151:Grenadier Guards 1114:Military service 1109: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 965: 962:29 December 1986 952:10 February 1894 951: 949: 933:Personal details 899: 887: 878: 853: 852: 830: 818: 809: 795: 783: 774: 764:Stockton-on-Tees 748: 736: 727: 701: 692: 654: 653: 631: 619: 607: 598: 588: 571: 559: 547: 538: 517: 507: 495: 486: 464: 452: 440: 431: 410: 398: 386: 377: 356: 344: 332: 323: 302: 290: 278: 269: 248: 236: 224: 215: 190: 189: 179: 167: 158: 137: 125: 118: 110: 89: 66: 56: 32: 31: 21: 18970: 18969: 18965: 18964: 18963: 18961: 18960: 18959: 18715: 18714: 18713: 18703: 18701: 18693: 18691: 18686: 18685: 18680: 18662: 18610: 18534: 18529: 18499: 18494: 18490: 18474: 18375:Gilbert Sheldon 18355:Oliver Cromwell 18246: 18231: 18117:Thomas Rodborne 18008: 17993: 17989:Thomas Hyndeman 17974:Thomas Hyndeman 17909:Robert Aylesham 17769:Nigel de Wavere 17634:Hervey de Saham 17624:Roger de Rowell 17554:Simon de Bovill 17549:Ralph de Heyham 17539:John de Rygater 17534:Simon de Bovill 17500: 17489: 17485: 17482: 17452: 17443: 17439:Sir P. J. Grigg 17425: 17407: 17393: 17385: 17367: 17349: 17331: 17313: 17295: 17277: 17259: 17255:Brendan Bracken 17241: 17223: 17205: 17187: 17175:Lord Privy Seal 17169: 17160: 17138: 17137:(May–July 1945) 17128: 17098: 17089: 17070: 17051: 17032: 17013: 16994: 16969: 16950: 16925: 16894: 16875: 16850: 16831: 16812:Welsh Secretary 16810: 16802: 16783: 16764: 16745:Lord Privy Seal 16739: 16714: 16695:Lord Chancellor 16689: 16680: 16665: 16653: 16643: 16613: 16608: 16600: 16598: 16590: 16588: 16574: 16561: 16555: 16549: 16543: 16537: 16531: 16520: 16514: 16502: 16494: 16483: 16477: 16461: 16460:Party alliances 16446: 16437:Policy Exchange 16393: 16374: 16341: 16292:No Turning Back 16057: 16021: 15999: 15980: 15964: 15948: 15932: 15901: 15885: 15862: 15846: 15807: 15806:Party structure 15792: 15620: 15601: 15563: 15262: 15256: 15158:Leaders (1922–) 15157: 15151: 15096: 15086: 15064: 15060: 15054: 14997: 14993: 14983: 14964: 14900:Primrose League 14858: 14838: 14827: 14823: 14820: 14790: 14785: 14706:Malcolm Rifkind 14661:Lord Carrington 14642: 14635: 14581:A. V. Alexander 14562: 14555: 14546: 14528: 14521: 14511: 14509: 14479: 14474: 14442: 14410: 14404: 14297: 14291: 14282: 13936: 13926: 13924: 13894: 13889: 13876: 13762:Heathcoat-Amory 13479: 13472: 13276: 13008: 13003: 12973: 12968: 12956: 12948: 12941: 12934: 12927: 12920: 12913: 12906: 12899: 12892: 12885: 12878: 12871: 12864: 12857: 12850: 12843: 12836: 12829: 12822: 12815: 12808: 12801: 12794: 12787: 12780: 12773: 12766: 12759: 12752: 12745: 12738: 12731: 12724: 12717: 12710: 12703: 12696: 12689: 12682: 12675: 12668: 12661: 12654: 12647: 12640: 12633: 12626: 12619: 12612: 12605: 12598: 12591: 12584: 12577: 12570: 12563: 12556: 12549: 12542: 12535: 12528: 12521: 12514: 12507: 12500: 12493: 12480: 12473: 12466: 12459: 12452: 12445: 12438: 12431: 12424: 12417: 12410: 12403: 12396: 12389: 12382: 12375: 12368: 12355: 12345: 12310: 12302: 12297: 12248: 12213: 12150: 12103: 12082: 12077: 12043: 12034: 12029: 12008: 11999: 11991: 11976: 11967: 11946: 11937: 11929: 11914: 11905: 11897: 11887: 11878: 11870: 11859: 11851: 11841: 11832: 11824: 11814: 11805: 11787: 11777: 11768: 11760: 11750: 11741: 11733: 11723: 11714: 11706: 11691: 11676: 11667: 11657: 11655:George Chetwynd 11642: 11633: 11623: 11608: 11599: 11553: 11524:Wayback Machine 11480:Wayback Machine 11469: 11455: 11453:Primary sources 11440: 11285:Hennessy, Peter 11196: 11194:Further reading 11186: 11167: 11119: 11097: 11078: 11047: 11028: 11007: 10987:Howard, Anthony 10979: 10965:Horne, Alistair 10957: 10941:Horne, Alistair 10933: 10917:Horne, Alistair 10909: 10886: 10854: 10828: 10807: 10768: 10764:(August 2005). 10762:Ashton, Nigel J 10757: 10752: 10751: 10743: 10739: 10731: 10727: 10719: 10715: 10706: 10702: 10694: 10690: 10682: 10678: 10670: 10666: 10658: 10651: 10643: 10639: 10629: 10627: 10614: 10613: 10609: 10599: 10597: 10584: 10583: 10579: 10569: 10567: 10554: 10553: 10549: 10539: 10537: 10524: 10523: 10519: 10506: 10505: 10501: 10491: 10489: 10482:Bodley.ox.ac.uk 10476: 10475: 10471: 10429: 10425: 10415: 10413: 10400: 10399: 10395: 10385: 10383: 10366: 10362: 10354: 10350: 10340: 10333: 10323: 10322: 10313: 10303: 10299: 10289: 10287: 10275: 10271: 10261: 10260: 10253: 10242: 10233: 10219: 10217: 10202: 10198: 10188: 10186: 10172: 10168: 10160: 10156: 10139: 10135: 10128: 10114: 10110: 10100: 10099: 10095: 10081: 10077: 10070: 10056: 10049: 10041: 10037: 10029: 10025: 10004: 9997: 9990: 9976: 9969: 9961: 9957: 9940: 9939: 9935: 9918: 9917: 9913: 9905: 9901: 9893: 9886: 9870: 9866: 9857: 9853: 9845: 9841: 9833: 9829: 9821: 9817: 9809:Richard Vinen: 9808: 9804: 9796: 9792: 9782: 9771: 9758: 9757: 9753: 9744: 9740: 9731: 9727: 9720: 9703: 9699: 9691: 9687: 9679: 9672: 9664: 9660: 9652: 9648: 9640: 9636: 9628: 9624: 9616: 9612: 9593: 9592: 9588: 9581: 9577: 9572: 9565: 9548: 9547: 9543: 9530: 9529: 9525: 9517: 9513: 9508: 9501: 9493: 9489: 9481: 9474: 9466: 9462: 9456:Wayback Machine 9444:George Wilkes, 9443: 9439: 9434: 9421: 9413: 9409: 9401: 9397: 9389: 9385: 9377: 9373: 9365: 9356: 9348: 9344: 9336: 9332: 9324: 9315: 9307: 9303: 9295: 9286: 9269: 9268: 9264: 9255: 9251: 9246: 9233: 9224: 9220: 9212: 9205: 9197: 9190: 9182: 9175: 9167: 9156: 9147: 9143: 9135: 9131: 9123: 9119: 9111: 9107: 9099: 9095: 9087: 9083: 9075: 9068: 9060: 9053: 9045: 9041: 9033: 9026: 9018: 9011: 9003: 8996: 8988: 8984: 8976: 8972: 8962: 8960: 8949: 8945: 8937: 8933: 8925: 8921: 8913: 8909: 8901: 8897: 8887: 8885: 8872: 8871: 8864: 8851: 8850: 8846: 8838: 8834: 8825: 8823: 8812: 8811: 8807: 8799: 8795: 8787: 8783: 8775: 8771: 8763: 8759: 8751: 8747: 8739: 8735: 8730: 8726: 8717: 8713: 8704: 8700: 8691: 8687: 8678: 8674: 8668:Financial Times 8665: 8661: 8652: 8648: 8643: 8639: 8630: 8626: 8616: 8614: 8582: 8578: 8569: 8565: 8556: 8552: 8544: 8540: 8532: 8528: 8520: 8516: 8506: 8504: 8497: 8481: 8477: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8447: 8443: 8433: 8431: 8424: 8408: 8404: 8399: 8395: 8383: 8379: 8371: 8367: 8359: 8352: 8343: 8339: 8327: 8323: 8318: 8299: 8294: 8285: 8276: 8272: 8263: 8259: 8251: 8244: 8235: 8231: 8223: 8219: 8211: 8207: 8199: 8195: 8187: 8183: 8175: 8171: 8163: 8159: 8151: 8147: 8129:Staff Secretary 8115: 8111: 8103: 8099: 8091: 8087: 8079: 8075: 8067: 8063: 8055: 8051: 8043:Diane B. Kunz, 8042: 8035: 8027: 8023: 8014: 8010: 8002: 7998: 7990: 7986: 7977: 7973: 7965: 7961: 7955:Vernon Bogdanor 7945:Wayback Machine 7936: 7932: 7921: 7917: 7909: 7905: 7895:Wayback Machine 7886: 7882: 7874: 7870: 7862: 7858: 7849: 7845: 7837: 7830: 7822: 7818: 7810: 7806: 7798: 7794: 7786: 7782: 7774: 7770: 7762: 7758: 7750: 7746: 7736: 7732: 7724: 7720: 7706: 7704: 7693: 7692: 7688: 7680: 7676: 7668: 7664: 7656: 7652: 7643: 7639: 7631: 7627: 7619: 7615: 7606: 7602: 7593: 7589: 7580: 7576: 7568: 7564: 7554: 7552: 7531:Ferdinand Mount 7528: 7524: 7511: 7507: 7499: 7495: 7487: 7483: 7475: 7471: 7463: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7439: 7435: 7427: 7423: 7404: 7400: 7392: 7388: 7380: 7376: 7368: 7361: 7353: 7349: 7341: 7337: 7329: 7322: 7314: 7307: 7299: 7295: 7286: 7282: 7274: 7270: 7262: 7258: 7250: 7246: 7238: 7234: 7226: 7222: 7214: 7210: 7205: 7201: 7193: 7189: 7150: 7146: 7138: 7134: 7126: 7117: 7109: 7102: 7094: 7087: 7079: 7070: 7062: 7058: 7049: 7045: 7036: 7032: 7023: 7019: 7009:Wayback Machine 6999: 6995: 6987: 6983: 6973: 6971: 6960: 6956: 6948: 6944: 6936: 6932: 6924: 6920: 6914: 6894: 6890: 6884:Walter Monckton 6881: 6877: 6869: 6865: 6858: 6850:. p. 210. 6840: 6836: 6829: 6815: 6811: 6803: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6767: 6763: 6755: 6751: 6743: 6739: 6733: 6729: 6721: 6717: 6709: 6705: 6697: 6693: 6685: 6681: 6673: 6669: 6661: 6657: 6646: 6644: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6625: 6621: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6588: 6584: 6579: 6575: 6570: 6566: 6550: 6546: 6530: 6526: 6510: 6506: 6501: 6497: 6489: 6485: 6480: 6476: 6468: 6464: 6456: 6445: 6437: 6433: 6424: 6420: 6412: 6408: 6400: 6393: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6370: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6315: 6311: 6303: 6299: 6291: 6287: 6276:The Independent 6268: 6264: 6256: 6249: 6240: 6236: 6228: 6224: 6216: 6212: 6202: 6200: 6185: 6184: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6169: 6161: 6157: 6149: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6129: 5979:Lord Privy Seal 5960:Lord Chancellor 5926: 5777:Lord Privy Seal 5758:Lord Chancellor 5747: 5598:Lord Privy Seal 5579:Lord Chancellor 5568: 5417:Lord Privy Seal 5395:Lord Chancellor 5381: 5226:Lord Privy Seal 5208:Lord Chancellor 5197: 5192: 5162: 5160: 5148: 5146: 5134: 5132: 5123: 5116: 5114: 5046: 5044: 5029: 5020: 5013: 5011: 4928: 4926: 4885: 4883: 4820: 4783: 4760: 4730: 4664: 4606:(FRS) in 1962. 4600: 4558:Prince of Wales 4524:winds of change 4499:James Callaghan 4459: 4434:British Telecom 4272: 4245: 4195: 4156:Peter Catterall 4038: 4018: 3994: 3959: 3951:prostate cancer 3920: 3876: 3852: 3817: 3781: 3769:Robert McNamara 3753:Skybolt missile 3737:John F. Kennedy 3729: 3519: 3435: 3402: 3319: 3314: 3298: 3280:, which caused 3251:nuclear bombers 3162: 3160:Nuclear weapons 3118:Said bin Taimur 3049: 3013: 2997:insider trading 2993:Bank of England 2981:monetary policy 2940: 2883: 2878: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2861: 2848: 2847: 2846: 2840: 2786: 2781: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2736: 2705:Philip Goodhart 2673: 2605: 2559: 2554: 2532: 2483: 2455: 2450: 2414:Harold Nicolson 2412:. In his diary 2398: 2375: 2351:Josip Broz Tito 2324:Truman Doctrine 2134:Operation Torch 2118: 2110:Brendan Bracken 2102:Harold Nicolson 2090:Colonial Empire 2051: 2035:Royal Air Force 2012: 1973: 1965:Danzig corridor 1923:Stanley Baldwin 1919:"Chips" Channon 1899: 1852: 1847: 1811: 1747:John F. Kennedy 1699: 1675: 1662: 1623: 1593:Raymond Asquith 1545: 1523:Walter Monckton 1439: 1403: 1398: 1332:and pursuit of 1330:maintain demand 1302:One Nation Tory 1226: 1219: 1215: 1201: 1185:Military awards 1180: 1164:First World War 1097: 1079:Civilian awards 1074: 1028: 1012: 1008: 1005: 987:Political party 967: 963: 954:London, England 953: 947: 945: 944: 943: 897: 885: 879: 874: 858: 828: 816: 810: 805: 799:George Chetwynd 793: 781: 775: 770: 761: 746: 740:Edward Campbell 734: 728: 723: 714: 699: 693: 686: 681: 659: 629: 617: 605: 599: 594: 586: 569: 557: 545: 539: 534: 515: 505: 493: 487: 482: 462: 450: 438: 432: 427: 408: 396: 384: 378: 373: 354: 342: 330: 324: 319: 300: 288: 276: 270: 265: 246: 234: 222: 216: 211: 195: 177: 165: 159: 154: 135: 123: 116: 108:First Secretary 106: 90: 85: 69: 57: 44: 42: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 18968: 18958: 18957: 18952: 18947: 18942: 18937: 18932: 18927: 18922: 18917: 18912: 18907: 18902: 18897: 18892: 18887: 18882: 18877: 18872: 18867: 18862: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18832: 18827: 18822: 18817: 18812: 18807: 18802: 18797: 18792: 18787: 18782: 18777: 18772: 18767: 18762: 18757: 18752: 18747: 18742: 18737: 18732: 18727: 18712: 18711: 18709:United Kingdom 18688: 18687: 18682: 18681: 18679: 18678: 18670: 18668: 18664: 18663: 18661: 18660: 18651: 18643: 18642:(2013 musical) 18635: 18627: 18618: 18616: 18612: 18611: 18609: 18608: 18603: 18598: 18593: 18588: 18583: 18578: 18573: 18568: 18563: 18561:Yevgeny Ivanov 18558: 18553: 18548: 18542: 18540: 18539:Notable people 18536: 18535: 18532:Profumo affair 18528: 18527: 18520: 18513: 18505: 18496: 18495: 18483: 18480: 18479: 18476: 18475: 18473: 18472: 18467: 18462: 18457: 18452: 18447: 18442: 18437: 18432: 18427: 18422: 18417: 18412: 18407: 18402: 18397: 18392: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18347: 18342: 18337: 18332: 18327: 18322: 18317: 18312: 18307: 18305:Thomas Bromley 18302: 18297: 18292: 18287: 18282: 18277: 18272: 18267: 18265:William Warham 18262: 18257: 18251: 18248: 18247: 18237: 18236: 18233: 18232: 18230: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18217:William Dudley 18214: 18209: 18207:George Neville 18204: 18199: 18197:George Neville 18194: 18189: 18187:Robert Thwaits 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18147:John Carpenter 18144: 18139: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18122:Walter Trengof 18119: 18114: 18112:Walter Trengof 18109: 18104: 18102:Walter Trengof 18099: 18094: 18092:William Barrow 18089: 18084: 18082:William Barrow 18079: 18074: 18072:William Barrow 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18013: 18010: 18009: 17999: 17998: 17995: 17994: 17992: 17991: 17986: 17984:Henry Beaufort 17981: 17976: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17956: 17951: 17949:Thomas Cranley 17946: 17941: 17936: 17931: 17926: 17921: 17919:William Berton 17916: 17911: 17906: 17901: 17896: 17891: 17886: 17881: 17876: 17871: 17866: 17864:John de Renham 17861: 17856: 17851: 17849:John de Hotham 17846: 17841: 17839:John de Hotham 17836: 17834:Lewis Charlton 17831: 17826: 17821: 17816: 17811: 17806: 17801: 17796: 17791: 17789:Robert Paynink 17786: 17781: 17776: 17771: 17766: 17761: 17756: 17751: 17746: 17741: 17739:John Lutterell 17736: 17731: 17726: 17721: 17719:Walter Giffard 17716: 17711: 17706: 17701: 17696: 17691: 17686: 17681: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17661: 17659:Simon of Ghent 17656: 17651: 17649:John de Ludlow 17646: 17641: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17621: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17505: 17502: 17501: 17491: 17490: 17481: 17480: 17473: 17466: 17458: 17449: 17448: 17445: 17444: 17442: 17441: 17435: 17433: 17427: 17426: 17424: 17423: 17417: 17415: 17409: 17408: 17406: 17405: 17399: 17397: 17387: 17386: 17384: 17383: 17377: 17375: 17369: 17368: 17366: 17365: 17359: 17357: 17351: 17350: 17348: 17347: 17341: 17339: 17333: 17332: 17330: 17329: 17323: 17321: 17315: 17314: 17312: 17311: 17309:Oliver Stanley 17305: 17303: 17297: 17296: 17294: 17293: 17287: 17285: 17279: 17278: 17276: 17275: 17269: 17267: 17261: 17260: 17258: 17257: 17251: 17249: 17243: 17242: 17240: 17239: 17233: 17231: 17229:Home Secretary 17225: 17224: 17222: 17221: 17215: 17213: 17207: 17206: 17204: 17203: 17197: 17195: 17189: 17188: 17186: 17185: 17179: 17177: 17171: 17170: 17163: 17161: 17159: 17158: 17152: 17150: 17140: 17139: 17127: 17126: 17119: 17112: 17104: 17095: 17094: 17091: 17090: 17088: 17087: 17080: 17078: 17072: 17071: 17069: 17068: 17061: 17059: 17053: 17052: 17050: 17049: 17042: 17040: 17034: 17033: 17031: 17030: 17023: 17021: 17015: 17014: 17012: 17011: 17004: 17002: 16996: 16995: 16993: 16992: 16986: 16979: 16977: 16971: 16970: 16968: 16967: 16960: 16958: 16952: 16951: 16949: 16948: 16942: 16935: 16933: 16927: 16926: 16924: 16923: 16917: 16911: 16904: 16902: 16896: 16895: 16893: 16892: 16885: 16883: 16877: 16876: 16874: 16873: 16867: 16860: 16858: 16852: 16851: 16849: 16848: 16841: 16839: 16833: 16832: 16830: 16829: 16823: 16816: 16814: 16808:Home Secretary 16804: 16803: 16801: 16800: 16793: 16791: 16785: 16784: 16782: 16781: 16774: 16772: 16766: 16765: 16763: 16762: 16756: 16749: 16747: 16741: 16740: 16738: 16737: 16731: 16724: 16722: 16716: 16715: 16713: 16712: 16706: 16699: 16697: 16691: 16690: 16683: 16681: 16679: 16678: 16671: 16669: 16663:Prime Minister 16655: 16654: 16642: 16641: 16634: 16627: 16619: 16610: 16609: 16587: 16584: 16583: 16580: 16579: 16576: 16575: 16573: 16572: 16562: 16556: 16550: 16544: 16538: 16532: 16521: 16515: 16510: 16508: 16504: 16503: 16501: 16500: 16495: 16484: 16478: 16473: 16471: 16463: 16462: 16452: 16451: 16448: 16447: 16445: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16398: 16395: 16394: 16384: 16383: 16380: 16379: 16376: 16375: 16373: 16372: 16367: 16366: 16365: 16360: 16349: 16347: 16343: 16342: 16340: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16324: 16319: 16314: 16309: 16304: 16299: 16294: 16289: 16284: 16279: 16274: 16269: 16264: 16259: 16254: 16249: 16244: 16239: 16234: 16229: 16224: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16194: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16164: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16134: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16065: 16063: 16059: 16058: 16056: 16055: 16050: 16045: 16040: 16035: 16029: 16027: 16023: 16022: 16020: 16019: 16011: 16009: 16001: 16000: 15990: 15989: 15986: 15985: 15982: 15981: 15979: 15978: 15972: 15970: 15966: 15965: 15963: 15962: 15956: 15954: 15950: 15949: 15947: 15946: 15940: 15938: 15934: 15933: 15931: 15930: 15925: 15920: 15915: 15909: 15907: 15903: 15902: 15900: 15899: 15893: 15891: 15887: 15886: 15884: 15883: 15882: 15881: 15874:1922 Committee 15870: 15868: 15864: 15863: 15861: 15860: 15854: 15852: 15848: 15847: 15845: 15844: 15839: 15838: 15837: 15836: 15835: 15819: 15817: 15809: 15808: 15798: 15797: 15794: 15793: 15791: 15790: 15789: 15788: 15778: 15777: 15776: 15766: 15765: 15764: 15754: 15753: 15752: 15742: 15741: 15740: 15730: 15729: 15728: 15718: 15717: 15716: 15706: 15705: 15704: 15694: 15693: 15692: 15682: 15681: 15680: 15672: 15671: 15670: 15660: 15659: 15658: 15650: 15649: 15648: 15638: 15637: 15636: 15625: 15622: 15621: 15611: 15610: 15607: 15606: 15603: 15602: 15600: 15599: 15598: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15571: 15569: 15565: 15564: 15562: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15527: 15518: 15509: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15476: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15443: 15438: 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15292:N. Chamberlain 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15272:Steel-Maitland 15268: 15266: 15258: 15257: 15255: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15177:N. Chamberlain 15174: 15169: 15163: 15161: 15153: 15152: 15150: 15149: 15147:A. Chamberlain 15144: 15139: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15094: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15068: 15066: 15056: 15055: 15053: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15012: 15007: 15001: 14999: 14994:House of Lords 14985: 14984: 14974: 14973: 14970: 14969: 14966: 14965: 14963: 14962: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14942: 14937: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14866: 14864: 14860: 14859: 14857: 14856: 14850: 14848: 14840: 14839: 14829: 14828: 14819: 14818: 14811: 14804: 14796: 14787: 14786: 14784: 14783: 14778: 14773: 14768: 14766:Penny Mordaunt 14763: 14758: 14756:Michael Fallon 14753: 14751:Philip Hammond 14748: 14743: 14738: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14696:George Younger 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14647: 14645: 14637: 14636: 14634: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14586:Manny Shinwell 14583: 14578: 14576:Clement Attlee 14573: 14567: 14565: 14557: 14556: 14549: 14547: 14545: 14544: 14542:Lord Chatfield 14539: 14533: 14531: 14523: 14522: 14508: 14507: 14500: 14493: 14485: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14472: 14460: 14447: 14444: 14443: 14441: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14414: 14412: 14406: 14405: 14403: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14301: 14299: 14293: 14292: 14285: 14283: 14281: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14235: 14230: 14225: 14220: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14200: 14195: 14190: 14185: 14180: 14175: 14170: 14165: 14160: 14155: 14150: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13944: 13942: 13938: 13937: 13923: 13922: 13915: 13908: 13900: 13891: 13890: 13881: 13878: 13877: 13875: 13874: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13712:N. Chamberlain 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13692:N. Chamberlain 13689: 13684: 13679: 13677:A. Chamberlain 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13652:A. Chamberlain 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13484: 13482: 13480:United Kingdom 13474: 13473: 13471: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13286: 13284: 13278: 13277: 13275: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13018: 13016: 13010: 13009: 13002: 13001: 12994: 12987: 12979: 12970: 12969: 12967: 12966: 12953: 12950: 12949: 12947: 12946: 12939: 12932: 12925: 12918: 12911: 12904: 12897: 12890: 12883: 12876: 12869: 12862: 12855: 12848: 12841: 12834: 12827: 12820: 12813: 12806: 12799: 12792: 12785: 12778: 12771: 12764: 12757: 12750: 12743: 12736: 12729: 12722: 12715: 12708: 12701: 12694: 12687: 12680: 12673: 12666: 12659: 12652: 12645: 12638: 12631: 12624: 12617: 12610: 12603: 12596: 12589: 12582: 12575: 12568: 12561: 12554: 12547: 12540: 12533: 12526: 12519: 12516:Lord Grenville 12512: 12505: 12498: 12490: 12488: 12486:United Kingdom 12482: 12481: 12479: 12478: 12471: 12464: 12457: 12450: 12443: 12436: 12429: 12422: 12415: 12408: 12401: 12394: 12387: 12380: 12373: 12365: 12363: 12357: 12356: 12344: 12343: 12336: 12329: 12321: 12315: 12312: 12311: 12299: 12298: 12296: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12266:The Middle Way 12262: 12256: 12254: 12250: 12249: 12247: 12246: 12238: 12230: 12229:(1958 cartoon) 12221: 12219: 12215: 12214: 12212: 12211: 12210: 12209: 12204: 12202:Profumo affair 12199: 12197:Vassall affair 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12164: 12158: 12156: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12148: 12142: 12136: 12130: 12124: 12118: 12111: 12109: 12105: 12104: 12102: 12101: 12096: 12090: 12088: 12087:Constituencies 12084: 12083: 12076: 12075: 12068: 12061: 12053: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12036: 12023: 12017: 12016: 12010: 12009: 12004: 12001: 11992: 11987: 11983: 11982: 11978: 11977: 11974:Harold Balfour 11972: 11969: 11959: 11953: 11952: 11948: 11947: 11942: 11939: 11930: 11925: 11921: 11920: 11916: 11915: 11910: 11907: 11898: 11893: 11889: 11888: 11883: 11880: 11871: 11866: 11862: 11861: 11852: 11847: 11843: 11842: 11837: 11834: 11825: 11820: 11816: 11815: 11810: 11807: 11798: 11783: 11779: 11778: 11773: 11770: 11761: 11756: 11752: 11751: 11746: 11743: 11734: 11729: 11725: 11724: 11719: 11716: 11707: 11704:John Llewellin 11702: 11698: 11697: 11693: 11692: 11687: 11684: 11668: 11663: 11659: 11658: 11653: 11650: 11634: 11629: 11625: 11624: 11619: 11616: 11600: 11595: 11591: 11590: 11582: 11581: 11568: 11551: 11537: 11532: 11526: 11514: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11482: 11468: 11467:External links 11465: 11464: 11463: 11454: 11451: 11450: 11449: 11444: 11438: 11425: 11418: 11402: 11392: 11385: 11375: 11368: 11357: 11343: 11328: 11307: 11300: 11282: 11275: 11268: 11249: 11232: 11225: 11218: 11204: 11195: 11192: 11191: 11190: 11184: 11171: 11165: 11147: 11140:Howard Brenton 11132:Hugh Whitemore 11127:Theatre Record 11123: 11117: 11101: 11095: 11082: 11076: 11063: 11055:Moore, Charles 11051: 11045: 11032: 11026: 11011: 11005: 10983: 10977: 10961: 10955: 10937: 10931: 10913: 10907: 10890: 10884: 10866: 10861:Dell, Edmund. 10859: 10852: 10836:Campbell, John 10832: 10826: 10811: 10805: 10789: 10779:(4): 691–723. 10756: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10737: 10735:, p. 292. 10725: 10723:, p. 214. 10713: 10700: 10698:, p. 367. 10688: 10686:, p. 365. 10676: 10674:, p. 364. 10664: 10662:, p. 369. 10649: 10647:, p. 619. 10637: 10616:"Getty Images" 10607: 10577: 10547: 10517: 10499: 10469: 10423: 10393: 10380:MeasuringWorth 10360: 10348: 10331: 10311: 10297: 10269: 10251: 10231: 10226:Newspapers.com 10196: 10166: 10154: 10133: 10126: 10108: 10093: 10075: 10068: 10047: 10035: 10033:, p. 663. 10023: 9995: 9988: 9967: 9965:, p. 362. 9955: 9933: 9911: 9909:, p. 355. 9899: 9884: 9864: 9851: 9849:, p. 605. 9839: 9837:, p. 266. 9827: 9825:, p. 353. 9815: 9802: 9800:, p. 587. 9790: 9769: 9751: 9738: 9725: 9718: 9697: 9685: 9670: 9668:, p. 491. 9658: 9656:, p. 565. 9646: 9634: 9622: 9620:, p. 488. 9610: 9586: 9575: 9563: 9541: 9523: 9521:, p. 613. 9511: 9499: 9487: 9472: 9460: 9437: 9419: 9417:, p. 230. 9407: 9395: 9383: 9381:, p. 189. 9371: 9369:, p. 190. 9354: 9352:, p. 176. 9342: 9330: 9328:, p. 174. 9313: 9311:, p. 180. 9301: 9299:, p. 181. 9284: 9262: 9256:Toye, Richard 9249: 9231: 9218: 9203: 9201:, p. 714. 9188: 9186:, p. 713. 9173: 9171:, p. 719. 9154: 9141: 9139:, p. 712. 9129: 9127:, p. 710. 9117: 9105: 9093: 9081: 9066: 9064:, p. 709. 9051: 9039: 9037:, p. 707. 9024: 9022:, p. 705. 9009: 9007:, p. 704. 8994: 8982: 8980:, p. 275. 8970: 8951:Garry Keenor. 8943: 8941:, p. 525. 8931: 8929:, p. 524. 8919: 8917:, p. 520. 8907: 8905:, p. 518. 8895: 8862: 8844: 8832: 8805: 8803:, p. 703. 8793: 8791:, p. 702. 8781: 8779:, p. 700. 8769: 8757: 8755:, p. 699. 8745: 8733: 8724: 8711: 8707:Globe and Mail 8698: 8685: 8672: 8659: 8655:Liverpool Echo 8646: 8637: 8624: 8576: 8563: 8550: 8548:, p. 193. 8538: 8536:, p. 214. 8526: 8524:by Norman Lowe 8514: 8495: 8475: 8461: 8441: 8422: 8402: 8393: 8385:David Kynaston 8377: 8375:, p. 407. 8365: 8350: 8337: 8321: 8297: 8283: 8270: 8264:David Butler, 8257: 8242: 8229: 8217: 8205: 8203:, p. 358. 8193: 8191:, p. 244. 8181: 8179:, p. 269. 8169: 8157: 8145: 8109: 8107:, p. 242. 8097: 8095:, p. 239. 8085: 8083:, p. 356. 8073: 8071:, p. 267. 8061: 8059:, p. 237. 8049: 8033: 8021: 8015:Toye, Richard 8008: 7996: 7994:, p. 265. 7984: 7971: 7969:, p. 441. 7959: 7947:, obituary in 7930: 7915: 7913:, p. 383. 7903: 7880: 7868: 7856: 7843: 7841:, p. 150. 7828: 7826:, p. 122. 7816: 7804: 7792: 7790:, p. 155. 7780: 7768: 7766:, p. 145. 7756: 7744: 7730: 7728:, p. 143. 7718: 7686: 7684:, p. 139. 7674: 7672:, p. 259. 7662: 7650: 7637: 7625: 7613: 7600: 7587: 7574: 7562: 7522: 7505: 7493: 7481: 7469: 7467:, p. 210. 7457: 7455:, p. 201. 7445: 7433: 7431:, p. 174. 7421: 7414:) – via 7398: 7386: 7384:, p. 170. 7374: 7372:, p. 697. 7359: 7357:, p. 160. 7347: 7345:, p. 158. 7335: 7320: 7318:, p. 254. 7305: 7293: 7280: 7268: 7266:, p. 252. 7256: 7254:, p. 139. 7244: 7232: 7230:, p. 119. 7220: 7208: 7199: 7197:, p. 249. 7187: 7160:(2): 169–189. 7144: 7142:, p. 100. 7132: 7130:, p. 103. 7115: 7113:, p. 243. 7100: 7085: 7083:, p. 246. 7068: 7056: 7043: 7030: 7017: 6993: 6991:, 14116–14121. 6981: 6954: 6952:, p. 100. 6942: 6940:, p. 248. 6930: 6918: 6912: 6888: 6875: 6863: 6856: 6834: 6828:978-1408704127 6827: 6809: 6807:, p. 155. 6797: 6785: 6761: 6749: 6737: 6727: 6715: 6703: 6691: 6679: 6667: 6655: 6628: 6619: 6606: 6600: 6582: 6573: 6564: 6544: 6524: 6504: 6495: 6483: 6474: 6462: 6443: 6431: 6418: 6406: 6391: 6376: 6364: 6352: 6321: 6319:, p. 245. 6309: 6297: 6285: 6262: 6247: 6234: 6232:, p. 422. 6230:Middleton 1997 6222: 6218:Middleton 1997 6210: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6155: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6120:William Deedes 6117: 6111: 6105: 6096: 6087: 6078: 6069: 6063: 6060:Ernest Marples 6057: 6048: 6039: 6030: 6021: 6008: 5999: 5990: 5981: 5972: 5962: 5953: 5940: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5899: 5890: 5881: 5872: 5866: 5863:Ernest Marples 5860: 5851: 5842: 5833: 5824: 5815: 5806: 5797: 5788: 5779: 5770: 5760: 5751: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5741: 5735: 5726: 5717: 5708: 5699: 5693: 5690:Ernest Marples 5687: 5678: 5672: 5663: 5654: 5645: 5636: 5627: 5618: 5609: 5600: 5591: 5581: 5572: 5567: 5564: 5563: 5562: 5549: 5540: 5531: 5522: 5513: 5504: 5498:Ernest Marples 5495: 5486: 5477: 5468: 5459: 5450: 5441: 5432: 5423: 5410: 5397: 5388: 5386:Prime Minister 5380: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5368: 5361:Geoffrey Lloyd 5357: 5348: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5326: 5320: 5311: 5302: 5293: 5287: 5278: 5268: 5259: 5250: 5241: 5232: 5219: 5213:Lord Salisbury 5210: 5201: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5157: 5155: 5143: 5141: 5129: 5127: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5053: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5026: 5024: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4736: 4694:Alistair Horne 4663: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4652: 4645: 4639: 4611:Order of Merit 4599: 4596: 4570:The Middle Way 4491:Horsted Keynes 4487:Ashdown Forest 4458: 4455: 4381:House of Lords 4337:to manage the 4271: 4268: 4253:Order of Merit 4244: 4241: 4233:Beefsteak Club 4217:Junior Carlton 4194: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4173: 4152: 4151: 4126: 4125: 4112: 4099: 4086: 4073: 4060: 4037: 4034: 4017: 4014: 3993: 3990: 3958: 3955: 3943:Baron Hailsham 3919: 3916: 3896:Yevgeny Ivanov 3880:Profumo affair 3875: 3874:Profumo affair 3872: 3868:Vassall affair 3851: 3848: 3816: 3813: 3780: 3777: 3739:confer in 1961 3735:Macmillan and 3728: 3727:Skybolt crisis 3725: 3518: 3517:Wind of Change 3515: 3502:Andrei Gromyko 3434: 3431: 3401: 3400:Foreign policy 3398: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3306:Hugh Gaitskell 3297: 3294: 3216:Windscale fire 3161: 3158: 3141:decolonisation 3110:special forces 3048: 3047:Foreign policy 3045: 3012: 3009: 2939: 2936: 2897:The Gondoliers 2882: 2879: 2870: 2869: 2863: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2735: 2732: 2692:1922 Committee 2672: 2669: 2604: 2601: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2534:Macmillan was 2531: 2528: 2493:Macmillan was 2482: 2479: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2442:The Middle Way 2437:Sunday Express 2397: 2394: 2374: 2371: 2312:King George II 2292:General Scobie 2285:"Jumbo" Wilson 2233:fall of Sicily 2227:Together with 2117: 2114: 2106:Oliver Stanley 2082:Lord Cranborne 2050: 2047: 2011: 2008: 1981:loosely allied 1972: 1969: 1934:The Middle Way 1898: 1895: 1879:Guy Kindersley 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1831:Eileen O'Casey 1809: 1808: 1804: 1794: 1784: 1760:in the 1930s. 1754:Robert Boothby 1745:, a sister of 1735:Pitt the Elder 1723:Lord Salisbury 1698: 1695: 1691:Alistair Horne 1674: 1671: 1661: 1658: 1622: 1619: 1611:Hugh Gaitskell 1565:Battle of Loos 1544: 1541: 1446:, close by in 1438: 1435: 1421:, who founded 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1390:House of Lords 1386:Profumo affair 1373:Skybolt Crisis 1361:nuclear forces 1353:decolonisation 1252:unflappability 1207: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1169:Battle of Loos 1160: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1119:Branch/service 1116: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1103: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1095: 1089: 1086:Order of Merit 1082: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1010: 1006: 1001: 1000: 998: 994: 993: 988: 984: 983: 977: 973: 972: 969:Horsted Keynes 966:(aged 92) 960: 956: 955: 941: 939: 935: 934: 930: 929: 926: 925: 922: 921: 918: 917: 914: 913: 910: 909: 906: 905: 900: 894: 893: 888: 882: 881: 871: 870: 864: 863: 860: 859: 856: 849: 848: 845: 844: 841: 840: 837: 836: 831: 825: 824: 819: 813: 812: 802: 801: 796: 790: 789: 784: 778: 777: 767: 766: 755: 754: 749: 743: 742: 737: 731: 730: 720: 719: 708: 707: 702: 696: 695: 683: 682: 675: 672: 671: 665: 664: 661: 660: 657: 650: 649: 646: 645: 642: 641: 638: 637: 632: 626: 625: 623:John Llewellin 620: 614: 613: 608: 606:Prime Minister 602: 601: 591: 590: 578: 577: 572: 566: 565: 560: 554: 553: 548: 546:Prime Minister 542: 541: 531: 530: 524: 523: 521:Harold Balfour 518: 512: 511: 508: 502: 501: 496: 494:Prime Minister 490: 489: 479: 478: 471: 470: 465: 459: 458: 453: 447: 446: 441: 439:Prime Minister 435: 434: 424: 423: 417: 416: 411: 405: 404: 399: 393: 392: 387: 385:Prime Minister 381: 380: 370: 369: 363: 362: 357: 351: 350: 345: 339: 338: 333: 331:Prime Minister 327: 326: 316: 315: 309: 308: 303: 297: 296: 291: 285: 284: 279: 277:Prime Minister 273: 272: 262: 261: 255: 254: 249: 243: 242: 237: 231: 230: 225: 223:Prime Minister 219: 218: 208: 207: 201: 200: 197: 196: 193: 186: 185: 180: 174: 173: 168: 162: 161: 151: 150: 144: 143: 138: 132: 131: 126: 120: 119: 111: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 82: 81: 75: 74: 71: 70: 67: 59: 58: 43: 40: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18967: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18936: 18933: 18931: 18928: 18926: 18923: 18921: 18918: 18916: 18913: 18911: 18908: 18906: 18903: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18881: 18878: 18876: 18873: 18871: 18868: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18833: 18831: 18828: 18826: 18823: 18821: 18818: 18816: 18813: 18811: 18808: 18806: 18803: 18801: 18798: 18796: 18793: 18791: 18788: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18778: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18753: 18751: 18748: 18746: 18743: 18741: 18738: 18736: 18733: 18731: 18728: 18726: 18723: 18722: 18720: 18710: 18700: 18699: 18696: 18676: 18672: 18671: 18669: 18665: 18658: 18656: 18652: 18649: 18648: 18644: 18641: 18640: 18636: 18633: 18632: 18628: 18625: 18624: 18620: 18619: 18617: 18613: 18607: 18604: 18602: 18599: 18597: 18594: 18592: 18589: 18587: 18586:Peter Rachman 18584: 18582: 18579: 18577: 18574: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18562: 18559: 18557: 18554: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18544: 18543: 18541: 18537: 18533: 18526: 18521: 18519: 18514: 18512: 18507: 18506: 18503: 18493: 18487: 18481: 18471: 18468: 18466: 18463: 18461: 18458: 18456: 18453: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18438: 18436: 18433: 18431: 18428: 18426: 18423: 18421: 18418: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18353: 18351: 18348: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18316: 18313: 18311: 18308: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18298: 18296: 18293: 18291: 18288: 18286: 18285:Reginald Pole 18283: 18281: 18278: 18276: 18273: 18271: 18270:John Longland 18268: 18266: 18263: 18261: 18260:Richard Mayew 18258: 18256: 18255:William Smyth 18253: 18252: 18249: 18242: 18238: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18192:Gilbert Kymer 18190: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18152:Richard Praty 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18138: 18137:Gilbert Kymer 18135: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18107:Robert Colman 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18037:William Clynt 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18022:Robert Hallam 18020: 18018: 18015: 18014: 18011: 18004: 18000: 17990: 17987: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17959:Ralph Redruth 17957: 17955: 17952: 17950: 17947: 17945: 17942: 17940: 17937: 17935: 17932: 17930: 17927: 17925: 17922: 17920: 17917: 17915: 17912: 17910: 17907: 17905: 17902: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17892: 17890: 17887: 17885: 17882: 17880: 17877: 17875: 17872: 17870: 17867: 17865: 17862: 17860: 17857: 17855: 17852: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17825: 17822: 17820: 17817: 17815: 17812: 17810: 17807: 17805: 17802: 17800: 17797: 17795: 17792: 17790: 17787: 17785: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17767: 17765: 17762: 17760: 17757: 17755: 17754:Thomas Hotham 17752: 17750: 17747: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17729:Henry Harclay 17727: 17725: 17722: 17720: 17717: 17715: 17712: 17710: 17707: 17705: 17704:Walter Burdun 17702: 17700: 17697: 17695: 17692: 17690: 17687: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17679:Roger Weseham 17677: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17506: 17503: 17496: 17492: 17488: 17479: 17474: 17472: 17467: 17465: 17460: 17459: 17456: 17440: 17437: 17436: 17434: 17432: 17428: 17422: 17419: 17418: 17416: 17414: 17410: 17404: 17401: 17400: 17398: 17396: 17392: 17388: 17382: 17379: 17378: 17376: 17374: 17370: 17364: 17361: 17360: 17358: 17356: 17352: 17346: 17343: 17342: 17340: 17338: 17334: 17328: 17325: 17324: 17322: 17320: 17316: 17310: 17307: 17306: 17304: 17302: 17298: 17292: 17289: 17288: 17286: 17284: 17280: 17274: 17273:Robert Hudson 17271: 17270: 17268: 17266: 17262: 17256: 17253: 17252: 17250: 17248: 17244: 17238: 17235: 17234: 17232: 17230: 17226: 17220: 17217: 17216: 17214: 17212: 17208: 17202: 17199: 17198: 17196: 17194: 17190: 17184: 17181: 17180: 17178: 17176: 17172: 17167: 17157: 17154: 17153: 17151: 17149: 17145: 17141: 17136: 17132: 17125: 17120: 17118: 17113: 17111: 17106: 17105: 17102: 17085: 17082: 17081: 17079: 17077: 17073: 17066: 17063: 17062: 17060: 17058: 17054: 17047: 17044: 17043: 17041: 17039: 17035: 17028: 17025: 17024: 17022: 17020: 17016: 17009: 17006: 17005: 17003: 17001: 16997: 16990: 16989:Duncan Sandys 16987: 16984: 16981: 16980: 16978: 16976: 16972: 16965: 16962: 16961: 16959: 16957: 16953: 16946: 16943: 16940: 16937: 16936: 16934: 16932: 16928: 16921: 16918: 16915: 16912: 16909: 16906: 16905: 16903: 16901: 16897: 16890: 16887: 16886: 16884: 16882: 16878: 16871: 16868: 16865: 16862: 16861: 16859: 16857: 16853: 16846: 16843: 16842: 16840: 16838: 16834: 16827: 16824: 16821: 16818: 16817: 16815: 16813: 16809: 16805: 16798: 16795: 16794: 16792: 16790: 16786: 16779: 16776: 16775: 16773: 16771: 16767: 16760: 16757: 16754: 16751: 16750: 16748: 16746: 16742: 16735: 16732: 16729: 16726: 16725: 16723: 16721: 16717: 16710: 16707: 16704: 16701: 16700: 16698: 16696: 16692: 16687: 16676: 16673: 16672: 16670: 16668: 16664: 16660: 16656: 16651: 16647: 16640: 16635: 16633: 16628: 16626: 16621: 16620: 16617: 16607: 16597: 16585: 16570: 16566: 16563: 16560: 16557: 16554: 16551: 16548: 16545: 16542: 16539: 16536: 16533: 16529: 16525: 16522: 16519: 16516: 16512: 16511: 16509: 16505: 16499: 16496: 16492: 16488: 16485: 16482: 16479: 16475: 16474: 16472: 16468: 16464: 16457: 16453: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16399: 16396: 16389: 16385: 16371: 16368: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16355: 16354: 16351: 16350: 16348: 16344: 16338: 16337:Five Families 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16317:Selsdon Group 16315: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16295: 16293: 16290: 16288: 16285: 16283: 16280: 16278: 16275: 16273: 16270: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16253: 16250: 16248: 16245: 16243: 16240: 16238: 16235: 16233: 16230: 16228: 16225: 16223: 16220: 16218: 16215: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16066: 16064: 16060: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16031: 16030: 16028: 16024: 16018: 16017: 16013: 16012: 16010: 16006: 16002: 15995: 15991: 15977: 15974: 15973: 15971: 15967: 15961: 15958: 15957: 15955: 15951: 15945: 15942: 15941: 15939: 15935: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15910: 15908: 15904: 15898: 15895: 15894: 15892: 15888: 15880: 15877: 15876: 15875: 15872: 15871: 15869: 15867:Parliamentary 15865: 15859: 15856: 15855: 15853: 15849: 15843: 15840: 15834: 15831: 15830: 15829: 15826: 15825: 15824: 15821: 15820: 15818: 15814: 15810: 15803: 15799: 15787: 15784: 15783: 15782: 15779: 15775: 15772: 15771: 15770: 15767: 15763: 15760: 15759: 15758: 15755: 15751: 15748: 15747: 15746: 15743: 15739: 15736: 15735: 15734: 15731: 15727: 15724: 15723: 15722: 15719: 15715: 15712: 15711: 15710: 15707: 15703: 15700: 15699: 15698: 15695: 15691: 15688: 15687: 15686: 15683: 15678: 15677: 15676: 15673: 15669: 15666: 15665: 15664: 15661: 15656: 15655: 15654: 15651: 15647: 15644: 15643: 15642: 15639: 15635: 15632: 15631: 15630: 15627: 15626: 15623: 15616: 15612: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15577: 15576: 15573: 15572: 15570: 15566: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15522: 15519: 15517: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15269: 15267: 15265: 15259: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15164: 15162: 15160: 15154: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15107: 15103: 15099: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15069: 15067: 15063: 15057: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15002: 15000: 14996: 14990: 14986: 14979: 14975: 14961: 14958: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14936: 14933: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14867: 14865: 14861: 14855: 14852: 14851: 14849: 14847:Organisations 14845: 14841: 14834: 14830: 14826: 14817: 14812: 14810: 14805: 14803: 14798: 14797: 14794: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14741:Bob Ainsworth 14739: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14648: 14646: 14644: 14638: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14621:Duncan Sandys 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14568: 14566: 14564: 14561:Ministers for 14558: 14553: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14534: 14532: 14530: 14527:Ministers for 14524: 14520: 14515: 14506: 14501: 14499: 14494: 14492: 14487: 14486: 14483: 14471: 14470: 14466: 14461: 14459: 14458: 14449: 14448: 14445: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14415: 14413: 14407: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14302: 14300: 14294: 14289: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14263:Gordon Walker 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14156: 14154: 14151: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13939: 13935: 13930: 13921: 13916: 13914: 13909: 13907: 13902: 13901: 13898: 13888: 13884: 13879: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13527: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13505: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13485: 13483: 13481: 13475: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13453: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13381: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13359: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13337: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13287: 13285: 13283: 13279: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13019: 13017: 13015: 13011: 13007: 13000: 12995: 12993: 12988: 12986: 12981: 12980: 12977: 12964: 12955: 12954: 12951: 12944: 12940: 12937: 12933: 12930: 12926: 12923: 12919: 12916: 12912: 12909: 12905: 12902: 12898: 12895: 12891: 12888: 12884: 12881: 12877: 12874: 12870: 12867: 12863: 12860: 12856: 12853: 12849: 12846: 12842: 12839: 12835: 12832: 12828: 12825: 12821: 12818: 12814: 12811: 12807: 12804: 12800: 12797: 12793: 12790: 12786: 12783: 12779: 12776: 12772: 12769: 12765: 12762: 12758: 12755: 12751: 12748: 12744: 12741: 12737: 12734: 12730: 12727: 12723: 12720: 12716: 12713: 12709: 12706: 12702: 12699: 12695: 12692: 12688: 12685: 12681: 12678: 12674: 12671: 12667: 12664: 12660: 12657: 12653: 12650: 12646: 12643: 12639: 12636: 12632: 12629: 12625: 12622: 12618: 12615: 12611: 12608: 12604: 12601: 12597: 12594: 12590: 12587: 12583: 12580: 12576: 12573: 12569: 12566: 12562: 12559: 12555: 12552: 12548: 12545: 12541: 12538: 12534: 12531: 12527: 12524: 12520: 12517: 12513: 12510: 12506: 12503: 12499: 12496: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12487: 12483: 12476: 12472: 12469: 12465: 12462: 12458: 12455: 12451: 12448: 12444: 12441: 12437: 12434: 12430: 12427: 12423: 12420: 12416: 12413: 12409: 12406: 12402: 12399: 12395: 12392: 12388: 12385: 12381: 12378: 12374: 12371: 12367: 12366: 12364: 12362: 12361:Great Britain 12358: 12353: 12349: 12342: 12337: 12335: 12330: 12328: 12323: 12322: 12319: 12313: 12306: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12268: 12267: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12257: 12255: 12251: 12244: 12243: 12239: 12236: 12235: 12234:Never So Good 12231: 12228: 12227: 12223: 12222: 12220: 12216: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12169: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12159: 12157: 12153: 12146: 12143: 12140: 12137: 12134: 12131: 12128: 12125: 12122: 12119: 12117:(grandfather) 12116: 12113: 12112: 12110: 12106: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12091: 12089: 12085: 12081: 12074: 12069: 12067: 12062: 12060: 12055: 12054: 12051: 12042: 12033: 12032: 12028: 12022: 12018: 12015: 12011: 12007: 11998: 11997: 11990: 11984: 11979: 11975: 11966: 11964: 11958: 11954: 11949: 11945: 11936: 11935: 11928: 11922: 11917: 11913: 11904: 11903: 11896: 11890: 11886: 11877: 11876: 11869: 11863: 11858: 11857: 11850: 11844: 11840: 11831: 11830: 11823: 11817: 11813: 11812:Duncan Sandys 11804: 11803: 11796: 11795: 11794: 11786: 11780: 11776: 11767: 11766: 11759: 11753: 11749: 11740: 11739: 11732: 11726: 11722: 11713: 11712: 11705: 11699: 11694: 11690: 11683: 11679: 11675: 11674: 11666: 11660: 11656: 11649: 11645: 11641: 11640: 11632: 11626: 11622: 11615: 11611: 11607: 11606: 11598: 11592: 11589: 11585: 11580: 11576: 11572: 11569: 11566: 11560: 11556: 11552: 11549: 11545: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11521: 11518: 11515: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11488: 11487: 11483: 11481: 11477: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11461: 11457: 11456: 11448: 11445: 11441: 11435: 11431: 11426: 11423: 11419: 11417: 11416:0-09-164010-5 11413: 11409: 11408: 11403: 11400: 11396: 11393: 11390: 11386: 11384: 11380: 11376: 11373: 11369: 11367: 11363: 11358: 11356: 11355:0-333-73517-X 11352: 11348: 11344: 11341: 11337: 11333: 11329: 11327: 11323: 11319: 11315: 11311: 11310:Hughes, Emrys 11308: 11305: 11304:History Today 11301: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11283: 11280: 11276: 11273: 11269: 11266: 11265:0-333-64227-9 11262: 11258: 11254: 11250: 11248: 11244: 11240: 11236: 11233: 11230: 11226: 11223: 11219: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11206:Ball, Simon. 11205: 11202: 11198: 11197: 11187: 11185:9780230376892 11181: 11177: 11172: 11168: 11162: 11158: 11157: 11152: 11148: 11145: 11144:Never So Good 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11128: 11124: 11120: 11114: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11096:9780230376892 11092: 11088: 11083: 11079: 11073: 11069: 11064: 11060: 11056: 11052: 11048: 11042: 11038: 11033: 11029: 11023: 11019: 11018: 11012: 11008: 11002: 10997: 10996: 10993: 10988: 10984: 10980: 10974: 10970: 10966: 10962: 10958: 10952: 10948: 10947: 10942: 10938: 10934: 10928: 10924: 10923: 10918: 10914: 10910: 10908:9780415669832 10904: 10900: 10896: 10891: 10887: 10881: 10877: 10876: 10871: 10870:Fisher, Nigel 10867: 10864: 10860: 10855: 10849: 10844: 10843: 10837: 10833: 10829: 10827:9780199256396 10823: 10819: 10818: 10812: 10808: 10802: 10798: 10794: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10778: 10774: 10767: 10763: 10759: 10758: 10746: 10741: 10734: 10733:Campbell 2010 10729: 10722: 10717: 10710: 10704: 10697: 10692: 10685: 10680: 10673: 10668: 10661: 10656: 10654: 10646: 10641: 10625: 10621: 10620:Itnsource.com 10617: 10611: 10595: 10591: 10587: 10581: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10551: 10535: 10531: 10527: 10521: 10513: 10509: 10503: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10473: 10465: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10447: 10443: 10442: 10437: 10433: 10427: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10397: 10382: 10381: 10376: 10370: 10364: 10357: 10352: 10345: 10338: 10336: 10327: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10308: 10301: 10286: 10285: 10280: 10273: 10265: 10258: 10256: 10247: 10240: 10238: 10236: 10227: 10215: 10214: 10208: 10200: 10185: 10181: 10177: 10170: 10163: 10158: 10150: 10149: 10144: 10137: 10129: 10123: 10119: 10112: 10104: 10097: 10089: 10085: 10079: 10071: 10065: 10061: 10054: 10052: 10044: 10039: 10032: 10027: 10019: 10015: 10014: 10009: 10002: 10000: 9991: 9989:9781847371751 9985: 9981: 9974: 9972: 9964: 9959: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9937: 9929: 9925: 9921: 9915: 9908: 9903: 9896: 9891: 9889: 9880: 9879: 9874: 9868: 9861: 9860:Daily Express 9855: 9848: 9843: 9836: 9835:Campbell 2010 9831: 9824: 9819: 9812: 9806: 9799: 9794: 9787: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9765: 9761: 9755: 9748: 9742: 9735: 9729: 9721: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9701: 9694: 9689: 9682: 9677: 9675: 9667: 9662: 9655: 9650: 9643: 9638: 9631: 9630:Campbell 2010 9626: 9619: 9614: 9606: 9602: 9601: 9596: 9590: 9584: 9579: 9570: 9568: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9545: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9520: 9515: 9506: 9504: 9496: 9491: 9484: 9479: 9477: 9469: 9464: 9457: 9453: 9450: 9447: 9441: 9432: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9416: 9411: 9404: 9403:Subritzy 1999 9399: 9392: 9387: 9380: 9379:Subritzy 1999 9375: 9368: 9367:Subritzy 1999 9363: 9361: 9359: 9351: 9346: 9339: 9338:Subritzy 1999 9334: 9327: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9310: 9309:Subritzy 1999 9305: 9298: 9297:Subritzy 1999 9293: 9291: 9289: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9266: 9260:(2010) p. 306 9259: 9253: 9244: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9236: 9228: 9222: 9216:, p. 10. 9215: 9210: 9208: 9200: 9195: 9193: 9185: 9180: 9178: 9170: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9159: 9151: 9145: 9138: 9133: 9126: 9121: 9114: 9109: 9103:, p. 22. 9102: 9097: 9090: 9085: 9079:, p. 20. 9078: 9073: 9071: 9063: 9058: 9056: 9048: 9043: 9036: 9031: 9029: 9021: 9016: 9014: 9006: 9001: 8999: 8991: 8986: 8979: 8978:Campbell 2010 8974: 8958: 8954: 8947: 8940: 8935: 8928: 8923: 8916: 8911: 8904: 8899: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8869: 8867: 8858: 8854: 8848: 8842:, p. 62. 8841: 8836: 8821: 8817: 8816: 8809: 8802: 8797: 8790: 8785: 8778: 8773: 8766: 8761: 8754: 8749: 8742: 8737: 8728: 8721: 8715: 8708: 8702: 8695: 8689: 8682: 8676: 8669: 8663: 8656: 8650: 8641: 8634: 8628: 8613: 8609: 8605: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8592: 8587: 8580: 8573: 8567: 8560: 8554: 8547: 8542: 8535: 8530: 8523: 8518: 8502: 8498: 8496:9781847428103 8492: 8488: 8487: 8479: 8464: 8462:9780857935892 8458: 8454: 8453: 8445: 8429: 8425: 8423:9781861342119 8419: 8415: 8414: 8406: 8397: 8390: 8386: 8381: 8374: 8369: 8362: 8357: 8355: 8347: 8344:Edmund Dell, 8341: 8335:(2003) p. 261 8334: 8330: 8325: 8316: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8281:(2001) p. 214 8280: 8274: 8267: 8261: 8254: 8249: 8247: 8239: 8233: 8226: 8221: 8214: 8209: 8202: 8197: 8190: 8185: 8178: 8177:Campbell 2010 8173: 8166: 8161: 8154: 8149: 8142: 8137: 8133: 8130: 8126: 8123: 8119: 8113: 8106: 8101: 8094: 8089: 8082: 8077: 8070: 8069:Williams 2010 8065: 8058: 8053: 8046: 8040: 8038: 8030: 8025: 8019:(2010) p. 304 8018: 8012: 8006:, p. 74. 8005: 8000: 7993: 7992:Campbell 2010 7988: 7981: 7975: 7968: 7963: 7956: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7942: 7939: 7934: 7926: 7919: 7912: 7907: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7889: 7884: 7877: 7876:Campbell 2010 7872: 7865: 7864:Campbell 2010 7860: 7853: 7850:Edmund Dell, 7847: 7840: 7835: 7833: 7825: 7820: 7813: 7812:Campbell 2010 7808: 7801: 7796: 7789: 7784: 7777: 7772: 7765: 7760: 7753: 7748: 7741: 7740: 7739:The Economist 7734: 7727: 7722: 7714: 7702: 7697: 7690: 7683: 7678: 7671: 7670:Campbell 2010 7666: 7659: 7658:Campbell 2010 7654: 7647: 7641: 7634: 7633:Campbell 2010 7629: 7622: 7621:Campbell 2010 7617: 7610: 7604: 7597: 7591: 7584: 7578: 7571: 7566: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7541: 7536: 7532: 7526: 7519: 7515: 7514:Curtis Keeble 7509: 7502: 7497: 7490: 7485: 7478: 7473: 7466: 7461: 7454: 7449: 7442: 7437: 7430: 7425: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7402: 7395: 7390: 7383: 7378: 7371: 7366: 7364: 7356: 7351: 7344: 7339: 7332: 7327: 7325: 7317: 7316:Campbell 2010 7312: 7310: 7303:, p. 82. 7302: 7297: 7290: 7284: 7277: 7272: 7265: 7264:Campbell 2010 7260: 7253: 7248: 7241: 7236: 7229: 7224: 7217: 7212: 7203: 7196: 7195:Campbell 2010 7191: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7148: 7141: 7136: 7129: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7112: 7107: 7105: 7097: 7092: 7090: 7082: 7081:Campbell 2010 7077: 7075: 7073: 7066:, p. 69. 7065: 7060: 7053: 7047: 7040: 7034: 7027: 7021: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7003: 6997: 6990: 6985: 6969: 6968:The Spectator 6965: 6964:"A real book" 6958: 6951: 6946: 6939: 6938:Campbell 2010 6934: 6928:, p. 67. 6927: 6922: 6915: 6913:1-86105-152-2 6909: 6905: 6901: 6900: 6892: 6885: 6879: 6872: 6867: 6859: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6838: 6830: 6824: 6820: 6819:Closet Queens 6813: 6806: 6801: 6794: 6789: 6782: 6777: 6776: 6771: 6765: 6759:, p. 55. 6758: 6757:Williams 2010 6753: 6747:, p. 52. 6746: 6741: 6731: 6725:, p. 62. 6724: 6719: 6713:, p. 49. 6712: 6711:Williams 2010 6707: 6701: 6695: 6689:, p. 49. 6688: 6683: 6677:, p. 31. 6676: 6675:Williams 2010 6671: 6664: 6663:Campbell 2010 6659: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6623: 6616: 6610: 6603: 6601:0-340-50846-9 6597: 6593: 6586: 6577: 6568: 6560: 6559: 6554: 6548: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6528: 6520: 6519: 6514: 6508: 6499: 6492: 6487: 6478: 6472:, p. 22. 6471: 6466: 6459: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6440: 6439:Williams 2010 6435: 6428: 6422: 6416:, p. 16. 6415: 6410: 6404:, p. 15. 6403: 6398: 6396: 6387: 6380: 6374:, p. 15. 6373: 6372:Williams 2010 6368: 6362:, p. 13. 6361: 6356: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6317:Campbell 2010 6313: 6306: 6301: 6294: 6289: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6266: 6259: 6254: 6252: 6244: 6238: 6231: 6226: 6219: 6214: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6182: 6178: 6164: 6159: 6152: 6147: 6143: 6134: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6081:Michael Noble 6079: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5966: 5965:Lord Hailsham 5963: 5961: 5957: 5956:Lord Dilhorne 5954: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5764: 5763:Lord Hailsham 5761: 5759: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5675:Lord Hailsham 5673: 5671: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5584:Lord Hailsham 5582: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5413:Lord Hailsham 5411: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5383: 5382: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5290:Lord Hailsham 5288: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5171: 5126: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5098: 5097: 5080: 5072: 5057: 5055: 5023: 5010: 5006: 5003: 4987: 4985: 4977: 4975: 4974: 4967: 4951: 4949: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4925: 4913: 4911: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4882: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4846: 4844: 4826: 4824: 4809: 4807: 4789: 4787: 4782: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4763: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4745: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4683: 4678: 4675: 4670: 4668: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4615:Freedom medal 4612: 4607: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4571: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4508: 4507:Ronald Reagan 4502: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4476: 4468: 4463: 4453: 4451: 4444: 4441: 4440:still left.' 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4410:privatisation 4406: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4347:Admiral Lewin 4344: 4340: 4339:Falklands War 4336: 4330: 4328: 4327:neo-Keynesian 4324: 4320: 4316: 4310: 4308: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4281: 4276: 4267: 4265: 4264:Deng Xiaoping 4260: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4207: 4203: 4200: 4190: 4185: 4184:1-405-04721-6 4181: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4171:0-333-71167-X 4168: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4150: 4149:0-333-37198-4 4146: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4124: 4123:0-333-12413-8 4120: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4110:0-333-12411-1 4107: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4097:0-333-10310-6 4094: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4084:0-333-04077-5 4081: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4071:0-333-00358-6 4068: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4058:0-333-06639-1 4055: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4033: 4031: 4030:Patrick Neill 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 4010:1964 election 4003: 3998: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3971: 3969: 3963: 3954: 3952: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3830: 3829:Lord Hailsham 3826: 3822: 3812: 3809: 3804: 3802: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3738: 3733: 3723: 3718: 3716: 3715:Lord Macaulay 3711: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3623:Nigeria, the 3618: 3613: 3609: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3523: 3514: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3498:Lord Hailsham 3495: 3491: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3397: 3395: 3394:permanent way 3391: 3387: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3364:Jeremy Thorpe 3361: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3293: 3289: 3287: 3286:Pearl Harbour 3283: 3279: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3220: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3193:hydrogen bomb 3190: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3068: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2965:Aneurin Bevan 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2909:Duncan Sandys 2906: 2901: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2877: 2866: 2859: 2851: 2845: → 2844: 2839: 2836:← 2831: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2759: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2708: 2706: 2701: 2700:actor manager 2697: 2693: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2682:US Ambassador 2679: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2617:Harold Wilson 2614: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2593: 2591: 2590:premium bonds 2587: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2548: 2547:indiscretion. 2543: 2541: 2540:Geneva Summit 2537: 2527: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2510: 2509:hydrogen bomb 2504: 2502: 2501: 2500:The Economist 2496: 2487: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2337:, the senior 2336: 2332: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2265:Ljubljana Gap 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2223: 2220: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2150:Robert Murphy 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067:Privy Council 2064: 2055: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1992:Norway Debate 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1883:Oswald Mosley 1880: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1812: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1762:John Campbell 1759: 1755: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1737:. Her nephew 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1692: 1689:reports that 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679:Michael Bloch 1677:According to 1673:Personal life 1670: 1667: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1618: 1616: 1615:Harold Wilson 1612: 1608: 1603: 1601: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1579:(part of the 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1497:H. H. Asquith 1494: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1449: 1448:Sloane Square 1445: 1434: 1432: 1431:Isle of Arran 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1407:Cadogan Place 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1363:by acquiring 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:mixed economy 1315: 1314:welfare state 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1225: 1218: 1213: 1204: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1192:Victory Medal 1190: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1036:4, including 1035: 1031: 1004: 999: 995: 992: 989: 985: 981: 978: 976:Resting place 974: 970: 961: 957: 940: 936: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 904: 901: 895: 892: 889: 883: 877: 872: 869: 865: 861: 854: 850: 846: 842: 835: 832: 826: 823: 820: 814: 808: 803: 800: 797: 791: 788: 785: 779: 773: 768: 765: 760: 756: 753: 750: 744: 741: 738: 732: 726: 721: 718: 713: 709: 706: 703: 697: 691: 690: 684: 680: 679: 678:Lord Temporal 673: 670: 666: 662: 655: 651: 647: 643: 636: 633: 627: 624: 621: 615: 612: 609: 603: 597: 592: 589: 583: 579: 576: 573: 567: 564: 561: 555: 552: 549: 543: 537: 532: 529: 525: 522: 519: 513: 509: 503: 500: 497: 491: 485: 480: 476: 472: 469: 466: 460: 457: 454: 448: 445: 442: 436: 430: 425: 422: 418: 415: 414:Duncan Sandys 412: 406: 403: 400: 394: 391: 388: 382: 376: 371: 368: 364: 361: 358: 352: 349: 346: 340: 337: 334: 328: 322: 317: 314: 310: 307: 304: 298: 295: 292: 286: 283: 280: 274: 268: 263: 260: 256: 253: 250: 244: 241: 238: 232: 229: 226: 220: 214: 209: 206: 202: 198: 191: 187: 184: 181: 175: 172: 169: 163: 157: 152: 149: 145: 142: 139: 133: 130: 127: 121: 115: 112: 109: 104: 101: 98: 94: 88: 83: 80: 76: 72: 65: 60: 55: 51: 47: 38: 33: 30: 19: 18654: 18645: 18639:Stephen Ward 18637: 18629: 18621: 18590: 18571:Lucky Gordon 18556:Stephen Ward 18546:John Profumo 18459: 18349: 18245:1500 onwards 18222:John Russell 18167:William Grey 18132:Thomas Chase 18127:John Castell 18097:Thomas Clare 18087:Thomas Clare 17954:Robert Rygge 17939:Robert Rygge 17934:William Rugg 17924:Robert Rygge 17914:Robert Rygge 17664:Henry Swayne 17290: 17219:Anthony Eden 17156:Lord Woolton 17084:James Stuart 16982: 16919: 16412:Bruges Group 16014: 15816:Professional 15769:October 2022 15702:Duncan Smith 15532: / 15523: / 15514: / 15505: / 15481: / 15472: / 15448: / 15376:Thorneycroft 15339: / 15222:Duncan Smith 15197:Douglas-Home 15191: 15182:W. Churchill 15127:R. Churchill 15104: / 15100: / 15088: 15030:Beaconsfield 14930:Fourth Party 14895:Carlton Club 14776:Grant Shapps 14656:Denis Healey 14616:Anthony Head 14606:Selwyn Lloyd 14600: 14462: 14450: 14310:Douglas-Home 14253:Douglas-Home 14242: 13882: 13757:Thorneycroft 13751: 13702:W. Churchill 13662:Lloyd George 13627:R. Churchill 13524: 13502: 13452:Ellenborough 13450: 13386:Bilson-Legge 13378: 13374:Bilson-Legge 13364:Bilson-Legge 13356: 13334: 12845:Douglas-Home 12837: 12754:Lloyd George 12419:G. Grenville 12265: 12240: 12237:(play, 2008) 12232: 12224: 12141:(son-in-law) 12139:Julian Amery 12079: 12025: 12021:New creation 12020: 11994: 11961: 11956: 11932: 11900: 11873: 11854: 11839:Selwyn Lloyd 11827: 11800: 11790: 11789: 11763: 11736: 11709: 11670: 11636: 11602: 11484: 11462:(Pan, 2011). 11459: 11429: 11421: 11405: 11398: 11388: 11378: 11371: 11361: 11346: 11331: 11313: 11303: 11288: 11278: 11271: 11252: 11238: 11228: 11221: 11207: 11200: 11175: 11155: 11143: 11135: 11125: 11108: 11105:Thorpe, D.R. 11086: 11067: 11058: 11036: 11016: 10995: 10992: 10968: 10945: 10921: 10894: 10874: 10862: 10841: 10816: 10796: 10776: 10772: 10740: 10728: 10716: 10708: 10703: 10691: 10679: 10667: 10640: 10628:. Retrieved 10619: 10610: 10598:. Retrieved 10594:the original 10589: 10580: 10568:. Retrieved 10559: 10550: 10538:. Retrieved 10529: 10520: 10502: 10490:. Retrieved 10481: 10472: 10445: 10439: 10426: 10414:. Retrieved 10405: 10396: 10384:. Retrieved 10378: 10363: 10355: 10351: 10343: 10325: 10306: 10300: 10288:. Retrieved 10284:The Guardian 10282: 10272: 10264:Toronto Star 10263: 10248:, p. 23 10245: 10224:– via 10218:. Retrieved 10211: 10199: 10187:. Retrieved 10179: 10169: 10157: 10146: 10136: 10117: 10111: 10103:The Guardian 10102: 10096: 10087: 10078: 10059: 10038: 10026: 10011: 9979: 9958: 9945: 9936: 9923: 9914: 9902: 9876: 9867: 9859: 9854: 9842: 9830: 9818: 9810: 9805: 9793: 9785: 9762:. BBC News. 9754: 9747:The Observer 9746: 9741: 9736:'s biography 9728: 9709: 9706:Pimlott, Ben 9700: 9688: 9661: 9649: 9637: 9625: 9613: 9598: 9589: 9578: 9553: 9544: 9526: 9514: 9490: 9463: 9458:p. 63 online 9445: 9440: 9410: 9398: 9386: 9374: 9345: 9333: 9304: 9274: 9265: 9257: 9252: 9226: 9221: 9149: 9144: 9132: 9120: 9108: 9096: 9084: 9042: 8985: 8973: 8961:. Retrieved 8946: 8934: 8922: 8910: 8898: 8886:. Retrieved 8877: 8847: 8835: 8824:, retrieved 8814: 8808: 8796: 8784: 8772: 8760: 8748: 8740: 8736: 8727: 8719: 8714: 8706: 8701: 8694:The Guardian 8693: 8688: 8680: 8675: 8667: 8662: 8654: 8649: 8640: 8633:Sunday Times 8632: 8627: 8615:. Retrieved 8595: 8589: 8579: 8571: 8566: 8558: 8553: 8541: 8529: 8521: 8517: 8505:. Retrieved 8485: 8478: 8466:. Retrieved 8451: 8444: 8432:. Retrieved 8412: 8405: 8396: 8388: 8380: 8368: 8345: 8340: 8332: 8324: 8278: 8273: 8265: 8260: 8237: 8232: 8220: 8213:Beckett 2006 8208: 8196: 8184: 8172: 8160: 8148: 8140: 8135: 8112: 8100: 8088: 8076: 8064: 8052: 8044: 8029:Beckett 2006 8024: 8016: 8011: 8004:Beckett 2006 7999: 7987: 7982:(2003) p. 95 7979: 7974: 7962: 7950:The Guardian 7948: 7933: 7924: 7918: 7906: 7883: 7871: 7859: 7851: 7846: 7819: 7807: 7795: 7783: 7771: 7759: 7747: 7737: 7733: 7721: 7711:– via 7705:. Retrieved 7700: 7689: 7677: 7665: 7653: 7645: 7640: 7628: 7616: 7608: 7603: 7595: 7590: 7582: 7577: 7565: 7553:. Retrieved 7544: 7538: 7525: 7517: 7508: 7496: 7484: 7472: 7460: 7448: 7436: 7424: 7401: 7389: 7377: 7350: 7338: 7296: 7288: 7283: 7271: 7259: 7247: 7235: 7223: 7211: 7202: 7190: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7135: 7059: 7051: 7046: 7038: 7033: 7026:The Guardian 7025: 7020: 7012: 6996: 6984: 6972:. Retrieved 6970:. p. 29 6967: 6957: 6945: 6933: 6921: 6898: 6891: 6878: 6866: 6843: 6837: 6818: 6812: 6800: 6788: 6780: 6773: 6764: 6752: 6740: 6730: 6718: 6706: 6694: 6682: 6670: 6658: 6645:. Retrieved 6631: 6622: 6614: 6609: 6591: 6585: 6576: 6567: 6556: 6547: 6536: 6527: 6516: 6507: 6498: 6490: 6486: 6477: 6465: 6434: 6426: 6425:Simon Ball, 6421: 6409: 6385: 6379: 6367: 6355: 6343:. Retrieved 6334: 6324: 6312: 6307:, p. 9. 6300: 6295:, p. 2. 6288: 6275: 6265: 6242: 6237: 6225: 6213: 6201:. Retrieved 6190: 6181: 6158: 6146: 6114:Enoch Powell 6066:Julian Amery 6033:Iain Macleod 5993:Henry Brooke 5975:Edward Heath 5928: 5927: 5911:Charles Hill 5854:Henry Brooke 5836:Iain Macleod 5782:Selwyn Lloyd 5773:Edward Heath 5754:Lord Kilmuir 5738:Henry Brooke 5657:Charles Hill 5630:Iain Macleod 5603:Selwyn Lloyd 5594:Edward Heath 5575:Lord Kilmuir 5552:Henry Brooke 5534:Edward Heath 5471:Charles Hill 5453:Iain Macleod 5444:Selwyn Lloyd 5391:Lord Kilmuir 5350: 5349: 5344:Henry Brooke 5314:Iain Macleod 5281:Charles Hill 5272:David Eccles 5244:Selwyn Lloyd 5204:Lord Kilmuir 5175: 5124: 5021: 4929: 4886: 4880: 4856: 4729: 4725: 4720:married into 4719: 4711:D. R. Thorpe 4709: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4687: 4682:John Vincent 4679: 4671: 4665: 4630: 4623: 4608: 4601: 4585: 4580: 4575:Neil Kinnock 4568: 4566: 4554:Edward Heath 4547: 4516:Oliver Tambo 4503: 4480: 4472: 4446: 4442: 4407: 4403: 4390: 4372: 4366: 4364: 4355:Frank Cooper 4332: 4312: 4304: 4299: 4296:Nigel Fisher 4285: 4261: 4250: 4246: 4213:Carlton Club 4210: 4202:Edward Heath 4196: 4193:London clubs 4188: 4175: 4162: 4153: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4127: 4114: 4101: 4088: 4075: 4062: 4049: 4039: 4019: 4007: 4002:Elizabeth II 3985: 3980: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3948: 3939:Lord Swinton 3935: 3921: 3884:John Profumo 3877: 3861: 3855: 3853: 3844:assassinated 3833: 3818: 3805: 3797: 3782: 3742: 3720: 3712: 3707: 3699: 3692: 3672: 3661: 3633:Sierra Leone 3622: 3569:Iain Macleod 3552: 3544: 3486: 3470: 3458: 3447: 3436: 3423: 3390:Beeching Axe 3385: 3383: 3372: 3357: 3342: 3327:Selwyn Lloyd 3320: 3299: 3290: 3275: 3244: 3240:polonium-210 3221: 3201: 3195:, which was 3178: 3138: 3114:Saudi Arabia 3106:Persian Gulf 3102:Baghdad Pact 3099: 3084: 3073: 3014: 2978: 2972: 2969:John Freeman 2941: 2928:Victor Weisz 2921: 2913:Charles Hill 2902: 2895: 2884: 2838:Anthony Eden 2805:Conservative 2771:Elizabeth II 2755: 2721: 2709: 2696:Enoch Powell 2689: 2678:Selwyn Lloyd 2674: 2665: 2661: 2653:Roger Makins 2645: 2606: 2594: 2583: 2579: 2571:Lord Woolton 2560: 2545: 2533: 2524: 2520:Vichy Regime 2513: 2505: 2498: 2492: 2476: 2468: 2456: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2418: 2399: 2383: 2376: 2347:Soviet Union 2328: 2289: 2257:Noel Charles 2229:Gladwyn Jebb 2226: 2197:Bedell Smith 2183: 2142:Anthony Eden 2119: 2099: 2094:Commonwealth 2087: 2060: 2031:British Army 2028: 2013: 1989: 1974: 1945: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1931: 1927:John Gretton 1912: 1900: 1868: 1853: 1839:Seán O'Casey 1834: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1801:Julian Amery 1791:Julian Faber 1767: 1751: 1700: 1687:Dick Leonard 1683:D. R. Thorpe 1676: 1663: 1646:aide-de-camp 1639: 1635: 1624: 1604: 1597: 1546: 1537:Trinity term 1530: 1505: 1486: 1476:. He won an 1463:Eton College 1452: 1440: 1404: 1346: 1324:strategy of 1291: 1287:Anthony Eden 1256: 1236:Conservative 1211: 1210: 1157:Battles/wars 1123:British Army 991:Conservative 964:(1986-12-29) 898:Succeeded by 875: 829:Succeeded by 806: 794:Succeeded by 771: 747:Succeeded by 724: 700:Succeeded by 687: 676: 630:Succeeded by 595: 570:Succeeded by 535: 516:Succeeded by 483: 463:Succeeded by 428: 409:Succeeded by 374: 360:Selwyn Lloyd 355:Succeeded by 320: 306:Selwyn Lloyd 301:Succeeded by 294:Anthony Eden 282:Anthony Eden 266: 247:Succeeded by 228:Anthony Eden 212: 178:Succeeded by 171:Anthony Eden 155: 136:Succeeded by 129:Anthony Eden 100:Elizabeth II 86: 29: 18735:1986 deaths 18730:1894 births 18634:(1989 film) 18626:(1963 film) 18615:Adaptations 18606:James Burge 18275:Richard Cox 18227:John Morton 18177:Henry Sever 18157:John Norton 17844:John Renham 17774:Ralph Radyn 17744:Henry Gower 17345:Richard Law 17086:(1951–1955) 17067:(1951–1953) 17048:(1953–1955) 17029:(1952–1955) 17010:(1951–1955) 16991:(1954–1955) 16985:(1951–1954) 16966:(1951–1952) 16947:(1954–1955) 16922:(1954–1955) 16916:(1952–1954) 16910:(1951–1952) 16891:(1951–1953) 16872:(1954–1955) 16866:(1951–1954) 16847:(1954–1955) 16828:(1954–1955) 16822:(1951–1954) 16799:(1951–1955) 16780:(1951–1955) 16761:(1952–1955) 16755:(1951–1952) 16736:(1952–1955) 16730:(1951–1952) 16711:(1954–1955) 16705:(1951–1954) 16677:(1951–1955) 16652:(1951–1955) 16407:Bright Blue 16392:Think tanks 16353:List of MPs 16346:Politicians 16287:No Campaign 16277:Monday Club 16267:Fresh Start 15906:Subnational 15122:Hicks Beach 15091:(1848–1849) 15065:(1834–1922) 14998:(1828–1922) 14781:John Healey 14771:Ben Wallace 14736:John Hutton 14681:Francis Pym 14676:Fred Mulley 14666:Ian Gilmour 14188:Chamberlain 14018:Castlereagh 13642:Hicks Beach 13617:Hicks Beach 13537:Spring Rice 13037:Westminster 12803:Chamberlain 12260:Birch Grove 12006:Roy Jenkins 11785:Hugh Dalton 11731:George Hall 11489:1803–2005: 11138:; 2008 for 10755:Cited texts 10745:Thorpe 2010 10696:Fisher 1982 10684:Fisher 1982 10672:Fisher 1982 10660:Fisher 1982 10645:Thorpe 2010 10448:: 376–385. 10216:. p. 1 10189:24 November 10180:Sussex Live 10162:Fisher 1982 10084:"No. 49660" 10031:Thorpe 2010 9963:Fisher 1982 9907:Fisher 1982 9895:Fisher 1982 9873:"No. 46872" 9847:Thorpe 2010 9823:Howard 1987 9798:Thorpe 2010 9693:Thorpe 2010 9681:Thorpe 2010 9654:Thorpe 2010 9642:Thorpe 2010 9519:Thorpe 2010 9495:Thorpe 2010 9483:Thorpe 2010 9415:Fisher 1982 9214:Wright 1999 9199:Ashton 2005 9184:Ashton 2005 9169:Ashton 2005 9137:Ashton 2005 9125:Ashton 2005 9089:Ashton 2005 9062:Ashton 2005 9047:Ashton 2005 9035:Ashton 2005 9020:Ashton 2005 9005:Ashton 2005 8990:Ashton 2005 8939:Thorpe 2010 8927:Thorpe 2010 8915:Thorpe 2010 8903:Thorpe 2010 8801:Ashton 2005 8789:Ashton 2005 8777:Ashton 2005 8765:Ashton 2005 8753:Ashton 2005 8546:Fisher 1982 8534:Fisher 1982 8373:Thorpe 2010 8361:Thorpe 2010 8225:Thorpe 2010 8201:Thorpe 2010 8189:Howard 1987 8165:Thorpe 2010 8153:Howard 1987 8105:Howard 1987 8093:Howard 1987 8081:Thorpe 2010 8057:Howard 1987 7839:Fisher 1982 7764:Fisher 1982 7752:Fisher 1982 7726:Fisher 1982 7682:Fisher 1982 7644:Macmillan, 7581:Macmillan, 7570:Thorpe 2010 7394:Ashton 2005 7370:Ashton 2005 7301:Fisher 1982 7276:Fisher 1982 7096:Fisher 1982 6989:Thorpe 2010 6974:13 December 6950:Thorpe 2010 6871:Thorpe 2010 6793:Thorpe 2010 6770:"No. 31958" 6723:Thorpe 2010 6553:"No. 29376" 6533:"No. 29500" 6513:"No. 28979" 6458:Thorpe 2010 6293:Fisher 1982 5166: 1995 5152: 1995 5138: 1990 5120: 1974 5050: 1957 5030:(1948–2016) 5017: 1943 4927:(1921–1984) 4884:(1894–1986) 4821:(1853–1936) 4784:(1813–1857) 4483:Birch Grove 4428:. Then the 4335:War Cabinet 4307:monetarists 3968:Ben Pimlott 3918:Resignation 3900:Nigel Birch 3857:Private Eye 3836:Birch Grove 3759:to station 3700:konfrontasi 3410:Valkeakoski 3384:The report 3331:wage freeze 3259:McMahon Act 3224:US Congress 3208:Calder Hall 3091:West Berlin 2953:Nigel Birch 2892:Jane Austen 2613:Suez Crisis 2404:victory of 2304:Dekemvriana 2251:(after the 2245:Duff Cooper 2175:Free French 1938:New Outlook 1543:War service 1474:Anglicanism 1471:High Church 1467:Ronald Knox 1334:corporatist 1300:. He was a 1294:Suez Crisis 1271:appeasement 1250:, wit, and 903:Roy Jenkins 891:Edward Wood 886:Preceded by 817:Preceded by 782:Preceded by 735:Preceded by 618:Preceded by 563:George Hall 558:Preceded by 506:Preceded by 451:Preceded by 402:Hugh Dalton 397:Preceded by 343:Preceded by 289:Preceded by 235:Preceded by 166:Preceded by 124:Preceded by 18719:Categories 18295:John Mason 18280:John Mason 17899:John Turke 17794:John Leech 17594:Thomas Bek 17529:Ralph Cole 17514:Ralph Cole 17381:Rab Butler 16778:Rab Butler 16069:2020 group 15890:Conference 15530:Stephenson 15493:McLoughlin 15366:Carrington 15040:Devonshire 15015:Malmesbury 15005:Wellington 14982:Leadership 14731:Des Browne 14721:Geoff Hoon 14330:Carrington 14138:Iddesleigh 14083:Malmesbury 14068:Malmesbury 14058:Palmerston 14048:Palmerston 14043:Wellington 14038:Palmerston 13978:Hawkesbury 13488:Vansittart 13468:Vansittart 13406:Dowdeswell 13391:Barrington 13222:Cottington 13092:Harvington 13067:Willoughby 13062:de la Leye 13052:G. Giffard 13047:W. Giffard 13014:of England 12642:Palmerston 12628:Palmerston 12579:Wellington 12558:Wellington 12454:Rockingham 12426:Rockingham 12398:Devonshire 12377:Wilmington 12245:(TV, 2017) 12218:Depictions 12135:(daughter) 12035:1984–1986 12000:1960–1986 11968:1942–1945 11938:1957–1963 11906:1957–1963 11879:1955–1957 11868:Rab Butler 11833:1954–1955 11806:1951–1954 11715:1940–1942 11130:(1997 for 10897:. London: 10721:Horne 1989 10630:21 October 10600:21 October 10570:21 October 10560:Depauw.edu 10540:21 October 10492:21 October 10290:5 December 10220:5 December 10127:0715624350 10069:0002550490 10043:Moore 2013 9734:Rab Butler 9719:047119431X 9391:Busch 2003 9350:Busch 2003 9326:Busch 2003 9113:Busch 2003 9101:Busch 2003 9077:Busch 2003 8888:21 October 8826:31 January 8507:18 October 8468:18 October 8434:18 October 8253:Horne 1989 7967:Horne 2008 7911:Horne 2008 7824:Horne 1989 7800:Horne 1989 7788:Horne 1988 7776:Horne 1988 7555:15 January 7501:Horne 2008 7489:Horne 1988 7477:Horne 1988 7465:Horne 1988 7453:Horne 1988 7441:Horne 1988 7429:Horne 1988 7382:Horne 1988 7355:Horne 1988 7343:Horne 2008 7331:Horne 1988 7252:Horne 1988 7240:Horne 1988 7228:Horne 1988 7216:Horne 1988 7140:Horne 1988 7128:Horne 1988 7111:Horne 1988 7064:Horne 1988 6926:Horne 1988 6805:Horne 1989 6745:Horne 2008 6700:"expelled" 6687:Horne 2008 6470:Horne 1988 6414:Horne 2008 6402:Horne 1988 6360:Horne 2008 6345:4 December 6305:Horne 2008 6278:, London, 6173:References 5943:Rab Butler 5917:Lord Mills 5791:Rab Butler 5681:Lord Mills 5612:Rab Butler 5489:Lord Mills 5435:Rab Butler 5338:Lord Mills 5222:Rab Butler 4680:Historian 4667:C. P. Snow 4514:president 4438:Rembrandts 4430:Canalettos 4294:, he told 4199:Chief Whip 3957:Succession 3927:Lord Poole 3908:Wordsworth 3578:Tanganyika 3450:Pathet Lao 3344:Daily Mail 3321:Britain's 3247:Thor IRBMs 3174:Kiritimati 3151:, and the 3145:Gold Coast 3031:, and the 2944:One Nation 2637:Guy Mollet 2633:Suez Canal 2629:Arab World 2597:John Major 2567:Rab Butler 2355:Yugoslavia 2222:Cunningham 2201:Eisenhower 2185:now dead. 2169:". At the 2078:Lord Moyne 1985:Winter War 1758:Chatsworth 1741:, married 1631:the Kaiser 1607:Rab Butler 1396:Early life 1306:Disraelian 1248:pragmatism 1071:politician 1060:Occupation 1049:Alma mater 948:1894-02-10 240:Rab Butler 114:Rab Butler 18655:The Crown 18007:1400–1500 17499:1224–1400 17363:Leo Amery 16402:Bow Group 16363:2010–2015 16358:2005–2010 15851:Voluntary 15426:Parkinson 15421:Mawhinney 15381:Parkinson 15346:Blakenham 15192:Macmillan 15117:Northcote 15045:Lansdowne 15035:Salisbury 14726:John Reid 14686:John Nott 14671:Roy Mason 14315:Callaghan 14243:Macmillan 14193:Henderson 14183:MacDonald 14163:Lansdowne 14158:Salisbury 14153:Kimberley 14143:Salisbury 14128:Salisbury 14123:Granville 14118:Salisbury 14108:Granville 14103:Clarendon 14093:Clarendon 14078:Clarendon 14063:Granville 14013:Wellesley 13973:Grenville 13777:Callaghan 13752:Macmillan 13742:Gaitskell 13607:Gladstone 13602:Northcote 13597:Gladstone 13577:Gladstone 13562:Gladstone 13504:Tenterden 13441:Addington 13431:Cavendish 13421:Cavendish 13411:Townshend 13401:Grenville 13380:Mansfield 13369:Lyttelton 13227:Colepeper 13192:Fortescue 13182:Sackville 13102:Stratford 13097:Wodehouse 13032:Leicester 12873:Callaghan 12838:Macmillan 12824:Churchill 12810:Churchill 12789:MacDonald 12775:MacDonald 12726:Salisbury 12712:Gladstone 12705:Salisbury 12698:Gladstone 12691:Salisbury 12684:Gladstone 12670:Gladstone 12593:Melbourne 12572:Melbourne 12537:Liverpool 12502:Addington 12461:Shelburne 12405:Newcastle 12391:Newcastle 12242:The Crown 11957:New title 11689:John Hunt 10967:(2008) . 10899:Routledge 10797:Macmillan 10344:The Times 10307:The Times 10246:The Times 9786:The Times 9666:Lamb 1995 9618:Lamb 1995 9468:Lamb 1995 8840:Lamb 1995 8741:The Times 8681:The Times 8612:154044321 8572:Macmillan 8559:Macmillan 7648:, p. 364. 7182:148757056 7174:1361-9462 7052:The Times 6615:Guardsmen 6386:The Times 6258:Lamb 1995 6163:RB(1963a) 6151:RB(1963a) 6090:John Hare 6002:Lord Home 5893:John Hare 5800:Lord Home 5720:John Hare 5621:Lord Home 5543:John Hare 5400:Lord Home 5372:John Hare 5262:Lord Home 4617:from the 4520:apartheid 4343:Pug Ismay 4229:Turf Club 4206:Turf Club 3765:Holy Loch 3717:in 1851: 3677:, Sabah ( 3606:Cape Town 3586:Nyasaland 3490:Dean Rusk 3368:Lord Avon 3339:Orpington 3212:plutonium 3204:Windscale 3041:work week 3005:whitewash 2649:Chartwell 2472:Bonar Law 2406:July 1945 2215:Alexander 2002:singing " 1959:, at the 1731:Newcastle 1648:(ADC) to 1585:Aeschylus 1429:from the 1322:Keynesian 1132:1914–1920 1102:Signature 1067:Publisher 876:In office 807:In office 772:In office 752:John Hunt 725:In office 596:In office 536:In office 484:In office 429:In office 375:In office 321:In office 267:In office 213:In office 156:In office 117:(1962–63) 87:In office 18657:season 2 16282:92 Group 16074:Activate 15646:Thatcher 15585:Whitelaw 15580:Maudling 15568:See also 15503:Cleverly 15371:Whitelaw 15327:Hailsham 15312:Assheton 15287:Davidson 15207:Thatcher 15112:Disraeli 15098:Disraeli 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