299:
1355:
742:
1196:
2884:
35:
2891:
901:
1417:
1844:
1344:
1855:
1901:
as they mature, to the extent that different growth stages were described as separate species, due in part to the presence or absence of spines. The purpose of the spines was puzzling, since in most island situations there is a tendency for plants to lose defenses - Hawaiʻi is noted for its
1961:
are often the first plants to disappear, even when the forest as a whole appears relatively healthy. Extinct species tended to have longer, more highly specialized flowers and to have narrower elevational and geographic ranges than the species that survived (Givnish et al. 1995).
1885:
are able to grow tall stalks is that they tend to grow in deep forest, often in narrow gulches on the older islands, where there is little wind. This characteristic of growing under dense cover also makes them more sensitive to disturbance of the forest.
1376:
are frequently found in more open areas and edges, and therefore persist better when forests become fragmented. Nevertheless, there are still many endangered species. The flowers are often large and spectacular; in section
763:. It was long thought to have been the result of a separate introduction, and its unique combination of characters made it difficult to place. These characters are the result of adaptation to growing on cliffs and
2924:) is extinct in the wild. Several species are known only from type specimens collected in the late 1800s. Several species are very poorly known, and their status as species is questionable. For example,
3122:
Givnish, T. J.; E. Knox; T. B. Patterson; J. R. Hapeman; J. D. Palmer; K. J. Sytsma (1996). "The
Hawaiian lobelioids are monophyletic and underwent a rapid initial radiation roughly 15 million years ago".
1930:
that formerly inhabited the islands (Givnish et al. 1995). These birds were apparently driven extinct by the
Hawaiians before Europeans reached the islands, but their evolutionary effects live on.
295:
have a short, thick stem with a dense cluster of broad leaves, elongate white flowers, and capsular fruits. The relationships among the genera and sections remains unsettled as of April 2022.
2920:
fruit are orange, though some are also purple or blue). It is notable in part because it has suffered so much: only three of the nine species known to science are still extant, and one of these (
1870:
is the largest and most morphologically diverse group of
Hawaiian lobelioids, with more than 70 species. Most grow as a single stem or as a cluster branching near the ground, but a few, such as
1969:
on each major island tend to differ in flower tube length and mean elevation, apparently reflecting a partitioning of ecological and reproductive resources. The total number of species of
1225:
seeds to escape. They can be quite spectacular when in flower, with multiple flower branches and hundreds of flowers. Individual plants live for 5–10 years before flowering and dying.
1221:
by its unique dispersal method. Rather than drying and splitting apart, the outer (green) wall of the fruit disintegrates, revealing a perforated hard "frame" that allows the tiny
444:
that includes genera and sections from Hawaii is shown below, with added shading to show those treated as
Hawaiian lobelioids, which do not form a single clade in this study.
1981:
communities requires more than 0.6 million years (the age of Hawaii) and less than 1.5 million years (the age of Maui) to run to ecological saturation (Givnish et al. 2008).
1278:
1240:
263:
in the
Hawaiian Islands, and indeed the largest on any island archipelago, with over 125 species. The six genera involved can be broadly separated based on growth habit:
1746:
1257:
204:
191:
340:
and pigs. Seedlings are also vulnerable to disturbance by pig digging, and in areas with high densities of pigs it is not uncommon to find the only lobelioids being
1689:
2645:
1805:
1731:
1489:
3089:
1674:
1628:
1447:
990:
1996:
1594:
1079:
3013:
2434:
3055:
3002:
2859:
2820:
2740:
2537:
2482:
2419:
2359:
2168:
1817:
1764:
1659:
1559:
1542:
3036:
2809:
2755:
2656:
2559:
2457:
2408:
1166:
1011:
3066:
2725:
2397:
2248:
2213:
1057:
2980:
2317:
2283:
2141:
1878:
of Kauaʻi, can grow to over 9 metres (30 ft) tall - something that is especially notable given the relative thinness of the stem and soft wood.
1068:
1037:
3256:
2634:
2328:
2224:
2061:
2702:
2611:
2572:
2548:
2114:
1155:
3152:
Givnish, T. J.; K. C. Millam; A. R. Mast; T. B. Patterson; T. J. Theim; A. L. Hipp; J. M. Henss; J. F. Smith; K. R. Wood; K. J. Sytsma (2008).
2237:
2932:
are both from Hawaiʻi and their flowers are identical; it is possible that they represent different growth forms of the same species (both
352:
The group contains morphologically divergent species, and was long thought to have derived from at least three introductions: one for
3344:
Givnish, T. J.; K. J. Sytsma; J. F. Smith; W. S. Hahn (1995). "Molecular evolution, adaptive radiation, and geographic speciation in
2952:. All three of these are believed to be extinct, and unless new specimens turn up there is no way to resolve questions about them.
283:
are typically unbranched or branching only at the base, with a cluster of relatively broad leaves at the apex and fleshy fruits;
1405:. The larvae of Drosophilidae flies breed in the rotting bark, leaves, flowers, and fruit of all lobelioids, but primarily
3269:
3389:
3158:
2229:
1769:
777:. This moth is now itself listed as endangered, surviving mainly on the southern slopes of Maui, well away from where
3379:
3327:
2916:
in many ways, differing primarily in the flower (with a small knob on the dorsal side) and fruit (dark purple; most
291:
have long thin leaves down a single, non-woody stem and capsular fruits with wind-dispersed seeds; and the peculiar
3384:
942:, the smaller lobelias of rocky crests and interior rock walls), based on flower color and other characters. Like
935:
1409:
since it is largest and most common. Several species of these native plants, especially on the Big Island, are
34:
805:
enjoys some small scale popularity as a house plant. The genus is named in honour of the first director of the
1953:
East Maui where almost no native habitat remains. Because they are particularly sensitive to disturbance by
380:
sequence evidence, it was later suggested that all are derived from a single introduction. This was likely a
3042:
2020:
1495:
3276:
1547:
978:
954:
is a dry capsule. These species are probably the closest in appearance to the original
Hawaiian colonist.
781:
live. Some pollination may be done by closely related alien hawkmoths such as the five-spotted hawkmoth (
1288:
3319:
3125:
2474:
2897:
of Kauaʻi. Note the small knob about 1/3 of the way down the flower, one of the characters separating
3154:"Origin, adaptive radiation and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae)"
1317:
3297:
3394:
1471:
806:
3357:
1898:
1643:
1530:
783:
393:
3024:
2970:
1973:
can be predicted rather precisely from the height and area of each of the major islands except
1507:
1396:
1284:
3212:"Systematics of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae): review, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses"
3374:
3284:
2518:
2501:
2040:
1757:
1609:
1578:
1401:
810:
389:
1918:
animals were known. However, it is now believed that the spines were a defense against the
2564:
2370:
1950:
1915:
1793:
972:
2940:
are known to undergo changes in vegetative morphology during the lifetime of the plant).
8:
3077:
2991:
2781:
2347:
2090:
2033:
1704:
1127:
1115:
912:
3234:
3211:
3184:
3153:
3134:
2761:
2667:
2595:
2583:
2525:
2381:
2294:
2202:
2179:
1781:
1752:
1095:
1021:
826:
801:
by botanists to ensure seed set. Both species are now extremely rare in the wild, but
773:
260:
29:
3210:
Kagame, Samuel Paul; Gichira, Andrew W.; Chen, Ling-Yun & Wang, Qing-Feng (2021).
3353:
3323:
3239:
3189:
2966:
section
Delissea: nearly straight flowers 14–26 millimetres (0.55–1.02 in) long
2769:
2468:
2271:
2125:
2072:
1354:
1143:
1090:
385:
1893:
is their tendency to grow spines or thorns on the stem and leaves (see the photo of
1222:
3229:
3219:
3179:
3171:
2713:
2690:
2190:
2013:
1911:
1386:
923:
852:
798:
789:
298:
256:
1897:). This is most pronounced in younger plants, and some species undergo a kind of
727:
The authors of the 2021 study described the taxonomy of several genera, including
2847:
2835:
2134:
2102:
2078:
1974:
1464:
1323:
1250:
1108:
1043:
858:
236:
72:
3224:
2890:
2797:
2622:
2510:
1866:
1460:
741:
218:
174:
59:
2883:
1954:
1933:
Many species are now extinct or have not been seen in decades. These include
1195:
325:
3368:
3167:
2494:
2445:
2306:
2259:
2156:
1946:
1203:
244:
118:
3151:
3051:
section
Macranthae: curved flowers 37–60 millimetres (1.5–2.4 in) long
1389:, giving the appearance of a flower with twice the normal number of petals.
1343:
3243:
3193:
3175:
2949:
2678:
2334:
1907:
1621:
1519:
248:
128:
3121:
3133:(6 Supplement). Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of America: 159.
2790:
2001:
1523:
1477:
1262:
1245:
995:
764:
636:
428:
that was closely related to giant
African and South American lobelioids.
309:
Many species have beautiful and spectacular flowers, especially those in
3343:
900:
3138:
1903:
1710:
1368:, with 22 species, are the most common of Hawaiian lobelioids. Unlike
1361:, showing the tiny calyx lobes of section Clermontioideae (dark green).
926:. However, many lobelioid genera are derived from it and it is highly
768:
165:
1416:
392:
were high islands and long before the current main islands existed. A
1854:
1843:
927:
908:
756:
441:
437:
329:
240:
156:
108:
328:; the stems are only partly woody, and contain few defenses against
3348:(Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae)". In W. L. Wagner and V. Funk (ed.).
3315:
2147:
1919:
1410:
1017:
832:
642:
341:
321:
252:
183:
98:
85:
2046:
1571:
1302:
1004:
895:
867:
731:, as "particularly frustrating" and called for further research.
470:
2945:
1136:
845:
760:
3309:
922:
is a cosmopolitan genus of over 350 species, including common
2083:
2050:
1923:
1382:
1306:
1271:
1104:
1030:
871:
841:
425:
333:
318:
268:
46:
748:, dense cluster of broad leaves with elongate white flowers.
384:-like species that arrived about 13 million years ago, when
332:. The bark contains a milky (but apparently non-poisonous)
2054:
2026:
2006:
1927:
1310:
1298:
1207:
1000:
983:
875:
272:
3350:
3267:
1945:, a cluster of species that formerly inhabited the drier,
377:
337:
275:, up to 7 metres (23 ft) tall, with fleshy fruits;
930:. The Hawaiian species are divided into two sections (
3209:
2944:
was known only from the type, which was destroyed in
3205:
3203:
1350:, showing the "double flower" of section Clermontia.
3338:
The standard reference for Hawaiian plant taxonomy.
1395:is a very important host plant for many species of
968:section Galeatella: flowers red or yellow to white
3310:Wagner, W. L.; D. R. Herbst; S. H. Sohmer (1990).
1977:(the Big Island), suggesting that the assembly of
793:). Despite their inaccessible habitat on cliffs,
305:, long terminal inflorescences of magenta flowers.
3200:
317:. They are also highly vulnerable to feeding by
3366:
3268:Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989).
1874:, grow as multi-branched shrubs. Some, such as
1372:, which are typically found in dense forest,
1053:section Revolutella: flowers blue or magenta
432:formed a separate clade with some species of
1385:lobes are similar in color and size to the
3145:
3115:
1850:, one of the species with abundant spines.
3233:
3223:
3183:
2279:(Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui, Hawaiʻi†)
755:is quite unlike the other genera, with a
3312:Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
2889:
2882:
1853:
1842:
1415:
1353:
1342:
1194:
899:
740:
297:
3367:
3261:
3046:(Niʻihau†, Kauaʻi†, Maui†, Hawaiʻi)
396:study published in 2021 found that
344:on larger trees or on fallen logs.
13:
3257:National Tropical Botanical Garden
3159:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
884:* species is listed as endangered
14:
3406:
1889:An interesting character of many
1188:
3270:"ʻOhawai, haha, tree clermontia"
3103:† species believed to be extinct
2871:† species believed to be extinct
1831:† species believed to be extinct
1443:: calyx lobes similar to petals
1331:† species believed to be extinct
1183:† species believed to be extinct
934:, the giant lobelias of montane
882:† species believed to be extinct
478:(from Africa and South America)
33:
3105:* species is listed Endangered
2873:* species is listed Endangered
1833:* species is listed Endangered
1655:(Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui)
1333:* species is listed Endangered
1185:* species is listed Endangered
3250:
1:
3108:
1861:, one of the largest species.
1336:
787:) and pink-spotted hawkmoth (
759:stem and long, thin, tubular
646:(from other Pacific islands)
3277:United States Forest Service
2387:Lammers Givnish & Sytsma
1624:, Puna, and Kaʻū on Hawaiʻi)
734:
259:. This is the largest plant
7:
3225:10.3897/phytokeys.174.59555
2876:
1727:: calyx lobes short, green
1279:Trematolobelia macrostachys
1200:Trematolobelia macrostachys
347:
10:
3411:
3320:University of Hawaii Press
3126:American Journal of Botany
1241:Trematolobelia grandifolia
1103:(Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi,
893:
887:
3390:Natural history of Hawaii
1836:
1747:Clermontia clermontioides
1359:Clermontia clermontioides
1318:Trematolobelia singularis
1258:Trematolobelia kauaiensis
682:
664:
657:
633:
626:
573:
552:
545:
524:
517:
496:
489:
466:
459:
452:
336:, and is often chewed by
152:
147:
30:Scientific classification
28:
23:
16:Group of flowering plants
3380:Lists of flora of Hawaii
1742:(Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui)
1503:(Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui)
1472:Clermontia drepanomorpha
807:Bernice P. Bishop Museum
767:by the endemic Hawaiian
3385:Endemic flora of Hawaii
3358:Smithsonian Institution
1690:Clermontia persicifolia
1644:Clermontia oblongifolia
1555:(Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui)
1531:Clermontia hanaulaensis
267:are typically branched
3292:Cite journal requires
3176:10.1098/rspb.2008.1204
3025:Delissea rhytidosperma
2971:Delissea argutidentata
2906:
2895:Delissea rhytidosperma
2887:
2646:Cyanea purpurellifolia
2391:Rollandia angustifolia
1862:
1851:
1806:Clermontia tuberculata
1732:Clermontia arborescens
1508:Clermontia hawaiiensis
1490:Clermontia grandiflora
1425:
1397:Hawaiian Drosophilidae
1362:
1351:
1217:is distinguished from
1211:
916:
749:
394:molecular phylogenetic
306:
3090:Delissea waianaeensis
2893:
2886:
2184:Lammers & Lorence
1912:thornless raspberries
1857:
1846:
1675:Clermontia parviflora
1629:Clermontia multiflora
1610:Clermontia montis-loa
1579:Clermontia lindseyana
1448:Clermontia calophylla
1419:
1402:Drosophila silvestris
1357:
1346:
1198:
991:Lobelia gloria-montis
905:Lobelia gloria-montis
903:
811:William Tufts Brigham
744:
390:French Frigate Shoals
301:
2371:Cyanea kolekoleensis
2302:(east Maui, Hawaiʻi)
2265:(F.Wimmer) H.St.John
1997:Cyanea aculeatiflora
1794:Clermontia pyrularia
1639:(Oʻahu†, west Maui†)
1595:Clermontia micrantha
1590:(Hawaiʻi, east Maui)
1080:Lobelia hillebrandii
973:Lobelia gaudichaudii
440:. The part of their
148:Genera and sections
24:Hawaiian lobelioids
3360:. pp. 288–337.
3078:Delissea subcordata
3014:Delissea parviflora
2992:Delissea kauaiensis
2975:(E.Wimm.) H.St.John
2867:- hanaʻlau (Kauaʻi)
2782:Cyanea stictophylla
2672:(Hillebr.) F.Wimmer
2661:(Hillebr.) F.Wimmer
2453:(Lānaʻi, west Maui)
2435:Cyanea linearifolia
2375:(H.St.John) Lammers
2364:(H.St.John) Lammers
2348:Cyanea humboldtiana
2288:(H.St.John) Lammers
2207:(H.St.John) Lammers
2091:Cyanea asplenifolia
2034:Cyanea angustifolia
1881:Part of the reason
1705:Clermontia samuelii
1605:(Lānaʻi, west Maui)
1128:Lobelia niihauensis
1116:Lobelia monostachya
303:Lobelia niihauensis
251:, all of which are
233:Hawaiian lobelioids
142:Hawaiian lobelioids
3056:Delissea laciniata
3003:Delissea lauliiana
2942:Delissea lauliiana
2907:
2888:
2860:Cyanea leptostegia
2821:Cyanea tritomantha
2741:Cyanea solenocalyx
2668:Cyanea quercifolia
2596:Cyanea platyphylla
2584:Cyanea pinnatifida
2538:Cyanea membranacea
2526:Cyanea mceldowneyi
2483:Cyanea macrostegia
2420:Cyanea leptostegia
2382:Cyanea koolauensis
2360:Cyanea kahiliensis
2295:Cyanea hamatiflora
2203:Cyanea eleeleensis
2180:Cyanea dolichopoda
2169:Cyanea degeneriana
1910:, and (not quite)
1895:Cyanea platyphylla
1863:
1859:Cyanea leptostegia
1852:
1848:Cyanea platyphylla
1818:Clermontia waimeae
1782:Clermontia peleana
1765:Clermontia fauriei
1685:(windward Hawaiʻi)
1679:Gaudich. ex A.Gray
1660:Clermontia pallida
1560:Clermontia kohalae
1543:Clermontia kakeana
1426:
1363:
1352:
1348:Clermontia pallida
1212:
1101:Kuhiʻaikamoʻowahie
917:
827:Brighamia insignis
784:M. quinquemaculata
774:Manduca blackburni
750:
746:Brighamia insignis
307:
3354:Washington, D. C.
3096:
3084:
3073:(Oʻahu†, Lānaʻi†)
3072:
3061:
3045:
3037:Delissea undulata
3031:
3019:
3008:
2997:
2996:(Lammers) Lammers
2986:
2976:
2866:
2854:
2842:
2826:
2815:
2810:Cyanea sylvestris
2804:
2788:
2776:
2770:Cyanea st.-johnii
2764:
2756:Cyanea spathulata
2746:
2731:
2720:
2708:
2697:
2685:
2673:
2662:
2657:Cyanea pycnocarpa
2651:
2640:
2629:
2617:
2602:
2601:(A.Gray) Hillebr.
2590:
2578:
2567:
2560:Cyanea parvifolia
2554:
2553:(A.Gray) Hillebr.
2543:
2532:
2516:
2505:
2489:
2477:
2469:Cyanea longiflora
2463:
2458:Cyanea longissima
2452:
2440:
2425:
2414:
2409:Cyanea lanceolata
2403:
2388:
2376:
2365:
2354:
2338:
2323:
2322:(H.Mann) Hillebr.
2312:
2301:
2289:
2278:
2272:Cyanea grimesiana
2266:
2254:
2243:
2242:(H.Mann) Hillebr.
2232:
2219:
2208:
2197:
2185:
2174:
2163:
2151:
2132:
2126:Cyanea copelandii
2120:
2109:
2097:
2096:(H.Mann) Hillebr.
2081:
2073:Cyanea asarifolia
2067:
2044:
2024:
2004:
1922:, giant browsing
1788:
1772:
1755:
1737:
1736:(H.Mann) Hillebr.
1713:
1695:
1680:
1665:
1650:
1634:
1615:
1600:
1585:
1565:
1550:
1513:
1498:
1485:(Kohala, Hawaiʻi)
1480:
1454:
1326:
1292:
1265:
1248:
1172:
1167:Lobelia yuccoides
1161:
1150:
1144:Lobelia oahuensis
1139:†, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu)
1134:
1122:
1098:
1091:Lobelia hypoleuca
1085:
1074:
1063:
1047:
1024:
1012:Lobelia kauaensis
998:
981:
861:
835:
724:
723:
715:
714:
706:
705:
697:
696:
615:
614:
606:
605:
597:
596:
588:
587:
386:Gardner Pinnacles
229:
228:
223:
214:
201:
188:
179:
170:
161:
3402:
3361:
3333:
3302:
3301:
3295:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3274:
3265:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3227:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3119:
3094:
3082:
3070:
3067:Delissea sinuata
3059:
3041:
3029:
3017:
3006:
2995:
2984:
2974:
2864:
2852:
2840:
2824:
2813:
2802:
2786:
2774:
2759:
2744:
2729:
2726:Cyanea solenacea
2718:
2714:Cyanea shipmanii
2706:
2695:
2691:Cyanea rivularis
2684:(Wawra) Hillebr.
2683:
2671:
2660:
2649:
2638:
2627:
2615:
2600:
2589:(Cham.) F.Wimmer
2588:
2576:
2563:
2552:
2541:
2530:
2514:
2499:
2487:
2473:
2462:(Rock) H.St.John
2461:
2450:
2438:
2423:
2412:
2401:
2398:Cyanea kunthiana
2386:
2374:
2363:
2352:
2332:
2321:
2310:
2299:
2287:
2276:
2264:
2252:
2249:Cyanea giffardii
2241:
2228:
2217:
2214:Cyanea elliptica
2206:
2195:
2191:Cyanea dunbariae
2183:
2172:
2161:
2145:
2130:
2118:
2107:
2095:
2077:
2065:
2038:
2018:
2014:Cyanea acuminata
2000:
1914:- and no native
1789:(Hawaiʻi, Maui?)
1786:
1768:
1750:
1735:
1709:
1693:
1678:
1663:
1648:
1632:
1613:
1598:
1583:
1563:
1546:
1511:
1494:
1476:
1452:
1322:
1282:
1261:
1244:
1170:
1159:
1148:
1132:
1120:
1094:
1083:
1072:
1061:
1058:Lobelia dunbarii
1041:
1015:
994:
977:
857:
853:Brighamia rockii
831:
790:Agrius cingulata
688:
671:
667:Some species of
660:
659:
629:
628:
579:
562:
548:
547:
534:
520:
519:
506:
492:
491:
468:Some species of
462:
461:
455:
454:
448:
447:
436:, which was not
257:Hawaiian Islands
237:flowering plants
222:
213:
209:
200:
196:
187:
178:
169:
160:
38:
37:
21:
20:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3395:Trees of Hawaii
3365:
3364:
3330:
3306:
3305:
3293:
3291:
3282:
3281:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3251:
3208:
3201:
3150:
3146:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3104:
2981:Delissea fallax
2881:
2872:
2848:Cyanea undulata
2836:Cyanea truncata
2318:Cyanea hirtella
2284:Cyanea habenata
2142:Cyanea coriacea
2103:Cyanea calycina
1926:and goose-like
1872:C. stictophylla
1841:
1832:
1777:(Kauaʻi, Oʻahu)
1725:Clermontioideae
1599:(Hillebr.) Rock
1512:(Hillebr.) Rock
1341:
1332:
1193:
1184:
1177:(Kauaʻi, Oʻahu)
1069:Lobelia grayana
1038:Lobelia villosa
950:, the fruit of
898:
892:
883:
799:hand-pollinated
739:
725:
716:
707:
698:
684:
666:
616:
607:
598:
589:
575:
554:
526:
498:
350:
235:are a group of
207:
194:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3408:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3363:
3362:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3328:
3304:
3303:
3294:|journal=
3260:
3249:
3218:(174): 13–45.
3199:
3144:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3086:
3074:
3063:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3033:
3021:
3010:
2999:
2988:
2977:
2912:is similar to
2880:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2817:
2806:
2803:(Cham.) A.Gray
2798:Cyanea superba
2794:
2778:
2766:
2752:
2737:
2722:
2710:
2699:
2687:
2675:
2664:
2653:
2642:
2635:Cyanea profuga
2631:
2623:Cyanea procera
2619:
2608:
2592:
2580:
2569:
2556:
2545:
2534:
2522:
2511:Cyanea marksii
2507:
2491:
2490:(Lānaʻi, Maui)
2479:
2465:
2454:
2442:
2431:
2416:
2405:
2394:
2389:(new name for
2378:
2367:
2356:
2344:
2329:Cyanea horrida
2325:
2314:
2303:
2291:
2280:
2268:
2256:
2245:
2234:
2225:Cyanea fauriei
2221:
2220:(Lānaʻi, Maui)
2218:(Rock) Lammers
2210:
2199:
2187:
2176:
2165:
2153:
2138:
2122:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2069:
2062:Cyanea arborea
2058:
2030:
2010:
1908:mintless mints
1876:C. leptostegia
1840:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1775:Hāhāʻaiakamanu
1761:
1758:Kona Districts
1743:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1701:
1686:
1671:
1656:
1640:
1625:
1606:
1591:
1575:
1556:
1539:
1527:
1504:
1486:
1468:
1420:Rat damage on
1340:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1314:
1275:
1254:
1223:wind-dispersed
1215:Trematolobelia
1192:
1190:Trematolobelia
1187:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1163:
1152:
1140:
1124:
1121:(Rock) Lammers
1112:
1087:
1076:
1065:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1034:
1008:
987:
948:Trematolobelia
894:Main article:
891:
886:
880:
879:
849:
797:are sometimes
738:
733:
722:
721:
718:
717:
713:
712:
709:
708:
704:
703:
700:
699:
695:
694:
691:
690:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
663:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
632:
627:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
613:
612:
609:
608:
604:
603:
600:
599:
595:
594:
591:
590:
586:
585:
582:
581:
577:Trematolobelia
572:
569:
568:
565:
564:
551:
546:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
523:
518:
516:
513:
512:
509:
508:
495:
490:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
476:Rhynchopetalum
465:
460:
458:
453:
451:
446:
406:Trematolobelia
364:, and one for
358:Trematolobelia
349:
346:
315:Trematolobelia
289:Trematolobelia
227:
226:
225:
224:
219:Trematolobelia
215:
202:
189:
180:
171:
162:
150:
149:
145:
144:
139:
136:Informal group
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
89:
88:
83:
76:
75:
70:
63:
62:
57:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3407:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3329:0-8248-1152-6
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3299:
3286:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3204:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3168:Royal Society
3165:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2930:D. parviflora
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2879:
2874:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2703:Cyanea scabra
2700:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2612:Cyanea pohaku
2609:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2573:Cyanea pilosa
2570:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2549:Cyanea obtusa
2546:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2495:Cyanea mannii
2492:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2447:
2446:Cyanea lobata
2443:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2307:Cyanea hardyi
2304:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2261:
2260:Cyanea glabra
2257:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2158:
2157:Cyanea crispa
2154:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2115:Cyanea comata
2112:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1899:metamorphosis
1896:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1834:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1186:
1176:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1156:Lobelia remyi
1153:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
992:
988:
985:
980:
975:
974:
970:
969:
967:
966:
965:
964:
961:
960:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
890:
885:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
855:
854:
850:
847:
843:
839:
834:
829:
828:
824:
823:
822:
821:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
743:
737:
732:
730:
720:
719:
711:
710:
702:
701:
693:
692:
689:
687:
680:
679:
676:
675:
672:
670:
662:
661:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
645:
644:
639:
638:
631:
630:
624:
623:
620:
619:
611:
610:
602:
601:
593:
592:
584:
583:
580:
578:
571:
570:
567:
566:
563:
561:
557:
550:
549:
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
533:
529:
522:
521:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
505:
501:
494:
493:
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
477:
473:
472:
464:
463:
457:
456:
450:
449:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
312:
304:
300:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:Campanulaceae
242:
238:
234:
221:
220:
216:
212:
211:
203:
199:
198:
190:
186:
185:
181:
177:
176:
172:
168:
167:
163:
159:
158:
154:
153:
151:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
119:Campanulaceae
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
61:
60:Tracheophytes
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
41:
36:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3375:Lobelioideae
3349:
3345:
3311:
3285:cite journal
3263:
3252:
3215:
3163:
3157:
3147:
3130:
3124:
3117:
3102:
3088:
3076:
3065:
3054:
3035:
3023:
3012:
3001:
2990:
2979:
2969:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2950:World War II
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2877:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2828:
2819:
2808:
2796:
2780:
2768:
2754:
2748:
2739:
2733:
2724:
2712:
2701:
2689:
2679:Cyanea recta
2677:
2674:(east Maui†)
2666:
2655:
2644:
2633:
2621:
2618:(east Maui†)
2610:
2604:
2594:
2582:
2571:
2558:
2547:
2536:
2524:
2509:
2493:
2481:
2467:
2464:(east Maui†)
2456:
2444:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2407:
2396:
2390:
2380:
2369:
2358:
2346:
2340:
2337:& Hosaka
2327:
2316:
2305:
2293:
2282:
2270:
2258:
2247:
2238:Cyanea fissa
2236:
2223:
2212:
2201:
2198:- Molokaʻi†)
2189:
2178:
2167:
2155:
2140:
2133:(east Maui,
2124:
2121:(east Maui†)
2113:
2101:
2089:
2071:
2068:(east Maui†)
2060:
2032:
2012:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1958:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1902:nettle-less
1894:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1847:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1780:
1774:
1763:
1745:
1740:ʻŌhā wai nui
1739:
1730:
1724:
1715:
1703:
1697:
1688:
1682:
1673:
1667:
1658:
1652:
1642:
1636:
1627:
1617:
1608:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1577:
1570:(Kohala and
1567:
1558:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1488:
1482:
1470:
1457:ʻŌhā wai nui
1456:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1347:
1337:
1330:
1316:
1294:
1291:) A. Zahlbr.
1277:
1267:
1256:
1239:
1233:
1230:Trematobelia
1229:
1228:
1227:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1204:Mount Kaʻala
1199:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1165:
1154:
1142:
1126:
1114:
1100:
1089:
1078:
1067:
1056:
1046:& Hosaka
1036:
1026:
1010:
989:
971:
962:
958:
957:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
931:
928:paraphyletic
919:
918:
904:
888:
881:
863:
851:
837:
825:
817:
816:
815:
802:
794:
788:
782:
778:
772:
752:
751:
745:
735:
728:
726:
685:
683:
668:
665:
641:
635:
634:
576:
574:
559:
555:
553:
531:
527:
525:
503:
499:
497:
475:
469:
467:
438:monophyletic
433:
429:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
381:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
351:
314:
310:
308:
302:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
264:
249:Lobelioideae
247:, subfamily
232:
230:
217:
205:
192:
182:
173:
164:
155:
141:
135:
129:Lobelioideae
92:
79:
66:
53:
18:
2922:D. undulata
2841:(Rock) Rock
2793:on Hawaiʻi)
2760:(Hillebr.)
2709:(west Maui)
2641:(Molokaʻi†)
2630:(Molokaʻi†)
2533:(east Maui)
2343:(east Maui)
1965:Species of
1760:on Hawaiʻi)
1751:(Gaudich.)
1718:(east Maui)
1574:on Hawaiʻi)
1538:(west Maui)
1526:on Hawaiʻi)
1313:, Hawaiʻi†)
940:Revolutella
924:ornamentals
803:B. insignis
765:pollination
637:Sclerotheca
532:Revolutella
422:Revolutella
376:. Based on
210:Revolutella
125:Subfamily:
73:Angiosperms
3369:Categories
3170:: 407–16.
3109:References
3020:(Hawaiʻi†)
2987:(Hawaiʻi†)
2853:C.N.Forbes
2789:(Kona and
2751:(Molokaʻi)
2736:(Molokaʻi)
2663:(Hawaiʻi†)
2639:C.N.Forbes
2565:C.N.Forbes
2521:, Hawaiʻi)
2506:(Molokaʻi)
2504:) Hillebr.
2255:(Hawaiʻi†)
2150:) Hillebr.
2043:) Hillebr.
2023:) Hillebr.
1935:C. arborea
1756:(Kaʻū and
1711:F.B.Forbes
1670:(Molokaʻi)
1516:ʻŌhā kēpau
1441:Clermontia
1430:Clermontia
1422:Clermontia
1407:Clermontia
1399:, such as
1393:Clermontia
1379:Clermontia
1374:Clermontia
1366:Clermontia
1338:Clermontia
1064:(Molokaʻi)
932:Galeatella
909:Puʻu Kukui
686:Clermontia
560:Galeatella
430:Clermontia
414:Galeatella
366:Clermontia
360:, one for
326:feral pigs
265:Clermontia
241:bellflower
197:Galeatella
166:Clermontia
3216:PhytoKeys
2926:D. fallax
2855:(Kauaʻi†)
2831:(Hawaiʻi)
2721:(Hawaiʻi)
2698:(Kauaʻi†)
2686:(Kauaʻi†)
2607:(Hawaiʻi)
2579:(Hawaiʻi)
2568:(Kauaʻi†)
2441:(Kauaʻi†)
2393:) (Oʻahu)
2209:(Kauaʻi†)
2186:(Kauaʻi†)
2175:(Hawaiʻi)
2173:F. Wimmer
2079:H.St.John
1949:areas of
1943:C. pohaku
1939:C. comata
1825:(Hawaiʻi)
1801:(Hawaiʻi)
1411:epiphytic
1324:H.St.John
1133:H.St.John
1044:H.St.John
1022:A. Heller
944:Brighamia
913:West Maui
859:H.St.John
818:Brighamia
795:Brighamia
779:Brighamia
757:succulent
753:Brighamia
736:Brighamia
504:Brighamia
442:cladogram
424:formed a
402:Brighamia
362:Brighamia
342:epiphytic
330:herbivory
322:ungulates
293:Brighamia
271:or small
261:radiation
157:Brighamia
109:Asterales
43:Kingdom:
3316:Honolulu
3244:33746531
3194:18854299
3166:(1656).
3083:Gaudich.
3071:Hillebr.
3062:(Oʻahu†)
3043:Gaudich.
3032:(Kauaʻi)
3018:Hillebr.
3009:(Oʻahu†)
2998:(Kauaʻi)
2985:Hillebr.
2957:Delissea
2934:Delissea
2910:Delissea
2899:Delissea
2878:Delissea
2829:ʻAkūʻakū
2816:(Kauaʻi)
2814:A.Heller
2765:(Kauaʻi)
2762:A.Heller
2749:Pua kala
2745:Hillebr.
2730:Hillebr.
2707:Hillebr.
2628:Hillebr.
2605:ʻAkūʻakū
2488:Hillebr.
2430:(Kauaʻi)
2428:Hāhā lua
2413:Gaudich.
2402:Hillebr.
2377:(Kauaʻi)
2366:(Kauaʻi)
2353:Gaudich.
2341:Hāhā nui
2324:(Kauaʻi)
2313:(Kauaʻi)
2290:(Kauaʻi)
2277:Gaudich.
2244:(Kauaʻi)
2233:(Kauaʻi)
2162:Gaudich.
2152:(Kauaʻi)
2119:Hillebr.
2066:Hillebr.
2047:Molokaʻi
2045:(Oʻahu,
2021:Gaudich.
1920:moa-nalo
1916:browsing
1823:ʻŌhā wai
1811:ʻŌhā wai
1799:ʻŌhā wai
1753:A.Heller
1723:section
1716:ʻŌhā wai
1698:ʻŌhā wai
1694:Gaudich.
1683:ʻŌhā wai
1668:ʻŌhā wai
1664:Hillebr.
1653:ʻŌhā wai
1649:Gaudich.
1637:ʻŌhā wai
1633:Hillebr.
1618:ʻŌhā wai
1603:ʻŌhā wai
1588:ʻŌhā wai
1568:ʻŌhā wai
1553:ʻŌhā wai
1536:ʻŌhā wai
1501:ʻŌhā wai
1496:Gaudich.
1483:ʻŌhā wai
1453:F.Wimmer
1439:section
1303:Molokaʻi
1175:Pānaunau
1171:Hillebr.
1162:(Oʻahu†)
1107:, Maui,
1096:Hillebr.
1073:F.Wimmer
1048:(Kauaʻi)
1005:Molokaʻi
868:Molokaʻi
864:Pua ʻAla
769:hawkmoth
643:Apetahia
500:Delissea
398:Delissea
374:Delissea
348:Taxonomy
324:such as
281:Delissea
243:family,
206:Lobelia
193:Lobelia
184:Delissea
115:Family:
99:Asterids
86:Eudicots
3235:7954781
3185:2664350
3139:2445804
3097:(Oʻahu)
3095:Lammers
3085:(Oʻahu)
3060:Hillebr
3007:Lammers
2961:species
2948:during
2843:(Oʻahu)
2805:(Oʻahu)
2777:(Oʻahu)
2652:(Oʻahu)
2616:Lammers
2591:(Oʻahu)
2555:(Maui†)
2544:(Oʻahu)
2502:Brigham
2478:(Oʻahu)
2415:(Oʻahu)
2355:(Oʻahu)
2333:(Rock)
2267:(Maui†)
2164:(Oʻahu)
2135:Hawaiʻi
2110:(Oʻahu)
2108:Lammers
1990:species
1975:Hawaiʻi
1951:leeward
1904:nettles
1700:(Oʻahu)
1572:Hāmākua
1465:Hawaiʻi
1434:species
1387:corolla
1327:(Oʻahu)
1251:Hawaiʻi
1234:species
1219:Lobelia
1151:(Oʻahu)
1137:Niʻihau
1123:(Oʻahu)
1109:Hawaiʻi
1042:(Rock)
963:species
959:Lobelia
952:Lobelia
920:Lobelia
896:Lobelia
889:Lobelia
846:Niʻihau
820:species
761:flowers
729:Lobelia
556:Lobelia
528:Lobelia
471:Lobelia
418:Lobelia
410:Lobelia
382:Lobelia
354:Lobelia
311:Lobelia
285:Lobelia
255:to the
253:endemic
239:in the
105:Order:
47:Plantae
3346:Cyanea
3326:
3242:
3232:
3192:
3182:
3137:
3030:H.Mann
2946:Berlin
2938:Cyanea
2918:Cyanea
2914:Cyanea
2903:Cyanea
2865:A.Gray
2825:A.Gray
2775:Hosaka
2734:Pōpolo
2696:(Rock)
2577:A.Gray
2451:H.Mann
2424:A.Gray
2404:(Maui)
2335:O.Deg.
2148:A.Gray
2098:(Maui)
2084:Kauaʻi
2051:Lānaʻi
2005:(east
1986:Cyanea
1979:Cyanea
1971:Cyanea
1967:Cyanea
1959:Cyanea
1941:, and
1891:Cyanea
1883:Cyanea
1867:Cyanea
1838:Cyanea
1813:(Maui)
1461:Kohala
1381:, the
1370:Cyanea
1307:Lānaʻi
1295:Koliʻi
1287:&
1272:Kauaʻi
1268:Koliʻi
1105:Lānaʻi
1086:(Maui)
1075:(Maui)
1031:Kauaʻi
1018:A.Gray
938:, and
872:Lānaʻi
842:Kauaʻi
838:ʻŌlulu
833:A.Gray
669:Cyanea
558:sect.
530:sect.
474:sect.
434:Cyanea
420:sect.
416:, and
412:sect.
372:, and
370:Cyanea
277:Cyanea
269:shrubs
175:Cyanea
3273:(PDF)
3135:JSTOR
2901:from
2475:Wawra
2230:H.Lév
2041:Cham.
2027:Oʻahu
1947:mesic
1928:ducks
1924:geese
1770:H.Lév
1548:Meyen
1383:calyx
1299:Oʻahu
1285:Hook.
1208:Oʻahu
984:Oʻahu
911:bog,
907:from
426:clade
400:plus
334:latex
319:feral
273:trees
208:sect.
195:sect.
93:Clade
80:Clade
67:Clade
54:Clade
3324:ISBN
3298:help
3240:PMID
3190:PMID
2936:and
2928:and
2791:Kaʻū
2787:Rock
2719:Rock
2650:Rock
2542:Rock
2531:Rock
2519:Kona
2515:Rock
2439:Rock
2311:Rock
2300:Rock
2253:Rock
2196:Rock
2131:Rock
2055:Maui
2007:Maui
2002:Rock
1955:pigs
1821:* -
1809:* -
1797:* -
1787:Rock
1622:Hilo
1614:Rock
1584:Rock
1564:Rock
1534:* -
1524:Kaʻū
1522:and
1520:Puna
1478:Rock
1311:Maui
1289:Arn.
1263:Rock
1246:Rock
1160:Rock
1149:Rock
1084:Rock
1062:Rock
1027:Puʻe
1001:Maui
996:Rock
979:A.DC
946:and
936:bogs
876:Maui
388:and
356:and
338:rats
313:and
287:and
279:and
231:The
3230:PMC
3220:doi
3180:PMC
3172:doi
3164:276
1309:†,
1305:†,
1202:on
874:†,
378:DNA
3371::
3356::
3352:.
3322:.
3318::
3314:.
3289::
3287:}}
3283:{{
3275:.
3238:.
3228:.
3214:.
3202:^
3188:.
3178:.
3162:.
3156:.
3131:83
3129:.
3093:*
3081:†
3040:*
3028:*
2863:*
2851:*
2839:*
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2801:*
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2717:*
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2486:*
2472:*
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2053:,
2049:,
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1937:,
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1301:,
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813:.
809:,
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3296:(
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