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reckless and indecisive yet impulsive behavior all point towards bipolar disorder. Things like pursuing the work of an art salesman only to tell the customers "not to buy this worthless art" can be very well explained by the illness. Notions of indecisiveness and identity problems can be seen in the next years. Van Gogh moved frequently due to sexual rejection in the next 10 years. He moved to
Brussels in 1880 to become an artist. He moved to The Hague because his cousin, Kate, rejected him. He moved to Paris in 1886 because his companion, Clasina Maria Hoornik, recommenced prostitution and alcohol addiction. Van Gogh found shelter in his brother Theo's small apartment, showing up on his doorstep uninvited. In Paris, it seemed that painting leveled and calmed his emotions.
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who was given the ear, the gendarme who was on duty in the red-light district, the investigating police officer, and the local newspaper report, accord with the evidence that the artist's unfortunate 'self-mutilation' involves the entire (left) ear. The existing handwritten and clearly worded medical reports by three different physicians, all of whom observed and treated
Vincent van Gogh over an extended period of time in Arles as well as in Saint-Rémy ought to provide ultimate proof of the fact that the artist was missing an entire ear and not just an earlobe.
361:(JAMA). Arnold refutes the hypothesis, stating that there is no case for Ménière's, and that the logic of the JAMA article was flawed in that it put forward only epilepsy as an alternative diagnosis. The Ménière's diagnosis relies on interpreting van Gogh's gastrointestinal problems as the nausea and vomiting associated with Ménière's. The JAMA article's suggestion that Vincent's cutting of his ear was an attempt at self-performed surgery to relieve the Ménière's symptom of
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contracted syphilis in the brothels of Paris (March 1886 – February 1888), it is impossible that they developed so quickly neurosyphilis mental disorder, which occurs 10 to 20 years after infection. Dr. Cavenaille diagnosed the artist with "syphilis", according to his grandson, but this diagnosis was not confirmed by the physicians caring for
Vincent in the hospital (Dr. Urpar, Dr. Rey, and Dr. Peyron) or Dr. Gachet in Auvers.
316:, an expert on borderline personality disorder, concurred that van Gogh's "longings for love, his sudden mood changes (and most particularly his seemingly unpredictable and unwarranted rages), and his pattern of impulsive acts, including substance abuse, are all recognizable components of the borderline syndrome...whether Van Gogh was borderline or not, it is a useful prism through which to view his troubled life."
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his marriage proposal, he had his first psychotic break, which caused him to change his entire life in order to devote it to God. This setback at age 20 certainly marked a first step in the downwards spiral representing his health, which would lead to his suicide in 1890. One author points out that "here was a family history of mental illness", and van Gogh displayed symptoms of bipolar disorder, in which
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and never in the North; as the Dutch painter says in a letter (Letter 607). Other painters exposed to toxic colors suffered lead poisoning. However, this thesis could be confirmed only by a forensic examination of the bones of Van Gogh, as
Caravaggio's remains were. Recent chemical research on toxic lead pigments used recklessly by van Gogh reinforces the diagnosis of
395:(often referred to as simply "AIP"). Arnold suggests the AIP was exacerbated by malnutrition and absinthe abuse. He cites two case histories of men in their 30s who were demonstrated to have AIP and displayed some symptoms similar to those of van Gogh, including depression and hallucinations in one case, and
308:; he "displayed symptoms best consistent with a borderline (personality) disorder: impulsivity, variable moods, self-destructive behaviour, fear of abandonment, an unbalanced self-image, authority conflicts and other complicated relationships." Dutch psychiatrist Erwin van Meekeren proposed in his book,
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Monico, Letizia; Van der Snickt, Geert; Janssens, Koen; De Nolf, Wout; Miliani, Costanza; Verbeeck, Johan; Tian, He; Tan, Haiyan; Dik, Joris; Radepont, Marie; Cotte, Marine (15 February 2011). "Degradation
Process of Lead Chromate in Paintings by Vincent van Gogh Studied by Means of Synchrotron X-ray
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It can be said that with the exception of the sister-in-law
Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, who had family-related reasons for playing down the injury, not a single witness speaks of a severed earlobe. On the contrary, the mutually independent statements by the principal witness Paul Gauguin, the prostitute
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There is some evidence that van Gogh nibbled at his paints, and the eating of paints is possibly connected with his seizure around New Year 1890. In
January 1890, after another one of Vincent's seizures, Theo wrote to him, saying "if you know that it is dangerous for you to have colours near you, why
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One of the most frequent complaints in Van Gogh's letters is the problems he endured with his stomach and poor digestion. Van Gogh suffered from hallucinations and nightmares at times. He often reported that he was suffering from fever. At various times he reported bouts of insomnia. He was unable to
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Erickson and Arnold disagree as to the support offered by the family history, and in particular regarding the status of
Vincent's father's health: Arnold, basing his opinion on Tralbaut, believes Theodorus to have been in not-very-good health for most of his life, whereas Erickson chooses to see him
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in Arles with states of delirium and probable epileptic crises, which were diagnosed in life. Regardless of the premorbid personality of
Vincent (impulsive and emotionally unstable), these crises with disturbance of consciousness or psychotic symptoms coincided with his prolific artistic activity,
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Van Gogh indulged in various activities which undermined his health, such as constant smoking, excessive alcohol and coffee consumption, and eating poorly, even fasting at times. The natural consequence of all this was malnutrition. He was never without his pipe and smoked it even on his deathbed,
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From a young age, van Gogh grew up with a strong connection to painting and religion. After having worked at his uncle's art dealership in the
Netherlands, he transferred to another dealership location in London, where he fell in love with his landlord's daughter, Eugenie Loyer. After she declined
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plants used to treat his epilepsy. His yellow period ("yellow vision"), missing ear ("oto-toxicity") and penchant for painting halos around landscape objects ("halo vision") are often used by medical students as a mnemonic to remember the sequelae of digoxin toxicity. Speculation has been further
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Perry in 1947 was the first to put together a serious case for a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, or "manic depression." It fits with the well documented periods of intense activity interspersed with periods of exhaustion and depression. It has been suggested that van Gogh was not just bipolar, but
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in The Hague (sleeplessness and fever probably due to infectious disease). On occasions he sunk into a kind of stupor. Van Gogh reported his impotence to Theo, his brother, in the summer after he arrived in Arles, and a month later, when he wrote to Bernard, it seemed to still be very much on his
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was advocated strongly by Roch Grey. Vincent described the effects of the Arles sun in a letter: "Oh! that beautiful midsummer sun here. It beats down on one's head, and I haven't the slightest doubt that it makes one crazy. But as I was so to begin with, I only enjoy it." A month earlier he had
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feature reckless behavior, euphoria, and impulsiveness. Depressive episodes feature symptoms of depression, anger, indecisiveness, social withdrawal, and often recurring thoughts of death or suicide. Many of these symptoms can be detected throughout his biography and explain many of his actions.
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epilepsy. These attacks became more frequent by 1890, the longest and most severe lasting some nine weeks from February to April 1890. Initial attacks of confusion and unconsciousness were followed by periods of stupor and incoherence, during which he was generally unable to paint, draw, or even
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plays a significant role. Now an official devotee to the Church of Christ, van Gogh aspired to become a priest. His disarranged life style, however, caused him nothing but disrespect and rejection, such as the rejection from several theology schools throughout Europe around 1878. Reports of his
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Many analysts, such as American psychiatrist Dietrich Blumer, agree that one of the things Vincent van Gogh had was bipolar disorder. This mental illness builds up on itself and will grow stronger if not treated. Bipolar disorder is characterized by manic and depressive episodes; manic episodes
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According to a doctoral thesis in 1991, van Gogh used in his impasto technique lead pigments in an abusive and careless way, and some months later he suffered the key symptoms of lead poisoning (anemia, stomatitis, abdominal pain, signs of radial neuropathy, etc.) and other characteristics of
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in 1882. But according to Theo's death certificate, the cause of death was a "chronic kidney disease" for possible "kidney stones". On the other hand, recognized psychiatric research rules out that Vincent had suffered a mental disorder by syphilis. Moreover, assuming that both brothers had
1152:"Most epileptics bite their tongue and injure themselves. Rey told me that he had seen a case where someone had mutilated his own ear, just as I did, and I think I heard a doctor from here, who came to see me with the director, say that he too had seen it before." — Vincent to Theo,
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intoxication. But doctors who treated Vincent, and who were familiar with absinthe drinkers, did not diagnose Vincent as an "absintheur". Hulsker also denies Vincent's addiction to absinthe. Additionally, recent research reveals that the thujone of liquor is safer than alcohol.
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In first letter he gave me to understand that it was dangerous for you to go on painting, as the colours were poison to you, but he went a little too far, which might have been due to his having relied on unverified rumours, as he himself was ill at the
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as being essentially an active man until a relatively sudden death at age 63. Arnold suggests that Theodorus' quiet and balanced life meant that he avoided several factors that precipitated symptoms and progress of the disorder in his children.
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However, Erickson and others refute this diagnosis arguing that the key symptom of urine discoloration was never noted, and that van Gogh's "bad stomach" does not match the commonly experienced "excruciating abdominal pain" associated with AIP.
1562:
Montes Santiago, J. (January 2006). "Goya, Fortuny, Van Gogh, Portinari: el saturnismo en los pintores a lo largo de tres siglos" [Goya, Fortuny, Van Gogh, Portinari: lead poisoning in painters across three centuries].
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In any case, the hereditary defect of this rare disease is not confirmed in Theo's descendants. However, lead poisoning can cause symptoms similar to the AIP with crisis also exacerbated by malnutrition or alcohol.
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was originally put forward in 1928 by Leroy and Doiteau and has received much support. Arnold states that the pattern of van Gogh's seizures, their timing and duration, does not fit well with the
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Many thanks for your letter, which gave me great pleasure, arriving just exactly at the moment when I was still dazed with the sun and the strain of wrestling with a rather big canvas.
126:. The symptoms include: poor digestion and a bad stomach, hallucinations, nightmares, manic episodes, depressive episodes, stupor, absent-mindedness, impotence, insomnia, and anxiety.
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mind. Van Gogh mentioned suicide several times in his letters towards the end of his life; nevertheless, Naifeh and Smith note that van Gogh was fundamentally opposed to suicide.
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Death certificate signed in the Clinic of Dr. Willem Arntsz in Utrecht on 25 January 1891. In: Leprohon P, editor. "Van Gogh". Biography. Barcelona: Salvat, 1991: p. 247.
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or crises, and in one of these attacks, on 23 December 1888, he cut off a part, or possibly all, of his left ear. Following that attack, he was admitted to hospital in
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is generally accepted to have been a suicide. Many competing hypotheses have been advanced as to possible medical conditions that he may have had. These include
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See letters 215, 307, 316, 321, 442, 448, 449, 450, 458, 469, 474, 478, 480, 492, 520, 530, 569, 590b, 592, 606, 607, 638, W5, B4, B17. Also Tralbaut page 177.
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which is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, hearing loss, and vertigo — was first published in 1979 by Yasuda. This idea then reappeared in 1990 in the
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describing a diagnosis of "turpentine poisoning and the effects of too intense sun on a Nordic brain," but attempts to confirm this attribution have failed.
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don't you clear them away for a time, and make drawings?" Theo's alarm is somewhat reduced after hearing from Vincent, and five days later he explained:
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van Meekeren, E (23 December 2000). "De psychiatrische ziektegeschiedenis van Vincent van Gogh" [Psychiatric case history of Vincent van Gogh].
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assigns it the range 16 to 26 May) and, "For three weeks I have been suffering from insomnia and low fever, and passing water was painful." —
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423:, mostly due to his auditory hallucinations. Others find it improbable however, because his psychosis was episodic, not chronic.
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Vallejo-Nágera JA. "El crepúsculo de Van Gogh". Estudios psiquiátricos. En: "Locos egregios". Barcelona, Planeta, 1989; 178-198.
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associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Furthermore, it seems that Vincent's condition was controlled by the administration of
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1029:"Family, twin, and adoption studies of bipolar disorder: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS (SEMIN. MED. GENET.)"
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Historie de la Médecine Communications présentées à Paris â la Société Francaise d'Histoire de la Médecine en 1960
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1164:"I have every reason to believe that the attack which he has had is the result of a state of epilepsy" —
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and he admitted on several occasions that he smoked too much. He also drank alcohol to excess, particularly
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fueled by Van Gogh's portrait of his physician, Dr. Paul-Ferdinand Gachet (1890), in which Gachet holds
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Various symptoms are described in van Gogh's letters and other documents such as the asylum register at
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1897:"Does Schizoaffective Disorder explain the mental illnesses of Robert Schumann and Vincent Van Gogh?"
537:. However, van Gogh was not treated with digitalis, and Dr. Arnold dismisses the plant as a cause of
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Yasuda, Koichi (1979). "Van Goghはメニエール病か" [Was van Gogh suffering from Ménière's disease?].
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312:, that borderline personality disorder is the most likely explanation for van Gogh's behavior. Dr.
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2001:"The DSM-5 diagnosis of nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: a review of the empirical literature"
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Van Gogh had a history of self-harm, even before his infamous cutting of his own ear in 1888.
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A complex disease, it has been speculated that it fits all his symptoms, in concert with
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Arenberg, I. Kaufman (25 July 1990). "Van Gogh Had Meniere's Disease and Not Epilepsy".
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that the crises in his last two years were brought about by the additional effect of
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Epilepsy has been a popular diagnosis. Van Gogh himself thought that he might have
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Gonzalez Luque FJ, Montejo AL. "Vincent van Gogh and the toxic colors of Saturn".
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1960, pages 23 - 24, and Godlewski, G. 'Vincent van Gogh, prince des maudits' in
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137:, where his condition was diagnosed as "acute mania with generalized delirium".
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Weissman, Edward (May 2008). "Vincent van Gogh (1853–90): the plumbic artist".
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made the same general diagnosis, as did Dr. Peyron at St Rémy. A diagnosis of
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997:
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Lee, T. C. (20 February 1981). "Van Gogh's vision. Digitalis intoxication?".
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1661:
Spectromicroscopy and Related Methods. 1. Artificially Aged Model Samples".
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1931:"Van Gogh wasn't ill, he just had a drink problem, new research suggests"
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American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics
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Yasmeen Cooper and Mark Agius have suggested that Van Gogh suffered from
338:
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Wayne State University Medical School course notes on van Gogh's illness
2358:
2341:
1643:"The mystery of Caravaggio's death solved at last – painting killed him"
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Perry, Isabella H. (1947). "Vincent van Gogh's illness: a case record".
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1689:
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Niels Arnold, Wilfred (March 2004). "The Illness of Vincent van Gogh".
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See letters 574, 576, 592, 607, 620, and the Saint Rémy asylum register
538:
324:
The possibility that van Gogh might have suffered some form of chronic
1987:
https://medium.com/@angallo/self-mutilation-in-art-history-fa219d18414
1794:
Wetterberg, L. (February 1966). "Acute porphyria and lead poisoning".
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Starry Starry Night: Life and Psychiatric History of Vincent van Gogh
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that the townspeople regarded him "a madman or an epileptic" —
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325:
310:
Starry Starry Night: Life and Psychiatric History of Vincent van Gogh
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34:
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González Luque, Francisco Javier; Montejo González, A. Luis (1997).
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for example, Vinchon, J. 'Diagnostic de la "folie" de van Gogh,' in
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The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
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The Vincent van Gogh Gallery, endorsed by Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
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885:
Blumer, Dietrich (April 2002). "The Illness of Vincent van Gogh".
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It has been postulated that van Gogh may have exhibited a form of
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Borderline Personality Disorder, Second Edition: A Clinical Guide
464:
329:
mentioned the effects of the sun in passing in a letter to Theo:
289:
268:
929:"About Mood Disorders - Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance"
1529:
Edo Tralbaut, Marc (1973). "Medical certificates of Van Gogh".
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See letters 172, 173, 200, 206, 215, 216, 302, 469, 576 and R10
178:
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letter to Paul Signac, underlining symptoms of depression 1889
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440:
134:
1969:"Vincent van Gogh: myths, madness and a new way of painting"
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At Eternity's Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent van Gogh
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Arnold, Wilfred Niels; Loftus, Loretta S (September 1991).
1701:"Vincent van Gogh's illness: acute intermittent porphyria?"
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Smoller, Jordan W.; Finn, Christine T. (15 November 2003).
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Van Gogh suffered from "fits of anxiety" and irritability.
2085:] (in Spanish). Editorial Expaxis. pp. 365–372.
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1120:"Theo van Gogh to Vincent van Gogh : 8 January 1890"
1102:"Theo van Gogh to Vincent van Gogh : 3 January 1890"
2278:[Absinthe's thujone effects are just a legend].
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Lechevalier, B. (1974). "Sífilis del Sistema Nervioso".
1489:
1487:
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1203:
1398:
Beer, J. (1950). "Van Gogh: diagnosis of the tragedy".
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1075:"Vincent Van Gogh - Biography, Quotes & Paintings"
419:
Some authors have tentatively diagnosed Van Gogh with
1484:
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JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
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493:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
2404:
Pox: Genius, Madness, and the Mysteries of Syphilis,
2276:"Thujon-Wirkungen von Absinth sind nur eine Legende"
2122:] (in Spanish). Espasa Calpe. pp. 169–200.
1989:", "Self-Mutilation in Art History", Medium 12/22/18
478:
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Farmhouses in Loosduinen near The Hague at Twilight
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A Girl in the Street, Two Coaches in the Background
2386:
Vincent van Gogh: Chemicals, Crises, and Creativity
586:"Dr. Félix Rey, interviewed by Max Braumann (1928)"
349:The hypothesis that Vincent may have suffered from
3291:Agostina Segatori Sitting in the Café du Tambourin
3263:View of Paris from Vincent's Room in the Rue Lepic
3076:Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen
1256:'My brain is still feeling tired and dried up' in
299:
2200:Jamison, K. R.; Wyatt, R. J. (29 February 1992).
2005:Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
649:"Concordance, lists, bibliography: Documentation"
4328:
486:Non-suicidal self-injury disorder is a proposed
3594:A Meadow in the Mountains: Le Mas de Saint-Paul
3442:Memory of the Garden at Etten (Ladies of Arles)
2116:Viaje a Van Gogh la luz enloquecida (1890-1990)
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1508:Vincent Van Gogh: poseído por el color y la luz
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391:Arnold and Loftus put forward the diagnosis of
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275:seizures, as well as absinthe intoxication and
102:
2153:"The fine art of patient-doctor relationships"
1895:Cooper, Yasmeen; Agius, Mark (November 2018).
150:sleep for three weeks before his diagnosis of
2505:
2445:Naifeh, Steven; Smith, Gregory White (2011).
2248:
2120:Journey to Van Gogh the mad light (1890-1990)
1699:Loftus, L S; Arnold, W N (21 December 1991).
118:. Rey disliked his portrait and gave it away.
2577:Nazi looting of artworks by Vincent van Gogh
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1275:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
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3801:Peasant Woman Against a Background of Wheat
3664:View of the Asylum and Chapel of Saint-Rémy
3153:Head of an Old Farmer's Wife in a White Hat
2444:
2280:Medizinische Monatsschrift für Pharmazeuten
2273:
2251:Vincent and Theo Van Gogh: A Dual Biography
2151:Park, M P; Park, R H R (18 December 2004).
2076:
1998:
1954:Van Gogh's Letters Unabridged and Annotated
1894:
1784:Visitor Submissions, September 2004: p. 13.
1026:
986:Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
704:
676:
504:It is speculated that Vincent and Theo had
426:
359:Journal of the American Medical Association
4210:"Vincent and the Doctor" (2010 TV episode)
3199:Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette
2512:
2498:
2342:"Xanthopsia and van Gogh's yellow palette"
1793:
1166:letter from Dr. T. Peyron to Theo van Gogh
2435:
2357:
2253:. Fuller Publications. pp. 402–404.
2225:
2176:
2026:
2016:
1724:
1344:
1294:
450:
3051:Three Figures near a Canal with Windmill
2150:
1999:Zetterqvist, Maria (28 September 2015).
1597:
1455:
1268:
455:Van Gogh has been suggested as being an
106:
18:
3894:Meadows near Rijswijk and the Schenkweg
3601:A Road at Saint-Remy with Female Figure
2942:Beach at Scheveningen in Stormy Weather
2416:
2249:Hulsker, Jan; Miller, James M. (1990).
1640:
1533:(in Spanish). Blume. pp. 280–281.
1320:Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
851:
692:
4329:
3284:Imperial Fritillaries in a Copper Vase
2383:
2113:
2058:Doiteau V. París. Esculape 1940:30,76.
1928:
1828:
1747:
1493:
1428:
1416:
1209:
884:
860:. VanGoghBiography.com. Archived from
852:Naifeh, Steven; Smith, Gregory White.
279:, but not for temporal lobe epilepsy.
91:, non-suicidal self-injury disorder ("
3843:Prisoners' Round (after Gustave Doré)
3745:Landscape with a Carriage and a Train
3509:Valley with Ploughman Seen from Above
2493:
1966:
1950:"Highlighting food-and-drink-alcohol"
1875:
1221:
956:
954:
583:
556:
3414:A Lane in the Public Garden at Arles
2519:
1947:
1397:
760:from The Hague, circa 23 May 1882. (
626:by the art historian Rita Wildegans.
435:; bipolar type, due to his bouts of
344:
114:(F500, JH1659), oil on canvas 1889,
3400:The Painter on the Road to Tarascon
3002:Landscape with a Church at Twilight
2304:
1929:Boztas, Senay (15 September 2016).
1878:"Schizophrenia; Faces You May Know"
1224:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
738:See letters 574, 602a, 613, 640, W4
470:
282:
13:
4063:Monastery of Saint-Paul de Mausole
3224:Vase with White and Red Carnations
2440:. American Psychiatric Publishing.
1510:(in Spanish). Laboratorios Juste.
951:
508:; indeed, Vincent was treated for
499:
365:has been regarded as far-fetched.
353:— a balance disorder of the
292:poisoning from his consumption of
14:
4368:
3516:View of Arles, Flowering Orchards
3470:Arles: View from the Wheat Fields
3456:Interior of a Restaurant in Arles
3192:Peasant Woman Digging Up Potatoes
2659:Still life paintings, Netherlands
2471:
1967:Jones, Jonathan (5 August 2016).
1831:"The Illness of Vincent van Gogh"
1829:Blumer, Dietrich (1 April 2002).
1271:"The illness of Vincent Van Gogh"
479:Non-suicidal self-injury disorder
463:usage. Van Gogh was also a heavy
368:
304:Van Gogh is believed to have had
3808:Still Life: Vase with Pink Roses
3724:Doctor Gachet's Garden in Auvers
2467:. Benecke N.I., Amsterdam, 2013.
2079:Los sistemas nervioso y muscular
1470:10.1001/jama.1990.03450040087036
768:from The Hague, 8 or 9 June 1882
414:
337:A remark has been attributed to
186:
167:
3966:Old Vineyard with Peasant Woman
3886:Boy Cutting Grass with a Sickle
3857:Landscape at Auvers in the Rain
3587:Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear
3386:Portrait of the Artist's Mother
3344:Still Life: Vase with Oleanders
2799:Décoration for the Yellow House
2556:The Letters of Vincent van Gogh
2377:
2333:
2298:
2267:
2242:
2193:
2144:
2107:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
1992:
1979:
1960:
1941:
1922:
1888:
1869:
1822:
1787:
1782:"The Vincent van Gogh Gallery".
1774:
1753:
1653:
1634:
1591:
1555:
1522:
1499:
1449:
1422:
1391:
1379:
1363:
1350:
1311:
1262:
1250:
1215:
1183:
1180:Paris, Éditions Æsculape, 1928.
1170:
1158:
1146:
1130:
1112:
1094:
1091:See letters 507, 579, 585, 595.
1085:
1067:
1020:
921:
845:
833:
804:
792:
780:
771:
750:
741:
732:
723:
592:. David Brooks (self-published)
565:. David Brooks (self-published)
306:borderline personality disorder
300:Borderline personality disorder
181:self-portrait with bandaged ear
61:borderline personality disorder
4017:Torso of Venus and a Landscape
4009:Portrait of a Man in a Top Hat
3902:The 'Laakmolen' near The Hague
3829:Wheatfield Under Thunderclouds
3636:Green Wheat Field with Cypress
3090:Landscape with Pollard Willows
3083:The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen
2913:Lost works by Vincent van Gogh
2083:Syphilis of the Nervous System
1835:American Journal of Psychiatry
1269:Hemphill, RE (December 1961).
887:American Journal of Psychiatry
714:
641:
629:
604:
577:
559:"Portrait of Doctor Félix Rey"
550:
1:
4316:Van Gogh immersive experience
4262:Theo van Gogh (film director)
3950:Drawbridge in Nieuw-Amsterdam
2887:Saint-Paul Asylum, Saint-Rémy
2274:Lachenmeier, Dirk W. (2008).
1808:10.1016/s0140-6736(66)91512-1
1641:Kington, Tom (16 June 2010).
1577:10.1016/s0014-2565(06)72707-2
1195:Diamant Actualités Médicales,
1178:La Folie de Vincent van Gogh,
839:Naifeh and Smith (2011), 852
816:Vincent van Gogh: The Letters
653:Vincent van Gogh: The Letters
544:
271:, which is effective against
28:Oil on pasteboard, 41 x 32 cm
4088:Portrait of Vincent van Gogh
3794:Blossoming Chestnut Branches
3710:Thatched Cottages and Houses
3650:The Ravine of the Peyroulets
2630:Van Gogh's family in his art
2202:"Vincent van Gogh's illness"
1600:Journal of Medical Biography
1360:Valori Plastici, Rome, 1924.
393:acute intermittent porphyria
387:Acute intermittent porphyria
319:
237:
177:, 1889, private collection.
129:Van Gogh suffered from some
112:Portrait of Doctor Félix Rey
103:Symptoms and characteristics
69:acute intermittent porphyria
7:
3910:Church Pew with Worshippers
3608:Enclosed Field with Peasant
3580:Self-portrait without beard
3379:Starry Night Over the Rhône
3277:A Woman Walking in a Garden
3146:Avenue of Poplars at Sunset
3139:Avenue of Poplars in Autumn
2699:Still life paintings, Paris
2436:Gunderson, John G. (2008).
2384:Arnold, Wilfred N. (1992).
1759:Erickson, Kathleen Powers.
1443:10.11334/jibi1954.25.6_1427
242:
158:
10:
4373:
4296:(1978, revised 1989; "JH")
3942:Landscape with Wheelbarrow
3815:Portrait of Adeline Ravoux
3696:Road with Cypress and Star
3629:Wheat Field with Cypresses
3316:Madame Roulin and Her Baby
3104:Cart with Red and White Ox
2949:Girl in White in the Woods
2768:Copies by Vincent van Gogh
2667:Old Church Tower at Nuenen
2218:10.1136/bmj.304.6826.577-c
1847:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.519
1287:10.1177/003591576105401206
1176:Doiteau, V. and Leroy, E.
899:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.519
16:Historical line of inquiry
4303:
4280:
4234:
4136:Vincent and Theo van Gogh
4096:The Painter of Sunflowers
4071:
4035:
3976:
3877:
3680:
3500:
3307:
3240:
3208:
3171:Still Life with Straw Hat
3162:
3060:
3016:Footbridge across a Ditch
2972:
2933:
2926:
2623:Peasant Character Studies
2600:
2527:
2169:10.1136/bmj.329.7480.1475
2018:10.1186/s13034-015-0062-7
1717:10.1136/bmj.303.6817.1589
998:10.1080/09647040490885475
40:There is no consensus on
4288:Jacob Baart de la Faille
4048:Van Gogh House (Drenthe)
3037:Farm with Stacks of Peat
2775:Langlois Bridge at Arles
1565:Revista Clínica Española
433:schizoaffective disorder
427:Schizoaffective disorder
397:complex partial seizures
265:complex partial seizures
194:Still Life with Absinthe
85:schizoaffective disorder
4347:Retrospective diagnosis
4252:Johanna van Gogh-Bonger
3993:Marsh with Water Lilies
3787:The Town Hall at Auvers
3298:Red Cabbages and Garlic
3270:Portrait of Père Tanguy
3256:Wheat Field with a Lark
2918:Display at Les XX, 1890
2894:Auvers size 30 canvases
2691:Le Moulin de la Galette
1612:10.1258/jmb.2007.007023
1197:1982, Volume 29, 12-16.
1079:The Art History Archive
705:Naifeh & Smith 2011
677:Naifeh & Smith 2011
638:Retrieved June 25, 2010
3717:Portrait of Dr. Gachet
3523:Portrait of Doctor Rey
3491:Orchard with Cypresses
3118:Water Mill at Opwetten
2988:Farmhouses Among Trees
2388:. Boston: Birkhãuser.
2319:10.1001/jama.245.7.727
762:Hulsker September 1958
451:Substance use disorder
335:
261:temporal lobe epilepsy
235:
119:
89:substance use disorder
37:
4143:"Vincent" (1971 song)
4058:Kröller-Müller Museum
3918:Woman on Her Deathbed
3836:Wheatfield with Crows
3671:The Large Plane Trees
3484:Farmhouse in Provence
3421:Falling Autumn Leaves
3372:Café Terrace at Night
3217:Vase with Red Poppies
3185:Peasant Woman Digging
2839:Paintings of Children
2761:Trees and Undergrowth
2592:Lost Arles sketchbook
2463:Van Meekeren, Erwin.
2419:The Complete Van Gogh
2417:Hulsker, Jan (1980).
777:See letters 489, 628.
331:
257:Old Hospital in Arles
230:
110:
22:
4342:Health by individual
4290:(1928 and 1970; "F")
3926:Landscape with Trees
3759:The Church at Auvers
3738:White House at Night
3477:Sunset at Montmajour
3125:Water Mill at Kollen
3009:Landscape with Dunes
2651:Water Mill at Gennep
2114:Wilkie, Ken (1990).
1910:(Suppl 7): 559–562.
1904:Psychiatria Danubina
1663:Analytical Chemistry
1136:Van Gogh wrote from
1045:10.1002/ajmg.c.20013
3323:Landscape with Snow
2587:Cultural depictions
2421:. Oxford: Phaidon.
2406:Basic Books, 2003,
2359:10.1038/eye.1991.93
2163:(7480): 1475–1480.
1948:Van Gogh, Vincent.
1876:Bahandari, Smitha.
1750:, pp. 139–164.
1711:(6817): 1589–1591.
1376:, c. 18 August 1888
939:on 22 February 2018
933:www.dbsalliance.org
854:"Notes, chapter 43"
95:"), and a possible
4224:At Eternity's Gate
4197:Vincent in Brixton
4157:Vincent & Theo
3934:Peatery in Drenthe
3703:At Eternity's Gate
3097:Cart with Black Ox
3030:A Wind-Beaten Tree
2981:Cows in the Meadow
2823:Flowering Orchards
2721:Outskirts of Paris
2483:2017-04-20 at the
2447:Van Gogh: The Life
962:"Vincent van Gogh"
858:Van Gogh: The Life
812:"22 letters found"
622:2011-07-19 at the
535:Digitalis purpurea
120:
38:
4324:
4323:
4311:The Vincent Award
4272:Johannes Stricker
3873:
3872:
3822:Plain near Auvers
3773:Farms near Auvers
3766:Daubigny's Garden
3463:A Lane near Arles
3178:The Potato Eaters
3132:Village at Sunset
2815:Hospital in Arles
2807:The Roulin Family
2456:978-1-84668-010-6
2449:. Profile Books.
2260:978-0-940537-05-7
2129:978-84-239-2229-1
2092:978-84-7179-073-6
1771:, pages 120 - 123
1675:10.1021/ac102424h
1540:978-84-7031-419-3
1358:Vincent van Gogh,
459:due to his heavy
351:Ménière's disease
345:Ménière's disease
314:John G. Gunderson
77:Ménière's disease
4364:
4352:Bipolar disorder
4337:Vincent van Gogh
4204:The Yellow House
4080:Vincent van Gogh
3985:87 Hackford Road
3731:Houses at Auvers
3558:The Starry Night
3530:Crab on its Back
3435:The Red Vineyard
3393:Bedroom in Arles
3365:Van Gogh's Chair
3358:The Yellow House
3023:Marshy Landscape
2931:
2930:
2545:List of drawings
2521:Vincent van Gogh
2514:
2507:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2460:
2441:
2432:
2402:Hayden, Deborah
2399:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2229:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2030:
2020:
1996:
1990:
1985:Antonio Gallo, "
1983:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1901:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1669:(4): 1214–1223.
1657:
1651:
1650:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1437:(6): 1427–1439.
1431:Otologia Fukuoka
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1367:
1361:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1298:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1198:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1024:
1018:
1017:
981:
970:
969:
958:
949:
948:
946:
944:
935:. Archived from
925:
919:
918:
882:
873:
872:
870:
869:
849:
843:
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
775:
769:
754:
748:
745:
739:
736:
730:
727:
721:
718:
712:
702:
696:
690:
684:
674:
668:
667:
665:
663:
645:
639:
633:
627:
608:
602:
601:
599:
597:
581:
575:
574:
572:
570:
554:
541:(yellow halos).
526:digoxin toxicity
471:Anxiety disorder
445:major depression
283:Bipolar disorder
190:
171:
97:anxiety disorder
57:bipolar disorder
43:Vincent van Gogh
4372:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4299:
4276:
4230:
4098:(1888 painting)
4082:(1886 painting)
4067:
4053:Maison Van Gogh
4043:Van Gogh Museum
4031:
3972:
3869:
3676:
3496:
3303:
3236:
3204:
3158:
3056:
2968:
2922:
2847:The Wheat Field
2831:Almond Blossoms
2602:
2596:
2582:Posthumous fame
2523:
2518:
2485:Wayback Machine
2474:
2457:
2429:
2396:
2380:
2375:
2338:
2334:
2303:
2299:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2247:
2243:
2198:
2194:
2149:
2145:
2130:
2112:
2108:
2093:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2044:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1965:
1961:
1946:
1942:
1927:
1923:
1899:
1893:
1889:
1874:
1870:
1827:
1823:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1775:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1697:
1690:
1658:
1654:
1639:
1635:
1596:
1592:
1560:
1556:
1541:
1531:Vicent van Gogh
1527:
1523:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1485:
1454:
1450:
1433:(in Japanese).
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1400:Art News Annual
1396:
1392:
1388:c. 19 July 1888
1384:
1380:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1326:(52): 2509–14.
1316:
1312:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1124:webexhibits.org
1118:
1117:
1113:
1106:webexhibits.org
1100:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1025:
1021:
982:
973:
968:. 4 March 2020.
960:
959:
952:
942:
940:
927:
926:
922:
883:
876:
867:
865:
850:
846:
838:
834:
824:
822:
820:Van Gogh Museum
810:
809:
805:
797:
793:
785:
781:
776:
772:
755:
751:
746:
742:
737:
733:
728:
724:
719:
715:
707:, pp. 707
703:
699:
691:
687:
679:, pp. 701
675:
671:
661:
659:
657:Van Gogh Museum
647:
646:
642:
634:
630:
624:Wayback Machine
609:
605:
595:
593:
582:
578:
568:
566:
555:
551:
547:
502:
500:Other diagnoses
488:mental disorder
481:
473:
453:
429:
417:
389:
371:
347:
322:
302:
285:
251:and his doctor
245:
240:
204:
203:
202:
201:
200:
198:Van Gogh Museum
191:
183:
182:
172:
161:
146:write letters.
105:
29:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4370:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4291:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4257:Andries Bonger
4254:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4220:
4216:Loving Vincent
4212:
4207:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4165:Vincent and Me
4161:
4153:
4145:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4100:
4092:
4084:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4025:Head of a Girl
4021:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3988:(1873 or 1874)
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3351:The Night Café
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3231:The Kingfisher
3227:
3220:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3111:Lane in Autumn
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2937:
2935:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2902:Double-squares
2897:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2791:Boats du Rhône
2787:
2783:Saintes-Maries
2779:
2771:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2714:Self portraits
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2619:
2613:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2567:Auberge Ravoux
2564:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2473:
2472:External links
2470:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2414:
2400:
2394:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2352:(5): 503–510.
2332:
2313:(7): 727–729.
2297:
2286:(3): 101–106.
2266:
2259:
2241:
2192:
2143:
2128:
2106:
2091:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
1991:
1978:
1959:
1940:
1921:
1887:
1868:
1841:(4): 519–526.
1821:
1786:
1773:
1752:
1740:
1688:
1652:
1633:
1606:(2): 109–117.
1590:
1567:(in Spanish).
1554:
1539:
1521:
1498:
1496:, p. 185.
1483:
1464:(4): 491–493.
1448:
1421:
1419:, p. 181.
1409:
1390:
1378:
1362:
1349:
1345:Gunderson 2008
1337:
1310:
1281:(12): 1083–8.
1261:
1249:
1230:(2): 146–172.
1214:
1212:, p. 172.
1199:
1182:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1129:
1111:
1093:
1084:
1066:
1019:
971:
950:
920:
893:(4): 519–526.
874:
844:
832:
803:
791:
779:
770:
749:
740:
731:
722:
713:
697:
695:, p. 390.
685:
669:
640:
628:
617:Van Gogh's Ear
615:" Quoted from
603:
576:
548:
546:
543:
501:
498:
480:
477:
472:
469:
452:
449:
428:
425:
416:
413:
399:in the other.
388:
385:
376:encephalopathy
370:
369:Lead poisoning
367:
346:
343:
321:
318:
301:
298:
284:
281:
244:
241:
239:
236:
192:
185:
184:
173:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
160:
157:
116:Pushkin Museum
104:
101:
73:lead poisoning
24:Winter 1886/87
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4369:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:Theo van Gogh
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:(1963 statue)
4137:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4120:Lust for Life
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4104:Lust for Life
4101:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3752:Girl in White
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3572:Self-portrait
3569:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3407:Les Alyscamps
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3249:Poppy Flowers
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2927:Oil paintings
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:List of works
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2428:0-7148-2028-8
2424:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2412:0-465-02882-9
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2395:0-8176-3616-1
2391:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:(in German).
2281:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2212:(6826): 577.
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1935:The Telegraph
1932:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1802:(7435): 498.
1801:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1769:0-8028-4978-4
1766:
1762:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1374:Émile Bernard
1371:
1366:
1359:
1353:
1347:, p. 47.
1346:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
978:
976:
967:
963:
957:
955:
938:
934:
930:
924:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
881:
879:
864:on 2020-09-25
863:
859:
855:
848:
842:
836:
821:
817:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
774:
767:
763:
759:
753:
744:
735:
726:
717:
710:
706:
701:
694:
689:
682:
678:
673:
658:
654:
650:
644:
637:
632:
625:
621:
618:
614:
607:
591:
587:
580:
564:
560:
553:
549:
542:
540:
536:
531:
527:
522:
519:
514:
511:
507:
497:
495:
494:
489:
484:
476:
468:
466:
462:
458:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
424:
422:
421:schizophrenia
415:Schizophrenia
412:
408:
404:
400:
398:
394:
384:
382:
377:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
342:
340:
334:
330:
327:
317:
315:
311:
307:
297:
295:
291:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:Dr. Félix Rey
250:
234:
229:
225:
223:
217:
214:
208:
199:
195:
189:
180:
176:
175:Self-portrait
170:
156:
153:
147:
144:
140:
139:Dr. Félix Rey
136:
132:
127:
125:
117:
113:
109:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:schizophrenia
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:death in 1890
46:
44:
36:
32:
25:
21:
4247:Wil van Gogh
4223:
4215:
4203:
4196:
4188:
4183:(1990 opera)
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4135:
4130:(1956 opera)
4127:
4119:
4111:
4106:(1934 novel)
4103:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4023:
4015:
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3964:
3958:Breton Women
3956:
3948:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3878:Watercolours
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
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3565:The Gardener
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1973:The Guardian
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1647:The Guardian
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1571:(1): 30–32.
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1039:(1): 48–58.
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992:(1): 22–43.
989:
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937:the original
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862:the original
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823:. Retrieved
815:
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693:Hulsker 1980
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179:Mirror-image
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4294:Jan Hulsker
4281:Cataloguers
4267:Anton Mauve
4226:(2018 film)
4218:(2017 film)
4206:(2007 film)
4199:(2003 play)
4191:(1991 film)
4175:(1990 film)
4167:(1990 film)
4159:(1990 film)
4151:(1987 film)
4122:(1956 film)
4114:(1948 film)
3864:Poppy Field
3643:The Diggers
2995:Bulb Fields
2879:Butterflies
2863:Olive Trees
2842:(1888–1890)
2834:(1888–1890)
2770:(1887–1890)
2764:(1887–1890)
2756:(1887–1889)
2716:(1886–1889)
2686:(1885–1890)
2646:(1883–1885)
2632:(1881–1888)
2626:(1881–1885)
2618:(1881–1890)
2610:Early works
1748:Arnold 1992
1494:Arnold 1992
1417:Arnold 1992
1258:letter 558b
1210:Arnold 1992
825:23 February
683:, 729, 749.
662:16 February
596:23 February
584:Brooks, D.
569:23 February
557:Brooks, D.
31:Rijksmuseum
4331:Categories
4072:Portrayals
3850:Tree Roots
3689:The Siesta
3551:Lilac Bush
3449:Les Arènes
3337:The Zouave
2753:Sunflowers
2707:Montmartre
2550:Chronology
1796:The Lancet
1386:letter 512
1370:letter B15
1154:letter 592
1142:letter 589
868:2012-02-23
800:Letter B14
788:Letter 506
766:Letter 206
758:Letter 200
711:, 814–816.
545:References
539:xanthopsia
374:saturnine
124:Saint-Rémy
3622:Cypresses
3537:Two Crabs
3330:La Mousmé
2956:Lying Cow
2890:(1889–90)
2882:(1889–90)
2826:(1888–89)
2818:(1888–89)
2810:(1888–89)
2710:(1886–87)
2702:(1886–87)
2675:Amsterdam
2670:(1884–85)
2662:(1884–85)
2638:(1882–83)
2616:Portraits
2612:(1881–82)
2601:Groups of
2535:Biography
2138:434817248
1549:920078212
1516:634130570
1356:Grey, R.
1014:220462421
966:Biography
943:8 October
528:from the
510:gonorrhea
457:alcoholic
437:psychosis
381:saturnism
355:inner ear
339:Dr Gachet
326:sunstroke
320:Sunstroke
277:porphyria
273:grand mal
238:Diagnoses
152:gonorrhea
93:self-harm
65:sunstroke
45:'s health
35:Amsterdam
4357:Epilepsy
4189:Van Gogh
4128:Van Gogh
4112:Van Gogh
3977:Drawings
3780:The Cows
3069:Two Rats
2729:Asnières
2643:Cottages
2481:Archived
2292:18429531
2187:15604190
2101:24995076
2037:26417387
1916:30439846
1863:43106568
1855:11925286
1763:, 1998,
1683:21314201
1628:42507705
1620:18463084
1585:16604740
1406:: 82–90.
1332:11155509
1305:13906376
1244:20242549
1236:44441139
1061:29453951
1053:14601036
1006:15370335
915:43106568
907:11925286
620:Archived
530:foxglove
518:absinthe
506:syphilis
461:absinthe
363:tinnitus
294:absinthe
249:epilepsy
243:Epilepsy
222:absinthe
213:heredity
196:, 1887,
159:Behavior
131:seizures
53:epilepsy
4304:Related
4181:Vincent
4149:Vincent
4036:Museums
2906:Squares
2900:Auvers
2528:General
2368:1794418
2327:7007674
2236:1559082
2227:1881383
2028:4584484
1816:4159715
1735:1773180
1726:1676250
1478:2094236
1296:1870504
490:in the
465:tobacco
290:thujone
269:bromide
255:at the
26:(F 295)
4235:Family
4173:Dreams
4090:(1887)
4028:(1888)
4020:(1887)
4012:(1882)
4004:(1882)
4001:Sorrow
3996:(1881)
3969:(1890)
3961:(1888)
3953:(1883)
3945:(1883)
3937:(1883)
3929:(1883)
3921:(1883)
3913:(1882)
3905:(1882)
3897:(1882)
3889:(1881)
3574:(1889)
3544:Irises
2909:(1890)
2896:(1890)
2874:(1889)
2866:(1889)
2858:(1889)
2855:Reaper
2850:(1889)
2802:(1888)
2794:(1888)
2786:(1888)
2778:(1888)
2748:(1887)
2740:(1887)
2732:(1887)
2724:(1887)
2694:(1886)
2678:(1885)
2654:(1884)
2562:Health
2453:
2425:
2410:
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2366:
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2234:
2224:
2185:
2178:535989
2175:
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2011:: 31.
1914:
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1012:
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913:
905:
467:user.
443:, and
143:mental
47:. His
2737:Seine
2603:works
2572:Death
2118:[
2081:[
1900:(PDF)
1882:WebMD
1859:S2CID
1624:S2CID
1232:JSTOR
1138:Arles
1057:S2CID
1010:S2CID
911:S2CID
441:mania
233:time.
135:Arles
3681:1890
3615:Rain
3501:1889
3308:1888
3241:1887
3209:1886
3163:1885
3061:1884
2973:1883
2934:1882
2904:and
2636:Sien
2451:ISBN
2423:ISBN
2408:ISBN
2390:ISBN
2364:PMID
2323:PMID
2307:JAMA
2288:PMID
2255:ISBN
2232:PMID
2183:PMID
2134:OCLC
2124:ISBN
2097:OCLC
2087:ISBN
2033:PMID
1912:PMID
1851:PMID
1812:PMID
1765:ISBN
1731:PMID
1679:PMID
1616:PMID
1581:PMID
1545:OCLC
1535:ISBN
1512:OCLC
1474:PMID
1328:PMID
1301:PMID
1240:PMID
1049:PMID
1037:123C
1002:PMID
945:2015
903:PMID
827:2012
798:See
786:See
664:2012
598:2011
571:2011
3657:Ivy
2354:doi
2346:Eye
2315:doi
2311:245
2222:PMC
2214:doi
2210:304
2206:BMJ
2173:PMC
2165:doi
2161:329
2157:BMJ
2023:PMC
2013:doi
1843:doi
1839:159
1804:doi
1800:287
1721:PMC
1713:doi
1709:303
1705:BMJ
1671:doi
1608:doi
1573:doi
1569:206
1466:doi
1462:264
1439:doi
1372:to
1324:144
1291:PMC
1283:doi
1041:doi
994:doi
895:doi
891:159
841:ff.
709:ff.
681:ff.
496:5.
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