Absinthe - Knowledge

1846: 1211:. Like the French method, a sugar cube is placed on a slotted spoon over a glass containing one shot of absinthe. The sugar is soaked in alcohol (usually more absinthe), then set ablaze. The flaming sugar cube is then dropped into the glass, thus igniting the absinthe. Finally, a shot glass of water is added to douse the flames. This method tends to produce a stronger drink than the French method. A variant of the Bohemian method involves allowing the fire to extinguish on its own. This variant is sometimes referred to as "cooking the absinthe" or "the flaming green fairy". The origin of this burning ritual may borrow from a coffee and brandy drink that was served at Café Brûlot, in which a sugar cube soaked in brandy was set aflame. Most experienced absintheurs do not recommend the Bohemian Method and consider it a modern gimmick, as it can destroy the absinthe flavour and present a fire hazard due to the unusually high alcohol content present in absinthe. 1408:, although not all absinthes from the Czech Republic are Bohemian-style. Bohemian-style absinth typically contains little or none of the anise, fennel, and other herbal flavours associated with traditional absinthe, and thus bears very little resemblance to the absinthes made popular in the 19th century. Typical Bohemian-style absinth has only two similarities with its authentic, traditional counterpart: it contains wormwood and has a high alcohol content. The Czechs are credited with inventing the fire ritual in the 1990s, possibly because Bohemian-style absinth does not louche, which renders the traditional French preparation method useless. As such, this type of absinthe and the fire ritual associated with it are entirely modern fabrications, and have little to no relationship with the historical absinthe tradition. 836: 852: 1668: 633: 1426:("dead leaf"). In the pre-ban era, this natural phenomenon was favourably viewed, for it confirmed the product in question was coloured naturally, and not artificially with potentially toxic chemicals. Predictably, vintage absinthes often emerge from sealed bottles as distinctly amber in tint due to decades of slow oxidation. Though this colour change presents no adverse impact to the flavour of absinthe, it is generally desired to preserve the original colour, which requires that naturally coloured absinthe be bottled in dark, light resistant bottles. Absinthe intended for decades of storage should be kept in a cool ( 1386: 1443: 757:

product containing "oil of wormwood". In 2000, an amendment made all wormwood species prohibited herbs for food purposes under Food Standard 1.4.4. Prohibited and Restricted Plants and Fungi. However, this amendment was found inconsistent with other parts of the pre-existing Food Code, and it was withdrawn in 2002 during the transition between the two codes, thereby continuing to allow absinthe manufacture and importation through the existing permit-based system. These events were erroneously reported by the media as it having been reclassified from a

1553: 190: 520:, Switzerland, around 1792 (the exact date varies by account). Ordinaire's recipe was passed on to the Henriod sisters of Couvet, who sold it as a medicinal elixir. By other accounts, the Henriod sisters may have been making the elixir before Ordinaire's arrival. In either case, a certain Major Dubied acquired the formula from the sisters in 1797 and opened the first absinthe distillery named Dubied Père et Fils in Couvet with his son Marcellin and son-in-law Henry-Louis Pernod. In 1805, they built a second distillery in 1591:. Past reports estimated thujone concentrations in absinthe as being up to 260 mg/kg. More recently, published scientific analyses of samples of various original absinthes have disproved previous estimates, and demonstrated that only a trace of the thujone present in wormwood actually makes it into a properly distilled absinthe when historical methods and materials are employed to create the spirit. As such, most traditionally crafted absinthes, both vintage and modern, fall within the current EU standards. 2004: 819: 1292: 36: 355: 8468: 537: 1381:. Hausgemacht absinthe is produced in tiny quantities for personal use and not for the commercial market. Clandestine production increased after absinthe was banned, when small producers went underground, most notably in Switzerland. Although the ban has been lifted in Switzerland, some clandestine distillers have not legitimised their production. Authorities believe that high taxes on alcohol and the mystique of being underground are likely reasons. 3940:"Regulation (EU) 2019/787 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the definition, description, presentation and labelling of spirit drinks, the use of the names of spirit drinks in the presentation and labelling of other foodstuffs, the protection of geographical indications for spirit drinks, the use of ethyl alcohol and distillates of agricultural origin in alcoholic beverages, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 110/2008" 1154: 1215: 2118: 769: 721: 1078: 2236: 6887: 1461:, who carried out ten years of experiments with wormwood oil. In the course of this research, he studied 250 cases of alcoholism and concluded that those who abused absinthe were worse off than those who abused other alcoholic drinks, experiencing rapid-onset hallucinations. Such accounts by opponents of absinthe (like Magnan) were cheerfully embraced by famous absinthe drinkers, many of whom were 1038: 1029:. It directed the maker to "Take of the tops of wormwood, four pounds; root of angelica, calamus aromaticus, aniseed, leaves of dittany, of each one ounce; alcohol, four gallons. Macerate these substances during eight days, add a little water, and distil by a gentle fire, until two gallons are obtained. This is reduced to a proof spirit, and a few drops of the oil of aniseed added." 1882:('wormwood-based spirits'), with many either reducing or omitting fennel and hyssop altogether from their products. A legal challenge to the scientific basis of this decree resulted in its repeal (2009), which opened the door for the official French re-legalisation of absinthe for the first time since 1915. The French Senate voted to repeal the prohibition in mid-April 2011. 564:. It was favoured by all social classes, from the wealthy bourgeoisie to poor artists and ordinary working-class people. By the 1880s, mass production had caused the price to drop sharply, and the French were drinking 36 million litres (9,500,000 US gal) per year by 1910, compared to their annual consumption of almost 5 billion litres (1.1 5030:"The distillers of Bensaçon, Pontarlier, and Couvet hit on the idea of distilling the Absinthe herb (wormwood), adding annis , fennel, and coriander seeds, etc., ad lib., these making an agreeable beverage. Absinthe so made soon had considerable success, which had the usual effect of bringing out the injurious trash made from oils, essences, etc. " 1196:, IPA ). The release of these dissolved essences coincides with a perfuming of herbal aromas and flavours that "blossom" or "bloom," and brings out subtleties that are otherwise muted within the neat spirit. This reflects what is perhaps the oldest and purest method of preparation, and is often referred to as the 2212:(1890) was a popular novel about a Frenchman driven to murder and ruin after being introduced to absinthe. Intended as a morality tale on the dangers of the drink, it was speculated to have contributed to subsequent bans of absinthe in Europe and the United States. Some of the earliest film references include 736:

from the Czech Republic in the 1990s, as the UK had never formally banned it, and this sparked a modern resurgence in its popularity. It began to reappear during a revival in the 1990s in countries where it was never banned. Forms of absinthe available during that time consisted almost exclusively of

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Absinthe was exported widely from France and Switzerland and attained some degree of popularity in other countries, including Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Czech Republic. It was never banned in Spain or Portugal, and its production and consumption have never ceased. It gained

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until 1999 and was brought by entrepreneur Lalo Zanini and legalised in the same year. Presently, absinthe sold in Brazil must abide by the national law that restricts all spirits to a maximum of 54% ABV. While this regulation is enforced throughout channels of legal distribution, it may be possible

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The lack of a formal legal definition in most countries to regulate the production and quality of absinthe has enabled cheaply made products to be falsely presented as traditional in production and composition. In Switzerland, the only country with a formal legal definition of absinthe, any absinthe

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was originally a term used for Swiss bootleg absinthe, which was bottled colourless so as to be visually indistinct from other spirits during the era of absinthe prohibition, but has become a popular term for post-ban Swiss-style absinthe in general. Blanches are often lower in alcohol content than

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The traditional French preparation involves placing a sugar cube on top of a specially designed slotted spoon, and placing the spoon on a glass filled with a measure of absinthe. Iced water is poured or dripped over the sugar cube to mix the water into the absinthe. The final preparation contains 1

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absinthe. Such practices usually yield a harsh substance that bears little resemblance to the genuine article, and are considered inauthentic by any practical standard. Some concoctions may even be dangerous, especially if they call for a potentially poisonous inclusion of herbs, oils, or extracts.

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This step also provides a herbal complexity that is typical of high-quality absinthe. The natural coloring process is considered critical for absinthe ageing, since the chlorophyll remains chemically active. The chlorophyll serves a similar role in absinthe that tannins do in wine or brown liquors.

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A revival of absinthe began in the 1990s, following the adoption of modern European Union food and beverage laws that removed long-standing barriers to its production and sale. By the early 21st century, nearly 200 brands of absinthe were being produced in a dozen countries, most notably in France,

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in Norway. Systembolaget and Vinmonopolet did not import or sell absinthe for many years after the ban in France; however, today several absinthes are available for purchase in Systembolaget stores, including Swedish made distilled absinthe. In Norway, on the other hand, one is less likely to find

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Distilled absinthe employs a method of production similar to that of high-quality gin. Botanicals are initially macerated in distilled base alcohol before being redistilled to exclude bitter principles, and impart the desired complexity and texture to the spirit. The distillation of absinthe first

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murdered his family and attempted to kill himself after drinking absinthe. Lanfray was an alcoholic who had drunk a lot of wine and brandy before the killings, but that was overlooked or ignored, and blame for the murders was placed solely on his consumption of two glasses of absinthe. The Lanfray

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of about 45 mg thujone per kg of body weight, which represents far more absinthe than could be realistically consumed. The high percentage of alcohol in absinthe would result in mortality long before thujone could become a factor. In documented cases of acute thujone poisoning as a result of

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alleged toxicity historically associated with this beverage. Many modern-day producers resort to other shortcuts, including the use of artificial food coloring to create the green color. Additionally, at least some cheap absinthes produced before the ban were reportedly adulterated with poisonous

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In the Netherlands, the restrictions were challenged by Amsterdam wineseller Menno Boorsma in July 2004, thus confirming the legality of absinthe once again. Similarly, Belgium lifted its long-standing ban on January 1, 2005, citing a conflict with the adopted food and beverage regulations of the

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A ban on absinthe was enacted in Germany on 27 March 1923. In addition to banning the production of and commercial trade in absinthe, the law went so far as to prohibit the distribution of printed matter that provided details of its production. The original ban was lifted in 1981, but the use of

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In addition to being prepared with sugar and water, absinthe emerged as a popular cocktail ingredient in both the United Kingdom and the United States. By 1930, dozens of fancy cocktails that called for absinthe had been published in numerous credible bartender guides. One of the most famous of

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in 1859. Despite adopting sweeping EU food and beverage regulations in 1988 that effectively re-legalised absinthe, a decree was passed that same year that preserved the prohibition on products explicitly labelled as "absinthe", while placing strict limits on fenchone (fennel) and pinocamphone

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test, the test subjects themselves were unable to reliably identify which samples contained thujone. For the average 65 kg (143 lb) man, the high dose samples in the study would equate to 18.2 mg of thujone. The EU limit of 35 mg/L of thujone in absinthe means that given the

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Although many bars served absinthe in standard glassware, a number of glasses were specifically designed for the French absinthe preparation ritual. Absinthe glasses were typically fashioned with a dose line, bulge, or bubble in the lower portion denoting how much absinthe should be poured. One

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Adding to absinthe's negative reputation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, unscrupulous makers of the drink omitted the traditional colouring phase of production in favour of adding toxic copper salts to artificially induce a green tint. This practice may be responsible for some of the

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Many modern absinthes are produced using a cold-mix process. This inexpensive method of production does not involve distillation, and is regarded as inferior for the same reasons that give cause for cheaply compounded gin to be legally differentiated from distilled gin. The cold mixing process

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has seen significant resurgence since 2007, when one producer established operations there. Absinthe has never been illegal to import or manufacture in Australia, although importation requires a permit under the Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulation 1956 due to a restriction on importing any

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physician Pierre Ordinaire. It rose to great popularity as an alcoholic drink in late 19th- and early 20th-century France, particularly among Parisian artists and writers. The consumption of absinthe was opposed by social conservatives and prohibitionists, partly due to its association with

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murders were the tipping point in this hotly debated topic, and a subsequent petition collected more than 82,000 signatures to ban it in Switzerland. A referendum was held on 5 July 1908. It was approved by voters, and the prohibition of absinthe was written into the Swiss constitution.

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Producers of legitimate absinthes employ one of two historically defined processes to create the finished spirit – distillation or cold mixing. In the sole country (Switzerland) that does possess a legal definition of absinthe, distillation is the only permitted method of production.

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Absinthe's popularity grew steadily through the 1840s, when it was given to French troops in Algeria as a malaria preventive, and the troops brought home their taste for it. Absinthe became so popular in bars, bistros, cafés, and cabarets by the 1860s that the hour of 5 pm was called

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Most categorical alcoholic beverages have regulations governing their classification and labelling, while those governing absinthe have always been conspicuously lacking. According to popular treatises from the 19th century, absinthe could be loosely categorised into several grades

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Today it is known that absinthe does not cause hallucinations. It is widely accepted that reports of hallucinogenic effects resulting from absinthe consumption were attributable to the poisonous adulterants being added to cheaper versions of the drink in the 19th century, such as

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highest permitted thujone content, that individual would need to consume approximately 0.5 litres of high proof (e.g. 50%+ ABV) spirit before the thujone could be metabolized in order to display effects detectable in a clinical setting, which would result in a potentially lethal

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of iced water. It was up to the patron to prepare the drink, as the inclusion or omission of sugar was strictly an individual preference, as was the amount of water used. As the popularity of the drink increased, additional accoutrements of preparation appeared, including the

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The debate over whether absinthe produces effects on the human mind in addition to those of alcohol has not been resolved conclusively. The effects of absinthe have been described by some as mind opening. The most commonly reported experience is a "clear-headed" feeling of

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After the coloring process, the resulting product is diluted with water to the desired percentage of alcohol. The flavor of absinthe is said to improve materially with storage, and many distilleries, before the ban, aged their absinthe in settling tanks before bottling.

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Absinthe makes you crazy and criminal, provokes epilepsy and tuberculosis, and has killed thousands of French people. It makes a ferocious beast of man, a martyr of woman, and a degenerate of the infant, it disorganizes and ruins the family and menaces the future of the

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Absinthe became associated with violent crimes and social disorder, and one modern writer claims that this trend was spurred by fabricated claims and smear campaigns, which he claims were orchestrated by the temperance movement and the wine industry. One critic claimed:

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single European Market. In Switzerland, the constitutional ban was repealed in 2000 during an overhaul of the national constitution, although the prohibition was written into ordinary law, instead. That law was later repealed, and it was made legal on March 1, 2005.

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to large doses of pure wormwood vapour, and another to alcohol vapours. The guinea pig exposed to wormwood vapour experienced convulsive seizures, while the animal exposed to alcohol did not. Magnan would later blame the naturally occurring (in wormwood) chemical

418:(936–950), where Lucretius indicates that a drink containing wormwood is given as medicine to children in a cup with honey on the brim to make it drinkable. Some argue that the word means "undrinkable" in Greek, but it may instead be linked to the Persian root 1288:, according to its production method. And while the former is generally considered far superior in quality to the latter, an absinthe's simple claim of being 'distilled' makes no guarantee as to the quality of its base ingredients or the skill of its maker. 515:

The first evidence of absinthe, in the sense of a distilled spirit containing green anise and fennel, dates to the 18th century. According to popular legend, it began as an all-purpose patent remedy created by Dr. Pierre Ordinaire, a French doctor living in

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and their lawyers did most of the work to get absinthe legalized in the U.S., over the 2004–2007 time period. In the U.S., March 5 sometimes is referred to as "National Absinthe Day", as it was the day the 95-year ban on absinthe was finally lifted.

1619:, and caused subjects to concentrate their attention into the central field of vision. Low doses (0.028 mg/kg) did not produce an effect noticeably different from the plain alcohol control. While the effects of the high dose samples were 955:

and inexpensive liqueurs and cordials. Some modern cold-mixed absinthes have been bottled at strengths approaching 90% ABV. Others are presented simply as a bottle of plain alcohol with a small amount of powdered herbs suspended within it.

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began selling absinthe in the first half of the 19th century. Its Catalan lease-holder, Cayetano Ferrer, named it the Absinthe Room in 1874 due to the popularity of the drink, which was served in the Parisian style. It was frequented by

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inebriation – a form of "lucid drunkenness". Chemist, historian and absinthe distiller Ted Breaux has claimed that the alleged secondary effects of absinthe may be because some of the herbal compounds in the drink act as

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is also referred to as Czech-style absinthe, anise-free absinthe, or just "absinth" (without the "e"), and is best described as a wormwood bitters. It is produced mainly in the Czech Republic, from which it gets its designation as

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gradually becomes oxidized, which has the effect of gradually changing the color from green to yellow green, and eventually to brown. The colour of absinthe that has completed this transition was historically referred to as

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consolidated legislation, and contains the following all-encompassing restriction: "The manufacture, importation, circulation and sale wholesale or by retail of absinthe or similar liquors in Vanuatu shall be prohibited."

5575:"Décret 88-1024 du 02 Novembre 1988: Décret portant application de la loi du 16 mars 1915 relative à l'interdiction de l'absinthe et des liqueurs similaires, fixant les caractères des liqueurs similaires de l'absinthe" 1331:) begins as a blanche, and is altered by a secondary maceration stage, in which a separate mixture of herbs is steeped into the clear distillate before bottling. This confers an intense, complex flavor as well as a 326:, yet it has not been demonstrated to be any more dangerous than ordinary spirits. Recent studies have shown that absinthe's psychoactive properties (apart from those attributable to alcohol) have been exaggerated. 1081:

Absinthe spoons are designed to perch a sugar cube atop the glass, over which ice-cold water is dripped to dilute the absinthe. The lip near the centre of the handle lets the spoon rest securely on the rim of the

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The 21st century has seen new types of absinthe, including various frozen preparations, which have become increasingly popular. The French Absinthe Ban of 1915 was repealed in May 2011 following petitions by the

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became the first genuine absinthe to receive a Certificate of Label Approval for import into the United States since 1912, following independent efforts by representatives from Lucid and Kübler to overturn the

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government monopolies. Each product is subject to the approval of a respective individual provincial liquor board before it can be sold in that province. Importation is a federal matter, and is enforced by the

1503:, creating an overall lucid effect of awakening. The long-term effects of moderate absinthe consumption in humans remain unknown, although herbs traditionally used to produce absinthe are reported to have both 455:, meaning "to perform a ritual" or "make an offering". Whether the word was a borrowing from Persian into Greek, or from a common ancestor of both, is unclear. Alternatively, the Greek word may originate in a 1319:

vertes, though this is not necessarily so; the only truly differentiating factor is that blanches are not put through a secondary maceration stage, and thus remain colourless like other distilled liquors.

702:, Spain (where absinthe was still legal), but gradually declining sales saw the cessation of production in the 1960s. In Switzerland, the ban served only to drive the production of absinthe underground. 1476:. In one of the best-known written accounts of absinthe drinking, an inebriated Oscar Wilde described a phantom sensation of having tulips brush against his legs after leaving a bar at closing time. 245:, absinthe is not traditionally bottled with sugar or sweeteners. Absinthe is traditionally bottled at a high level of alcohol by volume, but it is normally diluted with water before being consumed. 1664:

may contain a maximum 35 mg/kg thujone, while other alcoholic beverages can contain a maximum 10 mg/kg. The domestic production and sale of absinthe is regulated by state licensing laws.

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in Switzerland) is bottled directly following distillation and reduction, and is uncoloured (clear). Blanches tend to have a clean, smooth flavour with strongly individuated tasting notes. The name

506:, around 1550 BC. Wormwood extracts and wine-soaked wormwood leaves were used as remedies by the ancient Greeks. Moreover, some evidence exists of a wormwood-flavoured wine in ancient Greece called 4841: 2423: 2202:

The aura of illicitness and mystery surrounding absinthe has played into literature, movies, music, and television, where it is often portrayed as a mysterious, addictive, and mind-altering drink.

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In 1906, Belgium and Brazil banned the sale and distribution of absinthe, although these were not the first countries to take such action. It had been banned as early as 1898 in the colony of the

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became the first brand of American-made absinthe produced in the United States since the ban. Since that time, other micro-distilleries have started producing small batches in the United States.

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species must be thujone-free. In this context, the TTB considers a product thujone-free if the thujone content is less than 10 ppm (equal to 10 mg/kg). This is verified through the use of

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Absinthe that is artificially coloured or clear is aesthetically stable, and can be bottled in clear glass. If naturally colored absinthe is exposed to light or air for a prolonged period, the

1353:("absinthe" in Spanish) is sometimes associated with a regional style that often differed slightly from its French cousin. Traditional absentas may taste slightly different due to their use of 1735:. The importation of a nominal amount of liquor by individuals for personal use is permitted, provided that conditions for the individual's duration of stay outside the country are satisfied. 2022:(TTB) effectively lifted the long-standing absinthe ban, and it has since approved many brands for sale in the US market. This was made possible partly through the TTB's clarification of the 1817:

species is a listed ingredient, and 10 mg/kg in other alcoholic beverages. Member countries regulate absinthe production within this framework. The sale of absinthe is permitted in all

698:, and other anise-flavoured spirits that do not contain wormwood. Following the conclusion of the First World War, production of the Pernod Fils brand was resumed at the Banus distillery in 5723: 878:

are globally defined and regulated. Therefore, producers are at liberty to label a product as "absinthe" or "absinth" without regard to any specific legal definition or quality standards.

1792:: Only one brand listed in provincial liquor stores, although an individual is permitted to import one case (usually twelve 750 ml bottles or eight one-litre bottles) of any liquor. 1845: 306:, which is present in the spirit in trace amounts, was blamed for its alleged harmful effects. By 1915, absinthe had been banned in the United States and in much of Europe, including 3861: 1963:. However, the only outlet that may sell alcoholic beverages containing more than 3.5% ABV in Sweden and 4.75% ABV in Norway, is the government-owned chain of liquor stores known as 1943:. The ban came in August 2008 after several issues of misuse drew public and police attention. One incident resulted in breathing difficulties and hospitalising of a 17-year-old for 1567:

It was once widely promoted that excessive absinthe drinking caused effects that were discernible from those associated with alcoholism, a belief that led to the coining of the term

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In 19th century Parisian cafés, upon receiving an order for an absinthe, a waiter would present the patron with a dose of absinthe in a suitable glass, sugar, absinthe spoon, and a

1878:(hyssop) in an obvious, but failed, attempt to thwart a possible return of absinthe-like products. French producers circumvented this regulatory obstacle by labelling absinthe as 712:), which was easier to conceal from the authorities. Many countries never banned absinthe, notably the United Kingdom, where it had never been as popular as in continental Europe. 968:

Absinthe is traditionally prepared from a distillation of neutral alcohol, various herbs, spices, and water. Traditional absinthes were redistilled from a white grape spirit (or

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Numerous artists and writers living in France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were noted absinthe drinkers and featured absinthe in their work. Some of these included

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in 1908. To be legally made or sold in Switzerland, absinthe must be distilled, must not contain certain additives, and must be either naturally coloured or left uncoloured.

4542: 1457:, a claim refuted by modern science. The belief that absinthe induces hallucinogenic effects is rooted, at least partly, in the findings of 19th century French psychiatrist 1923:. The ban was reinforced in 1931 with harsher penalties for transgressors, and remained in force until 1992 when the Italian government amended its laws to comply with the 1280: – the latter does not denote origin), in order of increasing alcoholic strength and quality. Many contemporary absinthe critics simply classify absinthe as 1235:, mounted on a lamp base. This let drinkers prepare a number of drinks at once – and with a hands-free drip, patrons could socialise while louching a glass. 1335:

green hue. Vertes represent the prevailing type of absinthe that was found in the 19th century. Vertes are typically more alcoholic than blanches, as the high amounts of

6725: 5862:"Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Chapter I, Part 172, Section 172.510 – Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption" 3803: 745:

became the first commercial absinthe distilled and bottled in France since the 1914 ban, but it is now one of dozens of brands that are produced and sold within France.

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Until July 13, 2013, the import and sale of absinthe technically required a special permit, since "oil of wormwood, being an essential oil obtained from plants of the

6782: – An independent organisation supporting changes to the US laws and regulations concerning absinthe. Provides articles, a forum and legal information. 3122: 7879: 6744: 1837:) is the only outlet that may sell alcoholic beverages containing over 8% ABV, although national law bans the sale of alcoholic beverages containing over 80% ABV. 1101:

The modern-day interest in absinthe has spawned a rash of absinthe kits from sellers claiming they produce homemade absinthe. Kits often call for soaking herbs in

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as a flavouring agent remained prohibited. On 27 September 1991, Germany adopted the European Union's standards of 1988, which effectively re-legalised absinthe.

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at lower concentrations of water, thus vertes are usually bottled at closer to still strength. Artificially colored green absinthes may also be claimed to be

3537: 7132: 6646:"Chemical Composition of Vintage Preban Absinthe with Special Reference to Thujone, Fenchone, Pinocamphone, Methanol, Copper, and Antimony Concentrations" 6039: 5151:"Chemical Composition of Vintage Preban Absinthe with Special Reference to Thujone, Fenchone, Pinocamphone, Methanol, Copper, and Antimony Concentrations" 4838: 2433: 7803: 5696: 2710: 5293:

Perry, Nigel B.; Anderson, Rosemary E.; Brennan, Nerida J.; Douglas, Malcolm H.; Heaney, Anna J.; McGimpsey, Jennifer A.; Smallfield, Bruce M. (1999).

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many absinthes since Norwegian alcohol law prohibits the sale and importation of alcoholic beverages above 60% ABV, which eliminates most absinthes.

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region to be labelled as absinthe in Switzerland. The court found that absinthe was a label for a product and was not tied to a geographic origin.

1354: 5836: 3830: 1648:). Accordingly, producers are free to label a product "absinthe" or "absinth", whether or not it bears any resemblance to the traditional spirit. 1615:

concluded that high doses (0.28 mg/kg) of thujone in alcohol had negative effects on attention performance in a clinical setting. It delayed

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Meschler JP, Howlett AC (March 1999). "Thujone exhibits low affinity for cannabinoid receptors but fails to evoke cannabimimetic responses".

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was sold legally in the United States under the marketing tagline "Absinthe Refined," but as the product contained sugar, and was made with

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absinthe into a Champagne glass. Add iced Champagne until it attains the proper opalescent milkiness. Drink three to five of these slowly."

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a temporary spike in popularity there during the early 20th century, corresponding with the Art Nouveau and Modernism aesthetic movements.

4872: 3327: 934:(among other herbs) in the distillate. Chlorophyll from these herbs is extracted in the process, giving the drink its famous green color. 1988: 951:

involves the simple blending of flavouring essences and artificial colouring in commercial alcohol, in similar fashion to most flavoured

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The drink was never officially banned in Spain, although it began to fall out of favour in the 1940s and almost vanished into obscurity.

4626: 2279: 8504: 8393: 7963: 490:) is a spelling variant most commonly applied to absinthes produced in central and eastern Europe, and is specifically associated with 4197: 3377: 2869: 1086:

Absinthe was historically bottled at 45–74% ABV. Some modern Franco–Suisse absinthes are bottled at up to 83% ABV, while some modern,

10447: 7945: 7295: 6167: 6014: 3073: 2899: 1786:: absinthe is not sold in provincial liquor store outlets, but one brand (Deep Roots) produced on the island can be procured locally. 6523: 7336: 5195:"alpha-Thujone (the active component of absinthe): gamma-Aminobutyric acid type A receptor modulation and metabolic detoxification" 3687: 2573: 2037: 2019: 1251:" cocktail, a tongue-in-cheek concoction that contributed to a 1935 collection of celebrity recipes. The directions are: "Pour one 6644:

Lachenmeier, Dirk W.; Nathan-Maister, David; Breaux, Theodore A.; Sohnius, Eva-Maria; Schoeberl, Kerstin; Kuballa, Thomas (2008).

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Lachenmeier, Dirk W.; Nathan-Maister, David; Breaux, Theodore A.; Sohnius, Eva-Maria; Schoeberl, Kerstin; Kuballa, Thomas (2008).

5132: 5087: 4546: 7933: 7452: 5021:(from oil of wormwood), is a narcotic poison...not infrequently copper salts have been used in order to produce the green color." 4137: 1025: 4724:

Castillo, J. Del; Anderson, M.; Rubottom, G.M. (1975). "Letters to Nature: Marijuana, absinthe and the central nervous system".

1805:

In 2007, Canada's first genuine absinthe (Taboo Absinthe) was created by Okanagan Spirits Craft Distillery in British Columbia.

1479:

Notions of absinthe's alleged hallucinogenic properties were again fuelled in the 1970s, when a scientific paper suggested that

7815: 6194: 6140: 5503: 3939: 1162:

part absinthe and 3–5 parts water. As water dilutes the spirit, those components with poor water solubility (mainly those from

6722: 6579: 6117: 5777: 4656: 4244: 4167: 2683: 2397: 7916: 2407: 2380: 2370: 974:), while lesser absinthes were more commonly made from alcohol from grains, beets, or potatoes. The principal botanicals are 5295:"Essential Oils from Dalmatian Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.): Variations among Individuals, Plant Parts, Seasons, and Sites" 4115: 7429: 5913: 5403: 5400: 3544: 3516: 2543: 1818: 1602:

oral ingestion, the source of thujone was not commercial absinthe, but rather non-absinthe-related sources, such as common

502:

The precise origin of absinthe is unclear. The medical use of wormwood dates back to ancient Egypt and is mentioned in the

6763:

magazine article about a New Orleans man who has researched the chemical content of absinthe and now distills it in France

4516: 3487: 10442: 8150: 8075: 4010: 3130: 1727: 375:

can refer either to the alcoholic beverage, or less commonly, to the actual wormwood plant. Absinthe is derived from the

6741: 4389: 3225: 741:

products. Connoisseurs considered these of inferior quality and not representative of the 19th-century spirit. In 2000,

8048: 7874: 7486: 7148: 6823: 6593: 6512: 6231: 6204: 6177: 6150: 5861: 5810: 5557: 4424: 4347: 4312: 3056: 2970: 2938: 2777: 2620: 2067: 4085: 3749: 1434:

may polymerise inside the bottle, creating an irreversible precipitate, and adversely impacting the original flavour.

866:

Most countries have no legal definition for absinthe, whereas the method of production and content of spirits such as

835: 8433: 8413: 8173: 7856: 3509: 2655: 1248: 5938: 5670: 5088:"Determination of α-/β-Thujone and Related Terpenes in Absinthe using Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography" 1587:

antagonist, and while it can produce muscle spasms in large doses, there is no direct evidence to suggest it causes

1571:. One of the first vilifications of absinthe followed an 1864 experiment in which Magnan simultaneously exposed one 851: 10457: 7867: 7663: 7087: 6795: 1980:

In Switzerland, the sale and production of absinthe was prohibited from 1910 to March 1, 2005. This was based on a

5935:"Alcohol Tax and Trade Bureau "Screening of Distilled Spirits for Thujone by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry" 8043: 7523: 7476: 6087: 5130:

Determination of a/β Thujone and Related Terpenes in Absinthe using Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography

4941:

Guarrera, P.M. (1999). "Traditional antihelmintic, antiparasitic and repellent uses of plants in central Italy".

3548: 3447:

Lachenmeier, D.W.; Emmert, J.; Sartor, G. (2005). "Authentification of Absinthe – The Bitter Truth over a Myth".

3350: 2134: 1799: 528:. Pernod Fils remained one of the most popular brands of absinthe until the drink was banned in France in 1914. 8542: 8497: 7688: 7506: 7310: 6395: 5055: 4778: 4708: 3416: 3200: 3013: 2749: 5700: 3913: 7208: 6775: 6679:

Lachenmeier, Dirk W.; Walch, Stephan G.; Padosch, Stephan A.; Kröner, Lars U. (2006). "Absinthe – A Review".

6615:

Huisman, M.; Brug, J.; MacKenbach, J. (2007). "Absinthe is its history relevant for current public health?".

2718: 1935:

Although absinthe is not prohibited at national level, some local authorities have banned it. The latest is

1732: 1611: 1430:), dry place, away from light and heat. Absinthe should not be stored in the refrigerator or freezer, as the 1389:

Burning sugar in a glass of Absinth Stromu, a Bohemian-style product. Note the strong artificial colouration.

6769: – A wine and spirit journal article about the history, ritual, and artistic cult of absinthe 4467: 1667: 1468:

Two famous artists who helped popularise the notion that absinthe had powerful psychoactive properties were

1207:

is a recent invention that involves fire, and was not performed during absinthe's peak of popularity in the

986:, which are often called "the holy trinity". Many other herbs may be used as well, such as petite wormwood ( 218:, and other medicinal and culinary herbs. Historically described as a highly alcoholic spirit, it is 45–74% 8129: 8096: 7884: 7358: 7300: 7218: 7203: 7193: 7056: 5982: 5379: 3808: 3106: 2023: 1869: 729: 445: 4490: 3170: 2836: 8471: 7823: 7137: 7080: 7011: 4576: 3831:"Official FFS Press Release confirming the repeal of the 1915 French Absinthe Ban: Article 175; point 20" 2801: 1697:, and preparations containing oil of wormwood" were listed as item 12A, Schedule 8, Regulation 5H of the 960:

product not obtained by maceration and distillation or coloured artificially cannot be sold as absinthe.

687:. The Netherlands banned it in 1909, Switzerland in 1910, the United States in 1912, and France in 1914. 5332:

Dettling, A.; Grass, H.; Schuff, A.; Skopp, G.; Strohbeck-Kuehner, P.; Haffner, H. Th (4 January 2015).

5017:"...the alcohol employed in this liquor is frequently very impure...the bitter principle of absinthium, 3648: 1545:

For the rapid onset of confusion caused by withdrawal from alcohol that may include hallucinations, see

8339: 8302: 8080: 7331: 7223: 7034: 5067:

Ian Hutton, p. 62, "quoted by Arnold"..."Arnold WN (1989) Absinthe: Scientific American 260(6):112–117"

3837: 3573: 2555: 2208: 6248: 6065: 5640: 3256: 2124:("The End of the Green Fairy"): Swiss poster criticizing the country's prohibition of absinthe in 1910 632: 10452: 8490: 8238: 7904: 7793: 7346: 7255: 7198: 5423: 2160: 1771: 1640:

Most countries (except Switzerland) at present do not possess a legal definition of absinthe (unlike

1491:, presented the possibility of THC receptor affinity. Counterevidence to this was published in 1999. 597: 286: 20: 5456: 2595: 2052:

The import, distribution, and sale of absinthe are permitted subject to the following restrictions:

1726:

concerning the production, distribution, and sale of spirits are written and enforced by individual

1714:

to find absinthe containing alcohol in excess of the legal limit in some restaurants or food fairs.

10416: 8557: 8367: 7027: 2249: 1620: 444:

was commonly burned as a protective offering may suggest that its origins lie in the reconstructed

8694: 7769: 6402: 6291: 5891: 4299:

The Pastry Chef's Companion: A Comprehensive Resource Guide for the Baking and Pastry Professional

4036: 8418: 8223: 8160: 8058: 8033: 7305: 6851: 4850: 4674: 3355: 2428: 2220:, an early pioneer in the art of animation, as well as two different silent films, each entitled 1813:

The European Union permits a maximum thujone level of 35 mg/kg in alcoholic beverages where

1584: 3316: 3285:"The search for real absinthe: like Tinkerbell, the Green Fairy lives only if we believe in her" 2062:

The packaging cannot "project images of hallucinogenic, psychotropic, or mind-altering effects."

1347:, though they lack the characteristic herbal flavors that result from maceration in whole herbs. 9893: 8642: 7991: 7938: 7894: 7779: 7747: 7538: 7511: 6906: 6816: 6751: – A March 2005 Reuters article about the legalising of absinthe in Switzerland. 5254:"Poison on Line – Acute Renal Failure Caused by Oil of Wormwood Purchased through the Internet" 5004: 4876: 4599: 2066:

Absinthe imported in violation of these regulations is subject to seizure at the discretion of

1833:

from 1919 to 1932; no current prohibitions exist. The government-owned chain of liquor stores (

1572: 1395: 1385: 738: 491: 8776: 8180: 4304: 579:

New Orleans has a cultural association with absinthe and is credited as the birthplace of the

249: 8572: 7784: 7368: 7363: 7267: 7229: 7122: 6960: 4337: 3886: 1629: 1446: 4296: 2569: 2179:. Many other renowned artists and writers similarly drew from this cultural well, including 8647: 8562: 8344: 8331: 8275: 8090: 7708: 7501: 7420: 7353: 7250: 6991: 6967: 6416: 5206: 3385: 2877: 2089: 1783: 1528: 1516: 1484: 1442: 1047: 841: 206: 111: 10302: 8053: 6791: 6754: 5574: 5085: 3081: 2907: 737:

Czech, Spanish, and Portuguese brands that were of recent origin, typically consisting of

8: 8669: 8657: 8423: 8297: 8038: 8023: 7973: 7678: 7668: 7447: 7377: 7165: 6538: 6407: 6359: 6334: 5561: 3656: 3322: 2083: 1252: 1111: 792: 456: 9077: 6420: 5210: 4441: 3715: 2273: 657: 226:

color but may also be colorless. It is commonly referred to in historical literature as

9097: 8567: 8513: 8255: 8198: 8114: 8013: 8006: 7968: 7928: 7734: 7635: 7550: 7528: 7382: 7341: 7103: 6979: 6876: 6704: 6496: 6484: 6440: 6428: 5759: 5751: 5558:

Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and Council of 16 December 2008

5129: 5102: 5039: 4873:"The Mystery of the Green Menace – Wired Magazine (see p. 3 of article)" 4816: 4766: 4749: 3001: 2954: 2809: 2521: 2494: 1595: 1552: 1524: 274: 10372: 10367: 10222: 9983: 6856: 6846: 4954: 4804: 4145: 2041: 742: 10437: 10127: 10110: 9660: 9447: 9387: 8577: 8285: 8155: 8018: 7996: 7899: 7774: 7718: 7496: 7435: 7425: 7397: 7373: 6916: 6809: 6696: 6667: 6632: 6589: 6566: 6508: 6476: 6444: 6432: 6391: 6309: 6227: 6200: 6173: 6146: 5763: 5743: 5353: 5314: 5275: 5234: 5229: 5194: 5172: 5051: 4995: 4958: 4808: 4774: 4741: 4704: 4517:"The Absinthe Buyer's Guide: Modern & Vintage Absinthe Reference: Spain Archives" 4420: 4343: 4318: 4308: 4297: 3723: 3412: 3289: 3052: 3009: 2966: 2934: 2783: 2773: 2745: 2526: 2472: 2468: 2403: 2376: 2192: 2152: 2144: 2032: 1947:. The particular brand of absinthe that caused these effects was bottled at 89% ABV. 1944: 1891: 1701:(Cth). These controls have now been repealed, and permission is no longer required. 1693: 1228: 988: 923: 915: 733: 219: 65: 6708: 6488: 5961:"The Virtual Absinthe Museum: US Legalization in 2007 after 95 years of prohibition" 5333: 4820: 1991:

invalidated a governmental decision of 2010 which allowed only absinthe made in the

10212: 10031: 10005: 9760: 9640: 8595: 8268: 8218: 7862: 7798: 7764: 7757: 7640: 7607: 7597: 6921: 6759: 6734: 6688: 6657: 6624: 6599: 6468: 6424: 6113: 5781: 5735: 5622: 5345: 5306: 5265: 5224: 5214: 5162: 4950: 4916: 4800: 4753: 4733: 4650: 4171: 3301: 2687: 2516: 2506: 2464: 2184: 2180: 2164: 2059:

The word "absinthe" can neither be the brand name nor stand alone on the label, and

1940: 1857: 1739: 1546: 1473: 1469: 1462: 1427: 1244: 1017: 975: 783: 684: 601: 292:

Absinthe has often been portrayed as a dangerously addictive psychoactive drug and

262: 138: 4935:

A study of plants in central Italy reported some veterinary use of wormwood as an

2140: 1864: 1671: 9770: 9744: 9675: 9650: 9615: 9564: 9504: 9087: 8552: 8547: 8438: 8119: 8104: 8085: 7590: 7585: 7459: 6936: 6866: 6785: 6779: 6748: 6729: 6585: 6504: 5136: 5047: 4845: 4660: 4572: 4393: 4005: 3964: 2962: 2030:

content regulations, which specify that finished food and beverages that contain

1916: 1488: 1458: 983: 931: 895:

at around 72% ABV. The distillate may be reduced and bottled clear, to produce a

414: 354: 323: 184: 6788: – Article discussing absinthe and its effect over mind and body. 5270: 5253: 3144: 2632: 2003: 1208: 791:. In December 2007, St. George Absinthe Verte produced by St. George Spirits of 10085: 9918: 9883: 9695: 9554: 8453: 8263: 8243: 8205: 8070: 7491: 7481: 7471: 7279: 7245: 7111: 6953: 6861: 6472: 6114:"Absinthe (Prohibition) Act 4, Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition" 4520: 4248: 2870:"The Virtual Absinthe Museum: Absinthe in America – New Orleans" 2172: 2045: 1992: 1454: 1184: 1157:

Preparing absinthe using the traditional method (that does not involve burning)

1069:(red) absinthe. Only one historical brand of rose absinthe has been documented. 818: 667: 584: 358: 343: 282: 6692: 3624:"TTB Online – COLAs Online – Application Detail" 3600:"TTB Online – COLAs Online – Application Detail" 2455:

Arnold, Wilfred Niels (1988). "Vincent van Gogh and the Thujone Connection'".

2011: 1919:

in 1926 banned the production, import, transport and sale of any liquor named

1856:, oil on canvas, 73 cm × 54 cm (29 in × 21 in), 1291: 1239:"dose" of absinthe ranged anywhere around 2–2.5 fluid ounces (60–75 ml). 10431: 10307: 10167: 9873: 9720: 9620: 9610: 9514: 9422: 9402: 9310: 9092: 8428: 8309: 8213: 8109: 7698: 7630: 7580: 7575: 7560: 7555: 7533: 7442: 7409: 7274: 7143: 7020: 6302: 6273: 5747: 5536: 5478: 5349: 5294: 4322: 3727: 3233: 3044: 2787: 2551: 2268: 2241: 2203: 2188: 2148: 1981: 1964: 1849: 1743: 1641: 1616: 1603: 1588: 1523:), and poisonous colouring matter – notably (among other green copper salts) 1508: 1336: 660:

epitomising the popular view of absinthe addicts as sodden and benumbed, and

651: 637: 605: 503: 278: 270: 77: 10287: 6738:

about the first absinthe commercially produced in France since the 1915 ban.

5865: 5803: 2217: 2176: 1105:

or alcohol, or adding a liquid concentrate to vodka or alcohol to create an

661: 40:

Reservoir glass with naturally coloured verte absinthe and an absinthe spoon

10019: 9655: 9574: 9559: 9442: 8876: 8766: 8761: 8652: 8637: 8388: 8378: 8168: 7464: 7061: 6700: 6671: 6636: 6570: 6480: 5960: 5357: 5318: 5238: 5219: 5176: 5118:

Tab. 1 Concentrations of thujone and anethole in different absinthe samples

4976: 4962: 4936: 4812: 4219: 2530: 2511: 2106: 1968: 1924: 1789: 1624: 1560: 1377:

brand) that is home-distilled by hobbyists. It should not be confused with

676: 293: 10242: 10217: 10065: 8791: 6766: 6436: 5934: 5279: 4921: 4904: 4745: 2823:'1910, was no less than 1,089 millions of gallons.' '162 bottles per head' 2476: 690:

The prohibition of absinthe in France eventually led to the popularity of

544:, a common way to serve absinthe with simple syrup, water, and crushed ice 261:

culture. From Europe and the Americas, notable absinthe drinkers included

10172: 9933: 9908: 9853: 9775: 9755: 9725: 9255: 9235: 9205: 9142: 9012: 8952: 8916: 8866: 8836: 8826: 8751: 8741: 8731: 8726: 8600: 8319: 8314: 8185: 8065: 7955: 7848: 7620: 7565: 7170: 7051: 6926: 6871: 6628: 5674: 5334:"Absinthe: attention performance and mood under the influence of thujone" 5086:

Joachim Emmert; Günter Sartor; Frank Sporer; Joachim Gummersbach (2004).

3261: 2990:. Penguin Classics. Translated by Tancock, Leonard. Penguin. p. 411. 2168: 2156: 1874: 1777: 1723: 1657: 1583:

Thujone, once widely believed to be an active chemical in absinthe, is a

1532: 1418: 1340: 1179: 1175: 1148: 1142: 1051: 979: 911: 824: 645: 593: 525: 319: 311: 266: 258: 9962: 8977: 5600: 5101:(100). Germany: Gabriele Lauser, Ingrid Steiner: 352–356. Archived from 4062: 914:

of whole herbs, which is extracted from the plants during the secondary

583:, perhaps the earliest absinthe cocktail. The Old Absinthe House bar on 10377: 10312: 10257: 10197: 10142: 10090: 9549: 9492: 8816: 8806: 8664: 8448: 8280: 8228: 8028: 8001: 7911: 7693: 7673: 7602: 7185: 7175: 5914:"Rediscovering Absinthe: Removing The Green Fairy From The Banned List" 5755: 4270: 3917: 3462: 2196: 1504: 1171: 1009: 1001: 997: 970: 589: 536: 521: 168: 9858: 9579: 8482: 6662: 6645: 6643: 6557:

Eadie, MJ (2009). "Absinthe, epileptic seizures and Valentin Magnan".

6091: 5504:"Absinthe now available at P.E.I. distillery for adventurous drinkers" 5310: 5167: 5150: 5148: 2356:

Traite de la Fabrication de Liqueurs et de la Distillation des Alcools

2296:

Traite de la Fabrication de Liqueurs et de la Distillation des Alcools

2283:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 75. 10362: 10327: 10297: 10157: 9868: 9630: 9524: 9487: 9265: 9195: 9072: 9052: 8987: 8906: 8781: 8620: 8383: 8290: 8124: 7923: 7889: 7742: 7713: 7683: 7615: 7570: 7543: 7391: 7326: 7160: 7155: 7072: 6911: 6327: 4737: 4026:"A Treatise on the Manufacture and Distillation of Alcoholic Liquors" 3804:"Sydney's small bar revolution is teaching people a new way to drink" 1496: 1153: 1013: 753: 699: 507: 465: 409: 390: 10152: 9928: 9127: 5739: 2495:"Absinthism: a fictitious 19th century syndrome with present impact" 1373:) refers to clandestine absinthe (not to be confused with the Swiss 1214: 10387: 10382: 10347: 10337: 10247: 10182: 10075: 10014: 9978: 9828: 9529: 9392: 9335: 9315: 9215: 9190: 9157: 9042: 8901: 8896: 8886: 8801: 8786: 8771: 7983: 7647: 6984: 6352: 6054: 5508: 2117: 1759: 1520: 1500: 1431: 1126: 1058: 1005: 919: 768: 720: 436:, also called Syrian rue, although it is not actually a variety of 6772: 6278:

Now Barabbas Was a Rotter: the Extraordinary Life of Marie Corelli

5837:"Absinthe Loses Battle for Swiss Brand Protection Like Emmentaler" 5401:

Schedule 19 – Maximum levels of contaminants and natural toxicants

3101: 3099: 2493:

Padosch, Stephan A; Lachenmeier, Dirk W.; Kröner, Lars U. (2006).

1798:: 3 brands of absinthe are listed for sale on the web site of the 1077: 1057:

Absinthe may also be naturally coloured pink or red using rose or

10357: 10277: 10262: 10207: 10120: 10100: 10055: 10040: 10024: 9998: 9963: 9923: 9913: 9863: 9808: 9685: 9670: 9589: 9569: 9534: 9467: 9067: 9027: 9007: 8972: 8931: 8856: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8145: 7703: 7262: 6996: 6972: 6901: 6886: 5778:"Ordonnance du DFI sur les boissons alcooliques: Art. 80 Absinth" 4390:"Professors of Absinthe Historic account of preparation at a bar" 3754: 2110: 2094: 2074: 2027: 1955:

The sale and production of absinthe has never been prohibited in

1936: 1830: 1795: 1753: 1749: 1661: 1577: 1480: 1332: 1133:

have often been used as a substitute if absinthe is unavailable.

1123: 910:

Traditional absinthes obtain their green color strictly from the

892: 580: 335: 331: 315: 303: 242: 204:

derived from several plants, including the flowers and leaves of

35: 10050: 5364: 2235: 1453:

Absinthe has been frequently described in modern times as being

222:

or 90–148 proof in the US. Absinthe traditionally has a natural

10397: 10322: 10252: 10232: 10227: 10187: 9898: 9823: 9818: 9803: 9780: 9765: 9740: 9730: 9700: 9690: 9680: 9544: 9509: 9499: 9457: 9452: 9432: 9412: 9365: 9340: 9330: 9180: 9047: 9037: 9017: 8992: 8921: 8796: 7000: 6931: 4294: 3692: 3096: 2272: 1960: 1956: 1765: 1710: 1645: 1300:

Vertes at left, blanches at right, and a prepared glass of each

1232: 1223: 1167: 1130: 1106: 993: 927: 871: 867: 857: 691: 517: 432: 307: 253: 215: 201: 121: 6196:

Intoxication: The Universal Drive for Mind-Altering Substances

5888:"Alcohol Tax and Trade Bureau Industry Circular Number 2007–5" 1894:, which has claimed to possess several producers of absinthe. 10132: 9938: 9888: 9843: 9833: 9798: 9710: 9584: 9519: 9462: 9325: 9300: 9295: 9280: 9260: 9245: 9225: 9210: 9117: 9107: 9102: 9062: 9057: 9032: 9002: 8967: 8962: 8926: 8911: 8846: 8716: 8630: 8443: 8351: 7516: 6678: 2544: 1689: 1163: 1102: 1037: 952: 460: 385: 376: 339: 223: 211: 197: 116: 98: 5449:"Prohibited / Restricted Goods – Frequently asked questions" 3989:"La Maison Pernod Fils a Pontarlier", E. Dentu (1896, p. 10) 3538:"Standard 1.4.4 – Prohibited and Restricted Plant and Fungi" 3022: 2338: 827:, one of three main herbs used in the production of absinthe 171: 159: 10045: 9705: 9290: 9270: 9200: 9152: 9147: 9082: 9022: 8625: 6801: 6559:

The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh

5532:"Happy Hour's Guide to Absinthe: What can I buy in Canada?" 5292: 1834: 695: 3778:"Ice lolly made from holy water and absinthe goes on sale" 3750:"Absinthe Pops: The Frozen Treat That Will Melt Your Face" 10272: 9878: 9477: 9137: 6249:"Absinthe: How the Green Fairy became literature's drink" 5804:"Download from Confédération Suisse Website: see pp. 3–4" 4654:

1874, "On the Comparative Action of Alcohol and Absinthe"

3957: 1594:

Tests conducted on mice to study toxicity showed an oral

1122:

In baking and in preparing the classic New Orleans-style

875: 449: 437: 153: 144: 7880:

Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States

6142:

Manet's Modernism: Or, The Face of Painting in the 1860s

5331: 4723: 3688:"Alameda distiller helps make absinthe legitimate again" 2492: 459:

word, marked by the non-Indo-European consonant complex

4339:

Absinthe Cocktails: 50 Ways to Mix with the Green Fairy

3446: 3111:. United States Brewers' Association. 1916. p. 82. 3108:

The Year Book of the United States Brewers' Association

2056:

The product must be thujone-free as per TTB guidelines,

1231:, which was effectively a large jar of iced water with 6742:"Swiss face sobering future after legalizing absinthe" 6459:

Blumer, D. (2002). "The Illness of Vincent van Gogh".

1829:

The sale and production of absinthe was prohibited in

1339:

conferred during the secondary maceration only remain

6614: 6388:

Hideous absinthe: a history of the devil in a bottle,

5601:"French decree on fenchone and pinocamphone repealed" 5252:

Weisbord, S. D.; Soule, J. B.; Kimmel, P. L. (1997).

4875:. Wired-vig.wired.com. 4 January 2009. Archived from 3932: 2457:

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

165: 156: 150: 7133:

Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States

6013:. U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Archived from 5780:. Confédération Suisse. 1 April 2008. Archived from 4076: 4074: 2231: 1357:, and often exhibit a characteristic citrus flavour. 147: 8693: 7804:

List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita

5251: 2621:"Absinth: Short explanation of the adoption of the 2109:, has never been repealed, is included in the 2006 2105:The Absinthe (Prohibition) Act 1915, passed in the 1218:

Slowly dripping ice water from an absinthe fountain

1110:In at least one documented case, a person suffered 141: 5623:"Absinthe in France: Legalising the 'green fairy'" 3432:Difford, Simmon (May–June 2009). "Absinthe Tale". 3315: 1780:: absinthe sold in provincial liquor store outlets 1774:: absinthe sold in provincial liquor store outlets 7809:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States 7214:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism 5864:. US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from 4834: 4832: 4830: 4160: 4071: 2570:"Titi lvcreti cari de rervm natvra liber qvartvs" 2499:Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2488: 2486: 2341:Nouveau Manuel Complet du Distillateur Liquoriste 1310:absinthe ("white" in French, also referred to as 10429: 6223:Absinthe, Sip of Seduction: A Contemporary Guide 5453:Australian Customs and Border Protection Service 3635:Brand Name: KUBLER ... Approval Date: 05/17/2007 1114:after drinking 10 ml of pure wormwood oil. 8191:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility 6219: 5199:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4790: 3649:"A Notorious Spirit Finds Its Way Back to Bars" 3611:Brand Name: LUCID ... Approval Date: 03/05/2007 2368: 891:yields a colourless distillate that leaves the 252:in Switzerland in the late 18th century by the 6681:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 4827: 2483: 2396:Wittels, Betina; Breaux, T. A. (6 June 2017). 1327:absinthe ("green" in French, sometimes called 706:home distillers produced colourless absinthe ( 8498: 7088: 6817: 4902: 4627:"Everything you know about absinthe is a lie" 4303:. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 4130: 4108:"Absinthe – the Green (or pink or red) Fairy" 3489:Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956 2928: 2654:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). 2395: 2369:Wittels, Betina J.; Hermesch, Robert (2003). 2311:Nouveau Traité de la Fabrication des Liqueurs 2298:(in French) (3rd ed.). pp. 375–378. 1699:Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956 1519:, impure alcohol (contaminated possibly with 470:. Alternative spellings for absinthe include 7753:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day 5937:. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. 5372:"Calculate Your Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)" 4543:"Absinthe bootleggers refuse to go straight" 4468:"Everything You Need to Know About Absinthe" 4364:"How to buy and drink good quality absinthe" 4186: 3043: 2653: 2093:) (before 2009), the TTB classified it as a 1890:It is legal to produce and sell absinthe in 1606:(which may contain as much as 50% thujone). 903:absinthe, or it may be coloured to create a 800: 665: 649: 550: 370: 241:. While sometimes casually referred to as a 227: 9966:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients 6732: – An April 2001 article in 6145:. University of Chicago Press. p. 34. 5699:(in Swedish). Systembolaget. Archived from 5188: 5186: 4545:. Swiss info. 11 March 2006. Archived from 1989:Federal Administrative Court of Switzerland 1873:was controversial, and was rejected by the 379: 365:(1895): a poet succumbs to the Green Fairy. 9364: 8525: 8505: 8491: 8394:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933 7964:List of countries with alcohol prohibition 7095: 7081: 6824: 6810: 6650:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 6220:Wittels, Betina; Hermesch, Robert (2008). 5697:"Absint – "Den gröna feen"" 5299:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 5155:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 4295:Laura Halpin Rinsky; Glenn Rinsky (2009). 2763: 2761: 2323: 1746:: no established limits on thujone content 1093:absinthes are bottled at up to 89.9% ABV. 724:An advertising poster for Absinthe Beucler 34: 7296:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption 6661: 5809:. Confédération Suisse. 7 February 2005. 5721: 5286: 5269: 5228: 5218: 5166: 4920: 4905:"Pharmacology and toxicology of absinthe" 3348: 3028: 2929:Wittels, Betina J.; Breaux, T.A. (2017). 2767: 2740:Delahaye, Marie-Claude (1 January 2001). 2678: 2676: 2520: 2510: 2339:Lebead; de Fontenelle; Malepeyre (1888). 708: 703: 6165: 5529: 5183: 4940: 4701:The Book of Absinthe: A Cultural History 4663:By Dr. Magnan Retrieved 29 November 2006 3646: 3071: 2802:"High Price of Wines due to Short Crops" 2739: 2358:(in French) (3rd ed.). p. 249. 2267: 2116: 2020:Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau 2002: 1844: 1666: 1551: 1441: 1384: 1290: 1213: 1152: 1087: 1076: 1036: 1032: 1023:One early recipe was included in 1864's 767: 719: 631: 535: 531: 524:, France, under the company name Maison 353: 210:("grand wormwood"), together with green 8512: 7934:Legal drinking age in the United States 6577: 6521: 6272: 5980: 5598: 5142: 5079: 4903:Patočka, Jiří; Plucar, Bohumil (2003). 4465: 4442:"Trying to Clear Absinthe's Reputation" 4414: 4144:. Oxygenee (France) Ltd. Archived from 4064:The English and Australian Cookery Book 3801: 3775: 3431: 3074:"Fans of absinthe party like it's 1899" 2953: 2758: 2353: 2308: 2293: 2261: 1880:spiritueux à base de plantes d'absinthe 1531:(the last-named being used to fake the 1026:The English and Australian Cookery Book 907:using natural or artificial colouring. 10430: 7102: 6495: 6458: 6400: 6246: 6192: 5941:from the original on 17 September 2008 5834: 5816:from the original on 10 September 2008 5668: 5417:"Australian Customs Notice No.2013/28" 4672: 4497:from the original on 24 September 2008 4060: 4035:. The Wormwood Society. Archived from 3282: 3254: 3181:from the original on 24 September 2008 3000: 2708: 2673: 2454: 1656:Absinthe is readily available in many 945: 9961: 9363: 8692: 8524: 8486: 7917:List of dry communities by U.S. state 7076: 6805: 6617:International Journal of Epidemiology 6556: 6138: 5724:"Absinthe Prohibition in Switzerland" 5673:. The Southland Times. Archived from 4698: 4624: 4597: 4439: 4366:. Wormwoodsociety.org. Archived from 4335: 4329: 3855:"Aide-Mémoire: production d'absinthe" 3716:"A Liquor of Legend Makes a Comeback" 3713: 3406: 3257:"Absinthe: Unmasking the green fairy" 3072:Carvajal, Doreen (27 November 2004). 3039: 3037: 2864: 2862: 2567: 2416: 2128: 885: 440:, another famously bitter herb. That 384:, which in turn comes from the Greek 183: 7430:List of methanol poisoning incidents 6199:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. 5835:Bosley, Catherine (13 August 2014). 5671:"Liquor ban after teen's near death" 5404:Food Standards Australia New Zealand 5192: 4598:Rosen, Jennifer (7 September 2007). 3965:"Ordonnance du DFI sur les boissons" 3911: 3747: 3685: 3545:Food Standards Australia New Zealand 3517:Australia New Zealand Food Authority 3330:from the original on 11 January 2022 3049:Elections in Europe: A Data Dandbook 2985: 2772:. London: John Murray. p. 217. 2448: 2073:Beginning in 2000, a product called 2038:gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 1950: 8151:Alcohol consumption recommendations 8076:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day 6401:Arnold, Wilfred Niels (June 1989). 6335:""Absinthe" (1913) – A silent film" 6120:from the original on 6 October 2008 5530:McDowell, Adam (19 November 2010). 4760: 4084:. Lafeeabsinthe.com. Archived from 4023: 3998: 3647:Skrzycki, Cindy (16 October 2007). 3145:"Vintage Absinthe Pernod Tarragona" 2576:from the original on 20 August 2008 2432:. 18 September 2008. Archived from 2224:, from 1913 and 1914 respectively. 1072: 1061:flowers. This was referred to as a 805:which represents French distillers. 802:Fédération Française des Spiritueux 664:described its effects in his novel 13: 7875:Alcohol packaging warning messages 7487:Alcohol use among college students 7149:Drunk driving in the United States 6757: – A November 2005 6429:10.1038/scientificamerican0689-112 6380: 6042:. US Customs and Border Protection 5378:. Cleveland Clinic. Archived from 4466:Shenton, Will (24 February 2016). 4138:"Rosinette Absinthe Rose Oxygénée" 3034: 2933:. Fulcrum Publishing. p. 45. 2859: 2744:(in French). Musee de L'Absinthe. 2068:U.S. Customs and Border Protection 788: 14: 10469: 8434:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 8414:Index of alcohol-related articles 7857:Administrative License Suspension 6755:"The Mystery of the Green Menace" 6716: 6360:""Absinthe" (1914) A silent film" 6166:Phillips, Rod (13 October 2014). 6040:"Prohibited and Restricted Items" 5981:Navarro, Vincent (5 March 2018). 5728:American Political Science Review 4675:"Absinthe's mystique cops a blow" 4488: 4247:. wormwoodsociety. Archived from 3667:from the original on 5 March 2009 3349:Pursglove, Anna (4 August 2000). 3168: 3008:. Chronicle Books. pp. 1–4. 2834: 2424:"The Appeal of 'The Green Fairy'" 1821:unless they further regulate it. 1808: 1437: 715: 10448:Culinary Heritage of Switzerland 8467: 8466: 7868:Alcoholic beverage control state 7664:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate 6885: 6796:Culinary Heritage of Switzerland 6767:"The Return of the Green Faerie" 6310:""The Hasher's Delirium" (1910)" 6284: 6266: 6240: 6213: 6186: 6172:. UNC Press Books. p. 180. 6159: 6132: 6106: 6080: 6032: 6000: 5974: 5953: 5927: 5906: 5880: 5854: 5828: 5796: 5770: 5715: 5689: 5669:Gerken, Sonia (30 August 2008). 5662: 5633: 5615: 5592: 5567: 5551: 5523: 5496: 5471: 5441: 5409: 5394: 5325: 5245: 5123: 5070: 5061: 5033: 5024: 5011: 4969: 4897:K.C. Rice and R.S. Wilson, 1976 4440:McGee, Harold (3 January 2008). 4082:"Class Mag May/June 2009 La Fee" 3255:Rogers, Tim (17 November 2010). 2709:Lemons, Stephen (7 April 2005). 2469:10.1001/jama.1988.03410200098033 2234: 1998: 1854:Femme au café (Absinthe Drinker) 850: 834: 817: 137: 7477:Alcohol in association football 5722:Schaffner, Margaret A. (1908). 5095:Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau 4929: 4891: 4865: 4839:The Appeal of 'The Green Fairy' 4784: 4717: 4692: 4666: 4644: 4618: 4591: 4575:. 26 April 2006. Archived from 4561: 4535: 4509: 4482: 4459: 4433: 4408: 4382: 4356: 4342:. Chronicle Books. p. 33. 4288: 4263: 4237: 4212: 4100: 4054: 4017: 3992: 3983: 3905: 3879: 3847: 3823: 3795: 3769: 3741: 3714:Wells, Pete (5 December 2007). 3707: 3686:Finz, Stacy (5 December 2007). 3679: 3640: 3616: 3592: 3566: 3530: 3510:"Australian Food Standards PDF" 3502: 3480: 3455: 3440: 3425: 3400: 3378:"La Fée - The Definitive Range" 3370: 3342: 3308: 3283:Sullum, Jacob (1 August 2005). 3276: 3248: 3218: 3193: 3162: 3137: 3115: 3065: 2994: 2979: 2947: 2922: 2892: 2847:from the original on 5 May 2008 2828: 2794: 2733: 2702: 2647: 2625:spelling by Bohemian producers" 2613: 2588: 2561: 2537: 2135:Cultural references to absinthe 1800:Liquor Control Board of Ontario 1117: 617: 298: 296:, which gave birth to the term 8543:History of alcoholic beverages 7689:List of deaths through alcohol 7507:Epidemiology of binge drinking 7311:Subjective response to alcohol 6461:American Journal of Psychiatry 4909:Journal of Applied Biomedicine 4519:. La Fee Verte. Archived from 4392:. Oxygenee Ltd. Archived from 3916:. Feeverte.net. Archived from 3802:Campion, Vikki (8 June 2012). 3776:Stewart, Alice (31 May 2012). 3449:Deutsch Lebensmittel Rundschau 2931:Absinthe: The Exquisite Elixir 2399:Absinthe: The Exquisite Elixir 2389: 2362: 2347: 2343:(in French). pp. 221–224. 2332: 2328:(in French). pp. 251–262. 2317: 2313:(in French). pp. 385–401. 2302: 2287: 1975: 1930: 1635: 1538: 1487:(THC), the active chemical in 1136: 1129:, anise-flavored liqueurs and 963: 572:10 US gal) of wine. 1: 8174:Sweat alcohol content monitor 7209:Alcoholism in rural Australia 6524:"Absinthe: The Green Goddess" 6501:Absinthe: History in a Bottle 5983:"It's National Absinthe Day!" 5641:"European Union PDF document" 5338:Journal of Studies on Alcohol 5044:Absinthe: History in a Bottle 4955:10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00089-6 4856:Absinthe: History in a Bottle 4854:, September 18, 2008. Citing 4805:10.1016/S0091-3057(98)00195-6 3999:Chu, Louisa (12 March 2008). 3226:"Absinthe History and FAQ VI" 2255: 1733:Canada Border Services Agency 1679: 1612:Journal of Studies on Alcohol 808: 773: 8097:Adult Children of Alcoholics 7885:Drunk driving law by country 7301:Long-term effects of alcohol 7219:Disease theory of alcoholism 7204:Alcoholism in family systems 7194:Alcohol and Native Americans 6831: 6578:Guthrie, R. Winston (2010). 6364:Progressive Silent Film List 6339:Progressive Silent Film List 5479:"Brazilian Absinthe Camargo" 5406:. Retrieved 1 December 2016. 4771:Absinthe History in a Bottle 3409:The Dedalus Book of Absinthe 3201:"Modern Revival of Absinthe" 3123:"The Absinthe Buyer's Guide" 3078:International Herald Tribune 3006:Absinthe History in a Bottle 2959:Absinthe History in a Bottle 2024:Food and Drug Administration 1651: 1483:'s structural similarity to 508: 466: 446:Proto-Indo-European language 391: 349: 248:Absinthe was created in the 7: 7824:International whisk(e)y day 7138:Driving under the influence 5599:Aggelos (5 November 2010). 5271:10.1056/nejm199709183371205 4703:. Grove Press. p. 32. 4673:Salleh, Anna (1 May 2008). 4625:Cohen, Brad (7 June 2018). 4142:Musée Virtuel de l'Absinthe 3748:Rose, Brent (8 June 2012). 2600:Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages 2326:La Fabrication des Liqueurs 2227: 2087:) and not grande wormwood ( 1709:Absinthe was prohibited in 1609:One study published in the 1174:) come out of solution and 1090: 10: 10474: 10443:Anise liqueurs and spirits 8340:Christian views on alcohol 7946:List of alcohol laws of US 7224:High-functioning alcoholic 7035:Wormwood: A Drama of Paris 6723:"Absinthe's second coming" 6522:Crowley, Aleister (1918). 6473:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.519 6298:. 21 July 1915. p. 5. 6193:Siegel, Ronald K. (2005). 2770:The Secret Lives of Colour 2768:St. Clair, Kassia (2016). 2545: 2372:Absinthe: Sip of Seduction 2209:Wormwood: A Drama of Paris 2132: 2100: 1897: 1885: 1860:, Saint Petersburg, Russia 1824: 1544: 1412: 1146: 1140: 782:In 2007, the French brand 694:, and to a lesser extent, 615: 497: 461: 408:in a drink is attested in 386: 18: 10412: 9971: 9957: 9791: 9600: 9377: 9373: 9359: 9168: 8942: 8706: 8702: 8688: 8588: 8535: 8531: 8520: 8462: 8406: 8360: 8330: 8254: 8239:Alcoholic spirits measure 8224:Low-alcoholic malt drinks 8138: 7982: 7954: 7905:Ignition interlock device 7847: 7838: 7794:Drunken monkey hypothesis 7727: 7656: 7627:Routes of administration 7408: 7319: 7288: 7256:Alcohol congener analysis 7238: 7199:Alcoholism in adolescence 7184: 7121: 7110: 7044: 7010: 6945: 6894: 6883: 6839: 6693:10.1080/10408690590957322 5139:. Retrieved 5 March 2006. 5003:Cite uses generic title ( 4793:Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav 4493:. absinthe buyers guide. 4220:"Absinthe with 89.9% ABV" 3578:The Sydney Morning Herald 3171:"The Fine Spirits Corner" 2837:"The Fine Spirits Corner" 2161:Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 1840: 1772:Newfoundland and Labrador 1717: 1704: 1621:statistically significant 1378: 1258: 1050:, reputed to enhance the 598:Franklin Delano Roosevelt 568:10 imp gal; 1.3 287:Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 104: 94: 86: 76: 63: 53: 45: 33: 21:Absinthe (disambiguation) 9815:Coconut and other palms 9187:Coconut and other palms 8558:History of Bordeaux wine 7028:Absinthe: La Folie Verte 5350:10.15288/jsa.2004.65.573 4901:19: 1054–1057. Cited by 4600:"Absinthe Without Leave" 3411:. Dedalus. p. 165. 2742:L'absinthe: son historie 2250:List of alcoholic drinks 1910: 1867:'s first major painting 492:Bohemian-style absinthes 302:. The chemical compound 10458:French distilled drinks 8643:Drinking establishments 8419:Alcohol and spaceflight 8161:Alcohol server training 8034:Managed alcohol program 7612:Binge drinking devices 7306:Pharmacology of ethanol 6139:Fried, Michael (1996). 4851:Sarasota Herald-Tribune 4415:Dorelli, Peter (1999). 4061:Abbott, Edward (1864). 3675:– via bevlaw.com. 3356:London Evening Standard 3051:. Nomos. p. 1906. 2711:"Behind the green door" 2660:A Greek–English Lexicon 2429:Sarasota Herald-Tribune 2324:De Brevans, J. (1908). 2280:Encyclopædia Britannica 1369:, often abbreviated as 1096: 772:Absinthe distillation, 611: 451: 55:Country of origin 9850:Sugarcane or molasses 9287:Sugarcane or molasses 8526:History and production 8024:Alcohol rehabilitation 7992:Alcohol detoxification 7895:Field sobriety testing 7780:Health effects of wine 7748:International Beer Day 7512:Holiday heart syndrome 6907:Bohemian-style absinth 6296:The Independent-Record 6280:. London: H. Hamilton. 6226:. Fulcrum Publishing. 5650:" in table on page 11) 5579:www.legifrance.gouv.fr 5220:10.1073/pnas.070042397 4981:www.absintheonline.com 4569:"Worthy of their name" 4271:"Evolution in action!" 3887:"How to make Absinthe" 3175:Absinthe Buyer's Guide 2902:. Old Absinthe House. 2512:10.1186/1747-597X-1-14 2402:. Fulcrum Publishing. 2125: 2122:La fin de la fée verte 2015: 1861: 1685: 1564: 1499:, while others act as 1450: 1396:Bohemian-style absinth 1390: 1301: 1249:Death in the Afternoon 1219: 1178:. The resulting milky 1158: 1083: 1042: 801: 789:long-standing U.S. ban 779: 725: 675:In 1905, Swiss farmer 666: 650: 642: 641:, by Edgar Degas, 1876 630: 551: 545: 380: 371: 366: 228: 8573:History of Rioja wine 8276:Disulfiram-like drugs 7816:Ritual use of alcohol 7785:Wine and food pairing 7770:Apéritif and digestif 7421:Adulterated moonshine 7268:Blood alcohol content 7230:Seeing pink elephants 6961:Angelica archangelica 6390:London: I.B. Tauris. 5603:. Gazetteabsinthe.com 5076:Ian Hutton, pp. 62–63 4922:10.32725/jab.2003.036 4491:"Fine Spirits Corner" 4245:"About absinthe kits" 3971:. Swiss Confederation 3891:Alandia Absinthe Blog 3843:on 24 September 2015. 3351:"What's your poison?" 3133:on 14 September 2007. 3047:; Stöver, P. (2010). 2841:Absinthe Buyers Guide 2629:La Fee Verte Absinthe 2214:The Hasher's Delirium 2120: 2006: 1848: 1670: 1555: 1447:Henri Privat-Livemont 1445: 1388: 1294: 1217: 1156: 1080: 1040: 1033:Alternative colouring 918:. This step involves 771: 723: 635: 625: 539: 532:Growth of consumption 357: 10284:Mammee apple flower 8563:History of Champagne 8345:Alcohol in the Bible 8332:Religion and alcohol 8298:General anaesthetics 8091:Alcoholics Anonymous 8049:List of mixed drinks 7502:Alcohol intoxication 7417:Adulterated alcohol 6992:Hyssopus officinalis 6968:Artemisia absinthium 6773:The Wormwood Society 6581:A Taste for Absinthe 6544:on 18 September 2020 6008:"Know Before You Go" 5868:on 21 September 2008 5193:Hold, K. M. (2000). 4977:"404 Page Not Found" 4860:The Book of Absinthe 4699:Baker, Phil (2001). 4579:on 30 September 2007 4523:on 15 September 2008 4336:Simon, Kate (2010). 4001:"Crazy for absinthe" 3920:on 20 September 2010 3914:"Historical Recipes" 3407:Baker, Phil (2001). 2986:Zola, Émile (1970). 2635:on 17 September 2008 2596:"Absinthe etymology" 2309:Fritsch, J. (1926). 2294:Duplais, P. (1882). 2090:Artemisia absinthium 1905:Artemisia absinthium 1870:The Absinthe Drinker 1784:Prince Edward Island 1676:The Absinthe Drinker 1557:The Absinthe Drinker 1529:antimony trichloride 1485:tetrahydrocannabinol 1465:artists or writers. 1048:antimony trichloride 992:or Roman wormwood), 442:Artemisia absinthium 406:Artemisia absinthium 207:Artemisia absinthium 19:For other uses, see 10334:Sugarcane/molasses 8777:Moscatel de Setúbal 8670:Yeast in winemaking 8658:Yeast in winemaking 8514:Alcoholic beverages 8424:Gateway drug effect 8210:Low-alcohol drinks 8039:Non-alcoholic drink 7974:Temperance movement 7956:Alcohol prohibition 7679:Gilbert Paul Jordan 7669:Dionysian Mysteries 7453:on college campuses 7448:Alcohol advertising 7166:Public intoxication 6602:on 28 February 2019 6537:(2). Archived from 6421:1989SciAm.260f.112A 6408:Scientific American 6068:on 20 February 2012 5784:on 23 February 2009 5562:European Commission 5376:clevelandclinic.org 5211:2000PNAS...97.3826H 5108:on 27 November 2007 5040:Conrad III, Barnaby 4773:. Chronicle Books. 4767:Conrad III, Barnaby 4417:Savoy Cocktail Book 4396:on 5 September 2008 3809:The Daily Telegraph 3657:The Washington Post 3451:. pp. 100–104. 3323:The Daily Telegraph 3236:on 26 February 2012 3084:on 28 February 2006 3031:, pp. 218–219. 3002:Conrad, Barnaby III 2955:Barnaby, Conrad III 2910:on 25 December 2016 2880:on 8 September 2012 2084:Artemisia abrotanum 1580:for these effects. 1243:these libations is 1112:acute kidney injury 946:Cold mixed absinthe 793:Alameda, California 656:can be seen at the 486:(without the final 457:pre-Greek substrate 338:, the Netherlands, 250:canton of Neuchâtel 59:Switzerland, France 30: 8568:History of Chianti 8536:History of alcohol 8256:Addiction medicine 8199:Get Your Sexy Back 8139:Alcohol limitation 8115:Sober living house 8081:Twelve-step groups 8014:Brief intervention 8007:Open-container law 7969:Neo-prohibitionism 7929:Legal drinking age 7735:Alcoholic beverage 7636:Alcohol inhalation 7551:Drinking in public 7529:Blackout Wednesday 7387:Beverage-specific 7104:Alcohol and health 6980:Foeniculum vulgare 6786:"What Is Absinthe" 6778:2006-04-24 at the 6747:2016-12-02 at the 6728:2008-12-03 at the 6629:10.1093/ije/dym068 6386:Adams, Jad (2004) 6247:Ciabattari, Jane. 6169:Alcohol: A History 6094:on 25 January 2010 5894:on 9 February 2014 5677:on 16 January 2009 5459:on 2 February 2015 5429:on 7 February 2017 5135:2007-11-27 at the 4862:, and Thujone.info 4858:, Biomed Central, 4844:2016-01-20 at the 4659:2007-09-29 at the 4446:The New York Times 4275:www.gumbopages.com 4200:on 21 October 2018 4168:"Absinth-Guide.de" 4148:on 6 November 2021 4088:on 2 December 2016 4033:Distiller's Manual 3867:on 2 December 2016 3720:The New York Times 3554:on 10 January 2006 2810:The New York Times 2721:on 20 October 2012 2684:"Absinthe FAQ III" 2436:on 20 January 2016 2129:Cultural influence 2126: 2016: 1862: 1686: 1565: 1451: 1391: 1302: 1220: 1159: 1084: 1043: 886:Distilled absinthe 780: 726: 643: 546: 367: 275:Charles Baudelaire 28: 10425: 10424: 10408: 10407: 10111:Chocolate liqueur 10072:Blackthorn shrub 9953: 9952: 9949: 9948: 9905:Various starches 9661:Tennessee whiskey 9355: 9354: 9351: 9350: 9322:Various starches 8684: 8683: 8680: 8679: 8578:History of Sherry 8480: 8479: 8402: 8401: 8352:Islam and alcohol 8286:Calcium carbimide 8156:Alcohol education 8044:List of cocktails 8019:Designated driver 7997:Alcohol-free zone 7900:Hip flask defence 7834: 7833: 7775:Hangover remedies 7719:Whiskey Rebellion 7709:Six o'clock swill 7497:Austrian syndrome 7436:Surrogate alcohol 7426:Denatured alcohol 7398:Red wine headache 7070: 7069: 6663:10.1021/jf703568f 6531:The International 6503:. San Francisco: 5311:10.1021/jf981170m 5168:10.1021/jf703568f 4879:on 23 August 2010 4732:(5490): 365–366. 4013:on 14 March 2008. 3893:. 2 November 2016 3580:. 22 October 2003 3436:. pp. 88–93. 2813:. 5 November 1911 2715:Phoenix New Times 2690:on 21 August 2014 2463:(20): 3042–3044. 2409:978-1-68275-156-5 2382:978-0-9725776-1-8 2193:August Strindberg 2153:Amedeo Modigliani 2145:Guy de Maupassant 1951:Sweden and Norway 1945:alcohol poisoning 1229:absinthe fountain 989:Artemisia pontica 728:British importer 648:'s 1876 painting 618:§ Absinthism 509:absinthites oinos 426:, or the variant 130: 129: 66:Alcohol by volume 10465: 10453:Distilled drinks 10032:Herbs de Majorca 10006:Anisado Mallorca 9959: 9958: 9761:American whiskey 9752:Multiple grains 9641:Buckwheat whisky 9375: 9374: 9361: 9360: 9134:Multiple grains 8704: 8703: 8695:Fermented drinks 8690: 8689: 8596:Alcohol industry 8533: 8532: 8522: 8521: 8507: 8500: 8493: 8484: 8483: 8470: 8469: 8269:Chlordiazepoxide 8219:Low-alcohol beer 7863:Alcohol monopoly 7845: 7844: 7765:Drinking culture 7758:Women in brewing 7641:Vodka eyeballing 7608:Passive drinking 7119: 7118: 7097: 7090: 7083: 7074: 7073: 6922:Le Tourment Vert 6889: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6803: 6802: 6735:Cigar Aficionado 6712: 6675: 6665: 6656:(9): 3073–3081. 6640: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6598:. Archived from 6574: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6543: 6528: 6518: 6492: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6306: 6300: 6299: 6292:"At the Antlers" 6288: 6282: 6281: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6090:. Archived from 6084: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6064:. Archived from 6058: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6036: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6019: 6012: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5978: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5890:. Archived from 5884: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5815: 5808: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5719: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5708: 5703:on 24 March 2011 5693: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5645: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5571: 5565: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5455:. Archived from 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5428: 5422:. Archived from 5421: 5413: 5407: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5368: 5362: 5361: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5305:(5): 2048–2054. 5290: 5284: 5283: 5273: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5232: 5222: 5205:(8): 3826–3831. 5190: 5181: 5180: 5170: 5161:(9): 3073–3081. 5146: 5140: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5113: 5107: 5092: 5083: 5077: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5059: 5037: 5031: 5028: 5022: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5001: 4999: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4949:(1–3): 183–192. 4943:J Ethnopharmacol 4933: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4869: 4863: 4836: 4825: 4824: 4788: 4782: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4738:10.1038/253365a0 4721: 4715: 4714: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4670: 4664: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4302: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4251:on 19 April 2008 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4196:. Archived from 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4170:. Archived from 4164: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4118:on 3 August 2016 4114:. Archived from 4104: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4078: 4069: 4068: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4042:on 13 April 2015 4041: 4030: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4009:. Archived from 3996: 3990: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3866: 3860:. Archived from 3859: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3836:. Archived from 3835: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3666: 3653: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3630: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3606: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3574:"Just add water" 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3553: 3547:. Archived from 3542: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3514: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3384:. Archived from 3374: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3326:. 27 July 2001. 3319: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3302:The Free Library 3299: 3297: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3232:. Archived from 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3129:. Archived from 3119: 3113: 3112: 3103: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3080:. Archived from 3069: 3063: 3062: 3041: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3019: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2906:. Archived from 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2876:. Archived from 2866: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2818: 2806: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2765: 2756: 2755: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2717:. Archived from 2706: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2686:. Archived from 2680: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2631:. Archived from 2617: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2565: 2559: 2548: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2524: 2514: 2490: 2481: 2480: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2366: 2360: 2359: 2354:Duplais (1882). 2351: 2345: 2344: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2276: 2274:"Absinthe" 2265: 2244: 2239: 2238: 2185:Ernest Hemingway 2181:Aleister Crowley 2165:Vincent van Gogh 1858:Hermitage Museum 1740:British Columbia 1684: 1681: 1547:Delirium tremens 1474:Vincent van Gogh 1470:Toulouse-Lautrec 1428:room temperature 1297:Modern Absinthes 1245:Ernest Hemingway 1073:Bottled strength 854: 838: 821: 804: 778: 775: 732:began to import 685:Congo Free State 671: 655: 602:Aleister Crowley 571: 567: 563: 560: 557: 554: 511: 469: 464: 463: 454: 403: 400: 397: 394: 389: 388: 383: 374: 369:The French word 263:Ernest Hemingway 240: 237: 234: 231: 195: 194: 193: 187: 185:[apsɛ̃t] 182: 178: 177: 174: 173: 170: 167: 162: 161: 158: 155: 152: 149: 146: 143: 69: 56: 38: 31: 27: 10473: 10472: 10468: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10463: 10462: 10428: 10427: 10426: 10421: 10404: 10373:Crème de cassis 10368:Crème de banane 10354:Various fruits 10223:Crème de menthe 9984:Crème de Noyaux 9967: 9945: 9787: 9771:Canadian whisky 9745:Kaoliang liquor 9651:Bourbon whiskey 9616:Japanese whisky 9596: 9565:Marillenschnaps 9541:Various fruits 9369: 9347: 9176:Agave americana 9164: 8938: 8893:Various fruits 8698: 8676: 8584: 8553:History of wine 8548:History of beer 8527: 8516: 8511: 8481: 8476: 8458: 8439:Self-medication 8398: 8356: 8326: 8264:Benzodiazepines 8250: 8134: 8120:Sobering center 8105:Sober companion 8086:Al-Anon/Alateen 7978: 7950: 7840: 7830: 7723: 7652: 7592:In vino veritas 7586:Hair of the dog 7404: 7320:Adverse effects 7315: 7284: 7234: 7180: 7124: 7123:Alcohol-related 7114: 7106: 7101: 7071: 7066: 7040: 7012:Popular culture 7006: 6941: 6890: 6881: 6867:Obsello Absenta 6835: 6830: 6780:Wayback Machine 6749:Wayback Machine 6730:Wayback Machine 6719: 6605: 6603: 6596: 6588:. p. 176. 6586:Clarkson Potter 6547: 6545: 6541: 6526: 6515: 6505:Chronicle Books 6497:Conrad, Barnaby 6449: 6447: 6383: 6381:Further reading 6378: 6368: 6366: 6358: 6357: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6308: 6307: 6303: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6271: 6267: 6257: 6255: 6245: 6241: 6234: 6218: 6214: 6207: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6164: 6160: 6153: 6137: 6133: 6123: 6121: 6112: 6111: 6107: 6097: 6095: 6086: 6085: 6081: 6071: 6069: 6060: 6059: 6055: 6045: 6043: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6010: 6006: 6005: 6001: 5991: 5989: 5979: 5975: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5860: 5859: 5855: 5845: 5843: 5833: 5829: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5806: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5740:10.2307/1944480 5720: 5716: 5706: 5704: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5667: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5643: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5621: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5597: 5593: 5583: 5581: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5528: 5524: 5514: 5512: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5487: 5485: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5399: 5395: 5385: 5383: 5382:on 25 July 2017 5370: 5369: 5365: 5330: 5326: 5291: 5287: 5264:(12): 825–827. 5258:N. Engl. J. Med 5250: 5246: 5191: 5184: 5147: 5143: 5137:Wayback Machine 5128: 5124: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5090: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5071: 5066: 5062: 5048:Chronicle Books 5038: 5034: 5029: 5025: 5016: 5012: 5002: 4993: 4992: 4985: 4983: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4934: 4930: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4880: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4846:Wayback Machine 4837: 4828: 4789: 4785: 4765: 4761: 4722: 4718: 4711: 4697: 4693: 4683: 4681: 4671: 4667: 4661:Wayback Machine 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4604:Feature Article 4596: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4573:The Prague Post 4567: 4566: 4562: 4552: 4550: 4549:on 24 June 2008 4541: 4540: 4536: 4526: 4524: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4464: 4460: 4450: 4448: 4438: 4434: 4427: 4419:. Anova Books. 4413: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4334: 4330: 4315: 4293: 4289: 4279: 4277: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4194:"Absinthes.com" 4192: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4119: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4080: 4079: 4072: 4059: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4028: 4022: 4018: 4006:Chicago Tribune 3997: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3974: 3972: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3885: 3884: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3840: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3774: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3712: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3651: 3645: 3641: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3521: 3519: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3494: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3467:absinthe101.com 3463:"Absinthe Laws" 3461: 3460: 3456: 3445: 3441: 3430: 3426: 3419: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3388:on 23 June 2011 3376: 3375: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3347: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3295: 3293: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3253: 3249: 3239: 3237: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3167: 3163: 3153: 3151: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3070: 3066: 3059: 3042: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3016: 2999: 2995: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2965:. p. 116. 2963:Chronicle Books 2952: 2948: 2941: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2868: 2867: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2833: 2829: 2816: 2814: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2780: 2766: 2759: 2752: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2707: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2682: 2681: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2604: 2602: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2579: 2577: 2566: 2562: 2542: 2538: 2491: 2484: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2410: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2375:. Speck Press. 2367: 2363: 2352: 2348: 2337: 2333: 2322: 2318: 2307: 2303: 2292: 2288: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2240: 2233: 2230: 2137: 2131: 2103: 2001: 1978: 1953: 1933: 1913: 1900: 1888: 1843: 1827: 1811: 1768:: 15 mg/kg 1756:: 10 mg/kg 1720: 1707: 1682: 1654: 1638: 1599: 1550: 1541: 1517:oil of wormwood 1459:Valentin Magnan 1449:'s 1896 poster. 1440: 1415: 1299: 1298: 1261: 1205:Bohemian method 1176:cloud the drink 1151: 1145: 1139: 1120: 1099: 1075: 1052:louching effect 1035: 984:florence fennel 976:grande wormwood 966: 948: 924:petite wormwood 922:plants such as 888: 864: 863: 862: 861: 860: 855: 846: 845: 844: 842:Grande wormwood 839: 830: 829: 828: 822: 811: 776: 743:La Fée Absinthe 718: 620: 614: 569: 565: 561: 558: 555: 534: 500: 433:Peganum harmala 415:De Rerum Natura 401: 398: 395: 352: 324:Austria-Hungary 238: 236:the green fairy 235: 232: 189: 188: 180: 164: 140: 136: 126: 64: 54: 41: 24: 17: 16:Alcoholic drink 12: 11: 5: 10471: 10461: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10419: 10413: 10410: 10409: 10406: 10405: 10403: 10402: 10401: 10400: 10392: 10391: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10342: 10341: 10340: 10332: 10331: 10330: 10325: 10317: 10316: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10292: 10291: 10290: 10282: 10281: 10280: 10275: 10267: 10266: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10237: 10236: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10202: 10201: 10200: 10192: 10191: 10190: 10185: 10177: 10176: 10175: 10170: 10162: 10161: 10160: 10155: 10147: 10146: 10145: 10137: 10136: 10135: 10125: 10124: 10123: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10105: 10104: 10103: 10097:Chili peppers 10095: 10094: 10093: 10088: 10086:Cherry Heering 10080: 10079: 10078: 10070: 10069: 10068: 10060: 10059: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10034: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10011: 10010: 10009: 10008: 9996: 9988: 9987: 9986: 9981: 9972: 9969: 9968: 9955: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9943: 9942: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9903: 9902: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9884:Seco Herrerano 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9848: 9847: 9846: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9813: 9812: 9811: 9806: 9795: 9793: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9785: 9784: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9750: 9749: 9748: 9735: 9734: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9715: 9714: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9696:Mixiang Baijiu 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9665: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9645: 9644: 9643: 9635: 9634: 9633: 9625: 9624: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9604: 9602: 9598: 9597: 9595: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9539: 9538: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9497: 9496: 9495: 9490: 9482: 9481: 9480: 9472: 9471: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9437: 9436: 9435: 9427: 9426: 9425: 9417: 9416: 9415: 9407: 9406: 9405: 9397: 9396: 9395: 9390: 9381: 9379: 9371: 9370: 9368:by ingredients 9357: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9345: 9344: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9320: 9319: 9318: 9313: 9305: 9304: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9285: 9284: 9283: 9275: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9250: 9249: 9248: 9240: 9239: 9238: 9230: 9229: 9228: 9220: 9219: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9185: 9184: 9183: 9172: 9170: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9162: 9161: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9132: 9131: 9130: 9122: 9121: 9120: 9112: 9111: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 8997: 8996: 8995: 8990: 8982: 8981: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8957: 8956: 8955: 8946: 8944: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8891: 8890: 8889: 8881: 8880: 8879: 8871: 8870: 8869: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8851: 8850: 8849: 8841: 8840: 8839: 8831: 8830: 8829: 8821: 8820: 8819: 8811: 8810: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8756: 8755: 8754: 8746: 8745: 8744: 8736: 8735: 8734: 8729: 8721: 8720: 8719: 8710: 8708: 8700: 8699: 8697:by ingredients 8686: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8674: 8673: 8672: 8662: 8661: 8660: 8655: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8603: 8598: 8592: 8590: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8582: 8581: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8550: 8545: 8539: 8537: 8529: 8528: 8518: 8517: 8510: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8487: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8456: 8454:French paradox 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8410: 8408: 8404: 8403: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8364: 8362: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8348: 8347: 8336: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8323: 8322: 8317: 8310:Sulfonic acids 8307: 8306: 8305: 8295: 8294: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8273: 8272: 8271: 8260: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8248: 8247: 8246: 8244:Standard drink 8241: 8233: 8232: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8208: 8206:Liquor license 8203: 8202: 8201: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8177: 8176: 8171: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8078: 8073: 8071:Temperance bar 8068: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8010: 8009: 8004: 7994: 7988: 7986: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7960: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7948: 7943: 7942: 7941: 7936: 7926: 7921: 7920: 7919: 7909: 7908: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7871: 7870: 7860: 7853: 7851: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7829: 7828: 7827: 7826: 7818: 7813: 7812: 7811: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7787: 7777: 7772: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7737: 7731: 7729: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7660: 7658: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7650: 7645: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7625: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7547: 7546: 7541: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7520: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7492:Binge drinking 7489: 7484: 7482:Alcohol powder 7479: 7474: 7472:Alcohol myopia 7469: 7468: 7467: 7457: 7456: 7455: 7445: 7440: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7423: 7414: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7402: 7401: 7400: 7394: 7385: 7380: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7292: 7290: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7282: 7280:Wine chemistry 7277: 7272: 7271: 7270: 7260: 7259: 7258: 7248: 7246:Beer chemistry 7242: 7240: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7190: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7152: 7151: 7141: 7135: 7129: 7127: 7116: 7108: 7107: 7100: 7099: 7092: 7085: 7077: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7048: 7046: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7031: 7024: 7016: 7014: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7004: 6988: 6976: 6964: 6957: 6954:Acorus calamus 6949: 6947: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6898: 6896: 6895:Related drinks 6892: 6891: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6852:La Clandestine 6849: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6829: 6828: 6821: 6814: 6806: 6800: 6799: 6794:in the online 6789: 6783: 6770: 6764: 6752: 6739: 6718: 6717:External links 6715: 6714: 6713: 6687:(5): 365–377. 6676: 6641: 6623:(4): 738–744. 6612: 6595:978-0307587534 6594: 6575: 6554: 6519: 6514:978-0811816502 6513: 6493: 6467:(4): 519–526. 6456: 6415:(6): 112–117. 6398: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6351: 6326: 6301: 6283: 6274:Masters, Brian 6265: 6239: 6233:978-1933108216 6232: 6212: 6206:978-1594770692 6205: 6185: 6179:978-1469617619 6178: 6158: 6152:978-0226262178 6151: 6131: 6105: 6079: 6053: 6031: 6020:on 27 May 2009 5999: 5973: 5952: 5926: 5905: 5879: 5853: 5827: 5795: 5769: 5714: 5688: 5661: 5632: 5614: 5591: 5566: 5550: 5522: 5495: 5470: 5440: 5408: 5393: 5363: 5344:(5): 573–581. 5324: 5285: 5244: 5182: 5141: 5122: 5078: 5069: 5060: 5032: 5023: 5010: 4968: 4928: 4915:(4): 199–205. 4890: 4864: 4826: 4799:(3): 473–480. 4783: 4759: 4716: 4709: 4691: 4679:www.abc.net.au 4665: 4643: 4617: 4590: 4560: 4534: 4508: 4489:Verte, Peter. 4481: 4458: 4432: 4426:978-1862052963 4425: 4407: 4381: 4355: 4349:978-1452100302 4348: 4328: 4314:978-0470009550 4313: 4287: 4262: 4236: 4211: 4185: 4159: 4129: 4099: 4070: 4053: 4016: 3991: 3982: 3956: 3931: 3904: 3878: 3846: 3822: 3794: 3780:. Weird News. 3768: 3740: 3706: 3678: 3639: 3615: 3591: 3565: 3529: 3501: 3479: 3454: 3439: 3434:Class Magazine 3424: 3417: 3399: 3369: 3341: 3317:"Strong stuff" 3307: 3275: 3247: 3217: 3192: 3169:Verte, Peter. 3161: 3136: 3114: 3095: 3064: 3058:978-3832956097 3057: 3045:Nohlen, Dieter 3033: 3029:St. Clair 2016 3021: 3014: 2993: 2978: 2972:978-0811816502 2971: 2946: 2940:978-1682750018 2939: 2921: 2891: 2858: 2835:Verte, Peter. 2827: 2793: 2779:978-1473630819 2778: 2757: 2750: 2732: 2701: 2672: 2646: 2612: 2587: 2560: 2536: 2482: 2447: 2415: 2408: 2388: 2381: 2361: 2346: 2331: 2316: 2301: 2286: 2271:, ed. (1911). 2269:Chisholm, Hugh 2259: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2229: 2226: 2173:Arthur Rimbaud 2133:Main article: 2130: 2127: 2102: 2099: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2000: 1997: 1993:Val-de-Travers 1977: 1974: 1967:in Sweden and 1952: 1949: 1932: 1929: 1917:Fascist regime 1912: 1909: 1899: 1896: 1887: 1884: 1842: 1839: 1826: 1823: 1810: 1809:European Union 1807: 1803: 1802: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1747: 1719: 1716: 1706: 1703: 1653: 1650: 1637: 1634: 1604:essential oils 1597: 1589:hallucinations 1540: 1537: 1525:cupric acetate 1455:hallucinogenic 1439: 1438:Health effects 1436: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1383: 1382: 1375:La Clandestine 1358: 1355:Alicante anise 1348: 1337:botanical oils 1320: 1296: 1295: 1260: 1257: 1182:is called the 1141:Main article: 1138: 1135: 1119: 1116: 1098: 1095: 1091:bohemian-style 1074: 1071: 1034: 1031: 965: 962: 947: 944: 887: 884: 856: 849: 848: 847: 840: 833: 832: 831: 823: 816: 815: 814: 813: 812: 810: 807: 739:Bohemian-style 734:Hill's Absinth 717: 716:Modern revival 714: 613: 610: 585:Bourbon Street 559:the green hour 533: 530: 499: 496: 430:, which meant 359:Albert Maignan 351: 348: 344:Czech Republic 283:Arthur Rimbaud 128: 127: 125: 124: 119: 114: 108: 106: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 80: 74: 73: 70: 61: 60: 57: 51: 50: 47: 43: 42: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10470: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10435: 10433: 10418: 10415: 10414: 10411: 10399: 10396: 10395: 10393: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10349: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10339: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10308:Grand Marnier 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10295: 10293: 10289: 10286: 10285: 10283: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10240: 10238: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10205: 10203: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10168:Cream liqueur 10166: 10165: 10163: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10144: 10141: 10140: 10138: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10129: 10126: 10122: 10119: 10118: 10116: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10102: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10077: 10074: 10073: 10071: 10067: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10033: 10030: 10029: 10028: 10027: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10002: 10001: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9991: 9989: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9973: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9956: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9845: 9842: 9841: 9839: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9801: 9800: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9790: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9746: 9742: 9739: 9738: 9736: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9718: 9716: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9642: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9632: 9629: 9628: 9626: 9622: 9621:Scotch whisky 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9611:Irish whiskey 9609: 9608: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9599: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9502: 9501: 9498: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9479: 9476: 9475: 9473: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9434: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9424: 9421: 9420: 9418: 9414: 9411: 9410: 9408: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9399:Cashew apple 9398: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9358: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9311:Fermented tea 9309: 9308: 9306: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9282: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9244: 9243: 9241: 9237: 9234: 9233: 9231: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9182: 9179: 9178: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9167: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9129: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9115: 9113: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9093:Shaoxing wine 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8941: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8888: 8885: 8884: 8883:Prickly pear 8882: 8878: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8868: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8687: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8666: 8663: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8608: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8587: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8555: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8508: 8503: 8501: 8496: 8494: 8489: 8488: 8485: 8473: 8465: 8464: 8461: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8429:Mood disorder 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8405: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8359: 8353: 8350: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8329: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8311: 8308: 8304: 8303:Nitrous oxide 8301: 8300: 8299: 8296: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8278: 8277: 8274: 8270: 8267: 8266: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8253: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8236: 8234: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8214:Fermented tea 8212: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8137: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8110:Sober curious 8108: 8106: 8103: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8083: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7985: 7981: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7947: 7944: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7931: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7918: 7915: 7914: 7913: 7910: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7864: 7861: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7846: 7843: 7837: 7825: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7799:Ladies' night 7797: 7795: 7792: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7766: 7763: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7726: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7699:Rum Rebellion 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7655: 7649: 7646: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7631:Alcohol enema 7629: 7628: 7626: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7581:Flaming drink 7579: 7577: 7576:Dutch courage 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7561:Drunk walking 7559: 7557: 7556:Drunk dialing 7554: 7552: 7549: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7534:Drinking game 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7494: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7458: 7454: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7443:Alcohol abuse 7441: 7437: 7434: 7431: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7410:Social issues 7407: 7399: 7395: 7393: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7347:breast cancer 7345: 7344: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7318: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7287: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7275:Fusel alcohol 7273: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7237: 7231: 7228: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7183: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7144:Drunk driving 7142: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7120: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7098: 7093: 7091: 7086: 7084: 7079: 7078: 7075: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7057:George Rowley 7055: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6986: 6982: 6981: 6977: 6974: 6970: 6969: 6965: 6963: 6962: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6893: 6888: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6827: 6822: 6820: 6815: 6813: 6808: 6807: 6804: 6797: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6784: 6781: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6753: 6750: 6746: 6743: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6721: 6720: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6613: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6555: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6525: 6520: 6516: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6457: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6315: 6311: 6305: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6254: 6250: 6243: 6235: 6229: 6225: 6224: 6216: 6208: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6189: 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Med. Chem. 4894: 4878: 4874: 4868: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4852: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4787: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4763: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4712: 4706: 4702: 4695: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4647: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4606:. Novus Vinum 4605: 4601: 4594: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4496: 4492: 4485: 4469: 4462: 4447: 4443: 4436: 4428: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4370:on 6 May 2012 4369: 4365: 4359: 4351: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4310: 4306: 4301: 4300: 4291: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4174:on 9 May 2015 4173: 4169: 4163: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4075: 4066: 4065: 4057: 4038: 4034: 4027: 4024:Duplais, MM. 4020: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3995: 3986: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3863: 3856: 3850: 3839: 3832: 3826: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3798: 3783: 3779: 3772: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3744: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3695: 3694: 3689: 3682: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3650: 3643: 3636: 3625: 3619: 3612: 3601: 3595: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3533: 3518: 3511: 3505: 3491: 3490: 3483: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3450: 3443: 3435: 3428: 3420: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3387: 3383: 3382:Cellar Trends 3379: 3373: 3358: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3318: 3311: 3303: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3279: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3251: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3110: 3109: 3102: 3100: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3068: 3060: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3038: 3030: 3025: 3017: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2989: 2982: 2974: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2942: 2936: 2932: 2925: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2865: 2863: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2831: 2824: 2812: 2811: 2803: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2762: 2753: 2747: 2743: 2736: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2705: 2689: 2685: 2679: 2677: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2624: 2616: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2575: 2571: 2564: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2487: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2451: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2419: 2411: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2392: 2384: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2365: 2357: 2350: 2342: 2335: 2327: 2320: 2312: 2305: 2297: 2290: 2282: 2281: 2275: 2270: 2264: 2260: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2242:Liquor portal 2237: 2232: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2204:Marie Corelli 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2189:Pablo Picasso 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2149:Paul Verlaine 2146: 2142: 2141:Édouard Manet 2136: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2040:. The brands 2039: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2018:In 2007, the 2013: 2009: 2005: 1999:United States 1996: 1994: 1990: 1987:In 2014, the 1985: 1983: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1965:Systembolaget 1962: 1958: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1908: 1906: 1895: 1893: 1883: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1865:Édouard Manet 1859: 1855: 1851: 1850:Pablo Picasso 1847: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1762:: 6–8 mg 1761: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1744:New Brunswick 1741: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1729: 1725: 1715: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1677: 1673: 1672:Édouard Manet 1669: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1642:Scotch whisky 1633: 1632:of >0.4%. 1631: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617:reaction time 1614: 1613: 1607: 1605: 1600: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1548: 1543: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1510: 1509:antiparasitic 1506: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1448: 1444: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1424:feuille morte 1420: 1407: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1380: 1379:absinthe kits 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1293: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1198:French Method 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1155: 1150: 1144: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1115: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1079: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1039: 1030: 1028: 1027: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 990: 985: 981: 977: 973: 972: 961: 957: 954: 943: 939: 935: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 883: 879: 877: 873: 869: 859: 853: 843: 837: 826: 820: 806: 803: 796: 794: 790: 785: 770: 766: 764: 761:product to a 760: 755: 750: 746: 744: 740: 735: 731: 722: 713: 711: 710: 705: 701: 697: 693: 688: 686: 681: 678: 673: 670: 669: 663: 659: 658:Musée d'Orsay 654: 653: 647: 640: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 609: 607: 606:Frank Sinatra 603: 599: 595: 591: 586: 582: 577: 573: 553: 552:l'heure verte 543: 538: 529: 527: 523: 519: 513: 510: 505: 504:Ebers Papyrus 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 468: 458: 453: 447: 443: 439: 435: 434: 429: 425: 421: 417: 416: 411: 407: 404:. The use of 393: 382: 378: 373: 364: 360: 356: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 330:Switzerland, 327: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 300: 295: 290: 288: 284: 280: 279:Paul Verlaine 276: 272: 271:Lewis Carroll 268: 264: 260: 255: 251: 246: 244: 230: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 208: 203: 199: 192: 186: 176: 134: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 109: 107: 103: 100: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 79: 75: 71: 67: 62: 58: 52: 48: 44: 37: 32: 26: 22: 9993: 9656:Corn whiskey 9560:Himbeergeist 9413:Kirschwasser 9175: 8873:Pomegranate 8767:Marsala wine 8762:Madeira wine 8653:Simple syrup 8648:Fermentation 8638:Distillation 8389:Gin Act 1751 8379:Bratt System 8372: 8368: 8235:Measurement 8169:Breathalyzer 7939:Shoulder tap 7591: 7465:Beer goggles 7062:Jean Lanfray 7033: 7026: 7019: 6990: 6978: 6966: 6959: 6952: 6832: 6758: 6733: 6684: 6680: 6653: 6649: 6620: 6616: 6606:26 September 6604:. Retrieved 6600:the original 6584:. New York: 6580: 6565:(1): 73–78. 6562: 6558: 6546:. 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