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copy) of Eilert's great work, which the latter lost while drunk. George is then called away to his aunt's house, leaving the manuscript in Hedda's possession. When Eilert next sees Hedda and Thea, he tells them that he has deliberately destroyed the manuscript. Thea is horrified, and it is revealed that it was the joint work of Eilert and herself. Hedda says nothing to contradict Eilert or to reassure Thea. After Thea has left, Hedda encourages Eilert to commit suicide, giving him a pistol that had belonged to her father. She then burns the manuscript and tells George she has destroyed it to secure their future.
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vile" death contrasts with the "beautiful and free" one that Hedda had imagined for him. Worse, Brack knows the origins of the pistol. He tells Hedda that if he reveals what he knows, a scandal will likely arise around her. Hedda realizes that this places Brack in a position of power over her. Leaving the others, she goes into her smaller room and shoots herself in the head. The others in the room assume that Hedda is simply firing shots, and they follow the sound to investigate. The play ends with George, Brack, and Thea discovering her body.
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would acknowledge (at least, not publicly) to be desirable. One of the significant things that such a character implies is the premise that there is a secret, sometimes unconscious, world of aims and methods — one might almost say a secret system of values — that is often much more important than the rational one. It is regarded as a deep and emotional play, due to Ibsen's portrayal of an
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188:— Hedda's husband, an academic who is as interested in research and travel as he is enamoured with his wife, although blind to Hedda's manipulative ways. Despite George's presumed rivalry with Eilert over Hedda, he remains a congenial and compassionate host and even plans to return Eilert's manuscript after Eilert loses it in a drunken stupor.
194:— George's loving aunt who has raised him since early childhood. She is also called Aunt Julle in the play, and Aunt Ju-Ju by George. Desperately wants Hedda and her nephew to have a child. In an earlier draft, Ibsen named her Mariane Rising, clearly after his aunt (father's younger half-sister) and godmother Mariane
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entertaining or luxurious housekeeping that she had been expecting. Upon meeting Eilert, however, the couple discovers that he has no intention of competing for the professorship, but rather has spent the last few years working on what he considers to be his masterpiece, the "sequel" to his recently published work.
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The reappearance of George's academic rival, Eilert Løvborg, throws their lives into disarray. Eilert, a writer, is also a recovered alcoholic who has wasted his talent until now. Thanks to a relationship with Hedda's old schoolmate, Thea
Elvsted (who has left her husband for him), Eilert shows signs
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on 31 January 1891, with Clara Heese as Hedda, though Ibsen was said to be displeased with the declamatory style of her performance. Ibsen's work had an international following so that translations and productions in various countries appeared very soon after the publication in
Copenhagen and the
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When the news comes that Eilert did indeed kill himself, George and Thea are determined to try to reconstruct his book from Eilert's notes, which Thea has kept. Hedda is shocked to discover from Judge Brack that Eilert's death, in a brothel, was messy and probably accidental; this "ridiculous and
246:(now Oslo) from her honeymoon. Her husband is George Tesman, a young, aspiring, and reliable academic who continued his research during their honeymoon. It becomes clear in the course of the play that she never loved him, but married him because she thinks her years of youthful abandon are over.
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female protagonists of literature. By that, Krutch means that Hedda is neither logical nor insane in the old sense of being random and unaccountable. Her aims and her motives have a secret personal logic of their own. She gets what she wants, but what she wants is not anything that normal people
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Apparently jealous of Thea's influence over Eilert, Hedda hopes to come between them. Despite his drinking problem, she encourages Eilert to accompany George and his associate, Judge Brack, to a party. George returns home from the party and reveals that he found the complete manuscript (the only
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The critical success of his recently published work makes Eilert a threat to George, as Eilert is now a competitor for the university professorship George had been anticipating. George and Hedda are financially overstretched, and George tells Hedda that he will not be able to finance the regular
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is another example of this. Examples of the troubled 19th-century female might include oppressed, but "normal", willful characters; women in abusive or loveless relationships; and those with some type of organic brain disease. Ibsen is content to leave such explanations unsettled. Bernard Paris
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In April 2009, a modernized New
Zealand adaptation by The Wild Duck starring Clare Kerrison in the title role, opened at BATS Theatre in Wellington. It was lauded as "extraordinarily accessible without compromising Ibsen's genius at all."
216:— George's former colleague, who now competes with George to achieve publication and a teaching position. Eilert was once in love with Hedda. Destroyed his reputation in society by spending his money on depravity.
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is considered one of the great dramatic roles in theater. The year following its publication, the play received negative feedback and reviews. Hedda Gabler has been described as a female variation of Hamlet.
182:— The main character, newly married and bored with both her marriage and life, seeks to influence a human fate for the first time. She is the daughter of General Gabler. She wants luxury but has no funds.
628:. Vahid Rahbani was summoned to court for inquiry after an Iranian news agency blasted the classic drama in a review and described it as "vulgar" and "hedonistic" with symbols of "sexual slavery cult."
164:. On the subject of the title, Ibsen wrote: "My intention in giving it this name was to indicate that Hedda as a personality is to be regarded rather as her father's daughter than her husband's wife."
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dramatizes the experiences of the title character, Hedda, the daughter of a general, who is trapped in a marriage and a house that she does not want. Overall, the title character for
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of rehabilitation and has just published a bestseller in the same field as George's. When Hedda and Eilert talk privately together, it becomes apparent that they are former lovers.
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The play has been adapted for the screen several times, from the silent film era onwards, in several languages. The BBC screened a television production of the play in 1962, with
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in
Toronto, setting the first half of the play in the nineteenth century, and the second half during the present day. Early in 2006, the play gained critical success at the
1085:, which she mistakenly calls "Hedda Gabbler" and believes to have been written by Anton Chekhov. Bridget intends to call her version "The Leaves In His Hair" and set it in
325:, who directed it with Marion Lea, who played Thea. Robins also played Hedda in the first US production, which opened on 30 March 1898 at the Fifth Avenue Theatre,
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premiere in Munich. In
February 1891 there were productions in Berlin and Copenhagen. On 20 April 1891, the first British performance of the play occurred, at the
661:. The production, which received mixed reviews, was directed by Eduardo Vasco and presented a text that was adapted by the Spanish playwright Yolanda Pallín with
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who grew up (with Ibsen's father) on the stately farm Rising near Skien; while she was later renamed
Juliane Tesman, her character was modeled after Mariane Paus.
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interprets Gabler's actions as stemming from her "need for freedom as compensatory as her craving for power... her desire to shape a man's destiny."
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1914:
140:. Ibsen himself was in attendance, although he remained back-stage. The play has been canonized as a masterpiece within the genres of literary
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1975:
281:, whose first work on psychoanalysis was published almost a decade later. In Krutch's analysis, Gabler is one of the first fully developed
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Ibsen was interested in the then-embryonic science of mental illness and had a poor understanding of it by present-day standards. His
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In
February 2023, the play was performed at Mulae Arts Factory (문래예술공장) in Seoul, South Korea. Director was Song Sun-ho (송선호).
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210:— An unscrupulous family friend. It is implied that the Judge has a lascivious personality, which he directs towards Hedda.
2005:
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688:
947:, an episode features the main character putting on a stage production while in prison with inmates playing the roles.
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as Hedda Tesman, Timothy West as Judge Brack, Constance
Chapman as Juliana Tesman, and Jennie Linden as Mrs. Elvsted.
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329:. In February 1899 it was produced as part of The Moscow Art Theatre's first season with Maria F. Andreeva as Hedda.
204:— A younger schoolmate of Hedda and a former acquaintance of George. Nervous and shy, Thea is in an unhappy marriage.
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made his
National Theatre debut in London with a period-less production of Ibsen's masterpiece. This new version by
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In 2011, the performance of a production of the play as translated and directed by Vahid
Rahbani was stopped in
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1053:("When We Dead Rock"). As the title suggests, the song is also influenced by the British heavy metal band
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world tour of the play was directed and translated by Trevor Nunn, and starred Pam St Clement as Bertha,
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1036:(Cthulhu Records) and later included as a bonus track on the 2011 reissue of the Sol Invictus album
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with a modern family's search for love despite the invasion of technology into everyday life.
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1089:. Bridget claims to have studied the original play as an undergraduate at Bangor University.
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staged the third production of Hedda Gabler in the Society's history. Hedda was portrayed by
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in the two main leads. A version shown on Britain's commercial ITV network in 1980 featured
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148:, and world drama. Ibsen mainly wrote realistic plays until his forays into modern drama.
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968:'s Lewis Center for the Arts featured a male actor, Sean Peter Drohan, in the title role.
340:, and following its initial limited run was revived with the same actress the next year.
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Imagined Human Beings: A Psychological Approach to Character and Conflict in Literature
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A newlywed struggles with an existence she finds devoid of excitement and enchantment
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In 1975, a film version directed by Nunn and starring Jackson was released as
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was played at the Theatre in the Round, New Vic, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent.
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1012:, recorded a song "Hedda Gabler" in 1976, included originally on the 1977 EP
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features a song, "If Eilert Løvborg Wrote A Song, It Would Sound Like This".
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in London was well-received and later transferred for an 11½ week run at the
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by Helen Fielding, Bridget tries and fails to write a modernized version of
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1915:"Callum Turner Joins Tessa Thompson in Nia DaCosta's 'Hedda Gabler' Movie"
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released in 2004 relocated the story to a community of young academics in
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in the lead role. A revival opened in January 2009 on Broadway, starring
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to write, "Miss Worth is just possibly the best actress in the world."
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Henrik Ibsen og Skien: En biografisk og litteratur-psykologisk studie
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2019:
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recorded the song "Motörhedda Gabler" on their Ibsen-inspired album
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prepared an adaptation in 1972, and in 1991 the Canadian playwright
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Hedda, the daughter of a general, has just returned to her villa in
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951:
590:
1416:
Meyer, Michael Leverson, editor and introduction. Ibsen, Henrik.
1179:. Editor: Karlinsky, Simon. Northwestern University Press (1973)
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Anton Chekhov's Life and Thought: Selected Letters and Commentary
1127:
Meyer, Michael Leverson, editor and introduction. Ibsen, Henrik.
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and Marion Lea's efforts to stage the first London production of
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adapted the story to early 21st century Germany in his 2016 film
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816:) of the 2012 Old Vic production was the first broadcast in the
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as leading actress for her role in the British film adaptation
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222:— A servant of the Tesmans. Wants to please Hedda at all times.
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Saari, Sandra E. (1977). "Hedda Gabler: The Past Recaptured".
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In 2017, a ballet interpretation of the play premiered at the
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798:. A version was produced for Australian television in 1961.
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1767:(in Spanish). Noviembre Compañía de Teatro. Archived from
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Ibsen's Lively Art: A Performance Study of the Major Plays
490:, who gained much critical acclaim and won a Best Actress
132:. The world premiere was staged on 31 January 1891 at the
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1981:"Siouxsie - the Creatures with John Cale - Hedda Gabler"
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1387:, New York University Press: New York City, 1997, p. 59.
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An adaptation with a lesbian relationship was staged in
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An operatic adaptation of the play has been produced by
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Many prominent actresses have played the role of Hedda:
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Modernism in Modern Drama: A Definition and an Estimate
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tour. The song was covered by the British neofolk band
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in London staged a production of the play directed by
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1891 Play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen
554:. Thompson adapted the play a second time in 2005 at
1714:['Hedda Gabler' at Maria Guerrero Theater].
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Hedda's married name is Hedda Tesman; Gabler is her
1008:, Welsh musician and founder of American rock band
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1546:"Hedonistic Hedda Gabler Banned at Tehran Theatre"
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909:2005 Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Revival
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1275:. Australian Catholic University. Archived from
1273:"Lecture Notes: Pedda Gabler — Fiend or Heroine"
713:Since May 2019, the play has been staged in the
539:, for which Jackson was nominated for an Oscar.
526:as Eilert Lovborg, Peter Eyre as George Tesman,
108:Jørgen Tesman's villa, Kristiania, Norway; 1890s
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650:theatre received mixed reviews, especially for
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498:played Hedda at Stratford, Ontario, prompting
494:for her performance. Also in the early 1970s,
235:Title page of the author's 1890 manuscript of
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961:in 2009 by the Mauckingbird Theatre Company.
1627:"First Night: Hedda Gabler, Old Vic, London"
1318:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p.
1300:(p. 236), Oslo, Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1949
1020:). He performed the song live in 1998, with
886:2006 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival
128:) is a play written by Norwegian playwright
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914:Alternative productions, tribute and parody
734:The play is part of the 2024 season of the
37:as Hedda Gabler (Sigismund Ivanowski, 1907)
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1683:Morales Fernández, Clara (23 April 2015).
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1016:(now a bonus track on the CD of the album
646:adaptation of the play staged at London's
265:
27:
1809:"Hedda Gabler - National Theatre, Warsaw"
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1486:"Ingmar Bergman, Hedda Gabler, June 1970"
868:
835:, David R. Butler, and Samantha E. Hunt.
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1730:
1396:Marker, Frederick J. Marker, Lise-Lone.
954:'s Hangzhou XiaoBaiHua Yue Opera House.
657:The play was staged in 2015 at Madrid's
230:
2562:Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival
1590:
1270:
1203:. University of Minnesota Press (1979)
1155:. Northwestern University Press (2007)
2812:
1852:"The Age - Google News Archive Search"
1712:"'Hedda Gabler', en el María Guerrero"
1657:Hitchings, Henry (13 September 2012).
1623:
1591:Spencer, Charles (13 September 2012).
1309:
1153:About Chekhov: The Unfinished Symphony
988:Tristram Shandy: A Cock and Bull Story
2534:
2401:
2115:
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1400:. Cambridge University Press (1989).
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1221:Billington, Michael (17 March 2005).
123:
2840:Laurence Olivier Award-winning plays
1123:
1121:
926:presents a fictionalized account of
689:Norwegian National Opera and Ballet
605:. The play was staged at Chicago's
13:
2035:Hedda Gabler – Dramo en kvar aktoj
1917:. Hollywood Reporter. 9 June 2023.
1741:[Review of Hedda Gabler].
1624:Taylor, Paul (13 September 2012).
1420:W. W. Norton & Company (1997)
1131:W. W. Norton & Company (1997)
14:
2856:
1998:
1791:"Hedda Gabler - National Theatre"
1765:"Noviembre Teatro - Hedda Gabler"
1484:Ellis, Samantha (30 April 2003).
1248:Hedda Gabler: A Play in Four Acts
1201:Ibsen's Drama: Author to Audience
1118:
998:by Scottish folk indie-rock band
985:A prostitute in the feature film
566:, directed by Matthew Lloyd with
2141:
2056:
1718:(in Spanish). estrelladigital.es
1710:Fernández, Lorena (9 May 2015).
1079:Bridget Jones: Mad About The Boy
861:is currently in production with
1964:
1943:
1921:
1907:
1889:
1862:
1844:
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1801:
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1638:from the original on 2022-05-09
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1605:from the original on 2022-01-12
1594:"Hedda Gabler, Old Vic, review"
1584:
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1418:The Wild Duck and Hedda Gabler.
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1223:"Hedda Gabler, Almeida, London"
1129:The Wild Duck and Hedda Gabler.
214:Eilert Lövborg (Ejlert Løvborg)
2090:Internet Off-Broadway Database
1443:The Internet Broadway Database
1303:
1290:
1264:
1239:
1214:
996:Until the Earth Begins to Part
492:Evening Standard Theatre Award
303:
1:
2714:Long Day's Journey into Night
2168:Norma, or A Politician's Love
1951:"Henrik Ibsen's HEDDA GABLER"
1929:"A Lesbian Interpretation of
1112:
1045:The Norwegian hard-rock band
582:, to mixed critical reviews.
550:presented her version at the
167:
1897:"' Trance with Nia DaCosta'"
1827:"Title Search: Hedda Gabler"
1687:[Advocating Hedda].
1310:Krutch, Joseph Wood (1953).
899:: Tony Award Nomination for
700:Richmond Shakespeare Society
668:Tony Award-winning director
637:National Theatre in Belgrade
635:production premiered at the
556:Buddies in Bad Times Theatre
314:Königliches Residenz-Theater
65:Königliches Residenz-Theater
7:
2066:public domain audiobook at
1831:The Internet Movie Database
1439:"Hedda Gabler: Play, Drama"
1092:
827:In 2014, Matthew John also
574:as the title character and
332:A 1902 production starring
273:makes a connection between
10:
2861:
2095:Frank W. Chandler (1920).
2079:Internet Broadway Database
2074:Hedda Gabler
1795:www.nationaltheatre.org.uk
762:, while the Corporation's
717:, with Hedda portrayed by
308:The play was performed in
146:nineteenth century theatre
125:[ˈhɛ̂dːɑˈɡɑ̀ːblər]
2619:
2568:
2512:
2493:
2442:
2385:The Death of Little Ibsen
2374:International Ibsen Award
2322:
2297:
2149:
1739:"Crítica de Hedda Gabler"
1032:for the 1995 compilation
824:Radio 4 on 9 March 2013.
585:In 2005, a production by
580:American Airlines Theatre
578:as Jørgen Tesman, at the
520:Royal Shakespeare Company
336:was a major sensation on
104:
96:
88:
78:
60:
52:
42:
26:
21:
2789:A Streetcar Named Desire
2738:Ma Rainey's Black Bottom
2642:Mourning Becomes Electra
2342:Centre for Ibsen Studies
2194:The Vikings at Helgeland
1573:. Narodnopozoriste.co.rs
991:is named Hedda Gobbler.
920:The Summer in Gossensass
859:American film adaptation
715:National Theatre, Warsaw
560:West Yorkshire Playhouse
192:Juliana (Juliane) Tesman
121:Norwegian pronunciation:
1663:London Evening Standard
1659:"Hedda Gabler, Old Vic"
1271:Sanders, Tracy (2006).
1199:Haugen, Einer Ingvald.
691:under the direction of
665:playing the lead role.
663:Cayetana Guillén Cuervo
266:Critical interpretation
226:
2730:A View from the Bridge
2249:An Enemy of the People
2234:The Pillars of Society
2104:Encyclopedia Americana
1464:The Moscow Art Theatre
1250:. The Floating Press.
1246:Ibsen, Henrik (2009).
1010:The Velvet Underground
901:Best Actress in a Play
881:Laurence Olivier Award
869:Awards and nominations
831:Hedda Gabler starring
742:Mass media adaptations
680:in the title role and
480:Royal National Theatre
361:Johanne Louise Schmidt
345:Vera Komissarzhevskaya
239:
186:George (Jørgen) Tesman
2830:Plays by Henrik Ibsen
2690:Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
2369:Norwegian Ibsen Award
2264:The Lady from the Sea
1938:Philadelphia Inquirer
1355:10.1353/mdr.1977.0041
803:American film version
784:was nominated for an
511:On 26 February 1972,
365:Mrs. Patrick Campbell
234:
2284:John Gabriel Borkman
2229:Emperor and Galilean
2184:The Feast at Solhaug
2179:Lady Inger of Ostrat
2098:"Hedda Gabler"
1571:"Serbian production"
1524:, theatreview.org.nz
1087:Queen's Park, London
1068:Elizabeth Meriwether
978:into his 2002 play,
966:Princeton University
719:Wiktoria Gorodeckaja
631:In February 2011, a
334:Minnie Maddern Fiske
2289:When We Dead Awaken
2224:The League of Youth
1771:on 20 November 2015
1466:. Routledge (2003)
1051:Naar Vi Døde Rocker
980:The Wind Cries Mary
794:(1975) directed by
780:in the title role.
706:and Judge Brack by
607:Steppenwolf Theater
564:Liverpool Playhouse
542:British playwright
321:, London, starring
2835:Off-Broadway plays
2776:No Ceremony (2021)
2770:Cyrano de Bergerac
2593:An Inspector Calls
2356:Ibsen Museum, Oslo
2330:Ibsen quotes, Oslo
2274:The Master Builder
1077:In the 2013 novel
1060:The original play
974:'loosely' adapted
972:Philip Kan Gotanda
924:María Irene Fornés
812:An adaptation (by
736:Stratford Festival
654:in the lead role.
572:Mary-Louise Parker
461:Mary-Louise Parker
457:Emmanuelle Seigner
319:Vaudeville Theatre
271:Joseph Wood Krutch
240:
2807:
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2754:Angels in America
2528:
2527:
2395:
2394:
2199:The Mountain Bird
2040:Project Gutenberg
2025:Project Gutenberg
1737:Vicente, Álvaro.
1685:"Redimir a Hedda"
1367:Project MUSE
1257:978-1-77541-642-5
1175:Checkhov, Anton.
768:in 1972 featured
765:Play of the Month
698:In January 2019,
609:starring actress
562:in Leeds and the
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2762:Summer and Smoke
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928:Elizabeth Robins
883:for Best Revival
865:set to direct.
840:Andreas Kleinert
838:German director
756:Ralph Richardson
752:Michael Redgrave
727:
603:St Martin's Lane
576:Michael Cerveris
405:Isabelle Huppert
389:Fenella Fielding
373:Elizabeth Robins
369:Eva Le Gallienne
323:Elizabeth Robins
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944:Bojack Horseman
941:animated show,
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871:
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693:Marit Moum Aune
611:Martha Plimpton
595:Almeida Theatre
568:Gillian Kearney
548:Judith Thompson
524:Patrick Stewart
421:Geraldine James
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134:Residenztheater
120:
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61:Place premiered
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1870:"Hedda Gabler"
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1000:Broken Records
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818:United Kingdom
782:Glenda Jackson
748:Ingrid Bergman
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674:Patrick Marber
659:María Guerrero
652:Sheridan Smith
599:Duke of York's
528:Glenda Jackson
501:New York Times
484:Ingmar Bergman
473:Cate Blanchett
465:Harriet Walter
449:Amanda Donohoe
445:Annette Bening
429:Kelly McGillis
385:Peggy Ashcroft
381:Ingrid Bergman
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2049:Novelguide:
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2020:Hedda Gabler
2018:
2006:Hedda Gabler
2004:
1985:. Retrieved
1972:Ghostarchive
1970:Archived at
1966:
1955:. Retrieved
1945:
1936:
1931:Hedda Gabler
1930:
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1835:. Retrieved
1830:
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1773:. Retrieved
1769:the original
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1745:(in Spanish)
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1720:. Retrieved
1715:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1691:(in Spanish)
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1666:. Retrieved
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1631:
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1607:. Retrieved
1598:
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1575:. Retrieved
1565:
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1548:, Yahoo News
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2634:Uncle Vanya
2520:filmography
2494:Adaptations
2387:(2006 play)
2313:Terje Vigen
2259:Rosmersholm
1881:24 February
1668:10 November
1642:10 November
1609:10 November
1560:, tabnak.ir
1428:. page 139.
1107:filmography
1039:In the Rain
905:Kate Burton
891:Nominations
863:Nia DaCosta
846:, starring
814:Brian Friel
796:Trevor Nunn
722: [
678:Ruth Wilson
648:The Old Vic
644:Brian Friel
589:, starring
506:Walter Kerr
496:Irene Worth
486:, starring
417:Kate Burton
304:Productions
208:Judge Brack
162:maiden name
2820:1890 plays
2814:Categories
2674:Saint Joan
2379:Ibsen Year
1957:2016-06-24
1837:2008-09-18
1775:5 November
1749:5 November
1722:5 November
1695:5 November
1577:2016-06-24
1495:2020-05-12
1449:2008-10-08
1283:2008-10-05
1232:2008-10-05
1211:. page 142
1113:References
1026:Paris 1919
807:Washington
778:Diana Rigg
708:Nigel Cole
684:as Brack.
682:Rafe Spall
453:Judy Davis
441:Jane Fonda
433:Fiona Shaw
413:June Brown
401:Diana Rigg
244:Kristiania
168:Characters
43:Written by
33:Poster of
2569:1991–2000
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2362:Peer Gynt
2219:Peer Gynt
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1328:255757831
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1187:page 385
1093:See also
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591:Eve Best
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142:realism
105:Setting
100:Tragedy
89:Subject
73:Germany
2800:(2024)
2792:(2023)
2784:(2022)
2773:(2020)
2765:(2019)
2757:(2018)
2749:(2017)
2741:(2016)
2733:(2015)
2725:(2014)
2722:Ghosts
2717:(2013)
2709:(2012)
2701:(2011)
2693:(2010)
2685:(2009)
2677:(2008)
2669:(2007)
2661:(2006)
2653:(2005)
2650:Hamlet
2645:(2004)
2637:(2003)
2612:(1995)
2604:(1994)
2596:(1993)
2588:(1992)
2580:(1991)
2505:(2006)
2486:(2016)
2478:(1975)
2470:(1961)
2462:(1925)
2454:(1920)
2437:(1891)
2298:Poetry
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2150:Dramas
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