404:. The two engines were inclined inwards by 30° when mounted onto either side of their common, vertical-plane space-frame primary engine mount so that the inner cylinder banks were disposed almost vertically. A common gear-housing connected the front ends of the two crankcases, with the two crankshaft pinions driving a single airscrew shaft gear. The outer sides of each of the component engines' crankcases were connected to the nacelle firewall through forged mountings similar to what would be used for either a single DB 601 or DB 605 engine-powered aircraft installation. When combined with the central space-frame mount designed especially for the "power system" format, this resulted in a Daimler-Benz "coupled" twin-crankcase "power system" having a trio of engine mount structures within its nacelle accommodation. The starboard DB 601 component engine had to be fitted with a mirror-image version of its mechanically driven centrifugal supercharger, drawing air from the starboard side of the engine. Two of the DB 606s, each of which initially developed 2,600 PS (2,564 hp, 1,912 kW) for take-off and weighing some 1,515 kg (3,340 lb) apiece, were to power the He 177. The DB 606 â and its eventual replacement, the
689:. After several extremely complex arrangements had been considered during initial design, a novel system was adopted. Instead of a wheel leg under each engine nacelle, two-wheel legs were attached to the main spar at each nacelle, the outboard legs retracting upward and outward into shallow wing wells and the inboard legs swinging upward and inward into similar wells in the wing roots, with all units enclosed by flush fitting wheel and strut doors, which almost met under each engine nacelle when fully extended. During the retraction cycle, the forward-oriented lever-action lower gear strut sections (onto which the wheels were mounted on their axles), pivoted backwards to a 90° angle from 120° when fully extended. This was in order to position the wheels to fit into the wheel wells during the sideways folding action. A conventional rearwards-retracting single-leg twin wheel arrangement for each main gear, a design heavily influenced by the He 219's similar main gear components, was used on the two prototypes built (one during the war, one post-war) of the
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main production type DB 606 A/B engines instead of the pre-production units, which offered a slight increase in take-off power by 100 PS to 2700 PS (2,663 hp, 1,986 kW). The He 177 V7 featured a revised nose section which, while generally following the contours of the nose sections employed by the previous prototypes, was considerably reinforced and embodied fewer glazed panels. In
September 1941, the He 177 V8, the last of the prototypes which had a different, "bullet-like" cockpit shaping and construction from the production He 177A series aircraft, was made available for engine tests. However, owing to the urgency of other development work it was returned to Heinkel after only 40 days, and it was not possible to resume engine tests in the air until February 1942. The He 177 V1 to V8 and the A-0 pre-production models are notable for having a broad-bladed set of four-bladed propellers, with blade shapes and profiles similar to those used on the Junkers Ju 88. These were not used on the production He 177A series aircraft.
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target in a shallow dive, both engines throttled back, the pilot putting his aircraft into a gliding descent to take it across the bomb release-point at about 4,500 m (14,760 ft). After releasing the bombs the pilot re-opened the throttles, but continued the descent at approximately 200 m (656 ft) per minute. The bombers typically re-entered German airspace at an altitude of 750 m (2,460 ft), and headed back to base. By such means, the He 177s were able to keep up speeds of about 600 to 700 km/h (370 to 430 mph) during their withdrawal phase. The higher speed and constant change of altitude made interceptions difficult, increasing the survivability of the aircraft, but decreased bombing accuracy and concentration. With an average loss rate of 60% for bomber aircraft types used in
Operation Steinbock, the He 177's loss rate below 10% made it the most survivable bomber in the campaign.
1065:, reducing its lubricating qualities. Insufficient lubrication caused disintegration of the connecting rod bearings, which sometimes resulted in conrods bursting through either one of the component engine crankcases and puncturing oil tanks. The oil would then spill on to the often-overheated central exhaust pipe collector. The tightly packed nature of the "power system" engine installations on the He 177A, with the extreme rearwards location of the component engines in their nacelles, also led to poor maintenance access as well as very poor ventilation. As a result of these factors, in addition to a lack of routine maintenance in the field, the DB 606 powerplants frequently caught fire in flight. The mechanical coupling of two engines proved to be difficult to perfect and led to numerous engine complications with the service test He 177A-0 and initial production A-1 models.
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451:
537:
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782:
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severe control flutter and broke up in the air. Following this incident, the tail surfaces of the V3, V4, and V5 prototypes were modified in a similar fashion to those of the He 177 V1. The He 177 V3 was allocated the task of power plant development. The V1 through V3 prototype airframes were all equipped with two counterclockwise rotating DB 606 A powerplants, while the V4 prototype, and all later aircraft throughout the production run of the A-series, used a DB 606 A or DB 610 A engine on the starboard wing, and one clockwise rotating B-version of the same powerplant on the port wing, so that the propellers rotated "away" from each other at the tops of the propeller arcs. The He 177 V4 was retained at
Heinkel's test field at
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1030:
491:
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581:
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serial 355 001), without the chin turret. It was never fitted on any of the He 177B prototypes, which all used the standard "Cabin 3" He 177A's well-framed nose. No photographs of this new nose design are known to have survived the war and only drawings of it exist in modern archives, with the V15 airframe itself wrecked in a crash on 24 June 1944. The remaining defensive armament for the B-series design generally remained similar to the He 177A, particularly the twin dorsal gun turrets for the He 177B-5, with the aft manned dorsal turret being deleted on the planned He 177B-7 (as on the He 177A-7) to reduce weight, and a fully powered, manned
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several improvements, including the relocation of the engine oil tank, a changed oil flow pipe, an improved oil cooler, the lengthening of the engine mountings by 20 cm (8 in), the complete redesign of the exhaust system, which also facilitated the installation of exhaust flame dampers for night missions, and the setting of a power limitation on the engines which resulted in greater reliability. These major and minor modifications, supposedly numbering 56, were successful in eliminating engine fires, but other minor problems remained, involving the transfer
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position, with the best possible view and with less risk of being blinded by the flash from his own guns. Although work on remotely controlled aircraft defensive systems had reached a relatively advanced stage in
Germany in the late 1930s, progress in this field within Germany's aviation and armaments systems engineers and manufacturers was to prove insufficient to keep pace with the He 177. As a result, the He 177 had to be modified to accommodate larger and heavier manned positions, such as the manned rear dorsal turret usually fitted to almost all examples of the
42:
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stabilizers' tips, directly inline with the inner engine nacelles, to simulate "engine-out" conditions. Each of the pivoted "drag rudders" were to have their area divided equally above and below the plane of the stabilizer. Because flight testing had revealed that the single-tailed V101 exhibited an increasingly serious stability problem with higher airspeeds, the subsequent prototype, the V102, was both the first He 177B example to fly, on 20 December 1943, with the quartet of DB 603 engines, in combination with a brand-new
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immense
Heinkel bomber as if it were made of glass. The stalling characteristics with flaps and undercarriage lowered, the aircraft buffeted violently at 140 km/h (87 mph) before the nose dropped at 135 km/h (84 mph). The buffet experienced was so violent that I had some concerns over structural damage. Somehow the He 177 always conveyed an impression of fragility despite its size." He added that it was "one of the very few German aircraft of the period that I tested that I did not enjoy flying".
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running it in pipes along the outer skin of the fuselage and wings. Before the design of the He 177 was finalized, it was clear that such a system would be incapable of dealing with the vast amount of heat generated by each of the twinned DB 601-based powerplants, forcing the abandonment of the idea of using evaporative cooling systems, in favour of conventional annular radiators fitted directly behind each propeller. These resembled, but were larger in capacity, than those fitted to the
1563:(Göring's top aviation technology expert), each had a chance to fly the now four-engined V102 prototype after the B-series set of wings had been fitted. Knemeyer stated that he could not believe a four-engined heavy bomber could possess the "excellent handling qualities" that the V102 displayed. The only verifiable wartime photograph of any of these He 177B prototypes in an intact condition is one of the V101, parked outdoors on a foggy German airfield, most likely the
1724:, one suffered a burst tyre, and eight returned with overheating or burning engines. Of the four that reached London, one was lost to night fighters. These aircraft were brand new, delivered a week before the operation and not fully flown in, because the air unit had moved to a new airfield the day before and lacked sufficient maintenance personnel and material. Constant attacks against Luftwaffe long-range combat units in France made continuous operations difficult.
664:'s rescinding of the dive-attack requirement on 15 September 1942, the barred-gate type dive brakes on the wing's lower surfaces, placed just forward of each of the outboard ends of the Fowler flap panels, were omitted from all He 177A built after the initial A-0 pre-production batch. A photo of one of the 12 "destroyer" He 177A-1/U2, heavy-cannon-armed test airframes, showed the retracted dive brake panel still fitted on the undersurface of the outer starboard wing.
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in the bottom of the engine cowling to catch fire. When the pilot throttled back there was a tendency for the mechanical fuel injection pump on each component DB 601 engine to "lag" in its response, delivering more fuel than was required by the engine. In addition, the fuel injection pump connections often leaked. To reduce the aircraft's weight, no firewall had been provided, and the aft end of each DB 606 was fitted so close to the main
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cumbersome four-strut main landing gear of the A-series was retained for the B-series prototypes, even though the height, meant to allow clearance for the A-series' pair of large four-blade propellers, was not changed â the outer edge of the DB 603's inner engine nacelle/wing surface juncture was located right at the "centreline" of each of the twin pairs of A-series main gear strut locations, on all four of the B-series prototypes.
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full tonne, making the BL 131V concept unacceptable, and prompting the idea of using a chin-turret mount version of the FDL 151Z twin-cannon remote turret instead for the B-series, four-DB 603 engined He 177Bs, close to what had been pioneered with the GI+BP airframe early in 1943. Even with its unsuitability for the He 177A, the BL 131V quadmount nose turret was prototyped for armament tests at the
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567:"The examination has shown that the strength of the He 177's wings is one-third below that estimated by Heinkel. The reason for this is the uneven rigidity of the individual members with consequent deformation under load. This condition was not recognized by Heinkel at the proper time, the failure tests having been undertaken too late in view of the size of the structure."
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836:), the only major subcontractor for the He 177A's airframes. Often, the two lower rows of the "fishbowls" windows in the nose glazing were made opaque, with the exception of the bombardier's protruding bombsight window offset to starboard in the lower nose glazing, either by painting them over or replacing them with metal panels that performed the same function.
309:(RLM/German Aviation Ministry) finally released a new specification for what they called Bomber A on 3 June 1936. This called for a significantly more advanced design with higher speeds, longer range and larger payloads. This was also the same day that Wever was killed in an air crash, and the design lost its only politically powerful champion.
644:(OKL/Luftwaffe High Command) stipulated that the new design should possess sufficient structural strength to enable it to undertake medium-degree diving attacks. While viewing the aircraft at the Heinkel plant that day, Udet mentioned the new requirement to Heinkel. Heinkel replied that the aircraft would never be capable of it.
559:. Each aileron comprised upper and lower portions, the latter arranged to slide rearwards with flap extension, while the upper part retained its function of providing lateral control for take-off and landing. The original wing design did not fully take into account the stresses resulting from the operation of the Fowler flaps. A
1099:; "commander of test facilities") about the He 177A's powerplant troubles, particularly containing remarks about the problems caused by the compromised design of the DB 606 powerplants' accommodation in the He 177A's engine nacelles, and resultant poor maintenance access. On August 13, Göring responded:
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HL 131V hydraulic-drive, quadruple-MG 131 armed "quadmount" tail turret. Similar bombload and range to He 177A-6/R1. Only one test airframe converted from an He 177A-3 to test the new cockpit/nose, as the He 177 V15, of which no photos are known to survive, and which itself was wrecked in a mishap in
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Replacement of the forward and central bomb bays with full-fuselage-depth fuel tanks (as on the A-5/R6 modification) and the addition of external bomb rack under the new fuel tank bays, capable of carrying a single 2,500 kg (5,511 lb) bomb or Fritz X/Hs 293 in addition to the rear bomb-bay payload of
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at
Stalingrad, where they were found to be unsuited for the transport role, carrying little more cargo than the smaller and more reliable Heinkel He 111, and proving useless for the evacuation of wounded. As a result, the He 177s reverted to bombing and flak-suppression missions near Stalingrad. Only
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Beset by technical difficulties in development, the He 177 had a troubled history in service. Unduly demanding design requirements of long-range, high speed, heavy bomb load, and the formerly required dive bombing capability compounded the problems. Although the He 177 entered service in 1942, it was
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production facility. An additional prototype, the V104, whose purpose was to be the "finalized" pre-production prototype for the He 177B-5, and also meant to be a twin-tailed prototype like the earlier V102, was being completed thereby order from the RLM, converted from an early production He 177A-5.
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would. Two sets of four almost square windows, themselves arranged in a square of four windows each on each side of the upper cockpit, just behind the "fishbowl's" rear edge, provided sideways vision from the cockpit for the pilot and crew. Photographic evidence shows these side windows were produced
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Photographs of the first eight prototypes show a largely circular fuselage cross-section, especially forward of the wing root, with the A-0 series possessing flatter sides, dorsal and ventral surfaces of the main A-series production aircraft. The choice of what was called the "Cabin 3" cockpit design
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Following
Francke's initial flight, the He 177 V1 received several modifications suggested by the initial trials, including a 20% increase in the tail surface area. These changes were not applied to the He 177 V2 when another test pilot undertook the first diving trials, during which the V2 developed
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Tests on the 40th production A-1 aircraft in
September 1942, revealed serious outer wing panel component damage after only some 20 flights, due to the aerodynamic stress from diving attack exercises. Costly and extensive strengthening was needed to solve the problem, which significantly increased the
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The specification required the plane to carry a bomb-load of at least 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) over a range of 5,000 km (3,100 mi), with a maximum speed of not less than 500 km/h (311 mph) at altitude. In addition to outperforming, by a considerable margin, any bomber then in
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in late
December 1942. Ernst Udet was also critical before the war of the coupled DB 606 powerplant choice for the He 177, with Göring voicing his own frustrations with the seemingly interminable engine problems delaying the introduction of the He 177A into service. Göring was reported as stating in
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s airframe. The first concerns over the coupled-engine vs. four separate engine issue for the He 177 emerged in mid-November 1938, as Ernst
Heinkel had requested that two of the under-construction airframes for the eight He 177 prototypes to be fitted out with four individual engines in place of the
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undernose gondola. However, engineering studies of the quadmount chin turret project revealed that its fitment, proposed for a number of the later He 177A variants and the He 177 V104 prototype airframe, would lower airspeed by about 30 km/h (19 mph) and reduce the deployable bombload by a
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division of Rheinmetall-Borsig (the manufacturer of the guns themselves) and was a design with promise, using hydraulic drive to both elevate the turret's side-mount gunmount elevation units through a +/- 60Âș vertical arc either side of level, with a capability for horizontal traverse (of the entire
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The tendency of the twin-crankcase, 1.5 metric tons (1.7 short tons)-apiece DB 606 "power system" engines to catch fire became increasingly serious as the test programme progressed, and many of the He 177A-0 series of pre-production prototypes were destroyed in accidents or engine related incidents.
777:
The He 177 V5 incorporated a number of changes which were principally concerned with defensive armament installations. Early in 1941, during a simulated low-level attack, both DB 606 engines burst into flames, and the V5 hit the ground and exploded. The He 177 V6 was the first aircraft equipped with
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On 9 November 1939, the first prototype, the He 177 V1, was flown for the first time with Dipl. Ing. Leutnant Carl Francke, then chief of the Rechlin central flight test center, at the controls. The flight terminated abruptly after only 12 minutes due to overheating engines. Francke was pleased with
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In spite of Heinkel's concerns, the design was modified for glide bombing, which required it to be strengthened to allow it to safely pull out of dives. Then the requirement was again modified, this time calling for a maximum dive angle of 60°, which necessitated further structural strengthening and
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A compact tail gun position was fitted for rearward defense, armed with one MG 131 machine gun but its streamlined glazing meant that the gunner lay prone, severely restricting his comfort on long missions. A revised tail gun position with a bulged upper glazing was fitted to the He 177A-3 and later
1719:
As the war progressed, He 177 operations became increasingly ineffective. Fuel and personnel shortages presented difficulties, and He 177s were sitting on airfields all over Europe awaiting new engines or engine-related modifications. Of the 14 He 177A-3s (the primary subtype in use) that were sent
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axes, resulting in extremely poor bombing accuracy when using the Lotfe 7 bombsight. The main reason for this was the drifting motion of the aircraft in flight due to its relatively short, round fuselage. Shortly after these tests, the third production A-1 example (factory serial number 15153, with
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daylight bombers over Germany. The bomb bays and fuselage-housed auxiliary fuel tanks were removed on these aircraft in order to provide space for the spin-stabilized 21 cm (8Œ in) rockets and their launch tubes. The tubes were inclined to fire upward at an angle of 60° to the horizontal,
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being placed behind the wing's leading edge â that there was insufficient space for the fuel/oil fluid lines and electrical harnesses. The engines' exterior surfaces within the cowlings were frequently saturated with fuel and oil from leaking connections. At high altitude the oil tended to foam due
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engine nacelles. One was the common "central" exhaust manifold, serving a total of 12 cylinders, on the two inner cylinder banks of the twinned DB 601 component engines making up a DB 606. This central exhaust system routinely became excessively hot, causing the usual accumulation of oil and grease
802:
almost all German bomber aircraft had in World War II, and indeed had on all eight of the prototypes with the earlier "bullet" nose design. The forward glazing of the He 177A's "stepless" cockpit had each set of its characteristic framing members, of four supporting frame members per set running in
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Eight prototypes were completed, followed by 35 pre-production He 177A-0s (built by Arado and Heinkel) and 130 Arado-built He 177A-1s. The early aircraft in this batch were used for further trials, and after a brief and unhappy operational debut the remainder were withdrawn from service. From late
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plant's airfield at Schwechat near Vienna, and the V102 also at Schwechat as late as February 1945. It had sustained damage from a bad landing in April 1944 while evading one of the initial USAAF 15th Air Force raids on the area, which had kept it from being flown north to the Luftwaffe's Rechlin
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of NN + QQ), the V102 being converted from the eighth He 177A-0 production prototype aircraft (which required the He 177A-3 specification aft fuselage lengthening), and the V103 being converted from an existing, early production He 177A-5 airframe, with all three airframes initially retaining the
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Due to the continuing problems with the DB 606's configuration and engine accommodation design, much development work was done in order to rectify engine complications. This included a complete redesign of the original He 177, primarily through newer wing designs and layouts to improve the engine
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cannon fitment) and to port of the target, maintaining a difference of altitude of 2,000 m (6,560 ft) beneath the targets at the time of the attack. A few trial daylight operations were flown but no contact was made with Allied bomber formations, and as the escort fighters were becoming
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Starting with the He 177A-3/R2, the engines and nacelles were redesigned to eliminate the tendency for engine fires. The new "power system" was the Daimler-Benz DB 610, which consisted of two Daimler-Benz DB 605s coupled into a single unit like the DB 606. With the introduction of the DB 610 came
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entry version of the proposed He 277 by February 1943, which was also depicted with single main gear struts with twin wheels. For the He 177A's own landing gear maintenance needs, some two hours were required just to change a main gear tire, using special Heinkel-designed 12 metric tons (13 short
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While Steinbock was unsuccessful, the He 177 did achieve some successes. During Steinbock crews typically carried two 1,800 kg (3,970 lb) and two 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bombs. Climbing to 7,000 m (22,965 ft) while still over German territory, the He 177s approached the
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code of NE+OD, does not match any item of the surviving documentation for the four known 177B-series prototypes ordered, built or flown before the end of the war, and possessing one of the upgraded, upright-seating A-5 subtype's tail gunner's emplacements, as well as the usual twin dorsal turret
1471:
Nearly four years after Heinkel had unsuccessfully requested that the V3 & V4 be built with four individual powerplants, the RLM's requirement that the He 177 perform diving attacks was finally rescinded by Göring himself in September 1942, and with that, Heinkel's design work on the A-8 and
1414:
light and I was all too aware of the intelligence reports of He 177s breaking up in the air so I decided to treat this control very gently...The aircraft had an automatic pull-out device and an acceleration warning apparatus fitted, but it really was nailbiting to have to treat a giant like this
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high-speed fighter prototypes. The coolant water is pressurized, raising its boiling point, in this case to about 110 °C (230 °F). As the superheated water leaves the engine it enters an expansion area where the pressure drops and the water flashes to steam. The steam is then cooled by
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High-altitude bomber with an extended wing spanning 36 m (118 ft 1â
in) and powered solely with DB 610 A/B engines instead of the intended 3,800 PS (3,748 hp, 2,795 kW) DB 613 "power systems", which never emerged from testing and used pairs of twinned DB 603 engines for each "power system". Six
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flew in three large attack wedges of about thirty aircraft, each loaded with four 250 kg (551 lb) or two 500 kg (1,102 lb) bombs. During this action, carried out in daylight at altitudes in excess of 6,000 m (19,690 ft), losses were relatively light. The Soviet Air
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B turbojet-powered reconnaissance-bomber, and was not able to handle the anticipated demand from Heinkel to produce the B-5 by October 1944. Arado would not have been able to start the He 177 B-5's production for another month (November 1944) due to its own focus on the Ar 234 B. The last known
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for forward ventral defense, mounting either a pair of 13mm MG 131 machine guns or 20mm MG 151 cannon and closely modeled on the A-series 177's existing FDL 131Z forward dorsal turret, but the new nose design was only tested on the He 177 V15 production prototype (converted from an A-3, factory
1528:
drawing for the V101 airframe â bearing the "B-5" subtype designation within the drawing's title block â showed that it was intended to be uniquely fitted with a small-area matching vertical pair of so-called pivoting "drag rudders" mounted, one per side, a short distance in from the horizontal
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HL 131V "quadmount" manned tail turret, fitted with a quartet of 13mm MG 131 machine guns, was tried in the late spring and summer of 1943 on a trio of A-3 examples set aside as the V32 through V34 prototypes, but that innovation never made it to production status, never existing as more than a
651:
Problems arising from the latest requirement were never satisfactorily solved, due to the constant increases in loaded weight. Despite strengthened airframes, it was possible to overstress the airframe during dive-bombing. Although the German bomb-sights of the 1930s were inadequate, the later
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configuration, fitted to it during the early autumn of 1943. When the V102 was tested later that autumn while still flying with its A-series wing and powerplants before its own pair of B-series "four-engine" wing units were ready, the new twin vertical tails gave the V102 significantly better
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program, leaving one manned emplacement in the tail. Compared with the manned position, a remotely controlled, turreted defensive armament emplacement system traded technical complexity for reduction of size, weight and drag; it had the advantage that the gunner could be placed in a protected
2211:
Equipped with a redesigned fuselage nose of improved aerodynamic form, abandoning the earlier "Cabin 3" cockpit, with the new nose being generally the same as intended for He 177A-7 and all He 177B development versions. Retained the FDL 131 remotely controlled forward dorsal turret, a single
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undernose gondola. The type of guns fitted was not recorded, but the date on which GI+BP was written off following a mishap in May 1943 would place the fitting of its experimental "chin turret" simultaneously with the lead-up to the May 1943 service introduction of the "gunship" USAAF Flying
432:
as early as 1929. This sort of system was pioneered on the eight examples built of the Heinkel He 119 high-speed reconnaissance aircraft prototype series, already flying with the twin-crankcase DB 606 "power system" engine with success from the beginning, and was also intended for use on the
1618:
would have been standardized on the production B-series aircraft, but never went beyond the mockup and working prototype stage, with a trio of the prototype tail turret units documented as being fitted to the He 177 V32 through V34 A-series DB 610-powered prototype airframes for trials. The
1410:, an RN pilot then posted to the RAE as a test pilot, flew the He 177. He wrote that the in-flight handling characteristics of the He 177A-5 were "...positive about all axes, but the controls were all remarkably light for such a large aircraft. Indeed I had the feeling that the elevator was
628:
In the case of an aircraft attacking a larger target like a factory, the high-angle attacks of the Stuka would not be needed, but a shallower angle, sometimes known as "glide bombing" would be enough. Glide bombing would increase the accuracy to the point that a single aircraft would have a
367:
on a heavy bomber offered many advantages, such as a substantial reduction in drag, reduction of dive instability and a marked improvement in maneuverability. The eight initial V-series prototypes, and the larger number of A-0 pre-production models of the He 177, displayed an airspeed and
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design sufficient to handle the 32 metric tons (35 short tons) loaded weight, was difficult to achieve. The engine nacelles and wings had little room for the main undercarriage members, which needed to be longer than usual, for ground clearance for the large diameter four-blade
354:
The He 177 required at least a pair of 2,000 PS (1,973 hp, 1,471 kW) engines to meet performance requirements. No engine in the German aviation power-plant industry at that time developed such power. A four-engine version would have been possible with engines like the
527:
at the front end as added forward defense and a flexibly mounted MG 81 machine gun in the rear, for the initial He 177A-1. An MG 151 cannon replaced the forward MG FF cannon in later production models, with an MG 131 usually replacing the MG 81, for rearwards ventral defense.
172:. The introduction of the He 177 to combat operations was significantly delayed, by both problems with the development of its engines and frequent changes to its intended role. Nevertheless, it was the only long-range, heavy bomber to become operational with the
1104:"Why has this silly engine suddenly turned up, which is so idiotically welded together? They told me then, there would be two engines connected behind each other, and suddenly there appears this misbegotten monster of welded-together engines one cannot get at!"
1140:
In addition to carrying a variety of bombs, torpedoes, and guided weapons, the He 177 was tested with a number of unorthodox offensive armaments. The first of the experimental weapons fitments known to have been tested was the 12 examples of the He 177A-1/U2
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eagerly approved the creation of three He 177B prototypes, designated He 177 V101 to V103. He stated on 10 August: "The He 177A-4 and A-5 will be produced as before. The He 177B-5 will be tackled with vigor. It will be built in series as soon as possible."
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in-flight handling compared to the original 177A-style empennage of the V101, except during the landing approach when the Fowler flaps were extended during its own initial flights with the twin tails in November 1943. On 24 February 1944, as the USAAF's
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Petersen on the 13th of the month: "I had told Udet from the start that I wanted this beast with four engines. This crate must have had four engines at some time! Nobody had told me anything about this hocus-pocus with welded-together engines!"
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Meant to be a "32 metric-ton" loaded-weight long-range bomber, as a planned improvement over the A-5 version, the A-6 dispensed with the rear manned dorsal turret, and retained the A-5/R2's single MG 151 flexible cannon at the front of the
1353:
A 3-view of the short-fuselage A-1, which was upgraded with a 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in) addition to its rear fuselage just aft of the wing root to become the A-3 - note dive brakes outboard of the nacelles, omitted for the A-3
2158:
Anti-bomber variant based on the He 177 A-5, armed with up to 33 spin-stabilized 21 cm (8Πin) calibre rockets obliquely mounted in fuselage, replacing bomb bays and auxiliary fuel tanks, and most likely based on components of the
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coupled-engine arrangements, eventually specifying that the V3 and V4 airframes get four individual Junkers Jumo 211 engines in an in-plant corporate meeting on 17 November â exactly the same type and number of engines used on the
494:
Integrated into its "Cabin-3" cockpit design, a 7.92 mm MG 81 was placed in a flexible mount to defend against frontal attacks; the two lower rows of nose glazing panels are painted over to protect the crew from searchlight
523:(a common ventral armament fitment on many German bombers), which was the full width of the fuselage where it emerged from under the nose and centered under the forward cabin, usually had a flexibly mounted, drum-fed 20 mm
2281:
Developed as the direct, "separate four-engined" development of the "coupled engine" powered He 177A-series, four prototypes ordered (He 177 V101 to V104) with three built and flown under DB 603 power. Originally postulated in
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and slightly to starboard. The tubes could be fired individually, simultaneously, or in two salvoes of 15 and 18. Tests with fixed balloon targets showed the potential of this system, and limited operational trials against US
2078:
ventral gondola, an MG 131 in the rear end of the ventral gondola, a pair of MG 131 in an FDL 131Z remotely controlled forward dorsal turret, a single MG 131 in a manned aft dorsal turret, and a single tail-mounted MG 151
2274:
Proposed four-engined He 177 design, similar to the He 177A-8, but based instead on the He 177A-7 definitive production fuselage, with manned rear dorsal gun turret omitted, and re-designated as the "He 177B-7" in August
1622:
The first flights of the He 177B prototypes, starting with the He 177 V102 on 20 December 1943, occurred between late December 1943 and early January 1944 in the vicinity of the Vienna-Schwechat airfield, at the firm's
508:
or in a few instances, a semi-experimental twin MG 131Z mount, with the twinned 13 mm calibre guns mounted one above the other, at the rear of the standard bulged upper glazing emplacement. Usually, a 7.92 mm
845:
1942 they were replaced by He 177A-3s. Starting in August 1943, all He 177's delivered had an extended rear fuselage - by 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in) - to both instill greater stability for bombing accuracy (see
206:
In contrast to its heavy payload and very wide, 30 metres (98 ft) planform, the specifications called for the design to have only two very powerful engines. To deliver the power required, the He 177 needed
1153:
ventral gondola (beyond the hemispherical "fishbowl" nose glazing), and intended for ground attack, train busting, and possibly long-range anti-ship raids. These aircraft were also intended to be used against
572:
aircraft's weight. Starting with the later versions of the He 177A-3, the Fowler flaps along the outboard wing sections were no longer fitted and a strengthened wing design was introduced on the He 177A-5.
2178:, the flexible ball-mount MG 81 in the "fishbowl" nose glazing, along with the regular A-series FDL 131Z remote forward dorsal turret, and standardized the rear armament with the planned, Borsig-designed
2338:
ASV maritime patrol radar with flexible MG 131Z nose gun installation, speculated to have been intended for the installation of an enlarged bomb bay for test purposes, said to be intended for use in the
1046:
on the He 177A led to considerable problems, the most common being in-flight engine fires and engine overheating. There were several reasons for the flammability of the DB 606 engine as installed in the
3401:
2038:
Main production series, 826 built. Standardized on the A-3's longer rear fuselage, strengthened wing, shortened undercarriage oleo legs, ETC 2000/XII wing racks and an increase in maximum external load.
379:
Portside view of a DB 605 engine in a Bf 109G's nose - the visible engine mount forging was similar to what each side of the DB 606/610 used, along with the "power system's" special centreline mounting
3573:
1033:
An He 177 undergoing engine maintenance or overhaul - note the second cylinder's exposed exhaust stub being even with the leading edge, an indication of the rearwards location of the "power systems".
1375:", showed a marked degree of improvement in yaw and pitch axis stability, enough to mandate the construction of the He 177A-3 and all subsequent models of the He 177A with the lengthened fuselage.
4281:
1132:
personnel and establishments, were responsible for backing the substantial numbers of upgrades to the He 177A from the time of the cancellation of its dive-bombing requirement in September 1942.
713:
the general handling and landing characteristics of the prototype but complained of some vibration in the airscrew shafts, the inadequacy of the tail surfaces under certain conditions, and some
475:. That installation meant that the fuselage had to receive structural strengthening in several locations. Most of the later production aircraft did receive a remote forward dorsal turret, the
7269:
1602:
British troop glider in a side view comparison, and was first meant for use on the production A-7 version. It could incorporate a remotely controlled power chin turret at the front of its
1574:. One additional surviving photo, showing what looks like a He 177B-series prototype from the right side with a production-style A-series single vertical tail surface set, and bearing the
1484:
that had already been perfected during the He 219's development â for each of the quartet of DB 603s fitted. This task was accomplished considerably later than British aircraft designer
330:
1041 included a top speed of 550 km/h (342 mph) at 5,500 m (18,050 ft) and a loaded weight of 27,000 kg (59,500 lb). In order to achieve these estimates,
1310:(first flight September 1942), which pioneered the same type of forward defensive armament on the best-known American heavy bomber to attack Germany. Similarly, the much-anticipated
676:
Closeup of the He 177A's portside twin-strut main landing gear, also showing details of the "welded-together engines'" tight engine installation from the ventral side of the cowling.
408:-based "DB 610" â were to be the only two production German aviation powerplants designed to surpass 2,040 PS (2,010 hp, 1,500 kW) of power, something that the Germans had
4290:
1928:
ventral gondola. DB 610 engines. Larger, upright seating-equipped redesigned tail position, MG 131 replaced by MG 151 cannon in the tail position. First variant to be fitted with
1324:
turret) of some 100Âș to either side, all at a maximum traverse angular speed of 60Âș per second. One development proposed during 1943 was to create a chin turret using the earlier
2453:
2446:
2439:
603:
Diving on the target greatly increases the accuracy of the drop, allowing pin-point attacks on small targets like bridges and ships. Technical data supported the accuracy of
350:
A later DB 610 "power system" which equipped the He 177A-5. The DB 606A/B powerplants were similar in configuration, with outermost "pair" of engine mount forgings not shown.
219:, caused cooling and maintenance problems, such that the powerplants became infamous for catching fire in flight, and contributing to the He 177 gaining nicknames from
1770:
In common with most piston-engined German bombers, the He 177 was grounded from the summer of 1944 due to the implementation of the Emergency Fighter Program as well as the
479:(translated as "Remotely operated rotating gun-mount" and abbreviated "FDL") 131Z, armed with two MG 131 machine guns, located at a point on the fuselage directly above the
2789:
2 Ă 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bombs and 2 Ă 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) bombs or 2 Ă 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) bombs and 2 Ă 1,700 kg (3,700 lb) bombs
629:
reasonable chance of hitting a factory, instead of having a fleet of aircraft drop a huge number of bombs in hopes that some would hit the target. Udet and others in the
2786:
4 Ă 1,400 kg (3,100 lb) bombs or 4 Ă 1,700 kg (3,700 lb) bombs or 2 Ă 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) bombs or 2 Ă 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) bombs
660:. With the introduction of the Lotfe 7, which offered an error of 20â30 metres (66â98 ft) from a release altitude of 3,000â4,000 metres (9,800â13,100 ft) and
2182:
manned HL 131V quadmount MG 131 machine gun turret for the first time. Not produced, due to building volume of design work on the He 177B-series four-engined aircraft.
1598:
The He 177B was also intended to introduce a slightly enlarged, somewhat more aerodynamic fully glazed nose. It somewhat echoed the lines of the nose glazing from the
1371:
of GI + BN) had its fuselage lengthened by 160 cm (63 in) just aft of the trailing edge of the wing. The modified aircraft, with the longer distance of the "
774:
technical department's director Ernst Udet and Heinkel had expressed about the RLM's dive-bombing priority for the He 177A, but was turned down for the trial fitment.
1896:
Second production series, 170 built, with a fuselage lengthened by 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in). Sixteenth and subsequent aircraft powered by DB 610 A/B engines.
2268:
style annular radiators for the Heinkel-unitized DB 603s used in the He 219. Remained a paper project only, before re-designation as the "He 177B-5" by August 1943.
4263:
2390:
2242:
examples, for wing tests, converted from He 177A-5 airframes, but never fitted with the intended He 177B-series advanced cockpit. One converted He 177A-5 example,
6937:
6848:
1086:
By early August 1942 Göring became angry about the apparent slowness with which the He 177A's powerplant problems were being dealt with. He received a report by
7482:
7343:
3412:
640:
The mock-up aircraft was completed in November 1937, and on 5 November 1937 it was allocated the official RLM airframe type number "8-177". That same day, the
2575:
and both He 274 airframes completed in France post-war, are known to have been reduced to scrap by the end of the 1950s, so there are no surviving examples.
2411:
6797:
5190:
4278:
487:
hemispherical sighting station dome located a short distance forward of the turret and slightly offset to starboard, just behind the forward cabin area.
513:
in a flexible mount was positioned in the upper starboard side of the cockpit nose glazing for defense against frontal attacks. The undernose, inverted-
762:
On 17 November 1938, before the construction of the He 177 V3 and V4 prototype airframes had even been started, Ernst Heinkel had personally asked the
1704:
had good flying characteristics, but had unacceptable engine troubles and problems with its airframe strength. As an emergency measure, aircraft from
1398:
bomber wings were based. A transport and two escort fighters from the RAE flew to the area to leave the Royal Aircraft Establishment Chief Test Pilot
7259:
7127:
7005:
6981:
6947:
6559:
1319:, among others (for their aircraft designs that were intended to mount them) and working prototypes. The HL 131V turret's design originated with the
790:
on 20 September 1939 for the production A-series run, placed a well-framed hemispherical "fishbowl" nose onto the He 177A-0, giving it the generic "
7338:
6912:
6897:
6574:
6550:
6118:
5971:
5040:
5035:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4970:
4924:
4914:
4899:
4854:
4295:
7303:
6857:
5793:
5646:
5500:
4779:
4714:
4634:
4439:
1786:
First eight prototypes of the He 177. V1 through V3 powered by DB 606 A engines. He 177 V4 and subsequent aircraft powered by DB 606 A/B engines.
1524:
production 177A-style single vertical tail surfaces. Although no photographs are known to exist verifying their fitment, the general arrangement
592:
and created doubts about the effectiveness of level bombing of factories. While Wever had been advocating the Ural Bomber concept, others in the
7604:
7413:
6143:
2163:
infantry barrage rocket system. Five examples delivered in January 1944 for operational trials. Abandoned due to increasing numbers of Allied
238:
The type matured into a usable design too late in the war to play an important role. It was built and used in some numbers, especially on the
7619:
462:
GĂŒnter's original intention had been to equip the He 177 with three cockpit-controlled remote gun turrets, with two of them to come from the
6599:
4347:
2216:, a pair of MG 151/20 cannon in a remotely controlled FDL 151Z "chin" turret (to be standardized on the B-version) at the front of the
1688:
A He 177 during refueling and engine-run up 1943. Note the four-bladed propeller. The aircraft is painted in a night camouflage scheme.
1629:
4273:
1424:
installation design, in conjunction with the A-3 subtype's lengthened rear fuselage, intended to create a four-engined version of the
7457:
7442:
7050:
1519:
The He 177B-5's first-built prototype, the He 177 V101, was converted from a mid-production He 177A-3 airframe (number 535 550, with
1472:
A-10, collectively renamed the He 177B in August 1943, was then able to progress. They were meant to be powered with four individual
1792:
Pre-production series, 35 built. First to use the "Cabin 3" cockpit with "fishbowl" framed glazed nose, as with production A-series.
4320:
2556:
1189:
gondola, with the long barrel protruding well forward, beyond the glazed "fishbowl" nose. This variant was unofficially dubbed the
2777:
Up to 7,000 kilograms (15,000 lb) of ordnance internally, up to 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) externally on underwing racks.
2256:
First proposed He 177 design to feature four individual engines, using the A-3 or A-5 fuselage with a new wing design, and either
195:
for a purely strategic bomber. Thus the He 177 was intended originally to be capable of a sustained bombing campaign against
5183:
2287:
7576:
Note: Official RLM designations had the prefix "8-", but this was usually dropped and replaced with the manufacturer's prefix.
2164:
621:
in Spain tended to support the idea that dive bombing was superior and led some to believe that pinpoint accuracy was possible.
2552:
1754:
On the Eastern Front, the most notable action by the He 177 was a mass raid of some 87 aircraft against railway targets in the
1406:
was wrapping up in the southeast of France, the aircraft was captured and flown back to the UK by Falk. Soon afterwards, Capt.
1293:
Experimental defensive weapon fitments were also fitted to a small number of He 177As set aside for such trials, mostly at the
1281:-purpose "fighter sweeps" well ahead of the massed USAAF bomber formations, starting in early 1944 as ordered by then Maj. Gen
1767:
Force, equipped mainly for low-level interception and ground-attack roles, could do little to hinder the high-flying bombers.
7614:
7594:
4242:
4089:
4074:
4037:
4022:
3021:
2769:
in FDL 131Z remotely operated forward dorsal turret, and one in rear belly gondola, one in manned HDL 131/1 aft dorsal turret
2107:
Tested with a supplementary pair of MG 131 in an FDL 131Z aft ventral remote turret aft of the rear bomb-bay, only one built.
1798:
First production series, 130 built. Armed with a single MG 81 in the nose, a single MG FF/M cannon in the forward end of the
1062:
4268:
672:
4137:
2939:
1178:
during the winter of 1942, Luftwaffe forward maintenance units modified a small number of He 177A-3s, fitting a 50 mm
450:
1802:
ventral gondola, a remote-controlled dorsal turret with a single (later twinned) MG 131, and a single tail mounted MG 131.
4693:
4250:
German Combat Planes: A Comprehensive Survey and History of the Development of German Military Aircraft from 1914 to 1945
2131:
Pressurised cockpit study with a projected ceiling of 15,200 m (49,869 ft) and similar reduced armament to the He 177A-2.
536:
425:
1657:
official account of the whereabouts of the two He 177B prototypes that escaped the bombing raids placed the V101 at the
1582:
1205:
location fitted with its 12-round magazine, structural problems caused by the 75 mm weapon's recoil meant that the
322:
On 2 June 1937, Heinkel Flugzeugwerke received instructions to proceed with construction of a full-scale mock-up of its
5176:
2837:
1949:
2780:
48 Ă 50 kg (110 lb) bombs or 12 Ă 250 kg (550 lb) bombs or 10 Ă 500 kg (1,100 lb) bombs
1460:
1341:
for potential fitment and use on the He 177B V104 prototype airframe; and had, by mid-July 1944, completed its tests.
434:
5203:
4227:
4212:
4187:
4171:
4156:
4119:
4104:
4052:
3688:
3685:
3128:
1611:
HL 131V tail turret, carrying a quartet of MG 131 machine guns, was intended for installation on the prototypes. The
849:) and to offset the slightly lengthened engine nacelles (a "stretch" by 20 cm (7.9 in)) and the associated
1890:
Proposed four-man pressurized variant with reduced defensive armament of six MG 81 and a single MG 131, never built.
2934:
1114:
fitted across the front ends of the "twinned"-component engines of each "power system" and their shared propeller.
850:
500:
models, which permitted the gunner to sit upright. The revised design required a reduction of the lower end of the
3612:
5199:
3666:
2247:
2229:
2143:
Armed with FDL-series remote gun turrets. Abandoned as a result of difficulties with the turrets, only one built.
633:
began to see the Bomber not as the strategic bomber that Wever argued for, but what was essentially a long-range
1716:
thirteen missions were flown, and seven He 177s were lost to fire without any action attributable to the enemy.
1542:
strategic bombing campaign against Germany continued, particularly against targets in northern France involving
1301:
GI+BP, was fitted with the first-ever example of a remote-controlled twin-gun "chin turret" at the front of its
781:
400:â for the He 119, centrally within the fuselage, just behind its heavily glazed cockpit enclosure â driving one
6040:
4340:
3908:
1440:
1038:
The DB 606 engine had first been introduced on the Heinkel He 119 and later used on other aircraft such as the
1029:
490:
17:
5496:
1684:
1612:
1511:
By August 1943 much of the detail work for the He 177B series aircraft was well on its way to completion, and
816:
with slight differences in external appearance between those built by Heinkel (with its primary headquarters,
580:
392:
reconnaissance aircraft prototypes. They consisted of a pair of DB 601 liquid-cooled 12-cylinder inverted-vee
335:
7393:
6235:
2344:
2028:
Proposed high altitude pressurised version, never built under the designation, and later developed into the
6589:
6064:
6055:
6050:
5872:
2536:
2343:. A common myth claims V38 was the prototype for a German "atomic bomber" (purportedly capable of carrying
1771:
1564:
1547:
1379:
1307:
742:
239:
181:
846:
7408:
7171:
7167:
7157:
6962:
6825:
6821:
6811:
6511:
6502:
6447:
6328:
6026:
5899:
3540:
3519:
2902:
2846:
radio control transmitting system for Fritz X (gravity) and/or Henschel Hs 293 (rocket-boosted) ordnance.
2246:
550 256 captured by American forces, scrapped postwar and believed buried under the grounds of Chicago's
1282:
686:
46:
The second He 177A-0 production prototype (A-02) with broad-bladed propellers, bearing radio code "DL+AQ"
5565:
5168:
3883:
3709:
3574:"Klassiker-der-luftfarht.de's" better quality print of the sole He 177 V101 surviving photo of it intact
420:
For aerodynamic cleanliness, GĂŒnter intended to dispense with the usual system of drag-producing engine
7624:
7609:
7195:
6417:
6333:
6319:
6230:
6226:
5477:
2464:
641:
364:
313:
service, the design's speed was intended to allow it to outrun any contemporary fighter, the so-called
305:
6735:
1727:
588:
The inaccuracy of horizontal bombing during the Ural bomber program demonstrated weaknesses in German
7599:
6165:
4333:
4143:. (Introduction by H. A. Probert, crediting the main authors). Poole, Dorset: Arms and Armour Press.
1666:
6451:
393:
177:
7437:
2348:
560:
385:
7497:
6366:
5386:
2944:
2460:
1359:
484:
428:
system instead. Such surface cooling, in the form of simpler surface radiators, had been used on
359:
but the four-engine layout would impose higher propeller drag to the detriment of performance in
265:
1328:
quadmount gun elevation assemblies to either side of a new, remote-control traverse core as the
1250:
1193:. Although a small number of He 177A-3/R5 models were to be built from scratch, with the larger
7388:
7334:
6782:
6720:
6680:
6675:
6636:
6608:
6584:
6183:
6178:
6170:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
5743:
5579:
5472:
3639:
2199:
control gear. Range of 5,800 km (3,604 mi), only six test conversions built, from A-5 versions.
2119:
Replacement of the forward and central bomb-bays with enlarged, full-fuselage-depth fuel tanks.
1480:-style annular radiator right behind the propeller â most likely comprising a Heinkel-specific
1155:
1068:
68:
3596:
1652:
airframes, was fully involved at that time with the production of its own, much more advanced
7244:
7210:
7181:
6942:
6867:
6603:
6384:
5879:
5449:
3825:
2730:
1383:
1159:
192:
6787:
1970:
Ventral gondola's aft end lengthened by 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) to provide room for the FuG 203b
1693:
far from operational. In an assessment of the aircraft on 9 April 1942, the newly activated
1669:
in early July 1944 dealt the final blow to the entire He 177B development program, with the
7526:
7477:
7452:
7348:
7313:
7234:
7205:
7200:
7102:
7095:
7090:
6843:
6834:
6829:
6816:
6807:
6730:
6516:
6507:
6472:
6279:
6240:
6222:
6213:
6208:
5913:
5908:
5904:
5689:
5570:
5390:
4869:
4799:
2912:
2160:
1709:
1229:
1039:
808:
401:
200:
2690:
488 km/h (303 mph, 263 kn) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft) in level flight
8:
6872:
6269:
5675:
5258:
5253:
4904:
4864:
4789:
3884:"Heinkel He 177:A general survey of one of the enemy's large four-engined heavy bombers."
2859:, the shorter range solution for a German heavy bomber from 1939 onwards, to replace the
2666:
2432:
2425:
2257:
1763:
1721:
1497:
1496:, had depended on two very powerful but troublesome 24-cylinder powerplants, the British
1473:
1358:
Flight testing of the He 177 in late summer 1942 revealed deficient stability around the
1262:
825:
791:
718:
714:
405:
356:
251:
212:
78:
4315:
3411:(in German). Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau, Bremen. 13 October 1943. p. 11. Archived from
2074:
Armed with a single MG 81 in the nose, a single MG 151 cannon in the forward end of the
1633:
799:
409:
208:
6521:
6059:
6045:
3982:
3493:
3206:
2766:
2418:
2332:
1695:
1560:
1505:
1407:
1125:
804:
763:
680:
During development, the anticipated weight of the He 177 increased so much that a main
520:
472:
798:
the separate windshield for the pilot and co-pilot, that beginning with Heinkel's own
250:. It saw considerably less use on the Western Front, although it played a role during
242:, where its range was particularly useful. It is notable for its use in mass raids on
7467:
7383:
7368:
7034:
6772:
6492:
6394:
6389:
6357:
6342:
6198:
6156:
6147:
5560:
5551:
5444:
5223:
4238:
4223:
4208:
4183:
4167:
4152:
4115:
4100:
4085:
4070:
4048:
4033:
4018:
3966:
3964:
3904:
3153:
3124:
3017:
2752:
2404:
2397:
1403:
1221:
738:
510:
269:
3925:
661:
584:
An He 177 in a shallow dive. The He 177 was meant to have dive-bombing capabilities.
388:
setups for propulsion. He had already employed these engines on the record-breaking
41:
7274:
6877:
6594:
5615:
5606:
5602:
5574:
5463:
5301:
5272:
2783:
6 Ă 500 kg (1,100 lb) bombs or 6 Ă 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bombs or
2491:
2283:
2261:
1880:
heavy fighter with a pair of limited-traverse 30 mm MK 101 cannon in enlarged
1456:
The NASM's partly restored He 219A-2 with its unitized DB 603 engines and fuselage.
1433:
1363:
1225:
767:
754:
737:, the He 177 V4 failed to recover from a moderate dive, crashing into the sea near
657:
555:, which covered the trailing edge of the wing, including those portions covered by
4279:
German language website for the He 177 A-1's original prone tail gunner's position
3961:
3952:
3834:
3816:
2583:
1372:
1213:
1212:
Five He 177A-5s were experimentally equipped in January 1944 with batteries of 33
7492:
7225:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7000:
6995:
6932:
6839:
6759:
6352:
6347:
6259:
6254:
6245:
6193:
6188:
6035:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5956:
5867:
5853:
5713:
4285:
3692:
3670:
3080:
2897:
2812:
2808:
1945:
1849:
ventral gondola for a remotely controlled ventral turret housing a single MG 131.
1744:
1705:
1489:
1278:
1053:
741:. It was discovered that the accident had resulted from the malfunctioning of an
552:
429:
262:
3613:""Anomalous" He 177B-series airframe photo, not documented in surviving records"
1974:
missile-control equipment, instead of the usual rear-fuselage mounting location.
1676:
jet fighter being the only new Heinkel aircraft design allowed into production.
1240:("Big Destroyer") flying battleship, designed to break up and destroy the tight
1232:
infantry barrage rocket system. The nearly three dozen launch tubes placed in a
1228:
missions, and also likely to have been similarly derived from components of the
1224:
single units already in use with single and twin-engined Luftwaffe fighters for
504:
surface for clearance. The MG 131 gun would often be replaced with a 20 mm
7544:
7540:
7536:
7516:
7512:
7487:
7472:
7462:
7447:
7427:
7403:
7398:
7363:
7358:
7329:
7288:
7279:
7239:
7162:
7147:
7137:
7117:
6976:
6966:
6957:
6922:
6907:
6892:
6862:
6754:
6569:
6555:
6545:
6540:
6530:
6379:
6370:
6323:
6309:
6299:
6217:
6203:
5966:
5961:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5918:
5837:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5080:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5030:
5005:
4975:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4919:
4909:
4894:
4884:
4874:
4859:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
2922:
2907:
2878:
2873:
2515:
2340:
2303:
2265:
2029:
1845:
Experimental version only, equipped with a sighting station in the rear of the
1748:
1740:
1670:
1644:
complex, setting back plans to produce any series examples of the B-5 version.
1599:
1556:
1501:
1477:
1476:
engines on new longer-span wings, with each liquid-cooled DB 603 fitted with a
1163:
1092:
1075:
853:
change. Most of the short-fuselage A-3s were rebuilt to the longer standard by
766:
to set aside the V3 and V4 airframes for a trial installation of four separate
690:
614:
463:
389:
139:
135:
4310:
4305:
4300:
2571:
All surviving He 177 A aircraft, including the photographed He 177 B wreck at
1739:
In February 1944, at around the same time as Operation Steinbock, He 177s and
7588:
7284:
7142:
6952:
6631:
6627:
6482:
6467:
6361:
5863:
5858:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5704:
5699:
5684:
5655:
5637:
5628:
5619:
5610:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5556:
5542:
5537:
5533:
5528:
5519:
5514:
5510:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5467:
5435:
5359:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5268:
5263:
5238:
5138:
5126:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5075:
4804:
4794:
4784:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4709:
4704:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4644:
4639:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4444:
4434:
4429:
2883:
2822:
2 Ă 500 kg (1,100 lb) bombs internally + 2 Ă Hs 293 under the wings
2759:
2669:
24-cylinder liquid-cooled piston engines, 2,218 kW (2,975 hp) each
2312:
Proposed 1939 variant of He 177 with four separate piston engines; not built.
2292:
2022:
Torpedo bomber version abandoned in favor of the He 177A-5, only three built.
1995:
1921:
1755:
1320:
1217:
1194:
1146:
734:
699:
694:
653:
618:
610:
604:
549:
505:
455:
439:
369:
331:
315:
297:
293:
281:
243:
6526:
5277:
2494:
operated at least two He 177 A-3s left behind by the Germans and rebuilt by
1637:
833:
7531:
7502:
7432:
7422:
7417:
7293:
6986:
6768:
6739:
6710:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6612:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6294:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6114:
6109:
6104:
5894:
5884:
5505:
5439:
5415:
5410:
5296:
5102:
5096:
4449:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4200:. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1972. p. 265â288.
2917:
1653:
1512:
1485:
1167:
1057:
854:
681:
597:
524:
277:
215:
power system that was selected, in conjunction with its relatively cramped
196:
169:
159:
61:
3663:
2696:
415 km/h (258 mph, 224 kn) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
1829:
Equipped with a pair of aft firing MG 81Z machine guns in the rear of the
7378:
7264:
7010:
6763:
6744:
6249:
5889:
5813:
5808:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5718:
5709:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5651:
5642:
5633:
5523:
5425:
5420:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5376:
5363:
5354:
5243:
5198:
2007:
2003:
1399:
1182:
758:
code "PM+OD" and early cockpit design used on the first eight prototypes.
360:
326:
1041 Bomber A. Heinkel Flugzeugwerke's estimated performance figures for
289:
3753:
2296:
design competitor by February 1943, itself cancelled in late April 1944.
1822:
1272:
He 177s to follow the enemy bomber formations, passing below (as with a
412:
during the war into production-ready, combat-reliable aviation engines.
180:
similar to that of four-engined heavy bombers used by the Allies in the
7507:
6749:
6399:
5680:
4082:
Heinkel He 177 'Greif': The only long-range bomber in Luftwaffe service
3265:
Bundesarchiv/MilitÀrarchiv Freiburg, Bestand RL 3, Produktionsprogramme
2195:
four 250 kg (551 lb) or two 500 kg (1,102 lb) bombs, if equipped with
1258:
1241:
1175:
1174:
fleet. Later, when assigned to flak-suppression sorties in the area of
622:
276:
to develop a dedicated long-range bomber for the role of attacking the
2002:
gondola, based on a small number of He 177 As field-equipped with the
1632:
bombing raids on German aircraft production facilities in Vienna, and
1467:
Lt.Col. Siegfried Knemeyer, who flew the He 177 V102 in February 1944.
375:
346:
7521:
5624:
5305:
5132:
4649:
3983:"Lexikon der Wehrmacht - Heinkel He 177, He 177B-Reihe (in German)."
2384:
1571:
1543:
1534:
1530:
1382:(RAE) was ordered to supply an aircrew for an He 177 that the French
1349:
589:
480:
164:
88:
3996:
3994:
3207:"Lexikon der Wehrmacht - Heinkel He 177, He 177B-Reihe (in German)".
2555:
in September 1944 was repainted with British markings and given the
1865:
ventral gondola and a manned aft dorsal turret containing an MG 131.
1209:
did not see combat use outside of the original, BK 5 armed handful.
1145:
variant, which was armed with a pair of limited-traverse 30 mm
748:
187:
Work on the design began in response to a 1936 requirement known as
5368:
4325:
4015:
Wings on My Sleeve: The World's Greatest Test Pilot tells his story
2856:
1861:
Equipped with a supplementary aft firing MG 131 in the rear of the
1539:
1402:
and a flight engineer with the commando group. On 10 September, as
514:
421:
3686:
Archived "Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Forces, July 1944."
3541:
Heinkel engineering department's 3-view drawing of the He 177 V101
3496:
Lexikon der Wehrmacht (in German)."] . Retrieved: 19 April 2012.
3402:"Kurzbeschreibung Focke-Wulf Ta 400 Fernkampfflugzeug - Heckstand"
544:
of 2./KG 100, 1944. Note the flaps cover the entire trailing edge.
7298:
7220:
7215:
6640:
6622:
6617:
6477:
6413:
6408:
5547:
4356:
4062:. Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK: Hall Park Books Ltd., 2000.
3991:
3789:
3103:
2803:
2636:
2528:
2499:
2375:
2352:
2051:
1481:
1452:
1387:
1316:
1297:
test detachment fields. One He 177A-1, s/n 15155 and bearing the
1111:
1043:
726:
556:
397:
228:
216:
155:
73:
2260:
engines as prototyped (He 177 V101 through -V103 in 1943-44) or
1185:
cannon with a 21-round magazine within the aircraft's undernose
303:
Wever continued to press for new designs for this role, and the
5453:
4274:
He 177's FDL 131 remote dorsal turret manual-single gun version
3340:
2495:
2482:
2055:
1759:
1395:
1171:
1088:
501:
3780:
1253:
bomber streams were authorized. The aircraft were operated by
211:. Engines of this type were new and unproven at the time. The
4306:
YouTube German footage of the He 177 taking-off & landing
3460:
2843:
2792:
2 Ă 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) bombs and 2 Ă LMA III mines
2523:
1245:
812:
1636:
destroyed the airworthy V103 and the incomplete V104 at the
1546:
installations â a meeting was held at the all turf-surfaced
785:
An He 177's outline in flight, heading away from the camera.
384:
For the He 177, GĂŒnter decided to employ two of the complex
292:" program had delivered two rather uninspiring designs, the
2572:
1418:
1391:
1390:
near Toulouse, where elements of both the He 177A-equipped
1042:
where they functioned as intended, but the extremely tight
3664:"Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Forces, April 1944".
1648:, which had been the major subcontractor for the A-series
1315:
series of engineering department mockups with Heinkel and
733:) where it undertook diving trials. While flying over the
246:
in 1944, one of the late-war heavy bombing efforts by the
4149:
The Hamlyn Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II
4135:
March, Cyril; Lee, Asher; Barraclough, Geoffrey (1987) .
3478:
1908:
Powered by two Daimler-Benz DB 606 A/B engines, 15 built.
1056:â with the rear two-thirds of the component powerplants'
284:
area. This concept met significant scepticism within the
4203:
Price, Alfred. "He 177 Greif: The Luftwaffe's Lighter".
3857:
3855:
3531:
Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 162-163, 165-167 & 226.
3525:
3520:
Sole surviving photo of the intact He 177 V101 prototype
1920:
Improved electrical system. MG FF cannon replaced by an
1806:
1594:- the B-series prototypes (V101-V104) used them as well.
697:
arrangement for the four-BMW 801E radial-engine powered
4207:. Norwalk, Connecticut, USA: AirTime Publishing, 2004.
4032:. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Crowood, 1993.
3345:. Shrewsbury, England: Airlife Publishing. p. 130.
2967:. Shrewsbury, England: Airlife Publishing. p. 232.
721:. The He 177 V2 made its first flight soon afterwards.
4301:
1942 British aircraft recognition film on the He 177 A
3243:
3241:
3239:
1444:
late August 1942, following his earlier complaints to
458:
and bulged upper glazing for upright gunner's seating.
3852:
3736:
3727:
3710:"Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45, Austria (1937 Borders)"
3358:
3164:
1332:
BL 131V, located at the forward end of the He 177A's
4139:
The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force, 1933â1945
3583:
3581:
3551:
3549:
3506:
3504:
3502:
1628:
However, from 23 April, through July 1944, repeated
209:
engines of at least 2,000 horsepower (1,500 kW)
3236:
3220:
3218:
3096:
3094:
3092:
2980:
2892:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
1810:An MG 81Z "twinned" machine gun pair, used for the
1772:
Allied bombing of German fuel production facilities
1236:fuselage in such a manner were meant to create the
1021:prototypes from before December 1943 to July 1944.
442:bomber, and added to the He 177's weight and drag.
4136:
3892:
3123:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. p. 54.
3062:
2347:as a droppable weapon). Remains found at Prague's
1955:control gear, usually fitted in the rear fuselage.
770:powerplants to overcome the concerns that the RLM
609:bombing achieving greater target destruction over
4196:Price, Alfred. "Heinkel He 177 Greif (Griffon)".
3843:
3623:
3578:
3546:
3499:
3367:
3173:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3016:. Oxford, UK & PA, USA: Casemate. p. 7.
2578:
2091:Simplified bomb rack installation, equipped with
1814:He 177A-1 field modification, in a shipment case.
1288:
7586:
4130:. London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co.
3943:
3807:
3451:
3313:
3227:
3215:
3191:
3182:
3089:
2881:- never-completed development, became Heinkel's
1149:in the extreme front of a dramatically enlarged
1017:Note - One A-0, one A-3, and two A-5 rebuilt as
861:Production of the He 177 until 30 November 1944
7563:Assigned, but not used before RLM was dissolved
4316:German language webpage on the He 177 A Cockpit
4235:Heinkel He 177 Greif Heinkel's Strategic Bomber
3071:
717:which accompanied any vigorous movement of the
5200:Reich Air Ministry (RLM) aircraft designations
4110:Hirsch, R.S., Uwe Feist and Heinz J. Nowarra.
3044:
3030:
2331:of KM+TB) â documented use was as testbed for
2233:Wk. Nr. 550 256, He 177A-7 prototype post-war.
1758:area, about 450 km (280 mi) west of
1268:. The intended mode of operation required the
1128:, Petersen's former bomber wing), through the
415:
5184:
4341:
4114:. Fallbrook, CA: Auro Publishers Inc., 1967.
3898:
3118:
2997:
2995:
2962:
2708:6,000 km (3,700 mi, 3,200 nmi)
1747:glide bombs attacked Allied shipping off the
1579:defensive armament of the He 177A-5 subtype.
1344:
3872:Luftwaffe: Secret Bombers of the Third Reich
1500:, but by 1941 it had been redesigned as the
1135:
254:(the "Baby Blitz"), against the UK in 1944.
4099:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing 1998.
3327:
3325:
1944:Anti-shipping version capable of using the
1586:Closeup of the "fishbowl" nose glazing and
704:tons) capacity main gear jacks and blocks.
338:, employed several revolutionary features.
5191:
5177:
5127:Heinkel Three-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane
5121:Type 2 Single-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane
4348:
4334:
3903:. Shrewsbury: Airlife. pp. 223, 229.
3899:Griehl, Manfred; Dressel, Joachim (1998).
3804:March, Lee, & Barraclough 1987, p. 267
3777:March, Lee, & Barraclough 1987, p. 218
3436:Griehl and Dressel, pp. 42, 168, 170, 171.
3341:Griehl, Manfred; Dressel, Joachim (1998).
3119:Griehl, Manfred; Dressel, Joachim (1998).
3112:
3014:Countdown to D-Day: The German perspective
3011:
2992:
2963:Griehl, Manfred; Dressel, Joachim (1998).
2762:in forward belly gondola, and one in tail.
2290:for the never-produced, paper-only He 277
1616:HL 131V four-gun manned tail turret system
1120:Petersen, as well as a Major Mons (also a
803:each orthogonal direction, running as the
625:became a vocal supporter of this concept.
4205:International Air Power Review, Volume 11
2212:flexible-mount MG 131 in the rear of the
824:plants around Vienna) and those built by
752:The fifth prototype He 177, the V5, with
257:
4180:German Aircraft Of World War 2 in colour
3978:
3976:
3758:www.ww2.dk : The Luftwaffe, 1933-45
3322:
2795:6 Ă LMA III mines or 4 Ă LMB III mines
2582:
2551:from 6./KG 40) that had been taken from
2522:
2228:
1805:
1726:
1683:
1581:
1459:
1451:
1419:Further development: the Heinkel He 177B
1348:
1067:
1028:
780:
747:
671:
656:proved to be comparable to the American
596:were growing increasingly interested in
579:
535:
489:
449:
374:
345:
5115:Type 2 Two-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane
4220:German Aircraft of the Second World War
4182:. Poole, Dorsett, UK: Blandford Press.
4060:Heinkel He 177 (Warpaint Series No. 33)
3926:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
3444:
3442:
2702:135 km/h (84 mph, 73 kn)
1731:A He 177 taking off for a sortie, 1944.
1162:and bomber aircraft operating over the
454:He 177A-5 tail gun position, with 20mm
14:
7587:
4177:
4151:. London, UK: Chancellor Press, 2004.
3170:Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 159, 195.
2986:
2675:4-bladed VDM constant-speed propellers
2562:. Used purely for evaluation purposes.
1679:
1277:ever more numerous - in the manner of
1024:
820:plant near Rostock, and the satellite
548:The He 177 had Fowler-type extensible
7605:World War II heavy bombers of Germany
5172:
4329:
4311:YouTube German newsreel of the He 177
4095:Griehl, Manfred and Joachim Dressel.
3973:
3917:
3861:Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 160â161.
3742:Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 170â172.
3733:Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 169â170.
3564:Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 166â167.
3391:Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 42, 226.
3382:Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 42, 232.
3364:Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 106â111.
2726:310 kg/m (63 lb/sq ft)
2566:
1708:50 were used to supply the encircled
1488:had done in similarly converting the
445:
410:considerable challenges in developing
7620:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
4355:
4296:He 177 A-3 defensive armament manual
4112:Heinkel 177 "Greif" (Aero Series 13)
3923:
3877:
3751:
3439:
3247:Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 46, 54.
2940:List of military aircraft of Germany
2751:** One 7.92 mm (0.312 in)
2620:31.44 m (103 ft 2 in)
2302:Initial project designation for the
1492:. The Manchester, like the A-series
1166:, which were posing a danger to the
693:in France. Drawings were made for a
563:report dated 9 October 1942 stated:
176:during the war. The He 177 had
3301:Bundesarchiv/MilitÀrarchiv Freiburg
3068:Griehl and Dressel 1998, pp. 92â94.
2798:2 Ă LT 50 torpedoes under the wings
2626:6.67 m (21 ft 11 in)
2614:22.00 m (72 ft 2 in)
1762:on 19 July 1944. The participating
1285:- the entire scheme was abandoned.
430:British high-speed racing seaplanes
368:maneuverability comparable to many
24:
4166:. London, UK: Bounty Books, 2004.
4084:. Erlangen, Germany: AirDOC 2008.
3707:
2819:or Hs 293 or Hs 294 under fuselage
2632:100 m (1,100 sq ft)
1550:. Erhard Milch, and fellow guests
847:Airworthiness and handling section
386:Daimler-Benz DB 606 "power system"
25:
7636:
4257:
2735:5.25 kg/hp (11.6 lb/hp)
1884:lower nose mount, 12 conversions.
1590:undernose gondola of an A-series
1548:Wiener Neustadt military airfield
1220:tubes, physically similar to the
4128:The Observer's Book Of Airplanes
4069:. New York: Exeter Books, 1990.
3849:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 102.
3629:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 226.
3587:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 165.
3555:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 163.
3510:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 162.
3448:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 170.
3373:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 106.
3179:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 218.
3143:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 109.
2935:List of aircraft of World War II
2508:
2475:
2368:
1990:version armed with a 75 mm
1386:would capture at an airfield in
667:
40:
4248:Wagner, Ray and Heinz Nowarra.
4237:. London, UK: Ian Allan, 2008.
4017:. London: Phoenix Press, 2007.
4006:
3949:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 72.
3864:
3813:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 87.
3798:
3786:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p.129.
3771:
3745:
3701:
3679:
3657:
3632:
3605:
3590:
3567:
3558:
3534:
3513:
3487:
3469:
3457:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 46.
3430:
3394:
3385:
3376:
3355:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 54.
3349:
3334:
3319:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 94.
3310:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 52.
3304:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3233:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 16.
3224:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 14.
3200:
3197:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 22.
3188:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 17.
3146:
3137:
3100:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 53.
3077:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 33.
2659:15,200 kg (33,500 lb)
2653:32,000 kg (70,548 lb)
2647:16,800 kg (37,038 lb)
1197:-based, autoloading 75 mm
1097:Kommandeur der Erprobungstellen
575:
424:and planned on using a surface
4198:Aircraft in Profile, Volume 11
4107:. (Main reference for article)
3676:. Retrieved: 8 September 2012.
3494:Heinkel He 177, He 177 B-Reihe
3059:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 9.
3041:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 8.
3004:
2971:
2956:
2720:3.2 m/s (630 ft/min)
2579:Specifications (He 177 A-5/R2)
1289:Defensive ordnance experiments
1078:, the head of the Luftwaffe's
27:German heavy bomber during WW2
13:
1:
7566:Assigned to captured aircraft
4321:He 177 educational image book
3698:. Retrieved: 2 December 2012.
2950:
2887:design entry by February 1943
2765:Two 13 mm (0.5 in)
2758:One 20 mm (0.8 in)
2714:8,000 m (26,000 ft)
2264:engines (proposal only) with
1378:In early September 1944, the
1244:defensive formations used by
839:
707:
268:had long been an advocate of
7615:Aircraft first flown in 1939
7595:1940s German bomber aircraft
7572:Propaganda/cover designation
5109:Aichi Type H Carrier Fighter
4252:. New York: Doubleday, 1971.
4222:. London, UK: Putnam, 1972.
4067:Warplanes of the Third Reich
4000:Green, William 1990, p. 342.
3795:Green, William 1990, p. 346.
3109:Green, William 1990, p. 228.
2537:Royal Aircraft Establishment
2361:
2248:O'Hare International Airport
2058:guided bombs, equipped with
1482:unitized engine installation
1380:Royal Aircraft Establishment
992:December 1943 â August 1944
935:January 1942 â January 1943
7:
3988:. Retrieved: 19 April 2012.
3889:, 10 May 1945, pp. 498â500.
3274:Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke
2903:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
2850:
2641:He 1.5 36.8 17.3-0.715-36.6
2454:FlugzeugfĂŒhrerschule (B) 31
2447:FlugzeugfĂŒhrerschule (B) 16
2440:FlugzeugfĂŒhrerschule (B) 15
1994:BK 7,5 cannon based on the
1777:
1216:21 cm (8Πin) calibre
1082:network of test facilities.
940:He 177A-3 (short fuselage)
832:plant, with Arado based in
687:counter-rotating propellers
416:Surface evaporation cooling
365:counter-rotating propellers
10:
7641:
4269:He 177 A-1 bombload manual
4264:He 177 A-0 bombload manual
4218:Smith, J.R. and E.L. Kay.
4097:Heinkel He 177 - 277 - 274
3602:. Retrieved: 16 June 2013.
3121:Heinkel He 177 â 277 â 274
3012:Margaritis, Peter (2019).
2815:under wings + 1 Ă FX 1400
1932:(cable cutting equipment).
1662:test facility for safety.
1345:Airworthiness and handling
1339:Erprobungsstelle Tarnewitz
959:He 177A-3 (long fuselage)
954:November 1942 â July 1943
648:a big increase in weight.
642:Oberkommando der Luftwaffe
483:'s leading-edge, with its
477:Fernbedienbare Drehlafette
471:, armed with a 13 mm
396:mounted side by side in a
341:
306:Reichsluftfahrtministerium
178:a payload/range capability
7553:
7323:Post-349 (non-sequential)
7322:
7043:
6460:
5846:
5211:
5089:
4958:
4692:
4473:
4373:
4364:
4291:Description of He 177 A-3
4126:Lawrence, Joseph (1945).
3822:Smith, J.R. 2008, p. 144.
3283:Heinkel Werke Oranienburg
3256:Munson 1983, pp. 292â293.
3212:Retrieved: 22 April 2012.
3210:lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de.
2553:Toulouse-Blagnac airfield
1998:installed in the ventral
1667:Emergency Fighter Program
1201:BK 7,5 autocannon in the
1136:Experimental weapon loads
617:. The experience of the
131:
123:
115:
107:
102:
94:
84:
67:
56:
51:
39:
34:
4178:Munson, Kenneth (1978).
4045:Aircraft of World War II
3986:lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de
3970:Smith, J.R 2008, p. 114.
3958:Smith, J.R 2008, p. 182.
3840:Smith, J.R 2008, p. 181.
3617:ww2bombers.e-monsite.com
2527:He 177 A-5 with British
1640:factory airfield of the
973:August 1943 â June 1944
729:-Schmarl (then known as
199:manufacturing capacity,
3930:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
3475:Brown 1993, pp. 31, 34.
3086:Smith, J.R 2008, p. 60.
2945:List of bomber aircraft
2599:General characteristics
531:
235:("Air Force lighter").
4047:. Grange Books, 2000.
4030:Wings of the Luftwaffe
3901:Heinkel He 177,277,274
3752:Holm, Michael (2003).
3466:Brown 2007, pp. 82â84.
3343:Heinkel He 177-277-274
2965:Heinkel He 177â277â274
2594:Heinkel He 177,277,274
2588:
2532:
2391:Fernkampfgeschwader 50
2234:
2050:Version optimized for
1815:
1732:
1689:
1595:
1468:
1457:
1355:
1257:25, flying out of the
1107:
1083:
1034:
786:
759:
743:airscrew pitch control
677:
585:
569:
545:
496:
459:
381:
363:. The use of only two
351:
258:Design and development
5103:Orlogsvaerftet HM.II.
3543:forum.axishistory.com
3522:forum.axishistory.com
2587:Heinkel He 177 3-view
2586:
2526:
2286:books to have been a
2232:
1986:Planned, never-built
1809:
1730:
1687:
1585:
1463:
1455:
1352:
1266:facility at Tarnewitz
1101:
1071:
1032:
784:
751:
675:
583:
565:
539:
493:
453:
378:
349:
74:Heinkel Flugzeugwerke
5090:Foreign designations
4365:Company designations
4043:Chant, Christopher.
3754:"Kampfgeschwader 50"
3409:deutscheluftwaffe.de
2977:Munson 1983, p. 292.
2913:Handley Page Halifax
2161:21 cm Nebelwerfer 42
1665:The adoption of the
1061:to a badly designed
1040:Messerschmitt Me 261
288:, and by 1936 this "
280:'s factories in the
7560:Unofficial/proposed
3831:Price 1972, p. 284.
3158:www5a.biglobe.ne.jp
3001:Price 2004, p. 162.
2868:Related development
2667:Daimler-Benz DB 610
2433:Kampfgeschwader 200
2426:Kampfgeschwader 100
2288:"cover designation"
2258:Daimler-Benz DB 603
1722:Operation Steinbock
1680:Operational history
1646:Arado Flugzeugwerke
1630:Fifteenth Air Force
1554:Edgar Petersen and
1498:Rolls-Royce Vulture
1474:Daimler-Benz DB 603
1025:Engine difficulties
862:
826:Arado Flugzeugwerke
426:evaporative cooling
406:Daimler-Benz DB 605
357:Daimler-Benz DB 601
334:'s chief designer,
252:Operation Steinbock
233:Luftwaffenfeuerzeug
213:Daimler-Benz DB 606
158:) was a long-range
52:General information
4959:Projects 1933â1945
4284:2018-03-24 at the
3691:2013-05-27 at the
3669:2009-02-16 at the
3484:Brown 2007, p. 82.
3331:Griehl 2008, p. 3.
2767:MG 131 machine gun
2589:
2573:Eger (Sudetenland)
2567:Surviving aircraft
2533:
2419:Kampfgeschwader 40
2412:Kampfgeschwader 10
2235:
1816:
1733:
1700:reported that the
1690:
1596:
1561:Siegfried Knemeyer
1506:Rolls-Royce Merlin
1469:
1458:
1356:
1255:Erprobungskommando
1084:
1035:
881:Production period
860:
855:Reparaturwerk Eger
787:
760:
678:
586:
546:
497:
473:MG 131 machine gun
460:
446:Defensive armament
382:
352:
201:deep inside Russia
7625:Strategic bombers
7610:Mid-wing aircraft
7582:
7581:
5166:
5165:
4688:
4687:
4243:978-1-90322-393-2
4164:Bombers 1939 â 45
4162:Munson, Kenneth.
4090:978-3-93568-747-8
4080:Griehl, Manfred.
4075:978-0-88365-666-2
4038:978-1-85310-413-8
4023:978-0-75382-209-8
3924:Lednicer, David.
3870:Dan Sharp, 2016.
3708:deZeng, Henry L.
3418:on 24 August 2015
3292:Arado Brandenburg
3023:978-1-61200-769-4
2753:MG 81 machine gun
2545:Geschwaderkennung
2405:Kampfgeschwader 4
2398:Kampfgeschwader 1
2327:550 002, bearing
1696:Erprobungsstaffel
1404:Operation Dragoon
1214:obliquely mounted
1130:Erprobungsstellen
1122:Gruppenkommandeur
1080:Erprobungsstellen
1015:
1014:
851:centre of gravity
731:Rostock-Marienehe
511:MG 81 machine gun
270:strategic bombing
145:
144:
108:Introduction date
16:(Redirected from
7632:
7600:Heinkel aircraft
7375:
7355:
7310:
7256:
7251:
7232:
7192:
7187:
7178:
7154:
7134:
7124:
7114:
7109:
7087:
7082:
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7067:
7062:
7057:
7031:
6992:
6973:
6929:
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6904:
6889:
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6854:
6804:
6794:
6779:
6727:
6717:
6707:
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6581:
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6499:
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6406:
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6291:
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6033:
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5835:
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5383:
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5332:
5250:
5235:
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5220:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5170:
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4371:
4370:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4327:
4326:
4193:
4144:
4142:
4131:
4065:Green, William.
4001:
3998:
3989:
3980:
3971:
3968:
3959:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
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3921:
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3896:
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3805:
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3796:
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3768:
3766:
3764:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3715:. pp. 43â44
3714:
3705:
3699:
3683:
3677:
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3654:
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3650:
3636:
3630:
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3497:
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3458:
3455:
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3446:
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3308:
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3257:
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3234:
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3213:
3204:
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3189:
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3180:
3177:
3171:
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3162:
3161:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3087:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3042:
3039:
3028:
3027:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2960:
2832:
2743:
2712:Service ceiling:
2683:
2601:
2543:The He 177 A-5 (
2514:
2512:
2511:
2492:French Air Force
2481:
2479:
2478:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2345:a fission device
2329:Stammkennzeichen
2317:Special variants
2284:postwar aviation
2262:Junkers Jumo 213
1948:, equipped with
1833:ventral gondola.
1576:Stammkennzeichen
1568:factory airfield
1521:Stammkennzeichen
1434:Messerschmitt AG
1430:
1369:Stammkennzeichen
1299:Stammkennzeichen
1295:Erprobungstellen
1251:Eighth Air Force
1226:bomber destroyer
863:
859:
792:stepless cockpit
768:Junkers Jumo 211
755:Stammkennzeichen
658:Norden bombsight
652:versions of the
336:Siegfried GĂŒnter
272:and pressed the
223:aircrew such as
191:, issued by the
182:European theatre
119:19 November 1939
44:
32:
31:
21:
7640:
7639:
7635:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7630:
7629:
7585:
7584:
7583:
7578:
7549:
7373:
7353:
7318:
7308:
7254:
7249:
7230:
7190:
7185:
7176:
7152:
7132:
7122:
7112:
7107:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7039:
7029:
6990:
6971:
6927:
6917:
6902:
6887:
6882:
6852:
6802:
6792:
6777:
6725:
6715:
6705:
6685:
6670:
6665:
6579:
6564:
6535:
6497:
6487:
6456:
6404:
6375:
6338:
6289:
6284:
6274:
6264:
6174:
6161:
6152:
6123:
6031:
5952:
5842:
5833:
5803:
5798:
5788:
5748:
5723:
5694:
5458:
5430:
5381:
5372:
5350:
5330:
5248:
5233:
5228:
5218:
5207:
5197:
5167:
5162:
5085:
4954:
4697:
4684:
4469:
4378:(HE) monoplanes
4366:
4360:
4354:
4286:Wayback Machine
4260:
4255:
4190:
4147:Mondey, David.
4134:
4125:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3992:
3981:
3974:
3969:
3962:
3957:
3953:
3948:
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3835:
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3826:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3799:
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3785:
3781:
3776:
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3762:
3760:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3702:
3693:Wayback Machine
3684:
3680:
3671:Wayback Machine
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3644:photobucket.com
3638:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3600:Photobucket.com
3595:
3591:
3586:
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3309:
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3255:
3251:
3246:
3237:
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3228:
3223:
3216:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3183:
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3165:
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3147:
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3131:
3117:
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3024:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2898:Avro Manchester
2853:
2840:Kehl-Strasbourg
2833:
2828:
2809:Henschel Hs 293
2744:
2739:
2679:
2597:
2581:
2569:
2509:
2507:
2476:
2474:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2225:late July 1944.
2220:, and a manned
1950:FuG 203-series
1946:Henschel Hs 293
1783:He 177 V1 to V8
1780:
1749:Anzio beachhead
1745:Henschel Hs 293
1741:Dornier Do 217s
1706:Kampfgeschwader
1682:
1490:Avro Manchester
1439:contender, the
1428:
1421:
1347:
1330:Bugstandlafette
1291:
1283:Jimmy Doolittle
1279:air superiority
1264:Erprobungstelle
1138:
1027:
842:
828:(nearby to the
772:Technisches-Amt
710:
670:
615:Heinkel He 111s
578:
534:
448:
440:Junkers Ju 88 A
418:
344:
263:Generalleutnant
260:
225:Reichsfeuerzeug
149:Heinkel He 177
138:
76:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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6267:
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6236:Me 164/MeC 164
6233:
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5806:
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4258:External links
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2908:Dornier Do 317
2905:
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2879:Heinkel He 277
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2874:Heinkel He 274
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2030:Heinkel He 274
2026:
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2020:
2019:
2018:
2012:
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1671:Heinkel He 162
1600:Airspeed Horsa
1557:Oberstleutnant
1502:Avro Lancaster
1478:Heinkel He 219
1420:
1417:
1346:
1343:
1306:Fortress, the
1290:
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1270:Grosszerstörer
1238:Grosszerstörer
1164:Atlantic Ocean
1160:reconnaissance
1147:MK 101 cannons
1137:
1134:
1093:Edgar Petersen
1076:Edgar Petersen
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662:Hermann Göring
611:Dornier Do 17s
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464:Junkers Ju 288
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394:inline engines
390:Heinkel He 119
370:heavy fighters
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136:Heinkel He 274
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5225:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5189:
5187:
5182:
5180:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5158:
5157:Yokosuka DXHe
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5145:Hitachi AXHei
5143:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:(HD) biplanes
4477:
4472:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4372:
4369:
4363:
4358:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:0-85177-836-4
4225:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4213:1-880588-60-9
4210:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4189:0-7137-0860-3
4185:
4181:
4176:
4173:
4172:0-7537-0919-8
4169:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:1-85152-966-7
4154:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4120:0-8168-0548-2
4117:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4105:1-85310-364-0
4102:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4053:1-84013-336-8
4050:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4028:Brown, Eric.
4027:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4013:Brown, Eric.
4012:
4011:
3997:
3995:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3955:
3946:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3912:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3873:
3867:
3858:
3856:
3846:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3810:
3801:
3792:
3783:
3774:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3739:
3730:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3601:
3598:
3593:
3584:
3582:
3575:
3570:
3561:
3552:
3550:
3542:
3537:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3495:
3490:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3454:
3445:
3443:
3433:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3397:
3388:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3344:
3337:
3328:
3326:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3253:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3230:
3221:
3219:
3211:
3208:
3203:
3194:
3185:
3176:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3154:"ăă€ăłă±ă«177ăźäž»è"
3149:
3140:
3132:
3130:1-85310-364-0
3126:
3122:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3083:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3019:
3015:
3007:
2998:
2996:
2989:, p. 85.
2988:
2983:
2974:
2966:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2929:Related lists
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2885:
2884:Amerikabomber
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2861:Schnellbomber
2858:
2855:
2854:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2760:MG 151 cannon
2757:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:Wing loading:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2694:Cruise speed:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2651:Gross weight:
2649:
2646:
2645:Empty weight:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2585:
2576:
2574:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2366:
2365:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2293:Amerikabomber
2289:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2165:air supremacy
2162:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:control gear.
2094:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2062:control gear.
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1996:7.5 cm PaK 40
1993:
1989:
1988:Stalingradtyp
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:MG 151 cannon
1919:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:Velikiye Luki
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1686:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1437:Amerikabomber
1435:
1427:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:Hecklafette's
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1274:SchrÀge Musik
1271:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:rocket mortar
1215:
1210:
1208:
1207:Stalingradtyp
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:Stalingradtyp
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1058:engine blocks
1055:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
972:
969:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
953:
950:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
934:
931:
928:
926:
924:
921:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
901:
898:
895:
893:
891:
888:
885:
884:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:
858:
856:
852:
848:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
810:
806:
801:
797:
793:
783:
779:
775:
773:
769:
765:
757:
756:
750:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
722:
720:
716:
705:
702:
701:
700:Amerikabomber
696:
695:tricycle gear
692:
688:
683:
682:undercarriage
674:
668:Undercarriage
665:
663:
659:
655:
654:Lotfernrohr 7
649:
645:
643:
638:
636:
632:
626:
624:
620:
619:Condor Legion
616:
612:
608:
607:
601:
599:
595:
591:
582:
573:
568:
564:
562:
558:
554:
551:
550:trailing edge
543:
538:
529:
526:
522:
519:
516:
512:
507:
506:MG 151 cannon
503:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
457:
456:MG 151 cannon
452:
443:
441:
436:
431:
427:
423:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
377:
373:
372:of the time.
371:
366:
362:
358:
348:
339:
337:
333:
332:Ernst Heinkel
329:
325:
320:
318:
317:
316:Schnellbomber
310:
308:
307:
301:
299:
298:Junkers Ju 89
295:
294:Dornier Do 19
291:
287:
283:
282:Ural Mountain
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:Walther Wever
264:
255:
253:
249:
245:
244:Velikiye Luki
241:
240:Eastern Front
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:
162:flown by the
161:
157:
153:
152:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
75:
72:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
7575:
7557:Not assigned
6314:
6304:
5151:Heinkel A7He
4965:
4889:
4879:
4696:designations
4476:Doppeldecker
4475:
4375:
4249:
4234:
4233:Smith, J.R.
4219:
4204:
4197:
4179:
4163:
4148:
4138:
4127:
4111:
4096:
4081:
4066:
4059:
4044:
4029:
4014:
4007:Bibliography
3985:
3954:
3945:
3933:. Retrieved
3929:
3919:
3900:
3894:
3886:
3879:
3871:
3866:
3845:
3836:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3761:. Retrieved
3757:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3717:. Retrieved
3703:
3695:
3681:
3673:
3659:
3647:. Retrieved
3643:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3599:
3592:
3569:
3560:
3536:
3527:
3515:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3413:the original
3408:
3396:
3387:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3351:
3342:
3336:
3315:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3252:
3229:
3209:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3175:
3166:
3157:
3148:
3139:
3120:
3114:
3105:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3013:
3006:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2958:
2928:
2927:
2918:Nakajima G8N
2891:
2890:
2882:
2867:
2866:
2860:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2816:
2802:
2801:2 Ă FX 1400
2774:
2748:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2700:Stall speed:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2680:
2678:
2672:
2662:
2657:Useful load:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2570:
2559:
2548:
2544:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2349:Ruzyne field
2334:
2328:
2324:
2291:
2243:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:He 177A-6/R2
2196:
2189:He 177A-6/R1
2179:
2175:
2151:
2138:He 177A-5/R8
2126:He 177A-5/R7
2114:He 177A-5/R6
2102:He 177A-5/R5
2092:
2086:He 177A-5/R4
2075:
2069:He 177A-5/R2
2059:
2045:He 177A-5/R1
2017:He 177A-3/R7
1999:
1991:
1987:
1981:He 177A-3/R5
1971:
1967:
1962:He 177A-3/R4
1951:
1939:He 177A-3/R3
1929:
1925:
1915:He 177A-3/R2
1903:He 177A-3/R1
1881:
1877:
1872:He 177A-1/U2
1862:
1856:He 177A-1/R4
1846:
1840:He 177A-1/R2
1830:
1811:
1799:
1769:
1753:
1738:
1734:
1718:
1711:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1673:
1664:
1658:
1654:Arado Ar 234
1649:
1645:
1641:
1624:
1621:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1551:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1513:Erhard Milch
1510:
1504:, with four
1493:
1486:Roy Chadwick
1470:
1464:
1445:
1436:
1425:
1422:
1411:
1377:
1368:
1357:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1254:
1237:
1233:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1168:Kriegsmarine
1150:
1142:
1139:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1048:
1036:
1018:
1016:
843:
830:Heinkel-Nord
829:
821:
818:Heinkel-Nord
817:
795:
788:
776:
771:
761:
753:
730:
723:
711:
698:
679:
650:
646:
639:
634:
630:
627:
605:
602:
598:dive bombing
593:
587:
576:Dive bombing
570:
566:
547:
541:
525:MG FF cannon
517:
498:
476:
468:
461:
419:
383:
361:dive bombing
353:
327:
323:
321:
314:
311:
304:
302:
285:
278:Soviet Union
273:
261:
247:
237:
232:
224:
220:
205:
188:
186:
173:
170:World War II
163:
160:heavy bomber
150:
148:
146:
116:First flight
95:Number built
85:Primary user
77:Licensed to
69:Manufacturer
62:heavy bomber
35:He 177 Greif
29:
7569:Unconfirmed
6512:Me 209 (II)
5097:Svenska S 5
2987:Munson 1978
2681:Performance
2673:Propellers:
2663:Powerplant:
2320:He 177 V38
2222:Hecklafette
2180:Hecklafette
1812:/RĂŒstsatz 1
1720:out during
1659:Heinkel-SĂŒd
1642:Heinkel-SĂŒd
1625:Heinkel-SĂŒd
1614:Hecklafette
1609:Hecklafette
1566:Heinkel-Sud
1412:dangerously
1400:Roland Falk
1373:tail moment
1312:Hecklafette
1230:Nebelwerfer
1158:long-range
886:Prototypes
822:Heinkel-SĂŒd
745:mechanism.
290:Ural bomber
60:Long-range
7589:Categories
7044:301 to 349
6508:Me 209 (I)
6461:201 to 300
5847:101 to 200
5139:Aichi AB-5
3910:1853103640
3874:. Mortons.
3719:20 October
2951:References
2731:Power/mass
2630:Wing area:
2335:Hohentwiel
2325:Werknummer
2271:He 177A-10
2150:He 177A-5
1992:Bordkanone
1821:He 177A-1/
1638:Zwölfaxing
1526:Typenblatt
1408:Eric Brown
1242:combat box
1199:Bordkanone
1180:Bordkanone
1176:Stalingrad
978:He 177A-5
922:He 177A-1
903:He 177A-0
840:Production
834:WarnemĂŒnde
708:Prototypes
623:Ernst Udet
590:bombsights
540:He 177A-3
227:("Reich's
5133:Aichi E3A
5071:Strabo 16
4698:1933â1945
4376:Eindecker
3696:usaaf.net
3674:usaaf.net
3649:11 August
3597:"He 277."
3422:3 January
2755:in nose.
2618:Wingspan:
2592:Data from
2385:Luftwaffe
2362:Operators
2253:He 177A-8
2238:He 177A-7
2170:He 177A-6
2167:fighters.
2035:He 177A-5
2025:He 177A-4
1893:He 177A-3
1887:He 177A-2
1878:Zerstörer
1795:He 177A-1
1789:He 177A-0
1743:carrying
1634:on 8 July
1572:Schwechat
1544:V-weapons
1535:twin tail
1531:empennage
1508:engines.
1465:Luftwaffe
1441:Me 264 V1
1143:Zerstörer
1124:with II./
809:meridians
805:parallels
719:elevators
631:Luftwaffe
594:Luftwaffe
481:wing root
422:radiators
402:propeller
319:concept.
286:Luftwaffe
274:Luftwaffe
248:Luftwaffe
221:Luftwaffe
174:Luftwaffe
165:Luftwaffe
89:Luftwaffe
7096:Zwilling
5212:1 to 100
5159:(He 118)
5153:(He 112)
5147:(He 100)
4474:Heinkel
4374:Heinkel
4367:pre-1933
4359:aircraft
4282:Archived
3935:16 April
3689:Archived
3667:Archived
2863:concept.
2857:Bomber B
2851:See also
2838:FuG 203
2830:Avionics
2741:Armament
2547:code of
2529:roundels
2333:FuG 200
2323:An A-5 (
1972:Kehl III
1930:Kutonase
1778:Variants
1764:Staffeln
1540:Big Week
1354:onwards.
1261:coastal
1063:oil pump
1044:cowlings
866:Version
800:He 111 P
557:ailerons
515:casemate
485:rotating
217:nacelles
189:Bomber A
132:Variants
7498:ZSO 523
7458:DFS 468
7443:DFS 446
7409:ZMe 423
7299:DFS 346
7275:WNF 342
7221:DFS 332
7216:DFS 331
7172:ZMe 323
7051:DFS 301
6812:Me 261w
6641:DFS 230
6623:DFS 228
6618:FGP 227
6478:DFS 203
6414:DFS 194
6409:DFS 193
5923:He 111U
5909:Bf 109R
5141:(HD 62)
5135:(HD 56)
5129:(HD 28)
5123:(HD 26)
5117:(HD 25)
5111:(HD 23)
4357:Heinkel
3763:26 July
3640:"Image"
2817:Fritz X
2804:Fritz X
2637:Airfoil
2624:Height:
2612:Length:
2549:F8 + AP
2500:Blagnac
2461:Wekusta
2376:Germany
2353:V-E Day
2299:He 177H
2278:He 177B
2244:Wk. Nr.
2079:cannon.
2052:Fritz X
2010:cannon.
2006:-based
1924:in the
1388:Blagnac
1317:Junkers
1234:Greif's
1112:gearbox
1019:He 177B
796:without
739:Ribnitz
727:Rostock
715:flutter
561:Rechlin
521:gondola
398:nacelle
342:Engines
328:Projekt
324:Projekt
229:lighter
168:during
156:Griffin
124:Retired
103:History
7545:Ju 635
7541:He 635
7537:Do 635
7532:Ar 632
7527:Me 609
7522:Me 600
7517:He 535
7513:Do 535
7503:Ar 532
7488:He 519
7483:Me 510
7478:Me 509
7473:He 500
7468:Fw 491
7463:Ju 488
7453:Me 462
7448:Ju 452
7433:Ar 440
7428:Do 435
7423:Ar 432
7418:Ka 430
7414:Ar 430
7404:He 419
7399:Do 417
7394:Me 410
7389:Me 409
7384:Ta 400
7379:Ar 396
7374:Ar 393
7369:Fw 391
7364:Ju 390
7359:Ju 388
7354:Me 368
7349:Me 364
7344:Me 362
7339:Ju 356
7335:Fi 356
7330:Ju 352
7314:Ba 349
7304:Rk 347
7294:Go 345
7289:So 344
7285:Rk 344
7280:He 343
7265:Ar 340
7260:Fl 339
7250:Ju 337
7245:Fa 336
7240:Do 335
7235:Me 334
7231:Ar 334
7226:Fi 333
7211:Fa 330
7206:Me 329
7201:Me 328
7196:Me 327
7186:Fw 325
7182:Fa 325
7168:Me 323
7163:Ju 322
7158:Me 321
7153:Me 320
7148:He 319
7143:Do 318
7138:Do 317
7128:Hs 315
7103:Me 310
7091:Me 309
7035:Fw 300
7030:Ju 299
7025:Hs 298
7020:Hs 297
7015:Hs 296
7011:Ar 296
7006:Hs 295
7001:Hs 294
6996:Hs 293
6991:Hs 292
6987:As 292
6982:Hs 291
6977:Ju 290
6972:Ju 289
6967:Ju 288
6963:Do 288
6958:Ju 287
6953:Ju 286
6948:Fl 285
6943:Fa 284
6938:Fa 283
6933:Fl 282
6928:He 281
6923:He 280
6918:He 279
6913:He 278
6908:He 277
6903:He 276
6898:He 275
6893:He 274
6888:He 273
6883:He 272
6878:We 271
6873:He 270
6868:Fa 269
6863:Ju 268
6858:Ho 267
6853:Go 266
6849:Fa 266
6844:Me 265
6840:Fl 265
6835:Me 264
6817:Me 262
6808:Me 261
6798:Fw 259
6788:SK 257
6783:Fi 256
6773:Ta 254
6769:Ho 254
6764:Ho 253
6760:Fi 253
6755:Ju 252
6750:Ho 252
6745:Ho 251
6740:Ho 250
6736:BV 250
6731:Ju 248
6721:BV 246
6716:Go 245
6711:Go 244
6706:Me 243
6701:Go 242
6696:Go 241
6691:Ar 240
6681:BV 238
6676:BV 237
6671:Fa 236
6666:Do 235
6661:Ar 234
6656:Ar 233
6651:Ar 232
6646:Ar 231
6632:Ho 229
6628:Go 229
6613:Ho 226
6609:BV 226
6604:Fa 225
6600:Ao 225
6595:Fa 224
6590:Fa 223
6585:BV 222
6580:Do 221
6575:He 220
6570:He 219
6565:Do 218
6560:Hs 217
6556:Do 217
6551:Do 216
6546:Do 215
6541:Do 214
6531:Do 212
6522:HĂŒ 211
6517:Me 210
6503:Me 208
6493:Fw 206
6483:Si 204
6473:Si 202
6468:Si 201
6452:Fw 200
6448:Do 200
6443:Ar 199
6438:Ar 198
6433:Ar 197
6428:Ar 196
6423:Ar 195
6418:Me 194
6405:Ao 193
6400:Ao 192
6395:Fw 191
6390:Fw 190
6385:Fw 189
6380:Ju 188
6376:Fw 188
6371:Ju 187
6367:Fw 187
6362:Ju 186
6358:Fw 186
6353:Fl 185
6348:Fl 184
6343:Ta 183
6339:BĂŒ 183
6334:BĂŒ 182
6329:BĂŒ 181
6324:He 180
6320:BĂŒ 180
6315:He 179
6310:He 178
6305:He 177
6300:He 176
6290:He 174
6285:He 173
6280:He 172
6275:He 171
6270:He 170
6265:Fi 169
6260:Fi 168
6255:Fi 167
6250:FK 166
6246:Fi 166
6241:Bf 165
6231:Me 163
6227:Li 163
6223:Bf 163
6218:He 162
6214:Bf 162
6209:Bf 161
6204:Ju 160
6199:Fw 159
6194:Fi 158
6189:Fi 157
6184:Fi 156
6179:Me 155
6175:Kl 155
6171:BV 155
6166:Ta 154
6162:Kl 154
6157:Ta 153
6153:Kl 153
6148:Ta 152
6144:Kl 152
6139:Kl 151
6134:Go 150
6129:Go 149
6124:Go 148
6119:Ju 147
6115:Go 147
6110:Go 146
6105:Go 145
6100:BV 144
6095:BV 143
6090:BV 142
6085:BV 141
6080:Ha 140
6075:Ha 139
6070:BV 138
6065:Ha 137
6060:HĂŒ 136
6056:Ha 136
6051:Ha 135
6046:BĂŒ 134
6041:BĂŒ 133
6036:Hs 132
6032:BĂŒ 132
6027:BĂŒ 131
6022:Hs 130
6017:Hs 129
6012:Hs 128
6007:Hs 127
6002:Hs 126
5997:Hs 125
5992:Hs 124
5987:Hs 123
5982:Hs 122
5977:Hs 121
5972:He 120
5967:He 119
5962:He 118
5957:Hs 117
5953:He 117
5948:He 116
5943:He 115
5938:He 114
5933:He 113
5928:He 112
5919:He 111
5914:Bf 110
5905:Bf 109
5900:Bf 108
5895:Kl 107
5890:Kl 106
5885:Kl 105
5880:Fh 104
5868:Fi 103
5864:Al 103
5859:Al 102
5854:Al 101
5838:He 100
5834:Fi 100
5714:FZG 76
5548:DFS 54
5454:DFS 40
5445:DFS 39
5105:(HE 8)
5099:(HE 5)
5081:Lerche
5066:P.1080
5061:P.1079
5056:P.1078
5051:P.1077
5046:P.1076
5041:P.1075
5036:P.1074
5031:P.1073
5026:P.1072
5021:P.1071
5016:P.1070
5011:P.1069
5006:P.1068
5001:P.1066
4996:P.1065
4991:P.1064
4986:P.1063
4981:P.1062
4976:P.1060
4971:P.1054
4966:P.1041
4950:He 519
4945:He 419
4940:He 343
4935:He 319
4930:He 280
4925:He 278
4920:He 277
4915:He 275
4910:He 274
4905:He 270
4900:He 220
4895:He 219
4890:He 179
4885:He 178
4880:He 177
4875:He 176
4870:He 172
4865:He 170
4860:He 162
4855:He 120
4850:He 119
4845:He 118
4840:He 116
4835:He 115
4830:He 114
4825:He 113
4820:He 112
4815:He 111
4810:He 100
4241:
4226:
4211:
4186:
4170:
4155:
4118:
4103:
4088:
4073:
4051:
4036:
4021:
3907:
3887:Flight
3127:
3020:
2813:Hs 294
2775:Bombs:
2706:Range:
2557:serial
2513:
2496:SNCASE
2483:France
2480:
2373:
2309:He 179
2266:He 219
2056:Hs 293
2004:KwK 39
1952:Kehl I
1760:Moscow
1552:Oberst
1446:Oberst
1396:KG 100
1384:Maquis
1321:Borsig
1259:Baltic
1195:PaK 40
1172:U-boat
1156:Allied
1118:Oberst
1089:Oberst
1073:Oberst
1009:1,135
997:Total
878:Total
735:Baltic
691:He 274
502:rudder
495:glare.
435:He 100
231:") or
197:Soviet
7508:8-534
7493:8-520
7438:8-445
7309:8-348
7270:8-341
7255:8-338
7191:8-326
7177:8-324
7133:8-316
7123:8-314
7118:8-313
7113:8-312
7108:8-311
7086:8-308
7081:8-307
7076:8-306
7071:8-305
7066:8-304
7061:8-303
7056:8-302
6803:8-260
6793:8-258
6778:8-255
6726:8-247
6686:8-239
6637:8-230
6536:8-213
6527:8-212
6498:8-207
6488:8-205
6295:8-175
5829:Fi 99
5824:Fi 98
5819:Fi 97
5814:Ar 96
5809:Ar 95
5804:Ju 94
5799:Ju 93
5794:Ju 92
5789:Ju 91
5784:Ju 90
5779:Ju 89
5774:Ju 88
5769:Ju 87
5764:Ju 86
5759:Ju 85
5754:Al 84
5739:Ar 81
5734:Ar 80
5729:Ar 79
5724:Ar 78
5719:Ar 77
5710:Ar 76
5705:Al 75
5700:He 74
5695:He 73
5690:He 72
5685:He 71
5676:He 70
5671:Ar 69
5666:Ar 68
5661:Ar 67
5656:He 66
5652:Ar 66
5647:He 65
5643:Ar 65
5638:He 64
5634:Ar 64
5629:He 63
5620:He 62
5616:Fw 62
5611:He 61
5607:Fw 61
5603:Fa 61
5598:Ju 60
5594:He 60
5589:He 59
5584:He 58
5580:Fw 58
5575:Fw 57
5566:Fw 56
5561:NR 55
5557:Fw 55
5552:NR 54
5543:Ju 53
5538:Ju 52
5534:He 52
5529:He 51
5524:Ju 50
5520:He 50
5515:Ju 49
5511:He 49
5506:Ju 48
5501:He 47
5497:Fw 47
5492:Ju 46
5488:He 46
5483:He 45
5478:Fw 44
5473:Fw 43
5468:He 42
5464:Fw 42
5459:He 41
5450:BV 40
5440:Ju 38
5436:He 38
5431:He 37
5426:Kl 36
5421:Kl 35
5416:Ju 34
5411:Ju 33
5406:Kl 32
5401:Kl 31
5396:Fw 30
5391:Do 29
5377:Kl 27
5373:Do 27
5364:Kl 26
5360:Do 26
5355:Kl 25
5351:Do 25
5346:Do 24
5341:Do 23
5336:Do 22
5326:Do 20
5321:Do 19
5316:Do 18
5311:Do 17
5306:Wn 16
5302:Do 16
5297:Do 15
5292:Do 14
5287:Do 13
5282:Do 12
5273:Wn 11
5269:Do 11
5264:Do 10
5244:DFS 6
5076:Wespe
4805:He 74
4800:He 72
4795:He 71
4790:He 70
4785:He 66
4780:He 65
4775:He 64
4770:He 63
4765:He 62
4760:He 61
4755:He 60
4750:He 59
4745:He 58
4740:He 57
4735:He 52
4730:He 51
4725:He 50
4720:He 49
4715:He 47
4710:He 46
4705:He 45
4680:HD 66
4675:HD 63
4670:HD 62
4665:HD 61
4660:HD 60
4655:HD 59
4650:HD 56
4645:HD 55
4640:HD 50
4635:HD 49
4630:HD 46
4625:HD 45
4620:HD 44
4615:HD 43
4610:HD 42
4605:HD 41
4600:HD 40
4595:HD 39
4590:HD 38
4585:HD 37
4580:HD 36
4575:HD 35
4570:HD 34
4565:HD 33
4560:HD 32
4555:HD 30
4550:HD 29
4545:HD 28
4540:HD 27
4535:HD 26
4530:HD 25
4525:HD 24
4520:HD 23
4515:HD 22
4510:HD 21
4505:HD 20
4500:HD 19
4495:HD 17
4490:HD 16
4485:HD 15
4465:HE 64
4460:HE 58
4455:HE 57
4450:HE 31
4445:HE 18
4440:HE 14
4435:HE 12
4430:HE 10
3713:(PDF)
3416:(PDF)
3405:(PDF)
2844:MCLOS
2749:Guns:
2606:Crew:
2560:TS439
2275:1943.
1712:Armee
1702:Greif
1674:Spatz
1650:Greif
1592:Greif
1494:Greif
1429:'
1426:Greif
1364:pitch
1308:YB-40
1246:USAAF
1222:BR 21
1126:KG 40
1049:Greif
813:globe
811:on a
635:Stuka
606:Stuka
553:flaps
469:Greif
380:unit.
151:Greif
98:1,169
79:Arado
5749:8-83
5744:8-82
5681:8-71
5625:8-63
5571:8-57
5387:8-29
5382:8-28
5369:8-27
5331:8-21
5278:8-12
5259:Gö 9
5254:Gö 8
5239:Fi 5
5224:Fi 2
5204:list
4425:HE 9
4420:HE 8
4415:HE 7
4410:HE 6
4405:HE 5
4400:HE 4
4395:HE 3
4390:HE 2
4385:HE 1
4239:ISBN
4224:ISBN
4209:ISBN
4184:ISBN
4168:ISBN
4153:ISBN
4116:ISBN
4101:ISBN
4086:ISBN
4071:ISBN
4049:ISBN
4034:ISBN
4019:ISBN
3937:2019
3905:ISBN
3765:2024
3721:2019
3651:2023
3424:2016
3125:ISBN
3018:ISBN
2665:2 Ă
2465:OBdL
2218:Bola
2214:Bola
2197:Kehl
2176:Bola
2093:Kehl
2076:Bola
2060:Kehl
2054:and
2008:BK 5
2000:Bola
1968:Bola
1926:Bola
1882:Bola
1863:Bola
1847:Bola
1831:Bola
1800:Bola
1710:6th
1604:Bola
1588:Bola
1394:and
1392:KG 4
1362:and
1334:Bola
1303:Bola
1203:Bola
1187:Bola
1183:BK 5
1151:Bola
1054:spar
1006:721
1003:391
989:350
986:279
970:365
967:148
964:217
951:247
948:159
932:130
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