980:
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482:
2967:
156:
865:
144:
276:
315:" type, without a movable visor. Heraldic helmets became diversified with the development of dedicated jousting armor during the 15th and 16th centuries. Jousting was abandoned as a courtly practice in the early years of the 17th century, and since then the various types of heraldic helmets are purely driven by convention, and no longer tied to improvements or fashions in
1334:
1318:
322:
The practice of indicating rank through the display of barred or open-face helmets appears around 1615. As jousting with lances was supplanted by tourneying with maces, the object being to knock the opponent's crest off his helmet, the fully enclosed helmet gave way to helmets with enlarged visual
545:
regarding helmets diverge greatly from the
Western European tradition. Alongside the traditional Western open helmet (silver with gold details for titled nobility, steel with gold details for everyone else), as well as the closed helmet sometimes granted by the state, "ethnic" helmets were also in
356:
In continental Europe, multiple helmets were usually turned inward, with the center helm (if an odd number) turned affronté; while in
Scandinavian heraldry the helmets were usually turned outward. Heraldic combinations were driven to extremes in the 18th century, e.g. the arms of the last
532:
for helmets also attempted in the later period to standardize the shape of the helmet depending on the rank, with for instance helmets turned to the left (i.e., pointing to the right) for bastards, or open golden helmets for kings and emperors (the sovereign must see and know everything).
589:
888:
834:
323:
openings with only a few bars to protect the face. These barred helmets were restricted by the imperial chancellery in Vienna to the nobility and certain doctors of law or theology, while the jousting helm was freely adopted by anyone.
1015:
979:
800:, helmets play a little role and are not blazoned; therefore, the armiger can display their helm in whatever style they choose. One notable example of a non-traditional helmet used in Canadian heraldry is the arms of
991:
858:, barred helms are most commonly used, and are not reserved for the nobility like in some jurisdictions. They most often have gold bars, as well as a gold collar and trim. They are often lined and attached.
1003:
326:
The direction a helmet faces and the number of bars on the grille has been ascribed special significance in later manuals, but this is not a period practice. A king's helmet, a golden helmet shown
404:
636:
in modern
Russian heraldic language), but only in their simplest forms, and stripped of any details that may be perceived as symbols of nobility. For Western helmets, this means using commoner
659:
Both in
Imperial and republican Russian heraldry, the direction of the helmet plays no role: whether the helmet is portrayed affronty or turned to the right depends on the shape of the
922:
934:
644:
are to be used without nasal bars, cheekpieces, or neck guards, which were sometimes found on older "ethnic" helmets. On the other hand, a commoner helmet may be complemented with a
958:
758:
245:
to which the bearer has a right. For this reason, the helmets and crests in German and Nordic arms are considered essential to the coat of arms and are never separated from it.
946:
656:, none of these restrictions apply to direct descendants of old Russian aristocracy, who can use the same helmets as their ancestors alongside the rest of their family arms.
353:, where multiple crests appear frequently after the 16th century, each crest is always treated as inseparable from its own helmet and turned in agreement with the helmet.
584:
629:
252:
typically assume closed helms. While these classifications remained relatively constant, the specific forms of all these helmets varied and evolved over time.
708:
522:
776:
389:
692:
728:
366:
685:
299:
of the second half of the 13th century do not include helmets. Helmets are shown as an integral part of coats in the first half of the 14th century (
742:
3203:
184:
565:. These followed their own color system, not corresponding with the use of tinctures for Western helmets: non-titled nobles would use a steel
345:
would not be misplaced even above a shield which had no crest to place above it. When multiple crests need to be depicted, the convention in
551:
1263:
669:
1302:
765:
607:
1289:
4202:
435:
The usage of heraldic helmets in
Britain is as follows: gold helmet with bars for the royal family; silver helmet with gold bars for
341:
in an achievement of arms, but was naturally assumed by appropriate rank as a matter of "inherent right", so a helmet with torse and
3971:
3870:
505:
1657:
3941:
3936:
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1999:
697:
469:
493:
1963:
648:
below. All colors except for steel are forbidden, with the exception of the lining, for which other tinctures may be used (
1330:
1314:
895:
1250:
3931:
1429:
177:
876:
3956:
3011:
1401:
1389:
1382:
1363:
864:
248:
Open-visored or barred helmets are typically reserved for the highest ranks of nobility, while lesser nobility and
1021:
Hat sable with cords sable and argent and one tassel sable per side, used by
Anglican priests in place of a helmet
844:
notably features an astronaut helmet, which would be considered nontraditional in most other heraldic traditions.
556:
3734:
3063:
894:
Jousting or tourney helms are sometimes also used, but are rarer. They are the only alternative accepted by the
1715:
3496:
4207:
2976:
436:
222:
170:
4137:
2237:
2232:
1276:
997:
Hat sable with cords purpure and three tassels gules per side, used by
Anglican deans in place of a helmet
985:
Hat sable with cords purpure and three tassels per side, used by
Anglican archdeacons in place of a helmet
928:
Galero gules with fifteen tassels per side, used by cardinals in place of a helmet (and patriarchal cross)
747:
612:
3603:
3578:
3123:
964:
Galero sable with one tassel per side (and blank shield), used by armigerous priests in place of a helmet
825:
2102:
3714:
3558:
3073:
940:
Galero vert with ten tassels per side, used by archbishops in place of a helmet (and patriarchal cross)
805:
3441:
3128:
1351:
952:
Galero vert with six tassels per side, used by bishops in place of a helmet (and single-barred cross)
562:
527:
3093:
2796:
2292:
1819:
4096:
4008:
3678:
3623:
3298:
3138:
2959:
2921:
2313:
2252:
2192:
1579:
1524:
1489:
362:
256:
2814:
2763:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
4106:
3916:
3764:
3563:
1695:
1672:
1628:
1567:
1422:
440:
238:
109:
34:
2591:
4169:
3673:
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3573:
3248:
3213:
3193:
3118:
3083:
3004:
1700:
1650:
1645:
1623:
1507:
909:
370:
210:
53:
3784:
3779:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3553:
3396:
3278:
3183:
3133:
2819:
1606:
1572:
1464:
291:
The evolution of heraldic helmet shape followed the evolution of helmet design, especially
1264:
Wallace, Stephen
Gregory (Individual), Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada
234:
8:
3729:
3588:
3303:
3103:
3048:
2677:
2475:
2457:
2247:
1830:
1782:
1757:
1459:
1277:
Eppich, Helmut
Michael (Individual), Public Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges of Canada
1009:
Hat sable with three tassels gules per side, used by Anglican canons in place of a helmet
595:
452:
229:, and these styles developed over time, in step with the development of actual military
4038:
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3814:
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3108:
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1978:
1968:
1905:
1880:
1815:
1790:
1762:
1662:
1449:
1370:
970:
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origin who were integrated in the Empire were also allowed an ethnic helmet, usually a
561:, the "cap of Jericho", a medieval conical Slavic helmet similar to the Middle Eastern
481:
331:
1303:
Munn, Kenneth Angus (Individual), Public Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges of Canada
1183:
307:
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2719:
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2333:
1938:
1810:
1749:
1727:
1589:
1541:
1415:
1397:
1378:
1359:
817:
797:
129:
116:
23:
349:
is to draw the crests above a single helmet, each being separated from it, while in
4212:
4181:
4086:
3850:
3840:
3476:
3163:
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2600:
2556:
2544:
2465:
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2072:
2019:
2014:
1948:
1933:
1875:
1840:
1690:
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1618:
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1512:
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542:
346:
218:
102:
74:
60:
3951:
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330:
with the visor raised, crowned with a royal crown, became adopted by the kings of
4050:
4028:
3613:
3527:
3451:
3391:
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2413:
2398:
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2009:
1973:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1800:
1772:
1546:
1469:
1251:
Payette, Julie (Individual), Public Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges of Canada
916:
instead of a helmet, which is considered too belligerent for men in holy orders.
350:
327:
160:
2632:
2087:
123:
4111:
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1529:
1517:
719:
547:
3875:
3754:
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3618:
1290:
Irniq, Peter (Individual), Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada
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1454:
841:
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739:
338:
301:
226:
2318:
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3318:
3308:
3243:
3088:
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Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)
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2744:
2403:
2308:
1943:
1870:
1835:
1680:
1613:
1536:
1474:
1228:
1217:Медведев М.Ю. Геральдика // Специальные исторические дисциплины. СПб, 2003.
813:
423:
249:
137:
42:
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2062:
2041:
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3522:
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3466:
3366:
3218:
3053:
2938:
2780:
2277:
2257:
2125:
2004:
1767:
973:
entitled to a coat of arms use a similar black hat in place of a helmet.
316:
2753:
2350:
1825:
1207:
764:
Commoner ethnic helmet: coat of arms of Vladimir Kopelev, knight of the
4070:
3895:
3759:
3628:
3598:
3583:
3431:
3426:
3401:
2438:
2428:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2323:
2197:
2155:
2135:
2107:
2097:
1484:
782:
Commoner Western helmet: coat of arms of Nikolai Likhachev, citizen of
637:
312:
2772:
4065:
4033:
3911:
3593:
3568:
3446:
3288:
2839:
2443:
2423:
2418:
2227:
2212:
2029:
1734:
809:
645:
603:
546:
use, not found anywhere else. From the 19th century onwards, ancient
460:
419:
267:
or another rank-appropriate ecclesiastical hat in place of a helmet.
67:
2082:
1958:
237:, two or three helmets (and sometimes more) may be used in a single
4159:
4101:
3961:
3709:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3323:
2928:
2470:
2355:
2282:
2262:
2207:
2150:
2145:
2140:
1710:
1438:
783:
396:
358:
342:
296:
292:
198:
88:
31:
2689:
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640:
as opposed to the more aristocratic open and close helmets, while
569:
with silver details, barons and counts steel with golden details,
4154:
4001:
3411:
3351:
2580:
2338:
2272:
2242:
2222:
2217:
2202:
2182:
2036:
2024:
1994:
1953:
1917:
1850:
1805:
1601:
1562:
676:
456:
448:
415:
411:
284:
280:
275:
143:
3926:
3860:
3809:
3804:
3794:
3739:
3633:
3471:
3461:
3421:
3416:
3020:
2916:
2890:
2665:
2497:
2287:
2177:
2160:
2130:
1910:
1865:
1855:
1596:
1479:
1231:Основные принципы оформления личного герба в современной России
913:
444:
260:
230:
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2532:
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1860:
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821:
571:
264:
214:
81:
1167:
3719:
2636:
1845:
1407:
242:
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221:. The style of helmet displayed varies according to
395:Open or barred helmet, reserved for members of the
439:; steel helmet with gold bars for the non-peerage
373:topped with a record thirteen helmets and crests.
369:, r. 1737–1791) consist of a shield with 21
367:Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
4194:
1350:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1080:
1056:
632:allows both Western and ethnic helmets (called
1369:
1155:
1107:
1092:
812:'s helmet as the helm. Other examples include
621:in shape but rounder and with an obtuse tip.
598:(once mistakenly believed to have belonged to
337:Historically, the helmet was not specifically
295:helmets, from the 14th to 16th centuries. The
3005:
1423:
1388:
1236:
1229:
1215:
1208:
1068:
1039:
870:Barred helm with gold bars, collar, and trim.
178:
41:External devices in addition to the central
912:, clerics entitled to a coat of arms use a
691:Closed Western helmet: coat of arms of the
279:Crown-headed helmet in the coat of arms of
3012:
2998:
1430:
1416:
185:
171:
675:Open Western helmet: coat of arms of the
575:families silver with golden details. The
410:Closed or tilting helm, used by medieval
602:, hence the name). Asian noble families
443:; open steel helmet shown affronté for
274:
1256:
1243:
1168:Iain Moncrieffe; Don Pottinger (1953).
1052:
1050:
1048:
4195:
1375:Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning
1269:
1170:Simple Heraldry Cheerfully Illustrated
1103:
1101:
2993:
1411:
1396:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1282:
1172:. Thomas Nelson and Sons. p. 58.
1377:. Maidenhead, England: McGraw-Hill.
1295:
1210:Структура герба: российская практика
1045:
1331:Council of Heraldry and Vexillology
1315:Council of Heraldry and Vexillology
1184:"Héraldique : base de données"
1098:
896:Council of Heraldry and Vexillology
311:). These helmets are still of the "
13:
14:
4224:
903:
430:
233:. In some traditions, especially
4203:External devices in achievements
2965:
2631:
2599:
1354:; Graham Johnston (1909, 2004).
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
969:In the same way, clerics of the
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945:
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887:
875:
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833:
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727:
707:
684:
668:
504:
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480:
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403:
388:
376:
154:
142:
1392:; John Martin Robinson (1988).
1324:
1308:
1238:Гражданская геральдика сегодня.
1222:
1201:
1176:
1161:
1149:
594:, based on the royal helmet of
1137:
1125:
1113:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1033:
1:
1344:
718:: lesser coat of arms of the
2722:(metal in the United States)
1437:
1394:The Oxford Guide to Heraldry
1356:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
840:The armorial achievement of
451:; steel tournament helm for
7:
3579:Helmet Steel Airborne Troop
3019:
826:United Nations peacekeeping
767:For Merit to the Fatherland
10:
4229:
3715:Czechoslovak Vz. 53 Helmet
1352:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles
849:
806:governor general of Canada
585:helmet of Alexander Nevsky
550:families began to use the
455:; closed steel helmet for
414:, also adopted by English
381:
270:
235:German and Nordic heraldry
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1445:
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1230:
1216:
1209:
791:
536:
516:
1358:. Kessinger Publishing.
1026:
630:Russian Heraldic Council
2960:List of oldest heraldry
882:All silver barred helm.
257:ecclesiastical heraldry
3917:Advanced Combat Helmet
738:: coat of arms of the
288:
283:, the capital city of
241:, each representing a
209:is situated above the
4009:Boxing / Martial Arts
910:Roman Catholic Church
898:to the barred helmet.
579:itself used a unique
441:Scottish feudal baron
278:
4208:Headgear in heraldry
3559:M32 (Czechoslovakia)
511:Esquire or Gentleman
453:Scottish clan chiefs
259:, bishops and other
3730:Romanian M73 helmet
3684:M1918 (Switzerland)
3604:Mk II talker helmet
3569:Stahlhelm (Germany)
3124:Henry VIII's Horned
2972:Heraldry portal
2399:Hastings/Hungerford
1686:Crowns and coronets
1658:National traditions
1371:Neubecker, Ottfried
363:Brandenburg-Ansbach
239:achievement of arms
161:Heraldry portal
3967:Lightweight Helmet
3442:Lobster-tailed pot
2356:Waterlily/Seeblatt
1580:Ancient and modern
971:Anglican Communion
818:Corinthian helmets
626:Russian Federation
523:heraldic tradition
475:Monarch and family
289:
201:achievements, the
4190:
4189:
4029:Gridiron football
3985:
3984:
3639:SSh-39 and SSh-40
3574:M1934/39 (Greece)
2987:
2986:
2828:
2827:
2766:(color in Canada)
2452:
2451:
1144:Fox-Davies (1909)
1132:Fox-Davies (1909)
1120:Fox-Davies (1909)
1081:Fox-Davies (1909)
1057:Fox-Davies (1909)
808:, which bears an
798:Canadian heraldry
693:Skornyakov family
652:is recommended).
617:, similar to the
499:Baronet or Knight
195:
194:
4220:
3624:M1940 (Portugal)
3299:Late Roman ridge
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2481:
2466:Rule of tincture
2183:Griffin/Keythong
1779:
1778:
1470:Officers of arms
1432:
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1409:
1408:
1404:
1390:Woodcock, Thomas
1385:
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1188:www.euraldic.com
1180:
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1156:Neubecker (1976)
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1108:Neubecker (1976)
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1093:Neubecker (1976)
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1037:
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856:Belgian heraldry
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731:
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616:
600:Alexander Nevsky
593:
577:House of Romanov
560:
543:Russian heraldry
531:
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472:
422:, as well as on
407:
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347:English heraldry
187:
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19:
18:
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4107:Riot protection
4075:
3981:
3932:ECH (Australia)
3900:
3824:
3693:
3689:Type 92 Tetsubo
3614:Netherlands M34
3564:M1923 (Denmark)
3532:
3528:Tarleton helmet
3501:
3334:
3328:
3223:
3079:Coventry Sallet
3031:
3029:
3023:
3018:
2988:
2983:
2966:
2964:
2948:
2900:
2824:
2806:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2759:
2749:
2741:
2738:
2730:
2725:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2694:
2686:
2683:
2674:
2671:
2662:
2659:
2648:
2586:
2577:
2574:
2565:
2562:
2553:
2550:
2541:
2538:
2529:
2526:
2515:
2506:
2503:
2494:
2491:
2480:
2448:
2414:Hungerford knot
2384:Cavendish/Savoy
2360:
2297:
2112:
2046:
1983:
1922:
1777:
1744:
1667:
1551:
1496:
1441:
1436:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1325:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1244:
1227:
1223:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1099:
1095:, pp. 148, 162.
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1069:Woodcock (1988)
1067:
1063:
1055:
1046:
1040:Woodcock (1988)
1038:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1010:
1007:
998:
995:
986:
983:
965:
962:
953:
950:
941:
938:
929:
926:
906:
899:
892:
883:
880:
871:
868:
852:
845:
838:
794:
787:
780:
771:
762:
753:
745:
732:
723:
712:
703:
695:
689:
680:
673:
610:
587:
554:
539:
525:
519:
512:
509:
500:
497:
488:
485:
476:
473:
433:
426:
408:
399:
393:
384:
379:
351:German heraldry
308:Zürich armorial
273:
191:
155:
153:
148:
147:
141:
134:
120:
113:
106:
99:
92:
85:
78:
71:
64:
57:
17:
16:Heraldic device
12:
11:
5:
4226:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4170:American fiber
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3705:Bangtan Helmet
3701:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:M1937 (Sweden)
3671:
3669:M1926 (Sweden)
3666:
3661:
3659:M1942 Modelo Z
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3554:M36 (Bulgaria)
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3214:Witcham Gravel
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3104:Guilden Morden
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3084:Crosby Garrett
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2896:Trophy of arms
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2855:banner of arms
2847:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2767:
2757:
2747:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2713:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2681:
2669:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2572:
2560:
2548:
2536:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2501:
2488:
2486:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2439:Tristram/Bowen
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1525:Ecclesiastical
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1386:
1367:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1323:
1307:
1294:
1281:
1268:
1255:
1242:
1221:
1200:
1175:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1134:, pp. 322-323.
1124:
1112:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1044:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1001:
999:
996:
989:
987:
984:
977:
967:
966:
963:
956:
954:
951:
944:
942:
939:
932:
930:
927:
920:
905:
904:Ecclesiastical
902:
901:
900:
893:
886:
884:
881:
874:
872:
869:
862:
851:
848:
847:
846:
839:
832:
793:
790:
789:
788:
781:
774:
772:
763:
756:
754:
743:Chingis family
733:
726:
724:
720:Russian Empire
713:
706:
704:
690:
683:
681:
674:
667:
624:In the modern
538:
535:
518:
515:
514:
513:
510:
503:
501:
498:
491:
489:
486:
479:
477:
474:
467:
432:
431:United Kingdom
429:
428:
427:
409:
402:
400:
394:
387:
383:
380:
378:
375:
272:
269:
213:and bears the
193:
192:
190:
189:
182:
175:
167:
164:
163:
150:
149:
135:
121:
114:
107:
100:
93:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:
51:
50:
49:
46:
45:
38:
37:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4225:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4097:Firefighter's
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Hełm wz. 2005
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3881:Hełm wz. 2000
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:Hungarian M70
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3679:L'Eplattenier
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3654:M1934 (Spain)
3652:
3650:
3649:M1926 (Spain)
3647:
3645:
3644:M1921 (Spain)
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3397:Germanic boar
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:Falling buffe
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3184:Staffordshire
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2945:
2944:Sigillography
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2758:
2755:
2748:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2682:
2679:
2670:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2573:
2570:
2561:
2558:
2549:
2546:
2537:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2502:
2499:
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2314:Laurel wreath
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2171:
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2159:
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2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
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2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1986:
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1977:
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1967:
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1478:
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1473:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:Grant of arms
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1403:
1402:0-19-211658-4
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:0-07-046308-5
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1364:1-4179-0630-8
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1332:
1327:
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917:
915:
911:
897:
890:
885:
878:
873:
866:
861:
860:
859:
857:
843:
842:Julie Payette
836:
831:
830:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:nasal helmets
811:
807:
803:
802:Julie Payette
799:
785:
778:
773:
769:
768:
760:
755:
749:
744:
741:
737:
734:Aristocratic
730:
725:
721:
717:
714:Aristocratic
710:
705:
699:
694:
687:
682:
678:
671:
666:
665:
664:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
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631:
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609:
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601:
597:
591:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:
568:
564:
558:
553:
549:
544:
541:The norms of
534:
529:
524:
507:
502:
495:
490:
483:
478:
471:
466:
465:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
425:
421:
417:
413:
406:
401:
398:
391:
386:
385:
377:By traditions
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
324:
320:
318:
314:
310:
309:
304:
303:
302:Codex Manesse
298:
294:
286:
282:
277:
268:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:social status
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
188:
183:
181:
176:
174:
169:
168:
166:
165:
162:
152:
151:
145:
140:
139:
132:
131:
126:
125:
119:
118:
112:
111:
105:
104:
98:
97:
91:
90:
84:
83:
77:
76:
70:
69:
63:
62:
56:
55:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4145:Heraldic use
4144:
4133:Helmet cover
3905:2001–present
3735:Mº 44 E.T.A.
3589:M42 Duperite
3487:Takula tofao
3437:Lamellenhelm
3335:Early Modern
3333:Medieval and
3304:Montefortino
3049:Benty Grange
2934:Phaleristics
2867:Roll of arms
2833:Applications
2745:Bleu celeste
2731:Rare colours
2424:Ormonde/Wake
2309:Fleur-de-lis
1871:Inescutcheon
1836:Crozier head
1705:
1681:Coat of arms
1568:Augmentation
1475:King of Arms
1393:
1374:
1355:
1335:(Read online
1326:
1319:(Read online
1310:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1224:
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1169:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1035:
968:
907:
853:
795:
766:
735:
715:
658:
653:
641:
633:
623:
618:
580:
570:
566:
540:
520:
434:
424:burgher arms
355:
336:
325:
321:
306:
300:
290:
254:
247:
206:
202:
196:
138:Coat of arms
136:
128:
122:
115:
108:
101:
95:
94:
87:
80:
73:
66:
59:
52:
43:coat of arms
3922:BK-3 helmet
3876:Hełm wz. 93
3800:Paratrooper
3785:Modèle 1978
3780:Modèle 1951
3755:Hełm wz. 67
3750:Hełm wz. 63
3745:Hełm wz. 50
3619:Hełm wz. 31
3584:M33 (Italy)
3523:Pith helmet
3518:Pickelhaube
3506:Late Modern
3482:Spangenhelm
3467:Pickelhaube
3367:Cervelliere
3249:Boar's tusk
3109:Guisborough
3074:Coțofenești
2939:Vexillology
2700:Rare metals
2680:(blood red)
2278:Winged lion
2258:Sea-griffin
2193:Hippocampus
2126:Allocamelus
1768:Fimbriation
1696:Compartment
1673:Achievement
1641:Marshalling
1607:distinction
1465:Law of arms
1450:Authorities
824:hoods, and
804:, a former
746: [
696: [
638:kettle hats
611: [
588: [
583:called the
555: [
526: [
521:The French
371:quarterings
110:Compartment
54:Escutcheon
35:achievement
4197:Categories
4056:Motorcycle
4039:Revolution
4024:Equestrian
3851:M90 (Iraq)
3432:Kulah khud
3392:Frog-mouth
3269:Corinthian
3259:Chalcidian
3189:Sutton Hoo
3174:Ribchester
3134:Iron Gates
3129:Horncastle
3099:Gjermundbu
3069:Coppergate
3059:Canterbury
3030:historical
3028:Individual
2884:equestrian
2668:(mulberry)
2394:Harrington
2324:Quatrefoil
2253:Salamander
2198:Hippogriff
2156:Cockatrice
2136:Amphiptere
2108:Wolfsangel
2088:Portcullis
2000:Black swan
1954:Camelopard
1783:Ordinaries
1701:Escutcheon
1651:impalement
1646:quartering
1629:variations
1547:Attributed
1485:pursuivant
1345:References
716:yerikhonka
619:yerikhonka
604:non-Slavic
581:yerikhonka
567:yerikhonka
552:yerikhonka
313:great helm
22:Part of a
4182:Zuckerman
4138:Mitznefet
4087:Custodian
4066:Scrum cap
4034:Eyeshield
3912:A2 Helmet
3829:1980–2000
3815:Swiss M71
3698:1945–1980
3537:1914–1945
3407:Hounskull
3289:Kegelhelm
2977:resources
2922:socialist
2845:Hatchment
2840:Bookplate
2820:Carnation
2807:Realistic
2620:Erminites
2458:Tinctures
2409:Hinckaert
2374:Bourchier
2228:Ouroboros
2213:Manticore
2118:Legendary
2093:Reremouse
2030:Przepaska
1959:Hind/stag
1949:Dog/hound
1758:Attitudes
1735:Supporter
1663:Societies
1624:divisions
1573:abatement
1333:handbook
1317:handbook
1158:, p. 165.
1146:, p. 323.
1110:, p. 148.
1083:, p. 319.
1059:, p. 303.
1042:, p. 202.
828:helmets.
810:astronaut
646:mail coif
596:Michael I
461:gentlemen
420:gentlemen
359:margraves
297:armorials
68:Supporter
4160:Tarnhelm
4102:Hard hat
4051:Lacrosse
3990:Athletic
3962:KH-B2000
3937:ECH (US)
3765:M76 Para
3710:CABAL II
3382:Enclosed
3362:Burgonet
3357:Bascinet
3347:Aventail
3324:Shmarjet
3314:Phrygian
3284:Imperial
3279:Illyrian
3254:Boeotian
3209:Waterloo
3204:Venetian
3179:Shorwell
3159:Nijmegen
3154:Newstead
3114:Hallaton
3094:Gevninge
3064:Ciumeşti
3039:Agighiol
2929:Logotype
2872:Illyrian
2754:Brunâtre
2678:Sanguine
2615:Erminois
2583:(purple)
2476:Hatching
2471:Tricking
2434:Stafford
2334:Shamrock
2283:Woodwose
2263:Sea-lion
2233:Pantheon
2208:Lindworm
2151:Chollima
2146:Biscione
2141:Basilisk
2063:Crapaudy
1964:Kangaroo
1826:Componée
1820:Łękawica
1716:pavilion
1711:Mantling
1590:courtesy
1585:Alliance
1513:dominion
1508:National
1439:Heraldry
1373:(1976).
1193:28 March
1122:, p. 58.
1071:, p. 75.
784:Peterhof
736:misyurka
608:misyurka
457:esquires
449:baronets
416:esquires
397:nobility
343:mantling
328:affronté
293:jousting
250:burghers
199:heraldic
89:Mantling
32:Heraldic
4213:Helmets
4155:Mahiole
4112:Welding
4019:Cricket
4014:Bicycle
4002:Coolflo
3997:Batting
3891:SPECTRA
3820:Type 66
3513:Dragoon
3477:Secrete
3412:Jingasa
3377:Dragoon
3352:Barbute
3237:Ancient
3169:Pioneer
3144:Meyrick
3139:Lokrume
3032:helmets
3021:Helmets
2905:Related
2773:Cendrée
2756:(brown)
2610:Ermines
2581:Purpure
2571:(green)
2547:(black)
2520:Colours
2500:(white)
2404:Heneage
2346:Thistle
2339:Trefoil
2273:Unicorn
2248:Phoenix
2243:Pegasus
2238:Panther
2223:Musimon
2218:Mermaid
2203:Lampago
2173:Enfield
2166:Chinese
2103:Serpent
2098:Scallop
2068:Dolphin
2042:Pelican
2037:Martlet
2025:Szaszor
1995:Alerion
1969:Leopard
1944:Bull/ox
1918:Saltire
1906:Roundel
1881:Lozenge
1851:Flaunch
1816:Chevron
1806:Bordure
1791:Annulet
1763:Erasure
1750:Charges
1614:Canting
1602:Cadency
1563:Armiger
1537:Burgher
1490:private
1460:History
908:In the
850:Belgium
679:family.
677:Pushkin
654:However
650:purpure
642:sheloms
634:sheloms
563:shishak
548:Russian
445:knights
412:knights
382:General
339:granted
332:Prussia
317:armoury
285:Estonia
281:Tallinn
271:History
231:helmets
4177:Winged
4150:Horned
4128:Flight
4092:Diving
4061:Racing
4046:Hockey
3927:QGF-03
3861:M59/85
3810:SSh-68
3805:SSh-60
3795:OR-201
3740:M59/85
3664:SSK 90
3634:SSh-36
3609:Mk III
3549:Brodie
3544:Adrian
3497:Viking
3492:Turban
3472:Sallet
3462:Paseki
3452:Morion
3427:Kettle
3422:Katapu
3417:Kabuto
3264:Coolus
3229:Combat
3164:Peretu
3149:Nemiya
3119:Hellvi
2917:Emblem
2891:Tabard
2815:Proper
2794:
2789:Orange
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2760:
2752:
2750:
2742:
2739:
2718:
2716:
2711:Copper
2708:
2687:
2684:
2675:
2672:
2666:Murrey
2663:
2660:
2653:Stains
2642:Potent
2605:Ermine
2578:
2575:
2566:
2563:
2559:(blue)
2554:
2551:
2542:
2539:
2530:
2527:
2512:(gold)
2507:
2504:
2498:Argent
2495:
2492:
2485:Metals
2351:Turnip
2302:Plants
2288:Wyvern
2178:Garuda
2161:Dragon
2131:Alphyn
1927:Beasts
1911:Bezant
1866:Hamade
1856:Goutte
1811:Canton
1728:slogan
1706:Helmet
1597:Blazon
1556:Topics
1480:herald
1400:
1381:
1362:
914:galero
792:Canada
770:order.
740:Kazakh
628:, the
537:Russia
517:France
263:use a
261:clergy
211:shield
203:helmet
130:slogan
117:Charge
96:Helmet
24:series
4121:Other
3886:Sfera
3871:PASGT
3856:JK 96
3846:GOLFO
3836:CG634
3790:MPC-1
3770:Mk IV
3457:Nasal
3447:Mempo
3402:Great
3372:Close
3342:Armet
3319:Pilos
3309:Negau
3294:Konos
3274:Galea
3244:Attic
3199:Veksø
3194:Tjele
3089:Emesa
3044:Agris
2862:Badge
2781:Ochre
2690:Tenné
2557:Azure
2545:Sable
2535:(red)
2533:Gules
2429:Savoy
2389:Dacre
2379:Bowen
2366:Knots
2268:Tyger
2188:Harpy
2073:Emmet
2051:Other
2020:Eagle
1988:Birds
1876:Label
1861:Gyron
1841:Chief
1831:Cross
1773:Lines
1740:Torse
1723:Motto
1691:Crest
1636:Fraud
1619:Field
1542:Women
1530:papal
1518:civic
1501:Types
1027:Notes
822:parka
750:]
700:]
661:crest
615:]
592:]
572:knyaz
559:]
530:]
437:peers
265:mitre
219:crest
215:torse
124:Motto
103:Crown
82:Torse
75:Crest
61:Field
4165:Pith
4080:Work
3977:Mk 7
3972:MICH
3957:IHPS
3947:6B47
3942:FAST
3775:Mk 6
3720:GK80
3219:Yarm
3054:Broe
2879:Seal
2850:Flag
2797:Rose
2764:Buff
2720:Buff
2637:Vair
2625:Pean
2592:Furs
2569:Vert
2444:Wake
2419:Lacy
2329:Rose
2293:Yale
2083:Lucy
2015:Dove
2010:Crow
2005:Cock
1979:Wolf
1974:Lion
1939:Boar
1934:Bear
1901:Pile
1896:Pall
1891:Pale
1886:Orle
1846:Fess
1801:Bend
1398:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1195:2024
487:Peer
459:and
447:and
418:and
243:fief
225:and
223:rank
217:and
207:helm
127:(or
4071:Ski
3896:6B7
3866:M87
3841:M92
3760:M63
3629:RAC
3599:M1C
2912:Mon
2319:Oak
2078:Ged
2058:Bee
1796:Bar
854:In
796:In
463:.
361:of
334:.
255:In
205:or
197:In
4199::
3594:M1
2510:Or
1235:.
1214:.
1186:.
1100:^
1047:^
820:,
816:,
748:ru
698:ru
663:.
613:ru
590:ru
557:ru
528:fr
319:.
305:,
26:on
3013:e
3006:t
2999:v
1822:)
1818:(
1431:e
1424:t
1417:v
1337:)
1321:)
1197:.
786:.
752:.
722:.
702:.
365:(
287:.
186:e
179:t
172:v
133:)
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