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they confirm good expectations. Dr. Verwoerd at present is restful. There is no need for any immediate operation.' Once his condition stabilised, Verwoerd was transferred to a
Pretoria hospital. The neurologists who treated Verwoerd later stated that his escape had been 'absolutely miraculous'. Specialist surgeons were called in to remove the bullets. At first, there was speculation that Verwoerd would lose his hearing and sense of balance, but this was to prove groundless. He returned to public life on 29 May, less than two months after the shooting.
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the hope that after
Verwoerd's "disappearance" "a change of policy would take place." He added, "I wanted to see a government representing all the South African people. I do not think the Nationalist Government is representative of the people and I wanted to see a different government ⊠I did not care about the consequences, for what would happen to me afterwards. I didn't care much and didn't give it a second thought that I would be caught. I was so disgusted with the racial policy that I went through with my plans to kill the prime minister."
820:, joined him in Germany and they were married in Hamburg on 7 January 1927. Later that year, he continued his studies in the United Kingdom, and then proceeded to the United States. His lecture notes and memoranda at Stellenbosch University stressed that there were no biological differences between the big racial groups, and concluded that "this was not really a factor in the development of a higher social civilization by the Caucasians." Verwoerd's views on race were more likely influenced by his experience of American attitudes towards
813:. Most of these professors were not allowed to teach anymore once the Nazis came to power in 1933.. Claims that Verwoerd studied eugenics during his German sojourn and later based his apartheid policy on Nazi ideology, are still being evaluated by scholars. Critics contend that eugenics was usually taught at medical faculties during this period. Christoph Marx asserts that Verwoerd kept a conspicuous distance from eugenic theories and racist social technologies, emphasising environmental influences rather than hereditary abilities.
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apartheid to international audiences, he branded it as a policy of "good-neighbourliness", stating that as different races and cultures have different beliefs and values, they could only reach their full potential if they lived and developed apart from each other. He stated that the white minority had to be protected from the nonwhite majority by pursuing a "policy of separate development" and keeping power in the hands of whites. Apartheid saw the complete disfranchisement of the nonwhite population.
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would be entirely separated, with blacks living in native reserves, with separate political and economic structures, which, they believed, would entail severe short-term pain, but would also lead to independence of white South Africa from black labour in the long-term. Verwoerd belonged to a third faction, which sympathised with the purists, but allowed for the use of black labour, while implementing the purist goal of vertical separation.
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1040:(HNP) concluded an election pact with the Afrikaner Party in 1947. They won the elections with a very narrow majority of five seats in Parliament, although they only got 40 percent of the voter support. This was due to the loaded constituencies in cities, which was to the advantage of rural constituencies. The nine Afrikaner Party MPs thus made it possible for Malan's HNP to form a coalition government with the Afrikaner Party of
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1059:. Most party leaders agreed that the nationalist policies were responsible for the National Party's victory. To further cement their nationalist policies, Herenigde Nasionale Party leader Daniel Malan called for stricter enforcement of job reservation protecting the rights of the white working class, and the rights of white workers to organise their own labour unions outside of company control.
2181:. The election marked a major strengthening of power for the ruling NP, which gained a two-thirds majority in parliament for the first time. During this period, the National Party government continued to foster the development of a military industrial complex, that successfully pioneered developments in native armaments manufacturing, including aircraft, small arms, armoured vehicles, and even
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and stormed out of the conference. For many white South
Africans, especially those of British extraction, leaving the Commonwealth imposed a certain psychological sense of isolation as South Africa left a club that it had belonged to since 1910 and of which it had been a prominent member. The Republic of South Africa came into existence on 31 May 1961, the anniversary of the signing of the
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black South
Africans, Verwoerd was and still is regarded as the epitome of evil, the white supremacist who become a symbol of apartheid itself. Apparently, most white South Africans now speak of Verwoerd as an embarrassment and only a minority still praise him. However, in 2004 Verwoerd was elected by popular poll as one of the top 20 South Africans of all time in the TV show
2121:, leapt up and knocked the pistol from the gunman's hand. After the pistol fell to the floor, Harrison, with the help of Major Carl Richter, the Prime Minister's personal bodyguard, civilians and another policeman overpowered the gunman. He was taken to the Marshall Square police station and later transferred to the Forensic Medical Laboratory due to his peculiar behaviour.
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could not be held criminally liable for having shot the prime minister. On 26 September 1960, he was committed to a mental hospital in
Bloemfontein. On 1 October 1961, his 53rd birthday, he committed suicide, shortly before parole was to be considered. His cause of death is disputed, since many suicides during the apartheid era were actually murders and killings by police.
785:, England, and another one to continue his studies in Germany. He opted for the latter, as Verwoerd wanted to continue his research under a number of renowned German psychology and philosophy professors of the time, and possibly due to his own anti-British views at the time. Verwoerd left for Germany in 1926, and proceeded to research psychology and sociology at the
2269:(SACP) between 1936 and 1942 to his time in London in the early 1960s, when he had attended meetings of the Committee of African Organizations and had held "the posters up" at "anti-colonial", "anti-apartheid" and "anti-racial" meetings; in South Africa from 1939 to 1942, he had "engaged actively in Communistic propaganda"; he had fought on the Communist side in the
2384:, who was married to Verwoerd's grandson Willem, joined the African National Congress (ANC) (like her ex-husband). She recalled that bearing the surname Verwoerd always produced awkward stares in ANC circles when she introduced herself and she had to explain that she was indeed the granddaughter-in-law of the Verwoerd who was the prime minister.
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Pratt claimed that he had been shooting 'the epitome of apartheid'. However, in his defence, he stated that he only wanted to injure, not kill, Verwoerd. The court accepted the medical reports submitted to it by five different psychiatrists, all of which confirmed that Pratt lacked legal capacity and
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After South Africa became a republic, Verwoerd refused to accept black ambassadors from
Commonwealth member states. Verwoerd's overt moves to block non-whites from representing South Africa in sportsâstarting with cricketâstarted the international movement to ostracise South Africa from international
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in the
Northern Cape province houses the Verwoerd collectionâmemorabilia collected during Verwoerd's lifetime which is now on display in the house where his widow lived for the last years before her death in 2000 at the age of 98. Verwoerd's legacy in South Africa today is a controversial one as for
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of Canada declaring that racism was incompatible with
Commonwealth membership. Verwoerd abandoned the application to rejoin the Commonwealth after the Indo-Canadian resolution was accepted mostly by votes from non-white nations (Canada was the only majority white country to vote for the resolution),
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Within minutes of the assassination attempt, Verwoerdâstill conscious and blood gushing from his faceâwas rushed to the nearby
Johannesburg Hospital. Two days later, the hospital issued a statement which described his condition as 'indeed satisfactoryâfurther examinations were carried out today and
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Journalist Daniel A. Gross proposed that the campaign against
Verwoerd as the "architect of apartheid" was going too far in the sense that it was too convenient to blame all the wrongs and injustices of apartheid on one man who was designated as being especially evil, stating that many people were
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Over the days that followed the assassination, Tsafendas was questioned by the police while in custody, while the police turned every possible stone in order to obtain as much information as possible. Under questioning, Tsafendas made coherent statements explaining that he had committed his act in
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From 1964, the US and UK discontinued their arms trade with South Africa. Economic sanctions against South Africa were also frequently debated in the UN as an effective way of putting pressure on the apartheid government. In 1962, the UN General Assembly requested that its members sever political,
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as an example of the sort of "horrors" that allegedly would ensue in South Africa if apartheid was ended. He then linked the Congo situation to the criticism of apartheid in Britain, arguing the Congolese "horrors" were what the British government was intent upon inflicting on white South Africans
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Verwoerd's vision of a South Africa divided into multiple ethno-states appealed to the reform-minded Afrikaner intelligentsia, and it provided a more coherent philosophical and moral framework for the National Party's racist policies, while also providing a veneer of intellectual respectability to
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faction, while favouring segregation, also favoured the participation of black Africans in the economy as long as black labour could be controlled to advance the economic gains of Afrikaners. A second faction were the "purists", who believed in "vertical segregation", under which blacks and whites
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One black South African woman who worked as an anti-apartheid activist, Nomavenda Mathiane, in particular criticized Verwoerd for the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which caused generations of black South Africans to suffer an inferior education, saying: "After white people had taken the land, after
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The Bantu Education Act ensured that black South Africans had only the barest minimum of education, thus entrenching the role of blacks in the apartheid economy as a cheap source of unskilled labour. In June 1954, Verwoerd in a speech stated: "The Bantu must be guided to serve his own community in
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Verwoerd heavily repressed opposition to apartheid during his premiership. He ordered the detention and imprisonment of tens of thousands of people and the exile of further thousands, while at the same time greatly empowering, modernizing, and enlarging the white apartheid state's security forces
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Afrikaans politics from 1910 to 1948 were divided between the "liberals" such as Jan Smuts who argued for a reconciliation with Britain vs. the "extremists" who expressed anti-British sentiments due to the Boer War. Both the "liberals" and the "extremists" believed that South Africa was a "white
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on 8 September 1901. Verwoerd was South Africa's only foreign-born prime minister. He was the second child of Anje Hendriks Strik (1873-1940) and Wilhelmus Johannes Verwoerd (1874-1961). His older brother was Leendert (Len) Verwoerd (1899-1986) and his younger sister, the only one born in South
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of 1947â49; and in London he had been a close associate and assistant of the ANC's local representative, Tennyson Makiwane. In short, and according to his own words, he was "anti-colonial, against slavery and in favour of all colonies which were controlled by Belgium, France and Portugal to be
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with distinctions in Sociology, Psychology and Philosophy, and then completed his Masters cum laude. He then went on completing his Doctorate in Psychology in 1925 at Stellenbosch University. Verwoerd's over three hundred page Doctorate thesis titled "Die Afstomping van die Gemoedsaandoeninge"
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Verwoerd became prime minister in 1958. His desire to ensure white, and especially Afrikaner dominance in South Africa, to the exclusion of the nonwhite majority, was a major aspect of his support for a republic. To that same end, Verwoerd greatly expanded apartheid. When attempting to justify
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In 1936, Verwoerd joined by a group of Stellenbosch University professors protested against the immigration of German Jews to South Africa, who were fleeing Nazi persecution. His efforts in the field of national welfare drew him into politics and in 1936 he was offered the first editorship of
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was imprisoned for life for sabotage. Verwoerd's South Africa had one of the highest prison populations in the world and saw a large number of executions and floggings. By the mid-1960s Verwoerd's government to a large degree had put down internal civil resistance to apartheid by employing
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Verwoerd gradually gained popularity with the Afrikaner electorate and continued to expand his political support. With his overwhelming constituency victory in the 1958 election and the death shortly thereafter of Prime Minister J. G. Strijdom, Verwoerd was nominated, together with
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Many major roads, places and facilities in cities and towns of South Africa were named after Verwoerd; in post-apartheid South Africa, there has been a campaign to take down statues of Verwoerd and rename buildings and streets named after him. Famous examples include
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were slightly outnumbered by Afrikaners. The vast majority of English South Africans were against South Africa becoming a republic and were still loyal to the British Crown, especially in Natal, where anti-republican and secessionist sentiment was very strong.
1090:, which was to have a deleterious effect on the ability of black South Africans to be educated. Verwoerd himself noted that the purpose of the Bantu Education Act was to ensure that blacks would have only just enough education to work as unskilled labourers.
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and shortly after Verwoerd received a death threat with a red note reading, "Today we kill Verwoerd". Pratt appeared for a preliminary hearing in the Johannesburg Magistrates' Court on 20 and 21 July 1960, once it was clear that the attempt was not fatal.
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Africa, was Hendrika Johanna Lucretia (Lucie) Verwoerd (1908-1959). His father was a shopkeeper and a deeply religious man who decided to move his family to South Africa in 1903 because of his sympathy towards the Afrikaner nation in the wake of the
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Verwoerd returned with his wife to South Africa in 1928 and was appointed to the chair of Applied Psychology and Psycho Technique at the University of Stellenbosch where, six years later, he became Professor of Sociology and Social Work. During the
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in 1976, and whenever South African teams did participate in sports, protests and disruptions were the result. When supporters of South Africa decried their exclusion, the usual response was: "Who started it?", in reference to Verwoerd.
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in 1910. The Anglophobic Verwoerd timed the declaration of a republic with the anniversary of the Treaty of Vereeniging as a form of revenge for the defeat of the Transvaal Republic and the Orange Free State in the Boer War. The last
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In order to bolster support for a republic, the voting age for whites was lowered from 21 to 18, benefiting younger Afrikaans speakers, who were more likely to favour a republic, and the franchise was extended to whites in
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later that year, and became the minister of native affairs under Prime Minister Malan in 1950, until his appointment as prime minister in 1958. In that position, he helped to implement the Nationalist Party's programme.
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stabbed Verwoerd in the neck and chest four times before being subdued by other members of the Assembly. Four members of Parliament who were also trained doctors rushed to the aid of Verwoerd and started administering
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man's country", though the latter were more stridently committed to white supremacy. Verwoerd belonged to the anti-British faction in Afrikaans politics who wanted to keep as much distance as possible from Britain.
1977:'s long-term goals since originally coming to power in 1948. In January 1960, Verwoerd announced that a referendum would be called to determine the republican issue, the objective being a republic within the
773:, where he was regarded as a brilliant social science academic, and it was widely claimed that he possessed a photographic memory. Verwoerd was fluent in Afrikaans, Dutch, English and German. He obtained his
849:, Verwoerd became active in social work among poor white South Africans. He devoted much attention to welfare work and was often consulted by welfare organizations, while he served on numerous committees.
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for his role in shaping the implementation of apartheid policy when he was minister of native affairs and then prime minister. Verwoerd once described apartheid as a "policy of good neighbourliness".
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were potential successors. The Young Turks of the Transvaal got the upper hand and thus J. G. Strijdom was elected as the new leader of the National Party, succeeding Malan as Prime Minister.
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involved in creating and maintaining the apartheid system. Gross concluded that blaming everything on Verwoerd was in effect excusing the actions of everyone else who supported apartheid.
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in Pretoria. Following the meeting, a joint communique was issued by the two governments with special emphasis on "co-operation without interference in each others' internal affairs".
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in September 1939, Verwoerd protested against South Africa's role in the conflict when the country declared war on Germany, siding with its former colonial power, the United Kingdom.
567:, and implementing its policies, as Minister of Native Affairs (1950â1958) and then as prime minister (1958â1966). Furthermore, Verwoerd played a vital role in helping the far-right
646:'s premiership, Verwoerd's role in expanding and legally entrenching the system, including his theoretical justifications and opposition to the limited form of integration known as
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On 9 April 1960, Verwoerd opened the Union Exposition in Milner Park, Johannesburg, to mark the jubilee of the Union of South Africa. After Verwoerd delivered his opening address,
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In 1917, the family moved back to South Africa, since the congregation in Bulawayo had appointed a second minister of religion. His father took up a position in the church in
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Due to the work undertaken by Verwoerd in his doctoral thesis , he was awarded two scholarships for post-doctoral research abroadâone by the Abe Bailey Trust to study at the
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white people had impoverished us in South Africa, the only way out of our poverty was through education. And he came up with the idea of giving us an inferior education."
1044:. The two parties amalgamated in 1951 as the National Party, although Havenga was not comfortable with NP policy to remove coloured voters from the common voters' roll.
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all respects. There is no place for him in the European community above the level of certain forms of labour. Within his own community, however, all doors are open".
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against South Africa, and in the same year, a Special Committee Against Apartheid was established to encourage and oversee plans of action against the authorities.
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618:. Following the Nationalist electoral victory in 1948, Verwoerd assumed high positions in the government and wielded strong influence over South African society.
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Special report of the Director-General on the application of the Declaration concerning the policy of "apartheid" of the Republic of South Africa, Volumes 17â22.
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Verwoerd also ensured that South African media gave generous coverage of the breakdown of society in the Congo in the summer of 1960 following independence from
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At the time that the NP came to power in 1948, there were factional differences in the party about the implementation of systemic racial segregation. The larger
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epidemic, the younger Verwoerd only sat for his matriculation exams in February 1919, achieving first position in the Orange Free State and fifth in country.
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sporting competition. The last Olympic Games in which the country participatedâuntil the abolition of apartheidâwas in 1960. South Africa was expelled from
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from the Orange Free State, as candidates to head the party. Verwoerd got the most votes in the second round and thus succeeded Strijdom as Prime Minister.
889:, the paper helped "solidify the sentiments of most South Africans, that changes to the socio-economic system were vitally needed." With the start of the
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At the same time, the South African police gathered a plethora of evidence of Tsafendas's long history of political activism, from his membership of the
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visited South Africa where he could not reach an agreement with Prime Minister Verwoerd. On 6 November 1962, the United Nations General Assembly passed
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On the 50th anniversary of Verwoerd's assassination in 2016, some in South Africa argued that Tsafendas should be regarded as an anti-apartheid hero.
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778:(Afrikaans: The numbing of the Emotion) was at the time regarded as a monumental academic achievement in field of Applied Psychology in South Africa.
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for libel after it accused him of being a Nazi propagandist. In his judgment dismissing the case, Justice Mallin stated that Verwoerd "did support
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extraordinary legislative power, draconian laws, psychological intimidation, and the relentless efforts of the white state's security apparatus.
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Nevertheless, none of these became known during a summary trial where Tsafendas escaped the death penalty on the grounds of insanity. Judge
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2110:, a rich English businessman and farmer from the Magaliesberg, near Pretoria, attempted to assassinate Verwoerd, firing two shots from a
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Marx, C. (2011). "Hendrik Verwoerd's Long March to Apartheid: Nationalism and Racism in South Africa". In Berg, M.; Wendt, S. (eds.).
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in Pretoria. The still blood-stained carpet where Verwoerd lay after his murder remained in Parliament until it was removed in 2004.
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551:, was a Dutch-born South African politician, scholar in applied psychology, philosophy, and sociology, and newspaper editor who was
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Verwoerd is depicted on the obverses of a pair of .800 fine Silver 1 Rand coins dated 1967, which was struck to commemorate him.
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ordered Tsafendas to be imprisoned indefinitely at the "State President's pleasure"; in 1999 he died aged 81 still in detention.
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Verwoerd's state funeral, attended by a quarter of a million people, was held in Pretoria on 10 September 1966, during which his
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Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Circumstances of the Death of the Late Dr. The Honourable Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd
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was held on 26 May 1948 and saw the Nationalist Party together with the Afrikaner Party winning the general elections. Malan's
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1941:. Verwoerd felt that the political situation of South Africa had become stagnant over the past century and called for reform.
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910:, he did make his paper a tool of Nazis in South Africa, and he knew it" (cited by Scheub 2010, 42; Bunting 1964, 106â107).
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National University of Lesotho. Institute of Southern African Studies. Documentation and Publications Division (1966).
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Sanctions and honorary whites: diplomatic policies and economic realities in relations between Japan and South Africa.
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Running on the platform of self-determination and apartheid as it was termed for the first time, Prime Minister
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David Pratt was initially held under the emergency regulations, declared on 30 March 1960, nine days after the
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speech. The speech, which implicitly criticized apartheid, together with the worldwide criticism following the
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UN Chief Faces Apartheid Snag; Hammarskjöld Says He Got No Accord on Race Policies During South Africa Trip
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State, Civil Society and Apartheid in South Africa: An Examination of Dutch Reformed Church-State Relations
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Among the laws that were drawn and enacted during Verwoerd's time as minister for native affairs were the
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pistol at point-blank range, one bullet perforating Verwoerd's right cheek and the second his right ear.
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Under the Premiership of Verwoerd, the following legislative acts relating to apartheid were introduced:
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had triumphantly headlined every Nazi victory and constantly attacked "British Jewish liberalism."
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2249:-draped casket was laid on an artillery carriage towed by a military truck. He was buried in the
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The Long Road to Durban â The United Nations Role in Fighting Racism and Racial Discrimination
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Hayek: A Collaborative Biography: Part II, Austria, America and the Rise of Hitler, 1899â1933
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On 6 September 1966, Verwoerd was stabbed to death in Cape Town, shortly after entering the
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The Verwoerd family in 1908. Left to right : Wilhelmus, Hendrik, Lucie, Len, and Anje.
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and his party benefited from their support in the rural electorates, defeating General
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History after Apartheid: Visual Culture and Public Memory in a Democratic South Africa
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announced his retirement from politics following the National Party's success in the
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3192:"Culture, Communication and Media Studies â Freedom Square â Back to the Future"
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and nicknamed the "father of apartheid". Verwoerd played a significant role in
292:
230:
138:
3525:
3217:
3031:
1257:
1177:
245:
4006:
3845:
3057:
2672:
2400:
2278:
1855:
1728:
1678:
1350:
1335:
1245:
1225:
1221:
1079:
886:
878:
810:
387:
373:
3493:
I. Maisels, A life at law: The memoirs of I.A. Maisels, QC., 102â107 (1998).
2998:
563:
apartheid, the country's system of institutionalized racial segregation and
3986:
3968:
3888:
3589:
2807:
The Rise of Afrikanerdom: Power, Apartheid and the Afrikaner Civil Religion
2663:
2458:
2442:
2162:
2001:
1756:
1718:
1708:
1698:
1598:
1237:
1217:
1213:
1189:
1048:
890:
806:
666:. He died shortly after, and Tsafendas was jailed until his death in 1999.
615:
580:
419:
251:
202:
2312:
1229:
3991:
3933:
3913:
2983:. Weinberg, Paul. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 143.
2111:
1658:
1653:
1638:
1573:
1261:
1193:
1024:
751:
724:
687:
643:
353:
287:
215:
2012:(via their opposition to apartheid), fanning the flames of Anglophobia.
3145:. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis. p. 1661.
1766:
1733:
1608:
1593:
1578:
1435:
1181:
1056:
952: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
757:
572:
477:
2040:
in London, Verwoerd abandoned an attempt for South Africa to become a
1992:
In an address to both Houses of Parliament, Macmillan gave his famous
727:. Verwoerd received the top marks for English literature in Rhodesia.
3928:
3918:
3903:
3714:
2153:, condemning South African apartheid policies. On 7 August 1963, the
2021:
1918:
1787:
1751:
1688:
1284:
1244:. In the succession debate that followed Malan's retirement in 1954,
1197:
743:
683:
607:
556:
369:
349:
1111:
927:
37:
2454:
2367:
South African postage stamps commemorating Hendrik Verwoerd in 1966
1970:
1927:
882:
765:
in 1923. Verwoerd is located in the middle row, 3rd from the right.
730:
704:
696:
649:
391:
4138:
Perpetrators of political repression in apartheid-era South Africa
3649:
Havens, Murray Clark; Leiden, Carl; Schmitt, Karl Michael (1970).
1172:
2572:
Evil, Law and the State: Perspectives on State Power and Violence
2008:
1292:
1176:
The first Verwoerd Cabinet in 1958. Front (left to right) :
674:
626:(police and military). He banned black organizations such as the
571:
come to power in 1948, serving as their political strategist and
3118:
Performing South Africa's Truth Commission: Stages of Transition
583:, remaining its prime minister until his assassination in 1966.
2404:
2208:
1777:
836:
825:
738:, in 1908 or 1909. Left to right : Len, Lucie and Hendrik.
3795:"How Should South Africa Remember the Architect of Apartheid?"
3286:
3095:"How Should South Africa Remember the Architect of Apartheid?"
2188:
Three days before his death, Verwoerd had held talks with the
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3170:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. p. 22.
2910:
2908:
2906:
719:, where he was awarded the Beit Scholarship, established by
3741:
The Man Who Killed Apartheid: The Life of Dimitri Tsafendas
3508:
The man who killed apartheid: the life of Dimitri Tsafendas
3433:, "His Cherubic Smile Seemed To Say, 'It's All So Simple".
3120:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 31, 226.
2083:
611:
547:; 8 September 1901 â 6 September 1966), also known as
3376:
2903:
3360:. Africanhistory.about.com. 13 April 2012. Archived from
3312:
2886:"Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd | South African History Online"
2659:"Obituary: Long-jailed assassin of South African premier"
1055:
and his United Party. General Smuts lost his own seat of
711:, where his father became an assistant evangelist in the
575:, becoming party leader upon his premiership. He was the
3350:
2954:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp.
3321:"Afrikaner domination died with Verwoerd 50 years ago"
2627:
2839:. Oxford/New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 284â291.
2793:. Oxford: Inter-disciplinary Press. pp. 117â133.
873:
was a publication which supported the aspirations of
4088:
Members of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa
3260:
2810:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p.
2528:. Government Printer, South Africa. 22 January 1966.
2224:
at 14:15. A uniformed parliamentary messenger named
2635:"Hendrik Verwoerd | prime minister of South Africa"
703:. By the end of 1912, the Verwoerd family moved to
610:
organization dedicated to advancing the Afrikaner "
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3883:
2947:
2169:fiscal and transportation ties with South Africa.
1917:Hendrik Verwoerd is often called the architect of
3459:"Verwoerd knew of threats but did not withdraw."
2036:was accepted by Parliament. In March 1961 at the
4004:
3638:Fault lines: journeys into the new South Africa.
2061:to an end in 1902, and the establishment of the
27:Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958 to 1966
2981:Fault lines: journeys into the new South Africa
2932:. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 60â63.
2862:A Concise Dictionary of South African Biography
2102:is overpowered after he shoots Hendrik Verwoerd
1925:
656:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761
647:
3476:, 11 April 1960; "No news of Pratt in court."
2596:"Apartheid: "A Policy of Good Neighborliness""
2090:
4078:South African collaborators with Nazi Germany
3869:
3295:"Remembering Verwoerd âOpinion | Politicsweb"
2652:
2038:1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
1898:
634:, and it was under him that future president
555:and is commonly regarded as the architect of
3510:. Johannesburg, South Africa: Jacana Media.
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
1949:Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959
877:, agricultural and labour rights. Combining
3754:Betsie Verwoerd, Apartheid Ruler's Wife, 98
3738:
3505:
3233:
3016:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 101.
2715:"24 Hours Special â Verwoerd Assassination"
2610:"Commanding Heights: South Africa | on PBS"
2457:, now Steve Biko Hospital, and the town of
1959:Extension of University Education Act, 1959
1140:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
274:19 October 1950 â 3 September 1958
3876:
3862:
3239:
2864:. Cape Town: Francolin. pp. 275â276.
2753:
2738:
2667:, 11 October 1999. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
2177:The National Party under Verwoerd won the
1905:
1891:
149:
4128:Academic staff of Stellenbosch University
4113:South African antiâWorld War II activists
4098:National Party (South Africa) politicians
4058:Assassinated leaders of political parties
3071:
2339:Learn how and when to remove this message
2172:
2140:
2117:Colonel G. M. Harrison, president of the
1160:Learn how and when to remove this message
1012:Learn how and when to remove this message
831:
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3766:"Beloved Country Repays Mandela in Kind"
3583:Jackson, Peter; Faupin, Mathieu (2007).
3292:
2941:
2939:
2386:
2362:
2359:, in 2008. The bust was removed in 2011.
2350:
2311:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2237:, but was pronounced dead upon arrival.
2207:
2094:
1171:
1023:
835:
756:
729:
673:
3640:University of California Press. p. 154.
3636:Goodman, David; Weinberg, Paul (2002).
3358:"Apartheid Legislation in South Africa"
3318:
3269:"Verwoerd and his policies appalled me"
3246:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 83â.
3165:
3140:
2978:
2927:
1846:Music in the movement against apartheid
513:Professor, politician, newspaper editor
14:
4053:Assassinated South African politicians
4005:
3664:"South Africa: Death to the Architect"
3293:Giliomee, Hermann (6 September 2016).
3266:
3011:
2803:
2538:
2441:, renamed Port Elizabeth Airport, the
2323:to additional sources at this section.
1954:Bantu Investment Corporation Act, 1959
900:, sued the English-language newspaper
642:Although apartheid began in 1948 with
590:, socially conservative leader and an
458:
187: â 6 September 1966
4093:Members of the Senate of South Africa
4068:Dutch collaborators with Nazi Germany
4023:Politicians assassinated in the 1960s
3857:
3792:
3734:
3732:
3501:
3499:
3092:
2945:
2936:
2859:
2781:
2770:Dictionary of South African Biography
2565:
2468:
1084:Reservation of Separate Amenities Act
917:
682:Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd was born in
542:
3656:
3557:International Labour Office (1985).
3319:du Toit, Pieter (6 September 2016).
3143:Encyclopedia of the Developing World
3115:
2834:
2685:"South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid"
2288:
2024:speakers. This was done even though
1138:adding citations to reliable sources
1105:
950:adding citations to reliable sources
921:
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
3793:Gross, Daniel (14 September 2016).
3672:. 16 September 1966. Archived from
3606:. Oxford University Press. p. 177.
2743:. Human & Rousseau. p. 13.
1321:Coloured vote constitutional crisis
24:
4063:Deaths by stabbing in South Africa
3729:
3496:
3421:Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 54.
3219:Hendrik Verwoerd Defines Apartheid
2739:Grobbelaar, Pieter Willem (1967).
2304:relies largely or entirely upon a
2119:Witwatersrand Agricultural Society
25:
4154:
3813:
3694:Goodman; Weinberg (2002), p. 155.
3574:Indiana University Press. p. 323.
3194:. Ccms.ukzn.ac.za. Archived from
2004:as the ruler of a hostile power.
1101:
3958:
3952:
3538:Feron, James (24 January 1961).
3267:Sparks, Allister (12 May 2015).
2789:. In Gozaydin en Madeira (ed.).
2542:Verwoerd: Architect of Apartheid
2451:H. F. Verwoerd academic hospital
2293:
2042:republic within the Commonwealth
1874:
1873:
1836:Internal resistance to apartheid
1291:
1110:
926:
521:
36:
4108:Prime ministers of South Africa
4103:People murdered in South Africa
4073:Dutch emigrants to South Africa
3786:
3758:
3747:
3697:
3688:
3643:
3630:
3617:
3596:
3577:
3564:
3551:
3532:
3487:
3466:
3453:
3440:
3424:
3411:
3398:
3338:
3210:
3184:
3159:
3134:
3109:
3093:Gross, D. (14 September 2016).
3038:
3005:
2972:
2950:Heads of States and Governments
2930:Rise of the South African Reich
2921:
2878:
2853:
2828:
2797:
2775:
2762:
2747:
2732:
2707:
2155:United Nations Security Council
1937:the previously crude policy of
1346:Church Street, Pretoria bombing
937:needs additional citations for
797:. In Hamburg, he studied under
454:
47:needs additional citations for
4123:Stellenbosch University alumni
3836:Prime Minister of South Africa
3604:Twentieth-century South Africa
3572:South Africa: no turning back.
2677:
2602:
2588:
2559:
2532:
2516:
2488:
2183:nuclear and biological weapons
2145:In 1961, UN Secretary-General
2020:, most of whom were German or
1200:. Back (left to right) :
553:Prime Minister of South Africa
167:Prime Minister of South Africa
13:
1:
4033:Afrikaner Broederbond members
3743:. Johannesburg: Jacana Media.
3651:The politics of assassination
2946:Lentz, Harris M. III (1994).
2267:South African Communist Party
2231:cardiopulmonary resuscitation
896:In 1943, Verwoerd, editor of
669:
4143:University of Hamburg alumni
4083:Antisemitism in South Africa
4048:Assassinated prime ministers
4028:1966 murders in South Africa
3739:Dousemetzis, Harris (2018).
3561:International Labour Office.
3506:Dousemetzis, Harris (2018).
2545:. Jonathan Ball Publishers.
2494:As the head of state of the
2476:
2355:Bust of Hendrik Verwoerd in
2256:
2034:1960 South Africa referendum
1811:Apartheid in popular culture
1267:
1086:of 1953. Verwoerd wrote the
1062:Verwoerd was elected to the
7:
3141:Leonard, Thomas M. (2010).
3116:Cole, Catherine M. (2010).
2689:overcomingapartheid.msu.edu
2574:. Rodopi. pp. 87â100.
2570:. In Parry, John T. (ed.).
2410:In 1992, Verwoerd's widow,
2274:afforded self-government."
2091:First assassination attempt
2074:, took office as the first
1964:
1381:Saint James Church massacre
1376:Assassination of Chris Hani
1072:Population Registration Act
761:The Student Council of the
10:
4159:
3705:"Verwoerd carpet replaced"
3406:The Fighting Never Stopped
3393:The Fighting Never Stopped
3166:Coombes, Annie E. (2003).
2916:The Fighting Never Stopped
2837:Racism in the Modern World
2403:during Mandela's visit to
2240:
1386:1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
501:University of Stellenbosch
262:Minister of Native Affairs
179:2 September 1958
3967:
3950:
3895:
3842:
3833:
3825:
3820:
3602:Beinart, William (2001).
3046:"SOUTH AFRICA: God's Man"
2420:president of South Africa
2284:
2233:. Verwoerd was rushed to
2190:Prime Minister of Lesotho
1634:Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
1038:Herenigde Nasionale Party
734:The Verwoerd children in
628:African National Congress
594:. He was a member of the
529:
517:
509:
476:
468:
439:
429:
407:
397:
384:Manner of death
383:
359:
332:
327:
323:
313:
301:
278:
267:
260:
236:
224:
211:
198:
172:
164:
160:
148:
136:
3969:Republic of South Africa
3404:Brogan, Patrick (1989).
3391:Brogan, Patrick (1989).
2914:Brogan, Patrick (1989).
2203:
2161:calling for a voluntary
1989:, visited South Africa.
1821:Cape Qualified Franchise
1034:general election of 1948
1028:Hendrik Verwoerd in 1945
809:; and in Leipzig, under
581:Republic of South Africa
540:Afrikaans pronunciation:
536:Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd
378:Republic of South Africa
337:Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd
3653:. Prentice-Hall. p. 47.
3570:Johnson, Shaun (1989).
3345:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3012:Leeson, Robert (2015).
2979:Goodman, David (2002).
2928:Bunting, Brian (1964).
2791:Evil, law and the state
2639:Encyclopedia Britannica
2502:Charles Robberts Swart.
2426:, at her home in 1995.
1851:Nostalgia for apartheid
771:Stellenbosch University
763:Stellenbosch University
750:. Due to the worldwide
632:Pan Africanist Congress
319:Michel D. C. de Wet Nel
3417:Osada, Masako (2002).
2804:Moodie, T. D. (1975).
2768:Beyers, C. J. (1981).
2539:Kenney, Henry (2016).
2449:, now the Gariep Dam,
2435:H. F. Verwoerd Airport
2407:
2368:
2360:
2235:Groote Schuur Hospital
2217:
2173:1966 general elections
2141:Solidifying the system
2103:
2072:Charles Robberts Swart
2026:English South Africans
1987:British Prime Minister
1926:
1826:Disinvestment campaign
1551:State Security Council
1233:
1064:Senate of South Africa
1029:
841:
832:Return to South Africa
766:
739:
679:
648:
606:), a secret white and
603:
402:Heroes' Acre, Pretoria
216:Charles Robberts Swart
3897:Union of South Africa
3395:Vintage Books. p. 88.
3299:www.politicsweb.co.za
3052:. 15 September 1958.
2918:Vintage Books. p. 87.
2566:Burke, Alban (2006).
2496:Union of South Africa
2390:
2366:
2354:
2211:
2179:1966 general election
2098:
2063:Union of South Africa
2057:that had brought the
2055:Treaty of Vereeniging
1816:Apartheid legislation
1806:Afrikaner nationalism
1366:Cape Town peace march
1356:Trojan Horse Incident
1316:1948 general election
1175:
1027:
875:Afrikaner nationalism
839:
787:University of Hamburg
760:
733:
713:Dutch Reformed Church
695:. Verwoerd went to a
677:
596:Afrikaner Broederbond
592:Afrikaner nationalist
577:Union of South Africa
496:University of Hamburg
486:University of Leipzig
288:Daniel François Malan
4038:Apartheid government
3408:Vintage Books. p. 92
2890:www.sahistory.org.za
2378:Great South Africans
2317:improve this article
2212:Verwoerd's grave at
2130:Sharpeville massacre
1998:Sharpeville massacre
1714:EugĂšne Terre'Blanche
1584:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
1391:Shell House massacre
1361:Khotso House bombing
1331:Sharpeville massacre
1134:improve this section
1053:Jan Christiaan Smuts
946:improve this article
816:Verwoerd's fiancée,
783:University of Oxford
769:Verwoerd studied at
715:. Verwoerd attended
561:socially engineering
491:University of Berlin
308:Ernest George Jansen
56:improve this article
3364:on 6 September 2015
3240:T. Kuperus (1999).
2754:Grobbelaar (1967).
1981:. Two weeks later,
1861:Sullivan Principles
1088:Bantu Education Act
826:National Socialists
801:; in Berlin, under
544:[fÉrËvuËrt]
4133:Nazi propagandists
4118:Shooting survivors
4043:Assassinated Nazis
3821:Political offices
3771:The New York Times
3545:The New York Times
3435:Life International
3222:, 10 December 2010
2860:Joyce, P. (1999).
2782:Burke, A. (2006).
2695:on 1 December 2016
2671:3 October 2015 at
2469:Depiction on coins
2408:
2369:
2361:
2247:South African flag
2218:
2104:
1969:The creation of a
1446:Conservative Party
1326:1956 Treason Trial
1234:
1210:A. J. R. van Rhijn
1032:The South African
1030:
961:"Hendrik Verwoerd"
918:Government service
867:in the Transvaal.
842:
822:racial segregation
767:
740:
736:Wynberg, Cape Town
717:Milton High School
701:Wynberg, Cape Town
699:primary school in
680:
660:economic sanctions
71:"Hendrik Verwoerd"
4000:
3999:
3974:(under Apartheid)
3852:
3851:
3843:Succeeded by
3625:Lesotho clippings
3517:978-1-4314-2754-3
3253:978-0-230-37373-0
3198:on 22 August 2009
3152:978-0-415-97662-6
3127:978-0-253-22145-2
3023:978-1-137-32508-2
2990:978-0-520-23203-7
2846:978-0-85745-076-0
2552:978-1-86842-716-1
2461:, now Centurion.
2357:Meyerton, Gauteng
2349:
2348:
2341:
2226:Dimitri Tsafendas
2222:House of Assembly
2018:South-West Africa
1915:
1914:
1772:South-West Africa
1242:elections of 1953
1170:
1169:
1162:
1022:
1021:
1014:
996:
748:Orange Free State
664:Dimitri Tsafendas
533:
532:
293:Johannes Strijdom
231:Johannes Strijdom
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
4150:
3982:Hendrik Verwoerd
3975:
3962:
3956:
3944:Hendrik Verwoerd
3907:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3855:
3854:
3826:Preceded by
3818:
3817:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3762:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3736:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3676:on 24 April 2007
3660:
3654:
3647:
3641:
3634:
3628:
3621:
3615:
3600:
3594:
3581:
3575:
3568:
3562:
3555:
3549:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3503:
3494:
3491:
3485:
3470:
3464:
3463:, 11 April 1960.
3457:
3451:
3444:
3438:
3437:, 3 October 1966
3428:
3422:
3415:
3409:
3402:
3396:
3389:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3090:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2953:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2919:
2912:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2779:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2691:. Archived from
2681:
2675:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2520:
2503:
2492:
2382:Melanie Verwoerd
2344:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2147:Dag Hammarskjöld
2068:Governor-General
2050:John Diefenbaker
2046:Jawaharlal Nehru
1983:Harold Macmillan
1931:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1877:
1876:
1674:Albertina Sisulu
1669:Benjamin Moloise
1604:Arthur Goldreich
1295:
1272:
1271:
1202:J. J. Serfontein
1186:Hendrik Verwoerd
1165:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1114:
1106:
1082:of 1952 and the
1017:
1010:
1006:
1003:
997:
995:
954:
930:
922:
891:Second World War
847:Great Depression
840:Verwoerd in 1924
818:Betsie Schoombie
653:
586:Verwoerd was an
546:
541:
525:
462:
460:
456:
446:Betsie Schoombie
366:
363:6 September 1966
347:8 September 1901
346:
344:
328:Personal details
316:
304:
281:
272:
252:Johannes Vorster
239:
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207:
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192:
186:
184:
177:
155:Verwoerd in 1960
153:
143:Hendrik Verwoerd
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107:
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64:
40:
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3774:. 23 March 1999
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2500:State President
2493:
2489:
2479:
2471:
2412:Betsie Verwoerd
2397:Betsie Verwoerd
2345:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2319:by introducing
2310:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2271:Greek Civil War
2259:
2243:
2206:
2198:Union Buildings
2194:Leabua Jonathan
2175:
2151:Resolution 1761
2143:
2093:
2076:State President
2059:Second Boer War
1994:Winds of Change
1973:was one of the
1967:
1911:
1866:
1865:
1841:Kairos Document
1831:Freedom Charter
1801:
1793:
1792:
1776:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1569:Vernon Berrangé
1564:
1556:
1555:
1516:Security Branch
1406:
1396:
1395:
1341:Soweto uprising
1311:
1310:
1270:
1236:Prime Minister
1206:M. D. C. de Wet
1166:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1131:
1115:
1104:
1076:Group Areas Act
1018:
1007:
1001:
998:
955:
953:
943:
931:
920:
908:Nazi propaganda
834:
803:Wolfgang Köhler
721:diamond magnate
693:Second Boer War
672:
565:white supremacy
539:
505:
464:
452:
448:
430:Political party
425:
368:
364:
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18:Henrik Verwoerd
15:
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3946:
3941:
3936:
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3893:
3892:
3885:Prime Minister
3881:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3841:
3832:
3829:J. G. Strijdom
3827:
3823:
3822:
3815:
3814:External links
3812:
3809:
3808:
3785:
3757:
3746:
3728:
3717:. 28 July 2004
3696:
3687:
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3642:
3629:
3616:
3612:978-0192893185
3595:
3576:
3563:
3550:
3531:
3516:
3495:
3486:
3474:Die Transvaler
3465:
3452:
3448:Bird on a wing
3439:
3423:
3410:
3397:
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3004:
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2935:
2920:
2902:
2877:
2870:
2852:
2845:
2827:
2820:
2796:
2774:
2761:
2756:This was a Man
2746:
2741:This was a Man
2731:
2706:
2676:
2651:
2626:
2601:
2598:. 11 May 2015.
2587:
2580:
2558:
2551:
2531:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2498:. Replaced by
2486:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2439:Port Elizabeth
2424:Nelson Mandela
2393:Nelson Mandela
2347:
2346:
2315:. Please help
2301:
2299:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2279:Andries Beyers
2258:
2255:
2242:
2239:
2205:
2202:
2174:
2171:
2159:Resolution 181
2142:
2139:
2092:
2089:
1975:National Party
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1887:
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1802:
1800:Related topics
1799:
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1754:
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1724:H. F. Verwoerd
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Adelaide Tambo
1701:
1696:
1694:Robert Sobukwe
1691:
1686:
1684:J. G. Strijdom
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Raymond Mhlaba
1661:
1656:
1651:
1649:Nelson Mandela
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1629:Albert Luthuli
1626:
1624:Ahmed Kathrada
1621:
1616:
1614:Bantu Holomisa
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
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1589:F. W. de Klerk
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1506:National Party
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1250:J. G. Strijdom
1168:
1167:
1118:
1116:
1109:
1103:
1102:Prime minister
1100:
1042:Klasie Havenga
1020:
1019:
1002:September 2017
934:
932:
925:
919:
916:
912:Die Transvaler
898:Die Transvaler
871:Die Transvaler
865:National Party
860:Die Transvaler
833:
830:
723:and financier
671:
668:
636:Nelson Mandela
569:National Party
549:H. F. Verwoerd
531:
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280:Prime Minister
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139:The Honourable
137:
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44:
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35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4155:
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3955:
3945:
3942:
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3939:Hans Strijdom
3937:
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3927:
3925:
3924:Barry Hertzog
3922:
3920:
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3890:
3886:
3879:
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3860:
3859:
3856:
3847:
3846:B. J. Vorster
3838:
3837:
3830:
3824:
3819:
3797:. Smithsonian
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3546:
3541:
3535:
3527:
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3519:
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3500:
3490:
3484:10 July 1960.
3483:
3482:Sunday Times,
3479:
3475:
3469:
3462:
3456:
3450:, 205 (1992).
3449:
3443:
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3407:
3401:
3394:
3388:
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3380:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3347:1963, p. 354.
3346:
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3263:
3255:
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3177:0-8223-3060-1
3173:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3148:
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3137:
3129:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3097:. Smithsonian
3096:
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3079:
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3019:
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3008:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2967:
2965:0-89950-926-6
2961:
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2907:
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2871:1-86859-037-2
2867:
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2838:
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2821:0-520-03943-2
2817:
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2800:
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2771:
2765:
2758:. p. 14.
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2674:
2673:archive.today
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2401:Carel Boshoff
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2302:This section
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2056:
2051:
2048:of India and
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2027:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
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1960:
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1856:Project Coast
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1762:Robben Island
1760:
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1732:
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1729:B. J. Vorster
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1679:Walter Sisulu
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1351:Vaal uprising
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1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1246:N. C. Havenga
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1226:Frans Erasmus
1223:
1222:P. K. Le Roux
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
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1199:
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1187:
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1119:This section
1117:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:Pass Laws Act
1078:in 1950, the
1077:
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1054:
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1005:
994:
991:
987:
984:
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977:
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963: â
962:
958:
957:Find sources:
951:
947:
941:
940:
935:This section
933:
929:
924:
923:
915:
913:
909:
905:
904:
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894:
892:
888:
887:protectionism
884:
880:
879:republicanism
876:
872:
868:
866:
862:
861:
854:
850:
848:
838:
829:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
811:Felix Krueger
808:
804:
800:
799:William Stern
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
776:
772:
764:
759:
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753:
749:
745:
737:
732:
728:
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718:
714:
710:
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689:
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629:
623:
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589:
588:authoritarian
584:
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418:
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415:South African
413:
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410:
406:
403:
400:
398:Resting place
396:
393:
389:
388:Assassination
386:
382:
379:
375:
374:Cape Province
371:
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73: â
72:
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67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3987:John Vorster
3981:
3943:
3889:South Africa
3834:
3799:. Retrieved
3788:
3776:. Retrieved
3769:
3760:
3749:
3740:
3719:. Retrieved
3708:
3699:
3690:
3678:. Retrieved
3674:the original
3667:
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3590:UN Chronicle
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3447:
3446:Allan Bird,
3442:
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3426:
3418:
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3405:
3400:
3392:
3366:. Retrieved
3362:the original
3352:
3344:
3340:
3328:. Retrieved
3324:
3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3298:
3288:
3276:. Retrieved
3272:
3262:
3242:
3235:
3224:, retrieved
3218:
3212:
3200:. Retrieved
3196:the original
3186:
3167:
3161:
3142:
3136:
3117:
3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3061:. Retrieved
3049:
3040:
3013:
3007:
2980:
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2929:
2923:
2915:
2893:. Retrieved
2889:
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2830:
2806:
2799:
2790:
2777:
2769:
2764:
2755:
2749:
2740:
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2718:
2709:
2697:. Retrieved
2693:the original
2688:
2679:
2664:The Guardian
2662:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2638:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2613:
2604:
2590:
2571:
2561:
2541:
2534:
2524:
2518:
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2508:
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2481:
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2463:
2459:Verwoerdburg
2443:Verwoerd Dam
2431:
2428:
2409:
2371:The town of
2370:
2335:
2326:
2303:
2276:
2264:
2260:
2251:Heroes' Acre
2244:
2219:
2214:Heroes' Acre
2187:
2176:
2167:
2163:arms embargo
2144:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2105:
2080:
2031:
2014:
2006:
2002:Elizabeth II
1991:
1979:Commonwealth
1968:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1923:
1916:
1757:District Six
1723:
1719:Desmond Tutu
1709:Oliver Tambo
1699:Helen Suzman
1599:Bram Fischer
1254:
1238:Daniel Malan
1235:
1218:Ben Schoeman
1214:Jan de Klerk
1190:E. G. Jansen
1185:
1156:
1150:October 2018
1147:
1132:Please help
1120:
1096:
1092:
1069:
1061:
1049:Daniel Malan
1046:
1031:
1008:
999:
989:
982:
975:
968:
956:
944:Please help
939:verification
936:
911:
901:
897:
895:
870:
869:
858:
855:
851:
843:
828:in Germany.
815:
807:Otto Lipmann
780:
768:
741:
681:
641:
624:
620:
616:World War II
585:
573:propagandist
548:
535:
534:
422:(until 1903)
365:(1966-09-06)
315:Succeeded by
269:
238:Succeeded by
206:(until 1961)
203:Elizabeth II
174:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
4018:1966 deaths
4013:1901 births
3992:P. W. Botha
3971:(1961â1984)
3934:D. F. Malan
3914:Louis Botha
3899:(1910â1961)
3721:2 September
3680:2 September
3368:6 September
3202:16 December
2719:BBC Archive
2619:1 September
2614:www.pbs.org
2414:, moved to
2329:August 2018
2216:in Pretoria
2108:David Pratt
2100:David Pratt
1659:Thabo Mbeki
1654:Govan Mbeki
1644:D. F. Malan
1639:Mac Maharaj
1574:P. W. Botha
1501:Broederbond
1262:C. R. Swart
1258:Eben Dönges
1194:C. R. Swart
1178:Eben Dönges
752:Spanish flu
725:Alfred Beit
688:Netherlands
644:D. F. Malan
604:Brotherhood
408:Nationality
354:Netherlands
303:Preceded by
246:Eben Dönges
226:Preceded by
219:(from 1961)
112:August 2018
4007:Categories
3906:from 1948)
3840:1958â1966
3526:1049908753
3063:4 February
3032:3902668325
2895:12 January
2447:Free State
2391:President
1767:Sophiatown
1734:Jacob Zuma
1619:Joel Joffe
1609:Chris Hani
1594:Ruth First
1579:Steve Biko
1436:Black Sash
1182:Paul Sauer
1057:Standerton
972:newspapers
670:Early life
510:Occupation
478:Alma mater
343:1901-09-08
191:1966-09-06
183:1958-09-02
82:newspapers
3929:Jan Smuts
3919:Jan Smuts
3904:Apartheid
3715:Cape Town
3058:0040-781X
2510:Citations
2477:Footnotes
2321:citations
2313:talk page
2257:Aftermath
2196:, at the
2022:Afrikaans
1919:apartheid
1788:Vlakplaas
1752:Bantustan
1689:Joe Slovo
1285:Apartheid
1268:Apartheid
1230:Tom Naudé
1198:Eric Louw
1121:does not
744:Brandfort
684:Amsterdam
608:Calvinist
600:Afrikaans
557:apartheid
518:Signature
370:Cape Town
350:Amsterdam
270:In office
212:President
175:In office
3778:9 August
3478:The Star
3461:The Star
3226:22 March
2999:49834339
2669:Archived
2455:Pretoria
2192:, Chief
1971:republic
1965:Republic
1939:baasskap
1928:baasskap
1879:Category
1783:Sun City
1277:a series
1275:Part of
1074:and the
903:The Star
883:populism
709:Rhodesia
705:Bulawayo
697:Lutheran
650:baasskap
630:and the
469:Children
434:National
392:stabbing
248:(acting)
165:6th
3902:(under
3330:19 June
3304:19 June
3278:19 June
2724:18 June
2445:in the
2241:Funeral
2157:passed
2009:Belgium
1985:, then
1142:removed
1127:sources
986:scholar
795:Leipzig
686:in the
463:
451:
199:Monarch
189: (
181: (
96:scholar
3801:29 May
3710:News24
3610:
3524:
3514:
3325:News24
3273:News24
3250:
3174:
3149:
3124:
3101:29 May
3056:
3030:
3020:
2997:
2987:
2962:
2958:â452.
2868:
2843:
2818:
2699:7 July
2644:7 July
2578:
2549:
2416:Orania
2405:Orania
2373:Orania
2285:Legacy
1778:Soweto
1746:Places
1563:People
1511:COSATU
1461:FOSATU
1371:CODESA
1306:Events
988:
981:
974:
967:
959:
793:, and
791:Berlin
457:
440:Spouse
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2482:Notes
2204:Death
993:JSTOR
979:books
824:than
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453:(
449:
420:Dutch
103:JSTOR
89:books
3803:2008
3780:2017
3723:2021
3682:2021
3669:Time
3608:ISBN
3522:OCLC
3512:ISBN
3370:2012
3332:2018
3306:2018
3280:2018
3248:ISBN
3228:2023
3204:2009
3172:ISBN
3147:ISBN
3122:ISBN
3103:2008
3065:2024
3054:ISSN
3050:Time
3028:OCLC
3018:ISBN
2995:OCLC
2985:ISBN
2960:ISBN
2897:2024
2866:ISBN
2841:ISBN
2816:ISBN
2726:2021
2701:2017
2646:2017
2621:2023
2576:ISBN
2547:ISBN
2399:and
2084:FIFA
2032:The
1546:SACP
1536:SAMA
1531:SAIC
1526:SADF
1521:SACC
1416:APLA
1260:and
1248:and
1228:and
1196:and
1125:any
1123:cite
965:news
885:and
805:and
775:B.A.
612:volk
459:1927
360:Died
333:Born
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3887:of
2956:451
2812:154
2453:in
2437:in
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1491:PAC
1481:HNP
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