40:
273:(I to IV) into more specific classes, given letters from A to N. Also, the letter O was used for stars whose spectra consisted mainly of bright lines, the letter P for planetary nebulae, and the letter Q for spectra not fitting into any of the classes A through P. No star of type N appeared in the catalogue, and the only star of type O was the
286:
and
Pickering published a more detailed study of the spectra of bright stars in the northern hemisphere in 1897. Maury used classifications numbered from I to XXII; groups I to XX corresponded to subdivisions of the Draper Catalogue types B, A, F, G, K, and M, while XXI and XXII corresponded to the
325:
catalogs for 225,300 stars. The classification scheme used was similar to that used in Cannon's 1901 work, except that types such as B, A, B5A, F2G, and so on, had been changed to B0, A0, B5, F2, and so on. As well as the classes O through M, P was used for nebulae and R and N for
310:, but dropped all letters except O, B, A, F, G, K, and M, used in that order, as well as P for planetary nebulae and Q for some peculiar spectra. She also used types such as B5A for stars halfway between types B and A, F2G for stars one-fifth of the way from F to G, and so forth.
478:
Nesterov, V. V.; Kuzmin, A. V.; Ashimbaeva, N. T.; Volchkov, A. A.; Röser, S.; Bastian, U. (1995). "The Henry Draper
Extension Charts: A catalogue of accurate positions, proper motions, magnitudes and spectral types of 86933 stars".
380:
as bright as the faintest stars visible with the naked eye). The extensions contain stars as faint as the 11th magnitude selected from certain regions of the sky. Stars in the original catalogue are numbered from 1 to 225300 (prefix
165:, became interested in Pickering's research and agreed to fund it under the name Henry Draper Memorial. Pickering and his coworkers then began to take an objective-prism survey of the sky and to classify the resulting spectra.
1278:: A catalogue of accurate positions, proper motions, magnitudes and spectral types of 86933 stars, V. V. Nesterov, A. V. Kuzmin, N. T. Ashimbaeva, A. A. Volchkov, S. Roeser, and U. Bastian,
341:(the first portion of these charts was published in 1937.) These charts also contained some classifications by Margaret Walton Mayall, who supervised the work after Cannon's death.
333:
Pickering died on
February 3, 1919, leaving 6 volumes to be overseen by Cannon. Cannon found spectral classifications for 46,850 fainter stars in selected regions of the sky in the
317:
itself started in 1911. From 1912 to 1915, Cannon and her coworkers classified spectra at the rate of approximately 5,000 per month. The catalogue was published in 9 volumes of the
455:
into a machine-readable format was more difficult, but this task was eventually completed by 1995 by
Nesterov, Röser and their coworkers, and the charts are now available at
817:
Cannon, Annie J.; Pickering, Edward C. (1901). "Spectra of bright southern stars photographed with the 13-inch Boyden telescope as part of the Henry Draper
Memorial".
265:, published in 1890. This catalogue contained spectroscopic classifications for 10,351 stars, mostly north of declination −25°. Most of the classification was done by
337:, published in six parts between 1925 and 1936. She continued classifying stars until her death in 1941. Most of these classifications were published in 1949 in the
106:), published from 1937 to 1949 in the form of charts, which gave classifications for 86,933 more stars. In all, 359,083 stars were classified as of August 2017.
43:
766:
Maury, Antonia C.; Pickering, Edward C. (1897). "Spectra of bright stars photographed with the 11-inch Draper
Telescope as part of the Henry Draper Memorial".
738:
Pickering, Edward C. (1890). "The Draper
Catalogue of stellar spectra photographed with the 8-inch Bache telescope as a part of the Henry Draper memorial".
1279:
1264:
1249:
1222:
496:
444:
287:
Draper
Catalogue types N and O. She was the first to place B stars in their current position, prior to A stars, in the spectral classification.
121:
was part of a pioneering effort to classify stellar spectra, and its catalogue numbers are commonly used as a way of identifying stars.
321:
between 1918 and 1924. It contains rough positions, magnitudes, spectral classifications, and, where possible, cross-references to the
1299:
1304:
547:
1201:
1158:
1055:
676:
620:
581:
405:
may be used regardless as its use produces no ambiguity. Many stars are customarily identified by their HD numbers.
663:
Women in
Science: Antiquity Through the Nineteenth Century: a Biographical Dictionary with Annotated Bibliography
154:
149:
in 1872. He took over a hundred more photographs of stellar spectra before his death in 1882. In 1885,
1173:
313:
Between 1910 and 1915, new discoveries increased interest in stellar classification, and work on the
117:
of about 9; the extensions added fainter stars in certain areas of the sky. The construction of the
420:
150:
1150:
1009:
995:
981:
967:
953:
939:
925:
911:
897:
428:
401:). However, as the numbering is continuous throughout the catalog and its extensions, the prefix
162:
96:), published between 1925 and 1936, which gave classifications for 46,850 more stars, and by the
1047:
349:
114:
83:
612:
1142:
604:
492:
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1319:
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1080:
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907:
893:
826:
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701:
668:
526:
488:
1071:
Cannon, Annie Jump; Shapley, Harlow (1937). "The Henry Draper charts of stellar spectra".
8:
1143:
299:
274:
113:, an amateur astronomer, and covers the entire sky almost completely down to an apparent
1127:
1084:
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705:
530:
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361:
266:
1154:
1051:
672:
616:
605:
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390:
303:
1114:
Cannon, Annie J.; Mayall, Margaret Walton (1949). "The Henry Draper extension. II".
1042:
The
Analysis of Starlight: One Hundred and Fifty Years of Astronomical Spectroscopy
661:
555:
1268:
1226:
1198:
397:), and stars from the extension charts are numbered from 272151 to 359083 (prefix
1283:
1205:
637:
500:
386:
344:
The catalogue and its extensions were the first large-scale attempt to catalogue
158:
393:
1900.0. Stars in the first extension are numbered from 225301 to 272150 (prefix
322:
290:
In 1890, the Harvard College Observatory constructed an observation station in
270:
142:
76:
1293:
880:
Cannon, Annie J.; Pickering, Edward C. (1918). "The Henry Draper Catalogue".
345:
283:
80:
600:
134:
110:
30:
302:, and a study of bright stars in the southern hemisphere was published by
1199:
Astronomical Data Center CD-ROM: Selected Astronomical Catalogs, Volume 3
1145:
From Dust to Stars: Studies of the Formation and Early Evolution of Stars
327:
1221:
Henry Draper Catalogue and Extension, A. J. Cannon and E. C. Pickering,
448:
269:. The classification scheme used was to subdivide the previously used
52:
73:
133:
dates back to the earliest photographic studies of stellar spectra.
1189:
See p. 2, Cannon and Shapley 1937 and p. 369, Nesterov et al. 1995.
451:
as catalogue number III/135A. Because of their format, putting the
360:
Stars contained in the main portion of the catalogue are of medium
291:
138:
277:
477:
1245:
1244:
and its extensions are available on line free of charge at the
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440:
424:
39:
638:"On the Henry Draper Memorial Photographs of Stellar Spectra"
548:"HD (S0): HENRY DRAPER star catalog, edition 1985 (19930406)"
306:
and Pickering in 1901. Cannon used the lettered types of the
1209:
417:
295:
169:
Classifications in the Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra
146:
574:
Measuring the Universe: The Cosmological Distance Ladder
517:
Cannon, Annie. J. (1936). "The Henry Draper extension".
692:
Cannon, Annie J. (1915). "The Henry Draper Memorial".
352:
scheme of stellar spectra which is still used today.
611:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p.
694:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
1039:
660:
642:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
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153:began to supervise photographic spectroscopy at
86:for 225,300 stars; it was later expanded by the
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879:
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599:
792:
765:
1250:Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg
1097:
1070:
1113:
481:Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series
1024:, pp. 121–122, 128, 133–134; also see
447:(French for "Astronomical Data Center") at
595:
593:
554:. Willmann-Bell, Inc. 1996. Archived from
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385:) and are numbered in order of increasing
348:of stars, and its construction led to the
1101:
1037:
1021:
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721:
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607:Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction
355:
79:published between 1918 and 1924, giving
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1212:. Accessed on line September 11, 2008.
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1046:. Cambridge University Press. p.
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691:
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542:
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233:Wolf–Rayet spectra with bright lines.
137:made the first photograph of a star's
1116:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
1073:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
882:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
819:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
768:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
740:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
519:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
512:
510:
319:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
1263:, A. J. Cannon and E. C. Pickering,
571:
261:A first result of this work was the
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537:
308:Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra
263:Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra
13:
507:
14:
1336:
1235:
603:; Gallagher, John S. III (2007).
298:in order to study the sky in the
222:Did not appear in the catalogue.
161:method. In 1886, Draper's widow,
1300:Astronomical catalogues of stars
659:Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey (1986).
109:The HD catalogue is named after
38:
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445:Centre de Données astronomiques
1305:Henry Draper Catalogue objects
1180:, accessed September 12, 2008.
1178:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
685:
652:
629:
1:
1276:Henry Draper Extension Charts
462:
459:as catalogue number III/182.
453:Henry Draper Extension Charts
339:Henry Draper Extension Charts
99:Henry Draper Extension Charts
1208:, Astronomical Data Center,
1028:, vol. 1, pp. 5–11
7:
1141:Schulz, Norbert S. (2005).
1026:Cannon & Pickering 1918
846:, pp. 110–111, 117–118
155:Harvard College Observatory
16:Astronomical star catalogue
10:
1341:
793:Maury & Pickering 1897
756:See in particular pp. 1–2.
636:Barker, George F. (1887).
124:
1098:Cannon & Shapley 1937
1038:Hearnshaw, J. B. (1986).
576:. Springer. p. 327.
364:, down to about 9 (about
191:Hydrogen lines dominant.
49:
36:
26:
421:Astronomical Data Center
416:were available from the
44:Related media on Commons
493:1995A&AS..110..367N
439:are available from the
429:astronomical catalogues
423:as part of their third
199:E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L
163:Mary Anna Palmer Draper
1257:Henry Draper Catalogue
1242:Henry Draper Catalogue
572:Webb, Stephen (1999).
410:Henry Draper Catalogue
356:Availability and usage
350:Harvard classification
335:Henry Draper Extension
315:Henry Draper Catalogue
131:Henry Draper Catalogue
119:Henry Draper Catalogue
115:photographic magnitude
89:Henry Draper Extension
65:Henry Draper Catalogue
22:Henry Draper Catalogue
667:. MIT Press. p.
145:when he photographed
1149:. Springer. p.
1128:1949AnHar.112....1C
1085:1937AnHar.105....1C
1010:1924AnHar..99....1C
996:1923AnHar..98....1C
982:1922AnHar..97....1C
968:1921AnHar..96....1C
954:1920AnHar..95....1C
940:1919AnHar..94....1C
926:1919AnHar..93....1C
912:1918AnHar..92....1C
898:1918AnHar..91....1C
831:1901AnHar..28..129C
780:1897AnHar..28....1M
752:1890AnHar..27....1P
706:1915JRASC...9..203C
531:1936AnHar.100....1C
300:Southern Hemisphere
244:Planetary nebulae.
170:
23:
1204:2008-09-16 at the
870:, pp. 214–215
858:, pp. 117–119
267:Williamina Fleming
168:
129:The origin of the
21:
1174:Annie Jump Cannon
1160:978-3-540-23711-2
1057:978-0-521-25548-6
678:978-0-262-65038-0
622:978-0-521-85593-8
583:978-1-85233-106-1
431:. Currently, the
304:Annie Jump Cannon
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141:showing distinct
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255:Other spectra.
159:objective prism
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84:classifications
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1102:Hearnshaw 1986
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888:hours 0 to 3,
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74:astronomical
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31:Henry Draper
18:
1325:1940s books
1320:1930s books
1315:1920s books
1310:1910s books
1176:, article,
868:Cannon 1915
188:A, B, C, D
27:Named after
1294:Categories
648:: 166–172.
463:References
449:Strasbourg
1261:Extension
795:, Table I
746:: 1–388.
437:Extension
433:Catalogue
414:Extension
362:magnitude
1269:III/135A
1227:III/135A
1202:Archived
1079:(1): 1.
1004:(1924),
990:(1923),
976:(1922),
962:(1921),
948:(1920),
934:(1919),
920:(1919),
906:(1918),
892:(1918),
552:HyperSky
412:and the
389:for the
292:Arequipa
249:—
238:—
227:—
180:Comment
139:spectrum
72:) is an
1284:III/182
1124:Bibcode
1081:Bibcode
1006:Bibcode
992:Bibcode
978:Bibcode
964:Bibcode
950:Bibcode
936:Bibcode
922:Bibcode
908:Bibcode
894:Bibcode
827:Bibcode
825:: 129.
776:Bibcode
748:Bibcode
702:Bibcode
700:: 203.
527:Bibcode
501:III/182
489:Bibcode
487:: 367.
378:
366:
278:HR 2583
125:History
1246:VizieR
1157:
1054:
675:
619:
580:
457:VizieR
441:VizieR
425:CD-ROM
177:Draper
174:Secchi
37:
1122:: 1.
774:: 1.
525:: 1.
391:epoch
51:[
1274:The
1259:and
1240:The
1210:NASA
1155:ISBN
1052:ISBN
673:ISBN
617:ISBN
578:ISBN
435:and
418:NASA
408:The
399:HDEC
296:Peru
206:III
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