574:, faced a meeting of shareholders at the Athenaeum Hall to present a plan for the financial reconstruction of the bank. The plan included the calling-up from shareholders of all outstanding capital (which led in many cases to shareholders being forced into bankruptcy) and the compulsory conversion of fixed deposits into preference shares. Deposit accounts under £100 could be operated upon, but larger balances were subjected to a postponed obligation. In presenting the reconstruction plan, Service told the shareholders that there was no alternative course "between rejection and acceptance of these proposals", adding: "Either accept this proposal or go into liquidation". The meeting of shareholders was generally sympathetic to the proposals by the directors and "not a single dissentient voice was raised throughout the whole of the proceedings". When Turner addressed the meeting, he stated: "It has been the wish of my life to see the Commercial Bank restored to its former prosperity", adding: "I can honestly say that we have worked diligently, unremittingly, and with intense singleness of purpose in the interests of the shareholders". Writing a decade later of the Commercial Bank's reconstruction scheme, Turner admitted that it was "an infraction of the unwritten law and honorable traditions of the English banking system" and was "fully open to the charge of being oppressive and inequitable", adding "but the only alternative was not to be contemplated".
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during the speculative boom and advanced loans to the land speculators. As the building societies began to fail in the early 1890s, the
Commercial Bank hastened the process by withdrawing their overdraft facilities. During 1892 the exposure of the bank to the failed speculators "became a favourite subject of gossip" and its deposits began draining away. In the first three months of 1893 withdrawn deposits totalled one million pounds. The Commercial Bank's share price was an indicator of the declining confidence in the bank. From its peak of £12 in 1890, the shares were priced at £2.8s by late March 1893. On 2 March 1893 the Victorian government proposed a fund to be formed through the Associated Banks for any bank requiring assistance. Under the proposed model the Commercial Bank would receive £1.9 million, but the bank argued that this was insufficient and demanded the Associated Banks undertake to meet all of its deposits (about £11 million) and sought public declarations of support from the Associated Banks and the colonial government. The government and the other banks declined to offer an unqualified guarantee and on Wednesday, 5 April, immediately after the Easter holidays, the Commercial Bank suspended deposit withdrawal payments.
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unexpectedly slow process of realising old assets"; to avoid the suspension of the bank once again, he claimed that "the making of better terms with creditors was unavoidable". The complex rearrangement scheme involved the freezing of deposits, to be paid back over time. After the scheme was approved the chairman of the meeting delivered the following remarks: "All had been sufferers in the collapse, and must do what they could to put the old bank right again, as well as to put a brave face on matters and bring back prosperity to the dear old colony". In March 1897 the
Commercial Bank took advantage of the new Companies Act to write down its capital by 1.2 million pounds, which Turner explained by the depreciation of the bank's securities and the inability of its debtors to pay in full. In 1897 the bank formed the Special Assets Trust Co. Ltd., into which all the unrealised assets of the old bank (mainly land) were placed. These assets were gradually sold and the funds used to eventually liquidate the bank's liabilities amounting to twelve million pounds.
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the large influx of
British capital". When that source of finance began to diminish "the end came with unlooked-for suddenness". Turner added: "Scores of business men, who saw that this result must follow, and loudly predicted it, found themselves entangled in the ramifications that ensued, so widespread had been the operations, so complicated the inter-relation of the numerous companies and their satellites". In his address, Turner gave an optimistic assessment of the colony's future in view of its "natural vigorous growth in numbers and in wealth", concluding that Victoria "has not suffered any depletion of its own resources, while a permanent and substantial advance in values has undoubtedly been established".
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balance sheet was in a "most unsatisfactory" state. Turner was given the immediate task of making "a searching investigation" into the bank's finances and to "eliminate all bad and doubtful assets, in order that the shareholders might feel perfect confidence in the basis on which the future prosperity of the bank must be built". Under Turner's guidance the
Commercial Bank began to build up its business and undergo expansion. He was successful in attracting mercantile and farming interests to the bank and distributed shareholders' profits with caution. By the mid-1880s the Commercial Bank held deposits of £2,250,000, a reserve fund of £120,000, paid a ten percent dividend, and had opened branches throughout
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lending and large capital inflows from
Britain. During the height of the speculative boom, from about 1883 to the end of 1888, many building societies and property finance companies (known as 'land banks') emerged, reliant on banks loans but also in competition with the banks. During the boom the commercial banks lent heavily to the land finance companies, mortgage companies, and other entities and individuals who speculated on the property and stock markets. The period of frenzied speculation was marked by a weakening of the prudential standards of the commercial banks.
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Library and
National Gallery of Victoria, trustee of St. Kilda Cemetery, trustee of the Unitarian Church, member of council of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, the Melbourne Chamber of Commerce, the Victorian Rowing Association and a member of the Melbourne, Yorick and Bohemian Clubs. In late-May 1917 Turner delivered a public lecture at the National Gallery of Victoria on the topic of 'The War and Literature'. In May 1919, after he was re-elected as chairman of the board of trustees of the Victorian National Gallery, Turner was the subject of criticism in
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convicted" Turner advocated permanent banishment to an inescapable island where "no restraint should be put upon their actions" and "no doubt anarchy and violence would be rampant". Although Turner had "some qualms about the killing of paupers and the physically unfit", he nevertheless had a less-immediate solution: "The physically sick and helpless, and afflicted poor, we must continue to bear the burden of while they last, without too assiduously striving – under the impulse of a mistaken sympathy – to prolong their unhappy existence". An editorial in the
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deposits petered out and the colonial banks began to tighten lending due to the increased cost of
British loans, leading to a succession of failures of the building societies and land banks. The growing number of failures caused a severe decline in public confidence in financial institutions, broadening the crisis to those institutions at the core of the financial system, the commercial banks.
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participant in the events. Turner's description of the boom and subsequent bust is described as skating "over very thin ice", in view of "his own part in the bad business". ... The review concluded: "The book is crude in thought, illiberal in feeling, malicious towards individuals, fawning towards personal friends... ; coloured in its facts and distorted in its deductions".
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an attempt to allay the growing panic in the community. Although what was agreed upon fell well short of an open-ended obligation to support each other, their public statement lacked details and had a vague positivity which the colonial press interpreted as a virtual blanket mutual guarantee and consequently the growing panic was alleviated.
611:, the reviewer was critical of the authors' "notable omissions" and failure to "attach sufficient weight to the ever-increasing number of young authors who... are gradually permeating the country with an original literature... dealing with genuine phases of Australian social conditions and the life and character of the people".
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the ten months before its closure the bank lost a third of its
Australian deposits. After examining various options the Associated Banks declined to support the Federal Bank, contrary to the general perception of its public statement of March 1892. Their inaction undermined confidence in the banking system and led to
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fight". The writer took the opportunity to remind readers that Turner was "a prominent and questionable player in one of the most execrable financial crashes of modern times" and "one of the leading first robbers guilty of the criminal incapability which caused the Land Boom, and led to its disastrous results".
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James
Service had been a member of the Legislative Assembly. During 1880 he was briefly premier of Victoria, leading a minority government. He was elected to the Legislative Council in 1888. Service had been appointed as a director of the Commercial Bank in June 1870 (at about the time of Turner's
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George Coppin was a member of the
Victorian Legislative Assembly during the periods 1874 to 1877 and 1883 to 1889, after which he served as an elected member of the Legislative Council until August 1895. He was a major shareholder in the Commercial Bank of Australia and was on the board of directors
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closed its doors and suspended the payment of deposit withdrawals. It was the smallest member of the Associated Banks and had previous direct ownership links to a building society. Reports of ongoing links between the bank's management and the building society had sullied the bank's reputation and in
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Over many years, both during his working life and in retirement, Turner was a member of multiple institutions, associations and philanthropic organisations in Melbourne, often taking on office-bearer roles. Such memberships included: life member of the Royal Colonial Institute, trustee of the Public
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The Commercial Bank of Australia under Turner's management had been the fastest-growing bank during the 1880s and by September 1892 it represented 17 percent of total bank assets in Victoria. The bank had aggressively competed for the accounts of the building societies and land development companies
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The Commercial Bank was a member of the Associated Banks of Victoria, an alliance of the colony's largest banks which was formally constituted in 1877 by those institutions that conducted the government's banking business in Victoria. In March 1892 the Associated Banks met to discuss joint action in
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in Melbourne, which was established there in the early 1850s. By 1860 he held the role of secretary in the church organisation and by 1870 he was one of six elected lay preachers. In October 1870 Turner's younger sister Martha arrived from England and also joined the congregation. From about October
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offered him the position of general manager of that Melbourne-based institution, which he accepted. He began working there in July 1870, replacing George Valentine as general manager. The Commercial Bank had recently been the subject of extensive fraud by Thomas Draper, its chief accountant, and its
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Turner had deep interest in the arts and, during his working life and into his retirement, he pursued a wide range of cultural interests, taking leading roles in associated organisations. He had a particular interest in literature, establishing and editing literary magazines and, in 1898, co-writing
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The remainder of Turner's estate was set apart to create the 'Helen Gyles Turner Samaritan Fund', to pay an annual contribution to a number of Melbourne charities, with a provision to make further donations to "any public relief fund established in connection with any public calamity or distress in
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was particularly scathing, describing the banker's ideas as "characteristic of the crass Conservatism of which Turner is a shining light", representing "Individualism with the mask off, and show in all its nakedness the tyrannical brutality... and the blatant selfish ignorance that Socialism has to
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The Commercial Bank remained on the brink of collapse for many years. In July 1896 a general meeting of "extended depositors" of the bank was held at the Athenaeum Hall, where those present were asked to approve a "rearrangement scheme". James Service told the meeting of declining earnings and "the
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In May 1889 Turner, in his role as president of the Melbourne Chamber of Commerce, gave a speech on the subject of the land boom and its unraveling. The bank manager attributed the intensification of "the whole wild reckless business" to the "exceptionally easy condition of the money market, due to
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also began conducting services in the Unitarian church as a lay preacher. In October 1873 Miss Turner was elected by the congregation as the permanent minister of the church, following the death of Rev. Henry Higginson six months earlier. By her election to the role Martha became the first woman in
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newspaper gave it a scathing review, describing it as exhibiting "the narrowest spirit of political rancour". The reviewer took particular note of the author's account of the Victorian speculative boom of the 1880s, during which Turner, as manager of the Commercial Bank, was a prominent and active
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In about 1865 Turner was promoted to chief accountant at the Bank of Australasia. In August 1866 he was involved in the formation of the Banks Rowing Club, a boating club "consisting entirely of gentlemen engaged in the Melbourne banks". In September 1871 Turner was elected president of the club.
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underwent a rapid and unrestricted period of real estate inflation and land speculation, during which the Commercial Bank extended loans to the land finance companies and speculators. The boom ended by the early 1890s and the subsequent fall in property prices led to bankruptcies, the collapse of
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concluded: "Thus, with the sick and poor succumbing to their ailments and to starvation, and the evil-doer – the poor evil-doer, of course – driven away beyond the seas, the social world would happily consist of only good men with money and social distinction of the Henry Gyles Turner type!". An
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In about 1851 Turner began work in a lowly-paid position as a clerk with the London Joint-Stock Bank, with a starting salary of £60 a year. In September 1854 he clashed with his managers "concerning the method of promotion in the office" and was requested to resign. Turner decided to emigrate to
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newspaper as representing the reactionary views standing in the way of progress at the gallery. Turner and other trustees were described as "harmless old gentlemen with no special knowledge of art, a conservative distaste for new ideas, and quaint, old-fashioned notions of what is respectable".
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newspaper as: "The banker sternly eliminates the emotions as a factor in his creed, and bases his conclusions on the logic of pagan philosophy – of the survival of the fittest, the fittest being always those who are most capable of suppressing the other". For criminals who had been "three times
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Property prices continued to collapse during 1889, but at first most of the property companies survived from British investments and loans from colonial commercial banks. It became evident that that the fall in property prices was not a temporary fluctuation. By about 1891 the inflow of British
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Turner was a founder, a leading contributor and first president of the Eclectic Association of Victoria, established in May 1867. The Association's stated object was "the unrestricted temperate investigation and discussion of any subject whatever of general social interest and importance". On 2
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By the 1880s, as the children of the emigrants of the 1850s reached maturity and with pastoral expansion and public investment near their peaks, the colony of Victoria underwent a rapid and unrestricted period of real estate inflation and land speculation, financed by a rapid expansion of bank
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with initial capital of £100. The quarterly magazine, described as being "devoted to social, philosophical, speculative, and general literary subjects", was commenced in January 1876 and edited by Martin for the first six years. The first issue included articles such as Turner's 'An Episode in
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As it had done for the Federal Bank, the Associated Banks refused to bail out the Commercial Bank, but on this occasion the likely reason was that the body "simply did not have enough funds to engage in a wholesale bailout". On Thursday, 6 April, Turner and one of the bank's directors,
599:, the writer described the title as "somewhat pretentious", there being "scarcely an attempt to epitomise the characteristics of our indigenous literature, to gauge its quality or to estimate its future". With more than two-thirds of the volume "devoted to appreciative biographies" of
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On two occasions Turner received offers to become manager of branches of the Bank of Australasia in New Zealand, both of which he declined. In June 1870 he was about to take up the position of manager of the Brisbane branch of the Bank of Australasia, when the directors of the
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after the driver lost control of the horses, with the coach plunging twenty-five feet below the road. Turner was "severely hurt, and his wife was greatly shaken and distressed". Turner returned to Melbourne in April 1898, "almost fully recovered" from his injuries.
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The University of Melbourne was bequeathed a thousand pounds in Turner's will, for the purpose of establishing 'The Henry Gyles Turner Scholarship' to encourage "the scientific study of Agriculture". The perpetual scholarship commenced in 1923.
273:, offered Turner an opportunity to write for the journal. During 1856 and 1857 he had two serialised short stories published, 'The Captive of Gippsland' and 'The Confessions of a Loafer'. Turner was involved in the launch of the short-lived
218:, the publisher and bookseller. In 1850 Turner delivered his first lecture before the St. George's Club in London, on the subject of 'American Literature'. In 1851 he edited a short-lived journal published by the St. George's Club called
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in Melbourne, initially undertaking clerical duties. Before leaving England Turner had become engaged to Helen Ramsay, who emigrated to Melbourne on a later voyage to join her fiancé. The couple were married on 28 September 1855 at
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After settling in the inner-city suburb of South Yarra, Turner began to pursue a range of cultural and recreational interests. On the voyage to Australia Turner had met and become friends with the actor and theatrical entrepreneur
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and in early April it suspended deposit withdrawal payments. Under Turner's management the bank, in order to survive, was compelled to undertake a radical reconstruction of its finances, a process that took many years.
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Turner retired from the Commercial Bank of Australia in June 1901 after thirty-one years as general manager. The reason for his retirement was reported as "continued ill-health consequent on his New Zealand accident".
430:. He supervised the establishment of an office of the Commercial Bank in London, which opened its doors in July 1882. Turner was one of three prominent Victorians to represent the colony as commissioners at the
480:. The couple stayed in London for much of the time, though for several months they undertook "a holiday tour on the Continent". Turner and his wife returned to Melbourne in late February 1889 aboard the
265:. Turner joined a theatrical group called the Histrionic Society, with which he performed in city theatres and country towns. It was while working at the Bank of Australasia that Turner first met
713:. Direct contributions of £250 each were made to the "sustentation fund" of the Unitarian Christian Church and the Queen's Fund of Melbourne and of £100 each to four other Melbourne charities.
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building societies and a loss of confidence in the banking sector. By early 1893, with depositors increasingly withdrawing their savings, the Commercial Bank was on the brink of
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In 1886 Turner took an active part in founding the Bankers' Institute and was elected its first president. In 1887 Turner purchased land in Tennyson Street,
181:. Turner was a prolific writer on a range of cultural, historical and political subjects, producing articles, publications and delivering lectures. Turner's
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Henry Gyles Turner died on 20 November 1920, aged 88, at his residence 'Bundalohn', in Tennyson Street, St. Kilda. He was buried at the St. Kilda cemetery.
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September 1869 Turner delivered a paper before the Eclectic Association debunking spiritualism. The paper was later published as a twenty-page booklet.
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Turner's estate was valued at £29,233 and was the subject of several bequests, including a large collection of his books and manuscripts to the
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in Melbourne, through the bank's London headquarters. On 4 October 1854 he departed from Southampton aboard the screw-propelled steamship
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In April 1884 Turner was one of three new appointments as trustees of the Public Library, Museums, and National Gallery of Victoria.
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In early March 1898, Turner and his wife were on a holiday tour of New Zealand when they were involved in a coach accident near
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Wine Exhibition which opened in June 1882. On 28 September 1882 he attended a banquet in London celebrating the victory of the
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Following the death of his mother in 1876, Turner left Australia in March 1877 for a visit to England and a holiday in Europe.
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Memorial of Keith J. Barrett, 4th Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), Who was Mortally Wounded at Guemappe, in France
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As a young man Turner engaged in sports and recreational pursuits. On holidays he undertook activities such as climbing the
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Under Turner's management the Commercial Bank expanded its business to become a major Australian bank. During the 1880s the
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Turner's wife Helen died in late-May 1914. The couple had no children. Helen Turner was buried in the St. Kilda cemetery.
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269:, a fellow-employee in the bank's stationary department. In 1856 W. Sydney Gibbons, the editor of the monthly magazine
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Charles R. Hickson & John D. Turner (2002), 'Free banking gone awry: the Australian banking crisis of 1893',
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banker, writer and historian. He entered the banking profession as a clerk in London, and in 1855 emigrated to
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In April 1899 an article written by Turner titled 'The Treatment of Paupers and Criminals' was published in
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A History of the Colony of Victoria From its Discovery to its Absorption into the Commonwealth of Australia
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A History of the Colony of Victoria From its Discovery to its Absorption into the Commonwealth of Australia
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789:(a lecture delivered in the Melbourne Public Library on 7 June 1916), Melbourne : George Robertson.
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that were suspected of being in a weakened condition, in particular the Commercial Bank of Australia.
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469:, on which he had constructed 'Bundalohn', a grand double-storey brick house in the Italianate style.
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A History of Last-resort Lending and Other Support for Troubled Financial Institutions in Australia
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277:, first published in September 1865. He also contributed articles to journals such as Melbourne's
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website, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University; accessed 11 December 2023.
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Dallas Sutherland, Killed in France, Saturday, 19th August, 1916, aged 26 Years: A Brief Memorial
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website, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University; accessed 6 February 2024.
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The First Decade of the Australian Commonwealth: A Chronicle of Contemporary Politics, 1901-1910
502:, 21 April 1886, in response to critical comments by the banker directed at the Melbourne press.
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Lithographic print of the Unitarian church in Grey Street (now Cathedral Place), East Melbourne.
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website, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University; accessed 4 January 2024.
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website, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University; accessed 3 January 2024.
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Spiritualism: A Paper read Before the Eclectic Association of Melbourne, on September 2nd, 1869
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618:. The article attracted press attention for its extreme views, summarised in an editorial in
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461:'Bundalohn' in Tennyson Street, St. Kilda, the home of Henry Gyles Turner and his wife.
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Henry Gyles Turner, general manager of the Commercial Bank of Australia (published in
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was published for ten years. During its later years Turner was the joint editor with
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Turner's two-volume history of Victoria was published in November 1904. Melbourne's
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In September 1881 Turner was elected president of the Victorian Rowing Association.
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appointment as general manager) and became chairman of the board in 1871. In 1892
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On 22 February 1882 Turner left on a business trip to England aboard the steamship
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where he advanced his career. In 1870 Turner was appointed general manager of the
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California Banking', describing the suspension and resumption of business of the
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David T. Merrett (2013), 'The Australian Bank Crashes of the 1890s Revisited',
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Sir John O'Shanassy, Mr. J. G. Francis, and Mr. John Macgregor were trustees...
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In 1905 Turner was elected president of the Melbourne Shakespeare Society.
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No. 17. - Henry Gyles Turner, Esq., "Bundalohn," Tennyson St., St. Kilda
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Victoria". The fund was still operating as a charitable trust in 2022.
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498:'Very Hard on Them', a cartoon featuring H. Gyles Turner, published in
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Gyles). He was educated for four years at the Poland Street Academy in
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against the English side. Turner returned to Australia aboard the
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website, National Library of Australia; accessed 2 February 2024.
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website, National Gallery of Victoria; accessed 4 February 2024.
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Turner and Alexander Sutherland collaborated in the writing of
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In early March 1888 Turner and his wife left for England, via
206:, the son of a tailor, William Turner, and his wife Caroline (
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Bryan Fitz-Gibbon & Marianne Gizycki (2001), pages 26-27.
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website, University of Melbourne; accessed 22 February 2024.
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Bryan Fitz-Gibbon & Marianne Gizycki (2001), page 24-25.
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214:. When he was aged about fifteen, Turner was apprenticed to
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Our Own Little Rebellion: The Story of the Eureka Stockade
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Charles R. Hickson & John D. Turner (2002), page 162.
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Charles R. Hickson & John D. Turner (2002), page 159.
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Charles R. Hickson & John D. Turner (2002), page 161.
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Bryan Fitz-Gibbon & Marianne Gizycki (2001), page 19.
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Bryan Fitz-Gibbon & Marianne Gizycki (2001), page 22.
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Bryan Fitz-Gibbon & Marianne Gizycki (2001), page 21.
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Eclectic Association of Victoria: Laws, Session of 1873-4
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The War, With Some Thoughts on its Aftermath in Australia
593:, published in 1898. In a review of the book in Sydney's
763:(in two volumes) (1904), London: Longmans, Green and Co.
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replaced Service as chairman of the board of directors.
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Henry Gyles Turner & Alexander Sutherland (1898),
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In 1914 a portrait in oils of Turner was completed by
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Australia and managed to secure an appointment in the
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UTR6.035 The Henry Gyles Turner Scholarship (1923 - )
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website, Museums Victoria; accessed 9 February 2024.
160:, a position he held until his retirement in 1901.
148:(12 December 1831 – 30 November 1920) was a notable
198:Henry Gyles Turner was born on 12 December 1831 at
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Australian banker, historian and writer (1831–1920)
2275:Bryan Fitz-Gibbon & Marianne Gizycki (2001), '
1958:Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle
442:, which arrived at Melbourne on 29 November 1882.
383:Australia to be ordained as a pastor of a church.
2304:(in two volumes), London: Longmans, Green and Co.
2210:"The Fourteenth Parliament Elected 28 March 1889"
775:(1911), Melbourne: Mason, Firth & McCutcheon.
293:after it was acquired by Marcus Clarke in 1868).
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37:Henry Gyles Turner (photographed in about 1910).
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755:(1898), Melbourne: Mason, Firth and McCutcheon.
664:The First Decade of the Australian Commonwealth
373:Turner was a member of the congregation of the
2169:The University of Melbourne Perpetual Calendar
1792:Suspension of the Commercial Bank of Australia
1507:The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser
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752:How I Went to Akaroa, and What Befel Me There
1848:Henry Gyles Turner (1904), vol. 2, page 312.
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1503:The London Banquet to the Australian Eleven
1235:At a special meeting of the congregation...
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668:Our Own Little Rebellion, the Story of the
666:was published in 1911, followed in 1913 by
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2193:Henry Gyles Turner (author search results)
1890:A Victorian Bank Manager Seriously Injured
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1739:The Commercial Bank: Suspension of Payment
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2240:The Commercial Bank of Australia, Limited
2212:. Psephos: Adam Carr's Electoral Archive.
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1471:All the proprietors or representatives...
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1209:(Sydney), 12 November 1966, pages 76, 79.
1144:At a meeting of the board of directors...
1111:(1873), Melbourne: Stillwell and Knight;
781:(1913), Melbourne: Whitcombe & Tombs.
1922:The Development of Australian Literature
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732:The Development of Australian Literature
591:The Development of Australian Literature
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185:(in two volumes) was published in 1904.
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2197:National Library of Australia Catalogue
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2034:A small but representative gathering...
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1429:(Melbourne), 19 September 1881, page 6.
1241:(Melbourne), 22 November 1873, page 19.
1131:(Melbourne), 15 September 1869, page 5.
1115:website, National Library of Australia.
1099:(Melbourne), 30 September 1871, page 3.
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820:at the time of the 1893 banking crisis.
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2136:(Melbourne), 2 December 1920, page 21.
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1906:Mr. Henry Gyles Turner has returned...
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1541:(Melbourne), 30 November 1882, page 5.
1413:(Melbourne), 24 February 1877, page 7.
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1290:(Melbourne), 2 September 1915, page 1.
1125:The air is beginning to be darkened...
987:(Melbourne), 13 November 1860, page 4.
927:
177:a volume surveying the development of
2008:(Melbourne), 3 December 1904, page 4.
1650:(Adelaide), 28 February 1889, page 2.
1586:
1525:(Melbourne), 1 December 1882, page 9.
1355:(Brisbane), 22 January 1876, page 12.
955:(Melbourne), 7 December 1854, page 5.
925:
923:
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915:
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911:
909:
907:
795:(1916), Melbourne: privately printed.
769:(1907), Fitzroy, Vic.: Wayside Press.
632:editorial in the socialist newspaper
2315:Works by or about Henry Gyles Turner
2283:website (accessed 26 February 2024).
2155:(Melbourne), 20 April 1921, page 10.
2139:
1729:
1612:Bundalohn (Extant) 6 Tennyson Street
1455:We (Banking Record) have pleasure...
1339:(Melbourne), 5 January 1876, page 6.
1225:(Melbourne), 4 October 1886, page 7.
1083:(Melbourne), 29 August 1866, page 5.
971:(Melbourne), 1 October 1855, page 4.
747:(1869), Melbourne: George Robertson.
2297:, Vol. 87 (Issue 3), pages 407-429.
2290:, Vol. 9 (Issue 2) , pages 147-167.
2262:(Melbourne), 6 August 1892, page 2.
1944:(Melbourne), 29 April 1899, page 8.
1839:(Melbourne), 8 April 1893, page 19.
1823:(Melbourne), 8 April 1893, page 25.
1798:(Melbourne), 8 April 1893, page 25.
1761:(Melbourne), 8 April 1893, page 25.
1557:(Melbourne), 26 April 1884, page 7.
1493:(Melbourne), 7 August 1882, page 6.
1358:
1067:(Sydney), 9 December 1920, page 14.
1035:(Melbourne), 26 July 1917, page 10.
878:(Melbourne), 28 July 1904, page 24.
183:A History of the Colony of Victoria
13:
2364:19th-century Australian historians
2344:People from the Colony of Victoria
2228:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2088:(Melbourne), 23 May 1917, page 10.
2040:(Melbourne), 6 April 1914, page 4.
2024:(Melbourne), 11 May 1905, page 23.
1992:(Melbourne), 10 June 1901, page 5.
1864:(Melbourne), 28 July 1896, page 5.
1782:(Melbourne), 5 April 1893, page 6.
1745:(Melbourne), 5 April 1893, page 5.
1666:(Melbourne), 11 May 1889, page 38.
1618:website; accessed 6 February 2024.
1602:(Melbourne), 6 March 1891, page 5.
1487:Opening of the Bordeaux Exhibition
1461:(Melbourne), 10 June 1882, page 3.
1445:(Melbourne), 1 March 1882, page 9.
1382:Dictionary of Australian Biography
1305:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1301:Arthur Patchett Martin (1851–1902)
1272:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1150:(Melbourne), 30 June 1870, page 5.
937:Australian Dictionary of Biography
904:
827:
814:
448:
14:
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2308:
2246:(Adelaide), 1 June 1889, page 83.
2072:(Melbourne), 1 June 1914, page 1.
1477:(Adelaide), 4 March 1882, page 3.
1182:(Melbourne), 21 May 1870, page 1.
901:(Adelaide), 5 April 1893, page 2.
734:, London: Longmans, Green and Co.
331:Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd.
158:Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd.
1976:(Melbourne), 4 May 1899, page 4.
1928:(Sydney), 13 March 1898, page 8.
1019:(Sydney), 23 June 1904, page 15.
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2043:
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1776:Interview With Another Director
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401:in 1875, and 'The Story of the
248:Turner joined the staff of the
112:
2098:The aged Henry Gyles Turner...
2018:His Excellency the Governor...
1986:Retirement of Mr. H. G. Turner
1006:
990:
974:
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933:Henry Gyles Turner (1831–1920)
849:
642:
193:
1:
2104:(Sydney), 3 May 1919, page 7.
1509:, 18 November 1882, page 914.
855:Family records, Ancestry.com.
842:
767:A Plea for Shylock: A Lecture
300:, a three-day walk along the
1874:Commercial Bank of Australia
1581:Museums Victoria Collections
1577:Land Boom in 1880s Melbourne
1423:Victorian Rowing Association
1160:Commercial Bank of Australia
682:National Gallery of Victoria
304:and a horseback ride to the
281:and James Smith's satirical
243:
188:
7:
2300:Henry Gyles Turner (1904),
2130:Funeral of Mr. H. G. Turner
1616:St Kilda Historical Society
1251:The Rev. Henry Higginson...
346:of Victoria, as well as in
291:Australian Monthly Magazine
275:Australian Monthly Magazine
10:
2380:
1880:, 22 January 1898, page 9.
1575:Richard Gillespie (2008),
1323:, 26 October 1875, page 2.
1299:Suzanne G. Mellor (1974),
271:The Journal of Australasia
2281:Reserve Bank of Australia
2224:James Service (1823–1899)
2114:Death of Mr. Gyles Turner
2082:National Gallery Lectures
1970:Baby-Farmer Banker Turner
1439:Amongst the passengers...
1268:Martha Turner (1839–1915)
1255:Illustrated Adelaide Post
899:The Express and Telegraph
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543:Federal Bank of Australia
122:
99:
95:Banker, writer, historian
91:
72:
42:
30:
23:
2288:Financial History Review
2244:The Pictorial Australian
1912:, 15 April 1898, page 1.
1896:, 10 March 1898, page 6.
1858:The Rearrangement Scheme
1219:The New Unitarian Church
1051:, 27 April 1946, page 8.
1029:Pioneer of 92 Years Dies
1003:, 27 July 1861, page 10.
997:Royal Princess's Theatre
949:European Intelligence...
807:
711:Melbourne Public Library
514:Caricature of Turner by
2295:Business History Review
2222:Geoffrey Serle (1976),
1634:, 8 March 1888, page 8.
1519:The Bordeaux Exhibition
1266:Geoffrey Serle (1976),
1166:, 29 July 1870, page 2.
1093:On Wednesday evening...
1045:Marcus Clarke Centenary
738:By Henry Gyles Turner:
436:Australian cricket team
1755:Market Price of Shares
1596:Mr. Henry Gyles Turner
1407:Mr. Henry G. Turner...
1349:"The Melbourne Review"
1317:"The Melbourne Review"
1257:, 14 May 1873, page 3.
931:Iain McCalman (1976),
566:
462:
370:
2349:Australian historians
2002:A History of Victoria
1960:, 4 May 1899, page 2.
1878:Sydney Morning Herald
1817:Shareholders' Meeting
1632:Sydney Morning Herald
1475:Australasian Sketcher
1387:Angus & Robertson
1377:"Turner, Henry Gyles"
1077:A new boating club...
1061:Henry Gyles Turner...
1049:Sydney Morning Herald
680:and presented to the
628:Bairnsdale Advertiser
560:
476:, aboard the steamer
460:
368:
179:Australian literature
86:, Victoria, Australia
1333:The Melbourne Review
1001:The Melbourne Leader
548:runs on member banks
541:In January 1893 the
415:Alexander Sutherland
411:The Melbourne Review
393:The Melbourne Review
316:Banking and the arts
302:Mornington Peninsula
287:The Colonial Monthly
2256:The Commercial Bank
2149:Public Benefactions
1894:Wagga Wagga Express
1833:The Commercial Bank
1644:A Batch of Visitors
1535:Arrivals in the Bay
895:The General Manager
601:Adam Lindsay Gordon
522:, 11 November 1893.
250:Bank of Australasia
240:in early December.
228:Bank of Australasia
2354:Australian bankers
1321:Bendigo Advertiser
1164:Geelong Advertiser
1013:Henry Gyles Turner
567:
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399:Bank of California
371:
165:colony of Victoria
146:Henry Gyles Turner
47:Henry Gyles Turner
25:Henry Gyles Turner
2181:Charitable Trusts
1910:The Ballarat Star
1203:Land Boomers – II
616:Banker's Magazine
216:William Pickering
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78:(1920-11-30)
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643:Later years
386:Turner and
255:South Yarra
212:Westminster
194:Early years
2328:Categories
2134:The Herald
1974:The Tocsin
1628:Clearances
1600:Table Talk
1459:The Herald
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843:References
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516:Tom Durkin
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