33:
1204:
424:. In 1926, he submitted his doctoral dissertation to the University of Göttingen, but it was rejected. "Backe's thesis was in fact a manifesto for racial imperialism", where an upper class of German occupiers would fight against the local, 'ethnically inferior', population for the control of their foodstuff.
641:
of 21 February and 14 March 1947. In his prison cell in the
Nuremberg war criminals' prison, Backe wrote two treatises: a so-called big report about his life and his work on Nazism, and also on 31 January 1946, a testament outline for his wife Ursula and his four children. Because of his fear that he
340:
Operation Hunger was developed during the planning phase of
Operation Barbarossa and provided for diverting and redirecting of Ukrainian food stuffs away from central and northern Russia for the benefit of the invading army and the population in Germany. As a result, millions of local civilians died
481:
was placed on an extended leave of absence on 23 May 1942, Backe was charged with carrying out his responsibilities, though nominally remaining State
Secretary. Backe also was charged with Darré's responsibilities as Reich Farmers Leader in the Nazi Party national leadership. On 9 November 1942,
704:
Dönitz wrote: "Mitte Mai bekamen der
Verkehrsminister Dr. Dorpmüller und der Ernährungsminister Backe von den Alliierten Anweisung, ins amerikanische Hauptquartier zu fliegen. Da sie in den Problemen ihres Ressorts besonders häufig mit den alliierten Kontrollbehörden in Mürwik verkehrt hatten,
705:
glaubten sie, der Flug nach Reims solle ihrer zukĂĽnftigen praktischen
Mitarbeit auf ihren Tätigkeitsgebieten dienen. Wir hörten jedoch nichts mehr von ihnen. Sehr viel später erfuhr ich, daß zum mindesten Backe nicht zur Mitarbeit, sondern in die Gefangenschaft weggeflogen war." "
679:
634:. In a letter to his wife on 31 January 1946, he defended Nazism as one of the "greatest ideas of all times", which "found its strongest blow in the National Socialist agricultural policy".
630:. He was surprised to be arrested; he thought the Americans would need him as an expert to avoid hunger problems. Backe prepared himself for an expected conversation with General
2169:
445:. In 1928 he was married to Ursula. With financial support of his father-in-law, in November 1928 he became tenant of domain Hornsen, with around 950 acres in the district of
2129:
997:
585:, as a result of Backe's plan, "4.2 million Soviet citizens (largely Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians) were starved by the German occupiers in 1941–1944".
1975:
2154:
2109:
1409:
542:
409:
1679:
623:
393:
as an enemy alien because he was a citizen of
Prussia. This experience of being imprisoned for being German and witnessing the beginning of the
1336:
2149:
2134:
1249:
1118:
659:
420:
in 1920. After completing his degree he briefly worked in agriculture and then became an assistant lecturer on agricultural geography at
450:
1968:
2189:
2114:
1095:
Lehmann, Joachim (1993). "Herbert Backe – Technokrat und
Agrarideologe". In Ronald Smelser; Enrico Syring; Rainer Zitelmann (eds.).
437:
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598:
1513:
458:
314:
111:
51:
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1188:
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1222:
1363:
1179:
807:
1728:
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2194:
2179:
1242:
1149:
441:) for South-Hanover, Backe let his membership expire. In 1927 Backe was inspector and administrator on a big farm in
1042:
Gesine, GĂ©rard (2009). "Food and
Genocide. Nazi Agrarian Politics in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union".
2174:
569:
civilian populations under German occupation by directing all food supplies to the German home population and the
2144:
2124:
983:
1999:
1984:
1502:
1208:
1104:
615:
2139:
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212:
1987:
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Plant
Breeding and Agrarian Research in Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institutes, 1933–1945. Calories, Caoutchouc, Careers
574:
2159:
2119:
1719:
1475:
1218:
421:
1746:
1699:
1307:
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550:
488:). On 6 April 1944, Hitler finally named Backe minister of the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture.
417:
266:
802:(in German). Critical comments and afterword by Erwin Viefhaus. Düsseldorf: Droste. pp. 49–50.
1139:
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88:
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that envisioned death by starvation of millions of Slavic and Jewish "useless eaters" following
2104:
1953:
1804:
1561:
1554:
691:
version, with a run of 10,000 copies, submitted in 1941 to the German authorities in occupied
527:
Minister of Food and
Agriculture under Darré, even before he formally took over those duties.
32:
1271:
581:, who headed the agricultural section of the Economic Staff East. According to the historian
516:
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8:
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Die russische Getreidewirtschaft als Grundlage der Land- und Volkswirtschaft Russlands
1668:
1184:
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1145:
1123:
1100:
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512:
507:. Like Stuckart, who held the real power in the Interior Ministry (officially led by
496:
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1604:
985:
Records of the United States Nuernberg War Crimes trials Interrogations 1946–1949.
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who occupied second-tier administrative positions in the Nazi system such as
462:
1941:
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Krisenmanager im Dritten Reich. 6 Jahre Frieden, 6 Jahre Krieg: Erinnerungen
2047:
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in the German-occupied territories. He was arrested in 1945 at the end of
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gymnasium (grammar school) from 1905 and was interned on the outbreak of
326:
2060:
1755:
1345:
1134:
1027:, p. 10 mentions a different date for Backe's death: 7 April 1947.
432:
276:
261:
254:
601:
and he remained in this position until 23 May 1945 in the short-lived
412:. In Germany, he initially worked as a laborer, and enrolled to study
570:
469:
and, in October 1936, he was made the agricultural representative to
350:
346:
413:
565:). Its objective was to inflict deliberate mass starvation on the
317:. He was a doctrinaire racial ideologue, a long-time associate of
442:
386:
374:
244:
216:
1983:
1203:
491:
Backe was a prominent member of the younger generation of Nazi
366:
188:
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where he could implement his radical and racist policies, the
627:
1099:(in German). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
926:
Das Ende. Kampf bis in den Untergang NS-Deutschlands 1944/45
435:. After the dissolution of the regional political entity (
1161:
SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard
821:
819:
461:
on 27 October 1933, and in the same month he joined the
449:. He proceeded to lead the farm successfully. After the
291:(1 May 1896 – 6 April 1947) was a German politician and
958:
956:
637:
In Allied captivity, Backe was interrogated during the
385:
to Russia in the early 19th century. He studied at the
292:
2170:
Prisoners who died in United States military detention
870:
843:
769:
767:
816:
577:. The most important accomplice of Herbert Backe was
357:
but he committed suicide in his prison cell in 1947.
16:
German Nazi politician and SS functionary (1896–1947)
2130:
Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)
1006:
953:
882:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
779:
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752:
719:
543:
Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories
1257:
831:
731:
618:, Backe was ordered by the allies, together with
482:Backe was promoted to SS-Senior Group Leader (SS-
2086:
1969:
1243:
1177:Zentner, Christian and Friedemann BedĂĽrftig.
660:List of people who died by suicide by hanging
1119:Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin
903:Bloodlands. Europe between Hitler and Stalin
650:himself in his prison cell on 6 April 1947.
477:. When the minister of Food and Agriculture
2155:Nazis who died by suicide in prison custody
2110:Academic staff of the University of Hanover
998:"Arrest German Reich Heads: To Face Trial."
974:From a letter to his wife, 31 January 1946.
377:lieutenant turned trader. His mother was a
1976:
1962:
1250:
1236:
31:
1144:(ebook reprint ed.). Penguin Books.
1158:
1142::the Making and Breaking of Nazi Economy
1003:, 24 May 1945. Retrieved: 19 March 2013.
849:
825:
1215:Newspaper clippings about Herbert Backe
1094:
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905:. London: The Bodley Head. p. 411.
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124:27 October 1933 – 6 April 1944
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1041:
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459:Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture
315:Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture
112:Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture
52:Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture
1957:
1231:
1133:
888:
797:
758:
725:
588:
2150:Nazis who died by suicide in Germany
2135:Government ministers of Nazi Germany
1836:Members granted rank & authority
1072:
837:
746:
519:(officially led by the conservative
1180:The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
1163:. Vol. I. Fonthill Media LLC.
988:(PDF; 186 kB), published 1977.
549:, as the Secretary of State of the
431:in 1922 and in 1925 in Hanover the
325:. He developed and implemented the
64:6 April 1944 – 23 May 1945
13:
404:Backe moved to Germany during the
381:, whose family had emigrated from
14:
2206:
1747:Reichsministers without portfolio
1196:
1122:. London: The Bodley Head, 2010.
949:. Bonn: Athenäum. pp. 470–1.
2115:Agriculture ministers of Germany
1202:
928:. München: DVA. pp. 511–2.
1729:Paul Freiherr von Eltz-RĂĽbenach
1662:Paul Freiherr von Eltz-RĂĽbenach
1034:
1018:
991:
977:
968:
914:
894:
862:"Reich Changes Food Minister".
855:
698:
465:. Backe became a member of the
289:Herbert Friedrich Wilhelm Backe
176:Herbert Friedrich Wilhelm Backe
2190:University of Göttingen alumni
2185:Suicides by hanging in Germany
2165:People from Kutais Governorate
1838:equivalent to a Reichsminister
1503:Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk
791:
672:
616:German Instrument of Surrender
530:
1:
2003:(Chief Minister, independent)
1259:Members of the Hitler Cabinet
1183:. New York: Macmillan, 1991.
1045:Contemporary European History
712:
422:Hanover Technical University
360:
345:and was due to be tried for
7:
1219:20th Century Press Archives
1080:. New York City: Springer.
947:Zehn Jahre und zwanzig Tage
653:
642:was to be delivered to the
597:of Food and Agriculture in
541:Backe was nominated by the
333:, the 1941 invasion of the
10:
2211:
2024:Julius Heinrich DorpmĂĽller
1308:President of the Reichstag
866:. 7 April 1944. p. 2.
551:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
534:
365:Herbert Backe was born in
2071:
2000:Graf Schwerin von Krosigk
1995:
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1835:
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1058:10.1017/S0960777308004827
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321:and a personal friend of
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67:(Acting from 23 May 1942)
57:
46:
42:
30:
23:
2195:20th-century agronomists
2180:Sturmabteilung personnel
1140:The Wages of Destruction
901:Snyder, Timothy (2010).
665:
295:Senior group leader (SS-
1853:Walther von Brauchitsch
418:University of Göttingen
373:, the son of a retired
267:University of Göttingen
221:Allied-occupied Germany
2145:Nazi Party politicians
2125:Holocaust perpetrators
1805:Konstantin von Neurath
1562:Joachim von Ribbentrop
1555:Konstantin von Neurath
1159:Williams, Max (2015).
684:
593:Backe was retained as
467:Prussian State Council
1990:(2–23 May 1945)
1530:Richard Walther Darré
517:Reich Postal Ministry
479:Richard Walther Darré
451:Nazi seizure of power
408:with the help of the
319:Richard Walther Darré
145:Hans Joachim von Rohr
89:Richard Walther Darré
37:Herbert Backe in 1942
2175:SS-ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
2140:Nazi Party officials
2075:Reichskriegsminister
2016:Grand Admiral Dönitz
1985:Schwerin von Krosigk
1826:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
1612:Franz Schlegelberger
1514:Food and Agriculture
1211:at Wikimedia Commons
798:Kehrl, Hans (1973).
632:Dwight D. Eisenhower
603:Flensburg Government
331:Operation Barbarossa
2073:In his capacity as
1709:Werner von Blomberg
1620:Otto Georg Thierack
1410:Eastern Territories
1097:Die braune Elite II
579:Hans-Joachim Riecke
571:German Armed forces
453:, Backe became the
227:Cause of death
157:Hans-Joachim Riecke
2160:People from Batumi
2120:German agronomists
1874:Werner von Fritsch
1867:Karl Hermann Frank
1001:Lodi News-Sentinel
864:The New York Times
648:suicide by hanging
589:Arrest and suicide
521:Paul Eltz-RĂĽbenach
395:Russian Revolution
231:Suicide by hanging
193:Kutais Governorate
101:Position abolished
2082:
2081:
2020:
1951:
1950:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1736:Julius DorpmĂĽller
1669:Wilhelm Ohnesorge
1629:
1628:
1207:Media related to
1189:978-0-1431-1320-1
1170:978-1-78155-433-3
1128:978-0-224-08141-2
1087:978-1-40206-718-1
935:978-3-421-05807-2
911:, pp. 57–62.
523:), Backe was the
513:Wilhelm Ohnesorge
497:Reinhard Heydrich
485:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
427:Backe joined the
410:Swedish Red Cross
406:Russian Civil War
323:Reinhard Heydrich
298:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
286:
285:
68:
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2056:Wilhelm Stuckart
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1929:Heinrich Himmler
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1587:Heinrich Himmler
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1523:Alfred Hugenberg
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879:, pp. 50–4.
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639:Nuremberg trials
547:Alfred Rosenberg
505:Wilhelm Stuckart
355:Ministries Trial
327:Operation Hunger
213:Nuremberg Prison
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167:Personal details
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2010:
2002:
1991:
1982:
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1947:
1934:
1924:ReichsfĂĽhrer SS
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1900:
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206:6 April 1947
152:Succeeded by
133:Adolf Hitler
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77:Adolf Hitler
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2095:1896 births
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1777:Rudolf Hess
1391:Hanns Kerrl
1300:Rudolf Hess
1135:Tooze, Adam
1013:Gesine 2009
963:Gesine 2009
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877:Gesine 2009
612:Karl Dönitz
555:Hunger Plan
537:Hunger Plan
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493:technocrats
391:World War I
383:WĂĽrttemberg
241:Nationality
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84:Preceded by
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1812:Ernst Röhm
1756:Hans Frank
1700:Reichswehr
1680:Propaganda
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1272:Chancellor
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759:Tooze 2008
726:Tooze 2008
713:References
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433:Nazi Party
347:war crimes
277:Agronomist
273:Profession
262:Alma mater
255:Nazi Party
186:1 May 1896
182:1896-05-01
129:Chancellor
73:Chancellor
1720:Transport
1476:Education
1429:Economics
1337:Armaments
1066:155045613
838:Heim 2008
747:Heim 2008
680:‹See Tfd›
361:Biography
351:Nuremberg
120:In office
60:In office
1614:(acting)
1572:Interior
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1364:Aviation
1137:(2008).
1076:(2008).
945:(1958).
924:(2011).
907:Compare
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654:See also
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375:Prussian
311:Minister
48:Minister
2051:(NSDAP)
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2011:(NSDAP)
1988:Cabinet
1597:Justice
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1217:in the
940:citing
605:led by
573:on the
515:in the
457:in the
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416:at the
387:Tbilisi
371:Georgia
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2061:NSDAP
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666:Notes
628:Reims
561:also
301:) in
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