Hermann Graf - Knowledge

1022: 1630: 1525:, southern Poland, on 20 September 1944. He was officially appointed on 1 October. Ongoing weakness in his left arm kept Graf on the ground. In the two years since he had left the Eastern Front, the quantity and quality of the Soviet pilots had greatly improved, as had their equipment. For the remainder of the war he oversaw his three separated fighter groups shuttled up and down the front, in emergency responses to each new Soviet offensive. Several times the crews had to evacuate as Soviet tanks and artillery were shelling their airfield. The German fuel crisis severely curtailed the amount of flight-time. Consequently, the November total for the wing of only 369 Soviet aircraft shot down was the lowest monthly total of the eastern campaign. As the winter weather got worse, the lull allowed Graf to organise a football match between his 40: 1155: 133: 113: 1646:, northeast of Moscow. This was a (relatively) more comfortable confinement than the regular labour camps and intended to provide a more sympathetic environment for high-profile prisoners. When Graf was found not to be malleable for their purposes, the Soviet regime put him on trial for war-crimes. However, when insufficient evidence could be produced, the charges were dropped. Erich Hartmann however, was found guilty and sentenced to 25 years of forced labour. On 8 December 1945, Graf was moved to POW Camp No. 27 in 1093:. This came just 6 days after Gollob achieved the same milestone. Many times, he was lucky to get back to base uninjured. His aircraft was routinely shot up by enemy pilots or anti-aircraft fire. The fastest-scoring ace of the Luftwaffe, he was now shooting down several planes each day. The three fighters he downed on 9 September took him to 172 victories, which made him the top-scorer in the Luftwaffe. For this, he was awarded the Diamonds to his Knight's Cross. He became the fifth member of the 7597: 6316: 7637: 848: 1291:(Red Hunters), was also ready and played its first game on 4 August 1943, with Graf as goalkeeper. This football team followed Graf in his command postings for the remainder of the war. The unit's first major interception was fairly inauspicious – a bomber raid on the Ruhr on 12 August. Graf was greatly annoyed that no enemy aircraft were shot down. On 15 August 1943, Graf's unit was officially named 7609: 886:. They often flew three or four missions a day when weather permitted. By the end of October Graf was mastering his flying technique, becoming adept at low-level flying, and had achieved 20 victories. The rains arrived in November, turning the airfields to mud and limiting air operations and the number of serviceable aircraft. Graf's unit was moved forward to 2239:, which was awarded only to senior commanders for winning a major battle or campaign, in the military order of the Third Reich. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds as the highest military order was surpassed on 29 December 1944 by the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. 972:, and the Luftwaffe tactical doctrine of ace versus wingman. In the first six months of 1942 Graf alone accounted for a quarter of all the aircraft shot down by III./ JG 52 It was the culmination of a remarkable seventeen days since his return to the front in which he had shot down 47 aircraft. He was awarded the 1185:, Hitler's alpine retreat, where he received his instructions from Göring personally. Graf was permitted to choose his personnel. He transferred his old friends, Grislawski, Süss and Füllgrabe, from III./ JG 52, as well as a number of football players serving as administrators in his JGr Ost training unit. 1109:

Johann Kalb had to bail out over the Volga River and was captured by Soviet troops. On 17 September he claimed three more victories but a 20mm Soviet cannon-shell went through his canopy, narrowly missing his head. On 23 September, he scored a remarkable ten victories in three missions, taking him to

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The airmen of 9./JG 28 spent a couple of relaxing months in Bucharest, outside the close scrutiny of Berlin. Graf even managed to play football when a Luftwaffe team played against Cyclope Bucharesti at the Bucharest Sports Arena before 30,000 spectators. During its time in Romania, the unit was

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Graf saw his first aircraft when he was twelve years old. This sight created a conflict between his passion for football and a new obsession with flying. From 1930, he worked at the Engen town hall and saved all his money to buy a glider. Before his 20th birthday, he provided a homemade glider to the

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jet fighter. He returned to JG 50 full of optimism. The unit's regular role was extended to bomber interception, and Graf's Mosquito, the first victory for the unit, ironically proved to be the only one shot down by JG 50. After the heavy losses of the Regensburg raid, the USAAF was unable

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and Sales Manager. The link to Bayern Munich allowed him to enjoy his long love of football, although his injuries never let him play competitively again. He did however, return to flying, joining the Zürich branch of the Swiss Aero Club in 1951. Shunned by many veterans, he did remain friends with

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During December against the Soviet airforces covering South and Southwest Fronts the Luftwaffe claimed 135 enemy aircraft downed for only one operational loss of their own (III./JG 52 claiming 90 of those). By contrast, the records for VVS-Southern Front show 44 aircraft lost against 38 victories

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Graf's unit was interned for over a week with more than 30,000 other disarmed soldiers in a primitive camp with minimal food and sanitation. Following the letter of the Allied agreement, units fighting on the Eastern Front were to become Soviet prisoners. Graf and most of the JG 52 personnel

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began in January which saw a number of the fighter units transferred from Reich Defence to defend the Eastern Front. JG 52 was based in and around Breslau defending the vital Silesian industrial region with intercept and ground attack missions. An enormous effort managed to briefly stall the

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west of the city. He and his colleagues no longer faced obsolescent aircraft, as they had in the south. The city was critical to both sides. It was strongly defended and became the focus of intense air battles. Graf's victories quickly mounted, reaching 140 by the end of August. In September, he

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top pilot. They were constantly flying extra missions to outdo each other. On 30 April 1942, Graf had his best day to date. In seven missions over fourteen hours, he shot down six enemy aircraft to take his tally to 69. Exhausted, he then missed a day but on 2 May he exceeded that feat with seven

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leading pilots. On New Year's Day 1942, III./JG 52 was transferred to the relative comfort of the large Kharkov-Rogan airfield, with its closed hangars. The blizzard conditions (often getting down to −20 °C overnight) made flying virtually impossible. On 24 January, Graf was awarded the

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oilfields from Allied bombing raids, which never eventuated. In May, Graf was able to organise a second soccer international against a Romanian army team. For this, he called upon Herberger, now manager of the national team. Herberger arranged for several of the German squad to play, including an

298:. He became the first pilot in aviation history to claim 200 aerial victories—that is, 200 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. In about 830 combat missions, he claimed a total of 212 aerial victories, almost all of which were achieved on the Eastern Front. 1692:

say this is borne out by the Russian RGVA archive of Graf's POW file which makes no mention of extended co-operation with pro-Soviet groups(the BDO was disbanded after only a few months). (Hahn's account was corroborated by Siegfried Knappe who described Graf as someone who did everything the

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fighters. Despite his success, he was reprimanded by his squadron leader, because he had broken formation and forgotten to arm his guns before firing. His second victory was achieved the next day, although Graf was lucky to get away unscathed – landing his aircraft riddled with bullet holes.

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that were making a fighter sweep ahead of their bomber stream. Chased and harried by the rest of their squadron, he tried to ram another before bailing out. Landing heavily, he broke both knees and fractured his arm. These would prove to be his final air victories. Prompt attention from the

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His unit received the first twelve Bf 109 G-5 planes in July 1943. With one of these aircraft he managed to reach an altitude of 14,300 meters (46,900 feet). The unit was finally declared combat ready on 31 July 1943, albeit with only nineteen aircraft and made up of a single,

1070:, was severely wounded in a take-off accident. Gollob rivalled Graf for highest scoring pilot on the Eastern Front. On 14 August, both pilots had 120 victories. Soon after, Graf led a detachment of experienced aces from III./JG 52 reassigned to JG 3 to cover the assault on 1110:

197. On 26 September, he became the first pilot in aviation history to claim 200 enemy aircraft shot down. The 62 victories he claimed in that single month (of September) remain a record unbeaten in aviation history. Elevated to hero status by the Luftwaffe, he was promoted to

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This relatively early release was perceived by many to have been due to collaboration with his Soviet captors, something for which his fellow pilots criticized him, especially following a 1950s book by fighter ace and fellow Soviet POW, Hans Hahn, entitled "I Speak the Truth"

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victories from six missions. It was at this time that his squadron got the famous moniker, the "Karaya Staffel", from a record that Süß would incessantly play at the airfield and hum along to in the air. On 5 May, Köppen (with his score at 85 victories) was shot down over the

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and the border to Switzerland, the son of Wilhelm Graf (1878–1937), a farmer, and his wife Maria, née Sailer (1877–1953). He was the third of three children, with two older brothers, Wilhelm Wilhelm (1904–1981) and Josef Wilhelm (1909–1981). His father fought in and survived

1302:, attacking the Messerschmitt factories there. This time JG 50 was far more successful. It was based almost right in the raid's flightpath and claimed 11 bombers shot down for the loss of two of their own pilots. It was mooted that JG 50 would be equipped with the 1725:

His marriage with Jobst soon collapsed and they divorced. He married twice thereafter and his third wife, Helga Schröck (whom he married in May 1959), gave birth to a son, Hermann-Ulrich, in 1959, and a daughter, Birgit, in 1961. In 1965, Graf was diagnosed with

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to fly to the British sector to avoid capture by the Soviets. He also refused to abandon his ground-crew and fly with his pilots to join Seidemann in the alpine redoubt. Instead, he led the 2,000 unit-personnel and fleeing local citizens on a march through

968:. The air conflict was intense and in the first two days (13–14 May 1942), Graf shot down thirteen aircraft, which included his 100th victory. He became the seventh Luftwaffe pilot to achieve that milestone. It is an illustration of his dominance within his 1332:

to immediately mount further unescorted deep raids into Germany. This allowed some respite for JG 50. Its next major action was 6 September. Graf shot down two of the four four-engined bombers claimed, even though he had to crash-land his aircraft.

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Following that, Graf was sent back to Germany on four weeks leave, during which he made a number of public appearances. While he was on leave, his long-time wingman and friend, Steinbatz, was killed on 15 June when his plane crashed after being hit by

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after 45 victories on 24 January 1942. It was during the second summer of the eastern campaign; however, that his success rate dramatically increased. By 16 September 1942 his number of victories had increased to 172 for which he was honored with the

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to receive this award, which at that time had only been awarded to Luftwaffe personnel. Within the space of eight months, he had received all four levels of the Knight's Cross – Germany's highest military decoration. He was also soon promoted to

1225:, coach of Reich's football team, to Wiesbaden to train his team for a day. During this visit, Herberger encouraged Graf to use his influence to save Germany's best footballers from frontline duty. Subsequently, Graf brought in players from the 530:

After graduating from the B2 school Graf was, at the age of 26, initially thought to be too old for fighter pilot training and was selected for the C school for transport pilots. On 31 May 1939, Graf passed officer-candidate training at

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Whereas German POWs in Allied camps were progressively released in 1946–1947, the Soviets mainly released their prisoners in 1948–1949. Graf's release was finally approved late in 1949 and he was transferred to Repatriation Camp No. 69

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on 14 October 1943. Although costly to the attackers (77 heavy bombers were destroyed by either German fighters or by the anti-aircraft fire for the loss of 46 German fighters), Göring was not satisfied. On 23 October, Graf and

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commenced in January 1943. It was having an increasing impact. By July, they were able to reach deep into Germany and demanded more and more attention from the Luftwaffe. At the end of the month, against an 800-bomber raid on

1192:, whom he later wed. The new assignment was then delayed for two months for political reasons. Graf was to run one final pilot-training program: the latest draft of Spanish volunteers heading to the Eastern Front – the 4th 5633:

Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 : die Ritterkreuzträger sämtlicher Wehrmachtteile, Brillanten-, Schwerter- und Eichenlaubträger in der Reihenfolge der Verleihung : Anhang mit Verleihungsbestimmungen und weiteren

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The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 : The Knight's Cross Bearers of All the Armed Services, Diamonds, Swords and Oak Leaves Bearers in the Order of Presentation: Appendix with Further Information and Presentation

1688:", saying that he, along with others including Hartmann, had briefly joined the BDO (an anti-Nazi group of German ex-officer prisoners) as a way to survive the psychological deprivation of the imprisonment. Bergström 5579:

Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des

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The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal

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commanders, in early January (including Graf), agreed to approach Göring and demand major changes. When confronted, Göring was furious and immediately demoted all the fighter leaders aside from Graf, who stayed as

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JG 11 medic saved Graf from losing his arm. From April to early July he spent time recovering in a hospital in his home-town of Engen. On 24 June, he married Jobst, whom he had been seeing over the past year.

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was technically a higher award but this had only been awarded to Göring. The Knight's Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds was a further grade institute on 29 December 1944 and only awarded once, to

1135:(Fighter Training Group East) based in occupied France. Here newly trained fighter pilots destined for the Eastern Front received their final training from experienced Eastern Front pilots. The main base was at 1220:

and armed with extra underwing cannons or rockets. Delivery of the aircraft was delayed but in the meantime, Graf was able to shoot down a Mosquito intruder. Graf's focus also went back to football. He invited

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By the time Graf returned to active duty at the end of July, III./JG 52 had re-equipped with the Bf 109G, and was back at Taganrog in the south. On the ground, the German Army's summer offensive,

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Weal reports that about 30 fighters were engaged in this particular action. This included JG 50 and pilots from neighbouring training units. Sixteen bombers were claimed shot down by the combined

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and found records for 206 aerial victory claims, plus six further unconfirmed claims. This figure includes 202 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and four four-engined bombers on the Western Front.

894:. Once the snow arrived, freezing the ground, operations picked up again. In heavy combat over and around the see-saw battle, Graf had doubled his score to 42 by the end of 1941, making him one of the 1650:, Moscow. The author, Musciano, mentions that he was subject to solitary confinement for extended periods, but that he had his final order hidden in his shoe and would re-read it to keep his sanity. 7692: 1843: 341: 250: 316:(JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) in May 1939. At the outbreak of war he was stationed on the Franco–German border flying uneventful patrols. He was then posted as a flight instructor stationed in 593:(a higher grade of sergeant). The unit immediately exchanged the Avia B-534 biplanes for Bf 109s and was tasked to protect Germany's western border. During this period of the so-called " 903:

for his victories to date. Soon after, he was sent on rotation back home on leave. Within a month, his regular wingman, Steinbatz, was also awarded the Knight's Cross for a similar score.

371:(JG 11—11th Fighter Wing) and claimed his last and 212th aerial victory on 29 March 1944. He was severely injured during that encounter and, after a period of convalescence, became 347:

By then a national hero, Graf was withdrawn from combat operations and posted to a fighter pilot training school in France before being tasked with the setting up of a new special unit:

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on 17 May 1942 for achieving 104 victories. Only two days later, his score now at 106, he was notified that he was also to receive the Swords to his Knight's Cross. On 24 May, Graf and

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on 29 September and forbidden from flying further combat missions. The whole of JG 52 gathered at Soldatskaja to congratulate him before he flew back to Berlin a few days later.

566:. Graf, who had never flown a modern fighter aircraft before, ended his first flight in a Bf 109 with a crash. When I./JG 51 was briefly reequipped with the Czech-built 6072: 1414:. The night before, 6,000 civilians had been killed in a bombing raid on Kassel. En route from Jever, Graf and Mader were nearly shot down by a flight of two Mosquitos over the 1730:, a condition that seemed to affect many former high-altitude flyers and which caused his health to slowly deteriorate. Graf died in his hometown of Engen on 4 November 1988. 823:. On 1 August, after German advances had removed the threat of Soviet air attacks on Romania, the unit was transferred to the front line and the major Luftwaffe airbase at 2300:

According to Schumann, in June 1942. Bergstrom et al place it at the time of the award of his Diamonds in September, and the Luftwaffe Officer Career website at 2 October.

1003:. Steinbatz had been awarded the Oakleaves to his Knight's Cross on 2 June, and was posthumously awarded the Swords to his Knight's Cross for his 99 victories – the first 1701:

Like many veterans, Graf initially had a hard time finding work, but his connections in the football community helped him. Herberger introduced Graf to Roland Endler, a

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As the German ground forces advanced across the Ukraine in August and September, the air units of JG 52 kept pace – constantly moving on to forward airbases. The

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new Engen Sailplane Club. Every Sunday he would go out to the nearby Ballenberg mountain until a heavy crash destroyed his glider in the fall of 1932. In 1935, after

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the next day. Dickfeld was presented with the Oakleaves, having been awarded it on 19 May for achieving 101 victories after he shot down eleven aircraft on 18 May.

912:(squadron leader) of 9./JG 52 after his predecessor was shot down behind enemy lines and taken prisoner. The rains returned in April, bringing the muds of the 1573:

destroyed his 500th tank while his unit was based with JG 52. In the middle of this, Erich Hartmann was ordered to report for jet-training with Galland's new

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A-5 aircraft for his personal use and lavishly decorated it. Without the stress of aerial combat, Graf was again able to indulge his other great passion: soccer.

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The ground offensive for Kerch opened on 8 May but almost immediately, III./JG 52 (with Graf on 90 victories) was sent back to Kharkov, to counter a major

6305: 1463:" – six consecutive days of concentrated bombing by the USAAF designed to overwhelm the German defences. JG 11 was heavily involved and Graf shot down a 6947: 7717: 7248: 7104: 6564: 6355: 1216:. The unit would be equipped with the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-5, a high-altitude variant of the Bf 109 G-6. It was equipped with a 7292: 6481: 1638:

were handed over by the American forces to the Soviet Union on 15 May 1945. On 20 August, he and other senior Luftwaffe officers, including Hartmann and

1245:, who later captained the West German World Cup team of 1954. Walter's transfer was more difficult. For this, Graf had to submit his request directly to 973: 390:. Graf was held in Soviet captivity until 1949. After the war he worked as an electronic sales manager and died after a long illness in his home town of 6380: 6404: 6341: 794:. The unit flew mostly ground attack and anti-shipping missions during the fortnight it was based there but Graf did not engage in any aerial combat. 7396: 6519: 709: 547: 6036: 527:, night landings and training to handle an aircraft in difficult situations. He subsequently completed his B2 training in Karlsruhe on 31 May 1938. 344:. At the time of its presentation to Graf it was Germany's highest military decoration. On 26 September 1942 he shot down his 200th enemy aircraft. 6505: 6467: 6429: 1744: 1580:

In mid-April, the siege of Berlin began and on 17 April, Hartmann claimed his 350th victory. On 21 April, Graf's unit began its deployment towards

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The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches

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Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile

6283: 1459:(the squadron commander) of 1./ JG 1, he managed to take his soccer players and friends with him. Sunday 20 February marked the start of " 1406:(JG 11 – 11th Fighter Wing, the other home-defense day-fighter unit) were summoned to a meeting of the fighter commanders with Göring at 7712: 2249: 694:

in Romania in 1940 led to a reorganization of his country's armed forces. In this, he was supported by a military mission from Germany, the

309:, joined the Luftwaffe and started flight training in 1936. He was initially selected for transport aviation but was subsequently posted to 7682: 2356:, had reached an altitude of 17,083 meters (56,047 feet), 2,783 meters (9,131 feet) higher, almost five years earlier on 22 October 1938. 1717:

football club between 1958 and 1962. Endler employed Graf as a salesman in his company, and Graf eventually advanced to branch leader in

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as part of a German military mission training Romanian pilots. Graf flew a few ground support missions in the closing days of the German

2685: 6298: 1682:). This led to Graf's exclusion from post-war Luftwaffe veterans' associations. In 1971 Graf made his own statement to the newspaper, " 1048:, had fallen. In mid-August, III./JG 52 moved forward to provide air cover as the army tried to establish bridgeheads across the 819:, the commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, criticised the unit on 4 July for its lack of success compared to virtually all the other 7677: 945:

forces had conducted amphibious landings there on 26 December 1941 and had strong air cover. At this time, Graf was competing with

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as it was once again kept back to defend Ploiești and the Romanian ports from Soviet bombers. The pilots’ mood was not helped when

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By mid-June, III./JG 52 was back together in Bucharest and re-equipped with the new, more powerful Bf 109F-4 model. The

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The next day tempered this achievement. Despite shooting down two more aircraft, it was the first time he had lost his wingman.

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Photograph in Bergstrom et al, on p.129, of the telegram of the award shows it dated 15 Sept. Other sources cite 26 September

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of JG 52 because of the unit's exemplary war record. Göring told Graf he needed him against the imminent Soviet attack.

597:", Graf flew 21 combat sorties without firing his guns and was still considered an unreliable pilot. On 20 January 1940, his 6058: 570:

biplane in July 1939, it gave Graf an opportunity to prove his flying expertise as well as to restore his self-confidence.

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For the next few months, after home leave, Graf was sent on propaganda tours across Germany. He was also able to meet the

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which included six four-engined-bombers and one Mosquito, and 202 on the Eastern Front. Mathews and Foreman, authors of

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shot down 62 enemy aircraft. On 4 September 1942, he became the second pilot to reach their 150th victory – downing a

6066: 5746: 5730: 5711: 5475: 5413: 5301: 1786: 1274: 934: 435: 7561: 1753:, Graf was credited with 212 aerial victories. He claimed these aerial victories in 830 combat missions, 10 on the 1517:

football team went with him. Once criticized for its low scoring rate early in the war, it was now the pre-eminent

463:(primary school) in 1926 at the age of thirteen. Without the means to fund a higher education, Graf applied for an 428: 434:

As a young boy, Graf was an avid footballer. He started with his local football club DJK Engen and later became a

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offensive. For the failure, Göring fired Galland as General of the Fighters. In response, a meeting of senior

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night-fighter unit. While operational, JG 50 had claimed 45 Allied four-engined bombers. Graf was promoted to

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of 1923 wiped out virtually all the family savings, and as a result, from a very early age, Graf had to work.

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In letzter Stunde. Verschwörung der Jagdflieger Vom Widerstand der Jagdflieger gegen Reichsmarschall Göring

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bombing raids into Germany, Hermann Göring ordered the formation of special high-altitude Luftwaffe units (

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In the third week of May 1941 a detachment of III./JG 52, including Graf, was transferred to southern

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In 1942, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds was second only to the

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Returning to his unit in mid-March, he soon achieved his 50th victory. On 23 March, he was promoted to

471:'s apprentice at a local factory. A locksmith had a low income, so when offered work as an apprentice 7672: 1521:, with over 10,000 victories. His return was celebrated with a welcome dinner at its headquarters in 1367:. The next day, while still officially remaining in command of JG 50, Graf was appointed acting 1269: 1428:

Several days after the October meeting, JG 50 was disbanded and its personnel absorbed into I./

562:. At this time I./JG 51 was equipped with one of the leading fighter aircraft of the time, the 454:-winning team. However, a broken thumb ended Graf's early hopes for a professional football career. 39: 7133: 7006: 6219: 6169: 6051: 2331:

Within the Luftwaffe, four-engined bombers operated by the Allied air-forces were referred to as a

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While in Berlin organizing the necessary transfers, Graf was introduced to the young film actress,

1144: 1004: 965: 835:. Graf achieved his first victory in the early hours of 4 August when his squadron was escorting a 583:

When Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, I./JG 51 was stationed by the French border at

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and had Graf and Füllgrabe transferred to 9./JG 52 with him, where they rejoined Grislawski.

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According to the 'Luftwaffe 1933–45' and 'Feldgrau.com' websites this unit had been redesignated

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at FC Höhen. In his teens, he was selected to join a group of talented young players trained by

7455: 6707: 6112: 5999: 2345: 1936: 1855: 1727: 1476: 1209: 1021: 382:(JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing). He and the remainder of JG 52 surrendered to units of the 7528: 7143: 6023: 5608:

Knight's Cross Profiles Nr. 3 Hermann Graf — The first Fighter Pilot with 200 Aerial Victories

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Soviet advance. The Luftwaffe flew 2500 sorties on 1 & 2 February alone. On 25 January,

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and went to several of their international matches. On 28 January 1943 Graf took command of

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The Allied bomber offensive was taking its toll of experienced leaders. On 8 October 1943,

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Black Cross / Red Star Air War Over the Eastern Front, Volume 3, Everything for Stalingrad

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of a number of his former comrades from the JG 52, in particular Alfred Grislawski.

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Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds

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Ritterkreuzträger Profile Nr. 3 Hermann Graf — der erste Jagdflieger mit 200 Luftsiegen

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in the summer of 1943. Following a visit to the test unit, Graf also learned about the

1315: 926: 879: 728: 383: 354:(JG 50—Fighter Wing 50). Its mission was as a high-altitude unit to intercept the 6741: 1668:

on 25 December 1949. By 3 January 1950, he was back in his home town of Engen, in the

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and which the Luftwaffe counted as an aerial victory. On 29 March, Graf shot down two

7425: 7405: 7153: 7057: 6942: 6607: 6250: 6184: 6164: 6011: 5975: 5949: 5945: 5923: 5919: 5900: 5896: 5877: 5873: 5854: 5850: 5831: 5827: 5808: 5804: 5785: 5762: 5742: 5726: 5707: 5688: 5681: 5665: 5661: 5642: 5611: 5588: 5563: 5540: 5517: 5494: 5471: 5452: 5435: 5409: 5390: 5386: 5367: 5341: 5319: 5297: 5275: 5253: 5231: 5224:

Mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern. Die höchstdekorierten Soldaten des Zweiten Weltkrieges

5210: 4611:

Luftwaffe over Czech Territory - 1945: Messerschmitt Bf 109s of JG 52 in Deutsch Brod

4111: 2400:

in his 1974 book, he was the 5th leader present with Göring and not Graf, along with

2285: 2219: 2185: 2151: 2087: 1570: 1400: 1230: 1171: 1148: 1085: 766:. During that operation, Graf's unit was kept back to defend the strategically vital 759: 736: 672: 664: 652: 648: 635: 621: 613: 599: 552: 512: 376: 365: 348: 310: 7498: 7243: 6898: 6751: 6657: 6627: 6086: 1888: 1871: 1310: 949: 908: 816: 750:

In March 1941, III./ JG 52 flew several sorties as aerial cover for the German

740: 678:(III./JG 52). Handrick had some influence on the personnel rotation within his 7613: 7478: 7466: 7415: 7341: 7099: 7069: 6908: 6559: 6350: 5963: 2426: 2413: 1750: 1714: 1661: 1537: 1364: 1296: 1067: 918:. Aerial activity virtually stopped as both sides took the opportunity to regroup. 787: 660: 472: 7287: 6138: 5228:

With Oak Leaves and Swords. The Highest Decorated Soldiers of the Second World War

7601: 7538: 7233: 7123: 7079: 6782: 6587: 6476: 6438: 6224: 6148: 2177: 1986: 1684: 1618: 1415: 1407: 1252: 1238: 840: 812: 700: 651:) on 1 May 1940. At Merseburg, Graf met and befriended two other pilot trainees, 609: 358:

intruders. In November 1943 Graf returned to combat operations. He was appointed

321: 223: 6617: 6448: 6375: 2409: 1483:(separation shot) – a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from its 1451:(Wing Commander) of JG 11, when Mader was transferred to JG 54 in the 747:

witness to a major earthquake in November and an abortive civil war in January.

7518: 7488: 7267: 7223: 7213: 7113: 7089: 7036: 7016: 6986: 6966: 6956: 6875: 6855: 6731: 6721: 6538: 6399: 6336: 6204: 6143: 2353: 1998: 1597: 1589: 1574: 1533: 1472: 1342: 1222: 1182: 1090: 1063:, of nearby JG 77, was temporarily appointed to command JG 52, after 988: 980: 732: 439: 411: 403: 391: 69: 7656: 7508: 7391: 7311: 6996: 6976: 6845: 6761: 6687: 6514: 6209: 6194: 6107: 6102: 5615: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4131: 4129: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 3949: 3725: 3723: 1795: 1545: 1510: 1247: 1197: 1060: 1041: 836: 705: 691: 631: 626: 537: 507:

on 2 June 1936. This training included theoretical and practical training in

335:, Graf claimed his first aerial victory on 4 August 1941. He was awarded the 73: 7046: 5761:] (in German). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 1320: 1287: 7361: 7351: 7257: 7203: 7026: 6865: 6528: 6500: 6424: 6199: 6133: 6007: 5214: 2132: 2109: 1960: 1901: 1837: 1665: 1609:(the nominal Allied stop-line). Once there, he surrendered his unit to the 1488: 1347: 1242: 1181:

50, under Graf) to combat these attacks. In mid-March, Graf was ordered to

992: 824: 772: 485: 332: 284: 213: 118: 90: 49: 6015: 5439: 4746: 4685: 4617: 4553: 4485: 4382: 4272: 4126: 4035: 3889: 3865: 3853: 3841: 3829: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 731:

personnel. Here, the trio of Graf, Füllgrabe and Grislawski was joined by

7321: 7277: 6802: 6573: 6389: 6189: 5737:. Originally published in German in 1974, and then in English in 1977 as 5120: 5118: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4146: 4144: 3926: 3700: 3607: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2165: 2143: 1774: 1392: 1234: 1154: 1049: 958: 559: 459: 416: 287: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 3908: 1467:

for his 208th victory on 24 February. His 209th aerial victory, west of

767: 7445: 7301: 7193: 7163: 6835: 6792: 6320: 6255: 3474: 3472: 3278: 3166: 3164: 3059: 2970: 2816: 2794: 2792: 2760: 1806: 1643: 1484: 1257: 1189: 1025:

Hermann Graf's leather jacket and Me 109 tail rudder on display at the

984: 914: 727:

28 (I./JG 28) until 4 January 1941. Its primary task was to train

594: 567: 508: 464: 424: 260: 218: 5623: 5154: 5115: 5103: 5047: 5035: 4668: 4425: 4224: 4212: 4200: 4163: 4141: 4084: 4072: 2560: 2392:

This is from Bartz's book, and a statement Graf made to the newspaper

1577:. Strong protests by both Graf and Hartmann had this order rescinded. 6667: 6597: 4884: 4826: 3817: 3631: 3619: 3595: 3047: 3011: 2348:. It is unclear as to what category this "world record" pertains to. 1973: 1931: 1844:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds

1437: 1071: 1053: 1035: 1009: 776: 720: 589: 532: 520: 504: 493: 468: 420: 342:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds

281: 251:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds

138: 3559: 3520: 3484: 3469: 3371: 3237: 3196: 3194: 3161: 2987: 2804: 2789: 2396:

on 3 November 1950. Yet a contradiction exists because according to

1522: 866:

was involved in providing cover for the southern crossings over the

5971: 5539:] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. 5516:] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. 5491:

The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939–1945

2223: 1947: 1850: 1460: 1140: 1045: 942: 887: 643: 603:(Group Commander) Hans-Heinrich Brustellin had Graf transferred to 542: 387: 4795: 1614: 1143:

on the Atlantic coast although Graf spent most of his time at the

806:

was not involved in most of the fighting in the opening phases of

5230:] (in German). Vienna, Austria: Selbstverlag Florian Berger. 3496: 3422: 3347: 3335: 3311: 3299: 3191: 1702: 1602: 1324: 871: 867: 828: 317: 306: 7693:

German prisoners of war in World War II held by the Soviet Union

4896: 3035: 2548: 758:

into Bulgaria in preparation for the German intervention in the

523:

on 4 October 1937. The B courses included high-altitude flying,

6028: 4543: 4541: 2011: 1606: 1468: 1443: 1411: 1212:

to set up his new unit. Remaining elements were drafted out of

922: 883: 783: 755: 584: 535:. Because the fighter force was in dire need for new officers, 157: 5449:

Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L

1350:, the second pilot after Graf to reach 200 air victories, and 839:

dive-bombing strike, shooting down one of a pair of attacking

7619: 5587:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. 1710: 1372: 847: 791: 203: 199: 195: 185: 181: 177: 169: 5294:

Black Cross / Red Star Vol 2: Resurgence January – June 1942

4538: 1529:

and a local Kraków team, watched by 20,000 German soldiers.

983:

of 7./JG 52, flew to the Eastern Front headquarters at

961:

and was last seen being shelled by nearby Soviet artillery.

921:

At the end of the month, III./JG 52 transferred to the

685: 5537:

The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War

5510:

Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941–1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II

5493:] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. 5332: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3895: 3871: 3859: 3847: 3835: 3613: 1706: 1585: 832: 5514:

The German Cross 1941–1945 History and Recipients Volume 2

4939: 4927: 4734: 4658: 4656: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3268: 3266: 3264: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2750: 2748: 1117: 991:), for the official Oak Leaves and Swords presentation by 478: 5487:

Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939–1945

5011: 4999: 4987: 4975: 4963: 4951: 4874: 4872: 4870: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3673: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2438:

According to Obermaier and Patzwall, on 15 December 1941.

516: 5023: 4908: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4722: 4473: 3971: 3648: 3646: 3410: 2309:

Spick & Weal say his 200th victory was on 2 October.

2261:

Spick & Weal say his first victory was on 3 August.

492:, Graf applied for flight training in the newly created 4855: 4771: 4710: 4653: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4577: 4575: 4023: 3777: 3752: 3690: 3688: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3400: 3398: 3359: 3261: 3249: 3225: 2953: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2248:

For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations, see

5784:] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. 5641:] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Verlag. 5366:] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. 5336:; Dikov, Andrey; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2006). 5310: 5250:

Stalingrad – The Air Battle: 1942 through January 1943

5160: 5124: 5109: 5053: 5041: 4890: 4867: 4849: 4765: 4704: 4679: 4630: 4592: 4590: 4566: 4526: 4496: 4431: 4413: 4401: 4395: 4360: 4358: 4345: 4343: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4313: 4311: 4298: 4296: 4287: 4230: 4218: 4206: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4150: 4135: 4090: 4078: 4054: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3953: 3877: 3823: 3794: 3729: 3637: 3625: 3601: 3565: 3526: 3490: 3478: 3434: 3377: 3293: 3243: 3170: 3072: 3053: 3017: 2993: 2981: 2841: 2810: 2798: 2783: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2583: 2531: 558:(I./JG 51—1st group of the 51st fighter wing) at 7585: 4807: 4514: 4461: 4370: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3663: 3661: 3643: 3571: 3549: 3547: 3323: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3181: 3179: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3098: 3096: 3083: 3081: 2931: 2929: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2344:

Bergström "et al" state that this flight was a world

5178: 4636: 4572: 4449: 3685: 3532: 3446: 3395: 3120: 3108: 1229:

as administrators, drivers and mechanics – men like

16:

German officer and fighter pilot during World War II

5385:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 101. Oxford, UK: 5166: 5142: 5130: 5059: 4783: 4587: 4437: 4355: 4340: 4323: 4308: 4293: 4260: 4248: 4236: 4181: 4006: 2704: 2519: 1335: 5918:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 92. Oxford, UK: 5895:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 68. Oxford, UK: 5872:. Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 15. Oxford, UK: 5849:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 37. Oxford, UK: 5826:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 29. Oxford, UK: 5739:The Last Chance – The Pilots' Plot Against Goering 5680: 5556:Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 2—1941–1942 5533:Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg 5406:Soldat: Reflections of a German Soldier, 1936-1949 5288: 4502: 4060: 3959: 3735: 3658: 3583: 3544: 3508: 3502: 3428: 3383: 3353: 3341: 3317: 3305: 3206: 3200: 3176: 3132: 3093: 3078: 3041: 3023: 2999: 2941: 2926: 2909: 2892: 2871: 2859: 2847: 641:While at this training unit, Graf was promoted to 402:Hermann Anton Graf was born on 24 October 1912 in 5936: 5803:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 9. London, UK: 5562:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. 3994: 2554: 2250:Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II 698:(Luftwaffe Mission Romania) under the command of 450:from 1921–25, and later head coach of the German 280:(24 October 1912 – 4 November 1988) was a German 7654: 5997: 5942:Knight's Cross and Oak Leaves Recipients 1939–40 5507: 5447:Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). 5434:] (in German). Esslingen, Germany: Bechtle. 4902: 1745:List of aerial victories claimed by Hermann Graf 1548:. It was an unsuccessful attempt to support the 1500:During his convalescence, he was visited by the 1383:in his absence. The Eighth Air Force flew their 1295:50 (50th Fighter Wing). On 17 August, the USAAF 937:. The 11th Army also faced Soviet forces on the 775:. With Graf in goal, it was Walter who scored a 719:. Handrick's III./JG 52 was transferred to 5560:History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 2—1941–1942 5096: 5094: 2222:credited with shooting down five or more enemy 1759:Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims 1306:rocket fighter. The Me 163 was being tested by 1166:In response to political humiliation caused by 797: 5782:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K 5446: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 4801: 2501:According to Schumann, this was on 1 May 1944. 2429:in 1950 but committed suicide in October 1952. 6299: 6052: 5968:Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History 5274:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Classic Publications. 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2369:in strength, the unit is often also known as 1277:, Graf claimed his first four-engine bomber. 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 1677: 1455:. Aside from Grislawski, who was kept on as 952:of 7./JG 52 (with 72 victories) as the 667:. On 6 October 1940, Handrick was appointed 6029:Articles and topics related to Hermann Graf 5801:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front 5508:Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). 5071: 4108:FAI—The International Air Sports Federation 2672:Luftwaffe Officer Career Summaries website. 1832:in Gold (10 November 1941) for 112 missions 1084:Initially Graf was based at Tuzov and then 1074:. The detachment came under the command of 467:. For the next three years, he worked as a 386:on 8 May 1945, but were turned over to the 7703:Deaths from Parkinson's disease in Germany 6306: 6292: 6059: 6045: 5778:Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K 5630: 5610:] (in German). UNITEC-Medienvertrieb. 5354: 5296:. Pasifica CA: Pasifica Military History. 5017: 5005: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4957: 4945: 4933: 4608: 2296: 2294: 1829:in Silver (25 August 1941) for 65 missions 1705:manufacturer ("Elektro-Schweiss-Industrie 1495: 1336:Wing commander of JG 1 and JG 11 723:in mid-October and temporarily renamed I./ 7718:Military personnel from Baden-Württemberg 5759:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1 5720: 5658:Luftwaffe Fighter Units: Russia 1945-1945 5484: 5266: 5252:. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. 5244: 4547: 4532: 4479: 3416: 3365: 3272: 3255: 3231: 2589: 2542: 2465:According to Thomas, on 9 September 1942. 1633:German POWs released at Frankfurt (Oder). 1544:, against Allied air forces based in the 686:Service in Romania and invasion of Greece 475:, he gladly accepted a change in career. 5752: 5601: 5576: 5530: 5465: 5029: 4921: 4861: 4716: 4662: 4029: 3883: 3811: 3788: 3771: 3679: 3652: 3440: 2964: 2754: 2456:According to Thomas, on 10 October 1941. 1738: 1628: 1447:(Colonel) and on 11 November, appointed 1153: 1020: 846: 511:, navigation, long-distance flights and 6004:Horrido!: Fighter aces of the Luftwaffe 5962: 5408:. New York, NY: Bantam Doubleday Dell. 5380: 5314:; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003). 4777: 4407: 3988: 2680: 2678: 2447:According to Thomas, on 22 August 1941. 2291: 1241:and Walter Bammes. Graf also requested 1203: 479:Amateur pilot and joining the Luftwaffe 7655: 5775: 5655: 5403: 5221: 5100:Luftwaffe 1933-1945: Air units website 4878: 4820: 4740: 4467: 4376: 3694: 3538: 3404: 3126: 2492:According to Schumann, on 19 May 1942. 2474:According to Scherzer, on 18 May 1942. 1713:. Endler also became president of the 1270:daylight bombing offensive over Europe 6287: 6040: 6027: 5824:Bf 109F/G/K Aces of the Western Front 5755:Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1 5701: 5678: 5553: 5200: 4520: 4508: 3577: 3463: 3114: 2739: 2525: 1899:5th Diamonds on 15 September 1942 as 1848:Knight's Cross on 24 January 1942 as 1801:Romanian Knight of Order of the Crown 1208:On 11 June 1943, Graf arrived at the 1016: 7713:People from the Grand Duchy of Baden 7626: 5913: 5890: 5867: 5844: 5821: 5798: 5422: 5316:Graf & Grislawski—A Pair of Aces 5184: 5172: 5161:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 5148: 5136: 5125:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 5110:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 5065: 5054:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 5042:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4891:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4850:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4789: 4766:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4728: 4705:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4680:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4647: 4631:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4596: 4581: 4567:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4497:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4455: 4443: 4432:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4419: 4396:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4364: 4349: 4334: 4317: 4302: 4288:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4266: 4254: 4242: 4231:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4219:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4207:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4194: 4151:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4136:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4091:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4079:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4066: 4055:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 4017: 4000: 3965: 3954:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3824:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3746: 3730:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3667: 3638:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3626:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3602:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3589: 3566:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3553: 3527:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3514: 3491:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3479:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3389: 3378:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3329: 3294:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3244:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3219: 3185: 3171:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3155: 3102: 3087: 3073:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3054:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3029: 3018:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 3005: 2994:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 2982:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 2947: 2935: 2920: 2903: 2886: 2865: 2853: 2842:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 2811:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 2799:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 2784:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 2675: 2584:Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003 1951:(Second Lieutenant) of the Reserves 1733: 1693:Russians asked of him out of fear.) 1642:, were moved to POW Camp No. 150 in 1363:(JG 1 – 1st Fighter Wing), was 7683:Recipients of the Gold German Cross 5209:]. Hannover: Sponholtz Verlag. 2126:9 October 1943 – 10 November 1943 1964:(First Lieutenant) of the Reserves 1821:Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe 1584:roughly 80km away from the city of 1162:Hermann Graf, Southern France 1943. 1139:70 miles (110 kilometers) north of 515:. He graduated to the B1 school in 503:s A-level pilot training school in 499:Graf was accepted for the Luftwaffe 13: 5990: 5203:Als der Himmel brannte (in German) 1865:93rd Oak Leaves on 17 May 1942 as 1624: 1375:. Graf appointed Grislawski (then 1158:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-5/U7 flown by 545:) Graf was then transferred to 2. 14: 7729: 4609:Aleš Janda, Tomáš Poruba (2004). 2218:A flying ace or fighter ace is a 2159:11 November 1943 – 29 March 1944 2095:21 July 1943 – late October 1943 2041:Squadron Leader of 9./JG 52 1787:Combined Pilots-Observation Badge 7635: 7607: 7595: 7557:List of German World War II aces 6314: 6073:Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds 6069:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 5916:Fw 190 Defence of the Reich Aces 5893:Bf 109 Defence of the Reich Aces 5847:Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front 4602: 4156: 4096: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2468: 2459: 2450: 2441: 2432: 2419: 2386: 2376: 2359: 2338: 2325: 1919: 1371:of JG 1 and transferred to 1040:, was underway, and the city of 974:Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross 901:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 337:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 131: 111: 38: 7678:German World War II flying aces 5870:Jagdgeschwader 52: The Experten 5706:. London, UK: Greenhill Books. 5340:. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. 5318:. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. 5193: 3901: 2312: 2303: 2274: 2264: 2255: 2242: 2044:23 March 1942 – 2 October 1942 605:Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Merseburg 573: 5451:. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. 5383:Luftwaffe Viermot Aces 1942–45 3503:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001 3429:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001 3354:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001 3342:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001 3318:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001 3306:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001 3201:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001 3042:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001 2229: 2212: 1882:11th Swords on 19 May 1942 as 1227:Germany national football team 1127:Germany national football team 448:Germany national football team 1: 7562:List of top World War II aces 5970:. Santa Barbara, California: 4164:"Luftwaffe 1933–1945 website" 2555:Williamson & Bujeiro 2004 2508: 2281:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 2237:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 2068:1 February 1943 – April 1943 1696: 1471:on 6 March, was over another 1418:, while flying in an unarmed 1379:of 1./ JG 50) as acting 1266:United States Army Air Forces 397: 331:, the German invasion of the 5721:Steinhoff, Johannes (2005). 5631:Von Seemen, Gerhard (1976). 5292:; Mikhailov, Andrey (2001). 4903:Patzwall & Scherzer 2001 2513: 2193:1 October 1944 – 8 May 1945 1496:Wing commander of JG 52 1285:. Graf's football team, the 1177:, commanded by Ihlefeld and 798:War against the Soviet Union 578: 19:For the German painter, see 7: 5531:Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). 3909:"Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost" 2365:Being always just a single 2021: 1657:Heimkehrerlager Gronenfelde 1617:on 8 May 1945 and became a 1319:16 (16th Test Commando) at 423:soldier, being awarded the 10: 7734: 6323:with 100+ aerial victories 5940:; Bujeiro, Ramiro (2004). 5404:Knappe, Siegfried (1992). 4802:Mathews & Foreman 2015 1977:(Captain) of the Reserves 1815:1st Class (31 August 1941) 1749:According to US historian 1742: 1385:second raid on Schweinfurt 696:Luftwaffenmission Rumänien 18: 7551: 6887:Horst-Günther von Fassong 6774: 6551: 6416: 6367: 6328: 6269: 6233: 6157: 6126: 6095: 6079: 6034: 5485:Obermaier, Ernst (1989). 5466:Musciano, Walter (1989). 5428:Ich spreche die Wahrheit! 2195: 2182: 2173: 2161: 2148: 2139: 2128: 2114: 2105: 2100:disbanded, into I./JG 301 2097: 2084: 2078: 2070: 2060: 2054: 2046: 2039: 2033: 2028: 1812:2nd Class (9 August 1941) 1768: 1611:90th US Infantry Division 1132:Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost 1118:Fighter pilot instructor— 790:, the German invasion of 587:and Graf was promoted to 267: 256: 246: 209: 191: 165: 152: 144: 124: 106: 96: 79: 56: 44:Hermann Graf (left) with 37: 30: 7134:Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer 6220:Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer 6170:Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz 5753:Stockert, Peter (1996). 5626: (21 October 2014). 5381:Forsyth, Robert (2011). 5356:Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer 5222:Berger, Florian (1999). 2205: 1781:Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe 1679:Ich spreche die Wahrheit 1145:Toulouse-Blagnac Airport 1005:non-commissioned officer 624:and former commander of 290:. He served on both the 7174:Franz-Josef Beerenbrock 6215:Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke 5725:(in German). Flechsig. 5687:. New York: Ivy Books. 5602:Schumann, Ralf (2005). 5577:Scherzer, Veit (2007). 1826:in Bronze (15 May 1941) 1763:German Federal Archives 1594:Luftwaffenkommando VIII 1506:(General of Fighters), 1503:General der Jagdflieger 1255:, the commander of the 876:First Battle of Kharkov 771:international debut by 564:Messerschmitt Bf 109E-1 488:officially revoked the 429:Weimar Inflation crisis 327:Following the start of 7456:Max-Hellmuth Ostermann 6708:Hans-Joachim Marseille 6113:Hans-Joachim Marseille 5776:Thomas, Franz (1997). 5683:Luftwaffe Fighter Aces 5656:Shores, Chris (1978). 5554:Prien, Jochen (1993). 4104:"FAI Record ID #11713" 2346:flight altitude record 1896:52 with 106 victories. 1678: 1670:French Occupation Zone 1634: 1566:Vistula-Oder offensive 1477:453d Bombardment Group 1163: 1030: 966:Soviet offensive there 878:and then crossing the 859: 541:(a rank equivalent to 101:City cemetery in Engen 7382:Eberhard von Boremski 6813:Friedrich-Karl Müller 6648:Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert 6491:Theodor Weissenberger 3896:Bergström et al. 2006 3872:Bergström et al. 2006 3860:Bergström et al. 2006 3848:Bergström et al. 2006 3836:Bergström et al. 2006 3614:Bergström et al. 2006 2226:during aerial combat. 2116:interim Commander of 2002:(Lieutenant Colonel) 1913:52 for 172 victories. 1879:52 for 104 victories. 1840:in Gold in April 1942 1792:Romanian Pilots Badge 1789:in Gold with Diamonds 1739:Aerial victory claims 1632: 1542:Operation Bodenplatte 1479:. It was actually an 1420:Messerschmitt Bf 108 1346:(Lieutenant Colonel) 1168:de Havilland Mosquito 1157: 1024: 850: 620:gold medalist in the 551:(2nd squadron) of I./ 406:in what was then the 356:de Havilland Mosquito 145:Years of service 21:Hermann Graf (artist) 7698:German glider pilots 7184:Hans-Joachim Birkner 6698:Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke 6319:German World War II 6261:Dietrich von Saucken 6246:Hasso von Manteuffel 5702:Spick, Mike (2006). 5679:Spick, Mike (1996). 5201:Bartz, Karl (1955). 4114:on 24 September 2015 2322:on 25 November 1942. 1905:of the Reserves and 1886:of the Reserves and 1869:of the Reserves and 1356:(Wing Commander) of 1329:Messerschmitt Me 262 1304:Messerschmitt Me 163 1204:Defense of the Reich 1079:Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke 1027:Technikmuseum Speyer 808:Operation Barbarossa 690:The rise of General 490:Treaty of Versailles 408:Grand Duchy of Baden 394:on 4 November 1988. 364:(Wing Commander) of 329:Operation Barbarossa 239:Defense of the Reich 229:Operation Barbarossa 7529:Paul-Heinrich Dähne 7436:Friedrich Geißhardt 6824:Friedrich Wachowiak 5914:Weal, John (2011). 5891:Weal, John (2006). 5868:Weal, John (2004). 5845:Weal, John (2001). 5822:Weal, John (1999). 5799:Weal, John (1996). 5334:Bergström, Christer 5312:Bergström, Christer 5290:Bergström, Christer 5272:Bagration to Berlin 5268:Bergström, Christer 5246:Bergström, Christer 4804:, pp. 409–413. 4768:, pp. 269–274. 4743:, pp. 388–389. 4731:, pp. 221–223. 4707:, pp. 261–268. 4633:, pp. 255–260. 4569:, pp. 249–253. 4499:, pp. 246–248. 4398:, pp. 199–216. 4290:, pp. 195–198. 4138:, pp. 175–176. 4057:, pp. 239–244. 3956:, pp. 165–174. 3732:, pp. 126–138. 2288:on 1 January 1945. 1862:52 for 42 victories 1823:for Fighter Pilots 1728:Parkinson's disease 1550:Battle of the Bulge 1449:Geschwaderkommodore 1397:Geschwaderkommodore 1369:Geschwaderkommodore 1353:Geschwaderkommodore 1218:pressurized cockpit 1058:Geschwaderkommodore 935:siege to Sevastopol 452:1954 FIFA World Cup 373:Geschwaderkommodore 361:Geschwaderkommodore 46:Willy Messerschmitt 6919:Joachim Müncheberg 6638:Johannes Steinhoff 6241:Ferdinand Schörner 6180:Hans-Valentin Hube 6175:Herbert Otto Gille 6067:Recipients of the 5998:Toliver, Raymond; 5938:Williamson, Gordon 5470:. New York: Aero. 5468:Messerschmitt Aces 5432:I speak the truth! 5207:When the Sky Burnt 4613:. JaPo. p. 7. 4550:, pp. 99–100. 2398:Johannes Steinhoff 1982:29 September 1942: 1969:18 September 1942: 1935:(Sergeant) of the 1783:(9 December 1941) 1635: 1532:In December, both 1316:Erprobungskommando 1251:(Colonel General) 1210:Wiesbaden airfield 1164: 1147:. Graf selected a 1031: 1017:Towards Stalingrad 1013:to be so honored. 1001:anti-aircraft fire 927:Erich von Manstein 860: 855:also known as the 754:as it crossed the 729:Romanian Air Force 657:Heinrich Füllgrabe 525:instrument flights 513:deadstick landings 457:Graf finished his 442:. Herberger was a 384:United States Army 7708:People from Engen 7583: 7582: 7577: 7576: 7543: 7533: 7523: 7513: 7503: 7493: 7483: 7471: 7460: 7450: 7440: 7430: 7426:Siegfried Freytag 7420: 7410: 7406:Heinz Sachsenberg 7400: 7386: 7376: 7366: 7356: 7346: 7336: 7326: 7316: 7306: 7296: 7282: 7272: 7262: 7252: 7238: 7228: 7218: 7208: 7198: 7188: 7178: 7168: 7158: 7154:Friedrich Obleser 7148: 7138: 7128: 7118: 7108: 7094: 7084: 7074: 7062: 7058:Rudolf Rademacher 7051: 7041: 7031: 7021: 7011: 7001: 6991: 6981: 6971: 6961: 6951: 6943:Alfred Grislawski 6937: 6927: 6913: 6903: 6891: 6880: 6870: 6860: 6850: 6840: 6828: 6817: 6807: 6797: 6787: 6766: 6756: 6746: 6736: 6726: 6716: 6702: 6692: 6682: 6672: 6662: 6652: 6642: 6632: 6622: 6612: 6608:Joachim Kirschner 6602: 6592: 6582: 6568: 6543: 6533: 6523: 6509: 6495: 6485: 6471: 6457: 6443: 6433: 6408: 6394: 6384: 6359: 6345: 6278: 6277: 6272:Golden Oak Leaves 6251:Theodor Tolsdorff 6185:Albert Kesselring 6165:Hans-Ulrich Rudel 6000:Constable, Trevor 5981:978-1-59884-980-6 5964:Zabecki, David T. 5955:978-1-84176-641-6 5946:Osprey Publishing 5929:978-1-84603-482-4 5920:Osprey Publishing 5906:978-1-84176-879-3 5897:Osprey Publishing 5883:978-1-84176-786-4 5874:Osprey Publishing 5860:978-1-84176-084-1 5851:Osprey Publishing 5837:978-1-85532-905-8 5828:Osprey Publishing 5814:978-1-85532-595-1 5805:Osprey Publishing 5791:978-3-7648-2299-6 5768:978-3-9802222-7-3 5704:Aces of the Reich 5694:978-0-8041-1696-1 5671:978-0-85045-234-1 5662:Osprey Publishing 5648:978-3-7909-0051-4 5594:978-3-938845-17-2 5569:978-3-923457-22-9 5546:978-3-931533-08-3 5523:978-3-931533-45-8 5500:978-3-87341-065-7 5458:978-1-906592-19-6 5396:978-1-84908-438-3 5387:Osprey Publishing 5373:978-3-7909-0284-6 5347:978-0-9761034-4-8 5325:978-0-9721060-4-7 5281:978-1-90322-391-8 5259:978-1-857802-76-4 5237:978-3-9501307-0-6 4422:, pp. 60–62. 3991:, pp. 24–25. 3682:, pp. 6, 44. 3332:, pp. 73–74. 3296:, pp. 83–90. 3075:, pp. 67–74. 2984:, pp. 33–36. 2844:, pp. 23–31. 2786:, pp. 17–19. 2586:, pp. 11–12. 2286:Hans-Ulrich Rudel 2271:from 1 to 22 Dec. 2203: 2202: 2196:Succeeded by 2162:Succeeded by 2129:Succeeded by 2098:Succeeded by 2073:Maj Werner Andres 2071:Succeeded by 2057:Maj Werner Andres 2047:Succeeded by 2029:Military offices 2019: 2018: 1927:1 September 1939: 1761:, researched the 1734:Summary of career 1719:Baden-Württemberg 1571:Hans-Ulrich Rudel 1564:The major Soviet 1300:raided Regensburg 1231:Hermann Eppenhoff 1149:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 1137:St. Jean d'Angély 1044:, gateway to the 892:battle for Rostov 870:, the capture of 760:Greco-Italian War 737:Leopold Steinbatz 669:Gruppenkommandeur 665:Battle of Britain 653:Alfred Grislawski 649:second lieutenant 636:Spanish Civil War 622:modern pentathlon 614:Gotthard Handrick 600:Gruppenkommandeur 322:invasion of Crete 275: 274: 7725: 7673:Luftwaffe pilots 7648: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7628: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7600: 7599: 7598: 7591: 7570: 7544: 7541: 7534: 7531: 7524: 7521: 7514: 7511: 7504: 7501: 7494: 7491: 7484: 7481: 7479:Josef Wurmheller 7474: 7473: 7469: 7467:Herbert Rollwage 7461: 7458: 7451: 7448: 7441: 7438: 7431: 7428: 7421: 7418: 7416:Hartmann Grasser 7411: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7387: 7384: 7377: 7374: 7367: 7364: 7357: 7354: 7347: 7344: 7342:Bernhard Vechtel 7337: 7334: 7327: 7324: 7317: 7314: 7307: 7304: 7297: 7290: 7283: 7280: 7273: 7270: 7263: 7260: 7253: 7246: 7239: 7236: 7229: 7226: 7219: 7216: 7209: 7206: 7199: 7196: 7189: 7186: 7179: 7176: 7169: 7166: 7159: 7156: 7149: 7146: 7139: 7136: 7129: 7126: 7119: 7116: 7109: 7102: 7100:Herbert Ihlefeld 7095: 7092: 7085: 7082: 7075: 7072: 7070:Josef Zwernemann 7065: 7064: 7060: 7052: 7049: 7042: 7039: 7032: 7029: 7022: 7019: 7012: 7009: 7007:Gerhard Hoffmann 7002: 6999: 6992: 6989: 6982: 6979: 6972: 6969: 6962: 6959: 6952: 6945: 6938: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6914: 6911: 6909:Karl-Heinz Weber 6904: 6901: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6881: 6878: 6871: 6868: 6861: 6858: 6851: 6848: 6841: 6838: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6818: 6815: 6808: 6805: 6798: 6795: 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Zabecki 1715:FC Bayern Munich 1681: 1662:Frankfurt (Oder) 1538:Gerhard Barkhorn 1453:Leningrad sector 1365:killed in action 1297:Eighth Air Force 1281:three-squadron, 1261:(Reserve Army). 1233:, Hermann Koch, 1081:from JG 3. 1068:Herbert Ihlefeld 788:Operation Merkur 779:in the 3–2 win. 718: 661:Battle of France 502: 301:Graf, a pre-war 137: 135: 134: 126: 117: 115: 114: 86: 66: 64: 42: 28: 27: 7733: 7732: 7728: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7723: 7722: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7641: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7627:sister projects 7624:at Knowledge's 7618: 7608: 7606: 7596: 7594: 7586: 7584: 7579: 7578: 7573: 7572: 7568: 7566: 7547: 7539:Reinhard Seiler 7537: 7527: 7517: 7507: 7497: 7487: 7477: 7465: 7464: 7454: 7444: 7434: 7424: 7414: 7404: 7390: 7380: 7370: 7360: 7350: 7340: 7330: 7320: 7310: 7300: 7286: 7276: 7266: 7256: 7242: 7234:Wilhelm Crinius 7232: 7222: 7212: 7202: 7192: 7182: 7172: 7162: 7152: 7142: 7132: 7124:Heinz Marquardt 7122: 7112: 7098: 7088: 7080:Dietrich Hrabak 7078: 7068: 7056: 7055: 7045: 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5028: 5024: 5018:Von Seemen 1976 5016: 5012: 5006:Fellgiebel 2000 5004: 5000: 4994:Von Seemen 1976 4992: 4988: 4982:Fellgiebel 2000 4980: 4976: 4970:Von Seemen 1976 4968: 4964: 4958:Fellgiebel 2000 4956: 4952: 4946:Von Seemen 1976 4944: 4940: 4934:Fellgiebel 2000 4932: 4928: 4920: 4909: 4901: 4897: 4889: 4885: 4877: 4868: 4860: 4856: 4848: 4827: 4819: 4808: 4800: 4796: 4788: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4764: 4747: 4739: 4735: 4727: 4723: 4715: 4711: 4703: 4686: 4682:, pp. 302. 4678: 4669: 4661: 4654: 4646: 4637: 4629: 4618: 4607: 4603: 4595: 4588: 4580: 4573: 4565: 4554: 4546: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4519: 4515: 4507: 4503: 4495: 4486: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4442: 4438: 4430: 4426: 4418: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4394: 4383: 4375: 4371: 4363: 4356: 4348: 4341: 4333: 4324: 4316: 4309: 4301: 4294: 4286: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4193: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4149: 4142: 4134: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4065: 4061: 4053: 4036: 4028: 4024: 4016: 4007: 3999: 3995: 3987: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3894: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3870: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3795: 3787: 3778: 3770: 3753: 3745: 3736: 3728: 3701: 3693: 3686: 3678: 3674: 3666: 3659: 3651: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3580:, p. 1099. 3576: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3552: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3477: 3470: 3462: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3403: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3279: 3271: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3207: 3199: 3192: 3184: 3177: 3169: 3162: 3154: 3133: 3125: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3094: 3086: 3079: 3071: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3012: 3004: 3000: 2992: 2988: 2980: 2971: 2963: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2934: 2927: 2919: 2910: 2902: 2893: 2885: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2790: 2782: 2761: 2753: 2746: 2738: 2705: 2695: 2693: 2686:"Graf, Hermann" 2684: 2683: 2676: 2671: 2590: 2582: 2561: 2553: 2549: 2541: 2532: 2528:, pp. 3–4. 2524: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2424: 2420: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2377: 2364: 2360: 2343: 2339: 2330: 2326: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2292: 2279: 2275: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2234: 2230: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2199: 2192: 2180: 2178:Dietrich Hrabak 2176:Oberstleutnant 2169: 2158: 2146: 2135: 2125: 2112: 2101: 2094: 2082: 2074: 2067: 2058: 2050: 2049:Ernst Ehrenberg 2043: 2037: 2024: 1922: 1771: 1747: 1741: 1736: 1699: 1685:Bild am Sonntag 1627: 1625:Prisoner of war 1619:prisoner of war 1592:, commander of 1508:Generalleutnant 1498: 1416:North Sea Coast 1408:Deelen Air Base 1338: 1253:Friedrich Fromm 1239:Franz Hanreiter 1214:Jagdgruppe Süd 1206: 1194:Escudrilla Azul 1123: 1052:to capture the 1019: 987:in Poland (the 939:Kerch Peninsula 890:to support the 880:Perekop isthmus 841:Polikarpov I-16 813:Reichsmarschall 800: 764:Balkan Campaign 735:, and later by 712: 710:Wilhelm Speidel 704:(equivalent to 701:Generalleutnant 688: 647:(equivalent to 581: 576: 500: 481: 427:. Postwar, the 400: 303:football player 268:Other work 224:Battle of Crete 132: 130: 112: 110: 102: 88: 84: 83:4 November 1988 68: 67:24 October 1912 62: 60: 52: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7731: 7721: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7650: 7649: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7604: 7581: 7580: 7575: 7574: 7567: 7565: 7564: 7559: 7553: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7535: 7525: 7519:Ulrich Wernitz 7515: 7505: 7499:Werner Mölders 7495: 7489:Rudolf Miethig 7485: 7475: 7462: 7452: 7442: 7432: 7422: 7412: 7402: 7388: 7378: 7372:Günther Lützow 7368: 7358: 7348: 7338: 7328: 7318: 7308: 7298: 7284: 7274: 7268:Berthold Korts 7264: 7254: 7244:Werner Schröer 7240: 7230: 7224:August Lambert 7220: 7214:Heinz Wernicke 7210: 7200: 7190: 7180: 7170: 7160: 7150: 7140: 7130: 7120: 7114:Wolfgang Tonne 7110: 7096: 7090:Wolf-Udo Ettel 7086: 7076: 7066: 7053: 7043: 7037:Franz Eisenach 7033: 7023: 7017:Heinrich Sterr 7013: 7003: 6993: 6987:Adolf Dickfeld 6983: 6973: 6967:Adolf Borchers 6963: 6957:Johannes Wiese 6953: 6939: 6929: 6915: 6905: 6899:Otto Fönnekold 6895: 6882: 6876:Walter Wolfrum 6872: 6862: 6856:Rudolf Trenkel 6852: 6842: 6832: 6819: 6809: 6799: 6789: 6778: 6776: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6768: 6758: 6752:Peter Düttmann 6748: 6738: 6732:Gerhard Thyben 6728: 6722:Heinrich Sturm 6718: 6704: 6694: 6684: 6674: 6664: 6658:Günther Schack 6654: 6644: 6634: 6628:Günther Josten 6624: 6614: 6604: 6594: 6584: 6570: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6539:Helmut Lipfert 6535: 6525: 6511: 6497: 6487: 6473: 6459: 6445: 6435: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6410: 6400:Walter Nowotny 6396: 6386: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6361: 6347: 6337:Erich Hartmann 6332: 6330: 6326: 6325: 6311: 6310: 6303: 6296: 6288: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6237: 6235: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6205:Erich Hartmann 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6146: 6144:Walter Nowotny 6141: 6136: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6099: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6087:Werner Mölders 6083: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6064: 6063: 6056: 6049: 6041: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6021: 6020: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5986: 5980: 5966:, ed. (2014). 5960: 5954: 5944:. Oxford, UK: 5934: 5928: 5911: 5905: 5888: 5882: 5865: 5859: 5842: 5836: 5819: 5813: 5796: 5790: 5773: 5767: 5750: 5731: 5718: 5712: 5699: 5693: 5676: 5670: 5660:. London, UK: 5653: 5647: 5628: 5599: 5593: 5580:Bundesarchives 5574: 5568: 5551: 5545: 5528: 5522: 5505: 5499: 5482: 5476: 5463: 5457: 5444: 5420: 5414: 5401: 5395: 5378: 5372: 5352: 5346: 5330: 5324: 5308: 5302: 5286: 5280: 5264: 5258: 5242: 5236: 5219: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5187:, p. 121. 5177: 5165: 5163:, p. 240. 5153: 5141: 5129: 5127:, p. 199. 5114: 5112:, p. 195. 5102: 5070: 5058: 5056:, p. 210. 5046: 5044:, p. 100. 5034: 5032:, p. 428. 5022: 5010: 4998: 4986: 4974: 4962: 4950: 4948:, p. 144. 4938: 4936:, p. 201. 4926: 4924:, p. 344. 4907: 4905:, p. 144. 4895: 4883: 4881:, p. 213. 4866: 4854: 4825: 4806: 4794: 4782: 4780:, p. 117. 4770: 4745: 4733: 4721: 4709: 4684: 4667: 4652: 4650:, p. 120. 4635: 4616: 4601: 4586: 4584:, p. 118. 4571: 4552: 4548:Bergström 2008 4537: 4533:Steinhoff 2005 4525: 4523:, p. 178. 4513: 4501: 4484: 4480:Bergström 2008 4472: 4460: 4458:, p. 112. 4448: 4436: 4434:, p. 295. 4424: 4412: 4400: 4381: 4369: 4354: 4339: 4322: 4307: 4292: 4271: 4259: 4247: 4235: 4233:, p. 188. 4223: 4221:, p. 182. 4211: 4209:, p. 179. 4199: 4180: 4155: 4153:, p. 181. 4140: 4125: 4095: 4093:, p. 196. 4083: 4081:, p. 172. 4071: 4059: 4034: 4022: 4005: 3993: 3970: 3958: 3925: 3900: 3898:, p. 223. 3888: 3876: 3874:, p. 140. 3864: 3862:, p. 168. 3852: 3850:, p. 163. 3840: 3838:, p. 155. 3828: 3826:, p. 129. 3816: 3793: 3791:, p. 430. 3776: 3774:, p. 126. 3751: 3734: 3699: 3684: 3672: 3657: 3642: 3640:, p. 123. 3630: 3628:, p. 106. 3618: 3606: 3604:, p. 105. 3594: 3582: 3570: 3558: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3507: 3505:, p. 168. 3495: 3483: 3468: 3466:, p. 124. 3445: 3433: 3431:, p. 212. 3421: 3419:, p. 243. 3417:Obermaier 1989 3409: 3394: 3382: 3370: 3366:Bergström 2007 3358: 3356:, p. 138. 3346: 3344:, p. 158. 3334: 3322: 3320:, p. 136. 3310: 3308:, p. 135. 3298: 3277: 3273:Bergström 2007 3260: 3256:Bergström 2007 3248: 3236: 3232:Bergström 2007 3224: 3205: 3203:, p. 124. 3190: 3175: 3160: 3131: 3119: 3117:, p. 222. 3107: 3092: 3077: 3058: 3056:, p. 290. 3046: 3034: 3022: 3020:, p. 289. 3010: 2998: 2986: 2969: 2967:, p. 125. 2952: 2940: 2925: 2908: 2891: 2870: 2858: 2846: 2815: 2803: 2788: 2759: 2757:, p. 124. 2744: 2742:, p. 210. 2703: 2674: 2588: 2559: 2547: 2543:Obermaier 1989 2530: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2476: 2467: 2458: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2425:Jobst married 2418: 2406:Eduard Neumann 2402:Günther Lützow 2385: 2375: 2358: 2354:Caproni Ca.161 2337: 2324: 2320:Jagdgruppe Ost 2311: 2302: 2290: 2273: 2263: 2254: 2241: 2228: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2187:Jagdgeschwader 2181: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2163: 2160: 2153:Jagdgeschwader 2147: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2130: 2127: 2119:Jagdgeschwader 2113: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2089:Jagdgeschwader 2083: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2064:Jagdgruppe Ost 2059: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2008: 2004: 2003: 1999:Oberstleutnant 1995: 1991: 1990: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1970: 1966: 1965: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1928: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1911:Jagdgeschwader 1907:Staffelkapitän 1897: 1894:Jagdgeschwader 1889:Staffelkapitän 1880: 1877:Jagdgeschwader 1872:Staffelkapitän 1863: 1860:Jagdgeschwader 1841: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1804: 1798: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1770: 1767: 1743:Main article: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1698: 1695: 1626: 1623: 1598:Erich Hartmann 1590:Hans Seidemann 1534:Erich Hartmann 1497: 1494: 1473:B-24 Liberator 1465:B-24 Liberator 1431:Jagdgeschwader 1402:Jagdgeschwader 1377:Staffelkapitän 1359:Jagdgeschwader 1343:Oberstleutnant 1337: 1334: 1311:Wolfgang Späte 1293:Jagdgeschwader 1223:Sepp Herberger 1205: 1202: 1183:Berchtesgarden 1179:Jagdgeschwader 1173:Jagdgeschwader 1122: 1120:Jagdgruppe Ost 1116: 1091:Yakovlev Yak-1 1018: 1015: 981:Adolf Dickfeld 950:Gerhard Köppen 909:Staffelkapitän 857:Karaya-Staffel 817:Hermann Göring 799: 796: 741:Edmund Roßmann 725:Jagdgeschwader 687: 684: 674:Jagdgeschwader 580: 577: 575: 572: 554:Jagdgeschwader 480: 477: 465:apprenticeship 440:Sepp Herberger 412:Lake Constance 399: 396: 378:Jagdgeschwader 367:Jagdgeschwader 350:Jagdgeschwader 312:Jagdgeschwader 296:Western Fronts 273: 272: 269: 265: 264: 258: 254: 253: 248: 244: 243: 242: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 211: 207: 206: 193: 189: 188: 174:EJGr Merseburg 167: 163: 162: 154: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 128: 122: 121: 108: 104: 103: 100: 98: 94: 93: 87:(aged 76) 81: 77: 76: 58: 54: 53: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7730: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7646: 7645: 7633: 7632: 7629: 7623: 7615: 7605: 7603: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7540: 7536: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7516: 7510: 7509:Josef Priller 7506: 7500: 7496: 7490: 7486: 7480: 7476: 7468: 7463: 7457: 7453: 7447: 7443: 7437: 7433: 7427: 7423: 7417: 7413: 7407: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7392:Adolf Galland 7389: 7383: 7379: 7373: 7369: 7363: 7359: 7353: 7349: 7343: 7339: 7333: 7329: 7323: 7319: 7313: 7312:Franz Woidich 7309: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7288:Kurt Bühligen 7285: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7265: 7259: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7241: 7235: 7231: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7211: 7205: 7201: 7195: 7191: 7185: 7181: 7175: 7171: 7165: 7161: 7155: 7151: 7145: 7141: 7135: 7131: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7097: 7091: 7087: 7081: 7077: 7071: 7067: 7059: 7054: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7034: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7014: 7008: 7004: 6998: 6997:Wilhelm Lemke 6994: 6988: 6984: 6978: 6977:Erwin Clausen 6974: 6968: 6964: 6958: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6940: 6934: 6933:Hans Waldmann 6930: 6925: 6920: 6916: 6910: 6906: 6900: 6896: 6888: 6883: 6877: 6873: 6867: 6863: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6846:Heinrich Setz 6843: 6837: 6833: 6825: 6820: 6814: 6810: 6804: 6800: 6794: 6790: 6784: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6763: 6762:Gordon Gollob 6759: 6753: 6749: 6743: 6739: 6733: 6729: 6723: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6688:Horst Ademeit 6685: 6679: 6678:Heinz Schmidt 6675: 6669: 6665: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6635: 6629: 6625: 6619: 6615: 6609: 6605: 6599: 6595: 6589: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6550: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6515:Walter Schuck 6512: 6507: 6502: 6498: 6492: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6406: 6401: 6397: 6391: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6357: 6352: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6327: 6322: 6309: 6304: 6302: 6297: 6295: 6290: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6273: 6268: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6210:Hermann Balck 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6195:Sepp Dietrich 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6139:Wolfgang Lüth 6137: 6135: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6125: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6108:Gordon Gollob 6106: 6104: 6103:Adolf Galland 6101: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6062: 6057: 6055: 6050: 6048: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6033: 6026: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5996: 5995: 5983: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5912: 5908: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5843: 5839: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5797: 5793: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5751: 5748: 5747:0-09-129620-X 5744: 5740: 5734: 5732:3-88189-592-2 5728: 5724: 5719: 5715: 5713:1-85367-675-6 5709: 5705: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5685: 5684: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5590: 5586: 5581: 5575: 5571: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5548: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5529: 5525: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5483: 5479: 5477:0-8306-8379-8 5473: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5450: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5415:0-440-21526-9 5411: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5303:0-935553-51-7 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5199: 5198: 5186: 5181: 5175:, p. 86. 5174: 5169: 5162: 5157: 5151:, p. 15. 5150: 5145: 5139:, p. 72. 5138: 5133: 5126: 5121: 5119: 5111: 5106: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5068:, p. 85. 5067: 5062: 5055: 5050: 5043: 5038: 5031: 5030:Stockert 1996 5026: 5020:, p. 12. 5019: 5014: 5008:, p. 36. 5007: 5002: 4996:, p. 14. 4995: 4990: 4984:, p. 39. 4983: 4978: 4972:, p. 29. 4971: 4966: 4960:, p. 59. 4959: 4954: 4947: 4942: 4935: 4930: 4923: 4922:Scherzer 2007 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4904: 4899: 4893:, p. 60. 4892: 4887: 4880: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4864:, p. 87. 4863: 4862:Patzwall 2008 4858: 4852:, p. 93. 4851: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4823:, p. 92. 4822: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4803: 4798: 4792:, p. 83. 4791: 4786: 4779: 4774: 4767: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4742: 4737: 4730: 4725: 4719:, p. 47. 4718: 4717:Schumann 2005 4713: 4706: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4681: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4665:, p. 46. 4664: 4663:Schumann 2005 4659: 4657: 4649: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4632: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4612: 4605: 4599:, p. 82. 4598: 4593: 4591: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4568: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4549: 4544: 4542: 4534: 4529: 4522: 4517: 4510: 4505: 4498: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4482:, p. 79. 4481: 4476: 4470:, p. 43. 4469: 4464: 4457: 4452: 4446:, p. 69. 4445: 4440: 4433: 4428: 4421: 4416: 4410:, p. 36. 4409: 4404: 4397: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4379:, p. 41. 4378: 4373: 4367:, p. 62. 4366: 4361: 4359: 4352:, p. 51. 4351: 4346: 4344: 4337:, p. 47. 4336: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4320:, p. 49. 4319: 4314: 4312: 4305:, p. 32. 4304: 4299: 4297: 4289: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4269:, p. 45. 4268: 4263: 4257:, p. 14. 4256: 4251: 4245:, p. 50. 4244: 4239: 4232: 4227: 4220: 4215: 4208: 4203: 4197:, p. 55. 4196: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4152: 4147: 4145: 4137: 4132: 4130: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4092: 4087: 4080: 4075: 4068: 4063: 4056: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4032:, p. 58. 4031: 4030:Musciano 1989 4026: 4020:, p. 33. 4019: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4002: 3997: 3990: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3968:, p. 60. 3967: 3962: 3955: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3914: 3910: 3904: 3897: 3892: 3886:, p. 18. 3885: 3884:Schumann 2005 3880: 3873: 3868: 3861: 3856: 3849: 3844: 3837: 3832: 3825: 3820: 3814:, p. ii. 3813: 3812:Schumann 2005 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3790: 3789:Stockert 1996 3785: 3783: 3781: 3773: 3772:Musciano 1989 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3749:, p. 84. 3748: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3731: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3697:, p. 22. 3696: 3691: 3689: 3681: 3680:Schumann 2005 3676: 3670:, p. 83. 3669: 3664: 3662: 3654: 3653:Schumann 2005 3649: 3647: 3639: 3634: 3627: 3622: 3616:, p. 77. 3615: 3610: 3603: 3598: 3592:, p. 80. 3591: 3586: 3579: 3574: 3568:, p. 68. 3567: 3562: 3556:, p. 79. 3555: 3550: 3548: 3541:, p. 21. 3540: 3535: 3529:, p. 98. 3528: 3523: 3517:, p. 75. 3516: 3511: 3504: 3499: 3493:, p. 96. 3492: 3487: 3481:, p. 94. 3480: 3475: 3473: 3465: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3443:, p. 51. 3442: 3441:Musciano 1989 3437: 3430: 3425: 3418: 3413: 3407:, p. 20. 3406: 3401: 3399: 3392:, p. 74. 3391: 3386: 3380:, p. 92. 3379: 3374: 3368:, p. 34. 3367: 3362: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3302: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3275:, p. 31. 3274: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3258:, p. 29. 3257: 3252: 3246:, p. 80. 3245: 3240: 3234:, p. 30. 3233: 3228: 3222:, p. 72. 3221: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3202: 3197: 3195: 3188:, p. 71. 3187: 3182: 3180: 3173:, p. 77. 3172: 3167: 3165: 3158:, p. 55. 3157: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3129:, p. 19. 3128: 3123: 3116: 3111: 3105:, p. 57. 3104: 3099: 3097: 3090:, p. 70. 3089: 3084: 3082: 3074: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3055: 3050: 3044:, p. 23. 3043: 3038: 3032:, p. 69. 3031: 3026: 3019: 3014: 3008:, p. 63. 3007: 3002: 2996:, p. 47. 2995: 2990: 2983: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2966: 2965:Musciano 1989 2961: 2959: 2957: 2950:, p. 31. 2949: 2944: 2938:, p. 62. 2937: 2932: 2930: 2923:, p. 30. 2922: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2906:, p. 61. 2905: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2889:, p. 56. 2888: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2868:, p. 55. 2867: 2862: 2856:, p. 54. 2855: 2850: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2813:, p. 22. 2812: 2807: 2801:, p. 21. 2800: 2795: 2793: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2756: 2755:Musciano 1989 2751: 2749: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2691: 2687: 2681: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2585: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2556: 2551: 2545:, p. 21. 2544: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2498: 2489: 2480: 2471: 2462: 2453: 2444: 2435: 2428: 2422: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2389: 2379: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2341: 2334: 2328: 2321: 2315: 2306: 2297: 2295: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2267: 2258: 2251: 2245: 2238: 2232: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2211: 2191: 2190: 2188: 2184:Commander of 2179: 2172: 2167: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2150:Commander of 2145: 2138: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2111: 2104: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2086:Commander of 2077: 2066: 2065: 2062:Commander of 2053: 2042: 2032: 2027: 2014: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1920:Dates of rank 1912: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803:(23 May 1941) 1802: 1799: 1797: 1796:Crimea Shield 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1755:Western Front 1752: 1746: 1731: 1729: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1680: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1605:to cross the 1604: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1546:Low Countries 1543: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1511:Adolf Galland 1509: 1505: 1504: 1493: 1490: 1489:P-51 Mustangs 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1426: 1424: 1423: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1360: 1355: 1354: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1313:'s test unit 1312: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1278: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1248:Generaloberst 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1201: 1199: 1198:Blue Squadron 1195: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1161: 1156: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1128: 1121: 1115: 1113: 1108: 1107:Unteroffizier 1103: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1061:Gordon Gollob 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1028: 1023: 1014: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1002: 996: 994: 990: 986: 982: 979: 975: 971: 967: 962: 960: 955: 951: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 919: 917: 916: 911: 910: 904: 902: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 858: 854: 849: 845: 842: 838: 837:Junkers Ju 87 834: 830: 826: 825:Belaya Zerkov 822: 818: 815: 814: 809: 805: 795: 793: 789: 785: 780: 778: 774: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 748: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 716: 711: 707: 706:major general 703: 702: 697: 693: 683: 681: 677: 675: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 645: 639: 637: 633: 632:Condor Legion 629: 628: 627:Jagdgruppe 88 623: 619: 615: 612: 611: 606: 602: 601: 596: 592: 591: 586: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 555: 550: 549: 544: 540: 539: 538:Unteroffizier 534: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 497: 495: 491: 487: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 461: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 413: 409: 405: 395: 393: 389: 385: 381: 379: 374: 370: 368: 363: 362: 357: 353: 351: 345: 343: 338: 334: 330: 325: 323: 319: 315: 313: 308: 304: 299: 297: 293: 289: 286: 283: 279: 270: 266: 262: 259: 255: 252: 249: 245: 240: 237: 235: 234:Eastern Front 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 216: 215: 212: 208: 205: 201: 197: 194: 190: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 168: 164: 160: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 140: 129: 123: 120: 109: 105: 99: 95: 92: 82: 78: 75: 74:German Empire 71: 59: 55: 51: 47: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 7647:from Commons 7642: 7622:Hermann Graf 7621: 7362:Werner Lucas 7352:Viktor Bauer 7258:Hans Dammers 7204:Walter Oesau 7027:Walther Dahl 6866:Franz Schall 6618:Kurt Brändle 6529:Anton Hafner 6501:Hans Philipp 6463:Hermann Graf 6462: 6449:Heinrich Bär 6425:Wilhelm Batz 6376:Günther Rall 6280: 6200:Walter Model 6134:Erwin Rommel 6118:Hermann Graf 6117: 6008:Bantam Books 6003: 5967: 5941: 5915: 5892: 5869: 5846: 5823: 5800: 5781: 5777: 5758: 5754: 5738: 5722: 5703: 5682: 5657: 5639:Requirements 5637: 5632: 5607: 5603: 5583: 5578: 5559: 5555: 5536: 5532: 5513: 5509: 5490: 5486: 5467: 5448: 5431: 5427: 5405: 5382: 5363: 5359: 5337: 5315: 5293: 5271: 5249: 5227: 5223: 5206: 5202: 5194:Bibliography 5180: 5168: 5156: 5144: 5132: 5105: 5061: 5049: 5037: 5025: 5013: 5001: 4989: 4977: 4965: 4953: 4941: 4929: 4898: 4886: 4857: 4797: 4785: 4778:Zabecki 2014 4773: 4736: 4724: 4712: 4610: 4604: 4528: 4516: 4504: 4475: 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Retrieved 2689: 2550: 2521: 2497: 2488: 2479: 2470: 2461: 2452: 2443: 2434: 2421: 2410:Gustav Rödel 2393: 2388: 2378: 2373:50 (JGr 50). 2370: 2366: 2361: 2340: 2332: 2327: 2319: 2314: 2305: 2276: 2266: 2257: 2244: 2231: 2214: 2186: 2183: 2152: 2149: 2133:Walter Oesau 2118: 2115: 2110:Hans Philipp 2088: 2085: 2063: 2061: 2040: 2010: 1997: 1985: 1972: 1961:Oberleutnant 1959: 1956:1 June 1942: 1946: 1930: 1910: 1906: 1902:Oberleutnant 1900: 1893: 1887: 1883: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1859: 1849: 1838:German Cross 1758: 1748: 1724: 1700: 1689: 1683: 1674: 1666:East Germany 1656: 1652: 1636: 1607:Moldau River 1593: 1582:Deutsch Brod 1579: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1531: 1526: 1518: 1514: 1507: 1501: 1499: 1481:Herausschuss 1480: 1456: 1448: 1442: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1421: 1401: 1396: 1389: 1380: 1376: 1368: 1358: 1351: 1348:Hans Philipp 1341: 1339: 1314: 1307: 1292: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1263: 1256: 1246: 1243:Fritz Walter 1213: 1207: 1193: 1187: 1178: 1172: 1165: 1159: 1130: 1124: 1119: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1102:(Captain). 1099: 1094: 1083: 1075: 1064: 1057: 1036: 1032: 1008: 997: 993:Adolf Hitler 977: 969: 963: 953: 946: 920: 913: 907: 905: 895: 863: 861: 856: 852: 820: 811: 803: 801: 781: 773:Fritz Walter 749: 745: 724: 699: 695: 689: 679: 673: 668: 642: 640: 625: 618:1936 Olympic 608: 604: 598: 588: 582: 574:World War II 553: 546: 536: 529: 498: 486:Adolf Hitler 482: 458: 456: 433: 401: 377: 372: 366: 359: 349: 346: 333:Soviet Union 326: 311: 307:glider pilot 300: 285:World War II 278:Hermann Graf 277: 276: 214:World War II 210:Battles/wars 156: 119:Nazi Germany 91:West Germany 85:(1988-11-04) 50:Fritz Wendel 48:(right) and 32:Hermann Graf 25: 7668:1988 deaths 7663:1912 births 7322:Emil Bitsch 7278:Helmut Lent 7144:Robert Weiß 6803:Kurt Tanzer 6574:Anton Hackl 6390:Otto Kittel 6321:flying aces 6190:Helmut Lent 5624:B003RKGYLY 4879:Thomas 1997 4821:Berger 1999 4741:Knappe 1992 4468:Shores 1978 4377:Shores 1978 3695:Shores 1978 3539:Shores 1978 3405:Shores 1978 3127:Shores 1978 2692:(in German) 2352:, flying a 2350:Mario Pezzi 2166:Anton Hackl 2144:Anton Mader 2007:8 May 1945: 1943:1 May 1940: 1775:Wound Badge 1648:Krasnogorsk 1554:Geschwadern 1527:Roten Jäger 1515:Roten Jäger 1393:Anton Mader 1288:Roten Jäger 1235:Alfons Moog 1050:Kuban River 989:Wolf's Lair 959:Sea of Azov 933:was laying 821:Jagdgruppen 786:to support 713: [ 634:during the 560:Bad Aibling 460:Volksschule 417:World War I 288:fighter ace 7657:Categories 7446:Egon Mayer 7302:Kurt Ubben 7194:Jakob Norz 7164:Erich Leie 7047:Franz Dörr 6836:Karl Gratz 6793:Albin Wolf 6256:Karl Mauss 5424:Hahn, Assi 4521:Spick 2006 4509:Bartz 1955 3913:www.ww2.dk 3578:Prien 1993 3464:Spick 2006 3115:Spick 2006 2740:Spick 2006 2526:Spick 1996 2509:References 2371:JagdGruppe 2015:(Colonel) 1807:Iron Cross 1697:Later life 1644:Gryazovets 1588:. General 1519:Geschwader 1485:combat box 1321:Peenemünde 1258:Ersatzheer 1190:Jola Jobst 1072:Stalingrad 985:Rastenburg 915:rasputitsa 595:Phoney War 568:Avia B-534 509:aerobatics 436:goalkeeper 425:Iron Cross 398:Early life 261:Jola Jobst 219:Phoney War 107:Allegiance 63:1912-10-24 7614:Biography 7332:Hans Hahn 6668:Emil Lang 6598:Max Stotz 5616:819747376 5358:(2000) . 5185:Weal 2004 5173:Weal 2004 5149:Weal 2011 5137:Weal 2006 5066:Weal 2004 4790:Weal 2001 4729:Hahn 1951 4648:Weal 2004 4597:Weal 2001 4582:Weal 2004 4456:Weal 2004 4444:Weal 2006 4420:Weal 2011 4365:Weal 2006 4350:Weal 1996 4335:Weal 2011 4318:Weal 1996 4303:Weal 2011 4267:Weal 1996 4255:Weal 2011 4243:Weal 2006 4195:Weal 1999 4067:Weal 2006 4018:Weal 2006 4001:Weal 1999 3966:Weal 1996 3918:13 August 3747:Weal 2004 3668:Weal 2004 3590:Weal 2004 3554:Weal 2004 3515:Weal 2004 3390:Weal 2004 3330:Weal 2004 3220:Weal 2004 3186:Weal 2004 3156:Weal 2001 3103:Weal 2001 3088:Weal 2004 3030:Weal 2004 3006:Weal 2004 2948:Weal 2001 2936:Weal 2004 2921:Weal 2001 2904:Weal 2004 2887:Weal 2004 2866:Weal 2004 2854:Weal 2004 2514:Citations 2168:(interim) 1974:Hauptmann 1932:Feldwebel 1777:in Silver 1640:Hans Hahn 1559:Kommodore 1475:, of the 1438:Wilde Sau 1381:Kommodore 1100:Hauptmann 1095:Wehrmacht 1076:Hauptmann 1054:Black Sea 1037:Fall Blau 1029:, Germany 1010:Wehrmacht 931:11th Army 882:into the 831:south of 752:12th Army 733:Ernst Süß 721:Bucharest 692:Antonescu 590:Feldwebel 579:1939–1940 533:Neubiberg 521:Dornstadt 505:Karlsruhe 494:Luftwaffe 469:locksmith 421:artillery 282:Luftwaffe 263:(1944–49) 257:Spouse(s) 161:(Colonel) 139:Luftwaffe 7602:Aviation 6002:(1968). 5972:ABC-Clio 5585:Archives 5426:(1951). 5270:(2008). 5248:(2007). 2224:aircraft 2123:"Oesau" 2081:new unit 2022:Commands 1948:Leutnant 1937:Reserves 1884:Leutnant 1867:Leutnant 1858:with 9./ 1856:Reserves 1851:Leutnant 1709:") from 1461:Big Week 1268:(USAAF) 1141:Bordeaux 1086:Pitomnik 1046:Caucasus 978:Leutnant 954:Gruppe’s 947:Leutnant 943:Red Army 925:, where 896:Gruppe’s 888:Taganrog 777:hattrick 768:Ploiești 762:and its 671:of III./ 644:Leutnant 543:sergeant 388:Red Army 271:Salesman 192:Commands 125:Service/ 7588:Portals 6775:100–149 6552:150–199 6417:200–249 6368:250–299 5634:Angaben 5215:8573343 4173:25 July 4118:30 June 2696:30 June 2333:Viermot 2131:Oberst 2108:Obstlt 1854:of the 1809:(1939) 1703:welding 1660:) near 1621:(POW). 1603:Bohemia 1325:Rechlin 1056:ports. 1007:in the 872:Poltava 868:Dnieper 853:Staffel 829:Ukraine 827:in the 630:of the 548:Staffel 446:in the 444:forward 318:Romania 292:Eastern 148:1936–45 89:Engen, 7569: 6016:160484 6014: 5978: 5952: 5926: 5903: 5880: 5857: 5834: 5811: 5788: 5765: 5745: 5729: 5710: 5691: 5668: 5645: 5622: 5614: 5591: 5566: 5543: 5520: 5497: 5474: 5455: 5440:686542 5438: 5412: 5393: 5370: 5344: 5322: 5300: 5278: 5256: 5234: 5213: 2394:7 Tage 2383:force. 2367:Gruppe 2164:Major 2142:Major 2012:Oberst 1909:of 9./ 1892:of 9./ 1875:of 9./ 1769:Awards 1690:et al. 1523:Kraków 1469:Berlin 1444:Oberst 1422:Taifun 1412:Arnhem 1283:Gruppe 1275:Kassel 1042:Rostov 970:Gruppe 923:Crimea 884:Crimea 874:, the 864:Gruppe 804:Gruppe 784:Greece 756:Danube 680:Gruppe 616:, the 585:Speyer 419:as an 247:Awards 158:Oberst 136: 127:branch 116: 97:Buried 7644:Media 7542:(100) 7532:(100) 7522:(101) 7512:(101) 7502:(101) 7492:(101) 7482:(102) 7470:(102) 7459:(102) 7449:(102) 7439:(102) 7429:(102) 7419:(103) 7409:(104) 7385:(104) 7375:(105) 7365:(106) 7355:(106) 7345:(108) 7335:(108) 7325:(108) 7315:(110) 7305:(111) 7281:(113) 7271:(113) 7261:(113) 7237:(114) 7227:(116) 7217:(117) 7207:(117) 7197:(117) 7187:(117) 7177:(117) 7167:(118) 7157:(120) 7147:(121) 7137:(121) 7127:(121) 7117:(122) 7093:(124) 7083:(125) 7073:(126) 7061:(126) 7050:(128) 7040:(129) 7030:(129) 7020:(130) 7010:(130) 7000:(131) 6990:(132) 6980:(132) 6970:(132) 6960:(133) 6936:(134) 6912:(136) 6902:(136) 6890:(136) 6879:(137) 6869:(137) 6859:(138) 6849:(138) 6839:(138) 6827:(140) 6816:(140) 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