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attributed to ancestral or nature spirits, however. Many people believe that magical powers inhere in things and that these powers, though usually neutral, may be used malevolently to afflict others or to prevent others to deal with affliction, particularly illness and death. It is further thought that individuals, sometimes unconsciously and without the use of material or technical means, can bring illness or other affliction to human beings. Such persons, usually called witches, are thought to be marked by the presence of a substance in the stomach or other organ. The terms witch and sorcerer have been applied to those who use their power malevolently, and the distinction between the two is based in part on whether the power is inherited (witch) or acquired in exchange for something of value (sorcerer) - whether the power is mystical or technical and whether the power is used on one's (the witch's) own behalf or on behalf of others, at a price. In fact, this distinction is made only in some societies and may be linked to certain features of community social structures and associated with patterns of accusation - whether kin by blood or marriage or non-kin are held to be responsible.
544:
Protestantism offered locally. The conversion of isolated individuals was rare. Those individuals who did not become
Christians remained to a greater or lesser extent adherents of the indigenous system; unless they migrated to one of the larger towns, persons of a specific locality did not have the option of another kind of Christianity. Those members of a community who had not yet become Christians were tied by kinship and propinquity to those individuals who had. On the one hand, indigenous patterns of social relations affected church organization; on the other hand, the presence of Christians in the community affected the local culture to varying degrees. Christians who could quote Scripture in the local tongue contributed phrases to it that others picked up, and the attributes of the Christian God as interpreted by the specific denomination sometimes became attached to the high god of the indigenous religious system and typically made that deity more prominent than previously.
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Portuguese missionary organization. Foreign Roman
Catholic missionaries were required to renounce the laws of their own country, submit to Portuguese law, and furnish proof of their ability to speak and write the Portuguese language correctly. Missionary activity was placed under the authority of Portuguese priests. All of this was consistent with the Colonial Act of 1930, which advanced the view that Portuguese Catholic missions overseas were "instruments of civilization and national influence". In 1940 the education of Africans was declared the exclusive responsibility of missionary personnel. All church activities, education included, were to be subsidized by the state. In reality, Protestant missions were permitted to engage in educational activity, but without subsidy and on condition that Portuguese be the language of instruction.
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densely populated but also because
Portuguese penetration into the far interior was comparatively recent and Roman Catholic missionaries tended to follow the flag. The most heavily Roman Catholic area before independence was Cabinda Province, where most of the people were Bakongo. Bakongo in Angola proper were not quite so heavily Roman Catholic, and Protestantism was very influential there. There was a substantial proportion of Roman Catholics among the Mbundu in Luanda and Cuanza Norte provinces. Less heavily Catholic were the Ovimbundu-populated provinces of Benguela and Huambo, although the city of Huambo had been estimated to be two-thirds Catholic. In the southern and eastern districts, the proportion of Roman Catholics dropped considerably.
370:
536:
Portuguese policy and practice. Before the establishment of the New State (Estado Novo) in
Portugal in 1926, the authorities kept an eye on the Protestant missions but were not particularly hostile to them. Settlers and local administrators often were hostile, however, because Protestant missionaries tended to be protective of what they considered their charges. In those early years and later, Protestant missionaries were not only evangelists but also teachers, healers, and counselors - all perhaps in a paternal fashion but in ways that involved contact with Africans in a more sustained fashion than was characteristic of Roman Catholic missionaries and local administrators.
1714:
441:
certain specific controls over religious organizations, and was prepared to act quickly when it felt that it was challenged by the acts of a specific group. Thus, in early 1978 the MPLA Political Bureau ordered the registration of "legitimate" churches and religious organizations at the "National
Institute for Religious Matters", created in the framework of the Ministry of Culture. Although foreign priests and missionaries were permitted to stay in the country, and although religious groups or churches could receive goods from abroad, further construction of new churches without a permit was forbidden.
481:
the end of 1986, and they attacked a prison in Luanda in 1987 in an attempt to free fellow believers who had been arrested in the 1986 riots. As a result, the government banned the sect, claiming that its members had used religion to attack the state and had therefore lost their legitimacy. Subsequently, however, as part of the general relaxation of its policy on religion, the government softened its position on the sect and in March 1988 declared it a legal religion. The issue had in the meantime become less relevant, because religious communities - mostly
Pentecostal (such as the
669:
ritual has been performed to placate the spirits or invoke their help. If things go badly, the correct ritual has not been performed, or a spirit has been otherwise provoked, or malevolent individuals have succeeded in breaching whatever protective (magical) measures have been taken against them. This outlook often persisted in Angola among individuals who had been influenced by
Christianity or secular education. With some changes in particulars, it seemed to pervade urban areas, where a kimbanda rarely lacked clients.
603:
percentage. The sole
Protestant group active among the Mbundu was the Methodist Mission, largely sponsored by the Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States. Portuguese data for 1960 indicated that only 8 percent of the Mbundu considered themselves Protestants, but Protestant missions had considerable success among the Dembos. As many as 35 percent of the Bakongo were considered Protestants by the official religious census of 1960, with Baptists being the most numerous.
513:
114:
493:- maintains a certain monitoring of the religious communities, through the Instituto Nacional das Religiões. This institute, at present headed by a former Catholic priest, holds a register of all religious communities - well over 1000 in 2011 - pronounces selectively an official recognitions which imply a certain measure of recognition and support, and maintains a permanent dialogue with the more important communities.
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symptoms; others enjoy broad repute and may include more than one village, or even more than one province, in their rounds. The greater the reputation of the kimbanda, the more he or she charges for services. This widespread term for diviner/healer has entered into local
Portuguese, and so central is the role of the kimbanda to the complex of beliefs and practices characterizing most
424:, 1977–1991, meant that its attitude toward religion, at least officially, corresponded during that period to that of the traditional Soviet Marxist–Leninist dogma, which generally characterized religion as antiquated and irrelevant to the construction of a new society. The government also viewed religion as an instrument of colonialism because of the
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be accused of sorcery) and whose sensitivity to patterns of stress and strain in the community help him or her arrive at a diagnosis. A diviner - widely called a kimbanda - may also have extensive knowledge of herbal medicine, and at least part of the work of the kimbanda is devoted to the application of that knowledge.
797:, the Hindu population in Angola is less than 0.1% of the total population, but not negligible. According to the Indian embassy in Angola, Angola's the number of people with Indian origin is fewer in Angola relative to other South African countries, and mainly comprises businessmen, professionals, and skilled workers.
428:'s close association with the Portuguese. Furthermore, because membership in the party was the road to influence, party leaders and many of the cadres were likely to have no formal religious commitment, or at any rate to deny having one (even though most of Angola's leaders in the 1980s were educated at Catholic,
468:
tolerant of religious groups in general. One exception was the “Igreja de Nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo no Mundo” (Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ in the World), an independent
Christian sect founded in 1949 by Simão Toko (also spelled Simão Toco). Toko, a Protestant from Uíge Province, fashioned the sect after the
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Individual difficulties are attributed to witchcraft, sorcery, or the acts of ancestral or nature spirits. The determination is usually made by a diviner, a specialist whose personal power and use of material objects are held to be generally benevolent (although there are cases in which a diviner may
648:
In theory, nature spirits are not generally considered to have led a human existence, but there are exceptions. Occasionally, the spirits of local rulers or others are detached from specific descent groups or are considered to have the characteristics of other nature spirits in that they are resident
640:
The active entities in indigenous religious systems are ancestral and nature spirits. Ancestral spirits are considered relevant to the welfare of a descent group or its members, and nature spirits are considered relevant to the welfare of a community in a given location. However, specific individuals
547:
The involvement of the Protestant churches in the languages of their mission areas, their medical and other welfare activity, and their ability to adapt to local structures or (in the case of the Methodists among the Mbundu) to be fortuitously consistent with them gave Protestants much more influence
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Although Roman Catholic missions were largely staffed by non-Portuguese during the colonial era, the relevant statutes and accords provided that foreign missionaries could be admitted only with the approval of the Portuguese government and the Vatican and on condition that they be integrated with the
606:
In addition to the Protestant churches directly generated by the missions and continuing in a more or less orthodox pattern, there were other groups, which stemmed at least in part from the Protestant experience but expressed a peculiarly local tendency and which were dominated entirely by Africans.
602:
In the late 1980s, statistics on Christian preferences among ethnic groups were unavailable, but proportions calculated from the 1960 census probably had not changed significantly. According to the 1960 census, about 21 percent of the Ovimbundu were Protestants, but later estimates suggest a smaller
527:
Religious affiliation in Angola was difficult to define because many who claimed membership in a specific Christian denomination also shared perceptions of the natural and supernatural order characteristic of indigenous religious systems. Sometimes the Christian sphere of the life of a community was
644:
Ancestral spirits, especially those of recently deceased kin, must be honored with appropriate rituals if they are expected to look favorably on the enterprises of their descendants. Only some of these rituals are performed by the descent group as a whole. More frequently, they are performed by and
632:
There were as many indigenous religious systems in Angola as there were ethnic groups or even sections of ethnic groups. Two or more ethnic groups might share specific elements of belief, ritual, and organizational principle, but the configuration of these elements would be different for each group
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The spirits of the ancestors of a kin group are looked to for assistance in economic and social matters, and some misfortunes - famine, poor crops, personal losses - are ascribed to failure to have performed the appropriate rituals or to having misbehaved in some other way. Not all misfortunes are
551:
Estimates of the number of Roman Catholics in Angola varied. One source claimed that about 55 percent of the population in 1985 was Roman Catholic; another put the proportion in 1987 at 68 percent. Most Roman Catholics lived in western Angola, not only because that part of the country was the most
488:
The situation changed substantially when the MPLA abandoned Marxism-Leninism in 1991 and adopted a constitution that provided for multiparty democracy (albeit in a highly presidentialist version). Restrictions on the liberty of religion were all but abolished, as was the obligation to abide by the
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in the 1920s). The government had been especially suspicious of the Tokoists because of their strong support in Benguela Province, most of whose residents were Ovimbundu, the principal supporters of UNITA. Tokoists also were involved in riots in the Catete region of Bengo Province and in Luanda at
459:
and its silencing of the church's radio station in 1976. In response to charges of government meddling in religious affairs, President Neto issued a decree in January 1978 stating that there was complete separation between church and religious institutions. In addition, Jornal de Angola printed an
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In general, the belief in spirits (ancestral or natural), witches, and sorcerers is associated with a worldview that leaves no room for the accidental. Whether events are favorable or adverse, responsibility for them can in principle be attributed to a causal agent. If things go well, the correct
660:
The kimbanda is said to have inherited or acquired the ability to communicate with spirits. In many cases, the acquisition of such power follows illness and possession by a specific spirit. The proficiency and degree of specialization of diviners varies widely. Some will deal only with particular
539:
Protestant missionaries worked at learning the local languages, in part to communicate better with those in their mission field, but above all in order to translate the Old Testament and the New Testament into African tongues. Protestant missionaries were much more likely than administrators and
440:
mission schools). Nonetheless, the government acknowledged the prevalence of religion in Angolan societies and officially recognized the equality of all religions, tolerating religious practices as long as the churches restricted themselves to spiritual matters. The state, however, did institute
535:
The important Protestant missions in place in the 1960s (or their predecessors) had arrived in Angola in the late nineteenth century and therefore had been at work before the Portuguese managed to establish control over the entire territory. Their early years, therefore, were little affected by
636:
Most traditional African religions claim the existence of a high god, but this deity's attributes vary. For example, some groups emphasize the high god's role as a creator, while others do not. Specific events in the human world are not usually explained by reference to this god, nor is a cult
467:
In the late 1980s, there was a slight change in the government's policy toward religion. The president and others in the government and party elites, recognizing that political opposition had not coalesced around religious leaders, became less fearful of religious opposition and therefore more
548:
than their numbers would suggest. For example, the leaders of the three major nationalist movements in the 1970s - the MPLA, UNITA, and the FNLA - had been raised as Protestants, and many others in these movements were also Protestants, even if their commitment may have diminished over time.
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Because specific Protestant denominations were associated with particular ethnic communities, the structure of religious organization was linked to the structure of these communities. This connection was brought about in part by the tendency of entire communities to turn to the variety of
683:
Islam in Angola is a minority religion with 80,000-90,000 adherents, composed largely of migrants from West Africa and families of Lebanese origin. The Association of the Development of Islam in Angola is the primary proselytizing organization. Muslim Angolans are represented by the
463:
The outcome of the conflict had repercussions for Protestant churches as well as for the Roman Catholic Church. In essence, the government made it clear that religious institutions were to adhere to government and party rulings regarding non-religious issues.
555:
The proportion of Protestants in the Angolan population was estimated at 10 percent to 20 percent in the late 1980s. The majority of them presumably were Africans, although some mestiços may have been affiliated with one or another Protestant church.
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692:. The constitution of Angola prescribes freedom of belief, however, there have been press accounts the Muslim community is especially targeted by the Angolan government. Muslims are currently denied
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settlers to know a local language. Roman Catholic missionaries did not similarly emphasize the translation of the Bible and, with some exceptions, did not make a point of learning a Bantu language.
685:
1439:"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963"
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institutionally separate from the indigenous sphere. In other cases, the local meaning and practice of Christianity were modified by indigenous patterns of belief and practice.
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452:. Their most specific complaint was that the establishment of a single system of education ignored the rights of parents. They also objected to the government's systematic
1909:
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The number of Angolans identifying with such African churches is not known, but it is reasonable to assume that many Angolans were attached to them.
1971:
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A conflict developed in the late 1970s between the government and the Roman Catholic Church. In December 1977, the bishops of Angola's three
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The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respected this right in practice. There were no reports of
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that some sources, such as the Jornal de Angola, have applied the term kimbandism to indigenous systems when cataloging Angolan religions.
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may be directly affected by one of the nature spirits resident in rocks or trees or in natural forces such as wind or lightning.
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Levi Itshak and Dvora Léa Chekly. Although Jews in the country were previously serviced by visiting Rabbinical students, the
735:
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485:) - had mushroomed throughout the country, mostly in Luanda and other important towns, often under Brazilian influence.
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448:, meeting in Lubango, drafted a pastoral letter subsequently read to all churches that claimed frequent violations of
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1986:
1879:
1827:
1681:
806:
751:
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592:
134:
70:
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Hinduism is practiced by some members of the Asian community, most of whom are foreigners. According to the
2840:
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directives issued by the MPLA. However, the government - still dominated by the MPLA, especially after the
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attack on the bishops, accusing them of questioning the integrity of the Angolan revolutionary process.
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1737:
1637:
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2141:
2131:
1936:
1674:
816:
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1966:
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and smaller groups of Baháʼís in other cities. In 1992 the Baháʼís of Angola elected their first
596:
206:
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was started in the 1980s and developed rapidly; it is present in 9 of the 18 Angolan Provinces.
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2016:
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1981:
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890:, Luanda: Ministério da Cultura/Instituto Nacional para os Assuntos Religiosos, 2008
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Warner, Rachel (1989). "Indigenous religious systems". In Collelo, Thomas (ed.).
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represents the first known official Jewish house of worship to open in Angola.
517:
437:
318:
412:
The attitude of the Angolan regime toward religion has been inconsistent. The
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1002:
477:
401:
234:
50:
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992:
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wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. The first
383:
1889:
469:
445:
391:
822:
In 2022, Freedom House rated Angola’s religious freedom as 2 out of 4.
456:
1666:
1258:
1112:
974:
512:
433:
60:
1757:
973:
Warner, Rachel (1989). "Religious life". In Collelo, Thomas (ed.).
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1802:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Warner, Rachel (1989). "Christianity". In Collelo, Thomas (ed.).
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
453:
429:
417:
113:
2327:
1565:"The Association of Religion Data Archives | National Profiles"
774:
767:
763:
727:
689:
559:
The government recognized eleven Protestant denominations: the
521:
397:
377:
1663:, Luanda: Instituto de Investigação Científica de Angola, 1975
1589:"Angola - Visiting Angola - Embassy Of India, Luanda, Angola"
778:
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or section. Nevertheless, certain patterns were widespread.
756:
413:
1451:
888:
Panorama das Religiões em Angola Independente (1975-2008)
759:
have had a connection with Angola for hundreds of years.
722:
arrived in Angola about 1952. By 1963 there was a Baháʼí
901:"2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Angola"
645:
on behalf of a segment of the group or an individual.
1352:"Angola accused of 'banning' Islam as mosques closed"
404:
and its constitution guarantees freedom of religion.
1709:
1461:
Ridvan Messages from the Universal House of Justice
579:, the Evangelical Church of South-West Angola, the
2897:
1364:
627:
618:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1482:"QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010)"
1378:: US Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 47–59.
472:movement (not to be confused with traditional
2312:
1682:
350:
573:Evangelical Congregational Church of Angola
2319:
2305:
1689:
1675:
1412:: US Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 27.
893:
407:
357:
343:
581:Our Lord Jesus Christ Church in the World
1474:
742:) estimated some 2,100 Baháʼís in 2010.
696:the permit to pray in or build mosques.
511:
368:
1532:
1405:Messages to the Baháʼí World, 1950-1957
1398:
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819:based on religious belief or practice.
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483:Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
2300:
1670:
1642:Association of Religion Data Archives
1487:Association of Religion Data Archives
1445:
1426:
1358:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
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1028:
1026:
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952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
866:Association of Religion Data Archives
795:Association of Religion Data Archives
736:Association of Religion Data Archives
585:Reformed Evangelical Church in Angola
1720:Traditional African religions portal
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
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924:
922:
762:In 2014 at the request of the local
2326:
1623:Freedom House, Retrieved 2023-04-25
1392:
1185:
476:practices, which had arisen in the
33:Religion in Angola (2020 estimate)
24:
1023:
686:Supreme Council of Angolan Muslims
25:
2917:
1631:
919:
620:has more than 1,000 members in 5
394:being its largest denomination.
374:Cathedral of Our Lady of Remedies
2251:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1972:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1712:
1280:
1134:
996:
112:
1653:
1616:
1605:
1581:
1557:
1526:
1501:
1344:
699:
501:
491:parliamentary elections of 2008
1307:
1169:"Facts and Statistics: Angola"
1161:
880:
854:
649:in features of the landscape.
13:
1:
1880:Traditional African religions
1536:Culture and Customs of Angola
1339:Culture And Customs of Angola
1175:, LDS Church, January 1, 2012
847:
807:Freedom of religion in Angola
752:History of the Jews in Angola
612:Presbyterian Church of Angola
593:Union of Evangelical Churches
740:World Christian Encyclopedia
628:Indigenous religious systems
589:Seventh-day Adventist Church
577:Evangelical Church of Angola
7:
2032:Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
1753:Traditional Berber religion
1661:Etnias e culturas de Angola
1437:Residing in the Holy Land.
842:Roman Catholicism in Angola
825:
788:
766:community, a center of the
732:National Spiritual Assembly
27:Religious beliefs in Angola
10:
2922:
2288:African diaspora religions
1640:national profile from the
1541:Greenwood Publishing Group
1509:"Chabad to Open in Angola"
1453:Universal House of Justice
1371:Tablets of the Divine Plan
1299:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1153:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1015:: CS1 maint: postscript (
804:
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569:Baptist Evangelical Church
505:
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2596:
2497:
2488:
2424:
2415:
2338:
2284:
2189:
1908:
1738:Ancient Egyptian religion
1704:
1612:US State Dept 2021 report
1533:Oyebade, Adebayo (2007).
1265:Federal Research Division
1119:Federal Research Division
981:Federal Research Division
496:
1957:Central African Republic
1319:U.S. Department of State
724:Local Spiritual Assembly
672:
1463:. Baháʼí Library Online
1260:Angola: a country study
1114:Angola: a country study
976:Angola: a country study
837:Protestantism in Angola
738:(relying mostly on the
714:in Angola begins after
597:United Methodist Church
408:Religion and government
1374:(Paperback ed.).
832:Christianity in Angola
706:Baháʼí Faith in Angola
524:
508:Christianity in Angola
380:
2117:São Tomé and Príncipe
2107:Republic of the Congo
1647:National News (Kenya)
1457:"Ridván Letter, 1992"
515:
426:Roman Catholic Church
372:
2459:World Heritage Sites
1593:www.indembangola.org
1341:, 2006. Pages 45-46.
1337:Oyebade, Adebayo O.
1263:. Washington, D.C.:
1117:. Washington, D.C.:
979:. Washington, D.C.:
663:indigenous religions
299:World Heritage Sites
2719:Internet censorship
2377:War of Independence
2348:Precolonial history
1873:Serer creation myth
1269:Library of Congress
1123:Library of Congress
985:Library of Congress
905:US State Department
886:See Fátima Viegas,
801:Freedom of religion
595:of Angola, and the
583:(Kimbanguist), the
386:is the predominant
164:War of Independence
135:Precolonial history
2906:Religion in Angola
2370:Colonial governors
1858:Malagasy mythology
1768:Bushongo mythology
1698:Religion in Africa
1441:. pp. 25, 56.
1435:Hands of the Cause
1410:Wilmette, Illinois
1376:Wilmette, Illinois
1271:. pp. 97–99.
1125:. pp. 94–97.
987:. pp. 92–94.
565:Baptist Convention
525:
388:religion in Angola
381:
157:Colonial governors
79: Other (1.1%)
71:Traditional faiths
18:Hinduism in Angola
2893:
2892:
2851:
2850:
2729:Lists of Angolans
2714:Human trafficking
2676:
2675:
2592:
2591:
2569:Political parties
2564:National Assembly
2532:Foreign relations
2484:
2483:
2382:People's Republic
2294:
2293:
2200:other territories
1987:Equatorial Guinea
1885:Tumbuka mythology
1848:Lugbara mythology
1833:Khoe/San religion
1778:Dahomean religion
1295:cite encyclopedia
1149:cite encyclopedia
1011:cite encyclopedia
637:addressed to it.
450:religious freedom
416:'s commitment to
367:
366:
169:People's Republic
105:Culture of Angola
85: None (1.0%)
16:(Redirected from
2913:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2687:
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2603:
2602:
2495:
2494:
2429:Cities and towns
2422:
2421:
2360:Colonial history
2321:
2314:
2307:
2298:
2297:
1910:Sovereign states
1853:Maasai mythology
1838:Lotuko mythology
1728:Akamba mythology
1722:
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38:
21:
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2744:Public holidays
2672:
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2554:Law enforcement
2480:
2454:Protected areas
2411:
2365:Portuguese rule
2334:
2325:
2295:
2290:
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2199:
2194:
2185:
1904:
1895:Yoruba religion
1863:Mbuti mythology
1818:Isoko mythology
1748:Bantu mythology
1718:
1711:
1700:
1695:
1656:
1649:, 2013 and 2023
1634:
1629:
1628:
1621:
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1610:
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1582:
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1569:www.thearda.com
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1400:Effendi, Shoghi
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813:societal abuses
809:
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791:
754:
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708:
702:
681:
679:Islam in Angola
675:
630:
591:of Angola, the
571:of Angola, the
567:of Angola, the
561:Assembly of God
510:
504:
499:
410:
376:in the capital
363:
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329:National anthem
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1868:Serer religion
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1843:Lozi mythology
1840:
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1820:
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1793:Efik mythology
1790:
1788:Dogon religion
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1783:Dinka religion
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1758:Bono mythology
1755:
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1659:José Redinha,
1655:
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1651:
1650:
1644:
1633:
1632:External links
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1543:. p. 46.
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817:discrimination
805:Main article:
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790:
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750:Main article:
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744:
720:Baháʼí pioneer
704:Main article:
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677:Main article:
674:
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518:Roman Catholic
506:Main article:
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51:Protestantism
42:
34:
19:
2876:Bibliography
2835:
2777:Architecture
2739:Prostitution
2699:Demographics
2663:Trade unions
2537:Human rights
2512:Constitution
2262:
2249:
2236:
2191:Dependencies
2142:South Africa
2132:Sierra Leone
1937:Burkina Faso
1921:
1773:Christianity
1743:Baháʼí Faith
1660:
1654:Bibliography
1618:
1607:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:
1583:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:
1559:
1535:
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:
1503:
1492:. Retrieved
1485:
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1460:
1447:
1433:Compiled by
1428:
1404:
1394:
1370:
1366:`Abdu'l-Bahá
1360:
1346:
1338:
1333:
1322:. Retrieved
1318:
1309:
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1177:, retrieved
1172:
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1113:
975:
911:24 September
909:. Retrieved
895:
887:
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870:. Retrieved
856:
821:
810:
792:
783:Chabad house
773:, opened in
761:
755:
716:`Abdu'l-Bahá
712:Baháʼí Faith
709:
700:Baháʼí Faith
693:
682:
667:
659:
655:
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631:
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558:
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530:
526:
502:Christianity
487:
466:
462:
446:archdioceses
443:
411:
396:
387:
384:Christianity
382:
324:Coat of arms
227:
59: Other
32:
2610:Agriculture
2542:LGBT rights
2502:Ambassadors
2353:Archaeology
2147:South Sudan
1890:Waaqeffanna
624:in Angola.
599:of Angola.
470:Kimbanguist
392:Catholicism
140:Archaeology
41:Catholicism
2841:Cathedrals
2819:Television
2814:Newspapers
2804:Literature
2647:(currency)
2517:Corruption
2439:Ecoregions
2286:See also:
2277:(Tanzania)
2264:Somaliland
2257:St. Helena
2221:(Portugal)
2196:autonomies
2127:Seychelles
2087:Mozambique
2072:Mauritania
2057:Madagascar
2012:The Gambia
1952:Cape Verde
1808:Irreligion
1598:2017-09-27
1574:2017-09-27
1518:4 December
1494:2020-10-20
1467:2008-05-04
1324:2017-07-21
1179:2013-03-11
848:References
520:church in
457:propaganda
267:Television
242:Literature
2754:Squatting
2724:Languages
2704:Education
2668:Transport
2630:Companies
2574:President
2549:Judiciary
2522:Elections
2466:Provinces
2417:Geography
2407:Conflicts
2387:Civil War
2077:Mauritius
1705:Religions
1513:Lubavitch
454:atheistic
434:Methodist
292:Monuments
214:Languages
194:Conflicts
174:Civil War
61:Christian
2900:Category
2885:Category
2836:Religion
2799:Football
2734:Polygamy
2615:Airports
2559:Military
2490:Politics
2476:Wildlife
2434:Communes
2332:articles
2275:Zanzibar
2246:(France)
2238:Puntland
2227:(France)
2182:Zimbabwe
2157:Tanzania
2002:Ethiopia
1997:Eswatini
1977:Djibouti
1947:Cameroon
1932:Botswana
1798:Hinduism
1763:Buddhism
1455:(1992).
1402:(1971).
1368:(1991).
1315:"Angola"
1277:44357178
1173:Newsroom
1131:44357178
993:44357178
862:"Angola"
826:See also
789:Hinduism
694:de facto
474:kimbanda
422:Leninism
228:Religion
96:a series
94:Part of
2862:Outline
2826:Museums
2794:Cuisine
2769:Culture
2749:Slavery
2682:Society
2658:Tourism
2645:Kwanza
2640:Fishing
2598:Economy
2507:Cabinet
2444:Islands
2340:History
2244:Réunion
2233:(Spain)
2231:Melilla
2225:Mayotte
2219:Madeira
2215:(Spain)
2209:(Spain)
2167:Tunisia
2137:Somalia
2122:Senegal
2102:Nigeria
2092:Namibia
2082:Morocco
2047:Liberia
2042:Lesotho
1992:Eritrea
1967:Comoros
1942:Burundi
1917:Algeria
1828:Judaism
1823:Jainism
771:Hasidim
746:Judaism
430:Baptist
418:Marxism
390:, with
312:Symbols
221:Cuisine
125:History
63:(13.6%)
53:(23.4%)
43:(56.4%)
2782:Cinema
2653:Mining
2635:Health
2471:Rivers
2330:
2328:Angola
2177:Zambia
2172:Uganda
2112:Rwanda
2062:Malawi
2022:Guinea
1922:Angola
1638:Angola
1547:
1490:. 2010
1416:
1382:
1275:
1129:
991:
907:. 2022
872:18 May
868:. 2015
775:Luanda
768:Chabad
764:Jewish
734:. The
728:Luanda
690:Luanda
587:, the
575:, the
563:, the
522:Luanda
497:Faiths
398:Angola
378:Luanda
272:Cinema
207:People
98:on the
83:
77:
73:(4.4%)
69:
67:
57:
49:
47:
39:
37:
2869:Index
2831:Music
2809:Media
2787:Films
2759:Women
2620:Banks
2402:2020s
2397:2010s
2392:2000s
2213:Ceuta
2198:, and
2152:Sudan
2097:Niger
2052:Libya
2037:Kenya
2017:Ghana
2007:Gabon
1982:Egypt
1927:Benin
1813:Islam
779:Rabbi
673:Islam
400:is a
283:Sport
259:Media
249:Music
189:2020s
184:2010s
179:2000s
2527:Flag
2259:(UK)
2162:Togo
2067:Mali
1962:Chad
1545:ISBN
1520:2014
1414:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1301:link
1273:OCLC
1155:link
1127:OCLC
1017:link
989:OCLC
913:2023
874:2020
757:Jews
710:The
610:The
414:MPLA
319:Flag
815:or
726:in
688:of
436:or
235:Art
2902::
1591:.
1567:.
1539:.
1511:.
1484:.
1459:.
1408:.
1317:.
1297:}}
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1522:.
1497:.
1470:.
1422:.
1388:.
1354:.
1327:.
1303:)
1289:.
1157:)
1143:.
1019:)
1005:.
915:.
876:.
420:-
358:e
351:t
344:v
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
