217:
1454:
1863:
1715:), archaeological evidence has not been found for any shipping or trading in ancient times, including those by Hindus from India, along the coast of modern South Africa. Bruno Werz states that this is likely because the coastal region of Mozambique and Swahili coasts are calmer and offer many natural ports that fall is natural trade winds between India and Africa, in contrast to the more turbulent coast and seas around South Africa. Hromnik states that the likely path was arrival in Mozambique, followed by a land route inland into gold mining areas belonging to
1788:, in part because sugarcane farming and sugar had its origins in India, the labor did not need to be trained, and Indian Hindus were suffering from waves of famines and extreme poverty while British colonial empire was busy force converting India's fertile farms from the production of food to the production of cash crops such as cotton for British mills, tobacco for Europeans, poppy and opium for China. Today, the Kwa-Zulu Natal province of South Africa has the largest Hindu population in Africa (about 12% of Kwa-Zulu Natal province's total population).
5271:. However, given the Hindus in South Africa came from different regions of India and spoke different languages, the temples and social life among Hindus remained diverse and fragmented. As apartheid-type discriminatory laws against colored and black people began to catch the imagination of some European settlers in South Africa, a few regional governments banned Hindus from purchasing land or building new temples in 1902. Additional and more severe restrictions were placed against Hindus in South Africa during the Apartheid era, through 1994.
1828:. Over time, the colonial government recognized three classes of Hindus - the "free" merchant class Hindus who had arrived in South Africa at their own expense, the previously indentured but later free Hindus who typically staffed shops and logistics, and the "non-free" indentured class of Hindus whose residence and movement was controlled because he or she was contracted property. The first two classes of Indian Hindus prospered and became wealthy, and were increasingly seen as economic threats by European merchants by late 1880s.
1792:
their homelands deceptively, from inland regions far from seaports where they were promised jobs but were not told the work they were being hired for, nor that the new job required them to leave their homeland and communities. They were hustled aboard waiting ships, unprepared for the long and arduous four-month sea journey. Abuse, disease and death on these ship, and in plantations of South Africa were common place. The abuse led to a temporary ban on indenture labor hiring in South Africa in early 1870s.
26:
7081:
1766:
1880s South Africa, new laws were passed that required that the newly freed indentured laborer pay a hefty tax, or sign a new indentured labor contract and escape the tax. About 25% of Hindus returned to India, once their first contract was over. But for most indentured Hindu laborers, they had lost all contact with their country of origin, chose to stay and signed a new indentured contract. It is this system that brought large number of Hindus (and
Southeast Asians) into South Africa.
6279:
7161:
1801:
56:
46:
6267:
5204:
224:
1891:
1688:
the same time as
Islamic traders arrived. The third school states that Hindus very likely arrived by 1st millennium BC, or possible before. The third school's uses indirect linguistic, literary and gold mining process technology evidence to support its theory, while there is ample additional archaeological and historical evidence for the first two schools.
1699:, or minister of shipping whose job was to capture and prosecute pirates, manage sea ports and collect custom duties. Wilfred Schoff's work provides evidence of a chain of active trading ports along east and west Indian coasts by 1st century BC. While there is extensive evidence for the presence of Hindu traders and merchants in
1765:
When the indentured labor law was designed, it provided the indentured laborer some rights at the end of the contract; the laborer became free, with the legal right to some land and the right to stay in the new land, or demand the company or plantation owner for pre-paid travel back. However, in late
1687:
There is an ongoing controversy about the first arrival of Hindus in modern South Africa. One school of scholars state that
Indians first arrived in modern South Africa during colonial era as indentured servants for the British Empire. The second school states Indians arrived between 500-900 AD about
5282:
and relocatable parts were saved before the floods and relocated nearby to Second River temple, one that has remained in use for over 100 years. The early temples in South Africa were simple, but followed the traditional Hindu temple design and architectures. Temples built later were larger and more
1847:
against poor Hindus in South Africa that shaped his political and non-violent movement. He, along with other Hindus in
Pretoria, began a series of publications and Hindu organizations to bring Hindu community together, and then non-violently highlight and seek human rights. Not only did they demand
1761:
The new system, also called the 'coolie system', was extensively used to bring Hindus to South Africa and other parts of
British empire. The system enticed extremely poor people in India to sign a contract wherein they would be promised paid travel and a livelihood in exchange for a binding promise
1791:
In the early decades of the migrations, indentured
Indians were treated as inhumanely as the enslaved Africans had been. They were confined to their estates and paid a pitiful salary. Any breach of contract brought automatic criminal penalties and imprisonment. Many of these were brought away from
1808:
After the ban was lifted with
British Colonial Law 19 and 20 of 1874, British officials advertised plantation job opportunities to Hindu families in northern Ganges basin and southern Tamil Nadu, invited men to bring their families, promised salary with homes, and that they and their families can
1749:
by 1833, British mining companies and
European plantation owners throughout the empire were short of cheap or free skilled labour for labor-intensive sugarcane plantations and mining work. The available local labour became difficult to retain for low salary, harsh work, and thus unreliable. The
1674:
The first Hindu temples were in operation in the 1870s. Some South
African local governments banned temple building and property ownership by Hindus in 1910s. Modern South Africa has many Hindu temples, and its Hindu community observes major festivals of Hinduism such as
5465:". Its president, Ram Maharaj, said at least 500,000 signatures were needed by the Netherlands-based foundation to start legal proceedings at the International Court of Human Rights, however Maharaj's stance was rejected by other Hindu organisations in South Africa.
7108:
1809:
continue to practice
Hinduism while they work at the plantations. However, once they arrived, there were many irregularities and the reality after arrival was very different than promises before their departure.
5540:
1275:
5771:
Cyril A. Hromnik, African History and Africanist Orthodoxy: A Response to Hall and Borland's Review Article on 'Indo-Africa', The South African Archaeological Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 137 (Jun., 1983), pp.
5324:
is the most important festival for South African Hindus. It is a major attraction in Durban, where public festivities are held every year along its beachfront. Tamil Hindus of South Africa also observe
5445:. The proportion of Indian South Africans following Hinduism has decreased from 50% in 1996 to 47.27% in 2001. This further decreased to 41.3% in 2016, mainly due to the conversion of Hindus by the
1485:
Nevertheless, the population has been increasing in absolute terms from 551,669 in 2001 to 569,476 in 2011, and 682,302 in 2022, and by this measure, South Africa has the largest concentration of
7113:
5461:
movements into Hindu society is felt especially in the KwaZulu-Natal Indian townships. In 2018, an organisation called the "South African Hindu Dharma Sabha" officially "declared war on such
1723:
to South Africa. Regardless of the era when Hindus first arrived in South Africa, their numbers were small and they were limited to the coastal or urban regions before the colonial era.
1762:
to work for a fixed period of time (four to seven years was common). Any indentured laborer who left before the contract ended was considered a criminal and subject to a prison term.
1270:
6727:
1769:
The first ships carrying indentured Hindu labourers for plantations in British Empire left India in 1836. While some Hindus were recruited legally, many others were kidnapped or "
6884:
6491:
317:
6774:
6770:
1310:
6466:
5636:
Michelangelo van Meerten, in History of Humanity: Scientific and Cultural Development, Editors: Peter Mathias and Nikolaj Tolorov, Volume 6, Originally published by
1100:
292:
6451:
1812:
Between 1874 and 1911, European plantation and factory owners in Natal region of South Africa alone brought in 146,000 people from India in 364 ships. Other Hindu
1003:
277:
6311:
1120:
1105:
6501:
1110:
327:
6753:
6744:
6735:
6416:
1370:
1350:
823:
242:
6961:
928:
5615:
R Huttenback (1976), Racism and Empire: White Settlers and Colored Immigrants in the British Self-Governing Colonies 1830-1910, Cornell University Press,
6731:
1195:
6817:
1866:
The first Hindu Temple in South Africa (above) was a very simple design. It was built in 1869, and is now a Protected Site by South African government.
6029:
6701:
6471:
6000:
Paul Younger (2009), New Homelands: Hindu Communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Fiji and East Africa, Oxford University Press,
5988:
In the plantations as well as the courts of South Africa, Hindus were often called coolie; see Lord Selborne court papers from 1905 in Johannesburg
297:
6966:
6916:
5746:
Cyril A. Hromnik, Dravidian Gold Mining and Trade in Ancient Komatiland, Journal of Asian and African Studies, Volume 26, Issue 3-4, pp. 283ā290
6971:
6911:
6150:
1440:
5343:
bhakti school of Hindus is active in many parts of South Africa, such as in Durban area where South Africa's largest Hindu community lives.
1737:
Large numbers of Hindus (as well as people of other religions) began arriving into South Africa in the 19th century colonial era, mostly as
1225:
5979:
over 80% of Indians who were brought in these ships were Hindus; South Indian Christians and North Indian Muslims made up most of the rest
7138:
6899:
6894:
6304:
6175:
6122:
1667:. Because of their Indian descent, Hindu settlers in South Africa suffered discrimination, abuse and persecution during the colonial and
6976:
6879:
1939:
1804:
Mahatma Gandhi's resolve to apply Hindu principles of non-violence for peaceful transformation of society took shape in South Africa.
6616:
5781:
Wilfred Schoff (1912), The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century,
5679:
Bhana and Brain (1990), Setting down roots: Indian Migrants in South Africa, 1860-1911, Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press
449:
6956:
6456:
6335:
6087:
P.P. Kumar (2012), Hinduism in South Africa, in Elias Kifon Bongmba (Editor) - The Wiley Blackwell Companion to African Religions,
5691:
P.P. Kumar (2012), Hinduism in South Africa, in Elias Kifon Bongmba (Editor) - The Wiley Blackwell Companion to African Religions,
282:
216:
6864:
5513:
1836:
4111:
2702:
6926:
6810:
6393:
6297:
5564:
5797:
Bruno Werz, in Editors: Alexis Catsambis et al. (2011), The Oxford Handbook of Maritime Archaeology, Oxford University Press,
7103:
6889:
6476:
6072:
5967:
5892:
5865:
1773:" into long-term indentured service in various parts of British Empire, ranging from South Africa to Fiji, Australia and the
302:
3990:
788:
7029:
5908:
7128:
7098:
7061:
6931:
913:
6859:
6092:
6046:
6005:
5951:
5935:
5843:
5802:
5786:
5760:
5734:
5712:
5696:
5620:
5234:
1180:
848:
5755:
Cyril Hromnik, Indo-Africa: Towards a New Understanding of the History of Sub-Saharan Africa, Juta, Cape Town (1981),
4867:
1848:
civil rights to transform interracial relations, they also sought social reforms among Hindus living in South Africa.
7200:
7185:
7165:
7133:
7118:
6904:
6803:
5645:
1433:
1215:
7123:
6869:
5665:
7143:
6874:
4020:
2856:
1230:
1155:
6921:
6350:
6340:
1976:
1043:
863:
7012:
6951:
6946:
3449:
1130:
589:
5599:
5291:
In South Africa, there is some blurring between language, and religion among Hindus. It is not uncommon for
7190:
7148:
6991:
6841:
4000:
3940:
1925:
1426:
1300:
1053:
2548:
7195:
7066:
6849:
5170:
5061:
3671:
1143:
973:
968:
728:
7054:
7044:
6783:
6386:
6360:
6345:
6257:
5189:
4860:
4764:
3711:
3385:
3070:
2382:
1831:
Discriminatory laws based on ethnic origin began to be passed in 1890s, and the roots of South African
748:
417:
5921:
Maddison, A. (1970), The historical origins of Indian poverty, PSL Quarterly Review, 23(92), pp. 31-81
5729:
Alexis Catsambis et al. (2011), The Oxford Handbook of Maritime Archaeology, Oxford University Press,
3706:
6531:
6199:
5166:
4812:
3930:
3666:
1959:
1944:
1375:
1338:
1285:
1078:
933:
357:
7080:
2612:
7034:
6826:
6766:
6631:
6436:
5485:
5310:
are more common among Hindus of South Indian origin, with Hindus of North Indian origin worshiping
4722:
4715:
4694:
4403:
4293:
4265:
3995:
2890:
2677:
1453:
783:
738:
693:
464:
262:
2652:
2568:
6936:
6646:
6536:
4937:
4150:
4055:
3980:
3166:
3088:
1981:
1949:
1290:
1220:
1210:
1160:
1033:
661:
656:
534:
479:
362:
6109:
5318:. However, there are many practices that are fluidly shared amongst all Hindus in South Africa.
3128:
6706:
6626:
6591:
6576:
6561:
6516:
5930:
Richard Hunt (1997), To End Poverty - The Starvation of the Periphery by the Core, Oxford, UK,
5446:
5227:
5136:
5066:
4902:
4531:
4300:
3960:
2866:
2543:
1862:
1205:
1190:
1095:
963:
943:
793:
768:
673:
646:
584:
554:
544:
459:
424:
402:
387:
342:
6757:
6062:
6041:
Paul Mikula et al. (1982), Traditional Hindu temples in South Africa, University of Virginia,
7049:
6981:
6581:
6379:
5480:
5442:
5340:
5176:
5154:
5044:
4909:
4482:
4090:
3970:
3378:
3364:
2532:
1857:
1844:
1825:
1732:
1629:
1405:
1345:
1255:
938:
893:
753:
743:
723:
604:
594:
407:
147:
2527:
6941:
6681:
6656:
6506:
6481:
6446:
6431:
5462:
5334:
5292:
5162:
5158:
5150:
5039:
4701:
4279:
4249:
4080:
3985:
3881:
3616:
3510:
1395:
1385:
1365:
1265:
1175:
1165:
1150:
1058:
1018:
1013:
988:
853:
773:
718:
698:
688:
569:
514:
489:
332:
307:
272:
257:
5457:
The Indian Christian number grew from 4% in 1925 to 24.4% in 2011. The penetration of the
8:
6854:
6666:
6636:
6621:
6606:
6596:
6586:
6551:
6546:
6496:
6441:
6283:
5194:
5087:
4923:
4454:
4316:
4060:
3950:
3935:
3841:
3781:
3746:
3231:
3143:
2762:
2421:
2032:
1934:
1905:
1639:
government, from 1860 to 1919, to work in plantations and the mining operations owned by
1416:
1400:
1325:
1248:
1200:
1185:
1048:
1038:
993:
953:
908:
903:
888:
878:
873:
868:
858:
843:
838:
833:
828:
798:
703:
683:
549:
539:
499:
469:
454:
439:
429:
412:
377:
372:
322:
267:
208:
5300:
3332:
2522:
6676:
6671:
6611:
6566:
6526:
6421:
6402:
5474:
5251:
was built in 1869. As the "free" Hindu community prospered, more temples were built in
5116:
5102:
4821:
4346:
4242:
4070:
4050:
4045:
4040:
3646:
3412:
3283:
2895:
2781:
1380:
1355:
1320:
1235:
1125:
1115:
1090:
1085:
1028:
1008:
998:
983:
978:
958:
923:
898:
883:
816:
778:
763:
668:
641:
631:
579:
564:
559:
509:
504:
444:
392:
352:
247:
235:
1843:
in South Africa. It was his experiences of colonial abuse, religious stereotyping and
6996:
6651:
6601:
6556:
6541:
6521:
6511:
6486:
6426:
6355:
6088:
6068:
6042:
6001:
5963:
5947:
5931:
5888:
5882:
5861:
5839:
5798:
5782:
5756:
5730:
5708:
5692:
5661:
5641:
5616:
5490:
5220:
5126:
5095:
5051:
4708:
4659:
4594:
4353:
4339:
4085:
4010:
3831:
3791:
3786:
3776:
3621:
3317:
3251:
2846:
2583:
1874:
1482:, according to the 2022 census. This is down from the 1.4% based on the 1996 census.
1360:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1280:
1063:
1023:
948:
918:
803:
758:
733:
708:
651:
636:
609:
599:
574:
484:
434:
382:
367:
347:
337:
312:
252:
188:
184:
118:
5274:
Tamil Hindus had a well frequented First River (Umbilo Shri Ambalavanaar) temple on
3691:
3103:
2390:
6986:
6661:
6571:
6461:
5256:
5002:
4964:
4944:
4895:
4844:
4743:
4538:
4524:
4475:
4418:
3965:
3626:
3545:
3296:
3216:
2841:
2267:
2121:
2018:
1738:
1390:
1260:
1170:
713:
678:
626:
621:
614:
527:
494:
397:
287:
192:
5962:
Sujata Patel and Tina Uys (2012), Contemporary India and South Africa, Routledge,
4380:
6271:
5208:
5131:
5079:
4888:
4792:
4736:
4673:
4489:
4390:
4286:
4035:
4015:
3886:
3761:
3741:
3661:
3357:
3343:
3241:
3221:
3184:
2776:
2771:
2498:
2377:
2341:
2286:
2281:
2108:
1840:
1785:
196:
180:
176:
6289:
6176:"Behind the God-swapping in the South African Indian community [part 1]"
6123:"Behind the God-swapping in the South African Indian community [part 2]"
5707:
Constance Jones and James Ryan (2007), Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Facts on File,
2905:
2657:
2358:
7022:
6241:
6017:
5458:
5296:
5260:
5121:
4930:
4778:
4429:
4323:
4272:
4075:
3901:
3821:
3771:
3756:
3721:
3676:
3578:
3350:
3211:
3093:
3042:
3027:
3007:
2971:
2900:
2682:
2637:
2588:
2346:
1971:
1746:
1633:
172:
159:
101:
25:
2728:
2508:
2439:
1954:
7179:
6151:"Why religious conversion didn't always help South Africa's Indian community"
5946:
H Tinker (1976), Separate and Unequal, University of British Columbia Press,
4785:
4750:
4687:
4633:
4626:
4587:
4580:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4468:
4412:
4030:
3975:
3955:
3945:
3925:
3896:
3806:
3601:
3596:
3586:
3535:
3457:
3371:
3204:
3153:
3052:
2987:
2826:
2593:
2047:
1704:
1656:
1471:
155:
113:
5278:
river in Durban by 1875. This temple was damaged by floods in 1905, but its
3766:
3530:
2738:
2733:
7017:
6795:
6320:
6030:
The History of the Sithambaram Alayam Temple in Bayview, Chatsworth, Durban
5275:
5264:
5248:
4757:
4666:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4545:
4203:
4025:
3861:
3856:
3816:
3726:
3716:
3686:
3656:
3591:
3495:
3417:
3148:
3113:
3037:
3012:
2941:
2791:
2642:
2434:
2429:
2328:
2315:
2310:
1821:
1817:
1770:
1716:
1692:
1475:
1467:
5838:
Denise Cush et al. (2007), Hindus in Africa, in Encyclopedia of Hinduism,
2966:
1691:
A number of ancient Indian texts describe shipping and trade. Kautiliya's
4828:
4552:
4445:
4375:
4188:
4142:
4103:
4005:
3846:
3836:
3701:
3570:
3560:
3429:
3424:
3327:
3226:
3118:
3108:
3078:
3047:
2956:
2723:
2537:
2460:
2452:
2254:
2023:
1652:
1636:
107:
6246:
5355:
5347:
4874:
4835:
4799:
4680:
4619:
4226:
4218:
4129:
3906:
3681:
3636:
3490:
3480:
3246:
3194:
3123:
3032:
2961:
2951:
2946:
2718:
2493:
2470:
2465:
2194:
1994:
1751:
1700:
1644:
86:
6371:
5299:
speakers to refer to their religion likewise. In general, worship of
4984:
4916:
4853:
4771:
4603:
4174:
4134:
4065:
3911:
3876:
3826:
3796:
3731:
3651:
3555:
3525:
3505:
3189:
3133:
3098:
3083:
3002:
2997:
2979:
2305:
2219:
2150:
2089:
1832:
1781:
1774:
1695:
dedicates a chapter to it, and mentions a government official called
1668:
1494:
151:
138:
6105:
6103:
6101:
2786:
1632:, largely descendants of indentured laborers who migrated under the
5268:
5056:
4612:
4438:
4395:
4362:
4213:
4208:
4181:
3891:
3871:
3801:
3751:
3631:
3520:
3436:
3407:
3402:
3271:
3261:
3158:
3138:
3062:
3057:
3022:
2692:
2672:
2632:
2598:
2578:
2558:
2444:
2320:
2055:
2013:
2008:
1882:
1835:
era started taking shape. It was in this environment of 1890s when
1720:
1708:
1479:
1462:
134:
95:
69:
5880:
5660:
Marina Carter and Khal Torabully (2002), Coolitude, Anthem Press,
4119:
1816:(indentured laborers) were deployed by the colonial government in
1800:
6098:
5330:
5303:
5279:
4989:
4979:
4729:
4650:
4642:
4459:
4385:
4370:
4167:
3866:
3811:
3550:
3500:
3470:
3465:
3337:
3312:
3199:
2831:
2710:
2687:
2662:
2573:
2563:
2372:
2336:
2224:
2209:
2204:
2140:
2135:
2099:
2094:
2081:
1780:
In South Africa, indentured labourers were brought in to work on
1755:
1742:
1648:
90:
5602:. The National Archives, Government of the United Kingdom. 2010.
5025:
2876:
2871:
2697:
5637:
5326:
5321:
5315:
5252:
4994:
4808:
4124:
3851:
3736:
3641:
3611:
3606:
3540:
3515:
3304:
3174:
3017:
2992:
2931:
2816:
2811:
2801:
2743:
2667:
2627:
2622:
2553:
2478:
2413:
2398:
2300:
2244:
2229:
2175:
2155:
2068:
2063:
1900:
1813:
1676:
1640:
1490:
1486:
31:
6226:
5307:
5011:
4881:
4646:
4158:
3696:
3565:
3475:
3322:
3276:
3256:
2936:
2921:
2861:
2851:
2836:
2821:
2796:
2647:
2617:
2503:
2403:
2234:
2199:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2145:
2073:
1712:
1664:
1660:
168:
82:
5346:
According to a research, more than 88% of Hindus affirmed a
1795:
1624:*The figures for 2013 and 2016 are not official census data.
223:
6236:
5311:
3485:
3266:
3236:
3179:
2926:
2913:
2806:
2408:
2249:
2239:
2214:
2180:
2130:
2112:
5351:
1839:
arrived in South Africa as a lawyer offering services to
6231:
1754:
labor system which essentially retained all elements of
2353:
1890:
5354:
in Hinduism as opposed to only about 11% admitting to
6255:
5295:
to call their religion "the Tamil religion", or for
1726:
6060:
6144:
6142:
6064:The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to African Religions
1741:and some on their own as "free" immigrants. After
6319:
6149:P. Pratap Kumar, The Conversation (7 July 2016).
7177:
5814:Shona, ą¤øą„ą¤Øą¤¾, means gold in many Indian languages
6148:
6139:
6056:
6054:
5508:
5506:
5314:, or in the case of Gujaratis, worshippers of
6811:
6387:
6305:
6252:, Vol. 13, Fasc. 2. (1982), pp. 139ā149.
5909:"South Sea Islanders mark sugar 'slave' days"
5228:
1434:
6825:
5675:
5673:
5565:"The most popular religions in South Africa"
6885:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
6051:
5996:
5994:
5881:Steven Vertovik (Robin Cohen, ed.) (1995).
5503:
5441:Majority of the Hindus in South Africa are
1628:The majority of Hindus in South Africa are
6818:
6804:
6394:
6380:
6312:
6298:
5371:Distribution of Hindus among Ethnic groups
5235:
5221:
1441:
1427:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5670:
1796:Establishment of Hinduism in South Africa
6336:Clairwood Shree Siva Soobramoniar Temple
6200:"War on religion conversions | The Post"
6067:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 393ā.
5991:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5820:
1861:
1799:
1750:British Empire invented and enforced an
1452:
6242:Hindu related resources in South Africa
5884:The Cambridge survey of world migration
5611:
5609:
4112:Sources and classification of scripture
1457:A Hindu Temple in Durban, South Africa.
7178:
6401:
6247:Homogeneity and South African Hinduism
5855:
5718:
5656:
5654:
6799:
6375:
6293:
6173:
6120:
5817:
5687:
5685:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5541:"Religions in South Africa | PEW-GRF"
2739:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)
2734:ArthÄpatti (postulation, presumption)
6962:Reformed Evangelical Anglican Church
5606:
6227:Divine Life Society of South Africa
6061:Elias Kifon Bongmba (21 May 2012).
5651:
5514:"Statistical Release - Census 2022"
13:
7079:
5682:
5625:
5581:
1727:Colonial era, indentured labourers
222:
215:
14:
7212:
6220:
6174:Kumar, P. Pratap (26 June 2016).
6121:Kumar, P. Pratap (27 June 2016).
6110:United States Department of State
7160:
7159:
7124:Witchcraft Suppression Act, 1957
6702:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
6472:Democratic Republic of the Congo
6277:
6265:
5911:. SBS Australia. 26 August 2013.
5202:
1889:
1851:
1226:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
298:Democratic Republic of the Congo
55:
54:
45:
44:
24:
6917:Evangelical Presbyterian Church
6192:
6167:
6114:
6081:
6035:
6023:
6011:
5982:
5973:
5956:
5940:
5924:
5915:
5901:
5874:
5849:
5808:
5791:
5775:
5765:
5749:
5740:
5701:
6351:Mount Edgecombe Ganesha Temple
6341:Madhya Kailash Temple, Midrand
6237:South African Hindu Maha Sabha
6232:South African site on Hinduism
5887:. Cambridge University Press.
5557:
5545:www.globalreligiousfutures.org
5533:
5452:
1977:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
1:
6947:Presbyterian Church of Africa
6250:Journal of Religion in Africa
5860:. Hansib Publishing, London.
5640:, Re-published by Routledge,
5496:
5033:Other society-related topics:
2729:UpamÄį¹a (comparison, analogy)
1745:was abolished throughout the
30:Clairwood Shree Siva Temple,
6967:United Congregational Church
6020:South African History Online
5361:
5286:
5144:Hinduism and other religions
3941:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati
1474:. Approximately 1.1% of the
59:1.1% of the total population
7:
6972:Uniting Presbyterian Church
6912:Evangelical Lutheran Church
6850:Afrikaans Protestant Church
6018:Community History of Durban
5468:
4889:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram
4861:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
2594:Arishadvargas (six enemies)
2538:Antaįø„karaį¹a (mental organs)
2533:SÅ«kį¹£ma ÅarÄ«ra (subtle body)
1478:population professed to be
1236:Caribbean Madrasi Community
10:
7217:
7013:African Traditional Belief
6997:The Church of Almighty God
6361:Shri Jagannath Puri Temple
6346:Mariamman Temple, Pretoria
4765:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
3450:Gurus, sants, philosophers
3386:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
2574:Uparati (self-settledness)
1855:
1730:
1682:
7157:
7091:
7077:
7005:
6992:People's Church of Africa
6957:Reformed Church in Africa
6880:Christian Reformed Church
6840:
6833:
6715:
6690:
6409:
6331:
5432:
5424:
5419:
5411:
5406:
5398:
5393:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
3931:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
2589:Samadhana (concentration)
2453:Three paths to liberation
1960:Tribal religions in India
1945:Historical Vedic religion
1940:Indus Valley Civilisation
1643:settlers. Many came from
129:
124:
81:
76:
68:
63:
43:
38:
23:
7201:Religion in South Africa
7186:Hinduism in South Africa
6827:Religion in South Africa
6457:Central African Republic
5486:Religion in South Africa
5247:The first South African
2765:, sacrifice, and charity
1466:is practised throughout
283:Central African Republic
6977:Uniting Reformed Church
6937:Nazareth Baptist Church
6865:Apostolic Faith Mission
4938:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
4151:Timeline of Hindu texts
4056:Siddharameshwar Maharaj
3089:Pumsavana Simantonayana
2744:Åabda (word, testimony)
1982:Epic-Puranic chronology
1950:Dravidian folk religion
199:, etc. (among diaspora)
7085:
6927:Free Reformed Churches
5447:Christian missionaries
4903:Eighteen Greater Texts
4532:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
3961:Krishnananda Saraswati
3205:Vijayadashami-Dussehra
2719:Pratyakį¹£a (perception)
2579:Titiksha (forbearance)
1867:
1805:
1458:
849:Bosnia and Herzegovina
227:
220:
7109:CRL Rights Commission
7083:
6982:Zion Christian Church
6890:Dutch Reformed Church
6617:SĆ£o TomĆ© and PrĆncipe
6477:Republic of the Congo
5858:New System of Slavery
5856:Tinker, Hugh (1993).
5846:, Routledge, pp. 9-11
5481:Indian South Africans
5443:Indian South Africans
5333:devotees observe the
5019:Varna-related topics:
4910:Eighteen Lesser Texts
4483:Devi Bhagavata Purana
3379:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
3365:Achintya Bheda Abheda
3297:Philosophical schools
2599:Ahamkara (attachment)
2559:Vairagya (dispassion)
2487:Mokį¹£a-related topics:
1865:
1858:List of Hindu temples
1845:racial discrimination
1803:
1733:Indian South Africans
1630:Indian South Africans
1456:
1216:Saint Kitts and Nevis
450:SĆ£o TomĆ© and PrĆncipe
303:Republic of the Congo
226:
219:
7084:Flag of South Africa
6942:New Apostolic Church
5463:religious conversion
5335:Festival of Chariots
5151:Hinduism and Jainism
4081:Vethathiri Maharishi
3986:Nisargadatta Maharaj
2554:Viveka (discernment)
1929:(500/200 BCEā300 CE)
1663:and other states of
789:United Arab Emirates
19:South African Hindus
7191:Hinduism by country
7129:Traditional healers
7099:Freedom of religion
6855:Afrikaner Calvinism
6692:States with limited
6403:Hinduism in Africa
5322:Deepavali or Diwali
5209:Hinduism portal
5088:Hinduism by country
4924:Iraiyanar Akapporul
4868:TirumurukÄį¹į¹uppaį¹ai
3951:Dayananda Saraswati
3936:Bhaktivinoda Thakur
3842:Sripada Srivallabha
3782:Raghunatha Siromani
3747:Narasimha Saraswati
2724:AnumÄį¹a (inference)
1470:, but primarily in
1231:Trinidad and Tobago
1156:Antigua and Barbuda
209:Hinduism by country
20:
7196:Hinduism in Africa
7119:Marriage Act, 1961
7114:Equality Act, 2000
7086:
5569:businesstech.co.za
5475:Thai Poosam Kavady
5103:Caribbean Shaktism
4822:Kanakadhara Stotra
4071:U. G. Krishnamurti
4051:Satyadhyana Tirtha
3647:Gangesha Upadhyaya
3305:Six Astika schools
2549:Änanda (happiness)
2528:AnÄtman (non-self)
1868:
1806:
1459:
1181:Dominican Republic
228:
221:
185:Bhojpuri (Naitali)
18:
7173:
7172:
7075:
7074:
6793:
6792:
6719:other territories
6492:Equatorial Guinea
6369:
6368:
6356:Narainsamy Temple
6074:978-1-4051-9690-1
5968:978-0-415-52299-1
5894:978-0-521-44405-7
5867:978-1-870518-18-5
5491:Hindu eschatology
5437:
5436:
5350:understanding of
5245:
5244:
5096:Balinese Hinduism
4595:Markandeya Purana
3832:Satyanatha Tirtha
3787:Raghuttama Tirtha
3777:Raghavendra Swami
3622:Ramdas Kathiababa
2703:Sources of dharma
2569:Dama (temperance)
2564:Sama (equanimity)
1930:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1451:
1450:
318:Equatorial Guinea
203:
202:
119:Sangam literature
7208:
7163:
7162:
6987:Zionist Churches
6932:Methodist Church
6838:
6837:
6820:
6813:
6806:
6797:
6796:
6780:
6779:(United Kingdom)
6775:Tristan da Cunha
6771:Ascension Island
6763:
6750:
6741:
6717:Dependencies and
6410:Sovereign states
6396:
6389:
6382:
6373:
6372:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6291:
6290:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6261:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6180:The Conversation
6171:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6146:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6127:The Conversation
6118:
6112:
6107:
6096:
6085:
6079:
6078:
6058:
6049:
6039:
6033:
6027:
6021:
6015:
6009:
5998:
5989:
5986:
5980:
5977:
5971:
5960:
5954:
5944:
5938:
5928:
5922:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5853:
5847:
5836:
5815:
5812:
5806:
5795:
5789:
5779:
5773:
5769:
5763:
5753:
5747:
5744:
5738:
5727:
5716:
5705:
5699:
5689:
5680:
5677:
5668:
5658:
5649:
5634:
5623:
5613:
5604:
5603:
5596:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5518:
5510:
5368:
5367:
5257:Pietermaritzburg
5237:
5230:
5223:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5167:and Christianity
5137:Pilgrimage sites
5067:Reform movements
4945:Vinayagar Agaval
4896:Five Great Epics
4845:Tamil literature
4744:Sushruta Samhita
4539:Bhavishya Purana
4525:Brahmanda Purana
4476:Bhagavata Purana
4404:Other scriptures
3966:Mahavatar Babaji
3546:Satyakama Jabala
3217:Ganesh Chaturthi
3071:Rites of passage
2584:Shraddha (faith)
2002:Major traditions
1928:
1893:
1870:
1869:
1739:indentured labor
1623:
1500:
1499:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1301:Papua New Guinea
1271:Marshall Islands
1054:Northern Ireland
205:
204:
58:
57:
48:
47:
39:Total population
28:
21:
17:
7216:
7215:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7153:
7144:Public holidays
7087:
7071:
7001:
6875:Catholic Church
6860:Anglican Church
6829:
6824:
6794:
6789:
6788:
6778:
6761:
6748:
6739:
6720:
6718:
6711:
6695:
6693:
6686:
6405:
6400:
6370:
6365:
6327:
6318:
6288:
6278:
6276:
6266:
6264:
6256:
6223:
6218:
6217:
6208:
6206:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6184:
6182:
6172:
6168:
6159:
6157:
6147:
6140:
6131:
6129:
6119:
6115:
6108:
6099:
6086:
6082:
6075:
6059:
6052:
6040:
6036:
6028:
6024:
6016:
6012:
5999:
5992:
5987:
5983:
5978:
5974:
5961:
5957:
5945:
5941:
5929:
5925:
5920:
5916:
5907:
5906:
5902:
5895:
5879:
5875:
5868:
5854:
5850:
5837:
5818:
5813:
5809:
5796:
5792:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5766:
5754:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5728:
5719:
5706:
5702:
5690:
5683:
5678:
5671:
5659:
5652:
5635:
5626:
5614:
5607:
5600:"Forced Labour"
5598:
5597:
5582:
5573:
5571:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5549:
5547:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5525:
5523:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5504:
5499:
5477:annual festival
5471:
5455:
5439:
5438:
5430:
5417:
5404:
5391:
5364:
5289:
5241:
5203:
5201:
5182:
5181:
5175:
5145:
5111:
5090:
5082:
5072:
5071:
5034:
4967:
4959:
4951:
4950:
4847:
4815:
4737:Charaka Samhita
4716:VaiÅeį¹£ika SÅ«tra
4674:Shilpa Shastras
4653:
4606:
4490:Naradiya Purana
4462:
4457:
4432:
4406:
4365:
4229:
4161:
4145:
4114:
4106:
4096:
4095:
4041:Shirdi Sai Baba
4036:Sathya Sai Baba
4016:Ramana Maharshi
3920:
3887:Vadiraja Tirtha
3882:VÄcaspati MiÅra
3762:Srinivasacharya
3742:Narahari Tirtha
3722:Matsyendranatha
3707:KumÄrila Bhaį¹į¹a
3672:Jagannatha Dasa
3662:Haridasa Thakur
3581:
3460:
3452:
3442:
3441:
3397:
3358:Vishishtadvaita
3307:
3299:
3289:
3288:
3242:Makar Sankranti
3222:Vasant Panchami
3185:Maha Shivaratri
3169:
3073:
2982:
2916:
2885:
2766:
2757:
2749:
2748:
2713:
2607:
2544:PrajƱa (wisdom)
2540:
2517:
2481:
2455:
2424:
2393:
2391:Meaning of life
2378:God in Hinduism
2367:
2331:
2329:Supreme reality
2306:Subtle elements
2295:
2276:
2270:
2260:
2259:
2115:
2084:
2058:
2050:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2003:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1931:
1926:Hindu synthesis
1922:
1917:
1860:
1854:
1841:Indian diaspora
1798:
1784:plantations in
1735:
1729:
1685:
1447:
1411:
1410:
1341:
1331:
1330:
1311:Solomon Islands
1251:
1241:
1240:
1146:
1136:
1135:
1081:
1071:
1070:
974:North Macedonia
819:
809:
808:
530:
520:
519:
238:
167:
162:
146:
141:
133:
72:
53:
34:
12:
11:
5:
7214:
7204:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7171:
7170:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7095:
7093:
7089:
7088:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7058:
7057:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7009:
7007:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6846:
6844:
6835:
6831:
6830:
6823:
6822:
6815:
6808:
6800:
6791:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:Western Sahara
6781:
6764:
6751:
6742:
6728:Canary Islands
6724:
6723:
6721:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6698:
6696:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6398:
6391:
6384:
6376:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6317:
6316:
6309:
6302:
6294:
6287:
6286:
6274:
6254:
6253:
6244:
6239:
6234:
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6221:External links
6219:
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5952:978-0903983310
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5803:978-0195375176
5790:
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5761:978-0702111631
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5735:978-0195375176
5717:
5713:978-0816073368
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5697:978-1405196901
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2016:
2011:
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1972:Itihasa-Purana
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1837:Mahatma Gandhi
1797:
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1747:British Empire
1731:Main article:
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7149:Satanic panic
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7023:Zulu religion
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6952:Protestantism
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6870:Baptist Union
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6532:Guinea-Bissau
6530:
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6321:Hindu temples
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6204:www.iol.co.za
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6008:, pp. 125-166
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5890:
5886:
5885:
5877:
5869:
5863:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5841:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5811:
5804:
5800:
5794:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5768:
5762:
5758:
5752:
5743:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5694:
5688:
5686:
5676:
5674:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5655:
5647:
5646:0-415-09310-4
5643:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5622:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5601:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5522:
5515:
5509:
5507:
5502:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5450:
5448:
5444:
5427:
5423:
5414:
5410:
5401:
5397:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5374:
5369:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5323:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5306:and Lord Sri
5305:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5238:
5233:
5231:
5226:
5224:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5178:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5110:Hindu culture
5108:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5076:
5075:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5062:Organisations
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:Yoga Vasistha
4783:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4751:Natya Shastra
4748:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4688:Brahma Sutras
4685:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4634:Sthapatyaveda
4631:
4629:
4628:
4627:Gandharvaveda
4624:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4588:Varaha Purana
4585:
4583:
4582:
4581:Skanda Purana
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4518:Brahma Purana
4515:
4513:
4512:
4511:Garuda Purana
4508:
4506:
4505:
4504:Matsya Purana
4501:
4499:
4498:
4497:VÄmana Purana
4494:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4469:Vishnu Purana
4466:
4465:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4413:Bhagavad Gita
4410:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3996:Radhakrishnan
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3976:Narayana Guru
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3956:Jaggi Vasudev
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:Chinmayananda
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Ramprasad Sen
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:Gorakshanatha
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Allama Prabhu
3600:
3598:
3597:Akka Mahadevi
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Abhinavagupta
3585:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Prashastapada
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3396:Other schools
3394:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3372:Shuddhadvaita
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:Kalaripayattu
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:Bharatanatyam
2986:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Nritta-Nritya
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1852:Hindu temples
1849:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:Swahili coast
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1680:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:Uttar Pradesh
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1476:South African
1473:
1472:KwaZulu-Natal
1469:
1465:
1464:
1455:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:French Guiana
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:South America
1335:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:New Caledonia
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1131:United States
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:North America
1075:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
934:Liechtenstein
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
818:
813:
812:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
529:
524:
523:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
419:
416:
415:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
358:Guinea-Bissau
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
237:
232:
231:
225:
218:
214:
213:
210:
207:
206:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
120:
116:
115:
114:Bhagavad Gita
110:
109:
104:
103:
98:
97:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
62:
51:
42:
37:
33:
27:
22:
16:
7164:
7039:
7030:BahĆ”Ź¼Ć Faith
7018:San religion
6842:Christianity
6767:Saint Helena
6738:
6642:South Africa
6641:
6632:Sierra Leone
6437:Burkina Faso
6325:South Africa
6324:
6284:South Africa
6249:
6207:. Retrieved
6203:
6194:
6183:. Retrieved
6179:
6169:
6158:. Retrieved
6154:
6130:. Retrieved
6126:
6116:
6083:
6063:
6037:
6025:
6013:
5984:
5975:
5958:
5942:
5926:
5917:
5903:
5883:
5876:
5857:
5851:
5810:
5805:, Chapter 21
5793:
5777:
5767:
5751:
5742:
5737:, Chapter 23
5703:
5666:1-84331-0031
5572:. Retrieved
5568:
5559:
5548:. Retrieved
5544:
5535:
5524:. Retrieved
5520:
5456:
5440:
5386:Indian/Asian
5356:polytheistic
5348:monotheistic
5345:
5341:Hare Krishna
5339:
5320:
5290:
5273:
5265:Johannesburg
5249:Hindu temple
5246:
5169: /
5165: /
5161: /
5157: /
5155:and Buddhism
5153: /
5117:Architecture
5080:Other topics
5018:
5001:
4973:Four varnas:
4972:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4758:Panchatantra
4756:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4709:NyÄya SÅ«tras
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4667:Artha Åastra
4665:
4658:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4574:KÅ«rma Purana
4572:
4567:Linga Purana
4565:
4560:Shiva Purana
4558:
4551:
4546:Padma Purana
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4444:
4437:
4422:s (Hinduism)
4419:
4411:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4332:Atharvaveda:
4331:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4196:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4046:Shraddhanand
4021:Ravi Shankar
4001:R. D. Ranade
3862:ÅyÄma Åastri
3857:Swaminarayan
3817:Rupa Goswami
3727:Morya Gosavi
3687:Jiva Goswami
3592:Adi Shankara
3418:PratyabhijƱa
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3149:Samavartanam
3129:VidyÄraį¹bhaį¹
3114:Annaprashana
3038:Dandiya Raas
3013:Mohiniyattam
2906:NididhyÄsana
2711:Epistemology
2643:Brahmacharya
2523:Ätman (self)
2486:
2430:Brahmacharya
2359:SaccidÄnanda
2311:Panchikarana
2187:
2120:
2111: /
2107:Other major
2031:
1965:
1964:
1919:
1830:
1822:Western Cape
1818:Eastern Cape
1811:
1807:
1790:
1779:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1736:
1717:Shona people
1697:navadhyaksha
1696:
1693:Arthashastra
1690:
1686:
1673:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1484:
1468:South Africa
1461:
1460:
784:Turkmenistan
739:Saudi Arabia
475:South Africa
474:
465:Sierra Leone
263:Burkina Faso
164:
143:
142:
130:
112:
106:
100:
94:
49:
15:
6922:Free Church
6694:recognition
6647:South Sudan
6537:Ivory Coast
5970:, Chapter 3
5648:, pp. 72-75
5459:Pentecostal
5453:Conversions
5283:elaborate.
5163:and Judaism
5159:and Sikhism
5127:Iconography
5052:Nationalism
5045:Persecution
4829:Shiva Stuti
4723:Yoga Sutras
4553:Agni Purana
4455:Other texts
4446:Mahabharata
4189:Atharvaveda
4086:Vivekananda
4011:Rama Tirtha
4006:Ramakrishna
3981:Nigamananda
3971:Mahesh Yogi
3847:Sripadaraja
3837:Siddheshwar
3732:MukundarÄja
3712:Madhusūdana
3702:Kanaka Dasa
3627:Chakradhara
3571:Yajnavalkya
3561:Vishvamitra
3430:Pancharatra
3328:Vaisheshika
3284:Ratha Yatra
3232:Janmashtami
3227:Rama Navami
3144:Ritushuddhi
3119:Chudakarana
3109:Nishkramana
3079:Garbhadhana
3048:Pandav Lila
2957:Bhakti yoga
2842:PrÄyaÅcitta
2613:Niti Åastra
2461:Bhakti yoga
2440:VÄnaprastha
2255:Vishvakarma
2188:Post-Vedic:
2024:Vaishnavism
1966:Traditional
1771:blackbirded
1653:Maharashtra
1291:New Zealand
1221:Saint Lucia
1211:Puerto Rico
1101:El Salvador
1034:Switzerland
969:Netherlands
729:Philippines
662:South Korea
657:North Korea
535:Afghanistan
480:South Sudan
363:Ivory Coast
108:Mahabharata
7180:Categories
7045:Irreligion
6749:(Portugal)
6707:Somaliland
6627:Seychelles
6592:Mozambique
6577:Mauritania
6562:Madagascar
6517:The Gambia
6452:Cape Verde
6209:2019-10-04
6185:2019-10-04
6160:2019-10-04
6132:2019-10-04
5574:2019-10-04
5550:2019-10-04
5526:2024-08-22
5497:References
5003:Varna-less
4875:Tiruppukal
4836:Vayu Stuti
4800:Panchadasi
4793:Swara yoga
4681:Kama Sutra
4620:Dhanurveda
4280:Taittiriya
4258:Yajurveda:
4250:Kaushitaki
4227:Upanishads
4219:Upanishads
4143:Scriptures
3991:Prabhupada
3907:Vidyaranya
3792:Ram Charan
3767:PrabhÄkara
3682:Jayatīrtha
3637:Dadu Dayal
3632:ChÄngadeva
3491:Bharadwaja
3481:Ashtavakra
3247:Kumbh Mela
3195:Durga Puja
3124:Karnavedha
3104:NÄmakaraį¹a
3033:Yakshagana
2962:Karma yoga
2952:Jnana yoga
2947:Hatha yoga
2884:Meditation
2857:Tirthadana
2638:Aparigraha
2494:ParamÄtman
2479:Liberation
2471:Karma yoga
2466:Jnana yoga
2195:Dattatreya
1995:Traditions
1920:Historical
1856:See also:
1826:Free State
1752:indentured
1701:Mozambique
1645:Tamil Nadu
1276:Micronesia
1206:Martinique
1191:Guadeloupe
1096:Costa Rica
1004:San Marino
964:Montenegro
944:Luxembourg
794:Uzbekistan
769:Tajikistan
674:Kyrgyzstan
647:Kazakhstan
585:East Timor
555:Bangladesh
545:Azerbaijan
460:Seychelles
425:Mozambique
403:Mauritania
388:Madagascar
278:Cape Verde
105:version),
87:Upanishads
77:Scriptures
6834:Religions
6582:Mauritius
6155:Scroll.in
6095:, pp. 395
5376:Ethnicity
5362:Ethnicity
5358:notions.
5287:Practices
5177:Criticism
5171:and Islam
5132:Mythology
4985:Kshatriya
4917:Athichudi
4854:Tirumurai
4772:Tirumurai
4381:VyÄkaraį¹a
4317:Chandogya
4309:Samaveda:
4197:Divisions
4175:Yajurveda
4135:Ätmatuį¹£į¹i
4091:Yogananda
4066:Trailanga
4061:Sivananda
3926:Aurobindo
3912:Vyasaraja
3877:Tyagaraja
3827:Sankardev
3797:Ramananda
3692:JƱÄneÅvar
3667:Harivansh
3652:Gaudapada
3617:Chaitanya
3556:Vashistha
3526:Patanjali
3506:Jamadagni
3425:Vaishnava
3413:Pashupata
3190:Navaratri
3167:Festivals
3134:Upanayana
3099:Jatakarma
3084:Pumsavana
3003:Kuchipudi
2998:Kathakali
2967:RÄja yoga
2901:SamÄdhÄna
2782:Prarthana
2756:Practices
2683:SvÄdhyÄya
2287:Mythology
2282:Cosmology
2275:Worldview
2220:Kartikeya
2151:Prajapati
2090:Saraswati
1833:apartheid
1782:sugarcane
1775:Caribbean
1677:Deepavali
1669:Apartheid
1495:Mauritius
1417:Full list
1406:Venezuela
1346:Argentina
1256:Australia
1144:Caribbean
1121:Nicaragua
1106:Guatemala
939:Lithuania
894:Gibraltar
754:Sri Lanka
744:Singapore
724:Palestine
605:Indonesia
595:Hong Kong
408:Mauritius
152:Afrikaans
139:Old Tamil
125:Languages
64:Religions
7166:Category
7067:Paganism
7040:Hinduism
7035:Buddhism
6773: /
6769: /
6762:(France)
6756: /
6734: /
6730: /
6682:Zimbabwe
6657:Tanzania
6507:Ethiopia
6502:Eswatini
6482:Djibouti
6447:Cameroon
6432:Botswana
6272:Hinduism
5469:See also
5412:Coloured
5329:, while
5269:Pretoria
5190:Glossary
5122:Calendar
5057:Hindutva
4980:Brahmana
4651:samhitas
4643:Shastras
4613:Ayurveda
4604:Upavedas
4439:Ramayana
4430:Itihasas
4396:Jyotisha
4363:Vedangas
4347:Mandukya
4243:Aitareya
4235:Rigveda:
4214:Aranyaka
4209:Brahmana
4182:Samaveda
3897:Valluvar
3892:Vallabha
3872:Tulsidas
3802:Ramanuja
3752:Nayanars
3737:Namadeva
3579:Medieval
3521:Kashyapa
3437:Charvaka
3408:Kapalika
3272:Puthandu
3262:Vaisakhi
3159:Antyesti
3139:Keshanta
3063:Adimurai
3058:Silambam
3023:Sattriya
3008:Manipuri
2693:Mitahara
2673:Santosha
2633:Achourya
2445:Sannyasa
2435:Gį¹hastha
2294:Ontology
2268:Concepts
2056:Trimurti
2019:Smartism
2014:Shaktism
2009:Shaivism
1883:Hinduism
1875:a series
1873:Part of
1721:Zimbabwe
1709:Tanzania
1641:European
1637:colonial
1514:Increase
1463:Hinduism
1396:Suriname
1386:Paraguay
1366:Colombia
1266:Kiribati
1176:Dominica
1166:Barbados
1151:Anguilla
1111:Honduras
1059:Scotland
1019:Slovenia
1014:Slovakia
989:Portugal
854:Bulgaria
774:Thailand
719:Pakistan
699:Mongolia
694:Maldives
689:Malaysia
570:Cambodia
515:Zimbabwe
490:Tanzania
333:Ethiopia
328:Eswatini
308:Djibouti
273:Cameroon
258:Botswana
189:Gujarati
144:Regional
135:Sanskrit
96:Ramayana
70:Hinduism
7092:Related
7062:Judaism
6758:RĆ©union
6754:Mayotte
6745:Madeira
6740:(Spain)
6736:Melilla
6667:Tunisia
6637:Somalia
6622:Senegal
6607:Nigeria
6597:Namibia
6587:Morocco
6552:Liberia
6547:Lesotho
6497:Eritrea
6467:Comoros
6442:Burundi
6417:Algeria
6258:Portals
5715:, pp 11
5429:
5416:
5403:
5390:
5381:Percent
5331:Krishna
5304:Parvati
5280:deities
5195:Outline
4990:Vaishya
4958:Society
4809:Stotras
4460:Puranas
4386:Nirukta
4376:Chandas
4371:Shiksha
4354:Prashna
4340:Mundaka
4204:Samhita
4168:Rigveda
4031:Samarth
3867:Tukaram
3812:Ravidas
3551:Valmiki
3501:Jaimini
3471:Angiras
3466:Agastya
3458:Ancient
3344:Advaita
3338:Vedanta
3333:MÄ«mÄį¹sÄ
3313:Samkhya
3200:Ramlila
2942:SÄdhanÄ
2832:Tarpana
2817:KÄ«rtana
2812:Bhajana
2763:Worship
2688:Shaucha
2663:Akrodha
2509:Saį¹sÄra
2373:Ishvara
2342:Nirguna
2337:Brahman
2301:Tattvas
2225:Krishna
2210:Hanuman
2205:Ganesha
2141:Chandra
2136:Ashvins
2100:Parvati
2095:Lakshmi
2082:Tridevi
2048:Deities
1955:Åramaį¹a
1935:History
1916:Origins
1906:History
1814:coolies
1756:slavery
1743:slavery
1683:History
1649:Gujarat
1634:British
1509:Percent
1401:Uruguay
1371:Ecuador
1351:Bolivia
1326:Vanuatu
1249:Oceania
1201:Jamaica
1186:Grenada
1161:Bahamas
1049:England
1039:Ukraine
994:Romania
954:Moldova
914:Ireland
909:Iceland
904:Hungary
889:Germany
879:Finland
874:Estonia
869:Denmark
864:Czechia
859:Croatia
844:Belgium
839:Belarus
834:Austria
829:Andorra
824:Albania
799:Vietnam
704:Myanmar
684:Lebanon
590:Georgia
550:Bahrain
540:Armenia
500:Tunisia
470:Somalia
455:Senegal
440:Nigeria
430:Namibia
413:Morocco
378:Liberia
373:Lesotho
323:Eritrea
293:Comoros
268:Burundi
243:Algeria
193:Bengali
148:English
111:(incl.
99:(incl.
91:Puranas
50:682,302
6777:
6760:
6747:
6677:Zambia
6672:Uganda
6612:Rwanda
6567:Malawi
6527:Guinea
6422:Angola
6091:
6071:
6045:
6032:Ulwazi
6004:
5966:
5950:
5934:
5891:
5864:
5842:
5801:
5785:
5759:
5733:
5711:
5695:
5664:
5644:
5638:UNESCO
5619:
5327:Kavadi
5316:Vishnu
5293:Tamils
5276:Umbilo
5253:Durban
4995:Shudra
4813:stutis
4649:, and
4647:sutras
4301:Maitri
4026:Ramdas
3919:Modern
3852:Surdas
3717:Madhva
3642:Eknath
3612:Basava
3607:Alvars
3541:Raikva
3531:PÄį¹ini
3516:Kapila
3511:Kanada
3496:Gotama
3403:Shaiva
3351:Dvaita
3252:Pongal
3175:Diwali
3154:Vivaha
3018:Odissi
2993:Kathak
2932:Yogini
2896:Dhyana
2847:Tirtha
2802:Bhakti
2792:Temple
2787:Årauta
2668:Arjava
2628:Ahimsa
2623:Niyama
2606:Ethics
2414:Moksha
2399:Dharma
2347:Saguna
2245:Shakti
2230:Kubera
2176:Varuna
2156:Pushan
2069:Vishnu
2064:Brahma
1901:Hindus
1671:eras.
1565:-0.12%
1548:-0.18%
1493:after
1491:Africa
1487:Hindus
1381:Guyana
1356:Brazil
1321:Tuvalu
1126:Panama
1116:Mexico
1091:Canada
1086:Belize
1029:Sweden
1009:Serbia
999:Russia
984:Poland
979:Norway
959:Monaco
929:Latvia
924:Kosovo
899:Greece
884:France
817:Europe
779:Turkey
764:Taiwan
669:Kuwait
642:Jordan
632:Israel
580:Cyprus
565:Brunei
560:Bhutan
510:Zambia
505:Uganda
445:Rwanda
393:Malawi
353:Guinea
343:Gambia
248:Angola
236:Africa
197:Sindhi
181:Awadhi
177:Telugu
165:Others
131:Sacred
52:(2022)
32:Durban
7139:NICSA
7104:SAHRC
7050:Islam
7006:Other
6732:Ceuta
6652:Sudan
6602:Niger
6557:Libya
6542:Kenya
6522:Ghana
6512:Gabon
6487:Egypt
6427:Benin
5772:36-39
5517:(PDF)
5425:White
5399:Black
5394:95.6%
5308:Shiva
5297:Hindi
5012:Dalit
4965:Varna
4882:Kural
4420:Agama
4391:Kalpa
4287:Katha
4159:Vedas
4130:ÄcÄra
4125:Smį¹ti
4120:Åruti
4104:Texts
3697:Kabir
3566:Vyasa
3476:Aruni
3323:Nyaya
3277:Vishu
3257:Ugadi
2937:Asana
2922:Sadhu
2891:Tapas
2862:Matha
2852:Yatra
2837:Vrata
2822:Yajna
2797:Murti
2678:Tapas
2653:Damah
2648:Satya
2618:Yamas
2504:Karma
2404:Artha
2321:Guį¹as
2235:Radha
2200:Durga
2171:Ushas
2166:Surya
2161:Rudra
2146:Indra
2122:Vedic
2113:Devis
2109:Devas
2074:Shiva
1786:Natal
1713:Kenya
1665:India
1661:Bihar
1616:+0.2%
1599:-0.1%
1589:2016*
1582:-0.1%
1572:2013*
1543:1.22%
1480:Hindu
1361:Chile
1316:Tonga
1306:Samoa
1296:Palau
1281:Nauru
1196:Haiti
1064:Wales
1024:Spain
949:Malta
919:Italy
804:Yemen
759:Syria
734:Qatar
709:Nepal
652:Korea
637:Japan
600:India
575:China
485:Sudan
435:Niger
383:Libya
368:Kenya
348:Ghana
338:Gabon
313:Egypt
253:Benin
173:Tamil
169:Hindi
160:Xhosa
83:Vedas
7134:SACC
7055:Shia
6905:GKSA
6662:Togo
6572:Mali
6462:Chad
6089:ISBN
6069:ISBN
6043:ISBN
6002:ISBN
5964:ISBN
5948:ISBN
5932:ISBN
5889:ISBN
5862:ISBN
5840:ISBN
5799:ISBN
5783:ISBN
5757:ISBN
5731:ISBN
5709:ISBN
5693:ISBN
5662:ISBN
5642:ISBN
5617:ISBN
5433:0.5%
5407:2.9%
5312:Rama
5267:and
5026:JÄti
4811:and
4324:Kena
4273:Isha
3486:Atri
3318:Yoga
3267:Bihu
3237:Onam
3180:Holi
2980:Arts
2927:Yogi
2914:Yoga
2877:SevÄ
2872:DÄna
2827:Homa
2807:Japa
2777:ÄrtÄ«
2772:Puja
2698:DÄna
2658:DayÄ
2516:Mind
2499:Maya
2409:Kama
2250:Sita
2240:Rama
2215:Kali
2181:Vayu
2131:Agni
2033:List
1824:and
1703:and
1611:1.1%
1606:2022
1594:0.9%
1577:1.0%
1560:1.1%
1555:2011
1538:2001
1526:1.4%
1521:1994
1504:Year
1391:Peru
1261:Fiji
1171:Cuba
714:Oman
679:Laos
627:Iraq
622:Iran
615:Java
610:Bali
528:Asia
495:Togo
398:Mali
288:Chad
156:Zulu
6900:NHK
6895:NGK
6323:in
5352:God
2366:God
1719:in
1489:in
117:),
7182::
6202:.
6178:.
6153:.
6141:^
6125:.
6100:^
6053:^
5993:^
5819:^
5720:^
5684:^
5672:^
5653:^
5627:^
5608:^
5583:^
5567:.
5543:.
5519:.
5505:^
5449:.
5420:1%
5337:.
5263:,
5259:,
5255:,
4645:,
2354:Om
1877:on
1820:,
1777:.
1758:.
1711:,
1679:.
1659:,
1655:,
1651:,
1647:,
1497:.
195:,
191:,
187:,
183:,
179:,
175:,
171:,
158:,
154:,
150:,
137:,
93:,
89:,
85:,
6819:e
6812:t
6805:v
6395:e
6388:t
6381:v
6313:e
6306:t
6299:v
6260::
6212:.
6188:.
6163:.
6135:.
6077:.
5897:.
5870:.
5577:.
5553:.
5529:.
5236:e
5229:t
5222:v
5005::
2124::
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