825:. The Spanish Caribbean were treated as "forgotten backwater colonies" during the colonial era, the spanish settlers that settled the islands were mostly poorer peasants from the south, especially from the Canary Islands. The Spanish Caribbean has higher Canarian influence compared to continental Latin America, making them the primary European ancestral group, many cultural aspects come from Canarian settlers including the Caribbean Spanish accents. Non-Spanish Europeans immigrated to the Spanish Caribbean as well. In fact, due to white French fleeing Haiti after independence to the surrounding Hispanic Caribbean, around 18% of surnames in the Spanish Caribbean are of French origin, second highest after Spanish. This mixture of European (especially Canarian), West African, and Taino is heavily reflected in the culture. Cultural characteristics of the Spanish Caribbean include musical genres like
909:
55:
71:
120:
1059:
1103:
1210:
780:. An even broader definition can include the Caribbean coasts of Mexico, Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama), and South America (Colombia and Venezuela), however aside from Panama, Venezuela, and parts of Colombia, most of these countries share little with the Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands culturally. It includes regions where Spanish is the main language, and where the legacy of
971:
1371:
792:
well. In contrast to the predominantly black-majority of the non-Hispanic
Caribbean, the Hispanic Caribbean similar to other areas of Hispanic Latin America, is dominated by mixed-race people. However, in the Spanish Caribbean, similar to the non-Hispanic Caribbean, there is a significant African cultural component. The majority of the mixed-race population in the Hispanic Caribbean is made up of
804:
The average Puerto Rican is about 65% European, 20% Sub-Saharan
African, and 15% indigenous. The average Dominican is about 52% European, 40% Sub-Saharan African, and 8% indigenous. The average Cuban is about 72% European, 20% Sub-Saharan African, and 8% indigenous. Indigenous ancestry in the Spanish
920:
and Lesser
Antilles and that were under Spanish rule in various stages of history, until it became independent from Spain. Several islands which were previously largely under Spanish rule, but since they were passed into the domain of France, England or the Netherlands, are no longer considered part
880:
of the New World, the
Spanish West Indies referred to those settlements in islands of the Caribbean Sea under political administration of Spain, as in the phrase "a 1765 cedula authorized seven sea ports, in addition to the port of San Juan, to trade with the Spanish Caribbean." Until the early 19th
800:
in many continental
Hispanic countries. The Hispanic Caribbean has less African admixture and influence than the non-Hispanic Caribbean and more than the most other Spanish speaking regions, while having more indigenous admixture than the rest of the Caribbean but less than Spanish speaking regions
791:
The
Spanish Caribbean (Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico) can be considered a separate subregion of Latin America, culturally distinct from both continental Spanish-speaking countries and the non-Spanish-speaking Caribbean. Apart from culture, the Spanish Caribbean is different racially as
556:
in
America. Largely due to the familiarity that Spaniards gained from Columbus's voyages, the islands were also the first lands to be permanently colonized by Europeans in the Americas. The Spanish West Indies were also the most enduring part of Spain's American Empire, only ending with Cuba and
1768:
Via, Mark; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Roth, Lindsey; Fejerman, Laura; Galander, Joshua; Choudhry, Shweta; Toro-Labrador, Gladys; Viera-Vera, Jorge; Oleksyk, Taras K.; Beckman, Kenneth; Ziv, Elad; Risch, Neil; González
Burchard, Esteban; Nartínez-Cruzado, Juan Carlos (2011).
108:
109:
107:
106:
796:/tri-racials, being of mixed white Spanish, black West African, and to a lesser degree indigenous Taino ancestry, who also make up the majority of the total population overall, especially in the Dominican Republic, as opposed to
105:
2538:
2533:
549:) but these smaller islands remained largely independent until they were seized or ceded to other European powers as a result of war, or diplomatic agreements during the 17th and 18th centuries.
1942:
119:
103:
809:
people, who were native to the
Greater Antilles region. Sub-Saharan African ancestry in the Hispanic Caribbean, just like the rest of Latin America, comes from various parts of
2624:
104:
5133:
1968:
925:
889:
5355:
404:
390:
376:
362:
337:
2739:
1326:
1034:
5350:
5345:
4263:
5375:
2781:
998:
2447:
5340:
5325:
3272:
2764:
2518:
1263:
5370:
4283:
3198:
784:
influences culture, through religion, language, cuisine, and so on. The varieties of
Spanish that predominate in this region are known collectively as
1275:
5201:
1938:
1415:
1271:
5365:
1646:
1322:
1259:
5290:
4748:
1279:
4243:
2813:
1994:
1614:
2007:
Mendizabal, Isabel; Sandoval, Karla; Berniell-Lee, Gemma; Calafell, Francesc; Salas, Antonio; Martinez-Fuentes, Antonio; Comas, David (2008).
5360:
5320:
5206:
4293:
2644:
2543:
2503:
1719:
Tang, Hua; Choudhry, Shweta; Mei, Rui; Morgan, Martin; Rodríguez-Clintron, William; González Burchard, Esteban; Risch, Neil (1 August 2007).
1295:
3898:
3256:
2786:
2573:
2076:
1593:
1526:
5300:
2691:
2221:
1291:
801:
outside of the Caribbean. There are also smaller amounts of whites and blacks, who are predominantly of European or African ancestry.
70:
5295:
5245:
2820:
2634:
2513:
2338:
5113:
4217:
2895:
2598:
1178:
4197:
2669:
2508:
1964:
2355:
17:
3335:
4971:
3082:
2674:
2280:
1587:
1560:
1520:
1493:
54:
3933:
3802:
3429:
3425:
2295:
5066:
5061:
4429:
3835:
3478:
2931:
2774:
2473:
1425:
2196:
Wheat, David, Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean, 1570–1640. Chapel Hill: University Of North Carolina Press, 2016.
5128:
4248:
2321:
860:, which are other modern linguistic divisions of the Caribbean region. The Hispanophone Caribbean is a part of the wider
3117:
4895:
4212:
4148:
3870:
3850:
3325:
3057:
3020:
2825:
2681:
2343:
2270:
684:
369:
5260:
4364:
5310:
4961:
4870:
4268:
3812:
3365:
2995:
2659:
2629:
2487:
2290:
2151:
1349:
5305:
5161:
3845:
3329:
3107:
2848:
2649:
1195:
740:
397:
4537:
4472:
5098:
4890:
4677:
4477:
4026:
3961:
3547:
3449:
2664:
2583:
2528:
2478:
2442:
1435:
5016:
4532:
3976:
3860:
5118:
5056:
4855:
4273:
3986:
3966:
3938:
3855:
3830:
3690:
3498:
3405:
3345:
3312:
2754:
2523:
2214:
2118:
941:
696:
666:
5081:
4910:
4667:
1841:
986:
908:
5315:
5233:
5211:
5166:
5108:
5086:
4900:
4672:
4354:
4143:
4128:
3213:
3077:
3030:
2796:
1445:
4462:
743:
was lost to the United States in 1898 after the Spanish–American War, concluded by the 1898 Treaty of Paris.
5285:
5103:
5071:
4602:
4467:
3903:
3283:
3092:
2888:
1174:
612:
552:
The islands that became the Spanish West Indies were the focus of the voyages of the Spanish expedition of
5091:
4424:
695:
per the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697. It was later returned to Spain, and gained its first independence from
5076:
4976:
4607:
4059:
3991:
2960:
2654:
2069:
National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation: Historic Bridges of Puerto Rico MPS
674:
4527:
4434:
5011:
4374:
4021:
3908:
3820:
3792:
3419:
3389:
3194:
3025:
2808:
2639:
2498:
2316:
945:
692:
4394:
4349:
1246:
4930:
4880:
4738:
4637:
4133:
4006:
3971:
3923:
3825:
3437:
3321:
3010:
2980:
2975:
2483:
2348:
2207:
722:
716:
712:
700:
383:
3555:
1624:
864:, which includes all the Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas. Historically, coastal areas of
817:. European ancestry, mainly comes from Spain, especially from the southern regions of Spain such as
4875:
4758:
4718:
4657:
4652:
4592:
4011:
4001:
3787:
3490:
3401:
3102:
2712:
2698:
2612:
2493:
2239:
1420:
1301:
882:
730:
708:
670:
598:
558:
495:
342:
187:
5255:
4334:
3567:
3087:
4925:
4783:
4627:
4567:
4517:
4419:
4016:
3981:
3928:
3563:
3433:
3397:
3127:
3000:
2985:
2881:
2437:
2259:
1385:
892:
could be included in the Hispanophone Caribbean as well, due to the fact they are located in the
869:
628:
4118:
5330:
5216:
4788:
4723:
4227:
4113:
3996:
3956:
3600:
3393:
3052:
3042:
2769:
2578:
2452:
2311:
1891:"Medical genetics and genomic medicine in the Dominican Republic: Challenges and opportunities"
1450:
1238:
1190:
1046:
734:
586:
274:
206:
124:
Map of the Greater Antilles, under direct Spanish rule as part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
4359:
1771:"History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico"
1662:"History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico"
1548:
1150:
4662:
4072:
3893:
3782:
3721:
3649:
3559:
3260:
2940:
2729:
2067:
1577:
1510:
1114:
1038:
936:. Under intermittent periods of Spanish rule, these islands were administered as part of the
570:
487:
292:
230:
218:
76:
5196:
4597:
4384:
4344:
4303:
3277:
5171:
4840:
4803:
4793:
4733:
4632:
4612:
4507:
4319:
4138:
3015:
3005:
2749:
2369:
2265:
2020:
1845:
1782:
1673:
1340:
1242:
1006:
849:
781:
561:. For over three centuries, Spain controlled a network of ports in the Caribbean including
553:
257:
244:
4697:
4487:
4409:
2009:"Genetic origin, admixture, and asymmetry in maternal and paternal human lineages in Cuba"
8:
5240:
4996:
4981:
4865:
4845:
4798:
4778:
4582:
4577:
4522:
4492:
4258:
3883:
3840:
3797:
3726:
3695:
3466:
3445:
3411:
3218:
3062:
3035:
2935:
2686:
2588:
2468:
1430:
1390:
990:
982:
620:
574:
261:
4986:
4687:
2024:
1849:
1786:
1677:
1255:
1030:
5335:
5001:
4991:
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4920:
4885:
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4329:
4202:
3700:
3680:
3340:
3228:
2955:
2857:
2422:
2285:
2275:
2043:
2008:
1915:
1890:
1866:
1829:
1805:
1770:
1745:
1720:
1696:
1661:
1405:
1395:
1182:
1064:
1002:
773:
638:
624:
602:
514:
430:
4324:
4253:
5181:
5123:
4956:
4728:
4702:
4692:
4682:
4617:
4572:
4502:
4482:
4457:
4404:
4379:
3644:
3171:
3112:
3067:
2926:
2744:
2147:
2048:
1920:
1871:
1810:
1750:
1701:
1583:
1556:
1516:
1489:
1400:
1336:
1317:
1305:
1220:
785:
656:
652:
168:
3202:
2175:
1579:
Accounting Services and Growth in Small Economies: Evidence from the Caribbean Basin
1162:
534:
4813:
4808:
4773:
4753:
4512:
4389:
4288:
4192:
3654:
3494:
2862:
2759:
2734:
2413:
2408:
2393:
2038:
2028:
1910:
1902:
1861:
1853:
1800:
1790:
1740:
1732:
1691:
1681:
917:
861:
853:
761:
678:
502:
467:
154:
5191:
3223:
5256:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
5006:
4946:
4860:
4768:
4642:
4622:
4587:
4369:
4339:
4278:
3888:
3878:
3774:
3659:
3551:
3508:
3268:
3176:
3047:
2427:
2403:
2398:
2141:
1888:
1795:
1686:
1440:
1228:
1134:
865:
857:
834:
538:
4915:
2172:
Life and Society in the Early Spanish Caribbean: The Greater Antilles, 1493-1550
1889:
Estrada-Veras, J. I.; Cabrera-Peña, G. A.; Pérez-Estrella De Ferrán, C. (2016).
1647:"Cerca del 40% de los puertorriqueños con genes europeos descienden de Canarias"
4850:
4763:
4647:
4399:
4222:
4207:
4108:
4082:
4067:
3948:
3543:
3537:
3441:
3208:
3122:
3072:
2950:
2904:
1939:"Ancestry DNA Results: Dominicans are Spaniards Mixed with Africans and Tainos"
1575:
1313:
1138:
1090:
1086:
1010:
877:
830:
822:
814:
660:
634:
479:
355:
296:
134:
3355:
2561:
2191:"Method of Securing the Ports and Populations of All the Coasts of the Indies"
1660:
Via, Marc; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Roth, Lindsay A.; et al. (Jan 2011).
1095:
Independent republic from Spain since 1821, independent from Haiti since 1844
1042:
5279:
4414:
3264:
3181:
2990:
2724:
2432:
1344:
1287:
1233:
1224:
1199:
1186:
1166:
1082:
765:
726:
566:
491:
486:
was the designation for all its overseas territories and was overseen by the
308:
60:
2033:
5186:
5176:
4905:
4444:
4298:
4123:
3639:
3415:
3097:
2945:
2052:
1924:
1875:
1814:
1754:
1705:
1619:
1376:
1309:
1283:
1146:
1122:
1026:
1022:
937:
873:
4497:
1267:
537:
or had mixed with the European colonizers by 1520. Spain also claimed the
4087:
3913:
3482:
3360:
1158:
1142:
1108:
1018:
994:
826:
810:
777:
526:
435:
91:
4077:
1356:
Independent republic from Spain since 1811, recognized by Spain in 1845
4951:
3685:
2965:
1857:
1486:
The other slavery: The uncovered story of Indian enslavement in America
1332:
1251:
1170:
1078:
1074:
1070:
688:
648:
542:
506:
2100:, 2nd edition. New York: Cambridge University Press 1992, pp. 212-217.
2006:
1721:"Recent Genetic Selection in the Ancestral Admixture of Puerto Ricans"
1508:
3918:
3675:
3575:
3350:
3252:
3186:
2593:
2230:
2199:
1906:
1410:
1215:
1154:
1014:
929:
893:
838:
818:
582:
475:
2110:
4092:
2970:
2388:
2190:
1736:
1130:
933:
897:
876:) were closely tied to the Spanish Caribbean. During the period of
842:
606:
578:
546:
498:
in 1535, the islands of the Caribbean came under its jurisdiction.
303:
2326:
530:
5250:
5221:
3731:
3716:
2873:
1830:"Unravelling the hidden ancestry of American admixed populations"
1118:
797:
793:
616:
522:
175:
4187:
3741:
3736:
3513:
2331:
1126:
562:
144:
2096:
Simon Collier, "The non-Spanish Caribbean islands to 1815" in
5228:
3502:
3166:
2098:
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Latin America and the Caribbean
806:
704:
644:
510:
471:
158:
2065:
1576:
David L. McKee; Don E. Garner; Yosra AbuAmara McKee (1998).
3571:
3486:
976:
916:
Below is a list of islands belonging geographically to the
769:
518:
425:
3464:
2193:
was written in 1694 and discusses the Spanish West Indies
1474:, vol. 2, p. 293. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
592:
557:
Puerto Rico being surrendered in 1898 at the end of the
2140:
González, Hermann; Donis Ríos, Manuel Alberto (1989).
1767:
1615:"Mapping Puerto Rican Heritage with Spit and Genomics"
3219:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
1718:
1827:
1366:
1965:"Dominicans are 49% Black, 39% White and 4% Indian"
1828:Montinaro, Francesco; et al. (24 March 2015).
1502:
533:, the indigenous populations on these islands, had
2139:
1821:
1472:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
5356:1898 disestablishments in the Spanish West Indies
1931:
1509:Douglas A. Phillips; Charles F. Gritzner (2010).
1416:Population history of American indigenous peoples
952:West Indian islands that were under Spanish rule
5277:
2133:
3763:
2117:(in Spanish). Librería de Antonio J. Bastinos.
1555:. New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 176.
1470:Mark A. Burkholder, "Council of the Indies" in
1348:(ceded from British Trinidad in 1942, form the
490:, founded in 1524 and based in Spain. When the
5351:1492 establishments in the Spanish West Indies
1659:
1569:
5346:States and territories disestablished in 1898
3408:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
2889:
2215:
5376:1898 disestablishments in the Spanish Empire
3083:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
2103:
2059:
888:In a modern sense, the Caribbean islands of
501:The islands ruled by Spain were chiefly the
1051:Independent republic from Spain since 1898
881:century these territories were part of the
711:, and finally from Spain at the end of the
5341:States and territories established in 1492
5326:Spanish-speaking countries and territories
2896:
2882:
2222:
2208:
2066:Luis F. Pumarada O'Neill (July 31, 1994),
2000:
1582:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 51.
1540:
926:San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
118:
5371:1492 establishments in the Spanish Empire
5202:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
2635:Caribbean Basin Trade and Partnership Act
2174:(Louisiana State University Press, 2021)
2042:
2032:
1983:
1914:
1895:Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine
1865:
1804:
1794:
1744:
1695:
1685:
5207:Colonial universities in the Philippines
2599:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
1483:
912:Map of the West Indies published in 1899
907:
181:Españoles Antillanos (Spanish Antillean)
5366:1892 disestablishments in North America
4198:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
1993:was invoked but never defined (see the
1546:
14:
5291:Colonial government in the West Indies
5278:
5151:
2229:
2143:Historia de las fronteras de Venezuela
1945:from the original on November 20, 2023
1725:The American Journal of Human Genetics
924:In addition, the Colombian islands of
5150:
5046:
5045:
4169:
4047:
3762:
3621:
3589:
3526:
3463:
3378:
3301:
3241:
3155:
3144:
2916:
2915:
2877:
2675:Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange
2203:
1971:from the original on October 31, 2023
1515:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 36–.
593:Change of sovereignty or independence
5361:1492 establishments in North America
5321:Spanish colonization of the Americas
3479:Captaincy General of the Philippines
2971:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
2775:Central American and Caribbean Games
1426:Spanish colonization of the Americas
1202:, independent from Spain since 1898
747:
5182:Indochristian painting in New Spain
3302:
2281:Baltic-German Caribbean (1654-1689)
1988:
878:Spanish settlement and colonization
841:, as well as love for the sport of
782:Spanish settlement and colonization
24:
4149:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
3622:
2903:
2164:
1653:
685:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
585:(Panama), which were connected by
370:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
25:
5387:
5301:Former countries in the Caribbean
3379:
3242:
3123:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
2181:
2121:from the original on 28 June 2019
2079:from the original on May 16, 2019
1350:Federal Dependencies of Venezuela
5296:Former colonies in North America
5234:Criollos in the colonial society
5162:Spanish missions in the Americas
4284:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
2115:Digital Library of the Caribbean
1989:Cite error: The named reference
1369:
1208:
1101:
1057:
969:
848:The term is used in contrast to
741:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
691:) was ceded to France after the
641:in the Treaty of Madrid in 1670.
478:. In terms of governance of the
402:
398:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
388:
374:
360:
335:
101:
69:
53:
27:Spanish colony from 1492 to 1898
5261:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
3145:
2584:Association of Caribbean States
2443:Latin America and the Caribbean
2090:
1957:
1882:
1761:
1596:from the original on 2022-04-07
1529:from the original on 2022-04-07
1436:Voyages of Christopher Columbus
3590:
3313:Captaincy General of Guatemala
3021:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
1712:
1639:
1607:
1477:
1464:
13:
1:
5212:General Archive of the Indies
4473:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
4144:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
4129:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
3078:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
3031:War of the Spanish Succession
2996:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
2296:Swedish Caribbean (1784–1878)
2271:British Caribbean (1586–1834)
2255:Spanish Caribbean (1492–1898)
1551:. In Strazny, Philipp (ed.).
1457:
1446:Culture of Dominican Republic
4170:
3284:Captaincy General of Yucatan
3214:Union with Holy Roman Empire
3193:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
3108:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
2645:Central banks and currencies
2291:German Caribbean (1685-1693)
2286:Danish Caribbean (1672–1917)
2276:French Caribbean (1625–1817)
1796:10.1371/journal.pone.0016513
1687:10.1371/journal.pone.0016513
7:
4048:
3764:Administrative subdivisions
2961:War of the League of Cognac
2266:Dutch Caribbean (1554–1863)
1553:Encyclopedia of Linguistics
1362:
987:Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago
960:Islands of the West Indies
10:
5392:
4478:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
4463:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
4365:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
3527:
3263:), Western United States (
3156:
3026:Portuguese Restoration War
2640:Caribbean Development Bank
2317:Caribbean Court of Justice
932:, but are not part of the
921:of the Spanish Caribbean.
903:
693:War of the First Coalition
627:in 1655, confirmed in the
5246:Slavery in Spanish Empire
5157:
5146:
5052:
5041:
4939:
4833:
4826:
4711:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4533:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
4443:
4312:
4274:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
4236:
4180:
4176:
4165:
4134:Barcelona Trading Company
4101:
4058:
4054:
4043:
3947:
3899:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
3869:
3811:
3773:
3769:
3758:
3709:
3668:
3632:
3628:
3617:
3596:
3533:
3474:
3406:Venezuela, part of Guyana
3385:
3308:
3259:, Central United States (
3248:
3162:
3151:
3140:
2991:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
2976:Expulsion of the Moriscos
2922:
2911:
2842:
2804:
2795:
2720:
2711:
2692:in the Danish West Indies
2620:
2611:
2569:
2560:
2461:
2381:
2377:
2368:
2304:
2247:
2238:
2075:, National Park Service,
1547:Romaine, Suzanne (2013).
1484:Reséndez, Andrés (2017).
962:
959:
956:
805:Caribbean comes from the
723:Captaincy General of Cuba
717:Second Dominican Republic
713:Dominican Restoration War
701:Republic of Spanish Haiti
509:(inclusive of modern-day
418:
384:Captaincy General of Cuba
314:
302:
288:
284:
271:
254:
250:
240:
236:
224:
212:
200:
196:
186:
174:
164:
150:
140:
129:
117:
85:
49:
44:
32:
5311:History of the Caribbean
5187:Quito painting tradition
5177:Cusco painting tradition
4538:García López de Cárdenas
4528:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
4435:Felipe González de Ahedo
4355:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
2932:Conquest of the Americas
2188:(in English and Spanish)
2013:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1421:Province of Tierra Firme
883:Viceroyalty of New Spain
709:First Dominican Republic
496:Viceroyalty of New Spain
343:Viceroyalty of New Spain
5306:Former Spanish colonies
4972:Comuneros (New Granada)
4749:Balearic Islands (1558)
4468:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
4395:Ruy López de Villalobos
4350:Miguel López de Legazpi
4264:García de Toledo Osorio
3128:Western Sahara conflict
3118:Independence of Morocco
3058:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
3001:Piracy in the Caribbean
2986:French Wars of Religion
2438:Caribbean South America
2034:10.1186/1471-2148-8-213
1386:Antillean Confederation
870:Caribbean South America
764:-speaking areas in the
629:Treaty of Madrid (1670)
5217:Colonial Spanish Horse
4891:Colonia del Sacramento
4114:Spanish treasure fleet
3691:Royal Decree of Graces
2579:Afro-Caribbean leftism
2453:Western Caribbean zone
1512:The Dominican Republic
1451:Culture of Puerto Rico
1327:Islas Los Tortuguillos
1191:Spanish Virgin Islands
1113:Isla de Puerto Rico —
913:
758:Hispanophone Caribbean
569:(Dominican Republic),
529:. The majority of the
38:Las Antillas Españolas
18:Hispanophone Caribbean
4375:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
4335:Juan Sebastián Elcano
3650:Council of the Indies
3011:Spanish–Moro conflict
2981:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
2941:Treaty of Tordesillas
2539:Dependent territories
2356:Territorial evolution
1834:Nature Communications
1039:Colorados Archipelago
911:
488:Council of the Indies
460:Antillas Occidentales
293:Spanish colonial real
151:Common languages
5316:History of New Spain
5172:Mesoamerican Codices
4896:Comuneros (Paraguay)
4734:Siege of Castelnuovo
4320:Christopher Columbus
4139:Consulate of the Sea
4119:Casa de Contratación
3710:Titles and positions
3103:Spanish–American War
3093:Liberal constitution
2936:Asia and the Pacific
2544:World Heritage Sites
2146:. Caracas: Lagoven.
1941:. January 11, 2019.
1007:Jardines de la Reina
850:Anglophone Caribbean
735:1898 Treaty of Paris
731:Spanish–American War
675:invasion of Trinidad
605:in 1643 and then to
559:Spanish–American War
554:Christopher Columbus
458:(also known as "Las
245:Spanish colonization
5286:Spanish West Indies
4901:Cartagena de Indias
4523:Diego de Mazariegos
4493:Pere Fages i Beleta
4360:Sebastián de Ocampo
3841:Provincias Internas
3813:Captaincies General
3727:Municipal president
3696:School of Salamanca
3467:Spanish East Indies
3446:Misiones Orientales
3318:Spanish West Indies
3282:, Central America (
3229:Pyrénées-Orientales
3182:Union with Portugal
3073:Napoleonic invasion
3053:War of Jenkins' Ear
2787:Television stations
2589:Caribbean Community
2025:2008BMCEE...8..213M
1850:2015NatCo...6.6596M
1787:2011PLoSO...616513V
1678:2011PLoSO...616513V
1431:Spanish East Indies
1391:British West Indies
1232:(form the state of
1151:Cayos de Caña Gorda
1035:Cayo Paredón Grande
999:Cayo Los Ensenachos
991:Cayo Blanco del Sur
983:Isla de la Juventud
953:
928:are located in the
733:, concluded by the
703:in 1821, then from
677:, confirmed in the
575:Cartagena de Indias
474:territories in the
448:Spanish West Indies
133:Possessions of the
34:Spanish West Indies
5197:Academia Antártica
5152:Other civil topics
4518:Pánfilo de Narváez
4420:Sebastián Vizcaíno
4385:Andrés de Urdaneta
4345:Juan Ponce de León
4330:Ferdinand Magellan
4304:Bernardo de Gálvez
4203:Indian auxiliaries
3701:Trial of residence
3681:Laws of the Indies
3465:Asia and Oceania (
3326:Dominican Republic
2504:Metropolitan areas
2448:Southern Caribbean
2423:Caribbean Lowlands
2344:Influx of diseases
2176:online book review
1858:10.1038/ncomms7596
1842:Supplementary Data
1406:French West Indies
1396:Danish West Indies
1183:Isleta de San Juan
1065:Dominican Republic
1003:Cayo Largo del Sur
951:
914:
774:Dominican Republic
729:in 1898 after the
715:in 1865, when the
635:The Cayman Islands
613:Colony of Santiago
515:Dominican Republic
464:Antillas Españolas
431:Dominican Republic
5273:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5142:
5141:
5047:Spanish conquests
5037:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5024:
4822:
4821:
4503:Pedro de Alvarado
4488:Gaspar de Portolà
4483:Pedro de Valdivia
4458:Francisco Pizarro
4410:Nicolás de Ovando
4405:Alonso de Ercilla
4380:Alonso de Salazar
4213:Ships of the line
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3585:
3584:
3542:Northern Africa (
3538:Equatorial Guinea
3522:
3521:
3459:
3458:
3374:
3373:
3297:
3296:
3288:Spanish Caribbean
3261:Spanish Louisiana
3237:
3236:
3172:Crown of Castille
3136:
3135:
3113:Spanish Civil War
3088:Adams–Onís Treaty
3068:Nootka Convention
3016:Thirty Years' War
3006:Eighty Years' War
2927:Catholic Monarchs
2917:Timeline–immersed
2871:
2870:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2707:
2706:
2607:
2606:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2364:
2363:
2322:Indigenous people
1589:978-1-56720-138-3
1562:978-1-135-45522-4
1522:978-1-60413-618-0
1495:978-0-544-94710-8
1401:Dutch West Indies
1360:
1359:
1353:
1330:
1299:
1237:
1221:Isla de Margarita
957:Political entity
896:, but not in the
786:Caribbean Spanish
754:Spanish Caribbean
748:Spanish Caribbean
657:Treaty of Ryswick
462:" or simply "Las
452:Spanish Caribbean
444:
443:
414:
413:
410:
409:
348:
347:
226:• 1896–1898
214:• 1492–1504
202:• 1492–1504
169:Roman Catholicism
110:
98:
16:(Redirected from
5383:
5148:
5147:
5114:Chibchan Nations
5043:
5042:
5012:Santiago de Cuba
4871:Guadalupe Island
4831:
4830:
4558:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4513:Diego de Almagro
4390:Antonio de Ulloa
4294:Ambrosio Spinola
4289:Pedro de Zubiaur
4259:Alfonso d'Avalos
4249:Antonio de Leyva
4193:Army of Flanders
4178:
4177:
4167:
4166:
4056:
4055:
4045:
4044:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3759:
3630:
3629:
3619:
3618:
3587:
3586:
3560:Peñón of Algiers
3524:
3523:
3461:
3460:
3376:
3375:
3299:
3298:
3281:
3239:
3238:
3153:
3152:
3142:
3141:
3063:Seven Years' War
3036:Queen Anne's War
2913:
2912:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2875:
2874:
2851:
2802:
2801:
2735:Caribbean people
2718:
2717:
2618:
2617:
2567:
2566:
2534:Sovereign states
2514:Populated places
2414:Windward Islands
2409:Leeward Antilles
2394:Greater Antilles
2379:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2245:
2244:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2189:
2158:
2157:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2107:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2074:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1907:10.1002/mgg3.224
1886:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1649:. July 19, 2017.
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1627:on March 4, 2016
1623:. Archived from
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1481:
1475:
1468:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1347:
1320:
1249:
1231:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1031:Cayo Santa María
975:
973:
972:
954:
950:
862:Hispanic America
854:French Caribbean
752:Today, the term
725:was lost to the
679:Treaty of Amiens
669:was captured by
503:Greater Antilles
494:established the
456:Spanish Antilles
406:
405:
392:
391:
378:
377:
364:
363:
352:
351:
339:
338:
332:
331:
316:
315:
280:10 December 1898
122:
112:
111:
96:
73:
57:
30:
29:
21:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5265:
5241:Old inquisition
5153:
5138:
5048:
5021:
4977:Trinidad (1797)
4947:La Noche Triste
4935:
4931:San Juan (1797)
4881:San Juan (1595)
4818:
4707:
4547:Notable battles
4542:
4508:Martín de Ursúa
4439:
4370:Alonso de Ojeda
4340:Juan de la Cosa
4325:Pinzón brothers
4308:
4279:John of Austria
4254:Martín de Goiti
4232:
4172:
4153:
4097:
4050:
4031:
3943:
3939:Terra Australis
3934:Río de la Plata
3879:Castilla de Oro
3865:
3807:
3803:Río de la Plata
3765:
3746:
3705:
3664:
3660:Santa Hermandad
3624:
3605:
3601:Terra Australis
3592:
3581:
3548:Spanish Morocco
3529:
3518:
3509:Northern Taiwan
3470:
3455:
3426:Río de la Plata
3381:
3370:
3304:
3303:Central America
3293:
3275:
3244:
3233:
3177:Crown of Aragon
3158:
3147:
3132:
3048:Bourbon Reforms
2918:
2907:
2902:
2872:
2867:
2854:
2847:
2830:
2791:
2703:
2670:Stock exchanges
2603:
2548:
2457:
2428:Caribbean Plate
2404:Leeward Islands
2399:Lesser Antilles
2360:
2300:
2234:
2228:
2187:
2184:
2167:
2165:Further reading
2162:
2161:
2154:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2005:
2001:
1990:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1887:
1883:
1826:
1822:
1766:
1762:
1717:
1713:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1597:
1590:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1441:Culture of Cuba
1375:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1209:
1207:
1179:Isla de Ratones
1135:Caja de Muertos
1102:
1100:
1058:
1056:
981:Isla de Cuba —
970:
968:
906:
866:Spanish Florida
858:Dutch Caribbean
768:, specifically
750:
719:was proclaimed.
707:in 1844 as the
651:) was ceded to
599:The Bay Islands
595:
573:(Puerto Rico),
539:Lesser Antilles
440:
403:
389:
375:
361:
336:
277:
275:Treaty of Paris
267:12 October 1492
264:
227:
215:
203:
125:
113:
102:
99:
95:
81:
80:
79:
74:
66:
65:
62:
58:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5389:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5057:Canary Islands
5053:
5050:
5049:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4911:Túpac Amaru II
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4856:Bogotá savanna
4853:
4848:
4843:
4837:
4835:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4764:Spanish Armada
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4658:White Mountain
4655:
4653:Cape Celidonia
4650:
4648:English Armada
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4425:Juan Fernández
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4400:Diego Columbus
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4228:Army of Africa
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4208:Spanish Armada
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4109:Manila galleon
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4064:
4062:
4052:
4051:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3767:
3766:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3626:
3625:
3623:Administration
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3544:Western Sahara
3540:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3442:Banda Oriental
3423:
3409:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3257:Coastal Alaska
3249:
3246:
3245:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2909:
2908:
2905:Spanish Empire
2901:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2767:
2765:Radio stations
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2481:
2479:Extreme points
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2396:
2385:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2319:
2314:
2312:Afro-Caribbean
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233: articles
2227:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2183:
2182:External links
2180:
2179:
2178:
2170:Altman, Ida.
2166:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2132:
2111:"Las Antillas"
2102:
2089:
2058:
1999:
1982:
1956:
1930:
1901:(3): 243–256.
1881:
1820:
1760:
1737:10.1086/520769
1731:(3): 626–633.
1711:
1652:
1638:
1606:
1588:
1568:
1561:
1539:
1521:
1501:
1494:
1476:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
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1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1323:Cayo Herradura
1218:
1204:
1203:
1193:
1175:Isla Palominos
1163:Cayo Luis Peña
1139:Isla de Cabras
1111:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1091:Cayo Levantado
1067:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1011:Cayo Guillermo
979:
965:
964:
961:
958:
905:
902:
823:Canary Islands
815:Central Africa
760:refers to the
749:
746:
745:
744:
738:
720:
682:
664:
661:Saint-Domingue
642:
637:were ceded to
632:
610:
601:were ceded to
594:
591:
587:galleon routes
581:(Mexico), and
480:Spanish Empire
442:
441:
439:
438:
433:
428:
422:
420:
416:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
400:
394:
393:
386:
380:
379:
372:
366:
365:
358:
356:Era de Francia
349:
346:
345:
340:
328:
327:
322:
312:
311:
306:
300:
299:
297:Spanish dollar
290:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
272:
269:
268:
265:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
242:
241:Historical era
238:
237:
234:
233:
228:
225:
222:
221:
216:
213:
210:
209:
204:
201:
198:
197:
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190:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
135:Spanish Empire
131:
127:
126:
123:
115:
114:
100:
83:
82:
75:
68:
67:
59:
52:
51:
50:
47:
46:
42:
41:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5388:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5331:Latin America
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5192:Tapada limeña
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5149:
5145:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5044:
5040:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:Montes Claros
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:Vienna (1529)
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:Hernán Cortés
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4445:Conquistadors
4442:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4415:Juan de Ayala
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Duke of Savoy
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4168:
4164:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:Dollar (Peso)
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4042:
4028:
4027:Santo Domingo
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:New Andalusia
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3851:Santo Domingo
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3775:Viceroyalties
3772:
3768:
3761:
3757:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3616:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3588:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3525:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3380:South America
3377:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3300:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3265:Spanish Texas
3262:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3243:North America
3240:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:Franche-Comté
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Caribbean Sea
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2186:
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1288:Dos Mosquises
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1280:Cayo Carenero
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766:Caribbean Sea
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417:
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304:ISO 3166 code
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128:
121:
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97:"Royal March"
94:
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88:
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72:
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5167:Architecture
5062:The Americas
4926:Newfoundland
4916:Túpac Katari
4906:Cuerno Verde
4841:Tenochtitlan
4673:Valenciennes
4430:Luis Fajardo
4299:Blas de Lezo
4244:Duke of Alba
4124:Spanish Road
3962:Buenos Aires
3871:Governorates
3640:Ayuntamiento
3633:Organization
3317:
3287:
3098:Carlist Wars
2946:Italian Wars
2814:Pre-Arawakan
2797:Demographics
2262:(1500s–1830)
2254:
2171:
2142:
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2114:
2105:
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2092:
2081:, retrieved
2068:
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1985:
1975:November 30,
1973:. Retrieved
1959:
1949:November 30,
1947:. Retrieved
1933:
1898:
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1837:
1833:
1823:
1778:
1774:
1763:
1728:
1724:
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1655:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1625:the original
1620:Live Science
1618:
1609:
1598:. Retrieved
1578:
1571:
1552:
1542:
1531:. Retrieved
1511:
1504:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1377:Spain portal
1341:Los Testigos
1302:Los Hermanos
1284:Cayo de Agua
1196:Commonwealth
1147:Isla Cardona
1027:Cayo Sabinal
1023:Cayo Guajaba
938:Spanish Main
923:
915:
887:
874:Spanish Main
847:
803:
790:
757:
753:
751:
577:(Colombia),
551:
500:
483:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
445:
325:Succeeded by
324:
319:
262:San Salvador
231:Alfonso XIII
207:Ferdinand II
180:
90:
86:
77:Coat of arms
37:
5134:Philippines
5099:El Salvador
4719:Capo d'Orso
4603:St. Quentin
4578:Rome (1527)
4237:Strategists
3987:Guadalajara
3914:New Navarre
3909:New Castile
3894:La Luisiana
3846:Puerto Rico
3836:Philippines
3793:New Granada
3483:Philippines
3444:(Uruguay),
3440:(Bolivia),
3390:New Granada
3330:Puerto Rico
3276: [
3146:Territories
2966:Encomiendas
2474:Earthquakes
1631:October 26,
1549:"Caribbean"
1306:Los Frailes
1296:Cayo Grande
1143:Cayo Batata
1109:Puerto Rico
1047:Cayo Blanco
1043:Cayo Saetía
1019:Cayo Romano
995:Cayo Levisa
946:New Granada
940:(initially
778:Puerto Rico
673:during the
527:Puerto Rico
436:Puerto Rico
320:Preceded by
92:Marcha Real
63:(1843–1898)
5280:Categories
4804:Somosierra
4794:Manila Bay
4668:Nördlingen
4608:Gravelines
4088:Columnario
4060:Currencies
3977:Concepción
3949:Audiencias
3924:New Toledo
3889:La Florida
3722:Corregidor
3686:Papal bull
3591:Antarctica
3499:Micronesia
2956:Golden Age
2821:Population
2750:Literature
2339:Hurricanes
2019:(1): 213.
1600:2020-08-25
1533:2020-11-21
1458:References
1333:La Orchila
1318:La Tortuga
1260:Isla Larga
1256:Francisquí
1252:Gran Roque
1247:Los Roques
1239:Los Monjes
1171:Cayo Norte
1071:Hispaniola
689:Hispaniola
649:Hispaniola
507:Hispaniola
484:The Indies
260:landed in
219:Isabella I
176:Demonym(s)
5336:New Spain
5109:Nicaragua
5087:Guatemala
4997:Pichincha
4982:Chacabuco
4921:Pensacola
4866:Mataquito
4846:Cajamarca
4827:New World
4799:Trafalgar
4703:Alhucemas
4583:Landriano
4568:Comuneros
4554:Old World
4498:Joan Orpí
4218:Royalists
3992:Guatemala
3919:New Spain
3856:Venezuela
3831:Guatemala
3788:New Spain
3783:Columbian
3676:Exequatur
3576:Cape Juby
3430:Argentina
3253:New Spain
3187:Gibraltar
2951:Habsburgs
2826:Religions
2809:Languages
2740:Carnivals
2655:Companies
2594:CARIFORUM
2574:Democracy
2509:Mountains
2499:Cetaceans
2469:Bioregion
2370:Geography
2231:Caribbean
2083:March 10,
1995:help page
1991:admixture
1411:New Spain
1268:Madrisquí
1264:Nordisquí
1216:Venezuela
1155:Culebrita
1087:Alto Velo
1015:Cayo Coco
942:Guatemala
930:Caribbean
894:Caribbean
872:(cf. the
839:Reggaeton
819:Andalusia
687:(eastern
659:in 1697 (
647:(western
583:Portobelo
543:Guadalupe
541:(such as
476:Caribbean
165:Religion
45:1492–1898
5119:Colombia
5104:Honduras
5017:Asomante
5002:Ayacucho
4992:Carabobo
4967:Curalaba
4744:Ceresole
4638:Gembloux
4598:Mühlberg
4313:Mariners
4171:Military
4093:Doubloon
4078:Maravedí
4022:Santiago
3929:Paraguay
3655:Germania
3495:Caroline
3450:Malvinas
3434:Paraguay
3394:Colombia
3336:Trinidad
3203:Sardinia
3043:Bourbons
2858:Category
2782:Stadiums
2630:Airports
2625:Airlines
2562:Politics
2462:By topic
2389:Antilles
2305:By topic
2248:Timeline
2119:Archived
2077:archived
2053:18644108
1969:Archived
1943:Archived
1925:27247952
1876:25803618
1815:21304981
1775:PLOS ONE
1755:17701908
1706:21304981
1666:PLOS ONE
1594:Archived
1527:Archived
1363:See also
1292:Cayo Sal
1243:Las Aves
1131:Desecheo
1083:Catalina
1069:Eastern
944:, later
934:Antilles
898:Antilles
890:Colombia
868:and the
843:Baseball
831:Merengue
821:and the
798:mestizos
794:mulattos
681:in 1802.
667:Trinidad
621:captured
609:in 1861.
607:Honduras
579:Veracruz
571:San Juan
565:(Cuba),
547:Dominica
535:died out
513:and the
289:Currency
258:Columbus
5251:Asiento
5222:Mustang
5082:Yucatán
5077:Chiapas
4957:Tucapel
4789:Passaro
4739:Algiers
4729:Preveza
4698:Tetouan
4693:Vitoria
4683:Bitonto
4623:Antwerp
4618:Lepanto
4573:Bicocca
4049:Economy
3972:Charcas
3967:Caracas
3861:Yucatán
3732:Regidor
3717:Alcalde
3645:Cabildo
3552:Tripoli
3491:Mariana
3438:Charcas
3414:(Peru,
3398:Ecuador
3361:Bonaire
3356:Curazao
3341:Jamaica
3269:Florida
2849:Outline
2745:Cuisine
2713:Culture
2699:Tourism
2687:in Cuba
2660:Fishing
2613:Economy
2494:Mammals
2488:by area
2484:Islands
2382:Regions
2349:Malaria
2240:History
2125:28 June
2044:2492877
2021:Bibcode
1916:4867558
1867:4374169
1846:Bibcode
1806:3031579
1783:Bibcode
1746:1950843
1697:3031579
1674:Bibcode
1314:La Sola
1272:Crasquí
1229:Cubagua
1198:of the
1119:Vieques
1115:Culebra
963:Status
918:Greater
904:Islands
835:Bachata
762:Spanish
699:as the
671:Britain
655:in the
639:England
625:England
617:Jamaica
603:England
523:Jamaica
472:Spanish
470:) were
468:Spanish
454:or the
273:•
256:•
188:Monarch
155:Spanish
141:Capital
87:Anthem:
5229:Castas
4987:Boyacá
4962:Guiana
4952:Iguape
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4814:Mactan
4809:Annual
4774:Rocroi
4769:Leiden
4754:Djerba
4688:Bailén
4643:Ostend
4628:Azores
4223:Legión
4188:Tercio
4181:Armies
4083:Escudo
4012:Panamá
4007:Mexico
4002:Manila
3957:Bogotá
3742:Vecino
3737:Syndic
3568:Béjaïa
3528:Africa
3514:Tidore
3402:Panama
3366:Belize
3273:Mexico
3199:Sicily
3195:Naples
3157:Europe
2863:Portal
2760:Poetry
2665:Hotels
2650:Citrus
2529:Ultras
2519:Rivers
2332:Arawak
2260:Piracy
2150:
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4851:Cusco
4779:Downs
4759:Tunis
4678:Ceuta
4663:Breda
4613:Malta
4593:Tunis
4588:Pavia
4102:Trade
4017:Quito
3982:Cusco
3821:Chile
3556:Tunis
3503:Palau
3420:Chile
3351:Aruba
3346:Haiti
3280:]
3209:Milan
3167:Spain
2770:Sport
2755:Music
2682:Sugar
2524:Trees
2327:Taíno
2073:(pdf)
1345:Patos
1225:Coche
1079:Beata
1075:Saona
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807:Taino
705:Haiti
697:Spain
645:Haiti
531:Taíno
511:Haiti
492:Crown
466:" in
159:Taino
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5007:Guam
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4712:Lost
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2127:2019
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1872:PMID
1811:PMID
1751:PMID
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813:and
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2029:doi
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