40:
867:
1280:
855:
1140:
with his dynamic, change-oriented, and innovation-based economics. Although his writings could be critical of the school, Schumpeter's work on the role of innovation and entrepreneurship can be seen as a continuation of ideas originated by the historical school, especially the work of von
Schmoller
926:
that emerged in the 19th century in
Germany, and held sway there until well into the 20th century. The professors involved compiled massive economic histories of Germany and Europe. Numerous Americans were their students. The school was opposed by theoretical economists. Prominent leaders included
951:
was the key source of knowledge about human actions and economic matters, since economics was culture-specific, and hence not generalizable over space and time. The school rejected the universal validity of economic
1055:
Ministry of
Education 1882–1907, had studied under members of the school. Moreover, Prussia was the intellectual powerhouse of Germany, so dominated academia, not only in central Europe, but also in the
1136:
After 1930 the historical school declined or disappeared in most economics departments. It lingered in history departments and business schools. The major influence in the 1930s and 1940s was
1643:
Campagnolo, Gilles, and
Christel Vivel. "Before Schumpeter: forerunners of the theory of the entrepreneur in 1900s German political economy – Werner Sombart, Friedrich von Wieser."
1526:
Rudolf
Richter, "Bridging Old and New Institutional Economics: Gustav Schmoller, Leader of the Younger German Historical School, Seen with Neoinstitutionalists' Eyes." in
1090:(1860–1927) introduced British scholars to the historical school as developed in Germany. In the United States the school influenced the institutional economists, such as
1082:(1823–1890) was the Tooke Professor of Statistics and Economic Science at King's College London, from 1859 until his death. He is best known for compiling the monumental
1444:
1815:
2108:
1129:
holds that Canada's culture, political history and economy have been decisively influenced by the exploitation and export of a series of "staples" such as
1244:. This school revered the inductive process and called for the merging of historical fact with those of the present period. Included in this school are:
1569:
Avtonomov, Vladimir, and Georgy
Gloveli. (2015) "The influence of the German Historical School on economic theory and economic thought in Russia."
1314:
956:. They saw economics as resulting from careful empirical and historical analysis instead of from logic and mathematics. The school also rejected
1133:, fishing, lumber, wheat, mined metals and coal. The staple thesis dominated economic history in Canada 1930s–1960s, and is still used by some.
1686:
Methodology of the Social
Sciences, Ethics, and Economics in the Newer Historical School: From Max Weber and Rickert to Sombart and Rothacker
1060:
until about 1900, because the
American economics profession was led by holders of German PhDs. The historical school was involved in the
897:
829:
2422:
1808:
2641:
2101:
2051:
2636:
967:(social policy advocates), i.e. concerned with social reform and improved conditions for the common man during a period of heavy
1047:
The historical school largely controlled appointments to chairs of economics in German universities, as many of the advisors of
2231:
2056:
1229:
1223:
1801:
1404:
1261:
2540:
2094:
1703:
1441:
1098:(1862–1945). More importantly, numerous aspiring economists undertook graduate studies at German universities, including
1087:
2510:
1472:
Richard R. John, "Elaborations, Revisions, Dissents: Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.'s, The
Visible Hand After Twenty Years."
1498:
1372:
1345:
2575:
1710:
The Theory of
Capitalism in the German Economic Tradition: Historism, Ordo-Liberalism, Critical Theory, Solidarism
1883:
890:
1265:
1240:. This school heavily critiqued the deductive approach of the classical economists, especially the writings of
2565:
2360:
2271:
2209:
1979:
228:
2355:
1677:
Grimmer-Solem, Erik, and Roberto Romani. "The historical school, 1870–1900: A cross-national reassessment."
490:
2515:
2468:
2136:
1996:
1580:
The encyclopedia of social reform: including political economy, political science, sociology and statistics
2570:
2485:
2458:
2345:
2276:
2199:
2117:
2021:
839:
59:
49:
2490:
2478:
2006:
883:
833:
363:
353:
1249:
243:
1552:
Manfred Prisching, "Understanding inescapable modernization: Werner Sombart and Joseph Schumpeter."
1539:
Manfred Prisching, "Understanding inescapable modernization: Werner Sombart and Joseph Schumpeter."
2495:
2412:
2350:
2131:
1309:
812:
550:
505:
358:
127:
71:
1364:
The Soul of the German Historical School: Methodological Essays on Schmoller, Weber and Schumpeter
565:
2600:
2520:
2417:
2407:
2395:
2385:
2158:
1903:
1303:
1142:
515:
323:
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263:
170:
93:
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2338:
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1959:
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1115:
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500:
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318:
258:
238:
233:
1624:
Essays in Social Security and Taxation. Gustav von Schmoller and Adolph Wagner Reconsidered.
2610:
2590:
2530:
2365:
2313:
2001:
1969:
1929:
1888:
1185:
1145:(1918–2007), had a major impact on approaching business issues through historical studies.
1002:
928:
915:
570:
392:
343:
308:
248:
213:
117:
107:
54:
1863:
1660:
Dorfman, Joseph. "The role of the German historical school in American economic thought."
1175:
1006:
8:
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2390:
2323:
2293:
2219:
2214:
2181:
1944:
796:
605:
427:
368:
293:
283:
253:
180:
88:
1638:
Not by theory alone...: The Economics of Gustav von Schmoller and Its Legacy to America.
1337:
The German Historical School in American Scholarship: A Study in the Transfer of Culture
465:
2375:
2318:
2026:
1588:
957:
824:
780:
585:
422:
417:
397:
348:
288:
278:
223:
218:
190:
185:
155:
23:
1693:
How economics forgot history. The problem of historical specificity in social science.
2585:
2505:
2443:
2436:
2266:
2074:
1893:
1878:
1715:
Lindenfeld, David F. (1993). "The Myth of the Older Historical School of Economics."
1494:
1368:
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1210:
1137:
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432:
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378:
150:
145:
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1990:
1934:
1898:
1868:
1755:
The German Historical School: The Historical and Ethical Approach to Economics.
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1103:
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412:
102:
98:
2086:
1838:
1615:
Backhaus, Jürgen G. (1994), ed. "Gustav Schmoller and the Problems of Today".
1490:
The German Historical School: The Historical and Ethical Approach to Economics
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1010:
525:
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2545:
2500:
2463:
2251:
2141:
2036:
2031:
1908:
1788:
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Pearson, Heath. "Was there really a German historical school of economics?."
1650:
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755:
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580:
485:
388:
1743:
Schumpeter, J. A. (1984). "History of Economic Analysis". London: Routledge.
39:
2226:
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1984:
1949:
1873:
1228:
Although not nearly as famous as its German counterpart, there was also an
1205:
1122:
1111:
871:
785:
730:
625:
615:
610:
535:
83:
2261:
2176:
1672:
The Rise of Historical Economics and Social Reform in Germany, 1864–1894.
760:
750:
540:
175:
1655:
Kicking Away the Ladder. Development Strategy in Historical Perspective.
1094:(1857–1929) and especially the Wisconsin school of labor history led by
1078:
The historical school had a significant impact on Britain, 1860s–1930s.
2431:
2333:
2166:
1964:
1858:
1665:
1425:
1170:
991:
670:
470:
2580:
2062:
1974:
1913:
1298:
1200:
1130:
1033:
932:
919:
520:
451:
31:
1631:
Karl Bücher: Theory – History – Anthropology – Non Market Economies.
2605:
2241:
1459:
W.T. Easterbrook and M. H. Watkins, eds. "The Staple Approach" in
1485:
Jun Kobayashi, "Karl Knies's conception of political economy." in
1776:
Strategies of Economic Order. German Economic Discourse 1750–1950
1052:
953:
948:
1740:
2 vols. From the 13th (1877) German edition. Chicago: Callaghan.
1731:
How Rich Countries Got Rich ... and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor
1084:
A History of Agriculture and Prices in England from 1259 to 1793
1769:
Governing Economy. The Reformation of German Economic Discourse
1279:
854:
1515:
Crises and Cycles in Economic Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias
1073:
982:
The historical school can be divided into three tendencies:
975:, rendered in English as "socialists of the chair" (compare
1688:
Ed. Peter Koslowski. Springer Science & Business Media.
1070:, whose orientation was more theoretical and aprioristic.
1571:
The German Historical School and European Economic Thought
1513:
Harald Hagemann, "Wilhelm Roscher's crises theory." in
1121:
Canadian scholars influenced by the school were led by
1086:(7 vol. 1866–1902), which is still useful to scholars.
1530:(Springer International Publishing, 2015) pp: 135-160.
1275:
1645:
European Journal of the History of Economic Thought
1823:
1576:
1306:, a related school developed in the United States
2628:
1315:Productivity improving technologies (historical)
2116:
1778:(Cambridge University Press) (Republished 2006)
1486:
1360:
971:. They were more disparagingly referred to as
939:(1883–1950) in Austria and the United States.
2102:
1809:
1463:. (Carleton University Press, 1984) pp. 1–98.
891:
1700:Historians, Economists, and Economic History
1438:Historians, Economists, and Economic History
1051:, head of the university department in the
2109:
2095:
1816:
1802:
1733:. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers.
1074:Influence in Britain and the United States
898:
884:
979:), due to their positions as professors.
2052:Three-component theory of stratification
1762:The Soul of the German Historical School
1712:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1420:W. J. Ashley, "James E. Thorold Rogers"
1389:The Soul of the German Historical School
1148:
1461:Approaches to Canadian Economic History
1032:and including, to a very large extent,
2629:
2057:Tripartite classification of authority
1333:
1224:English historical school of economics
2272:Marxian critique of political economy
2090:
1797:
1528:Essays on New Institutional Economics
963:Most members of the school were also
1340:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
13:
1563:
14:
2653:
1782:
1554:Journal of Evolutionary Economics
1541:Journal of Evolutionary Economics
1217:
2642:19th century in economic history
2576:History of macroeconomic thought
2401:Neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis
1738:Principles of Political Economy.
1640:(Berlin: Duncker & Humblot).
1629:Backhaus, Jürgen G. (2000), ed.
1622:Backhaus, Jürgen G. (1997), ed.
1278:
1066:("strife over method") with the
947:The historical school held that
865:
853:
38:
1636:Balabkins, Nicholas W. (1988).
1546:
1533:
1520:
1507:
1310:German Historical School of Law
140:Concepts, theory and techniques
2637:Historical school of economics
1825:Historical school of economics
1789:New School for Social Research
1708:Koslowski, Peter, ed. (2013).
1479:
1466:
1453:
1430:
1414:
1394:
1381:
1354:
1327:
912:historical school of economics
16:Approach to academic economics
1:
2566:Critique of political economy
1771:(Cambridge University Press).
1753:Shionoya, Yuichi (2001), ed.
1695:London – New York: Routledge.
1691:Hodgson, Geoffrey M. (2001).
1320:
2474:Rational expectations theory
1997:Methodological individualism
1724:History of Political Economy
1670:Grimmer-Solem, Erik (2003).
1619:, vols. I/1993/3, II/1994/1.
1125:(1894–1952) at Toronto. His
935:(1864–1920) in Germany, and
7:
2571:History of economic thought
2118:Schools of economic thought
1746:Seligman, Edwin A. (1925).
1612:6th ed. New York, NY: Holt.
1493:. Routledge. p. 54ff.
1422:Political Science Quarterly
1271:
10:
2658:
2491:New neoclassical synthesis
2479:Real business-cycle theory
2007:National innovation system
1674:(Oxford University Press).
1577:Bliss, W.D.P. ed. (1898).
1387:Shionoya, Yuichi. (2005).
1221:
2558:
2302:
2190:
2157:
2150:
2124:
2047:Theory of business cycles
1922:
1831:
1760:Shionoya, Yuichi (2005),
1679:History of European Ideas
1617:History of Economic Ideas
1402:Friedrich List, 1789–1846
1232:, whose figures included
1230:English historical school
942:
1717:Central European History
1662:American Economic Review
1487:Yuichi Shionoya (2002).
1361:Yuichi Shionoya (2005).
1334:Herbst, Jurgen (1965) .
128:JEL classification codes
2601:Post-autistic economics
1904:Heinrich von Treitschke
1474:Business History Review
1304:Institutional economics
1143:Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.
314:Industrial organization
171:Computational economics
2339:Modern Monetary Theory
2012:Philosophy of identity
1960:Fictitious commodities
1955:Enlightened absolutism
1729:Reinert, Erik (2007).
1681:24.4–5 (1998): 267–99.
1040:Predecessors included
977:armchair revolutionary
958:mathematical modelling
166:Experimental economics
2423:Keynes–Marx synthesis
2042:Theory of Bureaucracy
2017:Protestant work ethic
1980:Laspeyres price index
1854:Georg Friedrich Knapp
1844:Johann Gustav Droysen
1698:Kadish, Alon (2012).
1610:Industrial Evolution.
1608:Bücher, Karl (1927).
1476:71:2 (1997): 151–200.
1222:Further information:
1166:Georg Friedrich Knapp
1149:Members of the school
1116:Frank William Taussig
1028:the Youngest, led by
1019:Georg Friedrich Knapp
1005:, and also including
924:public administration
2611:World-systems theory
2591:Mainstream economics
2531:Technocracy movement
2511:Saltwater/freshwater
2002:Monopoly on violence
1970:Innovation economics
1930:Creative destruction
1889:Gustav von Schmoller
1774:Tribe, Keith (1995)
1767:Tribe, Keith (1988)
1750:New York: Macmillan.
1748:Essays in Economics.
1726:31.3 (1999): 547–62.
1647:19.6 (2012): 908–43.
1633:Marburg: Metropolis.
1626:Marburg: Metropolis.
1424:(1889) pp. 381–407.
1186:Gustav von Schmoller
1003:Gustav von Schmoller
1001:the Younger, led by
929:Gustav von Schmoller
393:Social choice theory
2596:Heterodox economics
2324:Capability approach
2200:American (National)
2182:School of Salamanca
1945:Economistic fallacy
1684:Hauk, A. M. (2012)
1583:. pp. 1039 ff.
1021:and to some extent
973:Kathedersozialisten
860:Business portal
181:Operations research
161:National accounting
2232:English historical
2027:Schumpeterian rent
1736:Roscher, Wilhelm.
1599:has generic name (
1447:2016-02-01 at the
1407:2009-01-04 at the
1266:William Cunningham
986:the Older, led by
191:Industrial complex
186:Middle income trap
2624:
2623:
2586:Political economy
2554:
2553:
2486:New institutional
2459:Neo-Schumpeterian
2267:Marxist economics
2247:German historical
2084:
2083:
2075:Werturteilsstreit
1894:Joseph Schumpeter
1879:Leopold von Ranke
1864:Étienne Laspeyres
1556:25.1 (2015): 185+
1543:25.1 (2015): 185+
1391:. Springer, p. 1.
1268:, to name a few.
1211:Joseph Schumpeter
1176:Étienne Laspeyres
1138:Joseph Schumpeter
1049:Friedrich Althoff
1007:Étienne Laspeyres
969:industrialization
937:Joseph Schumpeter
931:(1838–1917), and
908:
907:
2649:
2616:Economic systems
2155:
2154:
2137:Medieval Islamic
2111:
2104:
2097:
2088:
2087:
1849:Bruno Hildebrand
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1537:
1531:
1524:
1518:
1517:130 (2013): 197.
1511:
1505:
1504:
1483:
1477:
1470:
1464:
1457:
1451:
1440:(2012) pp. 3–35
1434:
1428:
1418:
1412:
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1392:
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1379:
1378:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1331:
1288:
1286:economics portal
1283:
1282:
1161:Bruno Hildebrand
1100:John Bates Clark
1092:Thorstein Veblen
996:Bruno Hildebrand
900:
893:
886:
872:Money portal
870:
869:
868:
858:
857:
354:Natural resource
146:Economic systems
42:
19:
18:
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2550:
2536:Thermoeconomics
2307:21st centuries)
2306:
2304:
2298:
2186:
2146:
2132:Ancient schools
2120:
2115:
2085:
2080:
2022:Rationalization
1940:Double movement
1918:
1884:Wilhelm Roscher
1827:
1822:
1785:
1664:(1955): 17–28.
1657:London: Anthem.
1596:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1566:
1564:Further reading
1561:
1560:
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1538:
1534:
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1454:
1449:Wayback Machine
1435:
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1409:Wayback Machine
1399:
1395:
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1359:
1355:
1348:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1294:Freiburg school
1284:
1277:
1274:
1246:William Whewell
1238:Herbert Spencer
1226:
1220:
1215:
1181:Wilhelm Roscher
1151:
1096:John R. Commons
1076:
1068:Austrian school
988:Wilhelm Roscher
965:Sozialpolitiker
945:
904:
866:
864:
852:
845:
844:
815:
805:
804:
803:
802:
566:von Böhm-Bawerk
454:
443:
442:
204:
196:
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151:Economic growth
141:
133:
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72:classifications
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2496:Organizational
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2488:
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2476:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2444:Neo-Malthusian
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2420:
2410:
2405:
2404:
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2361:Disequilibrium
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2351:Constitutional
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2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1991:Methodenstreit
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1935:Disenchantment
1932:
1926:
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1920:
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1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1899:Werner Sombart
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:Friedrich List
1866:
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1856:
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1821:
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1783:External links
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1772:
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1734:
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1651:Chang, Ha-Joon
1648:
1641:
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1301:
1296:
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1273:
1270:
1262:Arnold Toynbee
1258:Thorold Rogers
1254:Walter Bagehot
1219:
1218:English school
1216:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1191:Werner Sombart
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1127:staples thesis
1108:Jeremiah Jenks
1104:Richard T. Ely
1088:William Ashley
1080:Thorold Rogers
1075:
1072:
1063:Methodenstreit
1042:Friedrich List
1038:
1037:
1030:Werner Sombart
1026:
999:
944:
941:
906:
905:
903:
902:
895:
888:
880:
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862:
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837:
827:
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793:
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583:
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366:
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359:Organizational
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203:By application
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28:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2654:
2643:
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2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2546:Social credit
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:Structuralist
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:Public choice
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2469:New classical
2467:
2465:
2464:Neoliberalism
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Neo-Ricardian
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2421:
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2409:
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2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:Institutional
2384:
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2379:
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2357:
2354:
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2255:
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2250:
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2240:
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2225:
2221:
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2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2142:Scholasticism
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2100:
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2077:
2076:
2072:
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2065:
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2040:
2038:
2037:Substantivism
2035:
2033:
2032:Social action
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2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
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1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
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1973:
1971:
1968:
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1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:Contributions
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Adolph Wagner
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
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1725:
1721:
1719:26#4: 405–16.
1718:
1714:
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1597:|author=
1590:
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1500:9781134620456
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1436:Alon Kadish,
1433:
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1423:
1417:
1411:. New School.
1410:
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1374:9780387230832
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1255:
1251:
1250:Richard Jones
1247:
1243:
1242:David Ricardo
1239:
1235:
1234:Francis Bacon
1231:
1225:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1196:Adolph Wagner
1194:
1192:
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1172:
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1164:
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1159:
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1153:
1146:
1144:
1141:and Sombart.
1139:
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1058:United States
1054:
1050:
1045:
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1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:Lujo Brentano
1020:
1016:
1015:Adolph Wagner
1012:
1008:
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482:
479:
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469:
467:
464:
462:
461:de Mandeville
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453:
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396:
394:
390:
389:Public choice
387:
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382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
364:Participation
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
324:Institutional
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
274:Expeditionary
272:
270:
267:
265:
264:Environmental
262:
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257:
255:
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129:
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104:
100:
97:
95:
94:International
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:Branches and
67:
66:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
47:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2371:Evolutionary
2303:Contemporary
2282:Neoclassical
2246:
2227:Distributist
2172:Mercantilism
2159:Early modern
2073:
2069:Wagner's law
2061:
1989:
1985:Life chances
1950:Embeddedness
1874:Karl Polanyi
1824:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1757:(Routledge).
1754:
1747:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1661:
1654:
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1637:
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1609:
1579:
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1553:
1548:
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1527:
1522:
1514:
1509:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1460:
1455:
1437:
1432:
1421:
1416:
1400:Fonseca Gl.
1396:
1388:
1383:
1367:. Springer.
1363:
1356:
1336:
1329:
1227:
1206:Karl Polanyi
1135:
1123:Harold Innis
1120:
1112:Simon Patten
1083:
1077:
1061:
1046:
1039:
981:
972:
964:
962:
946:
918:to academic
911:
909:
830:Publications
795:
418:Sociological
391: /
289:Geographical
269:Evolutionary
244:Digitization
209:Agricultural
113:Mathematical
84:Econometrics
2526:Supply-side
2449:Neo-Marxian
2262:Marginalism
2192:Late modern
2177:Physiocrats
1839:Karl Bücher
1764:. Springer.
1156:Karl Bücher
1011:Karl Bücher
666:von Neumann
319:Information
259:Engineering
239:Development
234:Demographic
176:Game theory
118:Methodology
2631:Categories
2506:Regulation
2432:Monetarism
2418:Circuitism
2366:Ecological
2334:Chartalism
2314:Behavioral
2257:Manchester
2252:Malthusian
2210:Birmingham
2167:Cameralism
2151:Modern era
2125:Pre-modern
1965:Ideal type
1859:Karl Knies
1832:Economists
1321:References
1171:Karl Knies
992:Karl Knies
825:Economists
696:Schumacher
601:Schumpeter
571:von Wieser
491:von Thünen
452:economists
428:Statistics
423:Solidarity
344:Managerial
309:Humanistic
304:Historical
249:Ecological
214:Behavioral
108:Mainstream
2581:Economics
2516:Stockholm
2391:Keynesian
2356:Cracovian
2305:(20th and
2294:Socialist
2277:Mutualism
2220:Ricardian
2215:Classical
2063:Verstehen
1975:Iron cage
1914:Max Weber
1589:cite book
1299:Historism
1201:Max Weber
1034:Max Weber
933:Max Weber
920:economics
741:Greenspan
706:Samuelson
686:Galbraith
656:Tinbergen
596:von Mises
591:Heckscher
551:Edgeworth
369:Personnel
329:Knowledge
294:Happiness
284:Financial
254:Education
229:Democracy
123:Political
89:Heterodox
32:Economics
2606:Degrowth
2541:Virginia
2381:Freiburg
2376:Feminist
2329:Carnegie
2319:Buddhist
2287:Lausanne
2242:Georgism
2205:Austrian
1666:in JSTOR
1653:(2002).
1445:Archived
1426:in JSTOR
1405:Archived
1272:See also
1053:Prussian
954:theorems
916:approach
834:journals
820:Glossary
771:Stiglitz
736:Rothbard
716:Buchanan
701:Friedman
691:Koopmans
681:Leontief
661:Robinson
546:Marshall
450:Notable
398:Regional
374:Planning
349:Monetary
279:Feminist
224:Cultural
219:Business
24:a series
22:Part of
2559:Related
2346:Chicago
1704:excerpt
1573:: 185+.
1442:excerpt
949:history
922:and to
914:was an
840:Schools
832: (
791:Piketty
786:Krugman
651:Kuznets
641:Kalecki
616:Polanyi
506:Cournot
501:Bastiat
486:Ricardo
476:Malthus
466:Quesnay
438:Welfare
408:Service
79:Applied
55:Outline
50:History
2437:Market
1497:
1371:
1344:
1264:, and
1114:, and
994:, and
943:Tenets
776:Thaler
756:Ostrom
751:Becker
746:Sowell
726:Baumol
631:Myrdal
626:Sraffa
621:Frisch
611:Knight
606:Keynes
581:Fisher
576:Veblen
561:Pareto
541:Menger
536:George
531:Jevons
526:Walras
516:Gossen
384:Public
379:Policy
334:Labour
299:Health
156:Market
2413:Post-
813:Lists
781:Hoppe
766:Lucas
731:Solow
721:Arrow
711:Simon
676:Lange
671:Hicks
646:Röpke
636:Hayek
586:Pigou
556:Clark
471:Smith
433:Urban
413:Socio
403:Rural
103:Macro
99:Micro
60:Index
2396:Neo-
1601:help
1495:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1236:and
910:The
797:more
521:Marx
511:Mill
496:List
2408:New
1131:fur
761:Sen
481:Say
339:Law
2633::
1593::
1591:}}
1587:{{
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1605:.
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1377:.
1350:.
1036:.
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836:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
