737:
121:
374:
Barbados by her enslaver, plantation owner Robert Rich. After Auker was baptised in 1688 at St
Katharine by the Tower, she was made destitute by her enslaver. In 1690 she succeeded in a court petition to be discharged from his enslavement. An official record of this is held in The National Archives. In 1737, black Briton George Scipio was accused of stealing Anne Godfrey's washing, with the case resting entirely on whether or not Scipio was the only black man in Hackney at the time.
24:
423:. Supporters involved in this movement included workers and other emigrant nationals of the urban poor. At this time, slavery in Britain itself had no support from common law, but its definitive legal status was not clearly defined until the 19th century. Free African people could not be enslaved, but black people who were brought as enslaved people to Britain were considered the property of their enslavers. During this era
717:, this was tripled from a decade previously to nine. There are still many problems that Black Londoners face; the new global and high-tech information revolution is changing the urban economy and some argue that it is driving unemployment rates among Blacks, higher relative to non-Blacks, something which, it is argued, threatens to erode the progress made thus far.
631:; who settled in the UK. These immigrants were invited to fill labour requirements in London's hospitals, transport and railway development. There was a continuous influx of African students, sportsmen, and businessmen mixed within British society. They are viewed as not having been a major contributing factor to the rebuilding of the post-war urban London economy.
307:. Later, she traded those prisoners for the return of English prisoners held in Spain and Portugal. Elizabeth also employed an African court dancer named Lucy Negro who later became an infamous madam who ran a licentious house (brothel) in Clerkenwell, north London and is considered one of the candidates to have been the inspiration for the
720:
As of June 2007, the Black population of London was 802,300, equivalent to 10.6% of the population of London; 4.3% of
Londoners are Caribbean, 5.5% of Londoners are African and a further 0.8% are from other black backgrounds including American and Latin American. There are also 117,400 people who are
373:
In 1610, Prince Dederi
Jaquoah was brought, aged 20, to the City of London from West Africa by an English merchant, and records state that he was "sent out of his cuntrye by his father ... to be baptised" and that he stayed in London for two years. In 1684, Katharine Auker was brought to England from
1482:
513:
by 1833. The number of black people in London was steadily declining with these new laws. Fewer black people were brought into London from the West Indies and parts of Africa. During the mid-19th century there were restrictions on foreign immigration. In the later part of the 19th century there
709:. An increasing number of these Black Londoners were London-born, or British-born. Even with this growing population and the first black members elected to the UK Parliament, many argue that there was still discrimination and a socio-economic imbalance in London amongst the Black community. In
462:
to wealthy whites. Many became labeled as the "Black Poor" defined as former low-wage soldiers, seafarers and former plantation workers. During the late 18th century there were many publications and memoirs written about the "black poor". One example is the writings of
Equiano, who became an
291:. Blanke is depicted on Westminster tournament roll in 1511, is said to have arrived in England with Catherine of Aragon in 1501, although a document from June 1488, lists a person named John Blank, a footman already in service of Henry VII. Documentation from the court of Queen
533:, born poor as William Darby in Norwich, rose to become the proprietor of one of Britain's most successful circuses during the Victorian era. He is immortalised in the lyrics of The Beatles song "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" Another famous black Briton was
596:, was refused service at the Imperial Hotel in London in July 1943. He stood up for his rights and later was awarded compensation. That particular example is used by some to illustrate the slow change towards acceptance and equality of all citizens in London.
1486:
702:. Out of these three people; Abbott was the first Black British woman to be elected to the House of Commons, and the only one out of these three candidates to remain a continuous sitting MP to the present day.
1086:
354:
brought enslaved
Africans as servants back to Britain with them. This marked the growing black presence in the northern, eastern and southern areas of London. There were also small numbers of
1111:
1787:
399:
reported that there was "supposed to be near 20,000 Negroe servants." Evidence of the number of black residents in London has been found through registered burials. Leading
African
679:
338:
By the middle of the eighteenth century, African people comprised somewhere between one and three percent of the London populace. British merchants became involved with the
654:
that severely restricted the entry of Black
Caribbean immigrants into the United Kingdom. In 1975, a new voice emerged for the Black population of London; his name was
604:
In 1950, it was estimated there were no more than 20,000 non-White residents in the United
Kingdom, mainly in England; almost all born overseas. Just after the end of
627:
which is now a prominently Black district in the UK. From the 1950s-60s, there was a mass migration of workers from all over the
Anglophone Caribbean, particularly
330:. Prince Dederi Jaquoah, the son of King Caddi-biah who ruled of a kingdom in modern Liberia was baptised in London on New Year's Day 1611 and lived as a merchant.
1508:
465:
438:
arrived in London. Many of them became poverty-stricken and were reduced to begging on the streets. The black people in London lived among the whites in areas of
41:
1900:
1294:
1732:
88:
318:
Aside from presence within the courts, parish documentation also establishes that
African people were embedded in all echelons of London society,
60:
295:
concerning the Baskerville campaign of 1595–96, documents a substantial number of Spanish and African prisoners of war captured in an assault by
260:
have identified one woman from the southern Mediterranean who may have had African ancestry who had travelled to London during the Roman period.
219:
1008:
1540:
1061:
Shyllon, Folarin (1992). "The Black Presence and Experience in Britain: An Analytical Overview". In Gundara, Jagdish S.; Duffield, Ian (eds.).
1755:
67:
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and some settled in London. These emigrants suffered and faced many challenges as did many black people in London. The slave trade was
1727:
482:
74:
1313:
1890:
695:
56:
1822:
750:
268:
The population density of Africans in 16th-century London is poorly understood. Due to the proliferation of documentation in the
1910:
1802:
687:
1812:
1665:
965:
1365:
1775:
1259:
1191:
714:
710:
663:
474:
473:. Both his daughters were born and baptised there. In 1787, 441 Black people emigrated from London for resettlement to the
1717:
655:
212:
1780:
1578:
1533:
1242:
1070:
400:
1136:
1827:
1440:
1199:
553:
and a Welsh slave trader. After his father's death he was freed and inherited a fortune. He moved to Monmouthshire's
386:
304:
107:
1817:
1750:
864:
643:
639:
635:
382:
81:
431:. This verdict fuelled the numbers of African people that escaped slavery, and helped send slavery into decline.
1792:
1625:
529:
Despite facing social prejudice, some 19th-century black people living in England achieved exceptional success.
1895:
1797:
1770:
1615:
1378:
1214:
Roy A. Sundstrom, "French Huguenots and the Civil List, 1696-1727: A Study of Alien Assimilation in England."
898:
534:
378:
205:
45:
1291:
982:
736:
569:, who was born on a merchant ship in the West Indies in 1788, and whose father, had been a slave in St Kitts.
1526:
174:
526:. This was a direct effect of new shipping links that were established with the Caribbean and West Africa.
1853:
1635:
790:"A Novel Investigation into Migrant and Local Health-Statuses in the Past: A Case Study from Roman Britain"
651:
326:, a daughter of a basket weaver from Morocco, came to London around 1583–84 and ended up a seamstress from
169:
427:
declared that a slave who fled from his master could not be taken by force or sold abroad, in the case of
395:
184:
159:
705:
By the end of the 20th century, the number of Black Londoners numbered half a million, according to the
342:
between Europe, Africa and the Americas. Many of those involved in British colonial activities, such as
1905:
722:
706:
506:
486:
435:
164:
1343:
1915:
1722:
1558:
558:
419:. With the support of other Britons, these activists demanded that the slave trade and slavery be
129:
1605:
1361:
915:
760:
578:
308:
145:
34:
538:
390:
322:
a silk weaver who likely emigrated from the Netherlands, lived in Southwark around 1579–1592.
1869:
1573:
1549:
647:
581:
published a travelogue where he wrote, "Negroes in London do not much exceed one hundred."
355:
339:
284:
662:. He spoke against racism and for equality in regards to all residents of Britain. At the
463:
unofficial spokesman for Britain's Black community. A memoir about his life is entitled,
8:
1600:
1583:
1456:
1310:
953:
613:
319:
300:
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periods, we know that Africans were present in most of the noble courts of this century.
120:
824:"'Written in Bone': New Discoveries about the Lives and Burials of Four Roman Londoners"
434:
In this same period many enslaved soldiers who fought on the side of the British in the
1394:
Rose, Sonya (May 2001). "Race, empire and British wartime national identity, 1939–45".
935:
585:
498:
428:
359:
725:, the total Black population of London stood at 1,088,640 or 13.3% of the population.
1807:
1765:
1760:
1436:
1411:
1374:
1367:
Britons through Negro spectacles, or, A Negro on Britons with a description of London
1238:
1195:
1066:
961:
939:
894:
845:
822:
Poinar, Hendrik N.; Eaton, Katherine; Marshall, Michael; Redfern, Rebecca C. (2017).
781:
699:
628:
554:
296:
1260:"Why did the Black Poor of London not support the Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme?"
608:, the first groups of post-war Caribbean immigrants started to arrive and settle in
1590:
1403:
1161:
927:
835:
804:
671:
459:
455:
497:
Coming into the early 19th century, more groups of black soldiers and seaman were
1848:
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1317:
1298:
785:
593:
546:
502:
469:. Equiano became a landowner in Cambridgeshire and married Susannah Cullen, from
416:
412:
408:
327:
124:
1610:
1331:
The other Eastenders : Kamal Chunchie and West Ham's early black community
659:
566:
510:
424:
347:
249:
1518:
840:
823:
1884:
1697:
849:
755:
742:
713:, the number of Black members in Parliament doubled from three to six and in
667:
620:
514:
was a buildup of small groups of black dockside communities in towns such as
351:
273:
237:
179:
1407:
698:. All were elected for seats in London and all were candidates for from the
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1415:
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269:
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343:
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253:
958:
Encyclopedia of the African diaspora: origins, experiences, and culture
447:
288:
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1645:
1640:
519:
451:
916:"Too many Blackamoors: deportation, discrimination, and Elizabeth I"
23:
1650:
562:
550:
439:
1687:
624:
589:
541:
against Lord Liverpool's government in 1820. Wales's first black
523:
443:
377:
Around the 1750s, London became the home of many African people,
367:
983:"Lucy Negro, prostitute: The Dark-Lady of Shakespeare's sonnets"
299:
on a Spanish pearl-fishing settlement in Rio de la Hacha in the
1655:
1457:"Black British timeline | Black London | Black British History"
1112:"Stories from the Switching the Lens project – Katharine Auker"
779:
609:
363:
1087:"Stories from the Switching the Lens project – Dederi Jaquoah"
1429:
Haug, Werner; Compton, Paul; Courbage, Youssef, eds. (2002).
865:"A snapshot of the little-known history of black Tudor women"
470:
1483:"Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group, All Persons"
485:. Today the descendants of the Black Poor form part of the
1162:"Communities – Black Communities – Central Criminal Court"
821:
612:. There were an estimated 492 that were passengers on the
1660:
1188:
Beyond Black and White: Mapping new immigrant communities
891:
er, Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain
623:
on 22 June 1948. These passengers settled in the area of
1432:
The Demographic Characteristics of Immigrant Populations
466:
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
1037:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p. 5.
1009:"Tudor, English and black – and not a slave in sight"
370:
due to the lack of jobs and their low social status.
732:
1428:
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
577:In 1909, the Sierra Leonese barrister and writer,
1882:
1548:
1373:. London: Imperial and Foreign Co. p. 17.
1360:
1333:(Stratford: Eastside Community Heritage, 2002)
1534:
537:, a conspirator executed for his role in the
213:
1901:History of immigration to the United Kingdom
1228:
1226:
1224:
952:
920:SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900
561:in 1818. One of the leaders in 19th-century
1301:, Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People.
642:, along with a succession of other laws in
366:. Many of these emigrants were forced into
1728:Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor
1541:
1527:
1320:, British Empire. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
1063:Essays on the History of Blacks in Britain
483:Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor
220:
206:
1232:
1221:
839:
592:from Trinidad and welfare officer in the
458:. The majority of these people worked as
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1611:Decline and legacy of the British Empire
119:
1060:
1032:
1006:
913:
893:. London: Pluto Press. pp. 10–12.
751:Historical immigration to Great Britain
57:"History of African presence in London"
1883:
1185:
1179:
1035:Black London: Life before Emancipation
888:
333:
252:, DNA analysis and the examination of
1522:
862:
234:history of African presence in London
133:(1738) shows a black London resident.
1393:
1257:
1192:Institute for Public Policy Research
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
1718:Black and Asian Studies Association
1235:Black Settlers in Britain 1555–1958
980:
13:
1311:The Map Room: Africa: Sierra Leone
1233:File, Nigel; Power, Chris (1981).
658:and he brought a new voice to the
599:
14:
1927:
1733:National Black Police Association
680:Hackney North and Stoke Newington
1435:. Council of Europe Publishing.
914:Bartels, Emily (22 March 2006).
735:
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1891:Black British culture in London
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350:, merchants, slave traders and
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33:needs additional citations for
1509:"2011 black population london"
1344:"William Cuffay (1788 – 1870)"
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1000:
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946:
907:
882:
863:Girma, Marchu (October 2015).
856:
815:
773:
721:mixed black and white. At the
1:
1911:Slavery in the United Kingdom
1461:The Black Presence in Britain
1258:Siva, Michael (Winter 2021).
766:
1854:Multicultural London English
981:Joy, Anji (27 August 2012).
7:
1007:Bidisha (29 October 2017).
797:Bioarcheology International
728:
636:Commonwealth Immigrants Act
130:Four Times of the Day: Noon
10:
1932:
1781:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
1292:"The Sierra Leone Company"
1237:. Heinnemann Educational.
1033:Gerzina, Gretchen (1995).
549:, the son of a slave from
487:Sierra Leone Creole people
436:American Revolutionary War
1862:
1841:
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1723:Black Equity Organisation
1708:
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1297:28 September 2007 at the
841:10.1017/S0068113X17000216
340:transatlantic slave trade
1569:First Africans in London
1362:Merriman-Labor, Augustus
1051:. Jonathan Cape. London.
1047:Banton, Michael (1955),
670:MPs were elected to the
559:Sheriff of Monmouthshire
396:The Gentleman's Magazine
1606:Race Relations Act 1965
1408:10.1111/1468-2281.00125
1316:27 January 2010 at the
1267:History Matters Journal
1141:nationalarchives.gov.uk
761:Ethnic groups in London
579:Augustus Merriman-Labor
360:seamen from West Africa
236:may extend back to the
146:Ethnic groups in London
1186:Kyambi, Sarah (2005).
1065:. Aldershot: Avebury.
889:Freyer, Peter (1984).
539:Cato Street Conspiracy
417:Quobna Ottobah Cugoano
279:An African trumpeter,
134:
1896:Black British history
1756:Antiguan and Barbudan
987:Black British History
932:10.1353/sel.2006.0012
784:; Montgomery, Janet;
664:1987 general election
638:was passed in by the
123:
1574:Atlantic slave trade
1550:Black British people
1218:8.3 (1976): 219-235.
1049:The Coloured Quarter
954:Boyce Davies, Carole
809:10.5744/bi.2018.1014
584:One black Londoner,
507:abolished completely
42:improve this article
1742:Ethnic and national
1601:Bristol Bus Boycott
1463:. 15 September 2009
1396:Historical Research
1166:oldbaileyonline.org
788:(1 November 2018).
481:with help from the
334:17th–18th centuries
320:Reasonable Blackman
301:Spanish West Indies
140:Part of a series on
1833:Other black groups
1709:Civic and economic
780:Redfern, Rebecca;
586:Learie Constantine
429:Somerset v Stewart
348:colonial officials
135:
1906:History of London
1878:
1877:
1751:African-Caribbean
967:978-1-85109-700-5
666:, the first-ever
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460:domestic servants
352:plantation owners
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31:This article
29:
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1579:Abolitionism
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1491:. Retrieved
1487:the original
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692:Paul Boateng
684:Bernie Grant
676:Diane Abbott
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573:20th century
543:high sheriff
531:Pablo Fanque
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516:Canning Town
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479:Sierra Leone
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356:freed slaves
337:
317:
315:'s sonnets.
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264:16th century
258:Roman London
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238:Roman period
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98:January 2008
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40:Please help
35:verification
32:
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1671:Lovers rock
1467:14 February
834:: 253–277.
696:Brent South
557:and became
324:Mary Fillis
313:Shakespeare
303:during the
293:Elizabeth I
281:John Blanke
254:grave goods
1885:Categories
1828:Zimbabwean
1616:Race riots
1380:0331561875
1190:. London:
1171:22 January
1146:29 January
1121:29 January
1096:29 January
900:0861047494
767:References
656:David Pitt
640:government
501:after the
499:discharged
448:Paddington
405:the period
393:. In 1764
364:South Asia
289:Henry VIII
68:newspapers
1842:Languages
1818:Tanzanian
1788:Congolese
1761:Barbadian
1683:UK garage
1666:Caribbean
1646:Afroswing
1641:Afrobeats
940:154728438
850:0068-113X
828:Britannia
688:Tottenham
614:HMT
590:cricketer
520:Liverpool
452:Isleworth
421:abolished
407:included
391:Huguenots
309:Dark Lady
287:and King
175:Pakistani
1808:Nigerian
1793:Ghanaian
1771:Guyanese
1766:Jamaican
1651:Britfunk
1592:Windrush
1416:18161216
1364:(1909).
1314:Archived
1295:Archived
1277:10 March
956:(2008).
729:See also
563:chartism
551:St Kitts
456:St Giles
440:Mile End
385:people,
170:Japanese
155:Africans
1823:Ugandan
1798:Ivorian
1688:Dubstep
1628:culture
1594:scandal
1561:history
1493:26 July
1348:History
1273:(2): 44
869:gal-dem
629:Jamaica
625:Brixton
524:Cardiff
509:in the
444:Stepney
387:Germans
368:beggary
283:served
185:Turkish
160:Chinese
82:scholar
1803:Kenyan
1711:groups
1693:Jungle
1552:topics
1439:
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1241:
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650:, and
610:London
522:, and
475:colony
389:, and
274:Stuart
248:Using
180:Romani
165:Indian
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1863:Lists
1678:Grime
1636:Music
1371:(PDF)
1263:(PDF)
936:S2CID
793:(PDF)
471:Soham
383:Irish
270:Tudor
89:JSTOR
75:books
1495:2008
1469:2016
1437:ISBN
1412:PMID
1375:ISBN
1279:2022
1239:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1173:2016
1148:2022
1123:2022
1098:2022
1067:ISBN
1020:2021
994:2021
962:ISBN
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876:2021
846:ISSN
715:1997
711:1992
694:for
690:and
686:for
678:for
652:1981
648:1971
644:1968
588:, a
565:was
545:was
454:and
415:and
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362:and
358:and
272:and
232:The
61:news
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