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differing levels of autonomy from a parent state, which at times included
Kingdom of Genoa, Crown of Aragon, Spain, and France over the centuries. It was incorporated into France in the French revolution, but later regained some autonomy as a protectorate of the Kingdom Sardinia in the 19th Century. In the 1848 two towns ceded and these were lost to France in 1861, but Monaco was not incorporated into France or Italy. It focused on tourism starting in the 1860s and was taken over by Axis powers in WW2. After liberation, it worked to secure further independence from France, and was recognized by the UN in 1993. It has relations with, but is not a part of the European Union but does use the Euro currency in the 21st century.
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907:. The next year, in 1861 The Kingdom of Sardinia became a part of the Kingdom of Italy. Monaco had been a Protectorate of Sardinia, and managed to survive these changes, avoiding integration with France or Italy. By the early 1860s it had secured its independence but was now surrounded by France and without Menton or Roquebrune. To make ends meet Monaco would focus on tourism, and built the now famous Monte Carlo casino.
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The early history of Monaco as a state, has its origins the
Kingdom of Genoa. The Holy Roman Empire granted Monaco to the Genoese. Later, the Grimaldi family which were a Genoese family, occupied it in the 13th century and later purchased it and ruled it as principality. Over its history it has had
759:
In 1789 the French sized all the Royal financial assets, and as the French
Revolution progressed by 1793 Monaco was sized by the French. The Royal family was put in prison (later freed), the art collections and assets were seized and sold off, and the palace was used as hospital and poor house. In
620:
As the
Ghibellines intended their fortress to be a strategic military stronghold and center of control for the area, they set about creating a settlement around the base of the Rock to support the garrison; in an attempt to lure residents from Genoa and the surrounding cities, they offered land
747:
It was a protectorate of the
Kingdom of Sardinia from 1815 to 1860. However, the towns of Mentone and Roccabruna ceded in 1848, and these were annexed by France in 1861. Monaco managed to avoid incorporation into France or Italy, but at the cost of most its territory at that time.
776:
From 1815 to 1860 Monaco was a part of the
Kingdom of Sardinia, but was ceded to France in the 1860 Treaty of Turin. Monaco establish autonomy from France, by ceding Mentone and Roccabruna for 4 million France. (these became the French towns of Menton and Roquebrune Cap Martin)
1140:
In 2002, a new treaty between France and Monaco clarified that if there are no heirs to carry on the dynasty, the
Principality will remain an independent nation, rather than be annexed by France. Monaco's military defence, however, is still the responsibility of France.
1732:"[#Coronavirus] Les autorités sanitaires de la Principauté ont été informées qu'une personne prise en charge dans la matinée et conduite au Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace était positive au COVID 19.Son état de santé n'inspire pas d'inquiétude"
841:. The unrest continued until the ruling prince gave up his claim to the two towns (some 95% of the country), and they were ceded to France in return for four million francs. This transfer and Monaco's sovereignty was recognised by the
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of 1861. France accepted the existence of the
Principality of Monaco, but annexed 95% of its former territory (the areas of Menton and Roquebrune). Monaco's military defense since then has been the responsibility of France.
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Nonetheless, his tiny principality was tormented by domestic conflict partly as a result of Louis's indecisiveness, and also because the majority of the population was of
Italian descent; many of them supported the
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Map of the territory of the "Free cities of
Mentone and Roccabruna" (light blue) and the territory of Monaco (orange) in 1848. Those territories were the Principality of Monaco from the Renaissance until that
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Genoese family. Members of this family, in the course of the civil strife in Genoa between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, took refuge in Monaco, accompanied by various other Guelphic families, most notably the
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2014:
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also wrote of Hercules's construction of Monaco's port and a coastal road. The road was dotted with altars to Heracles, and a temple dedicated to him was established on the Rock of Monaco. The name
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were the first commercial navigators," who found refuge in the Port of Monaco from the mistral of the sea. The Port and Rock of Monaco were consecrated by the Phoenicians in the name of their deity
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in 1524 (or the treaty of Tordesilla of 1524), saw Monaco under the authority of Spain as autonomous state for about a century, and there was a Spanish garrison at the fortress.
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587:, who held it territorially starting from 1075. The city was further damaged and nearly abandoned as Saracen raids continued after they had put under their control a part of
961:, established that Monegasque policy would be aligned with French political, military, and economic interests. One of the motivations for the treaty was the upcoming
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1814 Napolean stepped down, and Honore IV was restored to power. However in the 1815 Congress of Vienna, Monaco was made a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
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922:. Taxes paid by the S.B.M. have been plowed into Monaco's infrastructure. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railway link to France.
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led by Fulco del Cassello began the construction of a fortress atop the Rock of Monaco. This date is often cited as the beginning of Monaco's modern history.
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either because Hercules drove off everyone else and lived there alone, or because in his temple no other of the gods is worshipped at the same time.
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In 1848 the towns of Mentone and Roccaburna ceded from Monaco, and in 1849 became a separate protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia. (see also
276:, from the 14th to the early 15th century the area was contested for primarily political reasons. Since that point, excepting a brief period of
395:, also later adopted by the Romans, who was said to have constructed the ancient path that passed through the region from Spain to Italy. The
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732:. Since then the area has remained under the control of the Grimaldi family to the present day, except when under French control during the
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1937:
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Bloomberg - The Monaco Royals Whose Deals Have Brought Peril to the Palace Doors By Gaspard Sebag and Anthony Cormier February 29, 2024]
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meaning "Single House" could be a reference to Hercules or his temple, or the isolated community inhabiting the area around the rock.
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Under Prince Louis's secret orders, the Monaco police, often at great risk to themselves, warned in advance those people whom the
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In 1848 the towns of Menton and Roquebrune ceded from Monaco and became protectorates of the Kingdom of Sardinia, this was to the
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The Riviera : or, The coast from Marseilles to Leghorn, including the interior towns of Carrara, Lucca, Pisa, and Pistoia
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https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-03-01/monaco-royal-nephews-business-deals-bring-more-scrutiny-on-prince-albert
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to guarantee fundamental liberties and made it difficult for a French national to transfer his or her residence there.
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595:. Monaco is again mentioned in the 11th century, when the church of St. Mary was built and a borough rose around it.
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https://actualnewsmagazine.com/english/in-saint-cezaire-sur-siagne-the-inhabitants-relive-the-arrival-of-the-allies/
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In July 1918, a treaty was signed providing for limited French protection over Monaco. The treaty, written into the
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In the early 2020s there was international news about concerns over government financial accountability in Monaco.
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900:. However when Nice County was ceded to France, they were annexed from Monaco which had still had ownership.
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In the 2020s completion was nearing on a small apartment building and a few houses, built on the coast edge
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Monaco became surrounded by France, when the Kingdom of Sardina ceded the County of Nice to France in the
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This graphic illustrates how the Kindom of Sardina ceded Nice County, the region around Monaco, to France
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365:. After the Phoenicians, the Greeks wrote about the progress and conquests of the journeys and labors of
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353:"According to some authorities, the Egyptians of the Eighteenth Dynasty, according to others, the early
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The division of the Empire after the death of Theodosius I, c. 395 AD, superimposed on modern borders.
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837:, which declared independence, hoping for annexation by Sardinia and participation in the Italian
385:) founded the colony of Monoikos. The name of the colony derives from the local veneration of the
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1105:, proclaimed in 1962, abolished capital punishment, provided for female suffrage, established a
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In Saint-CĂ©zaire-sur-Siagne, the inhabitants relive the arrival of the allies AÄźustos 24, 2024]
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seized the Rock of Monaco in 1297, starting the Grimaldi dynasty, under the sovereignty of the
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1755:"Coronavirus: un premier cas de contamination détecté à Monaco et transféré au CHU de Nice"
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A scene from the 1931 Grand Prix, in the 20th century racing would become a popular event.
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The principality was re-established in 1814, only to be designated a protectorate of the
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and recreation centre in the 21st century, with 4.1 tourists per resident as of 2020.
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planned to arrest. The country was liberated on 3 September 1944 by Allied forces.
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in 1355, enlarging their possessions. In 1338 Monegasque ships under the command of
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2019:
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in the late 5th century. Monaco was recaptured by the Romans during the reign of
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978:'s sympathies were strongly pro-French, he tried to keep Monaco neutral during
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1588:"Admission of the Principality of Monaco to membership in the United Nations"
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369:. The native Ligurian people asserted that Hercules passed through the area.
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deportation camp outside the French capital before being transported to the
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was brought back to Monaco, contributing to the principality's prosperity.
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Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815. Monaco was annexed as protectorate this year.
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Soon after in September 1943, following Mussolini's fall in Italy, the
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1617:. Translated by Duursma, Jorri C. (2nd ed.). T.M.C. Asser Press.
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ascended to the throne following the death of his grandfather, Prince
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in the 7th century. Monaco then passed hands between the Lombards and
264:
is primarily concerned with the protective and strategic value of the
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The Principality of Monaco: State, International Status, Institutions
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called it "that castled cliff, Monoecus by the sea". The commentator
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2500:
195:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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The Microstates of Europe: Designer Nations in a Post-Modern World
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in 1817. Monaco remained in this position until 1860, when by the
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in the 8th century, it was rebuilt by the monks of Saint-Pons in
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According to the "travels of Heracles" theme, also documented by
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319:
318:, the area's first permanent settlers were the mountain-dwelling
269:
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Monaco's mild climate with historical sites and modern gambling
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Un rocher bien occupé : Monaco pendant la guerre 1939–1945
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Monaco remained under Roman control until the collapse of the
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occupation, it has remained steadily under the control of the
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1930:
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in the mid-6th century and was held until its capture by the
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323:
1560:"Monaco's Constitution of 1962 with Amendments through 2002"
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Hospital in France. The virus was confirmed to have reached
1681:"17 Top Tourist Attractions in Monaco & Easy Day Trips"
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695:
participated, along with those of France and Genoa, in the
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482:
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With the protectorate, that lasted nearly half a century,
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372:
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On 29 February 2020, Monaco announced its first case of
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1941:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 684–685.
954:
of 1910 forced him to proclaim a constitution in 1911.
628:
348:
341:
spoken by the modern inhabitants of Liguria, of which
1273:
970:
Invasion and occupation of Monaco during World War II
888:'s defeat, Monaco's sovereignty was confirmed by the
796:, Sardinia ceded to France the surrounding county of
1986:
The Riviera at War: World War II on the Cote d'Azur
1729:
1304:
Apex Omnium: Religion in the Res Gestae of Ammianus
756:From 1793 to 1814 Monaco was taken over by France.
89:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1880:, London: Adam & Charles Black, pp. 86–87
1655:"Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Monaco"
829:During this time there was unrest in the towns of
3997:
1147:succeeded his father Prince Rainier III in 2005.
4767:
1307:. University of California Press. pp. 24–.
512:No temple to Hercules has been found at Monaco.
1390:
500:'s use of the passage asserts, under the entry
1638:Son of ailing Prince Rainier takes over duties
1053:, where he was later killed. Blum's colleague
986:government of his old army colleague, Marshal
559:in 476. The city was then under the domain of
551:The Holy Roman Empire granted Monaco to Genoa.
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3089:
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2040:
1884:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
456: Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)
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1903:
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406:was subsequently used for the ancient port.
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1839:
1543:"Obituary: Prince Rainier III of Monaco.",
613:. On 10 June 1215, a detachment of Genoese
542:
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3501:
3487:
3096:
3082:
2523:
2509:
2047:
2033:
1458:
1300:
1274:P. Christiaan Klieger (29 November 2012).
1260:
751:
736:from 1793 to May 17, 1814, as part of the
322:, who emigrated from their native city of
1953:(6th ed.), Leipzig: Baedeker, 1914,
1730:Gouvernement Monaco (28 February 2020).
1251:
818:was the official language of Monaco. The
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
149:Learn how and when to remove this message
1254:"Monaco: The Beauty Spot of the Riviera"
1131:
1123:
1025:
937:
929:
867:
858:
767:
640:
632:
629:Middle ages : Rise of the Grimaldis
546:
440:
295:
248:
240:
1983:
1913:The History of Monaco, Past and Present
1294:
1112:In 1993, Monaco became a member of the
1069:. In August 1944, the Germans executed
764:Protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia
716:secured recognition of his independent
637:Overview of the Genovese trading empire
469:, which served as a stopping-point for
373:Greek colonization and Herculean legend
310:According to the accounts of historian
4768:
4156:
3981:
3777:
3553:
2266:High Council of Judges and Prosecutors
1752:
1644:, 31 March 2005. Accessed 31 May 2008.
1612:
3482:
3105:History of current European countries
3077:
2530:
2504:
2450:Santos Dumont's experiments in Monaco
2028:
1678:
826:than French, but influenced by both.
292:Early history and Ligurian settlement
2010:History of Monaco: Primary Documents
1965:Histoire de la principauté de Monaco
1798:"Principality and Diocese of Monaco"
1353:Lexicon of Ancient Latin Etymologies
1021:deportation of the Jewish population
898:Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune
876:Designated as a protectorate of the
809:Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune
160:
87:adding citations to reliable sources
58:
17:
3038:History of the Mediterranean region
2054:
1753:Bulant, Jeanne (29 February 2020).
1706:"Tourism in Principality of Monaco"
660:and taking their name from his son
579:. After having been damaged by the
563:until his fall at the hands of the
349:Phoenician colonization and Melqart
307:lived here about 30,000 years ago.
13:
1951:Southern France, including Corsica
1860:
1466:"Occupation by Italy then Germany"
1455:. Mondadori editore. Milano, 1939.
1280:. Lexington Books. pp. 165–.
916:Société des bains de mer de Monaco
14:
4787:
3936:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe
2003:
1761:(in French). Agence France-Presse
914:opened in 1863, organized by the
539:was forced to put into the port.
334:is not directly connected to the
272:'s history since the fall of the
33:This article has multiple issues.
4424:Serbia (Commissioner Government)
3023:Bibliography of European history
2618:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
2139:
1252:Pickering, Thomas Henry (1882).
1165:, a man who was admitted to the
963:Monaco Succession Crisis of 1918
843:Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861
664:, were an ancient and prominent
504:, that the epithet was derived:
481:control as part of the Maritime
165:
63:
22:
4404:Norway (Administrative Council)
3048:History of Western civilization
2651:Christianity in the Middle Ages
2015:Google Earth air view of Monaco
1773:
1746:
1723:
1698:
1672:
1647:
1631:
1606:
1580:
1552:
1537:
1524:
1502:
1480:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1412:
1378:
1119:
1081:, who were Resistance leaders.
925:
74:needs additional citations for
41:or discuss these issues on the
2892:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2835:Christianity in the modern era
2606:Christianity in late antiquity
2418:Orders, decorations and medals
1896:, Monaco: Imprimerie de Monaco
1890:"Ses Origines et Son Histoire"
1549:, London, 7 April 2005, pg. 58
1369:
1357:
1345:
1331:
1321:
1245:
1227:
1167:Princess Grace Hospital Centre
1019:occupied Monaco and began the
697:English Channel naval campaign
1:
4429:Serbia (Council of Ministers)
3043:History of the European Union
1924:Published in the 20th century
1866:Published in the 19th century
1220:
1065:, escaped arrest and fled to
848:
609:over the area to the city of
436:
4202:Army Group Rear Area Command
3509:Administrative divisions in
2091:Treaty of Tordesillas (1524)
2020:BBC - Monaco Country Profile
1492:Editions Seuil, Paris 2001,
1051:Auschwitz concentration camp
946:The Prince of Monaco was an
7:
4584:Belgium and Northern France
4207:Belgium and Northern France
3002:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2613:Crisis of the Third Century
1984:Kundahl, George G. (2017).
1183:
714:Honoré II, Prince of Monaco
699:. Plunder from the sack of
625:exemption to new settlers.
377:During the 6th-century BC,
191:the claims made and adding
10:
4792:
4086:Civil Administration Areas
3691:Southern Hanover–Brunswick
3058:Military history of Europe
3053:Maritime history of Europe
2167:Land reclamation in Monaco
2106:Franco-Monégasque Treaties
1790:
967:
934:Poster for 1920 exposition
852:
473:on his way to campaign in
450: Western Roman Empire
381:from Massalia (modern day
326:, in what is now northern
4735:
4694:
4687:
4652:
4612:
4576:
4563:
4543:
4457:
4301:
4294:
4266:
4192:
4172:
4147:
4084:
4073:
4039:
3972:
3956:North Brabant and Limburg
3951:South Holland and Zeeland
3946:North Holland and Utrecht
3941:Gelderland and Overijssel
3926:
3855:
3803:
3764:
3734:
3531:
3518:
3460:
3412:
3374:
3111:
3028:Genetic history of Europe
3010:
2815:
2631:
2571:
2538:
2462:
2373:
2364:
2327:
2318:
2203:
2194:
2157:
2148:
2137:
2066:
1978:Contemporary publications
1802:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1116:with full voting rights.
1005:On 11 November 1942, the
683:. The Grimaldis acquired
515:The port is mentioned in
433:passed through the area.
425:, both Greeks and native
300:The Rock in modern times.
4194:Military administrations
3726:WĂĽrttemberg-Hohenzollern
2096:Treaty of PĂ©ronne (1641)
1613:Grinda, Georges (2010).
1399:"Monaco and Monte Carlo"
1205:List of rulers of Monaco
1154:, make Monaco a popular
890:Franco-Monegasque Treaty
730:Treaty of PĂ©ronne (1641)
543:Dark ages to the Genoese
410:meaning "Single One" or
361:. The colony was called
3033:History of Christianity
2086:France–Monaco relations
1988:. London: I.B. Tauris.
1938:Encyclopædia Britannica
1375:Pliny the Eldner, III.v
855:France–Monaco relations
752:Fall and rise 1789-1815
724:in 1633, and then from
330:. However, the ancient
4565:
4295:Puppet administrations
4099:Carinthia and Carniola
3766:
3541:
3533:
3513:and German occupations
3154:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2857:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2256:and the European Union
2121:1918 succession crisis
1468:. Government of Monaco
1215:Monaco at the Olympics
1137:
1129:
1128:View of Monaco in 2016
1103:Constitution of Monaco
1057:, the director of the
1034:
943:
935:
905:Treaty of Turin (1860)
873:
865:
773:
649:
638:
552:
510:
458:
301:
254:
246:
3746:Reichsfestung Belgrad
2937:Industrial Revolution
2126:Monégasque Revolution
1592:digitallibrary.un.org
1567:constituteproject.org
1177:on 29 February 2020.
1135:
1127:
1045:home and held in the
1029:
952:Monegasque Revolution
941:
933:
918:, which also ran the
912:Casino of Monte Carlo
871:
862:
853:Further information:
771:
644:
636:
550:
506:
444:
429:people asserted that
299:
252:
244:
4748:Strength Through Joy
4707:Weather Station Kurt
4409:Norway (Quisling II)
3656:Munich–Upper Bavaria
3641:March of Brandenburg
2992:European debt crisis
2987:European integration
2927:Age of Enlightenment
2767:Republic of Florence
2253:European microstates
2248:Justice of the peace
2162:France–Monaco border
1872:C. B. Black (1896),
1821:Gale Force of Monaco
1169:then transferred to
1059:Opéra de Monte-Carlo
1010:invaded and occupied
959:Treaty of Versailles
557:Western Roman Empire
83:improve this article
4567:Reichskommissariats
4399:Norway (Quisling I)
4329:Chechnya-Ingushetia
3989:Bohemia and Moravia
3974:Partial annexations
3785:Danzig–West Prussia
3375:States with limited
2957:Revolutions of 1848
2887:Early modern France
2668:Anglo-Saxon England
2573:Classical antiquity
2116:Anarchism in Monaco
2101:Treaty of Stupinigi
1969:Léon-Honoré Labande
1909:"History of Monaco"
1817:"History of Monaco"
1301:R. L. Rike (1987).
1075:Joseph-Henri Lajoux
878:Kingdom of Sardinia
790:Treaty of Stupinigi
782:Kingdom of Sardinia
98:"History of Monaco"
3999:General Government
3676:Schleswig-Holstein
3063:Crusading movement
2967:Russian Revolution
2802:Hundred Years' War
2698:Maritime republics
2601:Early Christianity
2591:Hellenistic period
2548:Paleolithic Europe
2347:Telecommunications
1512:. Tmeheust.free.fr
1451:Ermanno Amicucci.
1397:Internet Archive.
1210:Politics of Monaco
1138:
1130:
1092:Prince Rainier III
1035:
998:regime of Italy's
982:but supported the
944:
936:
882:Congress of Vienna
874:
866:
820:Monégasque dialect
786:Congress of Vienna
774:
677:Francesco Grimaldi
650:
639:
600:Holy Roman Emperor
553:
487:Gallia Transalpina
459:
302:
255:
247:
176:possibly contains
4776:History of Monaco
4763:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4683:
4682:
4653:Other occupations
4648:
4647:
4559:
4558:
4274:Adriatic Littoral
4267:Operational Zones
4188:
4187:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4035:
4034:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3851:
3850:
3760:
3759:
3476:
3475:
3071:
3070:
2997:COVID-19 pandemic
2942:French Revolution
2917:Habsburg monarchy
2897:Cossack Hetmanate
2877:Portuguese Empire
2867:Absolute monarchy
2862:Thirty Years' War
2757:Holy Roman Empire
2682:Bulgarian Empire
2641:Early Middle Ages
2558:Bronze Age Europe
2532:History of Europe
2498:
2497:
2458:
2457:
2360:
2359:
2314:
2313:
2301:Political parties
2286:Minister of State
2261:Foreign relations
2233:Court of Revision
2190:
2189:
2111:House of Grimaldi
2081:Republic of Genoa
2076:François Grimaldi
1840:Velde, François.
1827:on April 18, 2005
1679:Alexander, Lisa.
1510:"Monaco histoire"
1314:978-0-520-05858-3
1287:978-0-7391-7427-2
1239:www.heraldica.org
1195:History of France
1190:History of Europe
1063:French Resistance
734:French Revolution
728:of France by the
681:Republic of Genoa
656:, descended from
332:Ligurian language
282:House of Grimaldi
239:
238:
231:
221:
220:
213:
178:original research
159:
158:
151:
133:
56:
4783:
4692:
4691:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4299:
4298:
4286:Alpine Foothills
4154:
4153:
4104:Gebiet Bialystok
4082:
4081:
3995:
3994:
3979:
3978:
3924:
3923:
3838:Tyrol–Vorarlberg
3801:
3800:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3716:Westphalia-South
3711:Westphalia-North
3631:Magdeburg-Anhalt
3551:
3550:
3546:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3413:Dependencies and
3112:Sovereign states
3098:
3091:
3084:
3075:
3074:
2932:Great Divergence
2847:Age of Discovery
2792:Late Middle Ages
2762:High Middle Ages
2673:Byzantine Empire
2656:Christianization
2646:Migration Period
2581:Classical Greece
2553:Neolithic Europe
2525:
2518:
2511:
2502:
2501:
2478:
2471:
2371:
2370:
2325:
2324:
2213:Communal Council
2201:
2200:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2131:Rulers of Monaco
2049:
2042:
2035:
2026:
2025:
1999:
1973:
1961:
1942:
1934:
1919:
1917:Tinsley Brothers
1900:
1897:
1881:
1874:"Monaco Station"
1856:
1854:
1852:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1823:. Archived from
1812:
1810:
1808:
1784:
1777:
1771:
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1768:
1766:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1727:
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1716:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1659:weatherspark.com
1651:
1645:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1610:
1604:
1603:
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1584:
1578:
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1541:
1535:
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1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1506:
1500:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1462:
1456:
1453:Nizza e l'Italia
1449:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
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1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1271:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1231:
1200:History of Italy
1145:Prince Albert II
1061:, helped by the
1000:Benito Mussolini
950:ruler until the
788:in 1815 and the
708:Treaty of Burgos
455:
449:
419:Diodorus Siculus
312:Diodorus Siculus
245:The Rock in 1890
234:
227:
216:
209:
205:
202:
196:
193:inline citations
169:
168:
161:
154:
147:
143:
140:
134:
132:
91:
67:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4755:
4751:holiday resorts
4731:
4679:
4644:
4608:
4555:
4539:
4453:
4290:
4262:
4184:
4168:
4143:
4076:
4061:
4031:
3993:
3960:
3922:
3847:
3799:
3756:
3730:
3611:Halle-Merseburg
3596:Electoral Hesse
3586:Eastern Hanover
3523:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3477:
3472:
3456:
3414:
3408:
3394:Northern Cyprus
3376:
3370:
3286:North Macedonia
3107:
3102:
3072:
3067:
3006:
2972:Interwar period
2947:Napoleonic Wars
2811:
2782:Mongol invasion
2735:Crown of Aragon
2627:
2567:
2563:Iron Age Europe
2534:
2529:
2499:
2494:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2454:
2428:Public holidays
2356:
2310:
2271:Law enforcement
2228:Court of Appeal
2186:
2144:
2135:
2062:
2053:
2006:
1996:
1971:
1945:
1929:
1898:
1863:
1861:Further reading
1850:
1848:
1830:
1828:
1815:
1806:
1804:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1778:
1774:
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1611:
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1569:
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1529:
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1508:
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1503:
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1471:
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1322:
1315:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1272:
1261:
1250:
1246:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1186:
1171:Nice University
1122:
1055:Raoul Gunsbourg
1037:Among them was
988:Philippe PĂ©tain
972:
928:
880:in 1815 by the
857:
851:
794:Treaty of Turin
766:
754:
742:Alpes-Maritimes
647:Crown of Aragon
631:
591:with a base at
545:
522:Natural History
517:Pliny the Elder
492:The Roman poet
457:
453:
451:
447:
439:
375:
351:
314:and geographer
294:
235:
224:
223:
222:
217:
206:
200:
197:
182:
170:
166:
155:
144:
138:
135:
92:
90:
80:
68:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
4789:
4779:
4778:
4761:
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4757:
4756:
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4724:
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4714:
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4685:
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4680:
4678:
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4656:
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4646:
4645:
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4637:
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4627:
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4614:
4610:
4609:
4607:
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4601:
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4591:
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4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4449:Zuyev Republic
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4339:Czechoslovakia
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
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4270:
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4264:
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4214:
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4190:
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4096:
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4063:
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4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
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4041:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3948:
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3938:
3932:
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3915:
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3895:
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3885:
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3815:
3809:
3807:
3798:
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3787:
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3772:
3762:
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3754:
3749:
3738:
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3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
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3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3636:Main Franconia
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3576:Cologne–Aachen
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3548:
3526:
3520:Administrative
3516:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3468:European Union
3464:
3462:
3461:Other entities
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3415:other entities
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3361:United Kingdom
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3174:Czech Republic
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2922:Russian Empire
2919:
2914:
2912:British Empire
2909:
2907:Dutch Republic
2904:
2902:Swedish Empire
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2882:Spanish Empire
2879:
2874:
2872:Ottoman Empire
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Serbian Empire
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
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4712:Schatzgräber
4134:West Prussia
4114:Lower Styria
4052:Holland (SS)
3823:Upper Danube
3818:Lower Danube
3621:Hesse-Nassau
3591:East Prussia
3561:Baden-Alsace
3524:Nazi Germany
3522:divisions of
3511:Nazi Germany
3404:Transnistria
3366:Vatican City
3270:
2977:World War II
2830:Early modern
2807:Kalmar Union
2678:Papal States
2596:Roman Empire
2433:National Day
2398:Demographics
2388:Coat of arms
2383:Architecture
2223:Constitution
2067:
1985:
1964:
1950:
1936:
1912:
1905:H. Pemberton
1893:
1877:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:
1829:. Retrieved
1825:the original
1820:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1758:
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1725:
1713:. Retrieved
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1007:Italian Army
1004:
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984:Vichy French
980:World War II
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926:20th century
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839:Risorgimento
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800:(as well as
779:
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675:
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81:Please help
76:verification
73:
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35:Please help
32:
15:
4589:Netherlands
4389:Netherlands
4129:Sudetenland
4077:occupations
3913:Vistulaland
3790:Sudetenland
3742:Prinz-Eugen
3646:Mecklenburg
3442:Isle of Man
3377:recognition
3346:Switzerland
3281:Netherlands
2962:World War I
2952:Nationalism
2840:Reformation
2825:Renaissance
2797:Black Death
2730:Kievan Rus'
2633:Middle Ages
1972:(in French)
1899:(in French)
1765:29 February
1472:8 September
1351:R. Maltby,
1098:, in 1949.
1067:Switzerland
1017:German Army
738:département
718:sovereignty
701:Southampton
621:grants and
615:Ghibellines
463:Gallic Wars
355:Phoenicians
259:history of
4722:Bassgeiger
4702:New Swabia
4670:San Marino
4495:Montenegro
4419:Montenegro
4241:Luxembourg
4119:Luxembourg
3903:Vandalland
3868:Beskidland
3795:Wartheland
3768:Reichsgaus
3581:DĂĽsseldorf
3316:San Marino
3276:Montenegro
3256:Luxembourg
3236:Kazakhstan
3139:Azerbaijan
2725:Viking Age
2540:Prehistory
2423:Public art
2342:Euro coins
2296:Parliament
1967:(1934) by
1915:, London:
1404:19 October
1221:References
849:After 1860
835:Roquebrune
726:Louis XIII
689:Roquebrune
607:suzerainty
593:Fraxinetum
565:Ostrogoths
485:province (
461:After the
437:Roman rule
343:Monegasque
257:The early
185:improve it
109:newspapers
38:improve it
4743:Nordstern
4727:Edelweiss
4635:Turkestan
4625:Don-Volga
4525:Turkestan
4475:Cossackia
4414:Macedonia
4374:Lithuania
4279:Ljubljana
4164:Bialystok
4149:Districts
3813:Carinthia
3706:Weser-Ems
3696:Thuringia
3666:Pomerania
3651:Moselland
3606:Franconia
3432:Gibraltar
3251:Lithuania
2772:Feudalism
2743:Catalonia
2408:Languages
2352:Transport
2243:Elections
2218:Concordat
2172:Mont Agel
2150:Geography
1959:24364670M
1851:March 25,
1846:Heraldica
1546:The Times
1385:Histories
1039:René Blum
1012:Monaco.
654:Grimaldis
598:In 1191,
569:Justinian
532:Histories
383:Marseille
379:Phocaeans
189:verifying
44:talk page
4770:Category
4736:Proposed
4717:Holzauge
4620:Caucasia
4613:Proposed
4551:Brittany
4544:Proposed
4535:Wallonia
4520:Slovakia
4470:Bulgaria
4444:Wallonia
4434:Slovakia
4349:Flanders
4231:Slovakia
4180:Brussels
4173:Proposed
4139:Zichenau
4109:Lorraine
4057:Lombardy
4040:Proposed
3928:Westland
3918:Wallonia
3898:Nordmark
3893:Gothland
3883:Flanders
3878:Burgundy
3856:Proposed
3828:Salzburg
3735:Proposed
3721:Westmark
3661:NSDAP/AO
3566:Bayreuth
3543:Altreich
3452:Svalbard
3437:Guernsey
3384:Abkhazia
3331:Slovenia
3326:Slovakia
3301:Portugal
3159:Bulgaria
3011:See also
2982:Cold War
2777:Crusades
2747:Valencia
2485:Category
2440:Religion
2291:Monarchy
2281:Military
2196:Politics
2060:articles
1947:"Monaco"
1907:(1867),
1888:(1897),
1842:"Monaco"
1387:, III.42
1342:, VI.830
1235:"Monaco"
1184:See also
1163:COVID-19
1096:Louis II
1033:in 1944.
976:Louis II
948:absolute
886:Napoleon
824:Ligurian
671:Fieschis
666:Guelphic
662:Grimaldo
605:granted
603:Henry VI
589:Provence
581:Saracens
573:Lombards
467:Monoecus
431:Hercules
427:Ligurian
412:Monoikos
393:Heracles
367:Heracles
339:language
4695:Founded
4675:Tunisia
4660:Finland
4630:Muscovy
4604:Ukraine
4599:Ostland
4577:Founded
4530:Ukraine
4500:Romania
4490:Hungary
4465:Belarus
4439:Ukraine
4364:Hungary
4344:Denmark
4334:Croatia
4324:Belarus
4319:Austria
4309:Albania
4302:Founded
4212:Croatia
4157:Founded
4007:Galicia
3982:Founded
3888:Galicia
3873:Brabant
3805:Austria
3778:Founded
3752:Holland
3681:Silesia
3616:Hamburg
3554:Founded
3356:Ukraine
3306:Romania
3266:Moldova
3224:Ireland
3219:Iceland
3214:Hungary
3204:Germany
3199:Georgia
3189:Finland
3184:Estonia
3179:Denmark
3164:Croatia
3149:Belgium
3144:Belarus
3134:Austria
3129:Armenia
3124:Andorra
3119:Albania
2852:Baroque
2751:Majorca
2663:Francia
2469:Outline
2393:Cuisine
2366:Culture
2320:Economy
2208:Cabinet
2068:History
1791:Sources
1740:Twitter
1156:tourism
1152:casinos
1086:Gestapo
996:fascist
816:Italian
784:by the
561:Odoacer
535:, when
527:Tacitus
525:and in
498:Servius
408:Monoeci
390:demigod
363:Monoike
359:Melqart
320:Ligures
270:Liguria
183:Please
123:scholar
4665:Monaco
4594:Norway
4515:Serbia
4485:Greece
4480:France
4458:Exiled
4359:Greece
4354:France
4251:Serbia
4246:Poland
4236:Greece
4217:France
4094:Alsace
4075:German
4027:Warsaw
4017:Lublin
4012:KrakĂłw
3908:Venice
3843:Vienna
3833:Styria
3686:Swabia
3671:Saxony
3571:Berlin
3447:Jersey
3389:Kosovo
3351:Turkey
3341:Sweden
3321:Serbia
3311:Russia
3296:Poland
3291:Norway
3271:Monaco
3241:Latvia
3209:Greece
3194:France
3169:Cyprus
2739:Aragon
2718:Amalfi
2703:Venice
2691:Second
2490:Portal
2445:Sports
2378:Anthem
2337:Energy
2276:Mayors
2058:
2056:Monaco
1992:
1957:
1894:Monaco
1831:May 6,
1807:May 6,
1715:23 May
1690:23 May
1664:23 May
1621:
1598:23 May
1572:23 May
1516:28 May
1496:
1366:1.405.
1339:Aeneid
1311:
1284:
1175:Monaco
1047:Drancy
884:after
831:Menton
685:Menton
577:Franks
502:portus
494:Virgil
475:Greece
454:
448:
423:Strabo
400:Julian
316:Strabo
278:French
261:Monaco
125:
118:
111:
104:
96:
4688:Other
4384:Lokot
4379:Lepel
4369:Italy
4256:Banat
4124:Posen
4022:Radom
3863:Banat
3601:Essen
3422:Ă…land
3336:Spain
3261:Malta
3231:Italy
2708:Genoa
2686:First
2476:Index
2413:Music
2332:Banks
1759:BFMTV
1736:Tweet
1642:MSNBC
1563:(PDF)
1364:Lucan
1043:Paris
864:year.
802:Savoy
722:Spain
720:from
611:Genoa
479:Roman
387:Greek
328:Italy
324:Genoa
130:JSTOR
116:books
4640:Ural
4394:Nias
4314:Asch
3535:Gaus
2713:Pisa
2403:Flag
1990:ISBN
1853:2005
1833:2005
1809:2005
1767:2020
1717:2022
1692:2022
1666:2022
1619:ISBN
1600:2022
1574:2022
1518:2012
1494:ISBN
1474:2020
1406:2009
1309:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1077:and
910:The
833:and
798:Nice
706:The
652:The
585:Nice
483:Alps
421:and
102:news
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740:of
623:tax
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