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437:
522:, as well as elsewhere, along with the need to reposition the broadcasting antennas of several television channels. About 430,000 job-months and $ 2.8 billion in wages were lost in the three months after the attacks. The economic effects were mainly on the economy's export sectors. The city's GDP was estimated to have declined by $ 27.3 billion for the last three months of 2001 and all of 2002. The U.S. government provided $ 11.2 billion in immediate assistance to the
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591:. In terms of single-airplane crash incidents that were ruled accidental and not criminal, as of March 2014, no incident since then has surpassed that death toll, though before 2001 there had been deadlier incidents of this type. Although initially feared to be another act of terrorism, the crash was eventually found to have been caused by pilot error.
302:
609:, a Republican, was elected mayor in 2001, and reelected in 2005 and 2009. He used a statistical, results-based approach to city management, appointing city commissioners based on their expertise and granting them wide autonomy in their decision-making. Breaking with 190 years of tradition, he implemented what
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towers. The airplanes, designated for transcontinental flights and therefore fully loaded with jet fuel, were hijacked mid-flight and intentionally crashed into the towers in the early morning hours of
September 11. The crashes caused massive structural damage during impact, ripping gaping holes into
928:
COVID-19 cases and transmission decreased significantly between June and
September 2020. However, by the beginning of October 2020, twenty ZIP Codes were identified as cluster areas, which contained 26% of all positive cases in the state at the time. In response, the governor's office announced what
835:
said that the destruction caused by the storm was the worst disaster in the 108-year history of the New York City subway system. Sea water flooded the Ground Zero construction site. Over 10 billion gallons of raw and partially treated sewage were released by the storm, 94% of which went into waters
802:
brought another destructive storm surge to New York City on the evening of
October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas of the city and cutting off electricity in many parts of the city and its suburbs. City public schools closed for four
359:
and making the city more "liveable" by cracking down on crime. Changes in the worldwide economy during this time proved to be especially favorable to New York because of its highly developed transportation and communications infrastructure, as well as its massive population base. Over the course of
182:
repeatedly warned that filth, crime, and racial tensions were weakening the city. He put a high priority on rebuilding neighborhoods and infrastructure. One result was that gentrification brought new businesses to decrepit neighborhoods and converted low-end rental housing to co-ops and condos that
924:
had announced a four-phase reopening plan for regions in New York state, including New York City. Phase 1 of reopening in New York City began on June 8. The region reached its last phase of reopening six weeks later, on July 20. Between the city's first recorded case and the Phase 4 reopening, New
150:
has seen a cycle of modest boom and a bust in the 1980s, a major boom in the 1990s, and mixed prospects since then. This period has seen severe racial tension, a dramatic spike and fall of crime rates, and a major influx of immigrants growing the city's population past the eight million mark. The
177:
was fueling the speculative real estate market, and unemployment numbers dropped noticeably. Koch successfully balanced the city's budget ahead of schedule, allowing the city to re-enter the bond market and raise cash, effectively ending the city's financial crisis by 1981. However, the city's
936:
from enforcing restrictions on religious organizations to 25% of attendance capacity when other establishments operated at 50% of capacity. A federal lawsuit alleging religious discrimination began in June by
Catholic priests and Jewish congregants against Governor
537:
Hundreds of thousands of tons of toxic debris containing more than 2,500 contaminants, including known carcinogens, were spread across Lower
Manhattan due to the collapse of the Twin Towers. Exposure to the toxins in the debris is alleged to have contributed to
787:
in Lower
Manhattan worked to make the World Trade Center site hurricane-proof, and escaped major damage, just missing the tenth anniversary of 9/11. The winds knocked down many trees and power lines, leaving almost 350,000 homes and businesses without power in
183:
attracted young upscale professionals and business people. Koch's energetic efforts brought enormous attention from the media, but critics condemned his attacks on his opponents as "crazy," "wackos," and "radicals" and alleged he was racially divisive.
624:
Over the next ten years, a wave of public- and private-sector building projects reshaped large sections of the city, and a residential construction boom has resulted in permits being issued for over 25,000 new residential units every year. While the
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to issue reassuring statements regarding air quality in the aftermath of the attacks, citing national security, but the EPA did not determine that air quality had returned to pre-September 11 levels until June 2002. Many other
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who had crossed the southern border from Mexico, continuing their trip to New York City, partly with the help of officials in Texas. As of
October 2023, more than 65,400 migrants were staying in NYC homeless shelters.
1905:
1578:
2159:
United States. Congress. House. Committee on the
Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims, "The need to implement WHTI to protect U.S. homeland security", 2006. p. 24 of transcripts
231:
in the general election to become the city's first-ever black mayor. Crime began a 15-year decline in 1990 during
Dinkins's administration, but a combination of continued racial strife (such as that in the
836:
in and around New York and New Jersey. In addition, a four-story
Chelsea building's facade crumbled and collapsed, leaving the interior on full display; however, no one was hurt by the falling masonry.
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Johnson, Bruce D.; Golub, Andrew; Eloise Dunlap (2006). "The Rise and Decline of Hard Drugs, Drug Markets, and Violence in Inner-City New York". In Blumstein, Alfred; Wallman, Joel (eds.).
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was badly beaten and raped. The illegal drug trade flourished, causing the murder rate to soar, and dividing the city into areas ruled by different drug lords. It became known as the
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trading floor, in which dozens of aides and managerial staff are seated together in a large chamber. The design is intended to promote accountability and accessibility.
1650:
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1933:
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Gonen, Yoav; Goldenberg, Sally; Li, David K.; Stretten, Amy; Simeone, Jessica; Sutherland, Amber; Mongelli, Lorena; Celona, Larry; Antenucci, Antonio (2012-10-30).
249:
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was closed for trading for two days, the first weather closure of the exchange since 1985. It was also the first two-day weather closure since the Great
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boom that took place concomitantly, as well as the precipitous drop in crime, although stubbornly high unemployment remained a local problem. Mayor
282:), bringing both towers down and killing tens of thousands of people. It failed to do so, but did kill six people and injured more than a thousand.
3248:
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783:, both of which experienced serious flooding, were among the worst-hit towns on Long Island, and many roads were left impassable. The workers at
2752:
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Williams, Mason B. "How the Rockefeller Laws Hit the Streets: Drug Policing and the Politics of State Competence in New York City, 1973–1989."
198:
fell victim to a crime epidemic that saw more crimes being committed on the subway each year than in any other subway system around the world.
28:
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was proposed as a result of the crisis. A subway "action plan" and a "genius challenge" were also announced as possible solutions.
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Carroll, Tamar W. "Social protest photography and public history: 'Whose streets? Our streets!': New York City, 1980–2000."
579:, killing all 260 people on board and five others on the ground. It was the second-deadliest aviation incident involving an
3554:
Spear, Michael. "The struggle to build a progressive urban politics: Frank Barbaro's 1981 New York City mayoral campaign."
3224:"'Absolute Monarchy': Catholic Priests, Jewish Congregants Sue Cuomo, De Blasio Over Double Standards On Worship, Protests"
2815:
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the decade, the city's image transformed from being one of a bygone, decaying metropolis to one of the world's preeminent "
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the towers, and ignited raging fires, that caused both weakened towers to collapse in less than two hours. Together with
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and Mayor de Blasio. Mayor Bill de Blasio apologized to the Orthodox Jewish community for his handling of the shutdown.
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York City had recorded more than 218,000 COVID-19 cases, including 18,787 deaths directly attributed to the disease.
860:
120:
110:
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741:) were unable to broadcast because of the lack of electricity in the New York City area, but back-up stations in
706:
260:
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1381:"Homemade, Cheap and dangerous – Terror Cells Favor from {megan anderson} Simple Ingredients In Building Bombs"
657:
634:
600:
3131:
2979:"New daily coronavirus cases in New York are now lower than at the beginning of the outbreak, Gov. Cuomo says"
2429:
1168:
1407:"Senate Judiciary Committee Hearings: Foreign Terrorists in America: Five Years After the World Trade Center"
746:
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1887:
The subway series: the Yankees, the Mets and a season to remember. St. Louis, Mo.: The Sporting News. 2000.
526:
in September 2001, and $ 10.5 billion in early 2002 for economic development and infrastructure needs.
3432:
588:
564:
2781:
1242:
969:
As of October 2023, more than 130,600 migrants had arrived in New York City since the spring of 2022. The
344:
The city rebounded in the mid- and late 1990s due to the steady expansion of the national economy and the
285:
Mayor Dinkins faced considerable opposition from members of the police force, which escalated into a 1992
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523:
480:
468:
449:
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890:, killing at least eight people and injuring at least 15. Most of those who were hit were bike riders.
488:
471:
445:
1719:
NHL Stanley Cup Winners Vol 4: June 14, 1994: Vancouver Canucks vs New York Rangers-Stanley Cup Game 7
551:
followed the attack, either out of fear of further attacks or respect for the tragedy. Cleanup of the
293:
addressed the crowd. In late 1993, David Dinkins was defeated by Giuliani in his bid for reelection.
252:
from the city, where in a 1993 referendum, 65% voted to secede, but implementation was blocked in the
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90:
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on August 14, 2003, at 4:11 PM, leaving the city without electricity for over a day. Unlike in the
21:
3105:"Coronavirus Updates: Cuomo Identifies The 20 ZIP Codes With Increasing COVID-19 Positivity Rates"
1489:"If You're Thinking of Living In/The Financial District; In Wall Street's Canyons, Cliff Dwellers"
3473:(Yale University Press, 1995) 1350 pages; articles by experts; 2nd expanded edition 2010, 1585pp
3301:"NYC Mayor de Blasio apologizes to Orthodox Jewish leaders for city's handling of COVID shutdown"
1448:
812:
789:
552:
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333:
253:
3049:"'It Has to Stop:' Cuomo Threatens to Reverse NYC Reopening, Now in Phase 4, Over Noncompliance"
831:
had a water surge of 13.88 ft. Seven subway tunnels under the East River were flooded. The
178:
reputation for crime and disorder was still very much a part of New Yorkers' daily lives. Mayor
3104:
987:
702:
667:
279:
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168:
3274:"Suit Filed Alleging Religious Discrimination in Actions by Cuomo and De Blasio | Hamodia.com"
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they called "direct enforcement" of COVID-19 related restrictions in high-risk neighborhoods.
863:
was declared after years of deferred maintenance on the city's subways, buses, and railroads.
1876:
745:
and flagship transmitters there made it possible for prime-time television to be broadcast. (
701:
information hotline received over 175,000 calls from concerned residents during the weekend.
186:
For years enormous attention followed the criminal trials resulted when a woman known as the
173:
Compared to the 1970s, the 1980s were a time of restrained optimism in New York. The boom on
94:
3566:
Fight the power: African Americans and the long history of police brutality in New York City
2292:
278:
gas enhanced device was intended to knock the North Tower (Tower One) into the South Tower (
1831:
776:
772:
679:
626:
568:
431:
337:
195:
152:
98:
3080:"Coronavirus on S.I.: No additional deaths reported; 24 new cases, hospitalizations at 17"
709:
provided a backup communications link to emergency shelters and hospitals. Amateur radio
8:
2944:
2217:
2139:
1989:
1676:
Blinebury, Fran (June 13, 2004). "BELIEVE IT: 10 YEARS LATER; 'The Times of Our Lives'".
963:. Incumbent Mayor Bill de Blasio was term-limited and ineligible to run for re-election.
912:, which itself had the highest number of confirmed coronavirus cases of any state in the
584:
348:
2293:"Bloomberg Administration Is Developing Land Use Plan to Accommodate Future Populations"
1958:
Dolfman, Michael L.; Wasser, Solidelle F. (2004). "9/11 and the New York City Economy".
2886:
2757:
2702:
2660:
Report Cites Large Release of Sewage From Hurricane Sandy New York Times April 30, 2013
2277:
2064:
1802:
1561:
1098:
908:. By April 2020, New York City was experiencing the most deaths of any locality in the
780:
646:
465:
233:
159:
in 2001 had a lasting impact on the city that continues to reverberate to the present.
102:
713:
were supplied with emergency power and remained functional. Many major U.S. networks (
244:) caused Dinkins' popularity to seriously decline (including a threat by residents of
106:
3638:
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3202:
3017:
2823:
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2726:
2505:
1888:
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1615:
1565:
1538:"Imperial New York: Destruction and Disneyfication under Emperor Giuliani. Review of
1516:
1234:
1105:
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973:
was called a humanitarian crisis by Mayor Eric Adams. Many of the migrants have been
905:
875:
606:
511:
419:
415:
411:
407:
395:
305:
3326:"De Blasio apologizes to ultra-Orthodox leaders over lack of COVID-19 communication"
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448:
was crashed into it by hijackers; the other tower, the North Tower has been hit by
399:
368:
352:
290:
241:
228:
904:
The city was in a state of lockdown between March 22 and June 8, 2020, amidst the
844:
Bloomberg was term-limited; after his third term, he could not run again in 2013.
3599:
2436:
1606:
824:
799:
756:
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out of service for several periods of about a quarter-hour each. New York City's
507:
391:
384:
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240:
rate reached 13.4 percent, the highest level of joblessness seen there since the
216:
in such matters as employment and housing in 1986. In 1989, Koch was defeated by
1311:"Beep Honor Peace Coalition: Crown Heights leaders reflect on 10-year milestone"
852:, and was sworn into the mayor's office on January 1, 2014, by former President
3443:. It originally aired in 1999 with additional episodes airing in 2001 and 2003.
2185:
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367:
As for sports, 1994 saw a great chapter in the city's sports history, with the
209:
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34:
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1599:
3532:
The Prince of the City: Giuliani, New York, and the Genius of American Life
3249:"Orthodox Jews sue de Blasio, Cuomo for discrimination over lockdown rules"
2859:
2250:
1100:
New York Murder Mystery: The True Story Behind the Crime Crash of the 1990s
938:
921:
853:
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768:
638:
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356:
316:
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became a serious problem during the 1980s, specifically in the last two of
201:
187:
2816:"M.T.A. Asks Transit Fans, 'Who Wants to Be a Subway-Saving Millionaire?'"
587:, and the second-deadliest aviation incident to occur on U.S. soil, after
542:
among people who were at ground zero. The Bush administration ordered the
1512:
Urban Nightmares: The Media, the Right, And the Moral Panic Over the City
1238:
974:
784:
760:
738:
670:
is now the city's tallest building, opening in 2014 it alongside the new
618:
580:
515:
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primary in his bid for a fourth term, and then Dinkins narrowly defeated
205:
174:
3559:
3010:"New York City Begins Reopening After 3 Months of Outbreak and Hardship"
2882:"Multiple Deaths Reported as Driver Careens Down Bike Path in Manhattan"
2636:"Superstorm Sandy: flood, wind damage and travel chaos in New York City"
1230:
3184:"Federal Judge Rules Against New York's Outdoor Gathering Restrictions"
1793:
956:
820:
642:
529:
213:
1978:
966:
On 1 January 2022, Eric Adams was sworn in as mayor of New York City.
3525:
David Dinkins and New York City Politics: Race, Images, and the Media
3436:
2850:"Terrorism suspected after Truck Driver Kills Six in Lower Manhattan"
2527:"Hurricane Sandy to keep stock markets shuttered Tuesday, Market Day"
2430:
Superstorm Sandy causes at least 9 U.S. deaths as it slams East Coast
1163:
Lynnell Hancock, "Wolf pack: the press and the Central Park jogger,"
764:
403:
355:, a former federal prosecutor, is credited by many for revitalizing
236:
in 1991), and an extremely weak economy (in January 1993 the city's
2960:"How New York became the epicenter of America's coronavirus crisis"
2917:
2854:
710:
519:
461:
275:
2753:"Cuomo Calls Manhattan Traffic Plan an Idea 'Whose Time Has Come'"
3132:"Second Shutdown Set For COVID-19 Clusters And Surrounding Areas"
2672:"Hurricane Sandy: Large sections of Manhattan left without power"
2318:"From Ashes of Olympic Bid, a Future Rises for the Far West Side"
1740:
879:
687:
456:
On September 11, 2001, Islamic terrorist hijackers linked to the
179:
1852:
Baseball-Reference.com - Major League Statistics and Information
1277:"THE 1989 ELECTIONS: THE NEW YORK VOTE; Almost Lost at the Wire"
2719:"Cuomo Declares a State of Emergency for New York City Subways"
811:
canceled all classes and campus activities for October 30. The
742:
630:
572:
3495:
Miyares, Ines M. "Changing Latinization of New York City." in
1542:. Samuel R. Delany. New York: New York University Press, 1999"
3464:
Branding New York: How a city in crisis was sold to the world
3422:
Bloomberg's New York: Class and Governance in the Luxury City
3158:"Judge blocks 25% capacity rule for religious services in NY"
698:
694:
457:
3379:
2880:
Mueller, Benjamin; K. Rashbaum, William (October 31, 2017).
506:
The 9/11 attacks led to a temporary exodus of business from
328:
3431:(2003), large-scale book version of Burns PBS documentary,
2913:"New York attack: At least six killed by man driving truck"
1957:
1515:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 111.
804:
3435:
an eight part, 17½ hour documentary film directed by
2476:"Follow live Hurricane Sandy updates from around the city"
1979:"The Economic Effects of 9/11: A Retrospective Assessment"
763:
to New York City on the evening of August 24–25, 2011. In
690:'s emergency generators failed several times, leaving the
2473:
2367:"Port Authority Reopens North Tube of the Holland Tunnel"
1776:
Costello, Brian (August 8, 2004). "'94 Yanks Cut Short".
1295:"Judge Accepts a Guilty Plea in '91 Crown Heights Unrest"
1183:
History Book, 1876–1990" (drug usage & enforcement),
1070:
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734:
730:
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301:
3387:"What to Know About the Migrant Crisis in New York City"
2782:"Rescue Plan to Improve Subways Includes Removing Seats"
2607:"Worst disaster in NYC subway's history, says MTA chief"
2420:– Reuters – August 29, 2011 – Retrieved August 30, 2011.
1404:
2393:"Long Island pounded by Irene but residents feel lucky"
2347:. New York Independent System Operator. January 8, 2004
2244:
Bella, Timothy; Fearnow, Benjamin (November 11, 2011).
1908:. The Online Rocket. September 12, 2008. Archived from
493:
a failed plane hijacking that resulted in a plane crash
208:'s three terms as mayor (1978–1990). The city outlawed
3549:
After the World Trade Center: Rethinking New York City
1651:"2 Overtimes Later, It's a Final and It's the Rangers"
1405:
Childers, J. Gilmore; Henry J. DePippo (1998-02-24).
3634:
A Mayor's Life: Governing New York's Gorgeous Mosaic
2553:"Water, fire and darkness: NYC after the superstorm"
2246:"Remembering America's Second-Deadliest Plane Crash"
1215:"Deinstitutionalization in the absence of consensus"
2695:
2418:"Long Island residents frustrated by power outages"
1258:"Business and the Law; AIDS and Job Discrimination"
1212:
932:During the pandemic, a federal judge blocked Mayor
916:; at the time, one-third of total known U.S. cases
3407:(2007). Recent social change in all five boroughs.
2879:
2012:"Buildings Rise from Rubble while Health Crumbles"
1922:Retrieved from Internet Archive February 15, 2014.
1097:
617:called a "bullpen" open office plan, similar to a
3457:Modern New York: The Life and Economics of a City
3448:Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
2342:"Interim Report on the August 14, 2003, Blackout"
823:overflowed its banks, flooding large sections of
3649:
3476:
2373:(Press release). August 28, 2011. Archived from
2087:"Tracing Lung Ailments That Rose With 9/11 Dust"
1761:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1744:. Archived from the original on October 12, 1999
1449:"FBI 100 First Strike: Global Terror in America"
402:began a dynasty led by manager (and New Yorker)
3369:"Eric Adams sworn in as mayor of New York City"
2698:"Taking Office, de Blasio Vows to Fix Inequity"
1378:
162:
3182:June 26, Ryan Tarinelli |; PM, 2020 at 04:42.
2907:
2848:Helsel, Phil; Winter, Tom (October 31, 2017).
2386:
2384:
2053:
1398:
1329:"New York City Has Sharp Rise In Jobless Rate"
390:The Knicks made it to the NBA Finals again in
1486:
1471:"Giuliani ousts Dinkins by a thin margin ..."
1355:"'Home Rule' Factor May Block S.I. Secession"
1326:
128:
3405:New York Calling: From Blackout to Bloomberg
2976:
2847:
2273:"Bloomberg Vows to Work at Center of Things"
2243:
1906:"Lost lives remembered during 9/11 ceremony"
558:
3539:Ed Koch and the Rebuilding of New York City
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2779:
2716:
2381:
1845:
1202:The New York Transit Authority in the 1970s
1152:Ed Koch and the Rebuilding of New York City
1127:"AGENTS TELL OF DRUG'S GRIP ON WALL STREET"
3221:
1931:
1827:"Imagine: Buck's Yankees, but Not Jeter's"
1124:
135:
121:
2940:"Coronavirus in New York: Latest Updates"
2371:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
2186:"Montreal man downed US plane, CSIS told"
1675:
1638:. Toronto: Key Porter Books. p. 106.
1600:The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo.
1546:GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies
955:On 2 November 2021, Democratic candidate
3547:Sorkin, Michael, and Sharon Zukin, eds.
3412:New York City Politics: Governing Gotham
3403:Berman, Marshall and Brian Berger, eds.
3130:says, JimmieMWiggins (October 7, 2020).
3077:
2109:
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1352:
839:
662:
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549:closings, evacuations, and cancellations
528:
435:
383:, where they lost in seven games to the
327:
315:
300:
3366:
3046:
3007:
2750:
2696:Michael M. Grynbaum (January 1, 2014).
2501:"Stock market to remain closed Tuesday"
2316:Bagli, Charles V. (November 27, 2011).
2290:
2136:"Ceremony closes 'Ground Zero' cleanup"
2112:"White House edited EPA's 9/11 reports"
2084:
1976:
1936:. Broadcast Engineering. Archived from
1636:Hockey Night in Canada: My Greatest Day
1274:
944:
633:, New York was among the finalists and
394:, where they lost in five games to the
296:
3650:
3518:Mike Bloomberg: Money, Power, Politics
3298:
3138:from the original on November 16, 2020
3059:from the original on November 16, 2020
2813:
2780:Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (July 25, 2017).
2717:Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (June 29, 2017).
2498:
2390:
1858:from the original on December 12, 2007
1693:"After huge effort, Knicks fall short"
1468:
1213:Scherl DJ, Macht LB (September 1979).
1095:
993:Timeline of New York City, 1950s–1970s
910:coronavirus pandemic in New York State
729:) and some cable TV networks (such as
555:was completed by the end of May 2002.
533:Lower Manhattan on September 11, 2001.
3506:A history of housing in New York City
3499:(U of Texas Press, 2021) pp. 145-166.
3323:
3181:
2315:
2271:Nagourney, Adam (December 25, 2001).
2009:
1970:
1932:Bloomfield, Larry (October 1, 2001).
1824:
1792:
1535:
1508:
1353:McFadden, Robert D. (March 5, 1994).
1255:
833:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
749:chose instead to cover the news from
577:John F. Kennedy International Airport
544:Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
425:
3222:Schreirber, Sholom (June 13, 2020).
3129:
2550:
2213:"Canadian Report Causes AA 587 Stir"
2183:
2168:
2061:"New York: 9/11 toxins caused death"
1977:Makinen, Gail (September 27, 2002).
1690:
1469:Purdum, Todd S. (November 3, 1993).
951:New York City migrant housing crisis
893:
3047:Millman, Jennifer (July 20, 2020).
2977:Higgins-Dunn, Noah (May 22, 2020).
2499:Andrew, Tangel (October 29, 2012).
2221:. September 3, 2004. Archived from
2138:. CNN. May 30, 2002. Archived from
2063:. CNN. May 24, 2007. Archived from
2010:Gates, Anita (September 11, 2006).
1579:"NYC crime rate cut with penalties"
1540:Times Square Red, Times Square Blue
1487:Aaron Donovan (September 9, 2001).
1441:
1053:2021 New York City mayoral election
1048:2017 New York City mayoral election
1043:2013 New York City mayoral election
1038:2009 New York City mayoral election
1033:2005 New York City mayoral election
1028:2001 New York City mayoral election
1023:1997 New York City mayoral election
1018:1993 New York City mayoral election
1013:1989 New York City mayoral election
1008:1985 New York City mayoral election
1003:1981 New York City mayoral election
998:1977 New York City mayoral election
259:On February 26, 1993, a truck bomb
13:
3618:
3479:Rudy Giuliani: Emperor of the City
3396:
3367:Helmore, Edward (2 January 2022).
3008:Goodman, J. David (June 7, 2020).
2529:. October 29, 2012. Archived from
2291:Roberts, Sam (November 26, 2006).
1588:, BCHeights.com, November 3, 2005.
900:COVID-19 pandemic in New York City
652:New York City was affected by the
324:skyline before September 11, 2001.
14:
3669:
3471:The Encyclopedia of New York City
3078:Donnelly, Frank (July 20, 2020).
3028:from the original on June 7, 2020
2989:from the original on June 8, 2020
2751:Santora, Marc (August 13, 2017).
2184:Bell, Stewart (August 27, 2004).
2085:DePalma, Anthony (May 13, 2006).
1491:. The New York Times: Real Estate
647:extension of the 7 subway service
501:2,977 victims died in the attacks
270:. The 1,336 pounds (606 kg)
3429:New York: An Illustrated History
2391:Benkoe, Jeff (August 28, 2011).
2110:Heilprin, John (June 23, 2003).
1275:Roberts, Sam (9 November 1989).
474:into each of the twin 110 story
3427:Burns, Ric, and James Sanders.
3424:(2011), A geographical approach
3360:
3342:
3317:
3292:
3266:
3241:
3215:
3175:
3150:
3123:
3097:
3071:
3040:
3001:
2970:
2952:
2932:
2901:
2873:
2841:
2814:Barron, James (June 29, 2017).
2807:
2773:
2744:
2710:
2689:
2664:
2653:
2628:
2599:
2578:"Tracking Storm Sandy Recovery"
2570:
2544:
2519:
2492:
2467:
2442:
2423:
2410:
2359:
2334:
2309:
2284:
2265:
2237:
2205:
2177:
2162:
2153:
2128:
2103:
2078:
2028:
2003:
1951:
1934:"New York broadcasters rebuild"
1925:
1898:
1881:
1870:
1839:
1818:
1786:
1769:
1728:
1711:
1684:
1669:
1642:
1624:
1591:
1572:
1529:
1502:
1480:
1462:
1428:
1372:
1346:
1327:Johnson, Kirk (March 6, 1997).
1320:
1304:
1287:
1268:
971:migrant crisis in New York City
660:, there was no major looting.
540:fatal or debilitating illnesses
289:, at which his political rival
3582:
3497:Hispanic Spaces, Latino Places
3253:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
2555:. TheState.com. Archived from
1986:Congressional Research Service
1649:LaPointe, Joe (May 28, 1994).
1379:Whitlock, Craig (2005-07-05).
1256:Lewin, Tamar (15 April 1986).
1249:
1206:
1194:
1173:
1157:
1144:
1118:
1089:
1075:. Cambridge University Press.
1064:
959:won the New York City mayoral
686:However, during the blackout,
658:New York City blackout of 1977
637:resulted in a plan to replace
601:Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg
1:
1736:"Official Website on NBA.com"
1411:US Senate Judiciary Committee
1125:Peter Kerr (April 18, 1987).
1058:
3433:New York: A Documentary Film
2551:Long, Colleen (2012-10-29).
2036:"What was Found in the Dust"
1691:Hahn, Alan (June 14, 2009).
920:. By May, New York governor
589:American Airlines Flight 191
565:American Airlines Flight 587
406:winning the World Series in
373:first Stanley Cup since 1940
163:Koch and Dinkins (1978–1993)
7:
3350:"New York Election Results"
3324:Marsh, Julia (2020-10-20).
1825:Amore, Dom (May 15, 2005).
1187:, 1991, USDoJ.gov webpage:
981:
870:On October 31, 2017, a man
654:2003 North America blackout
575:shortly after takeoff from
524:government of New York City
450:American Airlines Flight 11
442:original World Trade Center
10:
3674:
2911:staff (October 31, 2017).
2450:"Hurricane Sandy closures"
2116:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1877:1999 World Series Coverage
1612:Princeton University Press
1165:Columbia Journalism Review
948:
897:
705:attached to New York City
598:
446:United Airlines Flight 175
429:
166:
45:Federal and early American
3477:Kirtzman, Andrew (2001).
3469:Jackson, Kenneth T., ed.
1798:"Lost Games, Lost Dreams"
1219:Hosp Community Psychiatry
1189:DoJ-DEA-History-1985-1990
1073:The Crime Drop in America
692:emergency services number
559:November 2001 plane crash
497:Shanksville, Pennsylvania
452:around 15 minutes earlier
50:Tammany and Consolidation
29:Lenape and New Netherland
3658:History of New York City
1558:10.1215/10642684-7-1-101
1185:US Department of Justice
605:Billionaire media baron
263:in a basement garage of
22:History of New York City
3573:Modern American History
1536:Rofes, Eric E. (2001).
1438:, Knopf, (2006) p. 178.
1096:Karmen, Andrew (2000).
813:New York Stock Exchange
703:Amateur radio operators
553:World Trade Center site
440:The South Tower of the
334:World Trade Center site
2169:Bell, Stewart (2005).
988:American urban history
759:brought a destructive
753:during the blackout).
683:
668:One World Trade Center
563:On November 12, 2001,
534:
453:
371:finally winning their
341:
325:
313:
214:gay and lesbian people
169:Crime in New York City
40:British and Revolution
3614:(Lonely planet, 2010)
1912:on September 16, 2010
1678:The Houston Chronicle
1509:Macek, Steve (2006).
918:were in New York City
840:De Blasio (2014–2021)
674:complex replaced the
666:
595:Bloomberg (2002–2013)
532:
481:a simultaneous attack
439:
331:
319:
304:
3610:Otis, Ginger Adams.
3508:(Columbia UP, 2018).
3188:New York Law Journal
2642:. London. 2012-10-30
1960:Monthly Labor Review
1832:The Hartford Courant
945:Adams (2022–present)
872:drove a pickup truck
773:Meatpacking District
627:2012 Summer Olympics
432:September 11 attacks
387:, at the same time.
338:September 11 attacks
297:Giuliani (1994–2001)
196:New York City Subway
153:September 11 attacks
71:Modern and post-9/11
3575:4.1 (2021): 67-90.
3462:Greenberg, Miriam.
3450:57.1 (2021): 34-59.
3299:Shahrigian, Shant.
2533:on October 30, 2012
2218:Wave of Long Island
2042:. September 5, 2006
1990:Library of Congress
1848:"1998 World Series"
1796:(August 26, 2002).
1315:New York Daily News
1293:William Glaberson,
1231:10.1176/ps.30.9.599
848:won the subsequent
629:ultimately went to
613:political reporter
585:Iran Air Flight 655
489:Arlington, Virginia
188:Central Park Jogger
3568:(NYU Press, 2021).
3564:Taylor, Clarence.
3551:. Routledge, 2013.
3537:Soffer, Jonathan.
3527:(SUNY Press, 2012)
3481:. Harper Collins.
3389:. 19 October 2023.
3356:. 2 November 2021.
3354:The New York Times
3014:The New York Times
2887:The New York Times
2820:The New York Times
2786:The New York Times
2758:The New York Times
2723:The New York Times
2703:The New York Times
2435:2013-01-20 at the
2322:The New York Times
2297:The New York Times
2278:The New York Times
2225:on January 7, 2009
2091:The New York Times
2016:The New York Times
1803:The New York Times
1605:2015-03-16 at the
1474:The New York Times
1434:Wright, Lawrence,
1359:The New York Times
1333:The New York Times
1317:, August 23, 2001.
1299:The New York Times
1281:The New York Times
1262:The New York Times
1131:The New York Times
865:Congestion pricing
684:
672:World Trade Center
535:
510:to places such as
476:World Trade Center
454:
444:immediately after
426:September 11, 2001
342:
326:
322:World Trade Center
314:
265:World Trade Center
234:Crown Heights Riot
157:World Trade Center
61:Early 20th century
3643:978-1-61039-301-0
3637:. PublicAffairs,
3625:Dinkins, David N.
3466:(Routledge, 2009)
3111:. October 3, 2020
2966:. March 27, 2020.
2948:. March 28, 2020.
2678:. 29 October 2012
2506:Los Angeles Times
2416:Jonathan Allen –
2171:The Martyr's Oath
1597:Sassen, Saskia -
1301:, April 13, 2002.
1150:Jonathan Soffer,
906:COVID-19 pandemic
894:COVID-19 pandemic
876:Hudson River Park
680:September 11 2001
607:Michael Bloomberg
567:crashed into the
512:Midtown Manhattan
396:San Antonio Spurs
379:making it to the
306:NASDAQ MarketSite
145:
144:
66:Post–World War II
3665:
3607:
3556:New York History
3523:Rich, Wilbur C.
3504:Plunz, Richard.
3492:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3228:The Jewish Voice
3219:
3213:
3212:
3206:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2668:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2613:. Archived from
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2584:. Archived from
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2446:
2440:
2427:
2421:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2288:
2282:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1983:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1902:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1846:Forman, Sean L.
1843:
1837:
1836:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1628:
1622:
1595:
1589:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1445:
1439:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1413:. Archived from
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1324:
1318:
1308:
1302:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1241:. Archived from
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1177:
1171:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1103:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1068:
878:'s bike path in
850:mayoral election
817:Blizzard of 1888
751:Washington, D.C.
676:original complex
645:, as well as an
571:neighborhood of
400:New York Yankees
369:New York Rangers
353:Rudolph Giuliani
291:Rudolph Giuliani
242:Great Depression
229:Rudolph Giuliani
222:Democratic Party
137:
130:
123:
18:
17:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3648:
3647:
3621:
3619:Primary sources
3588:
3585:
3558:(2010): 45–69.
3544:
3489:
3420:Brash, Julian.
3410:Berg, Bruce F.
3399:
3397:Further reading
3394:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3365:
3361:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3334:
3332:
3322:
3318:
3309:
3307:
3305:nydailynews.com
3297:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3280:. June 14, 2020
3272:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3220:
3216:
3200:
3199:
3192:
3190:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3164:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3139:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2975:
2971:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2778:
2774:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2715:
2711:
2694:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2611:The Borneo Post
2605:
2604:
2600:
2591:
2589:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2560:
2549:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2511:
2509:
2497:
2493:
2484:
2482:
2472:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2437:Wayback Machine
2428:
2424:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2389:
2382:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2326:
2324:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2289:
2285:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2182:
2178:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2108:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1993:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1930:
1926:
1915:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1840:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1791:
1787:
1774:
1770:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1685:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1647:
1643:
1632:Morrison, Scott
1629:
1625:
1607:Wayback Machine
1596:
1592:
1577:
1573:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1385:Washington Post
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1325:
1321:
1309:
1305:
1292:
1288:
1273:
1269:
1254:
1250:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1178:
1174:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1069:
1065:
1061:
984:
953:
947:
902:
896:
888:Chambers Street
842:
825:Lower Manhattan
800:Hurricane Sandy
771:flooded in the
757:Hurricane Irene
603:
597:
561:
508:Lower Manhattan
434:
428:
385:Houston Rockets
377:New York Knicks
299:
171:
165:
141:
109:
88:
69:
64:
59:
53:
48:
43:
38:
32:
12:
11:
5:
3671:
3661:
3660:
3646:
3645:
3629:Knobler, Peter
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3608:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3562:
3552:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3530:Siegel, Fred.
3528:
3521:
3514:Purnick, Joyce
3510:
3509:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3487:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3425:
3418:
3408:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3378:
3359:
3341:
3316:
3291:
3265:
3240:
3214:
3174:
3149:
3122:
3096:
3070:
3039:
3000:
2969:
2951:
2931:
2900:
2872:
2840:
2806:
2772:
2743:
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1782:. p. 58.
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3053:NBC New York
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2456:. 2012-10-29
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2251:The Atlantic
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1806:. p. D1
1801:
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1739:
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1703:September 7,
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1696:
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1677:
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1659:. Retrieved
1657:. p. 27
1654:
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1415:the original
1410:
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1390:September 9,
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1384:
1374:
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1358:
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1336:. Retrieved
1332:
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1243:the original
1222:
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1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1130:
1120:
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1091:
1072:
1066:
968:
965:
954:
939:Andrew Cuomo
931:
927:
922:Andrew Cuomo
903:
869:
858:
854:Bill Clinton
843:
829:Battery Park
798:
769:Hudson River
755:
685:
651:
639:Shea Stadium
635:the campaign
623:
610:
604:
569:Belle Harbor
562:
536:
505:
485:the Pentagon
464:piloted two
455:
389:
366:
357:Times Square
349:stock market
343:
310:Times Square
284:
272:urea nitrate
258:
238:unemployment
202:Homelessness
200:
185:
172:
146:
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3583:Guide books
3089:December 4,
2924:October 31,
2893:October 31,
2865:October 31,
2229:October 16,
2197:October 16,
1992:. p. 5
1862:December 9,
1794:Curry, Jack
1364:October 20,
975:Venezuelans
859:In 2017, a
785:Ground Zero
761:storm surge
739:Nickelodeon
643:new stadium
619:Wall Street
581:Airbus A300
516:Jersey City
346:Wall Street
287:police riot
206:Edward Koch
175:Wall Street
89:Timelines:
68:, 1946–1977
63:, 1898–1945
52:, 1855–1897
47:, 1784–1854
42:, 1665–1783
3335:2020-11-07
3310:2020-11-07
3142:October 8,
3115:October 5,
2682:2012-11-04
2646:2012-10-30
2621:2012-10-03
2592:2012-10-30
2563:2012-10-30
2537:2012-10-29
2512:2012-10-29
2485:2012-10-29
2460:2012-10-29
2327:2011-11-28
2302:2011-08-07
2146:2013-11-24
2121:2011-09-04
2096:2011-09-04
2071:2011-09-04
2046:2011-09-04
2021:2011-09-04
1996:2011-09-04
1944:2011-09-03
1916:August 29,
1748:2014-05-05
1495:2010-01-14
1455:2011-09-08
1421:2008-01-08
1059:References
957:Eric Adams
821:East River
796:counties.
777:Long Beach
381:NBA Finals
336:after the
226:Republican
167:See also:
3604:15144824W
3437:Ric Burns
3109:Gothamist
3022:0362-4331
2828:0362-4331
2794:0362-4331
2767:0362-4331
2731:0362-4331
1610:(1991) -
1566:144081737
1451:. FBI.gov
874:into the
765:Manhattan
711:repeaters
472:airliners
469:passenger
404:Joe Torre
280:Tower Two
268:Tower One
261:detonated
56:Civil War
31:, to 1664
3652:Category
3631:(2013).
3598:. 1999.
3596:Let's Go
3560:in JSTOR
3414:(2007)
3284:July 10,
3258:July 10,
3233:July 10,
3203:cite web
3193:July 10,
3167:July 10,
3162:ABC News
3136:Archived
3063:July 20,
3057:Archived
3026:Archived
2987:Archived
2945:New York
2918:BBC News
2909:BBC News
2855:NBC News
2833:July 26,
2799:July 25,
2736:July 25,
2433:Archived
1856:Archived
1810:June 20,
1757:cite web
1634:(2008).
1603:Archived
1582:Archived
1136:March 2,
982:See also
961:election
882:between
781:Freeport
583:, after
520:Brooklyn
466:hijacked
462:Al-Qaeda
458:jihadist
375:and the
276:hydrogen
212:against
111:Category
99:Brooklyn
79:See also
3416:excerpt
3278:Hamodia
3032:June 8,
2993:June 8,
2582:Reuters
2397:Reuters
1741:NBA.com
1724:YouTube
1697:Newsday
1661:June 5,
1167:(2003)
880:Tribeca
794:Suffolk
688:Verizon
641:with a
220:in the
180:Ed Koch
155:on the
3641:
3602:
3577:online
3541:(2010)
3534:(2005)
3520:(2009)
3485:
3459:(2012)
3084:silive
3020:
2826:
2792:
2765:
2729:
2257:May 2,
1891:
1618:
1564:
1519:
1338:May 1,
1239:223959
1237:
1169:online
1154:(2010)
1108:
1079:
819:. The
803:days.
790:Nassau
767:, the
743:Dallas
737:, and
725:, and
631:London
573:Queens
518:, and
491:, and
418:, and
398:. The
250:secede
194:. The
103:Queens
2345:(PDF)
1982:(PDF)
1562:S2CID
695:9-1-1
95:Bronx
3639:ISBN
3483:ISBN
3439:for
3286:2020
3260:2020
3235:2020
3209:link
3195:2020
3169:2020
3144:2020
3117:2020
3091:2020
3065:2020
3034:2020
3018:ISSN
2995:2020
2983:CNBC
2926:2017
2895:2017
2867:2017
2835:2017
2824:ISSN
2801:2017
2790:ISSN
2763:ISSN
2738:2017
2727:ISSN
2404:2011
2353:2008
2259:2014
2231:2013
2199:2013
1918:2010
1889:ISBN
1864:2007
1812:2009
1763:link
1705:2009
1663:2011
1616:ISBN
1517:ISBN
1392:2009
1366:2009
1340:2014
1235:PMID
1138:2020
1106:ISBN
1077:ISBN
886:and
807:and
805:CUNY
792:and
779:and
707:ARES
420:2000
416:1999
412:1998
408:1996
392:1999
332:The
320:The
3441:PBS
2964:Vox
2439:CNN
1964:127
1722:on
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1554:doi
1227:doi
1181:DEA
809:NYU
747:ABC
735:MTV
731:HBO
727:FOX
723:ABC
719:NBC
715:CBS
699:311
495:in
487:in
483:on
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308:at
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248:to
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